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A13839 A synopsis or compendium of the fathers, or of the most famous and ancient doctors of the Church, as also of the schoolmen Wherein is clearely shewed how much is to be attributed to them, in what severall times they lived, with what caution they are to be read, and which were their perfections, which their errors. A treatise most necessary, and profitable to young divines, and delightfull to all such whose studies in humanity take from them the leisure, though not the desire of reading the fathers; whose curiosity this briefe surveigh of antiquity will in part satisfie. Written in Latin by that reverend and renowned divine, Daniel Tossanus, chiefe Professor of Divinity in the University of Heidelberge, and faithfully Englished by A.S. Gent.; Synopsis de patribus. English Tossanus, Daniel, 1541-1602.; Stafford, Anthony. 1635 (1635) STC 24145; ESTC S118496 31,571 108

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those things already consecrated by prayer and thanksgiving This among other things some approve not of in Iustinus Martyr that while hee labours to convince the Gentiles out of the writings of the Philosophers hee sometimes attributes too much to the later whose subtilty certainely did not penetrate to these mysteries of the kingdome of heaven At that time flourished the Alexandrian an Schoole Commodus being Emperour and namely the famous Clemens Alexandrinus anno 195. many of whose writings are yet extant in Greeke as the adhortatory booke against the Gentiles called Protrepticos three bookes of the Schoolemaster wherein hee teacheth the Sonne of God to be our Tutor and what ought to bee the manners of Christians Commentaries of the divers and manifold literature required to institute a Christian Philosopher Lib. 3. strom hee makes mention of a Gospell according to the Egyptians wherein there is a saying of Christ to Solon Veni ad dissolvendum opera foeminae I came to dissolve the workes of the woman But they are fabulous That in his second booke of the Schoole-master seemeth to some harsh and may bee wrested to a more hard construction Duplicem esse Sanguinem Domini alterum carnalem quo redempti sumus alterum spiritualem quo uncti et hoc essebibere sanguinem Domini incorruptionis eius esse participem That there is a two-fold blood of our Lord the one carnall whereby wee are redeemed the other spirituall wherewith wee are anointed and this is to drinke the blood of our Lord to be a partaker of his Incorruption Where the blood of Christ is improperly put for the effect or fruit thereof Origen was the Disciple of Clement under Severus the Emperour ann 200. after Christ who being from his Infancy throughly grounded in al kind of learning had also an incredible zeale in comforting the Martyrs as also industry and acutenesse in confuting the Philosophers and those Arrabians who would have soules to dye with their bodies as also Berillus the Hereticke who denyed the eternity of Christ whom at length hee reduc'd into the right way See Euseb lib. 6. cap. 2. and 4. But as the sharpest and best metled Knives easily grow dull or are broken so oftentimes the most acute wits either by too much confidence or inconstancy are soone overthrowne So it befell Origen who for his many errours as of all soules created at once of the Resurrection of new bodies according to substance of the salvation of the Divels at last of the possibility of the Law against the Doctrine of Iustification is ranked rather with the Heretickes than the Fathers Of the Origenists Heretickes see Saint Augustine cap 43. de haeresib and Epiphanius who with a strong endevour of minde opposed Origen and Hieram Tom. 6. confuteth some of his errours Yet wanteth hee not his defenders who excuse him and thinke many things to be falsly imputed to him as Pamphi●us the Priest Ruffinus and Chrysostome Some of his books are yet extant as eight bookes of Principles against Celsus and Commentaries upon Pentateucham and the Epistle to the Romans At the same time lived S. Tertullian whom the Historians make somewhat ancienter than Origen His writings are extant in Latine in a stile harsh and rough enough although in some places as the Learned affirme it is mutilated and misplaced especially in what he wrote against Marcia and Praxea He wrote many things not to be dispised of praescriptions against Heretickes of Patience of the flesh of Christ of the resurrection of Christ of the Trinity of Baptisme but above all his Apology against the Gentiles deserves prayse which as Saint Hierome affirmes containes the learning of all Ages In other of his books he is either too pure or too crabbed and severe as in his booke touching flight in persecution which hee simply dis-allowes also in his booke of Fasting of the Cloke of the Crowne of a Souldier of Virgins to be veyled But in his bookes to his Wife and of having one onely Wife Monogamy and of the exhortation to Chastity he seemes to embrace the errors of Montanus Saint Hierome thinkes Tertullian to have beene provoked to this by the Roman Clergie B. Rhenanus excuseth him thus That in the time of Persecution and the day of Judgement as most of the Ancients then thought being at hand hee judged Mariage not greatly to be desired Hee was addicted to the opinion of the Chiliasts as is collected out of his third booke against Marcio In his booke against Praxea are many dangerous phrases as Patrem tota substantia Deum esse Filium derivatione et portione aliqua Deitatis That the Father is God according to the whole substance the Sonne by derivation and some part of the God-head Saint Augustine de Genes ad literam lib. 10. cap. 25. notes also this errour in Tertullian that he beleeved the soule to be a body for no other cause saith the same Father then that hee could not thinke it to be incorporeall fearing lest it should be nothing if it were not a body Neither could hee conceive otherwise of God himselfe to whom he gave a body Which notwithstanding S. Augustine elsewhere so interprets as if he there understood by a body a Nature or Substance Yet are these Acurologiai to be avoyded These things considered who seeth not how preposterous the judgements of the Papists are who complaine of the obscurity of the Scriptures and tye us to the Fathers that is lead us from certainties to uncertainties from things simply true to doubtfull from cleare to troubled and perplexed For whether or no they did it out of weakenesse or out of policy to draw and allure the heathen to them it is incredible to be spoken sometimes how wittily and sometimes againe how simply the Fathers of those times have Philosophiz'd concerning things Divine To omit Ceremonies many of which the Papists themselves have changed as that in the time of Tertullian milke and wine were given to the Baptized that Christians abstained from Sawsiges and Puddings that they offer'd sacrifices for the dead and on birth dayes In the yeare of Christ 250. Decius and Valerianus being Emperours flourished Coecilius Cyprianus an Affrican Hee was first a Rhetorician then a Priest next a Bishop and at length a Martyr of Christ whom Lactantius commends for perspicuity and elegancy of phrase Erasmus gives him this Testimony Si omnia Cypriani opera haberemus quae magna ex parte interciderunt cum unum multorum instar haberi posse sive Eloqu●ntiam sive Doctrinam sive Apostolici Spiritus vigorem spectes If we had all Cyprians workes whereof many are lost hee alone would in value counterpoize many either in respect of Eloquence Doctrine or the vigour of the Apostolicall spirit Gratianus in 1 parte Decreti Dist 15. can 3. when he numbreth the Fathers received in the Church beginneth with Saint Cyprian Except his Epistles and some other short Tracts as