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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19065	Christian offices crystall glasse In three bookes. First written in Latine, by that famous and renowned Father, Saint Ambrose Bishop of Millane. Whereunto is added his conuiction of Symmachus the Gentile. A worke tending to the advancement of vertue, and of holinesse: and to shew how much the morality of the Gentiles, is exceeded by the doctrine of Christianity. Translated into English by Richard Humfrey ...; De officiis. English	Ambrose, Saint, Bishop of Milan, d. 397.; Humfrey, Richard.	1637 (1637)	STC 548; ESTC S100171	335,831	469

to religions the religion preserved for so many ages is to be kept and our fathers who prosperously imitated their forefathers are to be followed And now let us admit the famous and eternall city of Rome to bee by and to deale with you in this manner Noble Princes Fathers of your countrie come and doe your reverence to my gray o The like speech of his is mentioned by Prud. lib. 2. Silonga aetas authoritatem religionibus faciat servanda est tot seculis fides sequendi sunt nobis parentes que foeliciter secuti suos He meaneth since the time of Numa 1000. yeares at least But this to bee examined whether among the old wayes this were the good way Ier. 6.16 haires to the which under the use of the first and farthest Ceremonies of our Ancestors pious rite hath brought me Neither doth it repent me being an enfranchised City to live after mine owne customes This worship hath brought the world under my lawes these sacred things have repulsed Hannibal from my wall those p The Gaules which came of the Celtae a people of that which is now called France being driven to seeke an other habitation their owne being overcharged with the multitude of them and seating themselves betweene the Pirenaean mountaines and the Alpes and neere to the Senones were so named Plut. in Cam. for novell institution Objection Replie Senones of the French from my Capitol Am I reserved intyre to these times for this that being full of yeares I should be thus intreated Is it to be thought that I may now see better what ought to be taught and maintained The emendation of old age to be too late full of contumelie and contempt goes for a maxime Therefore we sue for peace to bee granted to our countrie q A strong argument fetched from farthest antiquitie but shrunke in the wetting Gods and our tutelar What all professe must needs to be confessed to be r He could not choose hut heare of that Tenet of Christianity The Church of God to be one Iohn 10.16 Eph. 1.10 Gal 3.28 Iohn 17.21 Cant. 6.9 which makes him perhaps labour to prove it in the religion of the Gentiles one wee ſ Allegation of uniformity in Religion Allegation against the sudden finding out of the truth all see the same starres the same heaven is common to us all the same world doth involve us all What availeth it that in these dayes every one searcheth into the truth with the greatest wisdome A secret of so much worth cannot bee lightly gained it is a matter of more then one dayes travell to find out truth But none but idle t Pharaohs reason against Isr Papists against Protest jumps with this braines busie themselves about such disputes Wee now for our parts u See in this proctor the policie of all obstinate and arrogant spirits untill they have gained their cause they humble themselves to the dust entreate strive not contest not What hath accrewed to your sacred Exchequer by taking away the priviledge of the * Allegation the high praise of Vestals Vestals The poorest Emperours have inlarged and the y He seemeth to touch Constantine richest lessened the same The honour of chastity in that their stipend as it were is solely intended As their ribands are an z The praise of Vestals raised from their pride just as the Poets Lanea dum niveâ circundatur infula Vittâ c. Virgil. gay for an Infidell to gaze upon but taxed by the Prophet Es 3.20 and Apostle 1 Pet. 3.3 Allegation against the abuse of things given to pious uses or of such as pull from the Church to inrich the Crown or Common-weale ornament to their heads so to be free from bribes is the honour of their sacrifice Their safety lying under poverty and losse they require no more then the bare name of immunity Therefore they adde more to their praise who detract somewhat from their maintenance For Virginity dedicated to the publick utility of a kingdome growes great in merit when wages is wanting This short allowance let it be farre from the integritie of your a Aerarium is the common treasurie treasurie the augmentation of the b Fiscus the kings private coffers which he confounds Publick officers privie theeves though the poore subject feeles it yet can it hardly bee discovered in whom the fault lyes revenew of good Princes is not by the dammage of Priests but by spoiles of enemies Doe yee recompence the profit yee reape by them by repining at them And because avarice is not found in your noble dispositions so much the worse is their condition who are deprived of your wonted reliefe For such as are under you Emperours who absteine from wrong your selves and suppresse covetousnesse what moves not the desire of the extortioner c This may easily bee perceived in Zachaeus Luke 19.8 is exempted solely and no more from the injury of losse to the subject The d Allegation that their Priests deprived of maintenance Exchequer in like sort holdeth backe the fields given in legacy by the will of the dead to the Virgins and ministers of the Altar I beseech you O yee e 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He argues well for the restitution of whatsoever hath beene consecrated to the service of the true God Neither can I perceive why hee may not in this his obtestation comprehend the Bish of Rome Damasus and the rest of the Clergie there and elsewhere within the Empire The very Gentiles upon their death-bed gave much to holy uses which to subvert they deemed an heinous offence Imagining some reward to follow upon it being at the point of death they received thereby discomfort priests of justice that where private incroachment hath beene made upon the Consecrate things of the city there may be restitution Let men securely make their Wills and let them know that under Princes not given to covetousnesse whatsoever men bequeath shall stand strong this happinesse of mankind be it to your good liking and delight That very president of frustrating the bequests to the Vestals and Priests begins already to trouble those that dye What say they doe not therefore f Their Priests were priviledged from their service in all warres except only in civill tumults and likewise their pensions freed from all charges Cic. Philip. 8. pro Font. Roman religions depend upon Roman lawes The taking away of goods and possessions which no law no casualtie hath made voyde what appellation shall wee give it Such as were lately bondmen are capable of legacies to servants the due benefit arising from testaments is not denied only noble Virgins and the ministers devoted to Destinies holy service are excluded from their farmes which they ought to injoy as their inheritance What doth it profit to consecrate a chast body for the publike safety to support with divine succours the eternity of the Empire to apply to your

holy Workes and disable them from meriting much more then if they would yeeld them a seate in the heart For this is a great weakening of the cause to say that the renewment of the heart and affections doth nothing conduce thereunto But though it bee not for merit sake that wee commend well doing yet surely manifold is the utilitie that commeth from the practise of a vertuous life For God is thereby 1 Pet. 2.12 Math. 5.16 glorified our selves assured of our 2 Pet. 1.10 election and confirmed in our Hebr. 6.10 19. hope 2 Tim. 1.6 piety stirred up others moved by our example to an holy conversation the needy refreshed by our compassion Well pleasing therefore is it to men and approved of God Approved of God because the fruit of his spirit and flowing from the truth of faith which hee evermore much respecteth Hence ariseth its so ample Math. 5.12.42 10.25.34 remuneration in the life to come and in this life Deut. 5.32 11.9 length of dayes food in the time of Psal 14.7 famine want of no 119.165 112 good thing Es 37.36 protection from enemies preservation in Psal 119. 121.7 dangers deliverance from the Num. 14.13 insultation of adversaries the comfort of Gods Josh 3.10 presence The practise of vertue in the Gentile whose person the Lord accepteth not because hee remaining in infidelity and unconverted aimeth not at the honour of God nor whatsoever performance of his truth seeketh not an heart freed from the guilt of sinne nor a conscience sprinckled with the bloud of Christ and undefiled is such as is undoubtedly Eph. 2.12 4.18 estranged from the life of God without expectation of a better life destitute of all promise of a Sauiour to bring him to it The want of faith only cuts them off for any true reputation thereby for any acceptation at the hands of God For without it it is Heb. 11.5 impossible to please him Did they come unto him without that armour though otherwise they might seeme well furnished they should be in no good course to reape any reward and not seeking after him at all but after their vanities of idols seeing nothing dexterously into his wayes what reliefe may they looke to receive from him The Iesuits approving implicite faith and denying the appropriating of it denying the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 full perswasion and sure conscience of reward as necessary to salvation against the truth of the Rom. 8.31 Eph. 3.12 Col. 2.2 Scriptures must needs ruinate their building For their ground-worke thus faileth that is to say as built upon the sandie foundation especially being under supposall and conjecture and no more of whatsoever their good Workes which they challenge of right to bee regarded and by due debt and desert to bee rewarded at the hands of God This end of vertuous actions to purchase heaven as their owne and of the heathens to gain immortall fame by them are both in opposition to the ends thereof proposed in the booke of God Where our Saviours doctrine is when wee have done all that wee can wee have done but our duty and that wee are notwithstanding Luk. 17.10 unprofitable servants who is to be followed therein as an infallible guide as doth Basil upon Psal 114 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Basill the great shewing what in her prime was the judgement of the Greeke Church everlasting rest proposed to them that shall lead their lives according to the law of God not as if a debt were due unto them from the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vertue of their workes but bestowed upon them that beleeve in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 favour of God the great giver The Heathens in their apprehension goe thus farre that men are borne partly for their countrey partly for their parents and friends and some have added this also that partly for the service of God and therefore fot the benefit of these chiefly for their countrey and friends they have adventured their lives thereby to attaine immortall fame but christian philosophie binds to this that all be done for the honour of God making his praise the only marke at the which we must that professe the same aime at in all our affaires and what is to bee done for man or nation is to bee performed subordinatly and so that it may not diminish his glory and so that it must bee solely for his names sake That which is intellectuall residing in contemplation as prudence saith the Arist Ethico l. 2. c. 1. Ethnick is procured by learning that which resteth in manners and practise by exercise and custome which is vntrue For shall wee say that he makes no perfect enumeration of efficient causes or may we better maintaine that hee faileth in the true cause For is not God howsoever Cicero and Seneca imagine it to be derived from our selves the fountaine of Iames. 1.5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wisdome it is not therefore styled the wisdome of the 1 Cor. 12.8 Rom. 8.6 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spirit did not 1 Kings 3.9 2 Chr p 1.10 Charmah of Chacam sapere Salomon aske it of God Is not courage and Psal 48.29 147.7 1 Sam. 11.6 fortitude from him Doth not the Apostle number Gal. 5 23 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 temperancy among the fruits of the holy Ghost Doth not Psal 72.1 Dan. 9.7 Ier. 9.24 justice proceed from him Is hee not the author and finisher of every good worke according to Eph. 2.9 Phil. 2.13 1. Saint Paul throughout his Epistles Is it not our Saviours Iohn 15.5 doctrine that without him we can doe nothing Tit. 2.14 Heb. 13.21 Which clearely convinceth the Pelagian affirming that by our pure Naturals we may fulfill the law of God and the Semipelagian that in our conversion our free-will parteth stakes with Gods grace the Schoolemen likewise workes of congruity to deserve grace free-will to cooperate with it contrary to the Scripure his mercy shall Psal 59 10. prevent me and his mercy shall Psal 23.8 follow me Nolentem Aug. Enchir. ad Laur. C. 32. praevenit ut velit volentem subsequitur ne frustra velit hee prevents the unwilling to make him willing he followes the willing lest hee should be willing in vaine And a little before expounding that of the Rom. 9.16 Apostle it is not in him that willeth nor in him that runneth but in God that sheweth mercy Why so but that the Nisi ut totum Deo detur qui hominis voluntatem bonam praeparat ad iuvandam adiuvat praeparatam whole may bee given to God who both prepareth the will of man to bee holpen and helpeth being prepared Wee averre with the same Aug. l. de Gratia Lib. Arb. C. 2. author the will in our first conversion extrinsecally to be mere passive intrinsecally only to follow the Spirit of God drawing it And this accordeth with that old and publick forme of Histor Conc. Trid. l. 2. pag. 228 accord to the Transl of D. Brent

this our author because of the abstrusenesse of his style For neither is it Non flaccidus nec humilis Erasmus languishing without vigour nor poore Hierom de Spiritu S to and naked but as it is worthily answered by the St. Augustin worthiest divine in his behalfe though it be more demisse yet such as well sorteth with those great and deepe mysteries But euen there no lesse then else-where when the matter requireth it and cheifly in his books de viduis et virginibus he hath his aculeos pricketh forward the reader to try his wits and beate his braines not a little to find out his meaning and so it fareth with vs in this peice of worke If any man make a question hereof let him read over the last chapter of the first booke or that against Which hath beene the cause that extraordinary paines hath beene spent about it both to cleare the many difficulties therein to inlarge the argument Symmachus and accordingly passe his verdict concerning the residue He breaketh not out into tragicall passions with Hierome and Hilarie but goeth on in an argute and sharpe pleasantnesse Est quem non omnino sine causa mellistuum Doctorem vocant Erasm of speech the whole frame whereof is checker-worke like a great deale of matter wrapped vp in a little roome which is Senecaes high delight Some times the whole furniture of his collections is altogether sententious Epiphonema is frequent with him and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the one is powerfull to peirce the conscience the other implicate to set wits on worke the one quicke and quaint the other curious and cunning which the more intricate it is the more acceptable is it reputed Pithy persuasive compendious aboue all other formes of speech are interrogative points of these almost are his whole volumes compounded He is full of piety and divine mystery in all variety every where but especially here where occasion is offered him to touch all sorts of morall subjects which was one principall inducement to move me to pitch my labours vpon it as a prime worke yet so that this part likewise is covered oftentimes with the mists and cloud of much obscurity and The cause of obscurity is his concisenesse according to that of the Poet dum brevis esse laboro obscurus fio which to cleare and to make the text more evidently to cohere together was an inducement to the many and more large marginall notes the sence so shadowed and cast over eftsoones throughout the same that some Ariadne is still wanting to get Theseus out of the streights some Aaron to lay out more clearely Moses meaning What is done herein I submit my selfe to the censure of the learned nothing regarding the virulent tongues of the enemies of all such pious indeauours I was not so carefull at the first evermore to tye my selfe strictly to the words but rather to the meaning Non verbo verbum curabis reddere fidus Interpres nec desilies imitator in arctum Horat in Arte Poët may give some liberty of inlargement in point of obscurity Yet I know that the extreames lye on both sides which is the cause of the often putting downe his words in the margin in his own tongue that thou mayest the better perceive it and beare with me choosing rather to reteine them though they may seem harsh strange then not to hold me narrowly to what I vndertake that of St Hierome which followeth is not against this but against the taking the Scripture alwayes according to the literall sense as for example in the participation of the Sacrament of the supper For who so take it deceiue themselues Qui verbo tenus corde ficci et mente aridi sacris participant donis lambunt quidem petram sed inde mel non sugunt Sic Cypr. sermone de caena Dom. nor altogether to the sentence but to the sense as now I haue beene vpon a second review And St. Hieromes rule for the Scriptures which our father plentifully citeth hath beene my drection in this course Super Epistol ad Eph. lib. 1. Let vs not thinke the Gospell to consist in the words of the Scripture but in the meaning not in the vpper face but in the marrow not in the leaves of speech but in the root of reason Non putemus in verbis scripturarum esse evangelium sed in sensu non in superficie sed in medulla non in sermonum folijs sed in radice rationis and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Theodoret of the same subiect to the same purpose the word of God Aug. lib. 1. super Gen. Cap. 169. Tom. 4. foolishly vnderstood is not the word of God I haue studied rightly to vnderstand my author and haue rendred him thereafter so that hee hath lost little I hope of his beauty in the substance though peradventure comming forth in a new and vnwonted suite stripped of his ornaments of a better dialect and thrust out of his owne element he may seeme to be another and not the same I haue added a supply to some few chapters and likewise to some few points partly from other places of his owne workes where I found him more plentifull to that purpose He following the Septuagints I haue laboured as appeareth eft-soones in the margin to reconcile the same with the Hebrew Neither is the difference much betweene these being advisedly observed Melancthon out of his maturity of judgement saw it to bee so and that in the matterials they both agree Likewise acute and judicious Iunius by invincible arguments convinceth it to be so in his paraphrase The mouth of the fathers l and mirror of Antiquity next to the Primitive easily reconcileth the great difference betweene the Hebrew and Greeke texts Ion. 3.4 concerning Nineves destruction One text hath after fortie the other after 3. dayes both may bee true saith he that in the appearing of our Lord Iesus Christ sinnes might be vnderstood to be dissolved and abolished who Rom. 4.25 was delivered to death for our sinnes rose againe for our justification For the appearing of our Lord is knowne to bee both in the resurrection and ascention whereof the one was after three dayes the other after fortie Let vs not say therefore one of these to be false neither let us be litigious herein for one interpretation against another when both they which interpret out of the Hebrew doe confirme vnto us that to be written which they deliver vs and when also the authority of the Septuagints which we have commended to us by divine That miracle was that the 70. being shut vp apart by the appointment of Ptolomie Philadelph King of Egypt in so many severall celles Nihil alicujus eorum codice inventum est quod non eisdem verbis eodemque verborum ordine inveniretur in caeteris Aug. de doctr Chr. lib. 2. miracle wrought at the same time is by so great antiquity established in the churches A great number of other places and differences doth