the_o unity_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o action_n aristotle_n not_o only_o say_v that_o the_o epic_a action_n shall_v be_v one_o but_o 23._o he_o add_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v entire_a perfect_a and_o complete_a and_o for_o this_o purpose_n it_o must_v have_v a_o beginning_n a_o middle_a and_o a_o end_n herein_o these_o action_n differ_v from_o those_o of_o aesop_n fable_n for_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o these_o last_o shall_v be_v entire_a and_o complete_a witness_v the_o 7._o fable_n of_o the_o meager_a hunger-starve_a fox_n who_o convey_v himself_o through_o a_o very_a small_a hole_n into_o a_o granary_n full_a of_o corn._n when_o he_o have_v cram_v his_o gut_n he_o be_v for_o march_v the_o same_o way_n out_o again_o but_o he_o find_v himself_o too_o corpulent_a a_o weasel_n at_o a_o distance_n see_v he_o in_o such_o a_o quandary_n tell_v he_o he_o come_v empty_a in_o and_o must_v go_v as_o empty_v out_o now_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o finish_v this_o action_n reynard_n be_v very_o regular_o leave_v in_o this_o place_n without_o tell_v what_o happen_v to_o he_o afterward_o and_o without_o trouble_v one_o head_n whether_o he_o be_v kill_v upon_o the_o spot_n or_o pinch_v his_o gut_n to_o save_v his_o carcase_n or_o whether_o he_o escape_v at_o some_o other_o hole_n this_o action_n than_o be_v not_o a_o whole_a because_o it_o have_v only_o a_o beginning_n and_o middle_a but_o not_o a_o end_n these_o three_o part_n of_o a_o whole_a be_v too_o general_o and_o universal_o denote_v by_o the_o word_n begin_v middle_a and_o end_v we_o may_v interpret_v they_o more_o precise_o and_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n and_o design_n which_o one_o take_v for_o do_v a_o action_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o action_n that_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o cause_n and_o the_o difficulty_n that_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o design_n be_v the_o middle_a of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o unravel_v and_o resolution_n of_o these_o difficulty_n be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o action_n this_o end_n and_o this_o unravel_v may_v happen_v after_o different_a way_n and_o so_o form_v several_a sort_n of_o action_n for_o sometime_o the_o action_n end_v by_o the_o discovery_n of_o some_o person_n who_o be_v unknown_a before_o as_o in_o the_o tragedy_n of_o oedipus_n this_o prince_n think_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o polybus_n and_o merope_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o corinth_n and_o he_o discover_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o theban_a the_o son_n of_o laius_n and_o jocasta_n sometime_o without_o any_o discovery_n there_o be_v a_o great_a change_n of_o fortune_n in_o some_o person_n or_o other_o who_o think_v himself_o happy_a all_o on_o a_o sudden_a fall_n into_o a_o misery_n he_o never_o dream_v of_o or_o else_o on_o the_o contrary_a become_v from_o a_o miserable_a a_o very_a happy_a person_n beyond_o all_o expectation_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v agamemnon_n case_n after_o the_o ruin_n of_o troy_n who_o think_v himself_o in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o his_o acquire_v glory_n be_v miserable_o butcher_v by_o his_o wife_n 11._o these_o change_n or_o alteration_n from_o one_o kind_n of_o fortune_n to_o the_o contrary_a be_v call_v by_o a_o greek_a name_n peripetias_n sometime_o likewise_o there_o be_v neither_o a_o discovery_n nor_o a_o peripetia_n but_o the_o action_n cease_v and_o passes_z if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v from_o motion_n to_o rest_n after_o a_o simple_a manner_n without_o any_o incident_a but_o such_o as_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o affair_n thus_o in_o the_o troad_n of_o seneca_n hecuba_n and_o the_o trojan_n appear_v at_o first_o as_o in_o captivity_n and_o under_o a_o long_a series_n of_o affliction_n which_o make_v they_o complain_v with_o their_o tongue_n and_o despair_v in_o their_o heart_n the_o ghost_n of_o achilles_n require_v polixena_n shall_v be_v sacrifice_v to_o he_o and_o before_o they_o part_v calchas_z will_v make_v they_o kill_v astyanax_n too_o both_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o tragedy_n end_v 17._o these_o different_a way_n make_v two_o sort_n of_o action_n or_o fable_n the_o one_o simple_n the_o other_o complex_fw-la the_o simple_a action_n be_v such_o as_o end_v without_o a_o discovery_n and_o a_o peripetia_n the_o complex_n have_v either_o a_o discovery_n or_o a_o perpetia_n or_o both_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o action_n comprehend_v all_o these_o thing_n let_v we_o now_o take_v a_o particular_a view_n of_o they_o chap._n x._o that_o the_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o whole_a this_o proposition_n seem_v contrary_a to_o what_o aristotle_n teach_v we_o when_o he_o say_v 23._o that_o the_o war_n of_o troy_n be_v a_o just_a and_o perfect_a whole_a that_o homer_n have_v take_v but_o a_o part_n of_o it_o that_o therein_o he_o be_v very_o judicious_a and_o that_o those_o who_o instead_o of_o imitate_v he_o have_v take_v this_o whole_a for_o the_o subject_a of_o their_o poem_n have_v take_v too_o much_o matter_n and_o have_v be_v very_o indifferent_a artist_n do_v he_o pretend_v by_o this_o doctrine_n and_o by_o these_o instance_n to_o overthrow_v what_o we_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o that_o very_a treatise_n of_o poetry_n will_v he_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o subject_a and_o matter_n of_o a_o poem_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v a_o whole_a and_o a_o entire_a and_o complete_a action_n but_o only_o a_o part_n of_o a_o action_n sure_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a he_o shall_v contradict_v himself_o thus_o we_o may_v reconcile_v this_o that_o appear_v so_o contradictory_n in_o the_o term_n by_o make_v this_o reflection_n that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o in_o the_o fable_n where_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o it_o or_o else_o as_o in_o the_o history_n whence_o he_o take_v it_o when_o the_o poet_n be_v upon_o the_o search_n after_o matter_n for_o his_o fable_n he_o light_v upon_o several_a sort_n of_o action_n some_o have_v several_a part_n which_o may_v be_v regular_o connect_v in_o one_o body_n and_o then_o he_o may_v take_v one_o of_o these_o action_n entire_a as_o it_o be_v but_o there_o be_v other_o who_o part_n be_v so_o independent_a to_o one_o another_o that_o a_o man_n can_v with_o any_o probability_n join_v they_o together_o so_o as_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o consequence_n of_o each_o other_o and_o this_o be_v what_o aristotle_n condemn_v under_o the_o name_n of_o many-limbed_a fable_n to_o which_o he_o oppose_v those_o which_o have_v but_o one_o only_a part_n he_o do_v not_o absolute_o forbid_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o part_n but_o he_o common_o take_v such_o sort_n of_o word_n in_o the_o worst_a sense_n which_o may_v of_o themselves_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o more_o favourable_a one_o thus_o we_o observe_v that_o he_o condemn_v the_o vicious_a plurality_n of_o fable_n and_o episodes_n under_o the_o term_n of_o polymythia_n and_o episodical_a although_o a_o man_n may_v lawful_o put_v several_a fable_n into_o a_o poem_n and_o there_o be_v none_o but_o have_v several_a episodes_n in_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v in_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o condemn_v the_o plurality_n of_o the_o part_n in_o a_o epic_a action_n we_o be_v not_o to_o suppose_v that_o he_o condemn_v it_o absolute_o and_o that_o this_o action_n make_v use_v of_o can_v be_v a_o whole_a he_o explain_v his_o own_o meaning_n sufficient_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n 8._o as_o say_v he_o in_o other_o imitation_n that_o which_o a_o man_n imitate_v be_v one_o single_a thing_n so_o likewise_o the_o fable_n be_v the_o imitation_n of_o a_o action_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o this_o action_n be_v one_o entire_a and_o a_o whole_a and_o that_o the_o part_n be_v so_o join_v to_o and_o dependent_a on_o each_o other_o that_o one_o can_v so_o much_o as_o remove_v any_o one_o out_o of_o its_o place_n either_o to_o transpose_v or_o retrench_v it_o quite_o without_o make_v a_o change_n in_o the_o whole_a for_o whatever_o can_v be_v so_o place_v or_o omit_v that_o one_o can_v perceive_v the_o alteration_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o action_n so_o then_o it_o be_v only_o the_o plurality_n of_o part_n in_o this_o last_o sense_n which_o aristotle_n condemn_v and_o he_o have_v commend_v homer_n for_o have_v take_v only_o a_o part_n of_o all_o that_o pass_v in_o the_o trojan_a war._n but_o yet_o we_o be_v to_o take_v special_a notice_n that_o this_o retrenchment_n of_o all_o the_o other_o part_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n which_o be_v only_o retain_v from_o be_v a_o whole_a in_o the_o poem_n it_o be_v only_o a_o part_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o whole_a war_n and_o in_o the_o history_n whence_o homer_n take_v it_o but_o it_o
oh_o jupiter_n what_o shall_v this_o stranger_n go_v off_o so_o etc._n etc._n but_o these_o motion_n be_v very_o well_o prepare_v 4._o dido_n entertain_v thought_n of_o her_o death_n before_o aeneas_n leave_v she_o she_o spend_v her_o night_n in_o nothing_o else_o but_o disquietude_n and_o such_o distract_n thought_n as_o these_o her_o fear_n possess_v she_o with_o ibid._n soon_o as_o the_o dawn_n begin_v to_o clear_v the_o sky_n down_o to_o the_o shore_n the_o sad_a queen_n cast_v her_o eye_n where_o when_o she_o do_v the_o empty_a port_n survey_v and_o now_o the_o fleet_n with_o ming_n display_v at_o sea_n her_o hand_n hold_v up_o her_o golden_a tress_n tear_v must_v we_o say_v she_o of_o force_n endure_v this_o scorn_n can_v we_o not_o have_v recourse_n to_o arm_n nor_o meet_v this_o fraud_n with_o fraud_n not_o burn_v this_o wicked_a fleet_n have_v fly_v pursue_v row_n and_o let_v every_o hand_n snatch_v up_o with_o speed_n some_o swift_a revenge_a brand_n english_v by_o edm._n waller_n and_o sidney_n godolphin_n esquire_n this_o be_v no_o surprise_n to_o the_o hearer_n they_o be_v so_o well_o prepare_v for_o it_o that_o they_o will_v have_v wonder_v if_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o speech_n have_v be_v less_o passionate_a the_o practice_n of_o seneca_n be_v quite_o contrary_a if_o he_o have_v any_o recital_n to_o make_v which_o ought_v to_o imprint_v some_o great_a passion_n or_o other_o he_o take_v away_o from_o both_o his_o personage_n and_o his_o audience_n all_o the_o inclination_n they_o may_v have_v towards_o it_o if_o they_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o sorrow_n fear_n and_o expectation_n of_o some_o dreadful_a thing_n he_o will_v begin_v by_o some_o fine_a and_o elegant_a description_n of_o some_o place_n or_o other_o which_o only_o serve_v to_o show_v the_o copiousness_n and_o the_o poignant_a bloomy_a wit_n of_o a_o poet_n without_o judgement_n in_o the_o troad_n hecuba_n and_o andromache_n be_v dispose_v to_o hear_v of_o the_o violent_a and_o barbarous_a death_n of_o their_o son_n astyanax_n who_o the_o grecian_n have_v throw_v from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a tower_n it_o mighty_o concern_v they_o indeed_o to_o know_v that_o among_o the_o crowd_n that_o flock_v from_o all_o part_n to_o that_o sad_a sight_n etc._n some_z there_o be_v who_o stand_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a decay_a building_n other_o who_o leg_n tremble_v under_o they_o because_o they_o be_v mount_v a_o little_a too_o high_a etc._n etc._n people_z that_o have_v the_o patience_n to_o speak_v or_o hear_v such_o idle_a stuff_n be_v so_o little_o incline_v to_o weep_v that_o they_o have_v need_n have_v notice_n as_o the_o mercenary_a mourner_n of_o old_a have_v when_o it_o be_v time_n to_o set_v up_o their_o whine_v the_o second_o thing_n we_o think_v necessary_a for_o the_o well_o manage_v the_o passion_n and_o to_o make_v the_o auditor_n sensible_a of_o they_o be_v to_o insert_v they_o in_o the_o poem_n pure_a and_o disengage_v from_o every_o thing_n that_o may_v hinder_v they_o from_o produce_v their_o due_a effect_n it_o be_v necessary_a then_o to_o avoid_v the_o vicious_a multiplicity_n of_o fable_n where_o there_o be_v too_o many_o story_n too_o many_o fable_n too_o many_o action_n the_o adventure_n too_o much_o divide_v and_o hard_a to_o be_v remember_v and_o such_o intrigue_n as_o one_o can_v easy_o comprehend_v all_o this_o distract_v the_o mind_n and_o require_v so_o much_o attention_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v for_o the_o passion_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o disengage_v to_o be_v the_o more_o sensible_a of_o they_o we_o destroy_v our_o true_a sorrow_n when_o we_o divert_v our_o thought_n another_o way_n and_o how_o contrary_a will_v these_o troublesome_a application_n be_v to_o the_o fiction_n and_o movement_n of_o poem_n of_o all_o the_o obstacle_n that_o destroy_v the_o passion_n the_o passion_n themselves_o be_v not_o the_o least_o they_o fight_z with_o and_o destroy_v one_o another_o and_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v mix_v together_o a_o subject_a of_o joy_n and_o a_o subject_a of_o sorrow_n he_o will_v make_v neither_o of_o they_o sink_v deep_a immitia_fw-la horace_n inform_v we_o that_o no_o poetical_a licence_n will_v allow_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o mixture_n the_o very_a nature_n of_o these_o habit_n impose_v this_o law_n the_o blood_n and_o animal_n spirit_n can_v move_v so_o smooth_o on_o in_o their_o usual_a way_n at_o quiet_a if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o be_v stop_v and_o retard_v by_o some_o violence_n such_o as_o admiration_n cause_v nor_o can_v they_o be_v in_o either_o of_o these_o two_o motion_n whilst_o fear_n contract_v they_o from_o the_o external_a part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o make_v they_o rally_v about_o the_o heart_n or_o whilst_o anger_n send_v they_o into_o the_o muscle_n and_o make_v they_o act_v there_o with_o a_o violence_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o operation_n of_o fear_n a_o poet_n than_o shall_v be_v acquaint_v with_o both_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o passion_n in_o our_o soul_n it_o be_v there_o we_o be_v more_o sensible_a of_o they_o and_o know_v they_o better_o than_o in_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o animal_n spirit_n this_o knowledge_n and_o the_o justness_n of_o his_o genius_n will_v make_v he_o manage_v they_o with_o all_o the_o force_n and_o the_o effect_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o here_o we_o will_v propose_v two_o example_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o simplicity_n and_o the_o disengagement_n of_o each_o passion_n the_o admirable_a must_v needs_o be_v predominant_a in_o the_o warlike_a virtue_n of_o a_o maid_n and_o this_o be_v the_o passion_n virgil_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o episode_n of_o camilla_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n he_o have_v make_v pity_n to_o reign_v in_o that_o of_o pallas_n this_o passion_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o this_o young_a prince_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o heroe_n party_n but_o the_o poet_n do_v not_o mix_v these_o two_o passion_n together_o he_o only_o show_v in_o pallas_n all_o that_o ordinary_a courage_n that_o a_o young_a man_n be_v capable_a of_o he_o fight_v turnus_n but_o do_v not_o go_v out_o to_o attack_v he_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o wound_v he_o nor_o put_v he_o in_o the_o least_o danger_n he_o only_o attend_v his_o come_n and_o 10._o speak_v to_o he_o more_o like_a one_o that_o fear_v not_o death_n than_o one_o who_o expect_v to_o kill_v he_o he_o be_v kill_v at_o the_o first_o blow_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a in_o it_o but_o there_o be_v something_o more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o the_o lamentation_n which_o aeneas_n and_o the_o unhappy_a evander_n make_v upon_o his_o death_n camilla_n on_o the_o contrary_a make_v herself_o admire_v by_o a_o valour_n become_v a_o hero_n but_o she_o die_v without_o be_v pity_v that_o which_o diana_n say_v upon_o the_o subject_a deserve_v not_o the_o name_n of_o a_o lamentation_n in_o comparison_n to_o that_o which_o aeneas_n and_o evander_n make_v for_o pallas_n beside_o the_o speech_n of_o diana_n be_v say_v before_o her_o death_n and_o be_v not_o in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v have_v any_o great_a effect_n in_o short_a camilla_n be_v kill_v she_o be_v revenge_v and_o nothing_o more_o say_v about_o it_o how_o many_o poet_n be_v there_o that_o will_v have_v bestow_v a_o lover_n or_o two_o upon_o she_o and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v a_o episode_n as_o move_v as_o that_o of_o clorinda_n and_o tancred_n this_o beauty_n do_v not_o escape_v virgil_n view_n 10._o he_o say_v that_o several_a italian_a dame_n court_v she_o for_o their_o son_n this_o reflection_n show_v we_o that_o his_o thought_n be_v upon_o every_o thing_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o choice_n and_o judgement_n that_o he_o omit_v that_o which_o will_v have_v appear_v so_o beautiful_a to_o other_o poet_n but_o he_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o spoil_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o passion_n nor_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o its_o effect_n chap._n x._o how_o the_o narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a the_o epic_a narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a this_o qualification_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o it_o that_o aristotle_n expression_n herein_o seem_v to_o confound_v the_o epopéa_n with_o the_o tragedy_n it_o be_v by_o this_o he_o begin_v to_o lay_v down_o rule_n for_o this_o first_o sort_n of_o poem_n 23._o it_o be_v requisite_a say_v he_o that_o the_o epic_a fable_n be_v dramatic_a like_o those_o that_o be_v in_o tragedy_n now_o that_o which_o make_v tragedy_n dramatic_a and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o which_o it_o have_v the_o name_n which_o signify_v to_o 〈◊〉_d act_n be_v that_o the_o poet_n never_o speak_v in_o it_o and_o that_o every_o thing_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o personage_n that_o be_v introduce_v and_o who_o alone_a act_n
first_o book_n p._n 50._o book_n ii_o concern_v the_o subject-matter_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n or_o concern_v the_o action_n chap._n i._n what_o the_o subject-matter_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n be_v p._n 53._o chap._n ii_o episodes_n consider_v in_o their_o original_a p._n 57_o chap._n iii_o a_o explication_n of_o the_o forego_n doctrine_n by_o a_o instance_n p._n 59_o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o episodes_n and_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o term._n p._n 61._o chap._n v._o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o episodes_n p._n 64._o chap._n vi_o the_o definition_n of_o episodes_n p._n 67._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 69._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o fault_n which_o corrupt_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 74._o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 79._o chap._n x._o that_o the_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o whole_a p._n 81._o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o beginning_n middle_a and_o end_v of_o the_o action_n p._n 85._o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 89._o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o intrigue_n and_o the_o vnravel_v thereof_o p._n 92._o chap._n fourteen_o the_o way_n of_o form_v the_o plot_n or_o intrigue_n p._n 95._o chap._n xv._n how_o to_o dispose_v or_o prepare_v the_o vnravel_v p._n 98._o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o action_n p._n 101._o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 103._o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 107._o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o importance_n of_o the_o action_n p._n 110._o book_n iii_o concern_v the_o form_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n or_o concern_v the_o narration_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o narration_n p._n 113._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o title_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n p._n 116._o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o proposition_n p._n 117._o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o invocation_n p._n 123._o chap._n v._o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o poem_n or_o the_o narration_n proper_o so_o call_v p._n 127._o chap._n vi_o how_o the_o narration_n be_v pleasant_a p._n 128._o chap._n vii_o of_o probability_n p._n 132._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o admirable_a or_o the_o marvellous_a p._n 137._o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o passion_n p._n 140._o chap._n x._o how_o the_o narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a p._n 145._o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o action_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o narration_n p._n 149._o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o narration_n p._n 154._o book_n iu._n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n chap._n i._o concern_v the_o manner_n in_o general_n p._n 159._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o manner_n p._n 161._o chap._n iii_o concern_v the_o manner_n of_o other_o science_n beside_o poetry_n p._n 166._o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o manner_n of_o poetry_n p._n 169._o chap._n v._o whether_o the_o hero_n of_o the_o poem_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n or_o no_o p._n 173._o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o poetical_a goodness_n of_o the_o manner_n p._n 177._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o three_o other_o qualification_n of_o the_o manner_n p._n 180._o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o character_n of_o the_o personage_n aristotle_n word_n about_o it_o p._n 186._o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o character_n of_o achilles_n ulysses_z and_o aeneas_z p._n 191._o chap._n x._o of_o the_o character_n of_o the_o other_o personage_n p._n 194._o chap._n xi_o what_o the_o character_n be_v p._n 197._o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n in_o the_o hero_n p._n 199._o chap._n xiii_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n in_o the_o poem_n p._n 202._o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o character_n p._n 205._o chap._n xv._n of_o false_a character_n p._n 211._o book_n v._o concern_v the_o machine_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o deity_n p._n 215._o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o go_n p._n 218._o chap._n iii_o how_o the_o god_n act_n in_o a_o poem_n p._n 222._o chap._n iu._n when_o one_o must_v make_v use_n of_o machine_n p._n 225._o chap._n v._o how_o the_o machine_n be_v to_o be_v use_v p._n 228._o chap._n vi_o whether_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o god_n be_v any_o disparagement_n to_o the_o hero_n p._n 230._o book_n vi_o concern_v the_o thought_n and_o the_o expression_n chap._n i._n the_o foundation_n of_o this_o doctrine_n p._n 235._o chap._n ii_o concern_v description_n p._n 239._o chap._n iii_o of_o comparison_n or_o simile_n p._n 244._o chap._n iu._n concern_v sentence_n p._n 247._o chap._n v._o concern_v disguise_v sentence_n p._n 251._o chap._n vi_o concern_v several_a other_o thought_n p._n 257._o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o expression_n p._n 260._o chap._n viii_o how_o one_o ought_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o elocution_n of_o a_o poem_n p._n 263._o d'acier_n essay_n upon_o satyr_n p._n 267._o mounseur_fw-fr fontanelle_n upon_o pastoral_n p._n 277._o errata_fw-la page_n 2._o line_n 34._o read_v of_o epic_a poesy_n p._n 9_o l._n 12._o for_o moral_n r._n manner_n p._n 10._o l._n 24._o r._n regimen_n p._n 14._o l_o 29._o r._n of_o the_o fable_n p._n 28._o l._n 18._o r._n so_o much_o as_o desire_v p._n 29._o l._n 27._o r._n cut_v off_o his_o enemy_n p._n 43._o l._n 24._o for_o model_n r._n draught_n p._n 50._o l._n 11._o r._n at_o a_o end_n p._n 65._o l._n 16._o for_o this_o r._n that_o p._n 72._o l._n 40._o for_o the_o r._n this_o king_n of_o king_n p._n 110._o l._n 11._o r._n obligation_n p._n 112._o l._n 10._o r._n ilus_n p._n 121._o l._n 31._o r._n glare_v p._n 138._o l._n 29._o for_o yes_n r._n lie_v p._n 139._o l._n 9_o for_o two_o r._n too_o p._n 148._o l._n 33._o for_o he_o follow_v his_o advice_n r._n who_o advice_n he_o follow_v p._n 149._o l._n 15._o r._n concern_v the_o continuity_n p._n 151._o l._n 14._o for_o two_o r._n too_o p._n 168._o l._n antepenult_n r._n that_o these_o be_v not_o vice_n p._n 171._o l._n 17._o r._n relentless_a p._n 174._o l._n 16._o r._n to_o distinguish_v p._n 182._o l._n 35._o for_o face_n r._n phase_n p._n 187._o l._n 4._o r._n valet_fw-la p._n 197._o l._n 22._o r._n dazzle_v p._n 203._o l._n 15._o for_o print_n r._n rein._n p._n 208._o l._n 11._o r._n glare_v p._n 213._o l._n 12._o r._n raze_v ibid._n l._n 17._o r._n and_o to_o break_v down_o bridge_n p._n 214._o l._n ult_n r._n space_n p._n 217._o l._n 13._o r._n to_o own_o p._n 218._o l._n 34._o r._n in_o this_o sort_n of_o write_v p._n 226._o l._n 1._o for_o learn_v r._n leave_n p._n 245._o l._n 36._o r._n to_o a_o amazon_n p._n 250._o l._n 10._o for_o befall_v r._n be_v feel_v p._n 263._o l._n 26._o for_o projection_n r._n proportion_n mounseur_fw-fr bossu's_fw-fr treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n book_n i._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n and_o of_o the_o fable_n chap._n i._n the_o design_n of_o the_o whole_a work_n art_n as_o well_o as_o science_n be_v found_v upon_o reason_n and_o in_o both_o we_o be_v to_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n but_o in_o science_n neither_o the_o inventor_n nor_o the_o improver_n of_o they_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o any_o other_o guide_v but_o this_o light_n of_o nature_n whereas_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n all_o art_n depend_v upon_o a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n such_o as_o the_o choice_n and_o genius_n of_o those_o who_o first_o invent_v they_o or_o of_o those_o who_o have_v labour_v at_o they_o with_o a_o universal_a applause_n poetry_n be_v of_o this_o nature_n and_o thò_fw-la reason_n may_v have_v first_o found_v it_o yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o invention_n of_o poet_n and_o the_o choice_n they_o have_v be_v please_v to_o make_v have_v add_v thereto_o both_o its_o matter_n and_o form_n it_o be_v then_o in_o the_o excellent_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n we_o be_v to_o look_v for_o the_o fundamental_o of_o this_o art_n and_o they_o be_v only_o to_o be_v rely_v on_o to_o who_o all_o other_o yield_v the_o glory_n of_o have_v either_o practise_v with_o the_o most_o success_n or_o collect_v and_o prescribe_v rule_n with_o the_o great_a judgement_n the_o greek_n and_o latin_n have_v furnish_v we_o with_o example_n of_o both_o kind_n aristotle_n and_o horace_n leave_v behind_o they_o such_o rule_n as_o make_v they_o by_o all_o man_n of_o learning_n to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o perfect_a master_n of_o the_o art_n of_o poetry_n and_o the_o poem_n of_o homer_n and_o virgil_n be_v by_o the_o grant_n of_o all_o age_n the_o most_o perfect_a model_n of_o this_o way_n of_o write_v the_o world_n ever_o see_v so_o that_o if_o ever_o a_o just_a and_o supreme_a authority_n have_v the_o power_n to_o prescribe_v law_n and_o
love_n the_o ambition_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o turnus_n this_o last_o supply_v he_o with_o a_o great_a many_o episodes_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o war_n aeneas_n meet_v with_o in_o italy_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o seven_o book_n and_o be_v not_o over_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o poem_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o episodes_n of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v deduce_v from_o the_o fable_n and_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o action_n the_o second_o thing_n we_o say_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n be_v the_o unity_n and_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o episodes_n with_o one_o another_o for_o beside_o that_o relation_n and_o proportion_n which_o all_o the_o member_n ought_v to_o have_v with_o one_o another_o so_o as_o to_o constitute_v but_o one_o body_n which_o shall_v be_v homogeneous_a in_o all_o its_o part_n it_o be_v require_v far_o that_o these_o member_n shall_v be_v not_o contiguous_a as_o if_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o clap_v together_o again_o but_o uninterrupted_a and_o due_o connect_v without_o this_o the_o natural_a member_n will_v not_o make_v up_o that_o union_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o constitute_v a_o body_n the_o continuity_n and_o situation_n of_o episodes_n be_v not_o exact_a when_o they_o only_o follow_v one_o another_o but_o they_o shall_v be_v place_v one_o after_o another_o so_o as_o the_o first_o shall_v either_o be_v necessary_o or_o probable_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 8._o aristotle_n find_v fault_n with_o incident_n that_o be_v without_o any_o consequence_n or_o connexion_n and_o he_o say_v that_o the_o poem_n wherein_o such_o sort_n of_o episodes_n be_v offend_v against_o the_o unity_n of_o action_n he_o bring_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o this_o defect_n the_o wound_n which_o ulysses_n receive_v upon_o parnassus_n and_o the_o folly_n he_o counterfeit_v before_o the_o grecian_a prince_n because_o one_o of_o these_o incident_n can_v not_o have_v happen_v as_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o other_o homer_n can_v not_o have_v give_v they_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o continuity_n nor_o have_v he_o spoil_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n by_o such_o a_o mixture_n but_o he_o give_v we_o a_o complete_a instance_n of_o the_o continuity_n we_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o method_n whereby_o he_o have_v connect_v the_o two_o part_n of_o his_o iliad_n which_o be_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n against_o agamemnon_n and_o the_o anger_n of_o the_o same_o hero_n against_o hector_n the_o poet_n will_v not_o have_v due_o connect_v these_o two_o episodes_n if_o before_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n achilles_n have_v be_v less_o inexorable_a and_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o satisfaction_n agamemnon_n offer_v he_o this_o will_v have_v make_v two_o anger_n be_v and_o two_o revenge_n quite_o different_a from_o and_o independent_a of_o one_o another_o and_o though_o both_o have_v be_v necessary_a and_o essential_a to_o the_o fable_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v what_o mischief_n discord_n and_o what_o advantage_n concord_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o yet_o the_o unity_n will_v have_v be_v only_o in_o the_o fable_n but_o the_o action_n will_v have_v be_v double_a and_o episodical_a because_o the_o first_o episode_n will_v not_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o second_o nor_o the_o second_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o first_o these_o two_o part_n of_o the_o ilay_v be_v join_v together_o very_o regular_o if_o achilles_n have_v never_o fall_v out_o with_o agamemnon_n he_o will_v have_v fight_v in_o person_n and_o not_o have_v expose_v his_o friend_n single_o against_o hector_n under_o those_o arm_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o young_a man_n rashness_n and_o death_n and_o beside_o the_o better_a to_o join_v these_o two_o part_n with_o one_o another_o the_o second_o be_v begin_v a_o great_a while_n before_o one_o see_v what_o event_n the_o first_o ought_v to_o have_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o reconciliation_n be_v propose_v and_o one_o may_v say_v that_o this_o reconciliation_n with_o respect_n to_o agamemnon_n be_v make_v before_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n and_o even_o before_o it_o be_v ever_o think_v of_o expose_v he_o to_o a_o battle_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o want_v but_o achilles_n consent_n and_o since_o that_o be_v not_o give_v till_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n have_v make_v he_o resolve_v upon_o that_o of_o hector_n it_o may_v be_v true_o affirm_v that_o the_o anger_n and_o the_o revenge_n of_o achilles_n against_o hector_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o poem_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o the_o reconciliation_n which_o finish_v the_o first_o part_n but_o for_o the_o unity_n of_o a_o body_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o all_o its_o member_n be_v natural_a and_o due_o unite_v and_o compact_v together_o it_o be_v far_a requisite_a that_o each_o member_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o member_n a_o imperfect_a part_n and_o not_o a_o finish_v complete_a body_n this_o be_v the_o three_o qualification_n we_o say_v be_v necessary_a to_o preserve_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o doctrine_n we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o a_o action_n may_v be_v entire_a and_o complete_a two_o way_n the_o first_o be_v by_o perfect_o complete_n it_o and_o make_v it_o absolute_o entire_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o principal_a person_n that_o be_v interest_v therein_o and_o in_o the_o principal_a circumstance_n which_o be_v employ_v about_o it_o the_o second_o way_n be_v by_o complete_n it_o only_o with_o respect_n to_o some_o person_n and_o in_o some_o circumstance_n that_o be_v less_o principal_a this_o second_o way_n preserve_v the_o action_n in_o its_o regular_a unity_n the_o other_o destroy_v it_o we_o will_v give_v you_o a_o instance_n of_o each_o the_o greek_n be_v assemble_v together_o to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n offer_v to_o menelaus_n and_o to_o force_v the_o trojan_n to_o restore_v he_o his_o wife_n who_o paris_n have_v steal_v away_o there_o happen_v a_o difference_n between_o agamemnon_n and_o achilles_n this_o last_o be_v high_o incense_v abandon_v the_o common_a cause_n and_o withdraw_v himself_o so_o that_o in_o his_o absence_n agamemnon_n army_n be_v worsted_n by_o the_o trojan_n but_o the_o boldness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o king_n put_v he_o upon_o engage_v the_o enemy_n without_o achilles_n away_o he_o march_v to_o give_v they_o a_o general_a assault_n with_o all_o his_o force_n the_o fight_n begin_v with_o the_o duel_n between_o menelaus_n and_o paris_n they_o sight_n without_o second_o upon_o condition_n that_o helen_n shall_v be_v the_o conquerour_n and_o the_o war_n decide_v by_o this_o combat_n though_o the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o combat_n and_o whatever_o interest_n he_o may_v have_v therein_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o menelaus_n paris_n and_o helen_n be_v so_o far_o the_o principal_a personage_n concern_v that_o if_o this_o action_n have_v be_v finish_v with_o respect_n to_o they_o it_o will_v have_v be_v quite_o finish_v it_o will_v not_o have_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o action_n and_o of_o the_o revenge_n of_o achilles_n but_o a_o complete_a action_n which_o will_v have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o revenge_n and_o render_v the_o anger_n of_o this_o hero_n ineffectual_a therefore_o homer_n have_v not_o finish_v this_o action_n paris_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o escape_v and_o menelaus_n be_v wound_v with_o a_o dart_n by_o pandarus_n by_o this_o mean_v achilles_n begin_v to_o be_v revenge_v and_o this_o incident_a become_v a_o exact_a episode_n virgil_n have_v manage_v the_o episode_n of_o dido_n another_o way_n he_o have_v finish_v it_o so_o that_o the_o union_n of_o his_o main_a action_n be_v as_o regular_a as_o the_o art_n of_o poetry_n require_v the_o address_n of_o this_o great_a poet_n consist_v in_o order_v it_o so_o that_o dido_n in_o who_o this_o incident_a be_v complete_a be_v not_o the_o chief_a personage_n and_o her_o marriage_n be_v only_o a_o simple_a circumstance_n of_o a_o action_n that_o be_v not_o finish_v and_o yet_o be_v the_o soul_n and_o the_o only_a foundation_n of_o this_o particular_a action_n in_o a_o word_n aeneas_n be_v the_o hero_n of_o this_o episode_n which_o be_v only_o invent_v to_o retard_v the_o settlement_n of_o this_o hero_n in_o italy_n this_o be_v manifest_a if_o we_o will_v but_o reflect_v on_o what_o the_o skill_n and_o care_n of_o the_o poet_n have_v leave_v we_o about_o it_o juno_n who_o carry_v on_o all_o this_o intrigue_n be_v very_o little_o concern_v for_o dido_n happiness_n if_o she_o have_v love_v she_o so_o well_o she_o shall_v have_v divert_v the_o trojan_a fleet_n from_o her_o coast_n upon_o which_o place_n she_o herself_o do_v cast_v they_o 4._o which_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o queen_n misery_n
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be_v willing_a to_o affect_v the_o senator_n against_o cariline_n and_o he_o will_v have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o mind_n of_o this_o parricide_n that_o dread_a and_o terror_n he_o be_v mind_v to_o strike_v he_o with_o and_o which_o he_o be_v already_o sensible_a of_o by_o this_o tacit_a condemnation_n of_o the_o senate_n therefore_o etc._n omit_v this_o first_o part_n of_o the_o speech_n which_o upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n will_v have_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o he_o take_v his_o audience_n in_o the_o condition_n he_o find_v they_o and_o continues_z and_o beighten_v their_o passion_n that_o which_o be_v so_o rare_a among_o the_o orator_n be_v common_a among_o the_o poet_n they_o abound_v with_o instance_n of_o this_o nature_n where_o one_o may_v see_v the_o passion_n prepare_v and_o keep_v up_o by_o the_o action_n dido_n begin_v a_o speech_n as_o ovid_n ajax_n do_v
morrow_n he_o begin_v a_o ship_n and_o in_o twenty_o day_n finish_v it_o the_o twenty_o fifth_z he_o set_v sail_n and_o after_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o day_n be_v cast_v upon_o the_o island_n of_o corfu_n there_o he_o tarry_v three_o day_n with_o alcinous_n all_o this_o make_v one_o and_o fifty_o day_n from_o the_o first_o open_v of_o the_o poem_n to_o the_o arrival_n of_o ulysses_n in_o his_o own_o country_n eight_o and_o twenty_o of_o they_o he_o spend_v with_o calypso_n reckon_v the_o four_o that_o precede_v the_o build_n of_o his_o ship_n three_o and_o twenty_o day_n more_o he_o be_v upon_o his_o journey_n part_n of_o which_o he_o spend_v at_o sea_n and_o part_n with_o alcinous_n a_o night_n after_o he_o arrive_v in_o ithaca_n four_o day_n he_o remain_v incognito_o at_o eumeus_n country_n house_n on_o the_o five_o he_o go_v to_o his_o own_o palace_n where_o he_o be_v in_o disguise_n two_o day_n take_v a_o account_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v and_o square_n his_o action_n according_o the_o next_o night_n he_o kill_v his_o rival_n and_o on_o the_o morrow_n make_v a_o end_n of_o discover_v himself_o and_o re-adjusting_a all_o his_o affair_n therefore_o add_v these_o seven_o day_n to_o the_o one_o and_o fifty_o before_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o narration_n in_o this_o poem_n amount_v to_o eight_o and_o fifty_o day_n as_o for_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o poet_n give_v we_o a_o occasion_n to_o guess_v something_o about_o it_o in_o the_o iliad_n where_o there_o be_v more_o action_n and_o violence_n the_o day_n be_v long_o than_o the_o night_n and_o the_o season_n very_o hot_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a homer_n have_v assign_v long_o and_o cool_a night_n to_o the_o prudence_n of_o ulysses_n place_v the_o maturity_n of_o autumn_n in_o the_o odysseis_n as_o he_o have_v the_o contagious_a heat_n of_o the_o summer_n in_o the_o iliad_n the_o practice_n of_o homer_n then_o be_v without_o doubt_n to_o reduce_v the_o duration_n of_o the_o epic_a 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two_o reason_n rather_o incline_v i_o to_o a_o single_a campaign_n than_o a_o whole_a year_n the_o first_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o homer_n which_o the_o latin_a poet_n common_o propose_v as_o his_o exemplar_n and_o who_o by_o wise_a man_n have_v be_v esteem_v the_o most_o excellent_a model_n for_o poet_n to_o imitate_v this_o reason_n make_v so_o much_o the_o more_o for_o i_o in_o this_o treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n because_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o that_o relation_n that_o be_v observable_a between_o the_o practice_n of_o virgil_n and_o that_o of_o homer_n the_o rule_n of_o horace_n and_o those_o of_o aristotle_n the_o other_o reason_n be_v still_o more_o to_o my_o purpose_n and_o that_o be_v that_o this_o reduce_n of_o it_o to_o one_o single_a campaign_n be_v more_o conformable_a to_o that_o idea_n i_o have_v propose_v concern_v the_o fable_n and_o the_o design_n of_o virgil_n in_o this_o poem_n we_o have_v already_o consider_v aeneas_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o roman_n religion_n he_o be_v so_o exact_a in_o observe_v all_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v perform_v for_o the_o dead_a that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o colour_n he_o shall_v omit_v one_o so_o considerable_a as_o be_v that_o of_o mourn_v especial_o for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n for_o which_o he_o spare_v no_o cost_n this_o high_a veneration_n he_o have_v for_o he_o make_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a quality_n of_o his_o character_n and_o almost_o throughout_o the_o whole_a regulate_v the_o general_a character_n of_o the_o poem_n now_o the_o mourn_a of_o the_o roman_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o one_o be_v its_o duration_n which_o last_v ten_o month_n the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o ominous_a and_o inauspicious_a time_n never_o undertake_v any_o thing_n of_o consequence_n how_o then_o can_v aeneas_n dare_v to_o undertake_v his_o settlement_n in_o italy_n which_o be_v then_o a_o business_n of_o the_o high_a consequence_n to_o he_o so_o then_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o stay_v in_o sicily_n full_a ten_o month_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n and_o have_v stay_v less_o than_o two_o month_n at_o carthage_n he_o return_v to_o sicily_n to_o celebrate_v the_o anniversary_n of_o his_o death_n on_o the_o same_o day_n he_o arrive_v there_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o poet_n which_o we_o have_v already_o cite_v for_o the_o anniversary_n happen_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o seven_o summer_n a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o month_n after_o the_o solstice_n and_o rise_n of_o orion_n aeneas_n then_o leave_v sicily_n in_o summer_n during_o the_o rise_n of_o this_o constellation_n which_o raise_v the_o tempest_n in_o the_o first_o book_n he_o can_v not_o leave_v it_o the_o same_o summer_n anchises_n die_v but_o must_v needs_o have_v leave_v sicily_n the_o summer_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o seven_o as_o the_o poet_n say_v and_o the_o same_o in_o which_o he_o return_v to_o the_o anniversary_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o must_v needs_o have_v pass_v the_o autumn_n the_o winter_n and_o the_o spring_n in_o sicily_n and_o have_v tarry_v there_o more_o than_o nine_o month_n before_o his_o part_n for_o carthage_n but_o he_o go_v out_o and_o come_v back_o again_o to_o it_o the_o same_o summer_n in_o the_o other_o opinion_n i_o neither_o find_v the_o conformity_n of_o virgil_n with_o homer_n nor_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o roman_a mourn_v to_o which_o i_o real_o think_v aeneas_n be_v oblige_v as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o other_o ceremony_n in_o which_o he_o be_v so_o punctual_a but_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v for_o i_o may_v not_o perhaps_o make_v for_o other_o i_o only_o propose_v they_o as_o i_o be_v oblige_v it_o be_v for_o philosopher_n and_o critic_n to_o examine_v thing_n to_o propose_v reason_n and_o to_o make_v they_o intelligible_a and_o it_o be_v for_o the_o reader_n to_o draw_v his_o inference_n mounseur_fw-fr bossu's_fw-fr treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n book_n iu._n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n chap._n i._o concern_v the_o manner_n in_o general_n under_o the_o name_n of_o manner_n we_o comprehend_v all_o the_o natural_a or_o acquire_v inclination_n which_o carry_v we_o on_o to_o good_a bad_a or_o indifferent_a action_n this_o definition_n contain_v three_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v the_o manner_n themselves_o which_o we_o call_v inclination_n whether_o they_o have_v their_o source_n and_o origin_n in_o our_o soul_n such_o as_o the_o love_n of_o science_n and_o virtue_n or_o whether_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o body_n as_o anger_n and_o the_o rest_n which_o we_o have_v in_o common_a with_o the_o brute_n the_o second_o thing_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o manner_n which_o be_v either_o nature_n or_o our_o choice_n and_o industry_n according_a as_o they_o be_v either_o natural_a or_o acquire_v the_o three_o thing_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o manner_n namely_o action_n whether_o good_a as_o that_o of_o aeneas_n or_o bad_a as_o that_o of_o achilles_n or_o indifferent_a as_o that_o of_o ulysses_n those_o manner_n be_v good_a which_o incline_v we_o to_o virtue_n and_o virtuous_a action_n those_o bad_a which_o incline_v we_o to_o vice_n and_o sin_n and_o those_o be_v indifferent_a which_o incline_v we_o to_o indifferent_a quality_n and_o action_n a_o right_a distinction_n shall_v be_v make_v between_o real_a virtue_n and_o those_o that_o appear_v such_o and_o be_v only_o mere_a quality_n the_o real_a virtue_n such_o as_o piety_n prudence_n and_o the_o like_a make_v those_o who_o be_v master_n of_o they_o good_a praiseworthy_a and_o honest-man_n but_o real_a vice_n such_o as_o impiety_n injustice_n fraud_n and_o the_o like_a corrupt_a and_o vitiate_v those_o who_o be_v taint_v with_o they_o
no_o constraint_n upon_o the_o character_n of_o the_o hero_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v predominant_a throughout_o he_o give_v it_o a_o full_a and_o entire_a liberty_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o moderate_v the_o rest_n and_o clap_v a_o print_n upon_o they_o to_o hold_v they_o in_o either_o by_o some_o passion_n or_o by_o some_o dependence_n the_o person_n that_o have_v they_o be_v in_o to_o some_o body_n else_o aeneas_n be_v absolute_a master_n of_o his_o action_n he_o have_v none_o that_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o accommodate_v himself_o to_o upon_o what_o occasion_n soever_o nor_o be_v this_o peculiar_a to_o the_o latin_a poet_n he_o imitate_v therein_o the_o greek_a poet_n who_o ulysses_n be_v as_o independent_a as_o aeneas_n achilles_n have_v a_o general_n over_o he_o but_o this_o general_n be_v only_o as_o the_o chief_a among_o equal_a prince_n achilles_n then_o be_v not_o his_o subject_n and_o take_v he_o from_o the_o siege_n of_o troy_n he_o have_v no_o order_n to_o receive_v from_o he_o beside_o expect_v no_o favour_n or_o good_a will_n from_o he_o and_o be_v choleric_a and_o unjust_a he_o have_v no_o obedience_n to_o pay_v he_o nor_o measure_n to_o take_v to_o please_v he_o and_o he_o think_v he_o have_v sufficient_a ground_n to_o withdraw_v his_o obedience_n from_o he_o nay_o when_o he_o be_v reconcile_v to_o he_o and_o enter_v again_o upon_o his_o duty_n yet_o he_o receive_v no_o order_n from_o he_o on_o the_o contrary_a without_o consult_v with_o this_o general_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o confederate_a prince_n he_o on_o his_o own_o head_n make_v a_o truce_n with_o his_o enemy_n in_o behalf_n of_o they_o all_o it_o be_v therefore_o a_o great_a artifice_n in_o homer_n when_o he_o make_v achilles_n the_o most_o valiant_a of_o the_o confederate_n but_o withal_o unjust_a and_o without_o interest_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a make_v agamemnon_n the_o general_n very_o much_o interest_v for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o brother_n menelaus_n and_o his_o own_o this_o be_v what_o respect_v the_o hero_n as_o for_o the_o other_o personage_n homer_n have_v make_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n easy_a by_o give_v violence_n and_o anger_n to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o commander_n on_o both_o side_n the_o latin_a poet_n be_v hard_a put_v to_o it_o because_o he_o have_v make_v the_o enemy_n of_o his_o hero_n to_o have_v humour_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o of_o his_o hero_n but_o withal_o he_o have_v annex_v to_o they_o such_o passion_n and_o dependence_n that_o be_v no_o small_a advantage_n to_o his_o unity_n turnus_n have_v in_o truth_n no_o dependence_n on_o king_n latinus_n either_o as_o his_o subject_a or_o his_o ally_n this_o old_a prince_n be_v neither_o his_o king_n nor_o his_o general_n he_o depend_v upon_o he_o after_o another_o way_n as_o the_o courtier_n of_o lavinia_n his_o daughter_n and_o sole_a heiress_n for_o under_o this_o pretention_n he_o dare_v not_o disoblige_v a_o prince_n that_o owe_v he_o nothing_o and_o from_o who_o he_o will_v obtain_v so_o much_o he_o be_v therefore_o oblige_v in_o many_o respect_n to_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o to_o take_v such_o measure_n as_o take_v off_o much_o of_o his_o fierceness_n and_o passion_n beside_o this_o he_o see_v the_o victory_n of_o his_o rival_n to_o who_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o yield_v the_o glory_n of_o arm_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o latinus_n and_o amata_n herself_o he_o see_v the_o ill_a success_n of_o all_o his_o design_n the_o death_n of_o those_o he_o put_v most_o confidence_n in_o mezentius_n camilla_n etc._n etc._n he_o see_v the_o latin_n decrease_v and_o hear_v the_o reproach_n they_o cast_v upon_o he_o all_o this_o must_v needs_o cause_v strange_a impression_n on_o the_o mind_n of_o this_o latin_a achilles_n and_o hinder_v he_o from_o carry_v on_o his_o character_n so_o far_o as_o the_o grecian_a do_v his_o mezentius_n have_v a_o less_o part_n in_o the_o poem_n than_o turnus_n but_o he_o be_v too_o considerable_a to_o admit_v of_o his_o furious_a and_o cruel_a character_n in_o all_o its_o force_n the_o poet_n make_v this_o profane_a person_n much_o in_o love_n with_o his_o son_n as_o he_o be_v a_o despiser_n of_o the_o go_n he_o so_o lucky_o make_v use_v of_o this_o natural_a passion_n that_o it_o render_v his_o tenderness_n conspicuous_a and_o make_v the_o character_n of_o aeneas_n conqueror_n over_o the_o fury_n of_o this_o barbarian_a his_o design_n in_o renew_v the_o battle_n be_v only_o to_o rejoin_v his_o son_n 10._o the_o violence_n of_o his_o paternal_a love_n force_v he_o to_o beseech_v aeneas_n to_o favour_v he_o so_o far_o as_o to_o let_v he_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o same_o grave_a with_o his_o son_n and_o he_o die_v full_a of_o the_o tender_a and_o sad_a idea_n he_o have_v of_o his_o dear_a lausus_n this_o same_o artifice_n do_v likewise_o change_v the_o violence_n of_o dido_n into_o a_o more_o moderate_a character_n by_o these_o two_o way_n the_o first_o be_v the_o inability_n wherein_o the_o queen_n be_v place_v 4._o what_o can_v i_o say_v she_o tear_v his_o body_n in_o piece_n and_o scatter_v his_o mangle_a limb_n in_o the_o sea_n o_o that_o i_o can_v but_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o his_o comrade_n butcher_n his_o dear_a ascanius_n and_o serve_v he_o up_o in_o a_o banquet_n to_o his_o father_n etc._n etc._n these_o be_v the_o wild_a excess_n of_o a_o most_o violent_a and_o terrible_a fury_n but_o she_o be_v in_o such_o circumstance_n that_o the_o reader_n be_v not_o afraid_a any_o ill_a effect_n will_v follow_v he_o be_v not_o concern_v for_o aeneas_n and_o ascanius_n since_o they_o be_v no_o long_o within_o her_o reach_n and_o he_o only_o pity_v this_o poor_a princess_n from_o who_o mouth_n her_o misfortune_n have_v force_v this_o language_n ibid._n the_o other_o method_n be_v the_o love_n of_o this_o same_o queen_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o her_o rage_n and_o fury_n tame_v she_o and_o force_v she_o to_o melt_v into_o tear_n and_o to_o abandon_v herself_o to_o the_o tenderness_n of_o her_o passion_n another_o method_n virgil_n make_v use_v of_o be_v to_o interrupt_v the_o fight_n by_o calm_a and_o tender_a episodes_n which_o make_v the_o character_n of_o the_o hero_n still_o predominant_a thus_o the_o assault_n make_v upon_o the_o camp_n of_o aeneas_n and_o the_o fury_n of_o turnus_n be_v moderate_v by_o the_o episode_n of_o remulus_n which_o be_v divert_v by_o that_o of_o the_o ship_n change_v into_o nymph_n which_o be_v admirable_a and_o by_o that_o of_o nisus_n and_o euryalus_n which_o be_v soft_a and_o move_a we_o may_v reduce_v all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o character_n to_o these_o few_o head_n the_o first_o and_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o give_v the_o hero_n a_o precise_a and_o sensible_a character_n which_o may_v appear_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o encounter_n second_o this_o hero_n must_v be_v independent_a and_o leave_v at_o full_a liberty_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o character_n 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something_o that_o be_v very_o pretty_a about_o the_o woman_n that_o he_o love_v but_o milo_n laugh_v at_o he_o and_o tell_v he_o he_o be_v a_o fool_n for_o be_v so_o idle_a as_o to_o be_v in_o love_n that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o employment_n fit_a for_o one_o who_o work_v for_o food_n and_o that_o to_o divert_v himself_o and_o excite_v one_o another_o to_o work_v he_o shall_v sing_v some_o song_n which_o he_o denote_v to_o he_o and_o which_o altogether_o relate_v to_o the_o harvest_n i_o must_v needs_o own_o that_o i_o do_v not_o so_o well_o like_o this_o conclusion_n for_o i_o will_v not_o be_v draw_v from_o a_o please_a and_o soft_a idea_n to_o another_o that_o be_v low_a and_o without_o charm_n sannazarius_n have_v introduce_v none_o but_o fisherman_n in_o his_o eclogue_n and_o i_o always_o perceive_v when_o i_o read_v those_o piscatory_a poem_n that_o the_o idea_n which_o i_o have_v of_o the_o fishermen_n hard_a and_o toilsome_a way_n of_o live_v shock_n i_o i_o do_v know_v what_o 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