violent Sounds The Cure of this Disease is to be varied according to the variety of the Causes and first the Cure of the Noise proceeding from a consent of other Parts depends on the Cure of the Diseases of those Parts But that which arises immediately from the Ear requires a peculiar Cure and if it be generated by a cold Intemperies and from gross Wind it requires the same Cure which is described in the Chapter above If it proceed from an Ulcer in the Ears it requires the same Cure which is proposed for Curing the Ulcer in the following Chapter If it proceed from Weakness after long Sickness it will decrease gradually as the Strength increases But you must drop into the Ear Oil of Camomil of Dill or Oil of sweet Almonds And lastly if it takes its rise from a hot Intemperies or an exquisite Sense a cooling and moistning Diet must be ordered and cooling things must be dropp'd into the Ear and first a Decoction of Barly Violets Lettice Water Lilies to which may be added to make it more penetrating a little Balm or Camomil and if these do no good the Juice of Lettice Purslane and Henbane may be used Galen proposes the Juice of Poppies and Opium it self but these are to be used sparingly least by weakning the Native Heat of the Part they should too much dull the Hearing CHAP. XXXIV Of Pain of the Ears PAIN of the Ears is a very violent Disease The chief Causes of it are Intemperies immaterial and humoral Wounds Ulcers and external Things falling or thrust into the Cavity of the Ear. A cold Intemperies often occasions a Pain in the Ears it is occasioned by cold Winds cold Water and other cold thlngs for cold things are injurious to those Membranous and nervous Parts But a cold Matter occasioning Pains in the Ears is either Flegmatick or Serous flowing from the Brain or Wind transmitted from the Brain or lower Parts Hot Matter occasioning those Pains is either Cholerick or Sanguinious whereby an Inflammation is raised If an immaterial Intemperies be the Cause there is no weight peceived in the Ear nor no Tumour A cold Intemperies is known by cold Causes going before as travelling in the Winter time the increase of Pain by external Cold and its being eased by the Application of hot things A hot Intemperies may be known by the external things that heat as a hot Air the heat of the Sun pain arising from the use of hot things If the pain arise from a Flegmatick Humour there is a weight perceived in the Ear and in the Head and a Flegmatick Fluxion has sometimes fallen upon some other Parts Besides cold Causes went before as cold and a Northerly Wind cold Aliments Winter time old Age and the like If the Pain arise from Wind it will be violent but not continual and a noise of the Ear will be joined with it That it comes from a Serous Humour may be known by other Diseases produced by it and afflicting the Sick at the same time as sharp and thin Fluxions on the Teeth the Eyes the Ears the Breast and other Parts and by an Evacuation of serous Humour by Vomit Stool Urine and Sweat If it arises from a Cholerick Humour it will be pricking and sharp with a sense of heat it will be eased by cooling Medicines and the Constitution is hot and cholerick the Sick young the Course of Diet hot it is Summer and some other heating Causes went before An Inflammation is known by the Violence of the Pain Pulsation by great heat and redness that extend themselves sometimes to the Cheeks and Temples a violent continual Fever accompanies it sometimes a Delirium Convulsion Fainting and Coldness of the extream Parts A Wound may be known by Blood pouring from the Ear an Ulcer by Matter flowing out But because a Flux of Matter sometimes flows from the Brain through the Ears there is need of distinction for if it proceed from the Brain the Pain of the Head and other Signs of an Imposthume went before the Matter is evacuated in great quantity and is lessen'd by degrees till at length it quite ceases But it may proceed indeed in a great quantity from an Abscess of the Ear but then the Signs of an Inflammation went before afterwards an Ulcer follows which afterwards may be known by the following Signs whether it takes its rise from an Abscess or from a Flux of some sharp Humour A small quantity of Matter flows continually pain and heat and pricking in the Ear especially when the Ear-Picker is put in Moreover we may guess at the differences of the Ulcer for if the Ulcer actually exists it may be known by the thin Sanies that is of a Citron Colour And by the length of the Disease you may know if it be deep by the quantity of Matter if it be sordid by the thickness and quantity of it if it be virulent by the thin Sanies if putrid by the stinking Matter if corrosive by Blood flowing out after the Sanies if it be Fistulous by the duration of the Ulcer the virulent Sanies and by the hard and callous Flesh Things fallen into the Ear or thrust into it may be known by the relation of the Sick and may be perceived in the Cavity of it The Prognostick of the Pain of the Ear is various according to the variety of the Causes that which proceeds only from an Intemperies is easily cured That which proceeds from cold flegmatick serous or windy Matter is not dangerous but is most commonly long in curing But that which proceeds from hot Humours and especially if they cause an Inflammation is very dangerous for the Brain by reason of its nearness suffers by consent and a Delirium and a Convulsion often follow and young Men are in most danger of this Disease for they being of a hot Constitution and their Blood being hot the Inflammation is so great that it destroys the Native Heat of the Brain and kills the Sick within a Week but old Mens Humours are colder and the Inflammation less and so they are less in danger Ulcers in the Ears are difficultly cured because the Brain puts off its Excrements upon them but those that follow an Abscess are easier cur'd and also those that yield good Matter But when the Sanies is virulent fetid or otherwise ill qualified the Cure will be very difficult and especially if the Ulcer be Fistulous or the Bone foul The Cure must be varied according to the variety of the Causes if it proceed from a cold Intemperies alone boâ—â— Medicines applied to the Ear may be sufficient for the Cure such as were proposed for the Cure of Deafness A hot Intemperies if at any time it happen without Matter may be cur'd by cooling Topicks If it proceed from a cold Intemperies joined with Matter viz. Flegm or Wind or serous Matter the same Cure is to be administred which was proposed for the Cure of Deafness If it arise
is very hardly cured and there is Danger least it should turn to a Cancer That which is seated below or in the Middle of the Nostrils is easier cured than that which grows at the Root of the Nose because Medicines can scarce reach thither Both of them are to be cured the same Way viz. The superfluous Flesh must be taken off But first the antecedent Cause must be removed which is a Flegmatick Humour falling from the Head To this End an attenuating Course of Diet must be ordered and universal Evacuations Revulsion and Derivation Afterwards the superfluous Flesh must be taken off either by a caustick or by an Instrument and the Ulcer remaining must be cicatrized But at the Beginning when the Disease is fresh it is sometimes cured by astringent and very drying Medicines and such gentle Means are always to be used before you proceed to greater Take of unripe Grapes three Pounds of the Bark of Pomegranate of Balaustins and Sumach each two Pounds infuse them in Vinegar and distil them then add of Allum a Pound of Vitriol three Ounces distil them all again and touch the inward parts of the Nostrils frequently with the Water If this is not sufficient more powerful things must be used and you must add Sandarach and Orpiment to the foregoing Water or the Polypus must be frequently touched with Spirit of Vitriol tempered with Plantane Water But red Precipitat often washed is reckoned the best Medicine It may be mixt with Honey of Roses and applyed with a Tent dipt in it Plaisters are also used in this Case Take of Verdigrease Orpiment Vitriol Crude-alum each one Ounce and an half of Antimony six Drams infuse them in Vinegar and then powder them very fine when they are dry infuse them and powder them eight Times more then lastly infuse them in Plantane Water and dry them afterwards take of Oyl of Roses four Ounces of Thithargo two ounces mix them and boyl them and towards the End two Ounces of the foresaid Powder boyl it to a sticking Plaister and make Tents of it to be put up the Nostrils Note That before the Use of Causticks the Nostrils must be defended by Galen's cooling Oyntment or with Populeum or with the White of an Egg mixt with the Oyl of Roses or the like Secondly you must take Notice that caustick Medicines must be conveyed through a Silver Pipe which must incompass the Polypus so that the Medicine may work and not touch the Nostrils Thirdly you must take Notice that such Medicines must be used when the Moon is waneing for then the Tumour is much diminished and so the Medicine may the easier reach the Root of it Lastly if it cannot be cured by Medicines you must proceed to Chirurgical Operation which is described by Cornelius Celsus and by late Authors CHAP. XXXVIII Of the Loss of Smelling and other Faults of it SMelling as all the other Actions of the Body is hurt three Ways it is either diminished abolished or depraved The Cause of Smelling diminished and abolished are the same they only differ in Degree they are Intemperies Obstruction and Compression A cold and moist intemperies joyned with Flegmatick Matter lessens Smelling or quite abolishes it upon which Account in a Catarrh and Coryza the Sense of Smelling is frequently lessened or wholly destroyed Obstruction is occasioned by a Flegmatick Humour which stops the Passages of the Nostrils and the Pores of the Mamillary Processes so that Smells cannot come to them it may also be occasioned by a Sarcoma Polypus or any thing else that stops the Passages of the Nostrils A Compression also sometimes may happen from a Flegmatick Humour collected in the fore part of the Brain compressing the Mamillary Processes as happens in Diminution of the Sight by compressing of the Optick Nerves It also may happen from a natural Defect in the Confirmation of the Nostrils as when the Nostrils are so narrow and low that there is not a free Passage The Cause of depraved smelling is a bad Savour continually striking upon the Nostrils which either proceeds from an Ulcer of the Nostrils or from putrid Flegm gathered together about the Nostrils or the Os Ethmoides For that Flegm that putrifies in the Sense of Smelling or near it betwixt the Coats of the Brain does not affect the Sense it self nor those that labour under it but any one that sits near them will easily find it out for nothing can be smelt but what is carried to the Sense from some other Place A nasty and stinking Vapour may be carried to the Processus Mamillares from other Parts as from the Stomach Gums and the Brain it self that spoil the Sense of Smelling so that all Savours are thought to be such even as the Tongue being disordered by bitter Choler tasts all things bitter Any of these Causes are easily known a cold Intemperies and Abundance of Flegm are known by a cold and moist Intemperies of the Brain and a slimy Flegm dropping from the Head An Obstruction if it be occasioned by Flegm is known by the same Signs If it proceeds from a Sarcoma or a Polypus the Diagnostick is to be taken from their proper Chapters The Place wherein the Matter causing the Obstruction resides is known from this If it sticks in the Passages of the Nostrils there is a Defect of the Speech because the Nostrils do greatly contribute to the forming of Words But if the Matter stick in the fore part of the Brain or the Mamillary Passages the Speech will be perfect You may know by the peculiar Diseases of each Part from whence the ill Scent arises that offends the Organ of Smelling As to the Prognostick Smelling if it be lately lost or if it arises from a simple Coriza may be easily cured The cure must be varied according to the Variety of the Causes if it arise from a cold Intemperies those things are proper which are used for a cold Catarrh But to open an Obstruction occasioned by Flegm thrust into the Passages of the Nostrils or into the Mamillary Processes such Remedies are to be used as purge those Parts viz. Errhins Sneazing-Powders and Apoplegmatisms Lastly If the Nostrils are obstructed by a Sarcoma or Polypus it must be cured by the removing of them CHAP. XXXIX Of an ill Scent in the Nostrils AN ill Scent in the Nostrils and a stinking Breath are very different for that comes wholly from the Nostrils but this from various Parts viz. From the Stomach Lungs Gums or from Ulcers in the Jaws which are either apparent to Sense or may be known by their proper Signs But an ill Scent in the Nose is occasioned by putrid Vapours arising either from the Nostrils as in an Ozena a Sarcoma or Polypus or from Air transmitted to the Nostrils from putrid Humours contained in the Brain and in rhe fore Part of it or about the Mamillary Processes or Os Cribrasum But Flegmatick Humours putrifie in the said Parts when they are retained in
them beyond Measure especially if there be also a hot and moist Intemperies of the Brain they are retained by reason of an Obstruction of those Parts or too great an Oppression of them as in those that are flat-nosed The Disease of the Nose occasioning such a Stink may be known by its proper Signs But if there be no such Disease in the Nostrils we may conjecture that it arises from a putrid Humour contained in the Brain or Mamillary Processes or in the Os cribrosum The Prognostick of an ill Scent in the Nostrils which is occasioned by an Ulcer Polypus or Sarcoma depends on the Prognostick of them But that ill Scent which proceeds from Corrupt Humours contained in the fore part of the Head if it be lately come may be easily cured if it be inveterate it is incureable especially if it come from an ill Confirmation of the Nostrils as in such as are flat-Nosed The Cure is performed by taking away the Causes and by moderating the Symptoms The Cure of an Ulcer Sarcoma and Polypus are mentioned above but a putrid Humour contained in the Brain Mamillary Processes or in the Os Ethmoides must be carried off by Purging and Cleansing And first universal Evacuations are to be ordered which free the whole Body and the Brain from Flegmatick Excrements and if there be abundance of Humours a Sudorifick Diet-drink must be also ordered afterwards cleansing Errhins must be prescribed to remove the conjunct Matter And first Whitewine wherein Centaury has been infused must be put into the Hand and snuft up Morning and Evening or the Juice of Beet drawn with Marjoraâ— Water may be used but the following is more Powerful Take of the Roots of Florentine-orris half a Dram oâ— white Hellebore and long Pepper each half a Scruple of the Seeds of Anise and of dried Marjoram powdered each one Scruple of the Oyls of Nard Wall-flower and Violets each as much as is sufficient Make a soft Oyntment wherewith anoint the Top of the little Finger and anoint the Nostrils within or a Tent besmeared with the Oyntment may be applied Lastly To palliate the ill Stink sweet-smelling things may be often drawn up the Nostrils as an Infusion of Nutmegs in fragrant Wine Angelica Water and the like CHAP. XL. Of a Coryza COryza is a sort of Catarrh wherein the Fluxion falls on the Nostrils it 's easily known by the abundance of Moisture that is evacuated by the Nostrils 't is commonly call'd a Cold or Stoppage in the Head It requires the same Method of Cure as is used for a Catarrh but in this Case you must not use Errhins least they should draw Humours to the Part affected Masticatories and Apoplegmatisms may be prescribed after general Evacuation and some-things are reckned peculiarly proper for this Disease as the Vapour of a Decoction of Marjoram received into the Nostrils or of Vinegar wherein red Roses have been infused the Venegar being poured upon red hot Iron if it be occasion'd by a very cold Fluxion the Fumes of Frankincense cast upon live Coals corrects the cold Intemperies of the Brain and dries up the Superfluous Moisture CHAP. XLI Of Sneezing THo Sneezing often happens in Health and is generally so small a thing that it scarce deserves the Name of a Symptom yet sometimes 't is so very troublesome that it requires Medicines and the Physicians help and the ancient Custom of saying God bless you upon sneezing shews that some time or other it has proved dangerous some say 't was an Epidemical Disease in the Time of Gregory the Great and that the Sick died sneezing As to the Prognostick 't is of it self without Danger but 't is very injurious at the Beginning of a Catarrh or Coryza and in Feavers when it is frequent it sometimes occasions bleeding at the Nose but most commonly it does good by expelling Superfluities from the Brain When Sneezing is injurious as in a Plurisie Peripneumonia and the like or when it becomes a Disease the Cure must be undertaken by Revulsions and Evacuations and if by Reason of a hot Intemperies of the Brain or of any other Part sharp Vapours are transmitted to the Nostrils Bleeding must be used and proper Purges and to qualifie the Acrimony and to asswage the Irritation of the Nostrils it will be proper to snuff up warm Milk into the Nose or to anoint the Nostrils wlth Oyl of Violets or of sweet Almonds or with fresh Butter CHAP. XLII Of Bleeding at the Nose or Spitting of Blood BLeeding at the Nose comes at any Time of the Year and seises chiefly those that are of a weakly Constitution and have hot Blood and oftner when they are in Years than when they are Young at first there are some Signs of a Feaver which goes off by bleeding at the Nose but a Pain and a Heat in the fore part of the Head remains the Blood flows for some Hours then stops a while and afterwards breaks out again and so it does by turns till at length it is quite stop'd either by the use of Remedies or of its own accord by reason the Quantity is diminished but the Sick is in danger of a Relapse yearly either upon drinking of Spirituous Liquors or from being over-heated upon any other account In order to the Cure I endeavour to qualifie the Head and Ebullition of the Blood upon which account the preternatural Extravasation arises Wherefore I bleed often in the Arm and take away a large Quantity of Blood I order a cooling and thickning Course of Diet as three parts of Fountain Water and one of Milk boil'd together and drank cold roasted Apples Barly-broths and the like forbidding the use oâ— Flesh I also prescribe thickning and cooling Juleps and Emulsions and the like Take of the clarified Juices of Plantane and Nettles each six Ounces of the Aqua Lactis Alexiteria four Ounces of Cinnamon Water hordeated three Ounces of white-Sugar a sufficient Quantity mingle them make a Julep let him take four Ounces in the Morning and at four in the Afternoon and so daily for three Days following Take of the Waters of Plantane and of Cinnamon hordeated each four Ounces of distill'd Vinegar half an Ounce of true Bole and of Dragon's Blood each half a Dram of London Laudanum three grains of Syrup of Myrtles one ounce and an half mix them make a Julep let him take five or six Spoonfuls every Night at Bed-time Take of the Syrup of Juice of Nettles four ounces give half an ounce in his Liquor every time he drinks and he may drink of Tincture of Roses every time he drinks Take of the Seeds of Henbane and of white Poppies each half a dram of Sugar of Roses three drams of Syrup of Comfry a sufficient quantity make an Electuary give the quantity of a small Nutmeg twice a day and let him drink a draught of Tincture of Roses presently after it Or Take of the four greater cold Seeds each one dram and an half of
Zacutus Scarrified the Tongue deep in a Boy of Ten Years of Age when the Tongue was soft and by that means a great quantity of Salt-water flowed out and the Patient was presently cured Lastly When the Tongue is much increased Claudinus proposes the Cutting off the Superfluous Flesh necessary Preparations being first used CHAP. XLIV Of the Ranula under the Tongue THough in the foregoing Chapter we treated of the Tumours of the Tongue yet one remains which we thought best to treat of in a Chapter by it self because it is of a different Nature from the others and requires a different way of Cure A Ranula is a Tumour under the Tongue in that part wherein it is joyned to its bridle and so great is this Tumour most commonly that it rises higher than the lower Teeth a cleft is in the middle of it whereby it is divided into right and left and by this means it resembles the hinder part of a Frog from whence it takes its name It is of the Nature of a Meliceris and the Matter which flows from it is like Honey and contained in a Bag and in this Bag a Stone is sometimes found It is most commonly without danger but it is dangerous when it looks black and brown and is hard for then it is of a Cancerous Nature and ought not to be medled with As to the Cure of this Disease First the antecedent Cause must be taken away and if it be Inveterate then you must use Cauteries and Sudorifick Decoctions Afterwards you must endeavour to dissolve it by Topical Remedies Take of Pomegranate-peel of dried Hyssop and of common Salt each two drams make a Powder to be held under the Tongue and to be repeated often Forestus says That a Girl of Twelve Years of Age was cured by this Remedy within two days But in grown People it is best to use Sal Armoniack which dissolves and penetrates more powerfully But if the Tumour cannot be cured by Medicines that discuss it must be opened which most commonly must be done for it is seldom dissolved but a large Apertioâ— must be made that all the Matter may come out together afterwards the Ulcer must be washed first with gentle things as with a Decoction of Mallows afterwards with cleansing things as with Whitewine mixed with Honey of Roses Lastly With Oxymel When the Ulcer appears clear and free from the Bag it must be cicatrized by washing the Mouth often with Allum dissolved in Claret If the Ulcer be Inveterate and cannot be cured by the foresaid Remedies touch it twice a day with the Oyl of Sulphur tempered with Rose-water viz. Mix one drop of the Oyl with five or six drops of the Water for so the Intemperies will be corrected and the part dried which may be also strengthned by washing the Mouth often with a Dissolution of Allum in Claret But if it will not be cured by these means the actual Cautery must be used You may see the manner of using of it in Paraeus Book VII Chap. 5. CHAP. XLV Of Tasting diminished abolished or depraved TAsting as the other Senses and all the Actions of the Body is injured three ways it is diminished abolished and depraved It is diminished when it scarce perceives Tasts that are not strong and but little such as are It is abolished when it cannot taste any thing And lastly It is depraved when it supposes the Object tasts differently from what it really does The Causes of Diminution and Abolition of Tasting are the same they only differ in degree for if they are small they only diminish the Taste if they are great they abolish it The Causes are either a Defect of the Animal Spirits in the part or an Intemperies of the Nerve that comes from the third Pair to the Tongue or the Tongue it self is some way preternaturally indisposed The Spirits are in fault either by reason of the Paucity of them as in People that are Dying or upon account of Obstructions of the Nerves of the third Pair through which they are conveyed or by reason of a Tumour in that part of the Brain from whence the Nerves rise The Tongue is either covered with a moist and Flegmatick Humour or it is affected with Tumours Pustles or Ulcers and by these its proper Action or the Sense of Tasting may be either diminished or abolished The Taste is depraved when the Tongue is affected with some vitious Humour as in Feavers when it is infected with Choler all things seem bitter and when it is infected with Salt Flegm or a Melancholly Humour all things taste Acid or Salt for the External Objects coming upon the Tongue move the vitious Juice of it and so all things that are tasted seem of the same Taste with the Humour in the Tongue But sometimes the Tongue perceives the Taste of the Juices contained in it although no External Object come near it This is daily seen in Feavers when the Tongue is infected with Choler for if it be very bitter there is continually a bitter Taste in the Mouth The Diversity of the foresaid Causes may be known by the Variety of the Tasts and by the Disposition of the Tongue A sweet Tast and a Redness of the Tongue signifies Blood bitter Taste and a Yellow Colour signifies Choler whiteness with Sweetness Flegm a brown Colour and Sharpness Melancholly an abominable Taste shows ill Humours contained in the Stomach Pustles Tumours and Ulcers may be easily seen But lastly if there be no Alteration seen in the Tongue and yet the tast is either diminished or abolished we must suppose that the Cause lies hid in the Brain or Nerves The Cure is various according to the Variety of the Causes and therefore if the Disease be in the Brain or Nerves such Medicines must be ordered as are used for the Cure of a Palsie But when the Taste is depraved by vitious Humours that Symptom most commonly proceeds from other Diseases especially from Feavers which being cur'd the Symptom ceases If the Taste be injured by Tumours the Cure of it depends on the Cure of them Lastly If the Fault arise from Pustles or Ulcers of the Tongue the Cure of those must be undertaken by bleeding and purging and with the Application of cooling drying and astringent Topicks in the Form of a Gargarism But if the Ulcers are sordid they must be cleansed with Honey of Roses sharpned moderately with Oyl of Vitriol or of Sulphur But when you would dry more powerfully the affected Part must be touched once and again with the Oyls unmixed And so may be cured Aphthae and all Ulcers of the Mouth and Tongue presently CHAP. XLVI Of a Palsie of the Tongue and of the Motion of it Hurt THe chief Action of the Tongue is Speech and that is abolished diminished and depraved by various Causes which have Reference to Simular Organick or common Diseases As to Simular a moist Intemperies joyned with Matter renders the Tongue too soft and loose so
that it cannot move readily also too much Dryness hinders Speech which happens in Feavers but Organick Diseases are magnitude increased as was said before of Tumours which hinders the free Motion of the Tongue the Figure of it faulty as when the Tongue is naturally too short or when the Top of it is cut off or when the Bridle is too strait and an Obstruction of the Nerves of the seventh Pair which are brought to the Muscles that move the Tongue Lastly Common Diseases are a Solution of the Continuum and Wounds of the Part. Too great a Moisture of the Tongue causes Stammering and such so affected cannot pronounce the Letter R and it is either native as in Children who by reason of too great Moisture are troubled with it and are freed from it in Progress of Time whereby the Superfluous Moisture is consumed But in some it remains all their Life long and they always Stammer But in some Stammering is accedental and comes from a Catarrh and from a great Fluxion of a Flegmatick Humour falling upon the Jaws or Tongue and is cured by Evacuation Revulsion and Derivation and by strengthning and drying the Head The Cure of a Palsie of the Tongue is performed by taking off the antecedent Cause viz. The Humour abounding in the Brain and by discussing the Conjunct Cause viz. the Humour thrust into the Nerves moving the Tongue And first Purging must be ordered and Bleeding must be used if Blood abound and such a Quantity must be taken away as is agreeable to the Age and Strength of the Patient afterwards Cephalick things must be used and if the Diseases be obstinate a Sudorifick Diet-drink After universal Evacuations Derivation of the Morbifick Matter must be made by Cupping-glasses and Blisters applied to the Neck and by an Issue in the hinder part of the Head Avicen applies a Cupping-glass to the Chin which is also approved of by late Authors Bleeding under the Tongue is also used successfully after general Evacuations and to discuss the Humour the following Gargarism is frequently used Take of the Roots of Florentine-orris half an ounce of the Leaves of wild Marjoram Sage Staechas Rosemary each half an handful of Cubebs three drams of Liquorish one ounce boil them in equal Parts of Water and Whitewine added towards the end to one Pint strain it and dissolve in it two ounces of Oxymel of Squils mlke a Gargarism But if it be not strong enough to do the business two or three drams of the Roots of Pellitory of Spain or the like quantity of Mustard-seed may be added to it Castor also may be added if it be not too unpleasing The Juice of Sage is much commended the Tongue being rub'd with it you may also add Mustard-seed to it The following Pills may be also held frequently upon the Tongue Take of the Juice of Bettony and Liquorish each one dram and an half of Castor and Assa-faetida each half a dram of Nutmeg and Spicknard each one scruple make them up into small Pills with Honey Fumes and Powders sprinkled into the Hair and the like must be used to strengthen the Brain and to discuss the Relicts of the Flegmatick Humour And lastly To hinder the Growth of new Matter which the Intemperies of the Brain is wont to cause after general and particular Evacuations things that strengthen the Head must be used Of Diseases of the Gums Teeth Jaws Uvula and Larynx CHAP. XLVII Of Pains of the Teeth THe Pain of the Teeth is occasioned by the Influx of Humours which are either Cold Flegmatick Hot Serous Salt or Acrid Worms also bred in rotten Teeth occasions Pain and some think that the Pain proceeds sometimes from Wind. The External and Procatarctick Causes occasioning Pain in the Teeth are all those things which promote Fluxion of Humours the chief whereof are cold Air or Southerly Winds standing long in the Heat of the Sun or abroad in the Night surfetting and all Errors in Diet. To these add Rottenness of the Teeth which weakens them and renders them more apt to receive Fluxions The Diversity of the Causes may be known by various Signs when the Pain arises from hot Humours it is very violent the Constitution hot the Age flourishing it is Summer there is great Heat in the Part and often an Inflammation of the Gums cooling Medicines give Ease hot increase the Pain But if the Pain arise from cold Humours Signs contrary to these appear If Worms are the Cause the Pain is by Intervals and the Motion of the Worm is sometimes perceived in the Part. Pain is likewise produced by a Flatuous Spirit which appears by the vehemency and tearing Pain which is felt in the Part and which goes off in a little time and is easily cured by applying discutient Remedies to the place The Prognostick is various according to the Variety of the Causes A Pain which is occasioned by a hot thin or sharp acrid and salt Humour is the more vehement indeed but sooner goes off by reason of the sudden Changes of the Humours that which proceeds from a cold and Flegmatick Humour is more gentle but of longer Duration A Tumour arising in the Gums or Jaws eases the Pain of the Teeth by reason that the Fluxion is carried to the exterior Parts so that it falls no more upon the Cavity of the Teeth As to the Cure the Cause of the Pain must be taken away and the Pain it self mitigated And although Anodyns have no great Effect unless the Fluxion be taken off yet it is often so violent that it must not only be mitigated with Anodyns properly so called but also with Narcoticks before the Cause be removed Therefore the Humour which flows to the Teeth must be drawn back evacuated and repelled that which is already flown in must be discussed and carried off by Derivation First therefore If the Pain arise from hot Humours Bleeding must be used in the Arm of the same Side whereby a Revulsion of the Humour may be made but if the Pain proceeds from cold Humours Bleeding is not so proper but by reason of the Fluxion it may be used because it principally makes Revulsion but a small quantity of Blood must be taken away unless the Signs of a Plethora appear for in that case large Bleeding may be allowed which is the best means to ease the Pain in the Teeth and all other Pains The next Day some purging Medicine must be given that is proper for the peccant Humour afterwards if the Pain continues Cupping-glasses with Scarification must be applied to the Shoulders or a large Cupping-glass without Scarification a Blister may be applied to the Neck or behind the Ears for it draws powerfully the Humours backward And to stop the Flux Astringents are properly applied to the Temples such are the Plaisters of Gum-elemi of Mastich alone or ad Herniam The fresh Roots of Comfrey bruised and applied to the Temples are excellent for stopping of Fluxion also the Powder
the Stomach 215 Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder 295 Unguis Oculorum 71 Vomiting 193 Urine suppress'd 307 Urine hot 311 Urine bloody 292 Uvula relaxed 124 W. WEakness 187 Whites 357 Womb inflamed 371 Womb ulcerated 375 Womb mortified 387 Womb falling 395 Worms 252 THE STORE-HOUSE OF Physical Practice Diseases of the HEAD CHAP. I. Of a Phrensie A Phrensie in Latin Phrenitis is twofold True and Spurious A true Phrensie is an inflamation of the Brain and Membranes of it with a perpetual Delirium and a continual Acute Feaver A Bastard Phrensie proceeds from an hot intemperies communicated to the Brain from the whole Body as in Burning Feavers or from the inflamation of some particular part as of the Liver Lungs and especially the Diaphragm The Causes of a true Phrensie proceed from Cholerick Blood extravasated The Signs of an approaching Phrensie are Watchings disturbed Sleep immoderate Speech Urine first Thick then Thin and Clear Heat and Pain in the Head and the like A Phrensie is known by perpetual Raving restless Watching and by drawing the Breath deep and seldom and the Sick does not call for Drink though there are great and apparent causes of Thirst the Pulse is small frequent and quick the Feaver is continual and the Tongue black yellow or rough A Phrensie is generally deadly because the Noble Parts are generally affected But there is most hopes of Recovery when they Laugh and when all the symptoms are moderate and when the Strength is good and if after the Disease is at height some evacuation happens as by Sweat Bleeding at the Nose or a Loosness The following Signs shew it to be deadly trembling of the Hands and Tongue gnashing of the Teeth Convulsion and a shaking at the beginning of it catching of the Cloaths black Blood droping from the Nose white Stools and a pale Urine CVRE The Blood flowing to the Head must be evacuated repelled intercepted and a revulsion of it must be made That which is already flown in must be evacuated and discussed the intemperies of the part must be corrected and the strength of it and of the whole Body must be preserved All these things may be performed by the following remedies But first of all and at any time of the day Bleeding must be used If it be occasion'd by a suppression of the Lochia or of the Courses or of the Hemorrhoids the Vein call'd Saphena must be open'd in the Foot afterwards you must open a Vein in the Arm to evacuate the Blood that is put off upon the Head Bleeding is to be repeated twice thrice or more according to the height of the Disease and the Age and Strength of the Patient Note in opening of the Vein the Orifice must be small for otherwise the restlesness of the Sick will force the Blood out and so make it joyn the sooner you may apply a Plaister to it made of Aloes the White of an Egg and Hares Down After Bleeding you must endeavour to procure Sleep by applying cooling things to the Forehead and Temples and Anodine Medicines must be given inwardly Take of Lettice and Purslain Water each one Ounce of Diacodium half an Ounce or six Drams of Syrup of Lemons half an Ounce make a Draught to be taken at Bed-time The Sick may take often of the following Julep Take of the Waters of Lettice Purslain Roses red Poppies each three Ounces Syrup of Violets and Pomgranats each one Ounce and an half of Sal prunella three Drams make a Julep The Dose is three or four spoonfuls at a time four or five times a day When Bleeding cannot be used Cupping-glasses must be applied with deep Scarification first to the lower Parts viz. the Thighs c. then to the upper Parts viz. to the Shoulders c. And afterwards you may apply them without Scarification to the Legs and other parts Blisters may be also conveniently applied to the Shoulders and Arms and a cooling Glyster must be daily injected For instance Take of the common decoction for Glysters one Pint dissolve in it one Ounce of Lenitive Electuary and four Ounces of Brown Sugar make a Glyster Note That the quantity of the Glyster must be varied according to the Age and Bigness of the Patient Bleeding in the Nose by pricking often with a Lancet the Nostrils where the Hairs grow does much good and also Leeches applied behind the Ears to the Nostrils and Forehead CHAP. II. Of Madness MAdness in Latin Mania This Disease does not kill of it self yet it is very difficult to Cure especially if it be hereditary CVRE Bleeding Vomiting and strong Purges are to be frequently used with which and severe Discipline it is frequently Cur'd But if the Disease be mild kind words and good usage and gentle Physick does oftentimes the business But in most Bleeding must be us'd to a great quantity in the beginning of the Disease sometimes in the Arm and sometimes in the Jugular Vein in the Forehead Foot or drawn from the Hemorrhoidal Veins by Leeches Vomits do also a great deal of good But such as are Chymical are best because they work most powerfully and the Sick may be easily cheated with them Take of Sulphur of Antimony eight or ten grains of cream of Tartar half a Scruple mix them and give it in a spoonful of Broth or with Bread Repeat this Vomit once in four days Strong Purges are also frequently used As Take of extract of black Hellebore and Calamelanos each one Scruple mix them and make a Bolus to be taken in the Morning Betwixt the Evacuations such things may be used as attemperate the Blood if the Sick will take them as Steel-waters Whey and the like For preservation such People as are subject to Madness should Purge and Bleed Spring and Fall CHAP. III. Of Giddiness GIddiness in Latin Vertigo There are two sorts of it in one the Sight is taken away in the other it is not The Cause of Giddiness is a circumvolution of the Spirits An idiopathick Giddiness is known by Pains and dulness in the Head a dulness of the Sight noise in the Ears Deafness and the like The peccant Matter is discovered by the following Signs dulness of the outward and inward Senses Sloth much Sleep much Spitting want of Appetite and of Thirst a white and crude Urine shew that Flegm abounds watching anger activity of Body thirst a quick Pulse thin and yellow Urine signifie that Choler is peccant fear sadness disturbed thoughts long watching dreadful Dreams soure belchings and the like signifie Melancholy abounds The bigness and stiffness of the Veins a florid Countenance and heat of the Face beating of the Temples dulness of the Head weariness or a red and thick Urine and sometimes a thin when there is a translation to the Head signifie that Blood abounds A sympathetick Giddiness is known by the absence of the Symptoms that proceed from the Head and when there is no apparent Disease in the Brain Want of Appetite nauciousness
known by the signs which shew watry Humours heap'd up in the Brain the Medicines above mentioned must be used Moreover for those who bear Purging well a Vomit or gentle Purge must be prescribed Wine and Oxymel of Squills also Mercurius dulcis Rubarb and Rosin of Jalap are of good use when the cause of the Convulsions seems to be lodged in the Bowels or when Worms or sharp Humours in the Belly are the cause For Worms a Purge of Rubarb or of Mercurius dulcis with the Rosin of Jalap must be given and the following Medicines are also of use Take of the Roots of Virginian Snake-weed powdered one Dram of Coral calcined till it is white half a Dram make a Powder The Dose is half a Scruple or a Scruple twice a day for three days following drinking upon it the Decoction of the Roots of Grass Take of Hiera pitra and of Venice-Treacle each one Dram make a Plaister for the Belly If the Convulsions are thought to proceed from sharp Humours disturbing the Bowels or Stomach Purging upward and downward by turns is to be observed to this end a gentle Vomit of Wine of Squills or Salt of Vitriol is to be given Take of Syrup of Peony three Ounces Salt of Vitriol two Scruples of Compound Lavender-water one Dram mingle them give a Spoonful three or four times in an hour till the Child has once Vomited or went to Stool once But if Evacuation downward seem most proper give the Infusion of Rubarb or the Powder of it or Syrup of Succory with Rubarb or Syrup of Roses with Agarick And moreover Glisters are to be used frequently in this case and External Medicines are to be applied to the Belly Take of the leaves of Camomil cut small two handfuls put them into two Bags made of fine Cloth or of Silk which being dip'd in hot Milk and pressed out are to be applied successively to the Belly CHAP. VI. Of the Night-Mare or Incubus IT is commonly supposed by the ordinary sort of People that this Disease is occasioned by the Devil or an Evil Spirit 's lying upon their Stomachs which perhaps may be so sometimes but it also comes from meer Natural Causes as is supposed though what those are or where the Morbisick Matter is placed is not known when it is thought to come from Natural Causes the Cure is to be undertaken in the following manner Bleeding and gentle Purging is first to be used and afterward things proper for the Head as Powders of Ambar Coral Pearls the Roots of Male-peony Dittany of Crete Contra yerva and other things prescribed in the Chapter of the Apoplexy and the like But an orderly Diet is first to be prescribed windy Meats and such as are hard of Digestion are to be avoided and Sleep must not be indulged after Eating or Study and large and late Suppers and lying on the Back must be forbid Infants and Children are often troubled with this Disease the sign whereof is their starting in their Sleep and crying out violently and after they have had these Fits often they fall into Convulsions wherefore a right Method of Cure ought to be administred as soon as they seem to be disordered in their Sleep Inquiry must be made concerning the Milk they Suck whether it be good or not and whether it agrees with their Stomachs after they have Sucked plentifully they must not be suffered to sleep the Nurse must use an orderly Diet and let her take also Morning and Evening a Dose of a Powder or Electuary that is proper for the Head drinking upon it a Draught of Posset-drink wherein the Leaves of Sage or Bettany or the Roots or Seeds of Peony have been boiled Let the Infant take twice a day a Spoonful of Black-Cherry-water let an Issue be made in the Neck and let it lye sometimes on one side sometimes on the other and seldom or never upon the Back And Coral or the Seeds of Male-peony being hanged about the Neck or upon the Pit of the Stomach may do some good When they start violently often in their Sleep apply a Blister to the Neck or behind the Ears Moreover Morning and Evening daily give half a Scruple of the Powder de Gutteta in a Spoonful of Lime-flower-water CHAP. VI. Of Sleepy Diseases Coma Lethargy Carus and Apoplexy THere are four sorts of Preternatural Sleep Coma Lethargy Carus and Apoplexy which because for the most part they proceed from the same Causes and require the same Methods of Cure therefore they shall be treated of together in this Chapter The first and principal cause of these Diseases is a Flegmatick or Watry Humour contained in the Brain contrary to Nature Secondly Sleepy Diseases are wont to be generated by Blood abounding in the Brain and from extravasated Blood stopping or oppressing the Ventricles of the Brain sleepy Disease and especially an Apoplexy is sometimes occasioned Thirdly It is certain that a Comatose Disease proceeds from a Tumor that oppresses the Brain by its weight Fourthly Immoderate Vapors carried to the Head may be the cause of a Sympathetick Coma. Fifthly From the immoderate use of Narcotick Medicines inwardly taken so deep a Sleep is occasioned that many by the imprudent use of Opium have slept their last That Sleepy Diseases are occasioned by Flegmatick Humours stagnating in the Brain is known by a Flegmatick Habit of Body by old Age or Childhood by a cold or moist Season or Country by the Suppression of the Excretion of Flegm by the Mouth and Nostrils and for that the Sick before the coming of this Disease was afflicted with a Dulness of the Head Dimness of Sight and Unaptness for Motion and because in the Disease Flegm flows from the Mouth and Nostrils or falling upon the Throat is frequently swallowed down by the Sick That Blood produces a sleepy Disease is known by a Plethorick Disposition by Redness of the Face and by a Pain in the Head foregoing this Disease That the Sympathetick Disease arises from Vapors elevated to the Brain is known by the absence of those Signs which signifie an Idiopathetick Disease also by the signs of the peculiar disorder of the Parts from whence Vapors are transmitted to the Brain A very thin Diet is to be ordered at the beginning of these Diseases and when the Fit is off the Sick to prevent a Relapse must forbear all strong Liquors and be fed with Barly and Oat-meal Broths or with Chicken Broth and sometimes especially when he Purges with Chickens Lamb and the like When a Physician is first called to a Patient that is seized with a sleepy Disease he must endeavour by all means to rowse him by offering Violence to all his Senses and therefore he must expose his Eyes to the Sun-beams or to a clear Light his Ears must be filled with violent Noises and Clamours and the Sick must be sure to be called aloud by his own name sharp things are to be blown up his Nostrils the Sense of Touching
Pain is a Solution of the Continuum occasioned by things that bite and distend and those things that chiefly and most frequently bite and distend the Stomach are Humours or Wind whereunto may be added Worms velicating the Tunicks of the Stomach Acrid and Malignant Humours as green or Black Choler salt Flegm corrupt Ichor Stinking Matter coming from an Abscess of the Liver or Breast broken and poured upon the Stomach and all other Acrimonious Humours may occasion a Pain of the Stomach Also acid Vapours arising from the said Humours may occasion the same Pain Wind also contained in the Cavity of the Stomach may occasion Inflation and a painful Tension but especially when it is contained within the Tunicks of the Stomach which makes the Disease obstinate because it can be hardly discussed Diseases also of the Stomach and of the neighbouring Parts are wont to occasion this Pain as a hot or cold Intemperies Inflammation Schirrhus or any other hard Tumour occasioning a heavy Pain And lastly Wounds and Ulcers of the Part and Tumours and Inflations of the Neighbouring Parts by pressing the Stomach may occasion Pain But Humours and Wind that occasion the Pain of the Stomach are either generated in the Stomach or flow from the whole Body or some Parts of it from the whole Body in Feavers or when the Body is full of ill Humours from other Parts but especially from the Liver Spleen and Brain from the Liver flows Choler from the Spleen Melancholly and black Choler from the Head salt Flegm Also from other extraordinary and rare Causes such a Pain may arise as from Stones generated in the Stomach and the like Fabritius Hildanus relates that a Matron having swallowed a piece of the Rine of Bacon kept it in her Stomach two Years and was afflicted with continual Pain and at length by taking a Vomit she cast it up and was cured External causes occasioning this Disease are either Meats infected with an ill Quality or indued with a great deal of Acrimony which are sufficient of themselves to occasion such a Pain or they are apt to generate Winds or taken in too great a quantity they putrifie and become Acrimonious or they are too hot Or strong and acrid Medicines or such as are indued with a destructive Faculty may occasion the Pain or when they are taken in too great a quantity or not being well corrected and Poisons may also occasion the same Pain The Diagnostick Signs are to be directed to the Part affected and to the cause and first the Situation of the Pain shews that the upper Orifice of the Stomach is affected when it is perceived under the Xiphoid Cartilage but the violence of the Pain occasioned by the exquisite sense of the Part shews more certainly that this Part is affected and that it is a true Cardialgia so do the Anxiety and Restlesness so that the Sick cannot abide in one Posture there is also Fainting and Swooning by Reason of the Consent of the Heart wherewith there is a great Sympathy not only by Reason of the Nearness but because there is a great Loss of Spirits by the violence of the Pain sometimes also the Brain is affected by Sympathy by reason of the great Nerve that is implanted in this Part and because acrid Vapours are elevated to the Head from the Stomach upon which account Head-achs Giddiness and the Falling-Sickness arise sometimes In other Parts of the Stomach there are also sharp Pains but they are not accompanied with so grievous Symptoms and they resemble Chollick Pains but they differ in Situation The causes occasioning these Pains are distinguished by their proper Signs whereof the most plain are known by things evacuated for if Flegm or Choler or Wind or Worms are ejected by Vomit or Stool it is easie to conjecture that the Disease proceeds from such Causes but though there be no Evacuation of the Morbifick Matter we may know by peculiar Signs when Choler Flegm or Wind abounds The Signs also of Worms may be taken from the Chapter of Worms and the peculiar Diseases of the Stomach it self or of the Neighbouring Parts occasioning this Disease may be known by every ones proper Signs the Humour causing the Pain may be also guessed at by the Time of the Invasion of its Increase and Cessation for in some the Pain is worst before eating and this signifies that Choler prevails which when the Sick is fasting is drawn into the Stomach or becomes more acrid thereby in others the Pain begins presently after eating because the crude and biting Humours which before lay quiet in the Tunicks of the Stomach are disturbed by eating or being seated in the bottom of the Stomach they at that time are raised and offend the upper Orifice and in some the Pain is worst whilst the Meat is concocting because acrid and biting Vapours are elevated from the Morbifick Matter by the Heat increased in the Stomach at the Time of Concoction in others four or five Hours after eating because the Meat is corrupted by the Concoction being depraved by which means it velicates the Stomach in others the Pain is augmented after Sleep and this is occasioned by a Catarrh the Humour flowing from the Brain in the Sleep which being heaped up in a great quantity occasions Pain when the Sick awakes but the Pain is sometimes quieted by eating the Acrimony of the Humours being asswaged by the Benignity of the Food As to the Prognostick it is certain that a Cardialgia is much more dangerous than other Pains of the Stomach by reason of the exquisite sense of the Mouth of the Stomach and the great Sympathy that is betwixt that and the principle parts The greater or lesser is the Pravity of the Morbifick cause and the violence of the Symptoms so is the Danger more or less A continual and acute Feaver joined with a great Pain of the Stomach threatens great Danger for Hippocrates says Aphor. 65. Section 5. A great Heat about the Stomach and Cardiogmos in Feavers are ill for they signifie a great Quantity of vitious Humours contained in the Stomach A Pain of the Stomach occasioned by Worms or Wind is most commonly less dangerous for that the Cause is not so obstinate and not fixed to the Part but yet sometimes violent Symptoms arise from Worms contained in the Stomach and biting it whereby the Sick is presently killed and also when the Intemperies occasioning Wind is obstinate as it were habitual it is not without Danger because it degenerates into a dry Dropsie Hippocrates Aphor. 7. Sect. 4. says That Coldness in the extream parts in a Cardialgia portends Death The Cure of this Disease is to be varied according to the Variety of the Causes for if it arises from the Diseases of other Parts the Cure of them must be taken Care of but if the Cause be seated in the Stomach it self the Pain proceeds either from Wind or sharp and cholerick Humours or from an Inflammation Abscess or