some of our Humours rarefied into Spirits or Vapours Melancholy Distempers are deduced from Spirits drawn from that Cacochymia The Phrenitis from Choleric Spirits and the Epilepsie from Fumes As to the use of the Brain Galen observes That the Skins and outward Part of the Brain may be cut away without loss of Sense or Motion but when the Medullary Part of the Brain or Nerves is wounded both perish He asserts That the Nerves bring the Faculty of Motion to the Muscles by this Experiment If a Nerve be cut or the Spinal Marrow all the Parts below the Incision lose their Sense and Motion but those above preserve it He was as much perplexed about the Porosity of the Nerves as the Moderns but neither can otherways explain the Diseases of the Nerves than by supposing some Aerial and innate Animal Particles like Vapours passing through the Nerves to give them a Tension And as no Age could ever doubt of the Passage of the Chyle into the Blood before the Discovery of the Lacteals so we are forced to confess the Contents of the Nerves though we can no way discern them for upon the Death of an Animal the Spirits may readily sink into the Muscles or Veins or Lymphatics and Glandules or else be so Aerial as many Liquors be which evaporate upon the least approach of Air or else their Minute Canals suspend their Liquors as small Glass-Pipes do But it seems most probable That proper Experiments have not yet been made by Ligature or Incisions in Living Animals which might demonstrate the Nervine Lympha and it is impossible at present for us otherwise to explain the Nature of the Spirits than by comparing them to Air or Fire till we can by some lucky Experiment discover the Contents of the Nerves and their particular Qualities I have added Two Appendixes to this Treatise of Animal Humours The First describes the Nature of Fevers and their Ferments and the Second deduces many Diseases from the simple Ebullition Effervescence or Orgasmus of the Blood on which most Inflammations Tumours Pains and Fluxes of Humours depend and without a due respect to that Effervescence none of the mentioned Diseases can be rationally cured In the ensuing Treatise I have endeavoured to explain the Opinion of the Ancients in all their Discourse of Fevers but we are obliged to the Ingenious Car. Piso for giving the first hint of Diseases depending on an Effervescence of the Serum but that wanted a farther Explication because he knew not the Circulation of Humours nor the Use of the Glands nor the true Nature of the Serum of the Blood and that the Effervescence is in the Mass of Blood and the Serum has only a violent Motion given by the Ebullition which forces it to pass those Glands through which the Fluxion is made and that Pains cause Fluxions only by stopping the Circulation of Humours by contracting the Vessels by help of the Convulsed Nerves and that all Tumours happen by the Obstruction or Stagnation of Humours in the Circulating Vessels Books Printed for and Sold by R. Clavel at the Peacock in St. Paul's Church-Yard THE Church History clear'd from the Roman Forgeries and Corruptions found in the Councils and Baronius In Four Parts From the Beginning of Christianity to the end of the Fifth General Council 553. By Thomas Comber D. D. Dean of Durham Aristophanis Comoediae Duae Plutus Nubes cum Scholiis Graecis Antiquis Quibus adjiciuntur Notae quaedam simul cum Gemino Indice In usum Studiosae Juventutis The Reasons of Praying for the Peace of Jerusalem In a Sermon Preached before the Queen at White-Hall on the Fast-Day being Wednesday August 29. 1694. By Thomas Comber D. D. Dean of Durham and Chaplain in Ordinary to Their Majesties Printed by Their Majesties Special Command A Daily Office for the Sick Compil'd out of the Holy Scriptures and the Liturgy of our Church with occasional Prayers Meditations and Directions The Catechisms of the Church with Proofs from the New Testament and some additional Questions and Answers divided into Twelve Sections by Z. J. D. D. Author of the Book lately Published Entituled A Daily Office for the Sick with Directions c. A Church Catechism with a brief and easie Explanation thereof for the help of the meanest Capacities and Weakest Memories in Order to the Establishing them in the Religion of the Church of England by T. C. Dean of D. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Or The Touch-stone of Medicines Discovering the Vertues of Vegetables Minerals and Animals by their Tastes and Smells In Two Volumes By Sir John Floyer of the City of Lichfield K t. M. D. of Queens-College Oxford The Pantheon Representing the Fabulous Histories of the Heathen Gods and most Illustrious Heroes in a short plain and familiar Method by way of Dialogue for the Use of Schools Written by Fra. Pomey of the Society of Jesus Author of the French and Latin Dictionary for the Use of the Dauphin What Mistakes have happened I desire may be corrected by the Errata's here annexed PAg. 11. l. 2. it ought to run thus The Fat is produced from the Buttery part of Chyle p. 26. after and that depends on is omitted in the last Line secretitii 33. l. 18. the stop after sometime 43. l. 6. so they are r. which are l. 11. cold not old 44. l. 21. dele as in Rhue 45. l. 2. r. Cure instead of are l. 11. one drachm not one Ounce l. 19. Catchup divide it from Mango l. 48. omit the Comma betwixt Milk and Water 49. l. â—3 for which Flames r. with Flannel 53. l. 10. dele so 66. â—â—â— 8. r. pungent 83. l. 25. r. compare 95. l. 21. r. Hog Fenil 96. l. 20. r. acid not acrid 102. l. 16. r. for not fat 107. l. 25. r. rapid 112. l. 22. r. fat Cows not Faulcon 114. l. 14. r. Flowers not Flames 117. l. 10. no breach 127. l. 15. r. soon not some 129. l. 1. r. the. 155. l. 24. r. are 157. l. 17. r. preter not pretty 171. l. 8. r. Stomach not Sumach 181. l. 2. r. Onions not Crocus 188. l. 24. r. from not above 199. l. the last r. Aq. Panatae 191. l. 1. r. mild not wild 202. l. 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 206. l. 22. dele as 208. l. 28. r. of not or 209. l. 21. add less 211. l. 11. r. for not so 224. l. 2. r. Bursa pastoris dele and. 260. stop after Italy the not they add of after use 261. l. 6. r. Oxymels THE Preternatural State OF ANIMAL HVMOVRS described c. CHAP. I. Of Diseases in General and particularly of those of the Solid Parts THE Ancient Doctrine of Hippocrates divided the Parts of an Animal into the Containing and Contained The Containing are the Vessels and the Parts Contained are the Humours amongst which we reckon the Spirits which are also of a Fluid Nature The Anatomy of an Embryo evidently confirms this Doctrine for at its first formation
the Joynts 9. Arthritis Scorbutica 10. All the Inflammations and Vlcers following them cause great Pain Whose Species are 1. Aphthae or Inflammations of the Mouth 2. Angina or Inflammations of the Throat 3. Inflammations of the Vvula and Tonsils and Gums 4. Parotis or Inflammations of the Glands about the Ears 5. The Inflammation of the Stomach or Intestines 6. The Inflammation of the Anus and Haemorrhoids 7. The Inflammation of the Liver or Spleen 8. Nephritis or the Inflammation of the Kidnies 9. Phrenitis or the Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain 10. Ophthalmia or the Inflammation of the Eyes 11. Peripneumonia the Inflammation of the Lungs 12. Pleuritis the Inflammation of the Pleura and Muscles of the Breast 13. Inflammations of the Breasts 14. Rheumatismus or the Inflammations of the Muscles of the Limbs in general or else of some particular Muscles as those of the Hip in the Ischias or the Back in Lumbago 15. Inflammation of the Stones By the continuance of the Inflammations Imposthumes and Vlcers are bred in all the Parts of the Body the chief of which are 1. Vomiea or an Abcess in the Lungs contained in a Bladder 2. Empyema or a collection of Matter in the Cavity of the Breast 3. Phthisis or an Vlcer in the Lungs 4. Dysenteria or an Vlcer in the Intestines 5. Tenesmus or an Vlcer in the Intestinum rectum 6. Vlcers of the Eyes 7. Vlcers of the Kidneys and Bladder 8. Vlcers of the Anus 9. Vlcers of the Viscera as Liver Spleen 10. Vlcers of the Glands in the Scrophula or Kings-Evil 11. Vlcers of the Mouth and Throat Nose or Ears Gums and Stomach 12. Gonorrhaea or Vlcers of the Prostatae All these Vlcers may conveniently be treated of immediately after the Instammations of their several parts to which each Vlcer must be referred Because the Fever attending Inflammations for the most part though at first it occasions them yet afterwards it depends on the Tumour and Pain I chose to referr them to the Class of Pains rather than to that of Fevers and also because many Inflammations depend on other causes than Fevers but all are attended with great Pain Fourthly The Animal Spirits are some time in an explosive Motion by which they cause Convulsions which depend much on the hottest Flatulency of Humours as 1. Epilepsia is a Convulsion of all the outward Parts with a falling down suddenly 2. Passio Hysterica is a Convulsion of the inward Parts as the Lungs Diaphragma Mesentery Womb and Muscles of the Belly 3. Chorea S ti Viti is a Species of Convulsion observed in the Lameness of Girls before their Puberty with shaking of their Leg and Hand 4. The Convulsions of Children from Pain as in the breeding of Teeth Gripes or Worms 5. The Convulsion from Serous Matter in the Heads of Children or the Metastesis of a Malignant Fever thither 6. The Palpitation of the Heart is a Convulsion of it 7. Singultus is a Convulsion of the Stomach and Diaphragma 8. Coughing is a Convulsive Motion of the Breast 9. Sneezing is a slight Convulsion from Humours irritating the Nose 10. Priapismus is a Convulsion of the Penis which causes Painful Erection of it Fifthly The Animal Spirits have sometimes a violent tumultuous or restless Motion in the Brain by which the Judgment is depraved and the Idaea's confused 1. Mania is a furious Motion of the Animal Spirits with the Passion of Anger and Boldness these Spirits are from a Rancid Cholerick Blood 2. Melancholia is a restless Motion of the Spirits joyned with the Passion of Fear and Sadness from a Vitriolic State of Blood 3. Furor uterinus is a Delirium joyned with an immoderate Appetite of Venery in which case the Spirits as well as the other Humours are tinctured with the Seminal Faetid Lympha Sixthly The Animal Spirits acquire some crude or mixt Flatuosity or become windy as in bottled Liquors or the Spirits of those not fully fermented These Distempers happen in a flatulent Cacochymia 1. Vertigo which is a vertiginous Motion of Spirits 2. Tympanites is a permanent Inflation of the Membranes of the Abdomen by flatulent Spirits 3. Asthma is the Inflation of the Membranes of the Lungs and of the Membranes covering the Muscles of the Thorax but does not continue long 4. Incubus is an Inflation of the Membranes of the Stomach which hinders the Motion of the Diaphragma and Lungs and Pulse and Motion but with a sense of a weight oppressing the Breast 5. A windy Inflation of the Vterus after Child-Bed in many Hysterical Women and those especially who have oft Miscarried are sensible of Wind passing from the Womb. 6. The flatulent Tumours of particular Parts Seventhly The Animal Spirits are unfit for the Motions of Sense or Reasoning or Memory by their depauperated or waterish State or some Indisposition in the Canals of the Nervous Fibers in all Fools which we call Morofis and the low phlegmatic or waterish or tartareous Cacochymia's Each Cacochymia produces Animal Spirits of a peculiar Temper suitable to it so that by observing the Cacochymia we may know the particular ill State of the Spirits and this cannot be cured without altering the other The Spirits are a Secreted Humour and often circulating through the Blood they must partake of its several Cacochymia's and this Observation is most certain qualis chylus talis est sanguis qualis sanguis talis est succus nervosus caeterique omnes humores secretiti CHAP. III. Of the Preparation of Animal Humours by Fermentation FRom the Crude and Watry Juices of Vegetables we prepare all our Wines by Fermentation which dissolves the Slimy Mucilage of the Grapes or other Fruit into a more fluid Consistence it separates the Acid Particles from the more Earthy and volatilizes the oleous Particles and unites them with the Acid for we observe that all fermented liquors whether from Fruits or Corn are composed out of a sweet rarefied and well digested Mucilage and of Acid Oleous Particles which are their pungent Spirits all which being dissolved in a Watry Vehicle the fermented liquors obtain a clear lympid and equal Consistence The Particles which compose our Chyle are very like those mentioned of fermented liquors and by the following Discourse it will be manifest that the Chyle has its preparation by being fermented as other Liquors be Chyle has the same Principles as Milk a viscidity from the Caseous Parts an oyliness from the Butyraceous Parts and an Acidity from the Tartareous which we taste in Butter-milk besides a waterish Serosity in which the other Principles swim and are mixed It is scarce doubted by any of our Modern Physicians that the Chyle is prepared by Fermentation when they consider the nature of the Saliva how much it ferments Animal Humours when any one is Bitten by a Mad Dog or other Venomous Creature and the most familiar use of the Runnet is to ferment our Milk and give a strong foetor to Cheese Besides
All sweet Fruits have their Mucilage as Grapes Gooseberries c. and therefore these yield much phlegmatic Matter in Digestion and all thick Wines made of them are accounted Phlegmatic All the Legumens as Peas and Beans have an evident Sliminess and so have all Cakes and crusty baked Pyes or such like and all Meats prepared of Flower All the Olera as Cabbage Turnips Lettuce Spinage Cucumbers Melons c. have an evident Sliminess which they always produce in Animals who eat them This Mucilage in Plants is their crude Juyce and is of an Oyly Nature as appears evidently in Linseed this is of a cooling quality as Phlegm is accounted from their crude Slime many Plants prepare their sweet bitter acrid or aromatic Tastes and Phlegm is a nutritious Juyce which may be farther digested into Blood The Nervous Parts of Animals yield the greatest Slime as the Calves Feet and Head the Guts are Membranes of Animals the shavings of Horns and the decoctions of Bones The Liver Spleen and Brains have much Slime Fish and Water-Fowl who feed of turbid and muddy slimy Water are accounted to be the Causes of Phlegm especially Eels All Flesh full of Nourishment as Beef Pork Gellies Gravies and Eggs increase the matter of Phlegm Young Creatures as Pig Lamb c. yield a very great Slime if eaten too young Goats-Flesh cats very slimy All fat Meats are slimy and of hard Digestion and fat Bodies are usually phlegmatic Oyl has a Slimeness and so has Fat always joyned with it Milk breeds much Phlegm from the Caseous parts in it and Butter is accounted phlegmatic from its oyly fat parts Too great a quantity of Meat and often Drinking great quantities breed a Sliminess in the Chyle by hindring the Fermentation of the Meat and its perfect Dissolution 2. Sleep and Idleness hinder the circulation of Humours and produce a stagnation of them by which their viscid oyly or sibrous parts cohere and unite into a Slime 3. A Mucilage is increased in the Humours by a fenny wet Countrey or moist Air which clogs the Spirits fermenting and a cold Air coagulates the Humours so the lymphatic Liquor exposed to the Air immediately grows thick or gellies and all our strong Broths grow thick and viscid by cooling 4. Cares and Sadness stop the Motion of Humours and thicken them and hence it is that melancholy Persons are phlegmatic and spit much viscid Phlegm 5. The Suppression of Evacuations as the Menses in Girls and stoppage of a Cough or Spitting encreases Phlegm in the Stomach 6. Haemorrhages long Fevers Fluxes of the Belly or other Chronical Diseases produce much Slime 8. Those who have been born of phlegmatic Parents or live in a moist cold Countrey near standing Waters or the Sea-side those who are of a great Age for want of a perfect Digestion and those who are very Young as Children through their much and disorderly eating Women by reason of the lesser degree of Fermentation in that Sex abound most with Phlegm The Cold and the Moisture of the Air stopping the Pores in the Winter-time makes that Season to be accounted most phlegmatic 9. The Mucilaginous Temper of the Blood Chyle and Ferment of the Stomach is natural to some Constitutions who dissolve their Meat only into a Mucilaginous Juyce which is the greatest Crudity of our Digestion and therefore from this arises all our Phlegm for that was accounted by the Ancient Physicians the coldest Humour which being a nutritious Juyce it by only fasting was turned into Blood This crude Chyle swims in the Blood and appears as Milk in the Blood let out of some Persons who are greatly Cachectic and by putting Spirit of Harts-Horn to such milky Blood I have turn'd it reddish or of a rosy Colour Such was the Blood of a Gentleman who had drank hard and bled much this milky Blood in him was never turn'd into Serum but in others of a less Crudity the milky Chyle is imperfectly turned into Serum but that is very much in quantity and watery or insipid rather than very salt The Sanguification is hindred for want of an acrid Bile and the Saltness thence proceeding The Circulation is hindred by the viscidity of the Slime and the Secretion of most of the glandulous Humours The Chyle is never digested further than to a nutritious Sweetness and from hence the habit of the Body is very fleshy and fat but the Pulse slow soft and weak the Spirits are dull and torpid the Bile ropy and sweet rather than bitter or acrid the Juyce of the Spleen very mucilaginous for want of Digestion and the Blood has more of a gelatinous Consistence than fibrous and Tumours happen in the Viscera or Glands In the Brain sleepy Distempers and Dulness of the Senses or Stolidity from the thick Sliminess of the nervous Juyce the Vrin is pale and waterish with thick and white farinaceous Contents or without any if there be Obstructions and an Appetite is wanting The Sweats are cold and viscid for Phlegm offends by both those qualities The Succus Nutritius abounds with Slime and causes a leucophlegmatia or pale Tumour of the habit of the Body The Seminal Lympha's are cold and slimy in Sterilities and the fluor albus or Gonorthoea simplex and so becomes unsit for the use of a Ferment in Generation The Lympha lactea is most abundant in the phlegmatic for that is immediately produced from the mucilaginous Chyle and separated by the Glands of the Mouth whence the slimy Phlegm is hawked up and this is plentifully emptied into the Stomach where it causes a loss of Appetite a saburra pituitosa and windiness and in the Lungs it causes Coughs and â—â—oppage of Phlegm or dyspnoea with Lassitude in the Limbs a slow Fever and Palenes of Vrin and of the Countenance and Palpitation of the Heart which are the signs of a pituitous Cachexia evident in the Green-Sickness All outward oedematous Tumours arise from the succus nutritius of a pituitous Temper This Chyle and the Lympha lactea is the natural and alimentary Pituita which the Ancients described as insipid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is Galen's description of it this is the humid cool and sweetish part which is so agreeable to the Taste of the Blood and they esteemed that Blood pituitous naturally which abounded with an exceeding quantity of sweetish Chyle which remained something undigested in the Blood and was not wholly sanguified but capable of it this of all the Humours to the touch was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or coldest and they called it most viscid or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 when it is made so by the great Ebullition of Blood in Inflammations for they thicken it into that tough Skin which covers the Blood when cooled in the Dish But when this chylaceous part of the Blood or the Lympha's thence arising become preternatural Galen describes the Phlegm thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The lacteal Lympha's have their Acidities from Stagnation in
rarefies it into Wind and Ructus and from hence we know all windy Herbs by having an Acrimony lodged in a Mucilage 3. All the sweet and mucilaginous Legumina as Beans Peas are hardly digested by reason of their Sliminess and Sweetness apt to ferment Wines of the sweet and mucilaginous Fruits as Figs Raisins Grapes and other Fruits and all the Mault-Liquors made of Corn are full of a vegetable Mucilage and contain also an oyly acid Spirit which is stopt from its due Fermentation by the Sliminess or outward Accidents or for want of a due Ripeness in the Fruit it is made of for this Reason Wines made of our acid and crude English Fruits are very windy the airy elastic Particles seem to mix with the oyly acid Spirits of all Vegetable Liquors and when they are not thorowly fermented those elastic Particles remain mixed with the crude slimy Liquor and create the Windiness of it or if any fermenting Liquor be shut up in Bottles before those elastic airy Particles have evaporated which are observed to produce the Froth in all fermenting Liquors they create a great windiness in those bottled Liquors and they become very unhealthful to flatulent Bodies Sugar and Honey make windy Liquors because they are apt to ferment and their Spirits are depressed and the airy elastic fermenting Particles are detained by their innate Gummosity 4. Oyls and Fat 's are hardly digested because of the Mucilage they have joyned with them so Butter Oyl and fat Meat lie long in the Stomach and are hardly turned into a thin Chyle and for this reason Chessnuts and all oyly Nuts are commonly thought windy 5. All crude Plants as Spinage Lettuce Purslain Mushrooms are windy by reason of their crude Mucilage and unaptness to be digested 6. All Acids and acerb Fruits are windy as being less apt to ferment unless with contrary Salts Mr. Boyl's Vacuum proves all Liquids to be full of airy Particles which rise upon the pumping of the Air but that Acids have the least of it and therefore I have observed March-Drink to have the least Windiness and all other ripe Liquors 7. All very mucilaginous Flesh-Meats as the Extremities of Animals and Fish and Water-Fowl are accounted windy by reason of their abundant Sliminess II. All external Causes which hinder a just Fermentation produce Windiness as Idleness want of due Exercise too much Sleep cold Air Fear Sadness too much Evacuation by Venery Baths Exercise spend the Spirits too much which help the Invigorating of the stomachic Ferment and all Evacuations stopt in the Haemorrhoids or Menses vitiate the stomachic Ferment by mixing the Guts with it and in Obstructions of the Viscera are blown up continually The internal Causes of a cold Flatulency are 1. A Stomachic Ferment which wants Spirits being only sowre or mucilaginous acerb or austere 2. The vapid watery mucilaginous or crude State of Blood and Humours for they who have a strong Heat or due Fermentation have no Flatulencies unless the Meat be of the qualities above-mentioned which are unfit for Fermentation and so cannot throughly be dissolved by it by reason of their unaptness to ferment They who have a very low Digestion have no Windiness because they cannot raise the Spirits in the slimy Meat so far as to become windy but those only are flatulent who can digest to some degree whereby the Spirits begin to separate but do not perfectly volatilize themselves and separate the aery Particles from the fermenting Liquor which by its Sliminess retains much of the aery elastic Particles 3. When the Pylorus is so obstructed that the alimentary Tincture does not descend to the Guts it becomes windy in the Stomach 4. When the Choler does not correct the Acidities of the Aliments digested as in the Jaundice Flatuosities are produced 5. In the Obstruction of the Viscera the Spleen-Juyce or the Hepatic is mixt with the animal Ferment in the Stomach and vitiates the Digestion or the conglobate Glands send their serous Lympha's thither in Catarrhs or the Obstructions hinder the Distribution of the Chyle The Cure of Flatulency consists 1. In Evacuation of the slimy Humour which burthens the Stomach by Vomits and Purges and Clysters which are Carminative and Phlegmagogues 2. By avoiding all noxious windy Meats and Drinks and using a contrary Diet to help Digestion as those above-mentioned and all the carminative Aromatics added to it as Pepper Ginger Cloves Nutmegs and by avoiding all fulness of Diet and Surfeits and to use a very simple Diet of Flesh-Meats small Ale and Bread and no other to avoid Suppers and Venery after Meat and much Exercise and all sorts of Vegetables in Diet as Legumens Mault Drinks and Sallets 3. The pituitous acerb and vapid Temper of the stomachic Ferment and of the Blood must be corrected by Digestives above-mentioned and the Phlegmagogues must evacuate it as Pilulae Aloephanginae c. 4. The Matter rarefied into Flatus must be evacuated by Pil. Mastich Aloephangin by Clysters and Vomits 5. The Flatuosities must be discussed 1. By sweet Aromatics as Semen AmmcosÊ’ss boiled in Wine or Caraways Cummin Fenil Aniseed Dill Lovage Parsly-Seeds infused in Wine or Eleosacchara of them as Fenil Ol. Gutt 6. in Wine Daucus-Seeds in Beer â—…eptic Powders of the Seeds mentioned and restaceous Powders Roots of Angelica in Powder or Wine Spirit or Tincture of Imperatoria wild Parsnip-Seeds Lovage-Roots boiled 2. By the acrid Aromatics as Pepper whose Tinct with Brandy or Spirit of Sal Armoniac or Diatrion Pipereon in rotulis cum Sacch Ol. Feniculi Cubebs Cardamom in Spirit Tincture or Wine 3. The Laurel Aromatics as Ol. Cinnam Caryophill cum Sacch Forbiculi addend Ambr. Grys Confect è baccis LauriÊ’ij ante pastum Orange Peels and Limons Nutmegs Winter-Bark in Tincture or Wine or Bay-Berries in Wine 4. Terebinthinate Aromatics as Juniper-Berries candied No. X. or Syrup of the same made with Wine or Juniper-Wine Enula compound Candied 5. Acrid sweet Aromatics Calamus Aromaticus Ginger Zedoary Galanga which may be infused in Wine or Brandy thus â„ž Calami Aromatici Zedoarii Galangae Zinzib an Ê’ij SenaeÊ’vi Agarici Turbethi an Ê’iij Cardamom Ê’i Fiat infus in Vin. alb lbij. colat Capiat â„¥ iij. Let Zedoary be chewed in the Mouth or infused in Wine Use Costus and Iris in Wine or Tincture 6. Cephalic acrid styptic Aromatics and hitterish as Calaminth Mint Penny-Royal Thyme Rosemary in Wine or their Oyls in Lozenges or spec Diacalaminth in Lozenges 7. Bitters deterge the phlegmatic Matter joyned with Aromatics as Wormwood-Wine with Sal volatile oleosum or Enula and Orange Peels Chamomil Flowers two handfuls in a Bottle of Sack bitter Wines of Centaury Gentian and Orange Peels Decoction of Polium Montanum in Wine or Conserve of Tansie Theriaca or Mithridate with Wine Syrup of Carduus â„¥ iij. with ℈ i. of Extract of Calamus Aromaticus 8. Foetids as Rheu in Wine or Syrup or distilled or in Clysters and outwardly Oyl of
and these coming into the Nerves produce what we describe by Vapours in the hypochondriac and hysteric Cases for all sorts of Convulsions as Epilepsies hysteric and hypochondriac Fits Vertigo the Palpitation of the Heart Singultus Chorea Sancti Viti depend on the highest and hottest Flatulency of our Spirits but the Tympanites Asthma Incubus are different from the former as much as a gradual Elasticity or Expansion of the gentle Air does from a violent Blast or Storm I will here annex a strange Account of a Priapismus from Windiness first premising that it is no effect of a Venereal Distemper nor a Melancholic Fancy The Person is of a middle Age and fat habit of Body who every Night has a Priapism in his Sleep cum emissione Seminis it never seizes him but in his Sleep at Night and never in the Day-time though he sleep then This painful Erection he imputes wholly to Windiness and thus he describes it I often plainly and loudly hear the Wind to make a Noise in that part like that of the Guts especially in a Morning for constantly as soon as I wake the Wind begins to return from that part and in going back is very audible for near a quarter of an hour till the Part is fully fall'n and sometime when it is returning I find a Pain and Fulness ensues in my Breast and at the same time I have constantly a Noise and Piping in my Ears He bled in the Penis without any Benefit and drank chalybeate Waters without any great Success and used Steel and Nervines Fomentations and Vnguents The Medicines against a Priapism above the hot Flatulencies are nitrous Medicines Spirit of Niter Emulsions Acids Narcotics externally and internally Bath Waters Chalybeate Waters The hot Carminatives are Camphire Rheu Cummin Seeds Species Diambrae Agnus Castus Seed and Hemp Seed Glysters do more than Purges The Indications in the Cure of the hot foetid Flatulencies are I. To evacuate by Vomits or gentle Purges or Glysters the nidorous Acid bitter Salt or foetid Mass from the Stomach and by frequent Purges to divert those Humours from thence which give an ill Tincture to the Ferment of the Stomach Cholagogues and all the specific Purgers are here proper Purging Waters especially II. To correct the cholerick salt vitriolic or putrefactive State of the Blood which insects the stomachic Ferment and for this we must use those Alteratives which are prescribed for each Cacochymia III. All the hot Flatulencies of Humours must be depressed by fixing the fermenting Spirits 1. By Acids Sp. Nitri dulcis Salis dulcis Succi Citri Ribium Decoct Tamarind Elixir Vitrioli Elixir Proprietat cum Acido Crem Tartari Spirit of Vinegar â„ž Aq. Menth. Simp. Fl. Chamomeli Foeniculi an â„¥ iv Sp. Carui â„¥ iss Sp. Aceti â„¥ i. ocul Canc. vel Antimonii Diaph Ê’i Syr. Corticis Aurant â„¥ i. Laud. gr iij. Gas Sulphuris Cochi cum Aq. Paratae Haustu 2. By Salso-Acids Acids mixt with Volatiles Mixtura Simplex Sp. Carminans Secretus ex Tartaro Nitro Sal Prunellae Sal Armoniac and all nitrous Medicines Sal Succini 3. By watery Liquors as Aq. Parata distilled Waters drinking Wine and two parts of Water or Wood-Drinks Spaw-Waters Milk and Water in salt Cacochymia's the Bath Waters inwardly but outwardly they increase all hot Flatulencies Cold Water is more useful or Vinegar and Water dipping or immersion in cold Water Solutions of Niter and Sal Armoniac The cool Juyces of Plants as Sempervivum Purslain Brook-Lime Plantain and Raw Fruits cool such flatulent Bloods But since all the hot Flatulencies procure a decay of Spirits the Fermentation becomes at length depressed and as in all chronical Diseases a Saburra is produced which requires Digestives of the cooler kind to renew the Fermentation of the Blood and depurate it from some secretitious Humour suppressed As 1. The cool Chalybeates as Vitriolum Martis Chalybs Willisianus in Milk Waters 2. The wild aromatic Carminatives and gentler Bitters as Chamomile Flowers Zedoary Angelica Orange Peels 3. The Use of a moderate Diet in which there is little Slime or acrid Parts especially Liquors in which no spirituous Parts are and which are not apt to ferment The Nervine hot Flatulencies cannot be composed without Opiates which weaken the Elasticity of the Spirits All hot Nervines as Castor the hot Gums Assa Galbanum and all Amber Medicines increase the hot Flatulencies and also all Chymical Oyls Balsams and all Salts whether volatile or fixed and also all hot Applications outwardly but the cool Medicines mentioned above which cool and temper the sanguineous Spirits have the same effect upon the Animal or Succus Nervosus It often happens that there is a cool Flatulency depending on a weak Digestion in the Stomach when a hot Flatulency infects the Blood and Nerves as in the Asthma Tympany Hypochondriac and Hysteric Cases and then the Medicines must be mixed and of a middle temper neither too hot nor too cold â„ž Aq. Menth. Fenicul an â„¥ iij. Sp. Carminativ Sylvii â„¥ iss Sp. Nitri gr xx Ol. Juniperi gr vi Syr. Cort. Aurant â„¥ iss Laud. gr iij. Capiat cochleat Fifthly Of the Corrosiveness of the Humours When Humours are corrosive they produce Pains Burning Vlcers Rottenness of the Bones and Teeth and Fluxes of the Belly or Haemorrhagies and a thin foetid Sanies in ulcerated Parts 1. A corrosive Acidity in the Stomach and Belly produces the Pain and Heart-burning in the Stomach a Cholera or Cholick or Dysentery or Boulimia and Vlcers 2. A corrosive Temper of the Spittle corrodes the Teeth and Gums and occasions sharp Catarrhs The corrosive Temper of the Mucus of the Aspera Arteria produces a Phthisis Spitting of Blood and the corrosive Temper of the Mucus of the Nose an Ozena 3. A corrosive Acrimony in the Seminal Lympha produces Salacity Gonorrhaea Simplex and Fluor Albus if with Pain and Corrosion 4. The Corrosiveness of the Lympha Nervosa is made evident by wandring corroding Pains of the Head and Limbs in the Scurvy and Lues Venerea and in Convulsions or Cramps and Melancholies 5. The Humours of the Eyes have a salso-acid Corrosiveness which inflames and ulcerates them 6. The Milk in Womens Breasts acquires a corrosive Acidity which produces cancrous or schirrous Tumours 7. The Blood has a corrosive Saltness in the Scurvy and Haemorrhagies 8. The salt Serum and the Lympha serosa have a muriatic Corrosiveness which corrodes the Flesh and hinders the Nourishment 9. The Vrin is corrosive in the Strangury 10. The Bile is corrosive in Diarrhaea's 11. The Spleen-Acid is corrosive in Melancholies The external Causes of Corrosiveness are 1. Sharp corrosive Diet of sharp stale Beer and salt Meats and smoaked dryed Meats burning Brandy Spirits and sharp acid Wines 2. Violent Passions Sadness Anger Anxiety and Watching Studies 3. Immoderate Labour and Venery 4. Suppression of sharp Humours usually evacuated The internal Causes 1. The Ebullition or high Fermentation
Writers wanted a full Knowledge of Fermentation by which the chief morbid Alterations are produced in the Humours and they attributed their preternatural State either to Crudity of Digestion or Adustion There is a remarkable Instance in Galen which shews most plainly a Notion not much different from Wine about the Preparation of our Humours viz. The Blood is in the middest of those Humours we call bilious and those whose Genus is called by one Name the crude Humour or Phlegm for they are produced by over-digestion of Blood but these by its imperfect Digestion and there are innumerable differences of both kinds And in another place he asserts That both Biles are from an Excess of Heat and Acidity from Indigestion and Saltness from Putrefaction A pure Temperament is only an Idaea of Fancy but that which comes nearest to it is the sanguineous Constitution in which there is the most exact Digestion of Humours and because there is also the greatest Sweetness of them there is generally a Fulness of the Habit of the Body from the quantity of Nutriment and a Floridity in the Face from the good Digestion of the Red part of the Blood and here the Nutritious Humours are most free from those ill qualities which make them unapt to assimilate or which stimilate the Sensible Parts to evacuate them out of the Body The various natural Constitutions or Qualities in Wines resemble the various Temperaments of our Humours which like them depend on some certain degree of Fermentation natural to both and because that degree of Digestion causes sometimes the watery or slimy sometimes the acid or acerb or the oyly Sweetness to predominate the Ancient Writers believed that this depended on the greater Mixture of some of the Elements The Crude Wines are the Waterish the Austere the Acerb the Pendulous or Slimy the New Sweet Flatulent but those Wines which depend on a very high Digestion of vegetable Juyces are the bitter Wines the old hot spirituous and sharp the faeculent viscous or thick the fragrant or foetid Many of these ill qualities are produced in Wines by long Keeping or preternatural Preparations of them By a weak Fermentation a pendulous Sliminess is produced which answers a pituitous State or an Acerbity which resembles the Tartar of our Humours or Waterishness which is like the Serosity of our Blood By over-Fermentation or long Keeping Wine becomes bitter as the Caecubum sharp as in Hock like the vitriolic Acidity they grow thick like the Viscidity of our Humours or foetid like the putrid State of them These are the preternatural States of Wines and Animal Humours occasioned by various Fermentations which Galen observed when he explains the Alteration of Humours by new sweet Wine fermenting by its own Heat and he compares the Effervescence on the Wine to Choler and the Faeces to Melancholy Many Phaenomena may more easily be explained now than they could be in former Ages when the Circulation of Humours the fermentative Dissolution of our Meats and the Defluxions through particular Glands were unknown The Motion of particular Humours was accounted for by the Old Writers by the Attraction of Parts which drew their like but the Pulse which circulates several Humours as well as the Blood better explains all the Motion of Humours Galen observes Two Species of Styptics and that the Styptic Quality is greater in the Acerb than the Austere but the Explication of the Virtues of Specific Medicines he imputes to their Substance which may be more easily made by the particular Taste of them which raises or depresses the Fermentation of Humours and they frequently have a Similitude or Contrariety to the Secretitious Humours in Taste and Quality The Ancients imputed Sanguification to the Liver but we more properly to the Gall and a Mixture of the Salt Lympha's and also a long Circulation with the Blood it self The Digestion of Meat was explained by Heat which the Moderns more clearly deduce from a Fermentation which half putrefies the Food and dissolves it out of its hollow Fibers whether they be Animal or Vegetable for it is their Juyces chiefly which are our Food for the solid Parts turn into Excrements But the best Explication we can yet give of the Vital and Animal Spirit is not much different from that of Galen who affirms That the Vital Spirits are bred in the Arteries and Heart and that the Matter of them is from the Air inspired and the Vapours of the Blood and that the Animal Spirits are made out of the Vital This Hypothesis is more fully explained in another Book ascribed to Galen de usu Respirationis Constat autem vires corporis esse ex nervorum tensione causa autem tensionis nervi nulla est alia quam spiritus nervum inflans spiritum autem voca non solum vaporem sanguinis sed etiam aerem inspiratum qui ei admiscetur The innate Heat differs not from the Vital Spirit which he deduces from an unctuous Humour in the Blood after the same manner as Flame is produced from the Oyl of a Lamp and both are in a continual Motion like the Water of a River All the Eructations he imputes to the Air which mixed with our Meats create Wind and this Air passes included in the Pores both of our solid and liquid Meats and this upon Fermentation of our Food is intermixt with its light or volatile Parts and gives them that Elasticity observable in all fermented Liquors and these Elastic Particles give a strong Pungency to the Taste and a strong Odor to the Smell These rarefie fermented Liquors into Bubbles and give the great force in breaking their Vessels and these easily evaporate into Air having that naturally in their Mixture but that the Spirits are not purely Aerial is evident because they both Smell and Taste of their Vegetable These Spirits we artificially separate in Distilling Brandy Spirits which are evidently light oyly Parts mixt with a volatile Acid. Windy Spirits we commonly experience upon the Digestion of our Meats in the Primae Viae and there we feel Inflations and find windy Bubbles in the Contents of the Intestines and we observe no Liquor so full of them as the fermented be All spirituous Liquors of Vegetables inflame our Animal and Vital Spirits by producing an Effervescence and Heat in the Blood and some Affection in the Nerves of Tremor Stupidity or Giddiness And since our Juyces are made of the Vegetable they are probably fermentiscible like them The Semen puts Females into a Fever upon Impregnation and all Animal Humours which poyson are putrefying Ferments The Eggs of Insects ferment the Juyces of the Plants into which they are inserted and there are many Poysonous Plants which certainly affect both the Blood and Spirits of Animals which produce both Fever and Delirium The greatest Poyson for Darts is believed to be made of putrid Humours It seems impossible to the Ancients to impute the sudden Running of Pains to any other Cause but