much more of those Minerals then else the Mine would yeeld as the learned Dr. Jorden in his Discourse of Natural Baths and the ingenious Dr. Power in his Micros obs Confirmes yea and that Brass lumps which are a sort of Marcafite being laid in heaps and exposed to the moist Air or sprinkled with Water will smoke and grow exceeding hot and sometimes take fire and burn all that is about it as the foresaid Dr. Power proves So the Mines of Tin-Glass exposed after the same manner to the moist Air will become very hot and Quick-Lime will do the same The like Dr. Jorden observes in those Stone Coals called Metal Coals which are mixed with a Marcasite containing some Mineral Juyce which receiving moisture doth dilate it self and grow so hot as oftentimes great heaps of those Coals are kindled thereby and burnt before their time as hath been seen at Puddle-Wharf in London and at Newcastle although these last I account do not much differ from the aforesaid Coperas Marcasite Now seeing that all combustible Concretes may contract a heat yea may actually take flame and burn from some of the foresaid causes witness the heating and firing of a Coach-Wheel by too rapid a motion the burning of Houses Trees Men c. by Lightning and Thunder the taking flame of one combustible matter by another and lastly the self-inkindling of a Ryck of Hay or Corn which hath been laid up too moist and the taking fire of several Marcasites by being exposed to the moist Air as aforesaid Therefore I see no reason why a Meteor or Comet which suppose brought to that body of sulphurous Exhalations and taking flame from its own motion or from Lightning or from what other cause should less be reputed an Elementary Fire sub Concavo Lunae then those subterraneal fires kindled according to all probability occasionally not to say accidentally quoad nos from some of the foresaid causes should be accounted native to the Earth or naturally implanted therein for the production of all Mineral and Metalline bodies so that as the one is irrational and is exploded by our modern Philosophers so consequently the other may seem as irrational if we do but further consider First How impossible it is for actual fire to become the cause of generation of Minerals or Metals as some suppose who imagine the Fire as a Native born in the Earth seeing fire I mean flaming or glowing fire is by the gravest of Philosophers so far rejected from amongst the causes of Generation as it is rather justly to be reputed mors rerum artificiosa the death or destroyer of all things committing actual rapine upon all the Seminary Principles of bodies which fall under its tyranny dispersing and dissipating those Concretions suddenly which Nature helped by a generative heat working upon imbred Seminals had taken a long time to compile together making havock of the neat Structures of Bodies Secondly How unlikely it is for Water to be so disposed in the Earth in what Vessels can it be imagined to lodg Yea how these fancied Hydrophylacia can be so well placed as they may best be capable to receive the fires from the as much fancied Pyrophylacia without danger of the Waters falling upon the fires and quenching them so as to make the heated Hydrophylacia the cause of Hot Baths for cannot Water as easily descend or slip down those small Chinks and Cranies and smother that Demigorgon as the fire could ascend to heat these Cisterns of Water unless we imagine the Water included in some vast Kettles and so was heated by the playing of the flames about and then we must be forced to think of a Vulcan to be before his Fires who must first hammer out these large Caldrons preparing empty Vessels for us to fill with our watery conceits Thirdly If we should grant the possibility of these actual Subterraneal Fires as connatural to the Earth why should we not find Minerals and Metals melted instead of being generated and why we should not where these fires meet with Vitriol and Nitre or Vitriol and Salt find store of Aqua Fortis and meeting with Sulphur should not give us plenty of Oil of Sulphur tanquam per campanam being the winding Crevices of the Earth would do the like as Glass Bells for condenâ—ing the Vapours of fired Sulphur into a Liquor and meeting with Vitriol or Alom-stone should not calcine them to our hand so as instead of Vitriol we should find Colcothar and instead of Antimony we should find either stibium or regulus or the sublim'd flowers and so I could hold on to number up many more absurdities that would necessarily follow Fourthly If we consider how easily combustible Concrets in the bowels of the Earth where plenty of bituminous and sulphurous matter is found may and probably hath been kindled either by Lightning or by catching flame from some burning body or lastly by some of their Marcasites expos'd to the moist Air or to whom a moist Air hath had access for being once fired vires acquirit eundo it burns on as long as it finds Fuel and where store of combustible matter is as without doubt there is in all the Vulcano's there cannot but be plenty of Heterogeneous mixtures as of Stone Gravel Earth c. which together with the combustible matter is thrown up at the mouths of those subterraneous Furnaces which if they as by continuance of time may by constant burning so undermine the ground as at some times a vast quantity of Earth and other Rubbish fall upon it then being forc't to seek another passage forth and cannot suddenly or at least not so much as the force of the fire requires it being obstructed in its passage causeth Earthquakes but at last finding vent makes new Eruptions thrown forth in such abundance of Stones and Earth as sometimes is sufficient if it happen under the Sea to make a new Island witness what Kircher reports hapned Kirch Mund. Subter pag. 77. Anno. 1638. ad insulam Sti. Michaelis in Mari Athlantico Stimulantibus ignibus subterraneis tantum lapidum in medio Maris egestum fuit ut inde insula lapidibus in montes custervatis nata sese ad quinque milliarium latitudinem extenderit As also in Agro Puteolano Novus mons ex Mari unius noctis saevientis naturae subterraneae violentia protuberans also Vulcanus Liparitanus he further adds Tantum cinerum saxorum que ante annos circiter sexaginta speaking from the time his Book was writ ejecisse fertur ut juxta sese in medio Mari quem ideò vulcanellum veluti filium a patre genitum vocant produxerit which he confirms by his own Observation And to confirm further what we say concerning the occasional or accidental inkindling of combustible matter in the intrals of the Earth I shall call in a Testimonial Instance out of Mr. Burton's History of Leicestershire who saith That at Coal-Eaton in that County in the beginning of the
which grow from the very same Juyce the Stone it vegetates from had its nourishment only it is determined into that form by the imbred plastick power of that stony Plant and becomes like if I may so say a Misletoe of the Rock Yea and from one or both causes aforesaid hath for ought we know all the rocky and stony productions in the bowels of the Earth had their original But to be short Petrifaction as to the Duelech or Calculus humanus the subject we chiefly now have in hand I see no reason to the contrary but look upon it as chiefly seminaly else how comes it that little Children are sometimes grievously tormented with fits and die of the Stone As I have seen a young Child after death opened whose Reins contained one large Stones besides divers other lesser ones by which it should appear that the inclinatio petrifica which is the same with a petrifying Seed was at first impressed upon the Seminals of its constitution and in such where the petrifying Seed is at work the nutritive Juyce can never be so pure nor the Steinors or Colanders of the Vessels be so accurate in their functions but the Stone and Gravel will be increased the Spirit of Urine will coagulate it self upon its innate Earth and so cause a concretion of a sabulous matter although much more from some sorts of Meats and Drinks then from others amongst ordinary Drinks Ale that is hard blenk'd or new thick and unwrought or Wine which is not depurated from its Tartar by due fermentation are very prejudicial somenters of the Stone so is Bread not well baked Meat not well cooked and prepared and in fine what ever contributes to the Fabrick of the nutritive Juyce when through the weakness or error of the ferments reluctancy of that which is taken or injustice of the distributive powers a feculent tartarous or sabulous matter is sequestred and either thrown upon the Vessels or transmitted by the current of the Latex into other more fine Collanders and Streinors of the Body Then the Stone Gout Jaundice Diarrhaeas Dysenteries Feavers c. are in time brought forth especially to such persons whose constitutions or peculiar fabrick of their constituent parts whether Liquid in Vessels or Solids are most inclinable and consequently most susceptable of such Diseases Therefore respect must primarily be had to the inclinatio petrifica podagrica or natural inclination to the Stone or Gout for to such not only the Waters which contain a sabulous matter but also the common nutritive Juyce made from our ordinary food may singly or conjoyntly bring forth or else exasperate the fits of the Stone Gout c. for the sabulous matter of the Waters as well as the tartarous recrements of our food being imbibed by the Latex of the Blood doth the one as well as the other by its various filtratures and percolations leave its precipitate upon the Streinors Bowels and Membranous Parts causing the foresaid Diseases in Bodies inclinable thereunto Now in what my Antagonist glorieth this our Author and Friend accounts no less then the shame of the Scarbrough Water viz. That it contains such a large quantity of the Minerals as he calls them including together with the noble Salt also the dirty faeces and stony matter which without doubt if any thing is its greatest disparagement But here as we shall accuse the one of vanity and to have done it not for want of ignorance in the critical Analysis of that Water So the other we shall no less impeach of too tart a reflection upon the same and of raising a theoretick Fabrick from too sandy a foundation But before we prescribe our Remedy to prevent petrifaction c. I shall first bring the matter in controversie to the test by propounding onely this following Experiment which I have not yet but may God willing take the opportunity of trying at this Spaw-time which will certaiuly answer this querie viz. whether the Scarborew water doth leave any considerable quantity of its sabulous matter in the body whereby it may give just cause of suspition of furthering or increasing the Stone Gout Jaundice c. the Experiment is this viz. To save the Urin of a calculous gouty or other such like Patient after he hath drank plentifully of the Spaw which is onely to be saved after the Urin comes untinged from him to the quantity of two or three quarts and to distil that in a Glass Body or Retort or barely to evaporate it in a Jar Glass and so to try whether indeed it hath or no left any considerable quantity of its sabulous matter in the body which may truly be computed from the more or less quantity of the stony matter left behind after evaporation or distillation compared with the residence of the same quantity of the Spaw Water distilled or evaporated fresh from the Fountain A Method Prescribed For the right use of the Scarbiough-Water NOW come I to give my Receipt how to prevent petrifaction by propounding a Method for the right use and improvement of the Water where first I advise all Patients who would take this Water for their best advantage and help for the prevention or cure of the Stone Gout Scurvy Jaundice Palsies Epilepsies Asthma or other chronical Diseases to begin with a gentle Vitrioline Vomit the Dose to be ordered according to the discretion of the advising Physitian which may be done although the Patient hath for some time drunk of the Water for this sort of Vonrit which is surely the safest in the World doth not onely carry off plenty of a depraved matter involved in the Tunicles of the Stomach the fomenter of most Diseases whether Acute or Chronical but also strengthens the Fibres of the Stomach and other Membranes through the whole body reducing them to their proper Tone which the generality of Solutions yea the too frequent use of this Spaw Water is apt to relax and to make them flag and hang the depravation of whose oeconomy makes them forgetful of their offices and renders them susceptible of a stony incrustation from the sabulum of the Water and hereby they become the cause of all those Diseases which happen upon those who incautiously drink and that long and plentifully of this Spaw Water and hence it is that after a months drinking of the Water it sometimes happens that the Appetite or Concoction decayes which my Antagonist acknow ledgeth or the Waters pass not so well but cause distention in the Belly or Veins and so brings on a difficulty of breathing pain in the head c. All which may be now remedyed by the method we are now propounding for this kind of Vomit which may as occasion shall require be safely repeated doth fortifie the membranous parts notably and makes them mindful of their duties after which the Patient may for two or three mornings drink pretty freely of the Waters using moderate exercise after as walking upon the Sands or in their
either Vitriol or the Juyce of Vitriol is this Spirit which corrodes bodies but it is the Esurine Salt whether concrete or liquid viz. whether in the form of a Salt or Liquor which proves the menstruum in mineral solutions So that it 's plain that either you understand not this Author quoting him because a Chymist right or wrong or else you designedly wrest his words from his own to speak your sence And now how truly you say that you have with good reason exploded and sufficiently confuted what I say concerning this Esurine Salt pag. 48. viz. that it cannot imbibe or work upon any other Mineral then one let the judicious Reader upon scanning both determine As to the fourth and last way how the nature and vertue of Minerals and Metals do impregnate Waters which is by confusion I might justly reject it as not worthy further scanning but that I find you bringing in an instance how you understand your mixture by confusion a tearm I confess big enough to cause a jangle and that is that a Mineral that is dissoluable in Water as Vitriol Nitre or Salt may be so fully taken into the Water as that the Water and Mineral are confusedly joyned together every drop of the Water having something of Mineral Particles and every particle of them mixed with the Water To which I answer Hydroph that if so you expound your mixture by confusion as when Vitriol and Salts as Nitre Sal marine c. are dissolv'd in Water I pray you then what mean you by regular or uniform mixtures of bodies how differs this from the mixture of Juyces of Minerals and amongst them of the Juyce of Vitriol according to your own judgment in Water either this confused mixture is the same with that of the Juyce as you speak of Minerals or not if the same then it is confusion without jesting a multiplication of Entities at least the Entia rationis without cause if it be not the same then you should have done well to have shewn us the difference and so put the matter beyond dispute as you lay it down I see no ground of distinction at all for you say Every drop of the Water hath something of the Mineral Particles and every Particle of them is mixed with the Water that is in short they are mixed per minima How these should be confus'd and yet different from the mixture of the succulent parts of Minerals in Water is I confess beyond my understanding in Philosophy If you had Hydroph brought the matter to a compute and given the proportions between bodies and their menstruums in other kinds of your supposed mixtures then your notions had not been so confus'd but we might have distinguished them But by the by I would a little take notice of that instance you bring out oâ— Galen treating of the four Elements meeting iâ— every mixt body Ea tota per se confundi suâ— eorum substantiis misceri docet by which it should seem as if the four Elements in their combination to make up the composition of bodies were onely confounded and hand over head jumbled togetherâ— me thinks no regular or uniform mixtures should hence arise in the beautious and wonderful compagâ— of the World but all would yet remain unhatchâ— out of the first confused Chaos or primitive Hyleâ— and instead of an uniform mixture of the constiuent part in the Genesis of mixt bodies guided by Spermatick Principles according to the Mandate oâ— the Primitive Fiat all mixed bodies would either appear so confus'd in their constitutive parts as wâ— could not difference them one from another or else they would be no otherwise intelligible to us thaâ— so many blanks upon which confusion was writ By this time without doubt the Reader may discover the dimness not to say confusedness oâ— Galen pag. 53. and this his Sectators Intellectuaâ— in this point of Philosophy Now come we at length to view you Artilery My main Fort yet standing and your Cannons whereby you intend to batter down my main Foâ— yet standing to the ground My châ—â— Argument therefore which I urge against the enâ— stency of Vitriol in the Spaw and at which you level your battering force is no less then what is confirmed by Autopsy and that is that my ingenious Friend the Chymical Apothecary at York took some of the mineral Ingredients of the Spaw which remain'd after the evaporation of the Water which he had from your self those he calcin'd in a Crucible for the space of three hours and all this while without the least appearance of any red colour or the least foot-steps of either Colcothar of Vitriol or Crocus of Iron Now for certain if there had been any thing of Vitriol or Iron in it the discovery would have been made and it forced to confess its nature in its yellow red or purple colour by so great a stress of fire Now saith Hydroph if I prove that Vitriol will calcine white then his Argument is invalid and this I shall do both by the heat of the fire as also of the Sun First By the heat of the fire witness that of Swelfer Vitrioli veneris pulverisati ad albedinem parumper calcinati Secondly It will calcine white by the heat of the Sun witness the making of the Sympathetical Pouder out of Roman Vitriol calcin'd white by the Sun To which Hydroph I answer That had you been so throughly verst in the Chymical Art as you pretend you had not set your Guns so furiously to work to so little purpose That Vitriol should by a gentle heat of fire be so altered as to be dryed to a white colour is a thing I deny not but that this alteration to a white colour should be the effect of calcination is a thing I cannot admit For if after your supposed Calcination you suffer your white Pouder to be dissolv'd filtred and evaporated you will find it appear Vitriol again as green as at the first which it would not do if it had undergone a thorough calcination so that your great mistake depends upon your supposing that whiteness to proceed from a calcination when indeed it is onely an exiccation and no more but a degree to calcination parumper calcinati as you instance out of Swelfer For the same degree of heat which will blanch Vitriol is even requisite for the exiccation of Plants to make them quickly pulverisable And as to your second Argument from the calcining Vitriol white by the heat of the Sun drawn from the calcining Roman Vitriol white by the Sun for the Sympathetick Pouder The return is the same as before being onely an exiccation of the superfluous moisture of the Vitriol and that done by a degree of heat from the Sun equivalent to that exiccation performed by the fire upon the same subject matter Now me thinks Hydroph you have not laid your Argument diametrically against our Autoptical Experiment for in ours the calcination was truly performed
's likely that Water had not penetrated them for it gave no tincture with Galls The Spring towards the South had plenty of a black spongy Marcasite out of which we took several pieces yea all about that place is full thereof round about the sides and in one place where the Air had wrought upon the Marcasite it did shoot by the heat of the Sun into green Chrystals like Vitriol as indeed being nothing but Vitriol it self of which I have some by me The Water that stagnates there for it hath no current will with Galls give a deep purple tincture being very acid in taste and so undergoes the other mutation of colours like other Vitrioline Waters And now I have shown how Mineral Juyces by their coincidence and mutual contact with their various fermentations become the original efficients of Hot Baths and Sulphurous Waters in the secret Meanders of the Earth where Metals and Minerals are in solutis principiis in their primitive spermatick Juyces from whence proceeds the great variety of tastes smells alterations of colours fermentations and different operations of all Mineral Waters and as these are the true causes from whence the most natural Phaenomena of Concrets peculiarly belonging to the Mineral Kingdom are deducible so in like manner the various fermental Juyces which circulate in the Channels of the bodies of Animals and Vegetables are the causes of those manifold Phaenomena proper and incident to all Concrets belonging thereto For what is Heat Fermentation Motion Nutrition c. with all the concomitants thereof but products from the coincidence and combination of Seminal with adventitious Juyces of the bodies of Animals What are the Juyces of the Body undergoing various fermentations but such as thereby are made capable by a natural symetry of performing the functions of Life And what are the acid Juyces scituate in their proper places but actual Ferments which macerate prepare dissolve and digest the food we take in which being altered by its passage through other subsequent ferments undergoes various transmutations and diversifications which succeeding in a constant circulation upholds the fabrick of the body Doth not the natural heat of the body proceed from a due fermentation of the Juyces as when the nutritive Juyce undergoes such alterations by praevious preparations as when in the form of a milky Liquor it coincides with the blood in the subclavial Vessels and both carried by the Vaena Cava into the Heart doth there strike up a vital heat in the taper of life the vital Spirits but if it come raw for want of a due preparation by a defect of previous ferments then it produceth a spurious febrile heat which rather dissipates the natural heat and destroyes then binds up the right tone and texture of the parts And lastly Doth not the acid Juyce of the first digession of the Stomach dissolve loosening the Vinculum of our nutritive Juyce and so open the body thereof as to make it become one similar milky Cremer and doth not this dissolv'd and opened Chyle receive a second Menstruum coming from the Gaul that Balsam of the Body by the ductus communis inserted into the duodenum and there besides the peristaltick motion it gives to the intestines in part precipitates the opened body of the Sulphur of the nutritive Juyce and causeth a volatile faetid flatus peculiar to those parts which not finding vent per inferiora sometimes works into the Stomach and by the mediation of the Nerves of the sixth conjugation into the Head and other parts is not this faetid flatus native to the intestines caused by a commixture of a saline Ferment dismis'd I say from the Gaul which precipitates the opened body of the Sulphur in our nutritive Juyce which before such precipitation is a similar Cremor And to conclude is not the growth budding hearing and specifical endowments of Vegetables the product of fermenting Juyces And is not the changing of Fruits by grafting and inoculating one sort into another as that a pleasant Apple should grow from a Crab-stock and a Pear from a Thorn caused otherwise then by different fermentations and specifications of the nutritive Juyce which no sooner undergoes any different ferments or passeth various Strainers but forthwith becomes metamorphosed thereby so that the metastasis of all bodies in the whole triplicity of nature depends upon the variety of fermenting Juyces and their mutual complications implanted in the Seminal Principles of all Concretes But to return to treat a little of another Ingredient of this Well and that is Sal marine or Fossil Salt both are one that of the Sea having its original according to all probability from Fossil Salt concerning which I find my Antagonist p. 119.122 of his Mimick about to impeach me of two Contradictions the first is in that I say The saltness of the Sea proceeds from Fossil Salt which being dissolv'd in Water is carried into the Ocean and yet maintains a circulation of the Sea-Water from the Sea to the heads of Springs by Subterraneal Channels Now the force of the Contradiction as he supposeth lieth in this that he imagineth that I would assert that the same Channels should convey a Salt into the Sea and also convey the Sea-Water to the Springs two contrary Currents in the same Channels To which I answer That there is no need in that Hypothesis of the Springs having their original from the Sea and the Sea 's having its saltness from the Earth to assert two contrary Currents in the same Channels and that first because of some Rocks and Bodies of Salt which are often found in the Sea and next because of the saltness dispersed throughout the whole body of the Earth easily imbibed by Waters as the Learned Dr. Highmore notes upon the Controversie Philosophical Transactions Numb 56. P. 1129 c. and may as easily be conveighed into the Sea by Subterraneal Channels passing through Salt Beds in their passage from one Sea to another which Subterraneal Channels by which Seas communicate we have demonstratively illustrated in the Appendix to our Hydrol. Chym. p. 307 c. But I find my Antagonist taking sanctuary at his wonted Asylum of Putationary Philosophy comming in with his I do verily think that all the Fossil Salt in the body of the Earth which we see is very rarely found if it were dissolved would not serve to supply a twentieth part of the Salt that is in the Sea whom I answer That surely he is either ignorant or at least oblivious of what is writ concerning Rocks of Salt in Bohemia in Monte Carpato in Polonia within two miles of Cracovia in Helvetia and Rhetia where they have no other Salt but from the Rock as also by the Caspian Straights are great Rocks of Salt there are also many Rivers of Salt Water by the Caspian Straights and in Spain and Caria and in Bactria Ochus and Oxius also there are Salt Lakes as the Tarentine Lakes in Italy the Lake between Strapela and
Seburg in Germany three Lakes in Sicily and besides an infinite number in other Countries the Lake of Lakes the Sea all which as Dr. Jorden saith receive their saltness from Mines of Salt in the Earth which are very frequent and huge in bigness as may appear by the foresaid Rocks of Salt Yea Marcus Paulus Venetus tells of a Rock or Mountain of Salt in Thaican able to furnish all the World with Salt So that it is no marvel saith the ingenious Dr. Jorden that the Sea is salt seeing it pierceth into the bowels of the Earth and discovereth many great Rocks of Salt which dissolve in it and this is the true cause saith he of the saltness of the Sea What is premised will be sufficient without any more adoe to take off his accusation of a second Contradiction p. 122. in that I say in one place the Sulphur-Well at Knarsbrough is saturated from Fossil Salt and in another place that Sal marine is the cause of that Sulphureous Spring seeing it is evident as also witnesseth the learned Dr. Highmore that the Salt of Sea-Water and Salt-Springs are the same with Fossil Salt his objection against the Seas having its saltness from Fossil Salt is frivolous viz. That it should if made by Fossil Salt kill all Fish as well Sea-Fish as Fresh-Fish for so saith he Salt put to fresh Water doth which is even as true as that Fish should being kept over-night in a clean Copper Vessel with the Water they swim in be found dead the next morning by the mortal Steam or Vapour of the Copper both which are found false by matter of fact the one by that Experiment I made of Fish which not only out-lived one but two nights in a Brass Pan the other by that Experiment of Oysters made by Dr. Highmore I shall now conclude with the addition of a few Mechanical Experiments made upon this Sulphur-Water thus First It takes no purple or red tincture from infused Galls as having nothing of the praecipitable parts of Vitriol or Alom Oil of Tartar being added it becomes muddied into a white curdled Liquor and with Oil of Vitriol or Oil of Sulphur it becomes clear again but with fresh Oil of Tartar it is presently turn'd to a colour inclining to a red and with the addition of more Oil of Vitriol or such like it becomes transparent and of the colour of Sack or English Beer If upon fresh Sulphur-Water Oil of Vitriol be poured it makes neither a precipitation nor any other alteration and that because of a praevious saturation with an aluminous acidity but by adding Oil of Tartar thereunto and after that Galls then follows an effervescence and it becomes of a reddish colour Lastly By the addition of Oil of Tartar this Sulphur-Water turns white and that because it is impregnated with a small quantity of the simple natural Alom-Salt A return to some Reflections and Queries made on the enlarged account of my Antagonists Answer to Hydrologia Chymica in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Numb 51. chiefly concerning the cause of the sudden loss of the Vertues of Mineral-Waters by the Learned Dr. Daniel Foot Philosoph Transact Numb 52. p. 1050. THE Ingenious Publisher of the Philosophical Transactions in his enlarged account of my Antagonists Answer hath these words viz. That these meaning Scarbrough Waters lose all their Vertues yea their quantity and bulk also though in Glasses and under the Hermetick Seal if removed from the Fountain Head and then they become suddenly putrid ill-coloured losing their reste and scent c. doubtless through the loss of the Volatile Spirits What ever saith he further these Sprits be that will neither indure to travel from the place nor will be confined in any Bottle nor under any Seal c. So that the sum of his conjucture as the Doctor concludes p. 1051. is That this loss consists in the avolation of some most subtil and pâ—â—â—trating spirituous parts not to be imprisoned by any inclosure imaginable but will find their way out and leave the Waters bereast of vertue and decreased in quantity too and what is more perhaps of their weight also especially if they lose of their quantity Now to evince whether this be a conjecture or no and to clear up this point of Philosophy in the Mineral Hydrologia which hath gravelled many Writers yea made them run ashore or to cast Anchor in shallow Fords for want of a depth in Mechanical Experiments This ingenious Doctor hath proposed these following Queries First Whether by Chymical Researchers it was ever yet or can be found that such Waters as the abovesaid ever yeelded a vinous or an acid or any other sort of Spirits that was either inflammable or uninflammable or flying over the Helm from the fire Secondly Whether all those sorts of Water when they are most closely stopt up and so let stand or conveyed to some distance do not let fall a Sediment most commonly yellowish or of some such colour when they are become effaete in their Vertues Thirdly Whether when they are let stand onely and not moved by carriage they do not sooner becomes castrated and sooner precipitate an Ocre to the bottom Fourthly Whether such an Ocre is not found in all their Spring-heads and Strenms also but more in the Head than in the Streams especially if issued therefrom to a good distance Fifthly Whether it may not be found upon due observation that two Bottles of the said Waters whereof the one being industriously stopped the other left unstopt and both equally permitted to stand still or equaly moved will not easily â—ose their 〈◊〉 Medical in the same space of time and have the same precipitated Sediment and be of the same taste colour and a like diminished in quantity with divers such like Circumstances Sixthly Whether two Vessels diversified in their matter c. filled with such Waters will not yeeld the like Phaenomena in all circumstances as in the fifth Query are mentioned Seventhly Whether it may be devised how to prevent all precipitation of a Sediment in the Waters vessell'd up and then to observe thereupon whether their Vertues would not be kept entire during such a prevention Eighthly Whether any Observer ever found the Waters enervated but found withal an Ocre let fall to the bottom or sides of the containing Vessel Ninthly Whether the Phaenomenon of loss of vertues in such Waters may by an Hypothesis of an intestine precipitation of their parts wherein those Vertues consisted be as well if not better explicated than by the Hypothesis of an avolation of spirituous parts through all Vessels and Closures whatsoever These Queries I shall by the help of a few Experiments indeavour to resolve As to the first therefore I conclude in the Negative for I have distilled the Spaw-Waters of Scarbrough and Malton the Sweet as well as the Sulphur-Water at Knarsbrough c. none of which ever did yeeld either a vinous or acid or any other sort
Chamber and about two hours after the last Glass of Water let them drink a Glass or two of the best White Wine well refined from its Tartar and about one hour after that take some warm Broth then to eat of a few Dishes of Meat and those to be as well ordered as may be nor is it a little respect that is to be had to the Drink at Meats viz. that it neither be new thick or unwrought nor that it be hard or tart So that four things are to be regarded in the drinking of the Waters First Moderate exercise after drinking the Water Secondly To drink a Glass or two of Wine two hours after the Water to help the passage thereof Thirdly Not to eat too soon after the Waters for either by too immoderat exercise that which should pass away by Urine by the short way is preposterously carried into the habit of the body or by eating too suddenly before the Waters have passed the like disorder may happen viz. That the Latax wherein the sabulous matter is dissolved is thereby in danger to be carried by the Thoracical Vessels into the fourth digestion of the heart and thence into the habit of the body where it may lay a foundation for the Gout Stone Scurvy Feavers c. Fourthly A moderation in Dyet having good Meat well ordered and to keep a restraint upon the Stomach not overcharging it with too much nor with too great variety of food for sometimes what the Water builds in order to health the irregularity of dyet in some persons pulls down Fifthly Good wholsome Drink is to be chosen at Meats which should neither be very small nor hard or tart nor lastly new thick or unwrought but should be soft clear and healing Ale or a middle sort of Beer fresh and lively all botled Ale especially that which flies is to be avoided in short it should be kindly Ale such as may well dilute our other solid Food and be a sutable Vehicle of our nutritive Juyce for from a due contemperature of our Drink and Meat by the efficiency of the ferments ariseth the wholsomness of our nourishment When the Patient hath drank for two or three dayes of the Spaw Water after the former directions then is he to take a Dose of Solutive Pills viz. one over-night and two the next morning observing much what the former instructions and to omit taking any Water for that day These Pills ought to be so contrived by the Physitian as to contain in them such Ingredients as may chiefly respect the Scurvy and that because the Scurvy is most-what the ground to other Diseases and next that they may be such as may give the Patient four or five stools without griping as his strength and the indications of his Disease may require not neglecting in the interim other specificks seasonably to be exhibited as the Physitian shall think meet from the indications of the Disease Then if the Physitian think fit is the Patient to rest a day or two from taking the Spaw-Water and that to prevent a sudden precipitation of the stony matter upon the Tunicles of the Intestines after their abstersion or cleansing by the former Solutive and after that to begin again observing the former instructions and so on in a round with such diversifications as the Physitian from a critical observation of the Symptoms and Indications shall judge requisite until the Patient be cured at least in so hopeful a way towards it as that Nature may without much stress tug through the rest And by this means will all the inconveniencies which happen as afore-said to incautious Spaw-Drinkers be prevented hereby Patients will not miss of their aim viz. their desired health c. This course being taken I see no cause of suspition of any harm from the Waters for supposing at the worst a precipitation should happen which cannot be much the next Dose of Antiscorbutick Pills together with a good Diuretick and a glass or two of Wine will absterge it off and carry it câ—â— verly away Nor need we be altogether so fearful of harm from the stony Concretions in the Water if we confider That Physicians often prescribe Coral Crabs-eyes Pearl Crabs-claws Hyacinth Smaragde Saphire Bezoar c. which are the Ingredients of several compound Species as of Pulv. è chel cancrorum species Cordiales c. frequently ordered by them for the cure of Diseases which sometimes dulcifie the Blood and other essential Juyces of the body by coagulating their acidities which otherwise cause obstructions in the bowels and give beginning to Apostemations c. being frequently carried off by Siedge Yea I know a Gentlewoman who being troubled with a spurious and therefore superfluous acidity upon her Stomach amongst the hundred of Remedies she hath used finds nothing comparable to the eating plenty of Chalk which is a stony Concretion This more powerfully then any other thing she has yet met with dints the overflowing acidity sweetens it which otherwise with an acid flatus afflicts her Intestines causing unufual tormina or griping of the Guts Of this she has eaten as I remember she told me some pecks in some late years and yet is no more afflicted with the Stone or Gout then she was before the taking thereof So that all those who are not originally inclined to the Stone or Gout may very safely drink of the Waters and that with very good success for the cure of most other inflrmities by the due management of the Spaw according to our prescribed Method where we are not so magisterial in our advices but do leave the judicious Physitian to vary as he seeth cause I giving only hints and opening a Casement for more light for the better discovery of the improvement of this Noble Spaw in order to the cure of many Diseases for Art is not only to imitate Nature but also help and supply its deficiencies separating what is superfluous and adding what is necessary But if any who are inclined originally to the Stone or Gout shall upon the consideration that the Scarbrough-Water is so esurine or acid by its imbibed Nitro-aluminous or duplicate Salt as to dissolve and carry along in its bowels the several Raiments of Stone shall I say thereupon become jealous of drinking the Water To those I shall first advise the drinking the Water according to our prescribed Method which if it do not answer their expectation upon tryal at least doth not satisfie then would I thus farther add viz. That doubtless when these stony Concretions are separated by Art or Nature the foresaid Salt being dissolved in fresh Water which upon evaporation yeelds no sabulous Sediment must needs I say become very powerful against all those Diseases whose seminaries consist in a sabulous petrifying property as the Stone Gout Jaundice c. especially if dissolved with the addition of Salt of Steel and drunk with great plenty of Spring-Water so acuated And therefore lastly would I propound to all those who
are afflicted with these Diseases upon not being satsfied with the former Method or being at too great a distance to take it accordingly either by procuring this duplicate Salt of the Spaw to dissolve it in some pure Spring Water as aforesaid with the addition of Salt of Steel and so to drink it according to the advise of their Physitians at home or else to dissolve the same Salt in some Vitrioline Water as that of Kuarsbrough Rotheram Olton c. and to drink as large quantities thereof as their Physitian by the indications of their Diseases shall advise Thus from what is premised the three Indications propounded by my candid Friend for the right improvement of the Water are readily and without much ado answered for first by a right management of the Waters according to our Method the suspitious petrifying property of the Scarbrough Waters may very probably be prevented yea and though already begun may as likely be carried off And secondly by the same process the Stone-pouder and faeces of the Alom may be hindred from fixing upon the Bowels and lastly to prevent in tender constitutions that the duplicated Salt corrode not the Entrals may easily be done either by our former Method or by diluting the essential Salt thereof in great plenty of fresh Spring Water or by dissolving it in Vitrioline Spaws as aforesaid An APPENDIX Concerning the Anatomy of the GERMAN Spaw-Water I Took about a quart of the Spaw-Water which is brought out of Germany and exposed to sale in Leiden Amsterdam and other Cities of the Low-Countries in Bottles sealed up into a little of which I put some Pouder of Galls with which it struck a pale Clarret colour the rest I ordered to be put into a Glass Retort with a clean Receiver close luted to it and gave an easie heat distilling off first about one ounce of Water then poured it sorth and found that it had neither taste smell nor any other properties that might distinguish it from ordinary Spring-Water distilled for with Galls it would make no more alteration then common distilled Water Then we distilled off about two or three ounces more of insipid Water after which I ordered the fire to be permitted to extinguish to try what kind of precipitate it would let fall because after the first ounce was come over slacking the fire we found that a little Sediment was fallen which was of a pale reddish colour and upon the second cooling more of the same fell down Then I caused that which remained in the Retort to be filtred and sav'd the Sediment in the Filter Paper which being dryed up was an insipid pale red Calx Then I tryed if the filtred Water after this precipitation would give any tincture with Galls as it did before separation but found it would not after which I poured it into the clean washed Retort and distilled again as before until all was come off except about one half ounce This I brought to London and evaporated in a clean Jar Glass in a gentle heat till it came to a dryness The colour of this Pouder was somewhat white and its taste was pleasantly sharp or piercing with a heat and warmth diffused upon the Tongue but had no Vitrioline taste to this pouring Oil of Sulphur per campanam it did make a manifest ebullition as if it had been poured upon so much Salt of Tartar but Oil of Tartar per deliquium did cause no effervescence at all by which it was evident that the Salt contained in this residence was rather lixivial then acid although in taste it scem'd to be neutral but to partake of both so that probably this Spring in its Original I mean where it is first impregnated with Mineral Juyces is hot but running further through a Colander of Earth or Sand loseth its heat and becomes at its eruption a cold Spring Observations on the dissection of a Woman who dyed of the Jaundice AND here that I may entertain the Reader with some little variety I shall end all with some Observations on the dissection of an antient Woman who dyed at the Hospital in Leyden of the Yellow Jaundice Her Skin before death as well as after was dyed the most deep Yellow that ever I saw in my life she consumed away in a Marasmus not withstanding all the means that could be used and it will be judged impossible that it should otherwise be after I have related what we observed in the dissection of her body Upon the opening of the Abdomen of this Cadaver perform'd by the Professor in the Theatre was first observ'd omitting the less considerable enormities a connexure or knitting together of the Pylorus and the under part of the left Lobe of the Liver close by the Vesica Bilaris by a hard schirrhous tumour for besides that the Stomach was somewhat larger then ordinary and the Spleen lay length wayes in a parallel line with the direct Muscles of the Abdomen being somewhat less then usual and although being cut its Patenchyma was found of a due consistence and not vitiated in substance I say besides these the Liver was found very stiff and hard with several schirrous tumours some lesser some bigger whose consistence was most-what glandulous one or two being as big as Wallnuts and some less but one near as large as a Man's Fist The Cystis Fellea was large and very 〈◊〉 which was found together with those in the 〈◊〉 Ductus near a hundred and twenty Stones soâ—â—â— like little Peas some larger but all of them most-what angular in colour some near bright and not much unlike the ordinary sort of Mother of Pearl others had dark spots intermingled and as it were marbled The Professor distributed to each of the Students who were present one of these Stones as a rarity The liquid part of the Gaul which was not yet petrified most of which was lodged in the Ductus Hepaticus was tenacious and mostwhat of the consistence of a Syrup The common Ductus which reacheth from the Cystis to the Duodenum was so much obstructed as the Professor could not without cutting the Vessel which leads from the Cystis further open make the Style pass from that part into the Intestine and that because the situation of the parts was altered and become different from the natural by reason of that strict connection of the Pylorus with the Liver Then opening the Thorax the Lungs were found scarce vitiated at all but the Heart was less by much then usual yea and that which was the wonder of the whole and which no Author that we know of has yet ever observed was to see a Schirrus upon the right Ventricle of the Heart True the Polypus Cordis has been frequently found in the dissection of Dutch Bodies by the sam'd Sylvius And I saw another Woman dissected there who dyed as was supposed of a Syncope in the right Ventricle of whose heart was found a Polypus several inches long from the Basis to the Cone thereof although it 's more probable she dyed of a complication of other Diseases for in the Abdomen was found a great quantity of a Serum together with plenty of a Pituita floating together in that cavity But that there should be a schirrous tumor upon the Heart is what we never heard of or at least never observed before As to the cause of the Jaundice in this Woman it was variously disputed some supposed that it proceeded onely from an obstruction of the Bile which thereby being mixed with the Blood was dispersed into the whole habit of the Body Others supposed that the Disease proceeded srom a volatility of the Bile which passing up by the Ductus Hepaticus was thence by the Vena Porta sent into the Mass of Blood and so vitiated the whole habit of the Body with that Saffron Dye But upon the dissection it should seem to be evident that the natural Crasis of the Bile was wholly perverted and that that which should have been useful in its due consistence not only as a Balsam to the Blood but also by its volatile Alkali to perform the gentle and natural fermentation in the Intestines together with the subacid ferment of the Pancreatical Juyce was in great part being vitiated in its constituent parts petrified which petrifaction as well in that as in other parts of the body do all most probably proceed from the same efficient causes and that not unlikely from a too great exaltation of the saline and sulphureous parts of the Bile coagulating themselves upon some terrestrial or tartarous matter which by continuance of time hath been precipitated to the bottom or sides of the Vesica Bilis From what is premised I would excite the Ingenious to further improvements that we may the better be capacitated to do good by a right understanding of the causes of things and that by propounding first that several Experiments may be essayed in order to the immitation of these Anomolous Products in Animals which do so often afflict the humane Body in several parts thereof for from a true apprehension of the essential Causes which concur in the Fabrick of these Animal Stony Concretions we may the better be informed how to prepare such Menstruums as may genuinely and without corrosion of other tender adjacent parts resolve such petrified Bodies FINIS