Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	body_n	reason_n	see_v	1,402	5	3.3292	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07035	The art of fortification, or architecture militaire as vvell offensiue as defensiue, compiled & set forth, by Samuell Marolois revievved, augmented and corrected by Albert Girard mathematician: & translated out of French into English by Henry Hexam; Opera mathematica. Part 3.	Marolois, Samuel.; Girard, Albert, 1595-1632.; Hexham, Henry, 1585?-1650?	1631 (1631)	STC 17451; ESTC S101439	115,154	146

time_n also_o as_o their_o imperfection_n be_v know_v and_o that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o man_n and_o engine_n they_o be_v diverse_a way_n attempt_v yea_o many_o time_n beat_v down_o &_o overthrow_v which_o make_v they_o seek_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o remedy_v their_o defect_n for_o perceive_v that_o their_o wall_n be_v heretofore_o subject_a to_o be_v beat_v down_o by_o rames_n and_o other_o ancient_a engine_n they_o make_v they_o upon_o the_o right_a line_n of_o the_o wall_n spure_v and_o roundles_a to_o hinder_v the_o beat_n of_o they_o down_o and_o to_o preserve_v they_o the_o better_a from_o a_o breach_n and_o tumble_v down_o they_o give_v they_o the_o talude_v that_o be_v a_o sloop_a towards_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o place_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o violence_n &_o force_n of_o these_o engine_n final_o these_o wall_n be_v make_v after_o diverse_a manner_n first_o in_o a_o round_a form_n which_o as_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o be_v hold_v the_o strong_a because_o these_o engine_n beat_v against_o the_o wall_n crush_v the_o stone_n &_o make_v they_o stick_v the_o close_a together_o in_o regard_n the_o circle_n exterior_a be_v great_a than_o the_o interior_a and_o that_o the_o engine_n can_v not_o unfasten_v loose_a and_o break_v they_o but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o defend_v such_o wall_n when_o approach_n be_v make_v unto_o they_o because_o no_o part_n of_o they_o can_v be_v discouver_v or_o flank_v so_o that_o afterward_o they_o build_v they_o in_o a_o square_a form_n with_o small_a square_n in_o their_o angle_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o curtain_n then_o make_v they_o also_o demycircle_n with_o angle_n interior_a and_o exterior_a and_o last_o triangular_a wise_n on_o the_o one_o side_n to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o the_o furious_a canon_n use_v at_o this_o day_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o capable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o by_o discover_v every_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n even_o to_o the_o very_a foundation_n and_o as_o invention_n of_o attempt_v be_v grow_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n in_o these_o day_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a experience_n of_o the_o war_n in_o these_o part_n which_o be_v the_o school_n of_o all_o military_a action_n and_o the_o ability_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o assaillant_o &_o defendant_n so_o be_o i_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o the_o fortification_n make_v in_o these_o low_a country_n be_v the_o strong_a exact_a &_o perfect_a which_o can_v be_v invent_v and_o which_o have_v be_v make_v and_o practise_v not_o by_o a_o simple_a general_n but_o by_o one_o of_o the_o great_a captain_n of_o the_o world_n endow_v with_o a_o singular_a courage_n and_o spirit_n a_o excellent_a mathematician_n and_o be_v not_o only_o a_o prince_n of_o a_o great_a house_n but_o also_o experience_v &_o beat_v in_o all_o militaire_n action_n and_o stratagem_n aswell_o offensive_a as_o defensive_a of_o which_o fortification_n we_o have_v undertake_v to_o treat_v brief_o at_o this_o present_a and_o as_o succinct_o as_o possible_o may_v be_v of_o the_o definition_n i._o forasmuch_o then_o as_o the_o definition_n of_o fortification_n be_v by_o the_o daily_a use_n of_o arm_n grow_v so_o common_a it_o be_v in_o vain_a for_o i_o in_o my_o opinion_n to_o make_v any_o further_a explication_n thereof_o yet_o to_o satisfy_v the_o ignorant_a we_o will_v mark_v out_o the_o angle_n and_o side_n of_o a_o fortress_n by_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o alphabeth_n and_o opposite_a to_o the_o say_a letter_n you_o shall_v find_v their_o name_n and_o appellation_n as_o we_o may_v note_v by_o the_o figure_n 1._o and_o 2_o follow_v icnographie_n or_o ground-markeing_a 1._o figure_n n._n o._n the_o side_n of_o the_o polygone_a that_o be_v many_o angle_n n._n d._n the_o line_n of_o the_o gorge_n d._n c._n the_o line_n of_o the_o flank_n b._n n._n the_o capital_a line_n b._n c._n q._n r._n the_o moat_n p._n the_o raveline_n or_o half_a moan_n q._n s._n the_o covert_a way_n t._n s._n the_o parapett_n thereof_o b._n i._n the_o line_n of_o defence_n d._n k._n the_o curtain_n k._n f._n the_o parapett_n k._n m._n the_o rampart_n a._n n._n the_o semy-diameter_n v._o c._n the_o flank_n lengthen_v c._n n._n d._n the_o angle_n form_v the_o flank_n b._n c._n d._n the_o angle_n of_o the_o shoulder_n orthography_n or_o the_o profile_n 2._o figure_n a._n b._n the_o foot_n or_o basis_n of_o the_o rampart_n g._n h._n the_o height_n of_o the_o rampart_n h._n b._n the_o talud_v or_o sloop_v of_o the_o infiel_n of_o the_o rampart_n a._n y._n the_o talud_v on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o rampart_n or_o scharfe_n z._n d._n the_o foot_n of_o the_o parapett_n z._n e._n the_o parapett_n itself_o d._n f._n the_o foote-banke_n f._n g._n the_o terra-plaine_a or_o breadth_n of_o the_o rampart_n k._n a._n the_o way_n for_o the_o round_a or_o the_o falsebray_n i._o k._n the_o foot_n bank_n thereof_o i._o m._n the_o parapett_n of_o the_o falsebray_n m._n n._n the_o scharfe_n p._n o._n n._n m._n the_o moat_n p._n o._n the_o counterscharfe_n p._n q._n the_o covert_a way_n r._n q._n the_o foot_n bank_n thereof_o t._n s._n r._n the_o parapett_n of_o the_o covert_a way_n the_o other_o name_n which_o have_v need_n of_o explanation_n shall_v be_v declare_v in_o their_o due_a place_n before_o we_o come_v to_o instruct_v you_o particular_o in_o the_o art_n of_o fortification_n we_o will_v brief_o treat_v of_o the_o calculation_n thereof_o in_o which_o supputation_n you_o shall_v have_v first_o set_v down_o the_o know_a term_n and_o under_o they_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o character_n or_o letter_n beginning_n with_o a_o square_a fortress_n with_o four_o angle_n or_o bulwark_n and_o proceed_v on_o to_o a_o dodecagone_fw-mi a_o fortress_n with_o twelve_o angle_n or_o bulwark_n make_v upon_o every_o polygone_a 3_o or_o 4_o trial_n that_o afterward_o one_o may_v choose_v the_o best_a of_o they_o and_o because_o the_o angle_n will_v not_o be_v much_o alter_v by_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n i_o have_v think_v good_a to_o give_v this_o general_a rule_n for_o they_o follow_v it_o be_v a_o thing_n general_o receive_v of_o all_o man_n that_o a_o square_a fortress_n with_o four_o bulwark_n be_v not_o so_o good_a as_o a_o pentagonal_a with_o five_o angle_n nor_o a_o pentagonal_a so_o strong_a as_o a_o exagonall_a with_o six_o and_o so_o consequent_o of_o the_o rest_n if_o the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v seek_v out_o one_o may_v observe_v that_o this_o proceed_v from_o the_o smallnesse_n of_o their_o angle_n as_o not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v such_o a_o body_n of_o a_o bastion_n as_o the_o subsequent_a polygones_n so_o that_o a_o square_a fortress_n for_o this_o reason_n will_v be_v more_o defective_a than_o the_o pentagonal_a and_o this_o less_o defensive_a than_o the_o hexagonall_a and_o so_o well_o the_o rest_n follow_v even_o to_o a_o dodecagone_fw-mi which_o have_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bastion_n right_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o constrain_v one_o to_o make_v the_o angle_v flank_v lesser_a than_o the_o reason_n of_o build_v well_o do_v require_v that_o be_v the_o flank_n too_o little_a the_o gorge_n too_o narrow_a and_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n too_o long_o to_o increase_v then_o proportional_o the_o angle_n of_o fortress_n according_a as_o the_o angle_n of_o their_o polygone_n augment_v we_o will_v take_v then_o the_o half_a of_o their_o angle_n and_o add_v thereunto_o 15_o degree_n the_o sum_n will_v be_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o bulwark_n which_o we_o term_v the_o angle-flanked_n and_o if_o the_o angle-flanked_n be_v substract_v from_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o polygone_a there_o will_v remain_v the_o double_a of_o the_o angle_n flank_v interior_a which_o double_o be_v substract_v from_o 180_o degree_n `then_n will_v remain_v the_o angle_n flank_v exterior_a call_v the_o tenaille_n and_o if_o you_o add_v to_o the_o angle_n flank_v interior_a 90_o degree_n than_o the_o sum_n will_v be_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o shoulder_n to_o find_v out_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o polygone_a from_o the_o number_n of_o its_o subtract_v namely_o 2_o the_o remaynder_n must_v be_v multiply_v by_o 2._o and_o the_o product_n will_v be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o right_a angle_n which_o such_o a_o polygone_a contain_v as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o this_o exemple_n follow_v or_o thus_o and_o by_o the_o same_o rule_n you_o shall_v find_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o subsequent_a polygones_n begin_v from_o a_o square_a fortress_n to_o a_o dodecagone_fw-mi 4._o 5._o 6._o 7._o 8._o 9_o 10._o 11._o 12_o 90._o 72._o 60._o 51_o 3_o 7._o 45._o 40._o 36._o 32_o 8_o ●●_o 30_o the_o angl_n of_o the_o centre_n 90._o

24_o what_o will_v 40_o rod_n give_v the_o side_n of_o the_o polygone_a give_v b_o c_o the_o like_o do_v with_o the_o flank_n gorge_n and_o second_o flank_n according_a to_o which_o dimension_n afterward_o the_o say_a bulwark_n fghik_n &_o lmnhe_n be_v describe_v and_o as_o the_o distance_n ad_fw-la be_v two_o great_a to_o describe_v two_o bulwark_n upon_o the_o angle_n a_o d_o which_o may_v defend_v themselves_o because_o this_o distance_n exceed_v our_o rule_n give_v heretofore_o and_o the_o angle_n too_o little_a you_o shall_v make_v or_o ordain_v two_o bulwark_n as_o be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n to_o wit_n when_o as_o the_o say_a distance_n ad_fw-la be_v great_a enough_o otherwise_o you_o must_v make_v but_o one_o bulwark_n as_o we_o will_v show_v you_o hereafter_o but_o in_o this_o exemple_n the_o flank_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a bulwark_n 1._o 2._o 3._o 4._o shall_v be_v make_v perpendicular_a line_n upon_o ad._n and_o so_o far_o lengthen_v from_o the_o angle_n ad_fw-la that_o there_o be_v mean_n to_o defend_v the_o say_v flank_n 1._o 2._o 3._o 4._o so_o that_o indeed_o the_o two_o bulwark_n abovesaid_a be_v but_o in_o effect_n as_o demy-bulwark_n whereof_o their_o angle_n 1._o 3._o make_v 70._o degree_n and_o be_v defend_v from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o curtain_n as_o a_o pentagone_n be_v defend_v and_o from_o the_o other_o side_n be_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o say_a curtain_n 2._o a_o &_o 4._o d_o defend_v so_o that_o the_o flank_n 1._o 2._o &_o 3._o 4._o be_v also_o sufficient_a to_o defend_v the_o two_o length_n a._n 2._o &_o 4._o d._n &_o forasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v doubt_v that_o the_o near_a one_o approach_n to_o the_o abovesaid_a flank_n of_o the_o say_a angle_n a_o &_o d._n that_o they_o will_v be_v in_o the_o most_o danger_n to_o be_v ruin_v it_o will_v be_v good_a to_o draw_v back_o these_o flank_n of_o the_o say_a angle_n at_o the_o least_o some_o 400._o foot_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v beat_v down_o with_o canon_n on_o the_o otherside_n you_o must_v take_v heed_n that_o the_o flank_n 1._o 2._o &_o 3._o 4._o be_v not_o make_v too_o great_a nor_o too_o far_o asunder_o from_o the_o say_a angle_n a._n &_o d._n that_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n come_v out_o of_o the_o curtain_n be_v make_v in_o the_o same_o sort_n as_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o pentagone_n be_v as_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o curtain_n b._n c._n and_o as_o the_o distance_n a._n d._n be_v in_o this_o exemple_n but_o 69_o rod_n make_v there_o in_o 2_o bulwark_n it_o follow_v necessary_o that_o the_o distance_n 2_o a_o 4._o d._n also_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o face_n of_o the_o say_a bulwark_n be_v much_o more_o less_a than_o our_o former_a plateforme_v will_v bear_v in_o such_o sort_n that_o the_o part_n a_o 2_o &_o 4._o d._n be_v but_o 15_o rod_n &_o the_o flank_n 2._o 1._o &_o 4_o 3_o only_o ten_o rod_n because_o that_o otherwise_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n can_v come_v out_o of_o the_o curtain_n f._n g._n as_o here_o from_o the_o point_n o_o which_o of_o necessity_n must_v be_v make_v to_o defend_v the_o face_n k_o 3._o afterwards_o the_o face_n 3_o k._n be_v make_v 12_o rod_n the_o flank_n k._n g._n and_o five_o f_o will_v be_v about_o 7_o rod_n from_o the_o side_n c._n d._n you_o shall_v draw_v a_o parallel_n of_o 10_o rod_n and_o the_o instrument_n be_v open_v of_o 70_o degree_n it_o must_v be_v move_v so_o much_o that_o the_o line_n of_o defence_n m._n t._n may_v come_v a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o curtain_n e_o p_o the_o flank_n p_o q._n being_n make_v equal_a to_o e_o h._n you_o have_v the_o demi_a bulwark_n p._n q._n m_o n._n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v upon_o the_o side_n a._n b._n and_o so_o this_o place_n will_v be_v fortify_v according_a to_o our_o intention_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o figure_n 86_o demonstrate_v and_o though_o the_o bulwark_n be_v very_o small_a notwithstanding_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o angle_n a_o &_o d_o will_v be_v well_o preserve_v and_o the_o one_o will_v defend_v the_o other_o direct_o and_o when_o as_o the_o distance_n c._n d._n be_v but_o 45_o rod_n one_o may_v in_o some_o wise_n from_o the_o flank_n defend_v the_o angle_n d._n but_o when_o the_o flank_n be_v no_o more_o than_o 6_o 9_o 10_o rod_n one_o ought_v rather_o to_o make_v the_o demi_a bulwark_n p._n q._n m._n n_o have_v the_o flank_n n_o m._n 10_o rod_n which_o be_v more_o capable_a to_o defend_v n._n d._n then_o be_v e._n h._n yet_o with_o this_o caveat_n that_o the_o distance_n n_o d_o be_v not_o too_o little_a for_o then_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o parapet_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o discouver_fw-fr n_o d._n if_o the_o demy-bulwarke_n p_o q._n m._n n._n be_v not_o make_v low_a than_o the_o curtain_n c._n d._n and_o in_o so_o do_v such_o a_o inconveniency_n may_v be_v prevent_v the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o bulwark_n place_v upon_o the_o curtain_n a._n d._n an_o other_o way_n the_o 19_o plate_n and_o 88_o figure_n now_o in_o such_o a_o fortification_n which_o have_v but_o one_o simple_a defence_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o tenaille_n may_v light_o be_v take_v in_o because_o that_o in_o the_o figure_n 86_o n_o m._n &_o n._n d._n be_v so_o short_a it_o be_v better_o in_o my_o opinion_n to_o fortify_v the_o say_a figure_n in_o this_o form_n follow_v let_v there_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o long_a side_n the_o bulwark_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o 6_o proportion_v according_a to_o the_o length_n a._n 6._o the_o half_a of_o a._n d_o and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o dodecagone_fw-mi whereof_o the_o gullet_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o one_o flank_n to_o the_o other_o make_v 27._o 71._o and_o the_o capital_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o angle_n thereof_o through_o its_o centre_n perpendicular_a upon_o the_o say_a line_n from_o flank_n to_o flank_n call_v extend_v make_v 28._o 59_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o table_n here_o to_o before_o many_o time_n repeat_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o flank_n upon_o the_o say_a curtain_n a_o d_o for_o see_v that_o the_o dodecagone_fw-mi have_v the_o angle_n in_o the_o circumference_n of_o 150_o degree_n the_o flank_n will_v fall_v perpendicular_o upon_o the_o side_n and_o consequent_o the_o same_o flank_n will_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a curtain_n a_o d_o a_o angle_n of_o the_o half_a of_o the_o angle_n of_o a_o dodecagone_fw-mi which_o be_v 150_o degree_n make_v for_o every_o angle_n of_o the_o flank_n 75_o degree_n and_o as_o much_o will_v the_o angle_n a_o 12_o &_o 45._o d_o make_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o bulwark_n in_o no_o wise_a change_n the_o proportion_n to_o know_v then_o the_o capital_a line_n 6_o 3._o you_o shall_v say_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o proportion_n if_o the_o curtain_n interior_a and_o exterior_a which_o be_v here_o alike_o contain_v 70_o rod_n in_o a_o right_a curtain_n give_v 28._o 59_o rod_n for_o the_o capital_a line_n extend_v what_o will_v 34_o 1_o 2_o rod_n the_o length_n a._n 6._o give_v that_o which_o it_o will_v bring_v forth_o to_o with_o 14._o 9_o be_v the_o capital_a line_n 6_o 3._o for_o the_o face_n you_o shall_v say_v if_o 70_o the_o side_n of_o the_o polygone_a interior_a or_o exterior_a in_o a_o right_a curtain_n which_o be_v equal_a give_v for_o the_o face_n 24_o what_o will_v the_o side_n of_o the_o polygone_a a._n 6._o 34_o 1_o 2_o rod_n give_v you_o shall_v have_v for_o the_o face_n 11_o 83_o rod_n which_o be_v place_v from_o 3_o to_o 4_o &_o from_o 3_o to_o 2_o first_o the_o angle_v 6._o 3._o 4._o &_o 6._o 3._o 2._o be_v make_v of_o 45_o degree_n because_o the_o whole_a angle_n 2._o 3._o 4_o make_v 90_o degree_n by_o hypothesis_n you_o shall_v set_v the_o transporter_n upon_o 15_o degree_n and_o shall_v make_v the_o line_n 1._o 2_o &_o 4._o 5_o of_o such_o a_o inclination_n that_o shall_v form_v the_o flank_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n require_v and_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n shall_v be_v know_v the_o gullet_n 1._o 5_o which_o may_v be_v find_v likewise_o by_o the_o former_a rule_n of_o proportion_n in_o say_v if_o 70_o give_v 1385_o the_o half_a of_o 27._o 71_o what_o will_v 34_o 1_o 2_o rod_n give_v for_o a._n 6_o that_o which_o this_o rule_n will_v produce_v shall_v be_v for_o 1._o 6._o or_o 6._o 5._o after_o the_o same_o manner_n must_v you_o make_v up_o the_o bulwark_n e_o f_o g_o h_o i_o &_o saint_n t_o v_o w_o x._o design_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o side_n a_o k_o &_o r_o p_o according_a to_o their_o length_n but_o before_o they_o be_v

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