Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	brain_n	part_n	spirit_n	1,451	5	5.2508	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05313	The touchstone of complexions generallye appliable, expedient and profitable for all such, as be desirous & carefull of their bodylye health : contayning most easie rules & ready tokens, whereby euery one may perfectly try, and throughly know, as well the exacte state, habite, disposition, and constitution, of his owne body outwardly : as also the inclinations, affections, motions, & desires of his mynd inwardly / first written in Latine, by Leuine Lemnie ; and now Englished by Thomas Newton.; De habitu et constitutione corporis. English	Lemnius, Levinus, 1505-1568.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607.	1576 (1576)	STC 15456; ESTC S93449	168,180	353

exercise and such also as be of nature able to cutte and attenuate grosse and clammie Humours to dispell wyndinesse and suffer little or no Phlegmaticke excrementall Humour at all to rest within the body for by these not onely the bodye but the mynde also is caryed away and by affections shrewdlye mysseledde Preseruatiues and helpes for the Memorie with meanes and wayes to remoue and take away all inconueniences harmes and hindraunces thereof The iiij Chapter FOrasmuch as both the distemperature that is Cold Moyst and that also which is Colde and Dry growing into excesse and drawinge into extremitie oppresseth and deadly woundeth the Memory I haue thought good into this worke to inserte and enterlace some such notes as maye serue to the furtheraunce thereof and preseruatiō of it from all such myssehappes harmes and discōmodities as in any wyse threaten thereunto annoyaunce And howe the same is to be done and brought to passe I purpose compendiouslye by the way to declare sythens not to Studentes only but to al sorts of men in general it shal be a thing right expedient and profitable For al the actions and dealinges either publike or priuate which a man taketh in hand and enterpryseth all his affayres cogitations deuyses meditations cares purposes and studyes all labour and industry the is taken for doing and speaking wherin is any exercise at all of the minde cānot be brought aboute and accomplished withoute the helpe of Memorie For in this Treasure the speciallest chiefest parte of reason vnderstāding and iudgment resteth and out of it as out of a moste rich and plentifull Storehouse is fetched and taken a cōplete furniture of most hiddē and farre fetched matters Which power and vertue of Memory if it further helpe vs not as a faythfull maintener and keeper of the things which wee deuise ymagine and learne all be it neuer so precious excellent goeth to wrack and is raked vp in obliuion The proper and peculiar place assigned allotted for Memorie is the Braine the mansion dwelling house of wit and all the Senses which being affected or by anye distēperature discrased all the functions and offices of nature are semblably passioned insomuch that wit reason vnderstāding and iudgement being once empayred aud diminished there steppeth in place Sottage forgetfulnes amazednesse dotage folishnes lacke of right wits doltishnes idiocie Which affects imperfections may happen to mē many wayes as by some blow or wound in the head by some rupture or cracking of the Skull by some fall or cōtuston by pestilent diseases maladies which of the contagion of Ayre on eche syde enclosinge vs inspyreth infection into our bodyes and besyde externall accidentes which sometime cannot well be auoyded there bee some harmes which through our owne wilfulnes and disorder wee heape vppon our selues incurring thereby much inconuenience and these be Surphettes Drunkennes Gluttonie vnseasonable watchinge meates colde and Phelgmaticke immoderate vse of Venery and carnall company wyth Womē thereby the quicknes of witte is blunted and waxeth dull Reason Vnderstanding and Iudgement dymmed and the strength of nature in many so weakened and enfeebled that in three dayes space or more after vneth is it able to recouer the vigour lusty plight wherin it was before And not this discommodity alone but certaine other sicklie and foule affections insurge therevpon no lesse pernicious to the mind then daungerous to the body vtterlye ouerthrowinge oppressing and ruinating the power Memoratyue For euen as toomuch drynes of the brayne gotten through excessiue surphet lacke of expediente foode and Venerie is very hurtful to Memory because that quality is nothing apte to take anye impressions or fourmes of thinges for drynes hardnes taketh no printes nor Images so also toomuch moysture proceding of ydlenes slouth immoderat sleepe moyst meats quight destroy drowne Memory Moysture in deede is more capable wil soner take the print formes of things but by reasō of softnes the same taryeth not but passeth away agayne euen as stāpes or Seales being affixed and imprinted into substance or matter that is toomoyst liquide and fluible maketh therin no stampe forme or print but such as presētly fleeteth and immediatly vanisheth awaye agayne Forasmuch therefore as the vertue and power Memoratiue consisteth in a sure faythful and stedfast keeping and conseruation of Images it foloweth that the same in Childrē and in as many others as haue moyst Braynes is weak nothing retentiue Old folkes also haue the same imbecillity and forgetfulnes and the reason is because their braynes be so cold and dry that nothinge is able to enter or fyrmelye to bee imprynted therein and for these causes both sortes of them be obliuious and nothinge Memoratyue For of this as also of all the inward senses the power and facultie is according to the temperature of the Brayne For oute of the grosse substance of that part or whē the Spyrits and Humours therein be grosse thicke and wyth manye vapours pestered proceedeth Obliuion slownes to vnderstande hardnes to conceyue Againe of a moyst Brayne that is too liquide commeth forth a dul or blunt sense and a Memory nothing retentyue but sonne forgetting And a dry Constitutiō of the Brayne maketh a very weake and ill memory by reason that it wil not easely admit anye impression euen like vnto a piece of Leade Yron or Steele which will not easelye suffer the poynte of anye engrauinge Toole to enter and pearce into it A good stedfast and fryme Memory therefore is to be referred vnto the disposition and temperature of the Brayne this power of the minde is ascribed to the benefite of Nature but yet so that it may be holpē and maynteyned in his perfect state by Arte and if perhaps it decay or take harme yet through care industry it may againe be restored And therfore special care must be employed and great diligence taken that the bodye may in perfect health and sound constitution be preserued that moderatiō both in life and diet be vsed always within the compasse of temperaūce and frugality that y meate be exactly concocted that the mynde be in peaceable tranquillitye and free from troublesome affections that no myssehappe betyde to disturbe and dimme the same for lustynesse of body mynde holesomnes of Ayre temperature of the Brayne perfect Constitution of all the Sēses the Spyrits both Animal Vital which proceede of y Humours being cleare and syncere bee greate helpers most auayleable preseruatyues for the maintenaunce of Memory For by these it happeneth that all the faculties of the Soule among which Memory is chiefe be fresh and perfect that nothing of al that which we eyther by view of eye cogitation witte learning or meditation conceyue slippeth oute of our remembraunce Yea many thinges that were thought to be cleane forgottē and cancelled with obliuion be reuiued as fresh in Memory seeme to the eye

and quality of the ayre or region be very hoate it likewyse bringeth forth and causeth hoate and quicke motions yet such as by reason of their tenuitie and thinnesse by litle litle wil be cooled And this is the cause that some of them when their bloud is vp will rashlye and vnaduisedlye attempte any thinge and not eare for any perills so they may bring to passe what their desire is to compasse Also when they conceiue in minde the doing of any thing as they be at the beginninge marueylous wilful tooto heady with mighte main to set forward their purpose hardly admitting anye counsel to the contrary so againe their minds many times be wauering vnstedfast and vnquiet except their inclinacions by the reyne of reason be the better bridled Their fickle and vnstedie heades novv this novv that deuise They flote in fancie to and fro and vvrangle sondry vvise Which thinge is commonly incident to angry persons and such as be desyrous of reuenge and to suche also as haue somewhere fixed their loue inordinately whose minds flootinge and ballancinge vp and downe with varietie of phantasies are easely and quickly caryed hither and thyther by affection neyther stedfast nor aduysedly resoluing vppon any certaine resolution But this Countrye borne people if they earnestly frame themselues to the attaynemente of anye Artes though the same be neuer so hard and curious yet do they profite in the same wonderfully cary away great commendation Such as haue thinne spirites temperatelye hoate haue sharpe and ready wittes and prompt and flowing vtteraunce vppon whom also these gifts of nature are bestowed that for deuyse and inuention they be very sharpe and ingenious for braue settinge oute and beautifyinge of a matter plentyfull and copious and suche as for the explayning of their meaninges and purposes haue talke and tongue at will. And as touching the inward inclination of their mindes and maners they be liuely felowes lusty dapper nimble lackinge no grace of pleasaunte gesture Manye of them which lacke good bringing vp and haue not beene trayned in learning and ciuilitie are of disposition wauering vnconstant captious deceitfull falseharted destrous of alterations and tumultes babblatiue and full of muche vaine tattling in consultacion and counsell so suttle and craftie that whatsoeuer they once conceyue in mynde or purpose to do without delay that do they iudge best forthwith to be enterprysed out of hande to be atchieued and whereunto so euer they addict their mindes therin proue they right excellente Seing therefore the diuersitie of spirits and the differences of wittes and maners proceedeth of the condition and nature of the Place Ayre Countrey and nourishmente let euery man foresee in himself which way he may best prouide for the maintenaunce of his health and to shunne all such thinges as may in any wise harme annoye crushel or empaire either his health or Spirits It is therefore most expediente to obserue the best order of diet and life that conueniently maye be folowed and to liue in the holesommest ayre For these be the things that restore health when it is decayed or empaired and which make the Spirites most pure and syncere For if the bodye do abounde and be full of ill humours if the Spirites bee vnpure and the brayne stuffed full of thicke fumes proceedinge of humours the bodye and Soule consequentlye cannot but suffer hurte and bee thereby likewise damnifyed Hence proceedeth as from the verye cause such rauing dotage distraughtnes of righte witts hence issueth blockishnes foolishnes madnes and furie in so much that they thinck sometimes to see those thinges that are not before their senses to see and to heare suche woordes as no man speaketh For imaginatiō in them is marred common sense which iudgeth and discerneth all thinges is preiudiced memorye decayed sighte dymmed their eyes dazelled and all the faculties of the Soule that is to saye all the naturall powers whereby it accomplisheth all his functiōs are enfeebled perfourme their offices duties and operations both faintly and remissely But if the Spirite animall be perfectly pure ayrie such as is the sent of Bloud exactlye laboured not onely the sight of their eyes is cleare and good but all the other Senses both external and internall are perfecte and perfourme their functions and ministeries orderlye duelie and conueniently ¶ Of the Spirit vniuersall generally inspired into the whole world all the parts therof Which being from God aboue breathed put into man infuseth and endueth his minde wyth speciall and peculiar giftes And by the waye also in this Chapter is entreated of good and ill Angells which being entermingled with the humours spirites cause sondry chaūges and mutations in mens minds The thirde Chapter THat power of the Spirite which is infused and breathed by God aboue into these lower bodyes is it that disposeth and moueth this frame and masse of the world fostereth strēgtheneth and cheerisheth all that is wythin the compasse and coape of Heauen conteyned stretchinge and extendinge his force farre and wyde For why this gouerneth and ruleth all thinges maketh all thinges fruitfull and vnto the same imparteth vitall heate Neyther is there anye cause why a man should thinck or perswade himself that there is any other power able to do these things then that Spirite by whom from the very beginninge the world and all such thinges as are visiblie seene wyth the eyes and sensiblie perceyued by the sences were brought into so comely and beautiful order For by the VVord of the Lord vvere al things made and by the breath of his mouth al the comlynes beautie and furniture thereof For he doth maintayne and strēgthen al thinges and giueth povver vnto euerye thinge to encrease and multiplye in their ovvne kinde and to maintayne and conserue themselues Thus the wonderfull Creatour of Nature by his word and Spirite put into all thinges y were created a power precreatorie the order of their encreasinge propagation for continuaunce of theyr kinde posteritie and succession y is to witte the Spirite of GOD beinge diffused into euery Creature susteyneth and maynteyneth Plantes and all liuing creatures aswell man as beasts by whom they liue and haue their beinge There is nothinge therefore in the whole worlde but it feeleth the strong power of God is satisfyed wyth the plenteousnes and fulnesse therof For when Heaūe and Earth were made and the first Elemēts that is the first beginnings of things constituted The Spirite of God moued vppon the waters that is to saye made moyste and liquide matter otherwyse barreyne to be fruitefull The very meaning of which saying Basill surnamed the Greate did verye well and liuelye expound in these woordes The Spirit of GOD sayth hee moued vpon the top or vpper face of the water That is to say did nourish and giue a vitall fruitfulnes and a quickeninge Soule to the moyste Element and to all other

being otherwyse so wōderfully seuere and crabbed yet at the wyne was so pleasaunt and conceiptuous hee merelye aunswered that he was like to a kinde of Pulse called Lupines Which kinde of Pulse although they be naturally bitter and by their bitternes of force to kill wormes yet the same being steeped soaked in water renounce and leaue all bitternes and become both sweete pleasaunt And this is naturally giuen to all men that when the body is refreshed wyth meate and drinck al bitternes sorrow and heauines is expelled and banished For the Spirites by moderate drinking of wyne are styrred vppe and the mind of man which in them that be fasting and hungry is faynt weake and like vnto fier raked ouer wyth ashes almost quenched is reuyued And this is the cause why a dead body is heauier thē a lyuing because all his Spirites are vanished and departed out of him and so likewyse is a fasting persō heauier then one that hath filled his belly and one that slepeth waightier then one that watcheth And therfore my fashion is to aduise and counsell Melācholique folkes and sullen natured personnes to vse banquetting and good cheere amonge honest and mery cōpany For thus after Plato wryteth the Poet. Euen olde Dan Catoes stomacke oft By vvyne vvas made to come aloft Which man although churlish sterne frowning yet did wyne so much driue away his naturall seueritye and grimme countenaunce that amonge the other guestes he became a pleasaunte companion and of manners very gentle and familiar For this worthy Gentleman although otherwise he was a very precise comptroller and of Stoicall grauity perceyued wel ynough that mās nature required som relaxatiōs delights and that it may not lōg cōtinue wythout som myrth pleasaunt recreation Let therefore euery man take surueigh of himself and serch out what his nature most desitreth in what state his body stādeth what thinge it is that he feeleth himselfe to be holpen and what to be offended wythall And if he finde the plighte and state of his bodye to be in equability and perfect temperatenes it shal be good to cheerishe and preserue it wyth his like but if it shrinck from his sayd temperate habite and decline to an intēperatenes then had it neede to be holpen and recured wyth his contraryes Thus if a man throughe aboundance of humours and stoare of bloude and Spirites feele himselfe prone to carnalitie and fleshlye luste let him by altering his order diet enioyne to himselfe a more strict ordinary frame his dealings to a more stayed moderation But if hee feele himselfe to bee of nature somewhat sulleyne and sterne giuē somwhat to be wayward whyning testye churlishe and intractable then reason wylleth suche a one to bee reclaymed to an order and trade of life gentler and pleasaunter insomuch it shall not be ill for such a one to frequent daūcing singing womens flatteryes alluremēts and embracings prouided alwayes that all the same be not otherwyse done nor ment but in honestye and comelines wythin a reasonable measure also within the bounds of lawfull wedlock For the state of Matrimony as Columella aduoucheth out of Xenophōs booke of Household is in such sorte appoynted by nature that in it is conteyned not onely the pleasaūtest but also the profitablest societye of life And least mankinde in processe of tyme should come to an vtter ruine and decay it pleased God by this lawfull meanes to ioyne man and woman together that of theyr inseperable combinacion the state of man should might by mutual helpe one of an other be eased and cōforted and that beside the loue and desire that they haue to bring furth children they mighte be tyed and bound together equally and indifferentlye to participate all fortune whatsoeuer shoulde betyde But for so much as approued and skilfull mē that haue written bookes for the mayntenaunce of mens health generally doe specially set downe these three principall thinges To eate moderately and leaue somevvhat vvith an appetite To vse conuenient exercise And to liue continently vvithout vvastinge seede of generation I take it to be the best waye to reduce the whole substaunce of the matter mayntenaūce of health to this prescribed rule and direction For seing that measurable repaste and feeding all surphet and glotony being banished maketh a sound body seing I say exercise by shaking of all drow tsinesse and slouth maketh the bodye stronge and liuely then no more but harkē what a short lessō Virgill giueth for the other No better vvaye the strength of minde And povvers thereof still to maintaine Then Venus play and Loue so blinde To shunne and vvarely to refrayne ¶ Of the nature and differences of Spirits what they worke in mans body and what affections they cause The second Chapter FOrasmuche as the Spirite is the originall maintener and conueigher of naturall heate whereunto moysture necessarilye adhereth that the Soule by the mynisterye and ayde thereof perfourmeth her powers and faculties and atchieueth all her actions it is requisite here next to discourse vpon it and vppon all the differences thereof For seinge there be three especiall thinges in whose temperature and moderation the health of mans body doth prīcipally cōsist vz. vitall moysture naturall heate Spirite which combineth all thinges and imparteth his force vertue nature vnto them our present purpose being considered we cannot by order choose but of necessity must presētly somwhat speake therof Vitall moysture is the nourishmente and matter of naturall heate whereupon it woorketh and by the benefite therof is maintayned and preserued With this Humour or vitall moysture is naturall heate fed and cheerished and from the same receyueth continuall mayntenaunce and from it participateth vitall power whereby all Creatures do liue are nourished encreased preserued procreated Spirite is the seate and caryer of Heate by whose helpe and mynisterye it is conueyed and sente by the conduites and passages of the Arteryes to euery seuerall part of the bodye Wherefore worthyly is this Spirite thought to be the chiefe and principal Instrument that procureth and executeth euery action These three do vnseperably cleaue together mutuallye helpe one an other and cannot be sundered wythout present death of the party and for this cause do wee thus in one definition expresse conclude and comprehend theyr force and nature wythin one definition Naturall heat is nothīg els but an originall humour wyth vitall spirite and heate totally moystened But forasmuch as Spirite conteyneth vitall heate and is of all the faculties ruler and directer spredeth it self most swiftly throughoute the whole body caryeth and extendeth his powers into euery part thereof vniuersally besyde this doth manifestly chaūge and alter the state both of body and minde therefore as the rest require great labour and diligēce vpon them to be bestowed so specially vpon this is the chiefest care to be takē to restore mayntein

and cheerish it For if it be sincere and pure not mingled wyth anye straunge or forrayne quality it causeth tranquillity of minde frameth maners in good order fashiō and finally qualifyeth and calmeth all affections The minde of man to honestie it frames And vvith the loue of vertuous life enflames But if it be any whitte infected or wyth anye vyce soyled then is the quietnes of the minde disturbed and stirred to manye inconuenient enormities For as great blustering wynds vppon the Sea and Lande cause greeuous terrible and raginge tempestes and much other harme to ensue So likewyse if the Spirites be disquieted oute of frame they ingender and procure diuers sortes of affections in the minde carye the same mauger all reason like a shippe wythout guide and Rother vppon the rockes of sondry inconueniences Now the thinges wherewyth our inwarde Spirites are moste dulled quenched and damnifyed are these fulsome Ayre ouermuich carnal copulation vnseasonable watching excessiue heate chafing and labour longe fasting heauines of the minde and sadnesse Accordinge to that saying of the wyse man A mery hart maketh a lustie age but a sorovvfull Spirit dryeth vp the bones Heauinesse bringeth olde age before the times and carefulnes vveareth avvaye a mans dayes But quiet and seasonable sleepe good pure wel relished wyne meery company moderate exercise sweete sinelles and fragraunt sauours refreshe the Spirits quicken and reuiue them yea being dulled and greatly impayred Which is euident to be seene in such as falling into traūces and lying for a time as dead yet by the smell of sweete sauours are broughte againe and recouered into theyr former state For seinge that the Spirite is a certayne vapour effluence or expyratiō proceding out of the humours it standeth vs vppon to vse the moste exquiste diet that may be to th end that the meates and nourishmēts being laboured into good holesome iuyce may make the Spirits pure syncere and perfect And thus sweete ayre pleasaūt sentes deuoyd of grosse and fustie vapours strykinge vp into the brayne do marueylously comfort and clarifye the instruments of the Senses and enable them to do perfourme al theyr proper actions And although the Heart in a mā be as the Wel spring or fountaine from whom the Spirits are deriued because the Arteryes come from it euen as synewes from the Brayne and veynes from the Lyuer yet notwithstanding accordinge to the diuersitye and nature of the place they are called by other names and haue other powers appropriate vnto them Of these and al other faculties reigning in man the principall and oryginall beginning is at the very principles and beginninge of generation to witte generatiue seede and femynine bloude which be afterwarde conserued and maynteyned by nourishmentes euen as the flame is wyth oyle and out of these the Spirits proceede For the better vnderstāding of all which things I will particularly set downe the procreation of the Spirits wyth theyr nature power differēce and effectes beginninge first at the powers and faculties natural For by theyr office is it brought to passe that the meate we eate is concocted turned into the nourishmēt of the body Also ther be foure vertues whereby all lyuing Creatures wyth meate receyued are nourisshed encreased The first attractiue the secōd retentiue the third digestiue and the fourth expulsiue To wich vertues or powers appendant and belonging to all the parts of the body the first chiefe originall of the Spirites oughte to be referred For first assoone as the meate is mynced chawed wyth the teeth it descēdeth into the stomack beinge thither attracted then digested and made substantiall and turned to the proper nourishmēt and encrease of the member And such part or porcion thereof as serueth not to this vse it refuseth and reiecteth Here therefore the Spirite hath his first beginning And if nature be good stronge in this office of digestion it happeneth thereby that the Spirites be made pure cleare and syncere but if concoction bee hindred or any other distemperatnes happen thē is the meate altered and chaunged into vaporous belchinge stinking fumes and fulsome breathing which ascending vp out of the stomack disturbe and hurt the brayne and minde insomuche y such persons are easely quicklye prouoked to brawlinge chiding strife and dissention For when the Humours be not sufficiently and ynough concoted and attenuate vnpure Spirites proceede out of them enforcing a manifest alteration of the state aswell of the body as of the minde And therefore in anye wyse cruditie is to be auoyded because it maketh ill humours troubled Spirits aswell of meates of good iuyce as of those y are bad albeit the diseases engendred by want of concoction of meates hurtfull bee worse and of more daunger For they cause loathsome smelles and fulsome belchings and make the body to breake oute illfauourably in euerye place wyth scabbes botches blaynes and mangmesse For when there is aboundance of humours in the body it cānot be chosē but Agues must nedes bee engendred of that continuall obstruction and putrefaction and stoare of diseases muste needes spring oute thereof vnlesse those excrementes by continual labour and conuenient exercise be purged and the humours reduced into good bloud For then a sweete pleasaūt sente proceding therout comforteth the head and tempereth and connenientlye moysteneth the brayne Otherwyse if concoction be troubled there do strike vp into the head grosse fumie vapours such as by exāple we see greene woode to make that is smered and couered ouer wyth pitch and talowe And hereupon it happeneth that the minde sometime conceyueth straunge and absurde imaginations yea sometimes falleth into dotage rauing madnesse phrensie melancholy furie or some other distemperaunce But if the Stomacke do his parte and office throughly if concoction be not altogether hindered and that the passages aboute the Lyuer and the other partes of the body do giue free passge to the humours then the vaspours ascēding vp into the head are nothing so hurtfull neyther do they greatlye disturbe and trouble the inward minde and yet is not a man altogether cleare and free from affections but they be such I saye as hee hath in his owne power easely to qualifye stay and inhibite Naturall Spirite therefore beinge made of the purest alimente in the Lyuer is the beginninge of the residue For by it is the vitall spirite and the animall also nourished insomuch that the power or facultie animall vseth the spirit natural as an instrument to these great affections and motions whereunto retecting and litle regarding right reason we are many times prouoked For euen as in a ciuill tumulte and sedicious vprore among the common people the Magistrate hath much ado to appease and mollifye the wilfull peoples rage and headinesse so likewise reason is not able easely to subdue the lewd affections and vnbrydled motions that grow by immoderate gurmandyze surphet and dronkennesse

maketh all the body Yelowe as a Kytes foote and coloured like Saffron or as Syluer that is stroaked ouer with Gold. And if the small and slender Gutts be therewith teinted it putteth a man to intollerable torment payne This passion is called Iliaca Passio the wrynginge of the Gutts and also Conuoluulum for that the Guttes do seeme to puckar and crūple together like the string of an Harpe or any other Instrument This disease commeth either of an inflammation or of costyuenes when the ordure is drye hard parched and no sufficiente stoare of Cholerique Humour to expel scowre awaye the Excrements So if the vpper part of the Gutt be affected the meate is caste vp if the neither ordure auoydeth at the mouthe by reason that the Tuell or foundment is so closely shut that not so much as a poore fyest can passe or get out thence Manye affects besyde doth Choler engender as Tertian and burning Agues when as it putrefyeth without the Veynes which because they be largely and diligently set out in sundry Bookes of Phisicke by many sundry learned Phisitians published I thincke it best here to surceasse from anye further recitall and declaration thereof But I purpose now briefly by the way to shew the nature and cōditions of a Hoat and dry Cōplexion then of a Cholericke person finallye by what markes and tokens they are to be perceyued discerned found out and knowen And first to speake of the outwarde signes A body of this Constitution is hoat slender leane musculous of decēt bignesse and meane stature and although some be of growth and talnes but smal litle yet are they liuely daper quicke ●ymble and as litle Bees euer stirrynge and whyskinge about And VVithin that litle Corps of theirs right noble Stomackes haue Of colour they be brownish aburne or somewhat ruddie specially whē their angry moode is vp or their bodyes chaufed and set in heate wyth exercyse some be pale or yelowish Their skinne rough their arteries and Veynes bigge and apparaunt not lying hidden vnder the flesh theyr Vryne redde saffron coloured or bright yelowe according to the proportion of Choler and heate Their Pulse quicke and swyft as also their gate and maner of going is Their tongue rolling at pleasure ready and flowing in vtteraunce theyr haire blacke and in some curled and naturallye fryzeled when as the heate and drynesse is verye great and vehement Neyther will the same tyll after long time waxe hoarie and gray but yet by reason of drynesse soone waxe bald Their Nose crooked like a Hawkes bill and in manye especially Germaynes Polonians Hungarians and Dutchmen redde beardes and bright yealowye hayre which commeth of glitteringe cleare shynynge Choler that is not adusted wyth feruente heate In the Lowe Countryes those that be redde hayred are of the vulgar sorte noted as men subiecte to some naughtye disposition and lewd conditions secretely harboroughing within their minds For as Themistocles his Tutour gaue iudgmente of no meane thinge like to proue come to passe in his sayd Scholer but that hee woulde be eyther a singuler staye and ornamente to hys Countrye or els some notable plague and detrimente to the same so also the Belgiana by a common and vsuall by worde among them saye that at the hands of such persons eyther thinges most excellent or els most villanous are to bee expected and hoped for Furthermore in their daylye speache they vse this as a common Prouerbe amonge them Rooden baert selden goedt oft van goeden aerdt Which is as much to say y Redde bearded men are seldome of anye good disposition for that in the whole course of theyr lyfe maners conuersation dealinges byinge selling bartering they seeke to vndermyne and ouereach others with slye shifts and craftye bargaynes euidētly arguyng what cūning dealing lurketh within them to entrappe and deceiue other mē Which disposition and inclination as I can not deny but is found true in verye many of that Constitution for wante of vertuous bringinge vp and laudable institution So againe do I know many hauing such coloured Beards whose commendable qualities and rare vertues haue aduaunced them to Honourable roumes and dignityes For euen in Princes Courts in Assēblies of Nobles Peeres Magistrats amonge honest substantial Trafiquers and namely of those that dwell Northernely wee see very manye of tryed Vertue singuler wisedome right worthely wyth integritye vprightnes admynistringe their Publique charges and functions wherein they be placed Now whereas some haskerdly Peizaunts rascall persons hauinge such coloured beards be pratlers and praters in keeping counsell as close as a Syeue settinge all vppon sixe and seuen without any regard or consideration of anye thinge Dingthryftes and Spendalles the same do I impute to lewde education which draweth the procliuity of their Nature to vntoward and pieuish maners For hereof it cōmeth that such persons be found to be vnconstant crafty deceitfull suttle wylie cogginge turning the cat in the panne full of leigier de mayne so fickle of word and deede that a man may not wel safely deale wyth them nor truste them as persons in whom there is no more holde then is of a wet Eele by y ● ●ayle and in anye bargayne or dealing be it neuer so intricate and cumbersome can fynde meanes to slyp the coller and wyende themselues oute of daunger Wherevnto if other imperfections defectes of the bodye be added they argue yet a worse Nature more geeuen to mischiefe whervppon the Poet Martiall very aptly sayth Blacke hayrde short footed purblynde eke and Beard all ouer redde Take such a one in doing good and strike me of his heede Which disposition is rooted in them partlye throughe the influence of the Planetes viz. of the Sunne and Mercury partly which I rather take to be the chiefe and speciall cause throughe thynnes of Cholerique Humour and of vncleane Spyrits which being enduedwith a subtile heat pricketh a styrreth them forwarde to put in practyse such kinde of pranckes and Pageauntes Furthermore amōg these kinde of persons there be some diuersly disposed and of sundry conditions wranglers busye medlers in other mens matters yallers hoat as a toast Choplogicks pratlers wyth tongue at wil and are as Iuuenall fotlie sayth Of dapper vvit and desperate bolde fyne phrasde vvith galant grace More eloquent then Isaeus for euery time and cace Eche person can they aptly play at ech Art can they ame At Grammer Rhetricke Geometry Paynting and for the game At soothsaying and cunningly vppon a Roape to daunce At Phisicke Magicke rype are they and free of euery Haunce Such commonlye are Dizardes Gesturers Stage players Iugglers Tumblers and Rogish pedlers ydly raunging about the Country Iangling pratlers Fortuile tellers mynstreis such other lyke busye bragginge Counterfeictes looking bigge vpon the matter and in theyr maner of gate hands coūtenaunce eyes and speach ful of gestures

Bloud 99. Scottes 18 Scoffers 101 Secke 102 Seede 85. 105. 106. pollution and effluxiō therof hovv it hapneth 113 Shauing of the beard helpeth memory 124 Shauing of the head ibid. Short stature vvherof it commeth 27 Sicknesse vvhat it is 12 Signes of sicknesse approching ibid. Sickly persons must eate little bread 156 Signes of a brain distempered 143 Signes of suche as bee subiecte to melancholy 147. Sinne cause of sicknesse and death 67 Sleepe and the commodities thereof 57. 73. time space therof 57. to vvhat vse it serueth 95. good for Cholerick persons 133 Sleepers soundly 57. Small vnquiet sleepers 58. Sleepe by day ill and vnholsome 58. good for rauing or Idlenesse of the brayne 152 Sleeping person heauier then a vvatching 5 Slouth and ease 52 Sound Parents beeget sound children 85 Solitarie persons subiect to the Apoplexie 61 Snailes life 62 Soule 12 Sounding 133 Soueraigntie of the hart 109 Spaniardes 18 Spettle 87 Speach hovv to be restored 126 Spirite 7 vvhat it is 8. requireth great care ibid. being in good case tēper causeth tranquillitie of mynde ibid. being distēpered it vvorketh sūdry motiōs bringeth disquietnes ibid vvhat thinges bee thereto moste hurtfull and vvhat most comfortable ibid. 19. 20. greatly comforted vvith svvete smelles 126 Spirite animall and theffects thereof 15 Spirite vital ibid Spirite of nature 20 Stammers 111. cannot speake softlye ibidē 147. Stitches 103 Stinking breath hovv it commeth 156 Stomacke and head engendrers and keepers of Phlegme 109 Store of hayre hovv it commeth 41 Strong breath and stinking mouthes 156 Studie by candlelight hurtful 74 Studentes exercises 75 Superstition 24 Supper 156 Svveate 87 T TAlnesse of personage 27 Temperance 60 Temperature vvhat it is 32. nine differences thereof ibid. subiect to chaunge 88 Testicles 85 Tettars 134 Text of Esay expounded 114 Themistocles vvished to learne the Arte of forgetfulnes 122. his nature disposition vvhile he vvas young 130 Thinges making good digestion spirites 5 Thinges good for the memory 125 Thinges not natural sixe 46 Thinne bloud 13 Three most holsome thinges for health 7 Timon a deadly hater of al men and al companye 143 Time for euery matter 77 Tokens of a cold complexion 64 Tokens of a moist body 80 Tokens of the dispositiō of phlegmaticke persons 114 Tokens of sanguine persons 99 Tormentes of an vnquiet minde and guilty cōscience 143 Tranquillitie of minde 31. 59 Traunce 103 Triall of good horses 54 Trophonius Denne 146 True goodes 2 Tumblers 101 Turpentine 72 Turpentine hovv to prepare it ibid. to make it liquide and potable ibid V VEnerie Vide Carnall acte Veyne opened shevveth oculerly ech of the four humours 86 Veines from vvhence they spring 89 Vertues defaced and marred by vices 44 Vitall moisture 7 Vitall spirite 12 Vlcers 134 Vnholsome meates spilleth nature 27 Vnablenes in some to beget children 43 Vomite must be seeldome prouoked 55 vvhen to vomite ibidē to vvhat persons it is most hurtful 56 Voyce 45 VV WAnne colour 65 VVasshing of the head 126 VVatching ouermuch hurtful 58 VVavvvard persons 12 VVhores 106 VVolfe a disease 134 VVomen full of hayre on their heads 42 VVomen hayrie lecherous ibid. cause of barrennes in vvomen 43 VVormevvood holsome for the Lyuer 104 VVringing in the small Guttes 129 VVyfe bravvlinge and skoldinge likened to a dropping house 110 VVylie Foxes 130 VVylie vvinckers 58 VVyne hurtfull to children 49. maketh the hart mery 138. VVisemen sometime fearefull 94 Y. Yoūgmen somtimes vveake vvearish feeble and vvhy 28 Youngman sodenly gray headed 91 Youth 29 Z ZEale vvithour knovvledge 25 Zelanders 17 Zeno. 5 T N. FINIS Lib. 2. Offic. Mainteners of health Health Sickenes Soule Sat. 10. True goods Health passeth gold Hor. lib. 1 epist. epist. ad Albium Nosce te ipsum Eccles 7 Death by ill diet many times hastened before his due time Lib. 2. Georg. The minde ib. 8. ca. 7. Mago made Liō tame VVhat maketh good digestion Eccle. 31. VVhat maketh a man merie The nature of Lupines A dead man heauier thē a lyuing Hor lib. 3 Oda 21. Euery man must search out his ovvn inclination and nature It is some●● time good to chaunge nature Lib. 12. Cap. 1. Genes 2. The commoditie of matrimony Three most holsome thinges Georg. 3 The bodye consisteth in thre things Humour Heate Spirite Pers Sat. ● Things hurt full to the spirits of man. Prouer. 17 Eccle. 30. Things cōfortinge the Spirits What Spirite is The heart is the fountaine of life Foure natural povvers The office of digestiō Howe affections are caused Cruditie hurtfull Oppilation and putrefaction the original cause of diseases What riott bringeth a man to Matth. 14 Iohn Baptist beheaded Disturbers of publique peace ought to be rooted out The fourme of a cōmon wealth 1. Cor. 12. Members of mans body Li. 2. Dec. 1. No mēber in the whole body but it serueth to some necessary vse Signes wherby to know when a man is not wel at ease Vital spirite Northern people Lib. 1. Grosse blud Thin bloud Whēce the diuersitie of natures cōmeth Rebelliō in the body Levvde thoughts Gen. 6. 8. Spirite animal 12. Meth. Erick kinge of Sweden Germans Hollāders Hollanders forgetful sleepie Old men children forgetfull Education altereth nature Zelāders The nature of such as be borne and bred neere the Sea. Flemyngs Brabanders Italians Italians wil couertly beare a secret grudge in mynde a great while Pers Sat. 5 Englishmen Englishmen and Scottes haue greate stomacks angry Spaniard● Vir. lib. 4. A Enei Spaniardes haue good wittes Frenchmen Frenchmen prompt and ready witted Good diet holesome Ayre Spirite of Nature The Spirite of the Lord. Psalm 33 Genes 1. Iohn 1. Hexa lib. Gen. 1. Lib. 3. de Arte amādi Lib. 6. Fast Actes 17. Aratus in Pheno Angels Hebr. 1. Lares Good Angels Ill Angels Daemō à sciendo 2. Para. 26 Hebr. 4. Psalm 7. How the deuil learneth the thoughts of mē One man a deuill to an other Matth. 4. 2. Cor. 12. Iob. 30. Howe farr● deuils are able to hurte vs. Humours giue occasion to vices Sapien. 1. Gen. 2. What the Holy Gh●● worketh 〈◊〉 vs. Gal. 4. Rom. 8. Fayth bringeth forth workes De preparat Euāg lib. 1. Superstition Art. Poet. Iuuē Saty 14 Tuscul 3. Rom. 10. Zeale withoute knowledge In Arte Poet. A Eneid lib. 1. IIII. Elemētes Tuēd valet lib. 1. Meate and Ayre a like necessary The nature of seede and bloud Cause of talnesse ●●ildren ●●ulde not s●āted of e●r victu● Naughty vnholesome meate spilleth nature Shorte stature how it commeth Olde age Death what it is Lustye olde age wherof it cōmeth ●hat ma●th yonge ●e weake What thīgs are hurtfull to health Art. Poet. Iob. 14. Infancie Childhod Pubertie Adolescencie Youth Mās age Death to the faythful not to be feared The times of the yeare compared to the ages of man. Metam lib. 15. Trāquillity and quietnes of mind Temperament Temperament Intemperatures Compound drouges named of

Reg. 16. Philip king of Spaine A straunge example of a yongman sodainly become graye headed One sodainly gray headed Why some men euen sodainly are chaunged in Complex i●n and colour Imagination Luke 22. Feare of death more terrible thē death it self Who dye in maner with out paine The cause of fearefulnes when a man is in daūger Lib. 3. Aeneid A wyseman sometime is put in ▪ feare Astonnishmēt of mind taketh away the feeling of pain Leuit. 19. Deut. 13. Dreames sometime sent from God. Cap. 2. Cap. 7. To what vse and purpose sleepe serueth The vertue and force of bloud as touching the framinge of the inwarde dispositiō maners of the mynde Persōs mere Sanguine for the most part starcke fooles Commēt 1. de nat human Man a Wolfe Mic. ca. 7. Man a Lyon Cap. 19. Mā an Ape Man a Foxe Children ▪ quick stir●●nge and playing and the cause why Boylinge of bloud in youth like to spurging of newe wyne in the Tunne Playig with the heade what it signifyeth Sapien. 4. In Art. Poet. Lewd and ill disposed Coūsellours do youth mutch harm Pers Sa. 5 Good counsell and vertuous education bringeth youth to goodnes Bloud vseth the helpe of other humours in framing the manners Difference betweene Sang●ine Cholerick Cholericke persōs great flouters Sāguine curteous and myld natured Inciination of nature Best proportion measure of blod to other humours Horat. in Art Poet. Humours of more force then the pl●nets Hor. lib. 1 epist. 2. Bloude eggeth a man to riot and wilfuines Ephemera or Diaria The English Sweate a kinde of the Ague Ephemera When the Sweatinge sicknes first began in Belgie Blinde Byards In what sort ●o sweat and how longe Englishmen subiect aboue other Countreyes to the swearinge sickenesse Iuuen. Sat. 5. Hoat and moyst Complexiōs subiect to putre faction Receiptes Laxatiue soluble Howe exercise is to be vsed The head taketh hurt by the disorder of the in feriour mēbers Oppilation of the liuer from whēce it cōmeth Tuend Val. 6. Wormwod holsome for the liuer Things puttinge away oppilation Harmes of Venetie carnall copulation Commodity of Venery Seede beīg corrupt is cause of much incō●enience Moderatiō of Carnall dealinges Prou. 8. Whores in lecherous lust neuer satisfyed nor in rewards Art. Modic 86. Sperme or Seede Matth. 19 1. Cor. 7. Sapient 8 Continency and Chastity a speciall gift of God. Matth. 17 Phlegm the matter of Bloud The myxture of the Humours compared to wyne Mylke of Bloud The cause why Pytha goras Scholers woulde eate no Mylke Mylke in the breastes of yonge Children Kernellie fleshe as in the dugges Euery parte of the body hath his seueral vertue The vse and effect of Phlegme The place where Phlegme is Diseases ꝓocedinge of Phlegme Hora. lib. 1. epist. 1. The he●d Stomacke the engendrers cōceptacles of Phlegme The harmes of a bodye and of a Realm first beginne at the head Prou. 19. 17. A brawling wife is lyke the top of a house wher throughe it is euer dropping Diseases ꝓceedinge of Rewmes Catarthes Drōken mē stammer double in their speach Stammere●● cannot speake softly Nature of persōs Phlegmatike What Beastes fowles fishes be holesomest to eate A dead E●le floateth not aboue water why Notes of a cold and moyst body Whereof hoarie hayres come Hoaryne●●e in meates Dreames shewe and bewray the disposition state Cōplexion of the bodye Naturall Dreams interpretable Diuine Dreames Dreames of the Phlegmatick Leuit. 19. Deut. 13. Wee maye not rashlye credite all Dreames Pollution effluxion of Seede howe it hapneth Canis panē somnians Cap. 29. A place of Esay expo●ded Tokens of a colde and moyst complexion Reason yelded howe these Prouerbes Emūcte naris Obesae naris first began Prayse of a Phlegmatike person Phlegmatik persōs must vse exercyse Lib. 1. Tuend Val. lib. 5. The Phlegmatik must vse light suppers Foure kinds and effectes of Phlegme Gal. de Plenit Sweete Phlegme Sower Phlegme Doggishe appetite Epiala Salte Phlegme Harmes of salt Phlegm Glassie or clammie Phlegme What parts of the body be subiect to Phlegme Vse of Clysters Heate dissolueth moysture euen as the Sūne doth yse All men in daunger to phlegme Crudlty engendreth Phlegme All thinges done by memory Memory resteth in the Braine Things hurtful to the Memory Carnal knowledge of women is a weakening to the body A dry brain hath litle remembraūce A moyste braine vnhable to remember Old folk yonge Children haue ill memories but the reason of the one is contrary to the other Temperature of the braine the maintenāce of Memory Memory the gifte of Nature and is by Arte holpen and made better The reason why childrē cā remēber things long afore done The Nucha and nape of the necke must bee kept warm A mā would bee glad to forget some things Mans corrupt nature more prone to ill thē to good Themistocles wyshed to learn the art of forget fulnes Olde grudges are to be forgottē Healthe the strengthe of the Memorye Crudity and surphet the spoylers of Memory Ad Herē Lib. 3. tit 7. Memorye greatly helped and preserued by lighte Suppers In som shauinge of the head is a helpinge to Memory in other some a hindraunce Shauinge of the Bearde helpeth Memory Thīgs good for the Memory Herbes that sharpen the witte Restoratiues and remedies for the Memory being empayred or decayed throgh coldnes moysture To restoare a Memorye seemig past all recouery Onyons ill both for the eyes Memory Lactuce dimmeth the sight Rapes very beneficial restoratiue ▪ for the eyes What sorts of Braynes be beste for Memory Washing of the head Coriander Conserue of Quinces Sweet smels cōfortable to the spirits The confectiō of Anacardus good for the Memory To restoare speach To restoare the right vse of the tōgue to them that haue the Apoplexie The vertue of Lignum Aloes A Cocke to crow continnally without ceassing All thinges subiect to chaunge A Cholerick man. Choler natural and besyde nature The office of Choler Anger what it is By what partes of the body Choler is purged Iaundice Wringynge of the small Gutts Notes wherby to know a hoate and dry Cōplexion Virg. li. 4 Georg. Yealow hayre Redde beards Nature of Themistos cles Red beard● argueth not alwayes an ill disposed person Wylie Foxes Lib. 6. Sat. 3. Horat. in Art. Poet. Iuuen. Sat. 6. Pale or Citrine Choler Tertian Agues Bur●ing Age●es Lucan lib. 7. Cholericke folkes haue many dread full and terrible Dreames Howe to purge Choler Slepe whole som good for Cholericke folke Yolkie Choler Leekish or greeue Choler Lib. 2. praedict ca. 39 Rustie or Brassie Choler The Wolfe 〈◊〉 disease Virg. AEneid 1. Death Man subiect to many casualties What limitation oure prayers and wyshes ought to haue No man but is subiect to Melācholy Students muche troubled wyth Melācholy Two sorts of Melācholy Whereto Melācholy is like The taste relyce of Melācholy De locis affect lib. 3. cap. 5. The vse and Nature of the Mylt In curcul Act. 2. The Mylte hindereth agility and quicknes of body Mylt cānot be taken away The Splene lykened to a Princes Exchequer or Treasury The Mylte causeth a mā to laugh be mery Wyne cheereth the hartes of them that bee seuere maketh them as merye as a Pye. What time Melancholike persons be out of measure mery Beste for grim and seuere folkes to vse mery company The souereigntye of the heart Cordati Socordes Vecordes Genes 3. Catiline 1. Reg. 20 Genes 4. Cain a patterne of desperation Gal. 3. Agreement betwene the Heart and the Braine The Gall is the foūteina of Anger T●e Lyuer causeth lust and carnall desire The Mylte beinge in right case cause of myrthe and cherefulnes The Mylte affected maketh the mynde heauy and sad Perturbations of mind Diseases of the Splene Pers Sa. 4. Signes of a destēpered Brayne Tormentes of an vnquiet mynde Timon a hater of all men Iliad 3. Causes of Melācholy affections Torment of an vnquiet and guiltye conscience Saty. 〈◊〉 Remo●●● Consci●● for wi●● deedes Esay 〈◊〉 Despysinge of Gods word auenged and punished Esay 36 Leaning to a broken reede 4. Reg. 18. Ezech. 29. Deut. 28. Leuit. 26. Iere. 〈◊〉 Double c●●trition 1. Cor. 10. Notes of a cold drye Complexiō Persōs Ph●●gmatick 〈◊〉 coloured Trophonius Denne S. Patrickes Purgatory Three sorts of vnnatural Melācholy The col●● of Mela●● choly en●●●med Signes of suche as bee subiecte to Melācholy Stāmeringe of tongue Melancholy hath some heate in it Melancholike persons fickle headed and vnconstant Affectes of Melancholie cold Doltishe or Asselike Melancholie The force of Melancholie much encreased Probl. sect 30. Quest 13. Sundry cōditions of Drouken folkes Sat. 10. Melancholyke folkes lecherous Drunkards in the act of generation very weake and feeble Lib. 1. Epist. 5. Lib. 2. epist. 2. Certaine historyes of Melancholike persons A notable story and reporte of a certaine Melancholike man. Such as hee sterued vp with famine elye vpō the seuēth day Slepe easeth the ydlenes of the brain or rauing Aneid 6. How to expunge and beat downe Melācholy Three sorts of Melācholye Whē to let Melancholike persons bloud Good for Melancholike persons to bee laxatiue soluble Lib. 6. Aph. 48. Spirits shuffle themselues in amōg the humors Melancholy folkes must keepe them selues soluble Hare geeueth Melācholike nourishment Hare the holesō●er 〈◊〉 ●●g●hly hunted Ahore good for manye purposes in Phisicke To eate a Hare a Prouerbe Moderate myrthe and bāquetting stirreth vp a pleasaunt colour and reuiueth the Spirits The outvvard countenaunce of a man bewrayeth the inwarde affections of his mind Diet for Melancholicke persons Liquide meates do quickly non rish Such as bee subiecte to sicknes and quaisie must eate but little bread The cause that brīgeth a stronge breath Holesome exhortatiō Quietnes tranquillity of mynd maketh all in good order and frame Printed at London in Fleetstreete by Thomas Marsh 1576. Cum Priuilegio