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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14328	Via recta ad vitam longam, or A plaine philosophical discourse of the nature, faculties, and effects, of all such things, as by way of nourishments, and dieteticall obseruations, make for the preseruation of health with their iust applications vnto euery age, constitution of bodie, and time of yeare. Wherein also, by way of introduction, the nature and choice of habitable places, with the true vse of our famous bathes of Bathe is perspicuously demonstrated. By To: Venner, Doctor of Physicke, at Bathe in the spring, and fall, and at other times in the burrough of North-Petherton neere to the ancient hauen-towne of Bridgewater in Somerset-shire.; Via rectam ad vitam longam. Part 1	Venner, Tobias, 1577-1660.	1620 (1620)	STC 24643; ESTC S101771	142,320	216

liuer They inhibit the crudling of milke in the stomacke and therefore it is good to macerate them a while in milke that is to be drunken for feare lest that it should cruddle or wax sou●…e in the stomacke They notably strengthen the seminall vessels incrassate and make fruitfull the geniture especially the red garden Mint wherefore it is of speciall and singular vse in all seminall fluxes They are also of singular vse in the Stone and Strangury being boyled in wine or possets for the purpose and also in broths for besides that they dissolue and consume the crudities of the stomacke and strengthen the same they also purge the reines and vrinall passages of grosse and slimie humours The iuyce of Mints taken with the iuyce of a soure Pomegranet or with some other competent thing for the purpose effectually stayeth vomiting and scowring in the cholericke passion and also the effusion of bloud from the inward parts Mints boyled in White wine with a little vinegar added thereto and the mouth washed therwith helpeth the ill sauour of the mouth and putrefaction of the gums The dry powder of Mints taken with warme milk is a very good medicine for wormes in children or olde folkes The powder of Mint●… is also of singular efficacie against cruditie and rawnesse of the stomacke and effectuall also for most of the purposes aforesayd The often vse of Mints is hurtfull to hot and dry bodies but very profitable to the aged phlegmaticke and melancholike As Mints are appropriate to the stomacke so Bawme and Basill are to the heart Bawme is hot and dry in the second degree and Basill is likewise hot in the second degree but hath a superfluous moysture adioyned with it They are singular good especially Baulme for the heart and infirmities thereof for they strengthen the vitall spirits expell all melancholy and sadnesse and make the heart merry Bawme is also good for a moyst and colde stomacke to helpe the concoction stay vomiting and to open the obstructions of the braine It is an hearbe greatly to bee esteemed of Students for by a speciall property it driueth away heauinesse of minde sharpneth the vnderstanding and encreaseth memory Wherefore it is good to be vsed in b●…oths or eaten by it selfe in manner of a sallad with oyle and vinegar and sometimes also with Lettuce Purselane and other hearbes Basill I deeme to bee rather fit for medicine then for meat because it is of ill iuyce of hard concoction offensiue to the stomack filling both it and the belly with winde and being much eaten it is also very hurtfull to the sight But yet it is worthy to be esteemed for the sweet sauour thereof which is very comfortable to the heart and good also for the head so the braine be not weake for it causeth head-ach in such as haue weake braines by reason of the strong sauour which it hath especially being often smelled vntc Bawme is good in sallads and broths for euery age and constitution especially for the phlegmaticke and melancholike but Basill not conuenient for any Marjorame is hot and dry in the beginning of the third degree it is of thin parts and of a digesting faculty this hearbe is passing good in broths or sallads for it comforteth the stomacke and helpeth the concoction therof corroborateth the liuer and is good for the obstructi●…ns of it it also comforteth the hea●…t but especially the brain quickneth the sight and is of maruellous efficacie against all cold infirmities of the head Moreouer it prouoketh vrine and discusseth winde with much efficacie The Hearbe dryed and made into powder and any way taken doth notably comfort a cold and windy stomacke helpe the digestion strengthen the braine preuent convulsions and all infirmities of the sinewes and braine proceeding of a cold and moyst cause In a word it is an hearbe worthy to be much esteemed of all persons euen for the pleasant smell of it which to the heart and head is very comfortable The vse of Marjorame is not good for hot and cholericke bodies but for the phlegmaticke and such as haue cold stomacks and ouer-moyst and weake braines it is maruellous good and conuenient Betouie is hot and dry in the second degree it hath a cutting and attenuating facultie It taketh away obstructions of all the inward parts in a word the vertues of it are innumerable but it is cheefly good for the braine and sinewes and all infirmities proceeding from the imbecility of them The vse of it in broths or otherwise is good for euery age season and temperature but cheefly for such as haue weake and feeble braines Sage is a most wholsome hearbe hot and dry in the beginning of the third degree and of an astrictiue faculty It helpeth the concoction and discusseth winde singularly comforteth the head and braine quickneth all the senses especially the memorie and strengthneth the sinewes Wherefore the vse of it is exceeding good for such as are subiect to the palsie or trembling of the hands and all other affects of the sinewes and braine vpon a moyst cause It may be eaten in sallads or any other way vsed but in sauces with meats of moyst substance it is of singular profit for it exciteth the appetite and correcteth the superfluous moysture of the meat The often chewing of it in the mouth is very profitable to the sinewes and teeth for it strengthneth the one and preserueth the other from putrefaction The vse of Sage is very good for women with childe especially such as are subiect to abortion And out of it may be extracted c for women that are barren a remedy of excellent efficacie to make them fruitfull and apt to conceiue but yet not conuenient for all that are childlesse Sage especially the much and frequent vse therof is hurtfull in hot and dry seasons and to leane and dry bodies but very profitable to the phlegmaticke to the aged and to such as haue ouer-moyst and weake braines Rosemary is in vertue and quality much like vnto Sage for it is both hot and dry and also astringent the vse thereof is very profitable for it correcteth the superfluous moysture of meats corroborateth and raiseth vp a cold and weake stomacke discusseth winde sweetneth the breath comforteth the heart braine and sinewes quickneth the senses and memory and strengthneth the sinewie parts Wherefore it is good against the rheume and all infirmities of the head braine and sinewes proceeding of a cold and moyst cause The Conferue made of the flowers of Rosemarie and also of Sage which I wish to bee often vsed of Students especially mornings fasting and sometimes after meale doth greatly delight the braine reuiue the spirits quicken the senses comfort the heart and maketh it merry Rosemary is most accommodate for colde and moyst seasons for the aged phlegmaticke and rheumaticke Costmary and Maudline are hot and dry in the second degree they are good for a cold stomacke and liuer and

VIA RECTA AD Vitam longam OR A PLAINE PHILOSOPHICAL DISCOVRSE OF THE Nature faculties and effects of all such things as by way of nourishments and Dieteticall obseruations make for the preseruation of Health with their iust applications vnto euery age constitution of bodie and time of YEARE WHEREIN ALSO BY WAY OF Introduction the Nature and Choise of Habitable Places with the true vse of our famous BATHES of BATHE is perspicuously demonstrated BY To VENNER Doctor of Physicke at Bathe in the Spring and Fall and at other times in the Burrough of North-Petherton neere to the ancient Hauen-Towne of BRIDGEWATER in Somerset-shire LONDON Printed by Edward Griffin for Richard Moore and are to be sold at his shop in St Dunstans Church-yard in Fleet-street 1620. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE FRANCIS LORD VERVLAM LORD High Chancellour of England c. Right Honorable I Often meditating with my self to whom I should according to the ancient and well approued custome of the best learned of all ages consecrate these my labours I at length resolued in testimonie of my deuoted affections to your Honour as also in regard of the worthines and vtilitie of the subiect which is the Dieteticall part of Physicke that for preseruation of health appertaines to all men but to none as I suppose more then to your Honour who vnder his Maiestie doth cheifly weild the state of our Reipublique to commit them to your Honours protection Whereunto your benigne Nature excellent learning and singular respect towards learned men haue not a litle also encouraged me If the worke shall yeeld any manner of delight or profit to your Honour I haue my ayme and contentment The God of Heauen grant you a long and healthy life with a prosperous fruition of your Place and Dignities to his Glory your owne Comfort and the Good of his Maiesties subiects Thus referring both my self and this worke to your fauourable acceptance I in all obseruance humbly rest At your Honours seruice and command TOBIAS VENNER OF THE NATVRE AND CHOISE OF HABITABLE PLACES Whether a temperate aire be the best and wholsomest for the preseruation of life SEeing that for the continuance of life and health there is so great respect to be had of the ayre for without it we can scarcely liue a moment of time and place of habitation as of the meats we eat I therefore thought it meete to expresse by way of Introduction the knowledge of those things that demonstrate the salubritie of habitable places which is expended cheifely in three things in purnesse of the aire qualitie of the soyle and situation and wholsomnes of the water from which euery man may easily gather and conceiue of the healthfulnes of his habitation And first as concerning the ayre that is the best and wholsomest to preserue life which is subtile bright and cleare not mixt with any grosse moisture or corrupted with filthy or noysome vapors which also with calme pleasant winds for great boisterous winds are to the lungs eyes and eares hurtfull is gently moued for such aire is in substance pure in qualities temperate and therefore most wholsome But the aire that is infected with corrupt filthy vapors euaporating or breathing out of standing pooles channels or other impure places or which is so shut vp with hills or mountaines that it cannot be freely perflated and purified with the winds is not fit for preferuing of health like as neither that which is affected with too much heat or cold or suffereth often and suddaine mutations For as a pure cleare and temperate aire is good for euery age and constitution euen so impure grosse cloudie and intemperate aire is to euery age and constitution hurtfull Therefore touching the knowledge of the goodnes of the aire it must be considered that it be not vaporous moi●… or putride not too hot or too cold not ouer-moist or dry for a vaporous cloudy grosse or putride aire doth cause theumes annoy the lungs corrupt the humors infect the heart deiect the spirits and subuert the habit of the whole bodie Aire too hot doth relaxe the ioints resolue the humors and spirits cast downe the strength greatly weaken the concoction with all other functions of the vegetall facultie because it dissolueth and draweth out the naturall heat Moreouer it maketh the colour yellow because it corrupteth the bloud which rubifieth the colour and causeth choler to exceede other humors Last of all it heateth the heart with an vnnaturall heat it dissolueth wasteth and consumeth the humors and causeth them to putrifie and flow to the concauities and weake parts of the bodie and therefore it is not agreeable to healthy bodies Notwithstanding it is auaileable for ouer cold moist hydropicke and paraliticke bodies and such as are affected with the crampe proceeding of too much cold and moistu●…e But aire temperately hot doth maintaine the naturall heat confirme the strength and maketh all the operations of the bodie more liuely it is very comfortable and agreeable to euery constitution Aire too cold is of a congelatiue power and therefore weakneth the sinewes and greatly hurteth the braine breedeth catarrhes and asthmaes and extinguisheth the naturall heat especially in weake bodies by congealing the substantiall moisture thereof and consequently it being not able to actuate as it ought putrifieth It is lesse hurtfull nay sometimes profitable to bodies that are exceeding hot and to sound bodies it is more conuenient and agreable then aire that is ouer hot But aire meanely cold is healthfull because it impelleth the naturall heate into the inner parts and so causeth a strong digestion prouoketh the appetite and maketh all the hidden operations of nature more effectuall For such a coldnesse is proportionably contrary to the naturall heate by reason whereof the naturall and genuine heate is by an Antiperistasis fortified and the digestion which is the roote of life confirmed Aire too moist such as is commonly in marish low places is to all bodies most hurtfull because it too much lenifieth and moistneth the bodie and filleth it with excrementall humors and causeth distillations the very roote almost of all diseases of the braine and sinewes as cramps palsies c. with paines in the ioints and to speake all in a word a generall torpiditie both of minde and bodie But that aire which is meanely moist especially in the summer time is agreable to most complexions for it maketh a good colour softneth the skin and openeth the pores whereby is caused the better difflation and discussion of vaporous superfluities but yet it somewhat maketh the humors prone to putrefaction This aire verily is very agreable to bodies of a dry constitution but vnto other by reason that it soone causeth putrefaction of humors it is far lesse conuenient A dry aire is contrary vnto this and it is most agreable to moist constitutions Now these things which I haue hitherto declared concerning the election of aire being considered

way to clarifie it is to put vnto it a litle water and so to boyle it and scum it so long as any froth ariseth for by this meanes the tartnesse and flatulent moysture of it is for the most part taken away and consequently becommeth a more wholesome medicinable nourishment That is the best honie which is hard in the vessell and curded like sugar and which is also of a true and delectable sweetnes of good smell and of a cleare yellowish colour or if it shall be of a whitish colour so that none of the said notes of goodnesse be wanting in it it is neuer the worse New honie is better then olde because some of the moysture of it is in continuance consumed whereupon it becommeth more dry and tarte in taste Sugar is temperately hot and moyst of a detersiue facultie and good for the obstructions of the breast and lungs but it is not so strong in operation against phlegme as honie And here it may be demanded whether Sugar or Honie be the better Wherevnto I answer that Sugar is generally more wholsome then Honie for it is of a better temperature of pleasanter taste not so fulsome as Honie and therefore more acceptable to the stomack and consequently farre better for sauce and nourishment It may be giuen in feuers because it doth not inflame the bodie nor so soone turne into choler as honie doth and to conclude all in a word Sugar agreeth with all ages and all complexions but contrariwise Honie anoyeth many especially those that are cholerick or full of winde in their bodies Onely Honie is better for them that haue very cold and moyst stomacks and that haue their breasts stuffed with phlegme Water and fine Sugar onely brewed togither is very good for hot cholericke and dry bodies that are affected with phlegme in their breast for through the coldnes and moysture of it it excellently tempereth the heate and siccitie of the breast and stomack and cleareth them of phlegme Sugar by how much the whiter it is by so much the purer and wholsomer it is which is euident by the making and refining of it It is made much after the same manner and forme as white salt is The Sugar is nothing else but the iuyce of certaine Canes or Reedes which is extracted by boyling them in water euen after the same manner and fashion as they doe Salt This first extracted Sugar is grosse and of red colour it is hot and dry somewhat tart in taste and of a detersiue facultie by longer boyling it becommeth hard which we call Red Sugar Candie which is only good in glysters for to clense and irritate the expulsiue facultie This grosse reddish Sugar is againe mixed with water and boyled and commeth to be of an whitish colour lesse hot more moyst and more acceptable to the taste and stomacke This kinde of second Sugar we call common or kitchin Sugar This being the third time diluted and decocted is of an excellent temperament most white and of a singular pleasant taste this is the best purest and wholsomest Sugar which giueth a grace vnto whatsoeuer it be mixed And this by rather boyling becommeth hard and of a resplendent white colour which we commonly call White Sugar Candie this is the best Sugar for diseases of the breast for it is not altogither so hot as the other Sugar and is also somewhat of a more pure and subtile moysture Wherefore it excellently asswageth and moystneth the asperitie and siccitie of the tongue mouth throat and winde-pipe and is very good for a dry cough and other infirmities of the lungs it is most accommodate for all hot and dry constitutions There are diuers kinds of mixt sauces deuised composed by the skill of Cookes to oblectate the pallate and throat to excite the appetite and to adde a grace vnto bad meats which of ingurgitating belly-gods are greatly esteemed But I aduise all such as are respectiue of their health to refraine the vse of all confused saucs or to be very circumspect not onely in the vse of them because they allure the stomacke to a gluttenous taking of meate but also in the choise of them for they onely are wholsome that are somewhat of a soure taste by putting to them a conuenient quantitie of vinegar veriuce or of the iuyce of Orenges or Limmons But let temperate men and such as are studious of their health content themselues with the simpler kinds of sauces because they are for the stomacke and health of the bodie most conuenient Whether Cinnamon be the best and wholesomest of all spices CInnamon is hot and dry in the third degree and of an excellent aromaticall substance for fragrancie of smell and iucunditie of taste it excelleth all other spices it strengthneth the stomacke preuenteth and correcte●…h putrefaction of humors resisteth poysons exceedingly comforteth the principall parts especially the heart and liuer and reviueth the spirits It also openeth obstructions and strengthneth the retentiue facultie of all the parts by drying vp and consuming the crude and excrementall moysture It is conuenient for all bodies especially for them that are of cold and moyst temperature and that haue weake stomacks but the ouer-much vse of it is hurtfull to such as are by constitution cholericke Of one pound of Cinnamon grossely bearen a pound of white Sugar a gallon of Sacke and a quart of Rosewater steeped togither 24 houres is drawne by distillation a water of singular efficacie against sowning debilitie of the spirits and principall parte Wherefore I wish euery man that is respectiue of his health and life especially such as are of weake nature neuer to be without it and to take now and then a spoonfull or two especially when occasion shall instant the vse of it Next vnto Cinnamon for goodnes and aromaticall substance are Cloues they are hot and dry in the third degree they are not of so penetrating a force as Cinnamon but more drying they consume and dissolue crude and windie humors comfort and corroborate all the principall parts of the bodie especially the stomack heart excite Venus helpe the concoction discusse winde make the breath sweet stay vomiting and fluxes of the belly proceeding of a cold cause or weaknes of the retentiue facultie And as they are very good for a weake cold and windie stomacke so are they also for a liuer collapsed by cold They are very profitable for the aged for such as are phlegmaticke and subiect to rheumes especially in the winter but the often and much vse of them is hurtfull vnto cholericke and dry bodies Nutmeg and Mace are of one and the same facultie they are hot and dry in the second degree somewhat of an astringent facultie they strengthen the stomacke especially the Mace they comfort the braine and animall faculties especially the Nutmeg they stay seminall fluxes and are good for cold vterine affects especially the Nutmeg they discusse

winde and inhibit fluxes of the belly proceeding from a cold cause or weaknes of the retentiue facultie They are good for olde cold and phlegmaticke bodies but the much vse of them by reason of their dry temperature and astrictiue facultie is hurtfull to cholerick and melancholick constitutions and them that haue costiue bellies Nutmegs preserued in Sugar as soone as they be taken from the tree are of a very pleasant and delightsome taste and of most profitable vse for comforting of the stomack and braine to be eaten now and then especially in the mornings fasting and presently after meales and because they are of a lesse drying and binding facultie they are very good for euery state and constitution of bodie Wherefore I aduise all those that haue weake stomacks and that liue a studious kinde of life neuer to be without them that they may take of them at their pleasure All the sorts of Pepper are hot and dry in the height of the third degree if not in the beginning of the fourth they are of an heating and resoluing facultie they excite the appetite comfort the stomacke helpe the concoction and all cold diseases of the breast and stomacke by concocting dissipating exiccating and expelling crude and flatuous humors they also strongly heat the sinewes and muscles and all cold parts The round blacke Pepper is in greatest vse for sauce and seasonings of meats It must be moderately vsed for otherwise by reason of the acrimonious heat that it hath it will quickly inflame the bowels adure the bloud and consume the genitall seede By reason of the tenuitie of its substance it must be but grossely beaten that the heat thereof may longer continue and operate in the stomacke for being smally beaten it will make lesser stay in the stomacke and mesaraick veines and by reason of the penetrating force of it sooner ouer-heat and dry the liuer prouoke vrine in flame the bloud and the reines It is a spice most conuenient for cold moist and grosse meats for cold and moist seasons for the aged for the phlegmaticke for them that haue cold weake and windie stomacks and that are subiect to distillations But to hot cholericke and dry bodies the much or often vse thereof is very hurtfull especially in hot and dry seasons Ginger is the roote of a certaine plant growing in Barbarie and other hot countries being greene and newly digged vp it is hot in the third degree and moyst in the first but when it is growne dry because that the moysture of it is consumed it is dry in the second degree if not in the third it is of an heating and digesting quality but it heateth with a more durable heat then pepper doth and therefore it is more conuenient for a cold and moyst stomacke for which it is of singular efficacie it discusseth winde helpeth the digestion and consumeth crude and phlegmaticke humours It is very profitable for the aged such as are phlegmaticke and full of crude flatulent moysture in their stomacks especially in cold and moyst seasons but the vse of it is not so good in hot seasons nor for them that are by constitution cholericke because the often and much vse of it will enflame and distemper hot and dry bodies The greene roots preserued which wee commonly call greene ginger or ginger condite are of pleasant taste very good to be eaten often times especially mornings fasting of them that haue weake stomacks and bad memories and that are subiect vnto rheumes for they greatly comfort the stomacke and head and are also very accommodate for all the purposes aforesayd Wherefore the vse of them is for old men and Students most profitable They also increase the geniture They are preserued two wayes either in a syrupe of sugar or couered ouer and incrustated according to art with sugar which wee commonly call Candied Ginger this is best for them that be very phlegmatick and rheumatick and that haue very cold and moyst stomacks because they are of a more exiccating nature but the Ginger that is preserued in syrupe is more conuenient for all other bodies and for the two purposes last aboue recited because it drieth not as the candied ginger doth but is rather hot and moyst in quality by reason of a substantiall moysture that it receiueth from the syrupe wherein it is preserued The roots that are preserued in syrupe while they be fresh greene and full of iuyce are of soft and tender substance and of a most pleasant taste whereby you may detect the fraud of them that boyle the dry Ginger to make it soft and afterward put it into a syrupe and sell it for greene condite Ginger for it is somewhat blackish tough and hard in biting and not so delectable in taste Saffron is hot in the second degree and dry in the first the moderate vse of it wonderfully refresheth comforteth strengthneth and exhilarateth the heart for there is so great societie betwixt it and the heart that it is without delay carried thither and for that cause it is mixed with all cardiacall medicines It expelleth and preserueth from all pestilentiall infections it openeth the obstructions of the liuer and gall and is therefore good against the yellow Iaundise it prouoketh the menstruall courses and birth and therfore women with childe must carefully shun the vse of it it also dilateth the breast openeth the obstruction of the lungs and is for them that bee short and thicke breathed the last and greatest remedie But if it bee not moderately vsed and that in very small quantity at a time it is hurtfull and dangerous for it causeth the head-ach and offendeth the braine and senses by sending vp sharpe fumes it also deiecteth the appetite and causeth faintnesse by too much relaxing the hearr and pouring out the spirits OF FRVITS ROOTS and HEARBES that serue for meat and are vsually eaten SECT VII Whether new fruits eaten raw yeeld any wholsome or prositable nourishment to the bodie ALthough all new fruits that abound with moysture as most doe may seeme to be iudged vnwhosome to be eaten raw by reason that they fill the body with crude and waterish humours that dispose the bloud vnto putrefaction yet the moderate and tempestiue vse of them may be very good and profitable for such as vse to heat and dry their bodies with great labour and exercise for all hot constitutions especially for the cholericke because they extinguish thirst coole and moysten the body and represse the vehement heat and ebullition of choler But to the phlegmatick and such as haue crude stomacks all raw fruits especially those that abound with moysture are greatly hurtfull as heereafter shall bee particularly demonstrated And here before I begin to discourse of alimentary simples I will aduertise the Reader somwhat for his better vnderstanding concerning the fouredegrees of qualities that Physicians constitute and define to be in Simples as those are sayd to be hot or cold