the Woman rises before day So that there be some Armenians that in 10 years after they are Married never saw their Wives Faces nor never heard them speak For tho her Husband may speak to her and all the rest of her Kindred yet she never answers but with a nod The Women never eat with their Husbands but if the Men Feast their Friends the Women Feast theirs the next day Tavernier l. 4. c. 12. Mexico In Mexico the Bridegroom and the Bride stood before the Priest who took them by the hands asking if they would Marry Understanding their will he took a corner of the Veil wherewith the Woman had her Head covered and a corner of the Man's Gown which he tied together on a Knot and so led them thus tied to the Bridegroom's House where after the Wife had gone seven times about a Fire kindled on a Hearth they sate down together and the Marriage was contracted Purchas Sclavonia In Sclavonia they rarely permit their Women to Marry till they are 24 years of age nor the men till they are 30. S. Clark Mahometans Marriage is to be sought say the Turks for Procreation not Lust the fit time is about 25 years of Age 't is to be Celebrated with Prayers and Praises and modest shamefulness and they ought to learn each other to read if either party be ignorant but now 't is degenerate from the antient Simplicity for if a Man likes a young Woman he buys her of her Father and then Inrolls her in the Cadi's Book the Marriage following with all Bacchanal Solemnities The Father gives only some small pieces of Houshold-goods with her When he dislikes any of his Wives he sells them or gives them to his Men-slaves They sit not at Table with their Husbands but wait and serve them and then they Dine by themselves not admitting any man into their Company above 12 years old and they never go abroad without leave except to the Bath and on Thursday to Weep at the Graves of the Dead They rise to their Husbands and stand while they are in presence Nor is any part of their Body to be seen by any man only the Brother may see the Sister but not the Husband's Brother And for this cause they are kept closely mewed up and not suffered to buy and sell Purchas Frugality Jews THE Antient Hebrews used a Frugality in the Simplicity of their Fare Bread and Water c. as may be seen in the Lives of the Patriarchs and Prophets at most Bread and Flesh and sometimes Milk Wine or Oyl c. In their Apparel the Skins of Beasts Cloth of Camels Hair Girdles of Leather in their Buildings Utensils Entertainments c. Yet without doubt in process of time they as other People grew lavish and profuse in their Expences for which they are sometimes smartly reproved by the Prophets especially Isaiah c. 3. Christians Our Saviour Christ gave his followers both Precepts and an Example of Frugality in taking up with so mean Provision himself of Lodging Diet Raiment and Retinue and giving strict Orders after his Frugal tho Miraculous Treats that the Fragments should be gathered up and care taken that nothing might be lost The Sacraments which he Instituted for the use of his Church both of them consisting of Elements which are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 easy to be procured and not chargeable are an Evidence of the same thing It were an endless task to enquire into the Frugal Lives of the Ancient Christians Ecclesiastical Story abounds with Examples Anonym Ancient Heathens The Old Romans had theit Sumptuarias Leges which set bounds to their Expences especially in Feasting and Entertainments and Officers called Epulones to over-see all the Sacred Banquets The Heathen Worthies are often represented Clothed with Skins of Beasts Cato Major when Old and after his Consulship and Triumph never used any Garment above the value of 100 Denarii and for his Food 30 Asses served him a day Augustus the Emperour's Daughters wore Garments of their own Spinning With the Massilians a Woman's greatest Portion was not above 100 Aurei Yet notwithstanding in following Ages as they grew prosperous and rich they grew extremely Lxurious and Profuse concerning which they are taxed very sharply by the Satyrists of the times especially Juvenal Turks The Turks tho they often Game yet 't is always for nothing M. de Thev The Chinese delight excessively in all sorts of Game and when they have lost care not tho they stake Wives and Children whom they willing-part with till they can Redeem them Sir Tho. Herb. Japon 'T is a Capital Crime among the Japonese to play for Mony Tavernier's Collect. c. p. 4. Heathens In Fermosa Gaming whether that which depends upon Chance or requires Skill is Capital if it be for Mony Mandelslo Muscovites The Muscovites spend but little in House-keeping See before in the Chap. of Self-denial Christians Sir Thomas More 's Father would never let his Son have any Mony but when he wanted any thing he should ask for it and by that means saith Sir Thomas I could not furnish any Vice or Fleasure nor knew I what Unthriftiness or Luxury meant Author of the Education of Young Gentlemen Russians In Muscovy all the Subjects are appointed what kind of Apparel especially of what Colour c. they shall wear by their Czar or Emperor Papists Dr. Burnet in his Letter dated from Rome 1685. saith That the present Pope was so Frugal that the Expence of his Table did not amount to a Crown a day tho this saith he is indeed short of Sisto the 5th who gave order to his Steward never to exceed 25 Bajoicks that is 18 Pence a day for his Diet. Switzers When Estates are sold among the Switzers the fifth part of the Price belongs to the Publick and all the Abatement the Bailiff can make is to bring it to a sixth part this they call the Lod from Alodium only there are some Lands that are Frank-lod which lye not under this Tax but this falling only on the Sellers of Estates it was thought a just Punishment and a wise Restraint on ill Husbands of their Estates Dr. Burnet's Letters Mahometans The Turks generally hate that Lightness in Apparel Speech Gesture c. used of the Christians whom for this cause they call Apes and Goats likewise they are not Sumptuous in their private Buildings Yea detest the Christains for their Excess and Superfluous Expences that way What say they do these Pagans think they shall live for ever and the like moderation they use in Diet c. Purchas out of Septemcast Papists Augustinus Chiessius a Banker at Rome at the christening of his Son entertained Leo the 10th upon the River Tibris and all the Foreign Embassadors and City Nobles with curious Fare dished out in costly Plate and on the change of every Service all the Meats Plate and all were cast into the River and new supplied Mr. Jo. Hales Dancing Jews THAT Dancing was used
in their Lusts sparing neither Women nor Boys Rosse Calender The Calenders profess porpetual Virginity and have their own peculiar Temples or Chappels They wear a short Coat of Wooll and Horse-hair without Sleeves Their Hair is short Felt-hats on their Heads from which hang Tufts of Horse-hair about a hand-breadth They wear Rings in their Ears and about their Necks and Arms and in their Yard an Iron or Silver Ring whereby they are forced to live chastly They go about reading certain Rhimes or Ballads Rosse Torlaques The Torlaques are cloathed as the Dervises but wear also a Bears-skin instead of a Cloak They go bare-headed and shave anointing their Heads with Oil against the Cold and burn their Temples against Defluxions Their Life is Beastly and Beggarly begging in every corner Robbing and Plundering in desart places by a Pretence to Palmestry picking silly Womens Pockets whilst they are looking in their Hands c. Given to Sodomy and all Uncleanness They have commonly an old Man with them whom they worship as their Prophet who where they cannot get Money prophesieth Destruction against the House on purpose to terrifie c. Other Promiscuous Sects There are many other Sects among the Mahometans concerning which I can meet with no distinct and sufficient Information Nor is it a matter of any great Moment if I give but a defective account of them being as Inconsiderable for their Worth as our Highway-men or Gypsies amongst us excepting that some of them are more Innocent and Charitable However it be they are by Profession Religious Some going naked except their Privities Summer and Winter cutting and slashing their Bodies to shew their Patience Some professing Poverty enjoying nothing Some professing Abstinence Eating and Drinking little Some professing Perpetual Silence c. Some professing Solitude avoiding all Society Some professing Revelations Visions c. Some professing Contemplation with Feathers on their Heads Some professing Obedience with Rings in their Ears Some professing Voluntary Servitude with Chains on their Necks and Arms. Some professing Hospitality giving Pitchers of Water to the thirsty Traveller Some dwell at the Graves of the Dead living on what People will give them Some are Antinomians affirming that there is no use of the Law but that Men are Saved by Grace Some are for Traditions and Merits addicting themselves wholly to Meditation Prayer Fasting c. Some affirm a Man may be Saved in any Religion and therefore make no scruple to go into Christian Churches to sign themselves with the Cross and besprinkle themselves with Holy Water Rosse Ancient Heathens Pythagoreans 1. THeir Author was Pythagoras who set up a new Philosophy in Italy about A. M. 3513. V. C. 213. 2. Their Dogmata or Religious Sentiments 1. They held that Souls were Immortal 2. They asserted a Metempsychosis or Transmigration of Souls 3. They maintained a strict Conjunction amongst themselves and a Community of Goods Vossius 4. They abstained from eating of Flesh and Beans See Hierocles 5. Their first Lesson was to learn to be silent Platonicks 1. Their Author was Plato Suavissimis ille Socratis Cygnâ—s saith the Learned Vossius who was born A. M. 3623. V. C. 322. who set out his Philosophical Studies with an admirable Eloquence and excelled in all kind of Learning 2. Their Dogmata 1. That there was one Supreme God but besides him two sorts of Gods to whom they ought to do Sacrifice Demons and Heroes 2. That there was an Idea which he made to be a fifth cause 3. That the World had a Beginning 4. That the end of Philosophy was to be made like unto God 5. That there was a Pre-existence of Souls Max. Tyr. 6. That Knowledge is only Remembrance viz. of what our Souls knew in their State of Pre-existence 7. That an Injury is not to be returned 8. That God is not to be prayed unto 9. That Images are to be dedicated to the Gods Peripateticks 1. Their Author was Aristotle that Prodigy of Wit who if ever any Man had Nature at his beck Plato's Scholar and Adversary and Alexander's Tutor born as Stagyra A. M. 3670. 2. Their Dogmata Here I confess I have little to say Aristotle being a great Philosopher but little Divine having an Eagle's Eye in the Disquisation of Nature but a very Buzzard in Spirituals insomuch that it would tempt one to Father Religio Medico upon him 1. He held that the World had no beginning Cicero 1. Tusc 2. Yet that the Gods were the Governours of it Cicer. de Nat. De. 3. That the Soul was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a continual and everlasting Motion 4. Sometimes he makes 1. The Mind God c. 2. The World God c. 3. The Heat of Heaven God c. 5. That all things which are according to Nature are Good those which are contrary are Evil that Riches were Good 6. That Vertue is to be desired and valued above all other things Philosophers Epicureans 1. THeir Author was Epicurus born at Athens A. M. 3711. 2. Their Dogmata or Sentiments were 1. That all things had their beginning from Atoms by a Fortuitous concourse of them 2. That all things were govern'd by Fate and Fortune 3. That God neither troubled himself nor others with any business 4. Yet that the Nature of the Gods was so excellent that it should of it self allure a Wise man to a Religious Veneration Cicero 5. That Souls perished with their Bodies Vossius 6. That Sense was the Rule by which we ought to make a Judgment of things 7. That our Felicity consists in Pleasure Cynicks 1. Their Author was Antisthenes who was Master also to Diogenes 2. Their Sentiments 1. That there were many Popular Gods yet but one Natural the maker of all things 2. That the end of Cynicism was Vivere ex Virtute 3. That Impiety was to be avoided Frugality to be embraced 4. That men were to be bluntly rebuked 3. That Filthy things were to be expressed in their own Names without regard to modesty Cicero Offic. Stoicks 1. Their Author was Zeno Citticus born A. M. 3790. 2. Their Sentiments These differed not much from the Cynicks and had some Communion with the Academicks 1. They placed Happiness in Vertue alone 2. They commended Aâ—stâ—mium much Zeâ—â— himself being a Pattern of that Vertue by which he is said to have lived without Sickness to the ninetieth year of his Age Vossius 3. They wore long hair from whence that Phrase in Juvenal Crine Stoicus Some of the Stoicks thought all should be burnt to Ashes and then would follow an immediate Restoration of all things AN APPENDIX Concerning the Vaudois 1. THeir History A considerable part of Italy especially the Seven Provinces of Liguria Aemilia Flaminia Venctia The Alpes Cottian and Greek and Rhetia whereof Milan was the Capital City were govern'd by a Lieutenant of their own Here the Gospel being planted flourished in S. Ambrose's time and so continued down to the Reformation save only that sometimes by the
Gold Coins Pictures and Statues to be represented as a Person Praying with Hands spread abroad and Eyes lift up to Heaven Dr. Cave Mr. Ignatius Jurdaine Merchant was wont for many years even to old Age Winter and Summer to rise between two and three a clock to his private Devotions continuing there till six and then proceeded to Family-Duties Clark Myconius sending in a Letter to Luther that he was Sick not unto Death but unto Life Luther wrote to him again that he prayed that he and others his Friends might survive him and that he might not be left alone with his dry exhausted and wearied Body to combat with Devils here below Hoc peto hoc volo fiat voluntas mea Amen which accordingly came to pass for Myconius recovered of his Consumption and lived six years after Insomuch that Justus Jonas saith of Luther Potuit quod voluit Fuller 's Lives Persians The Persians never undertake any thing but they pronounce the Bismilla in the name of God and sometimes say Behnam ohuki namesch herez Tzanehafr i. e. in his Name who is the Refuge and Protection of Souls They express a great Attention and Devotion in their Prayers I have seen them in their Metschid at Ispahan when they had their Eyes so fastened on the Ground or lift up to Heaven that they would not take any notice of one D. of Holst Emb. Trav. p. 279. Mahometans The Mahometans or Infidels of Indostan or East-India whatever Impediments they have at home or abroad they constantly Pray five times every day viz. at six nine and twelve in the Morning and three and six in the Afternoon The Mogul the Prince himself does so and the meanest Shepherd that waits on his Flock in the Field and if they can they perform their Devotions in their Moschits or Churches Most go to Prayers every day at least to those of Noon Quindy and Akscham A Mahometan told a Reverend Divine of England Resident of the Great Mogul's Court There was said he a most Devout Mussel-man who had his Habitation in a great City where Mahomet was zealously professed who for many years together spent his whole days in the Mosquit not minding the World at all so that this Family was become very Poor ready to Famish He leaves them one morning in this low Condition takes a solemn Leave of his Wife and Children resolving for his part to go and Pray and Dye in the Mosquit if no Relief came and leaving his Family to Famish at home But that very day there came to his House a beautiful young Man as he appeared who gave to his Wife a considerable quantity of Gold bound up in a white Napkin telling her that God had now remembred her Husband and sent him his Pay for his Constant Pains in Devotions c. Her Husband at his return at night brought nothing but a little Grit or Sand which he opened to shew and it was all turned into precious Stones c. the seventh part of which he gave to the Poor for said he a Musselman is very Charitable Adding If we do not forget God he will not forget us This Story seems Incredible but 't is related by the nameless Author of Indost and E. Ind. The Moors about Fesse in the beginning of any Labour or Journey looking up to Heaven with a low Voice say Bismillah i. e. in the Name of God Morden In passing by one another they say Salem alleque Peace be with thee at the hearing of one Sneeze God be your Keeper Idem The Moors Pray five times a day first about Noon second about three a clock third at Sun-set fourth a little within Night fifth a little before day in Winter Idem When the Mahometans mount on Horse-back Play or Eat they say Bismillah M. de Thev In some parts of Cathay the Monks Pray on strings full of Nut-shells Rosse Chinese Papists Persians and Muscovites in Praying use Beads though not all nor always The more Puritanical sort of Turks have a Tesbuch a kind of Chaplet or String of Beads consisting of 99 Beads upon each of which they repeat certain words out of the Alcoran Tavern In Ceylon also they pray on Beads Rosse Gaurs The Gaurs when they pray tye a Handkerchief about their Mouths as if they were afraid their words should mix with the Air and receive any impurity M. Tavern l. 4. c. 8. Persians The Persians cannot say their Prayers when they have any Gold about them Idem l. 5. c. 10. and therefore they never wear Jewel or Ring of Gold because it would be troublesome to pull 'em off and lay them up so many times a day Muscovites They in their Prayers consider the Virgin Mary the Evangelists Apostles and an infinite number of other Saints not only as simple Intercessors as the most intelligent affirm but also as Causes and Co-operators of their Salvation There is no Muscovite but gives his Saints and their Images the honour due only to God D. of Holst Ambass Trav. Abyssines They pray for the dead e. g. Remember Lord the Souls of thy Servants and our Father Abba Matthew and the rest of our Fathers Abba Salama and Abba Jacob c. And again Remember Lord the Kings of Ethiopia Abreha Atzbeha Caleb and Gebrak Meschah c. Release O Lord our Fathers Abba Antony and Abba Macarius c. From whence it may be fairly Justified That they admit Purgatory which yet in words they constantly deny But through Simplicity and Ignorance they are not constant to themselves for at another time they implore the Intercession of the same Souls Job Ludolph Armenians The Armenians pray not for the dead imagining that 'till the general Day of Doom they are without either Joy or Torment Sir Tho. Herb. So soon as the Armenians discover the Mountain Ararat they kiss the Earth and lifting up their Eyes to Heaven say their Prayers M. Taver Book 1. c. 4. Calvinists Corderius taught his Scholars to pray twice or thrice every day besides their Prayers at rising in the Morning and lying down at Night and also constantly at Meat And moreover advised them sometime to retire by themselves to secret Prayer Corder Collo Papists Margaret of Valois not long since Queen of France built her a Chapel provided her Chaplains and large Endowments for them that so perpetually day and night every hour successively without intermission by some one or other there might intercession be made to God for her unto the World's end a thing which her self had little thought of in her life-time as having other business to think on Mr. John Hales Formosa After the Priesttesses Juibs have fed heartily on the Offerings they proceed to Prayer which is long joyned with several distracted motions of the Eyes 'till falling to the ground they make dreadful cries and shrieks then lye immoveable on the ground extended saying in this posture the Gods communicate their mind to them then they get up to the top of the
Dei's c. have been added The Jews use the Zizith for an Amulet against Sorceries and Preserver from Dangers some superstitious Christian Women in Hierome's time wore Parvula Evangelia or short Sentences of the Gospel to the same purpose and the Papists at this day permit the wearing about their Necks the beginning of S. John's Gospel Dr. Addison Modern Heathens In Monomotapa they punish nothing more severely than Witchraft Adultery and Theft using no Prisons but punishing delinquents as soon as apprehended Dr. Heylin The Laplanders deal much in Magic and Witchcraft and Winds to Saylers that navigate those Seas S. Clark The Livonians Greenlanders and Tartars are much addicted to Sorcery The Chinese also and Inhabitants of Guinea some of the most ignorant and vulgar Chinese invoke the Devil and use Incantations So do the Mexicans and Natives of America Many in Guinea and the East-Indies wear Rings made by the Fetissero for Gods next their Bodies for Preservatives View of the Engl. Acquis in Guinea c. Rosse saith they put into these Rings Wheat Water and Oyl for their God to feed upon In Gilolo and Amboina their Daemon Nito often appears to them in the shape of a Man giving out his Oracles whom they bring to a Conference with the sound of a Tabor c. Apparitions Obsessions Jews DR Stern alledges several Instances of Scripture e. g. Samuel appearing unto Saul and the Conference betwixt them tho the most Judicious Divines are of opinion that it was not Samuel but Satan in Samuel's likeness that appeared As also the Letters sent to Jehoram by Elijah after Elijah's Translation into Heaven 2 Chron. 21.12 Compared with 2 Kings 3.11 Dr. Stern Dissert de Mort. Christian The Abissins are of opinion that now there are no Witches or Magicians in the World Ludolph Moses and Elias appeared together and had Conference with our Saviour upon the Mount Matt. 17.3 Nor is there any reason to question the reality of the Apparition or think it to be any more than a Phantasm but very Moses and Elias themselves for they came to be Witnesses c. Flav. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Augustine relates a memorable Story which fell out at Milan where a certain Citizen being Dead there came a Creditor to whom he had been indebted and unjustly demanded the Mony of his Son the Son knew the Debt was satisfied by the Father but having no acquittance to show his Father appeared to him in his Sleep and shew'd him where the Acquittance lay Aug. in lib. de carâ pro mortuis agendâ Marsilius Ficinus having made a solemn Vow with Michael Mercatus after they had been pretty warmly Disputing of the Immortality of the Soul out of the Principles of their Master Plato that whether of them two Died first should appear to his Friend and give him certain Information of that Truth Ficinus died quickly after Mâ—rcatâ—â— being early in the Morning very intent on his Studies heard a Horse Riding by with all speedy and observed that he stopt at his Window and therewith heard the Voice of his Friend Ficinus crying out a loud O Michael Michael vera vera sunt illa i. e. O Michael Michael those things are true Whereupon he suddainly opened his Window and espying Marsilius upon a white Steed called after him but he vanished out of his sight he sent therefore presently to Horence to know how Marsilius did and understood that he Died about that hour he called at his Window Flavel out of Dr. More who cites it out of Baronius Much to the same purpose is that so famous and well-attested Story of the Apparition of Major George Sydenham to Capt. William Dyke both of Somersetshire attested by the worthy and learned Dr. Tho. Dyke and by Mr. Douch to whom both the Major and Captain were intimately known The summ is this The Major and Captain had many disputes about the being of a God and the immortality of the Soul in which points they could never be resolved tho they much â—ought for and desired it and therefore it was at 〈◊〉 fully agreed betwixt them that he that died first should the Third night after his funeral come betwixt the hours of 12 and 1 to the little house in the Garden adjoyning to Major Sydenham's house at Dulverton in Somersershire The Major died first The Captain awaited at the time and place appointed for his Major but no appearance About six weeks after the Captain and Dr. Dykes went to Eaton and lay again in the same Inn but not the same Chamber as before at Dulverton The morning before they went thence the Captain staid longer than was usual in his Chamber and at length came into the Doctor 's Chamber but in a Visage and Form much differing from himself with his Hair and Eyes staring and his whole Body shaking and trembling whereat the Doctor wondring demanded the cause The Captain answered I have seen my Major if ever I saw him in my Life I saw him but now This morning said he after it was light some one came to my bed-side and suddainly drawing back the curtains calls Cap Cap the term of familiarity used by the Major to the Captain to whom I replied what my Major To which he return'd I could not come at the time appointed but I am now come to tell you that there is a God and a very just and Terrible one and if you do not turn over a new leaf you 'll find it so The Captain eat little and seemed to have these words sounding in his Ears frequently during the remainder of his Life and often related it but with trepidation and horror Flavel ex Sadducismo Triumphato 2d part p. 183. Modern Heathens Ceilan The Chingulaes in Ceilon confess That their Countrey is so full of Devils and evil spirits that unless they should adore them they would be destroyed by them Capt. Knox. I my self saith my Author have often heard the Devil with an audible voice in the night very shrill almost like the barking of a Dog The very dogs trembling and shaking when they hear it The voice is suddenly gone and heard in another place The people use to answer at such times Beef-eating slave be gone Be Damned out off his Nose Beat him a pieces Idem 1. Signs of being Possess'd with them are 1. Running mad into the woods 2. Scrieching roaring 3. Being speechless 4. Shaking and Quaking 5. Dancing Talking idle 6. Treading on the fire and not being burnt 2. Causes as they think of it are 1. Breach of promise made to the Devil 2. Eating some fruit or Betel-leaves dedicated to the Devil Which dedication was only or mostly to prevent stealing or giving C. Knox. Guinea c. In Guinea and the E. Indies they say the Devil appears sometimes like a black dog and sometimes answers without any visible appearance View of the Engl. Acquis in Guinea and the E. Indies and Mandelslo 's Trav. p. 214. Japan In Japan in the