and_o enrichinâ—â—_n the_o judgement_n as_o that_o it_o neeâ—â—_n not_o rely_v only_o upon_o single_a experience_n and_o observation_n of_o iâ—â—_n own_o time_n but_o may_v have_v recourse_n also_o to_o the_o oracle_n of_o alâ—â—_n former_a age_n and_o furnish_v it_o selâ—â—_n with_o example_n out_o of_o the_o treasury_n of_o antiquity_n yet_o if_o any_o man_n as_o many_o such_o there_o be_v natural_o addict_v to_o public_a business_n and_o fit_a to_o serve_v his_o prince_n and_o country_n in_o quality_n of_o a_o counsellor_n be_v not_o equal_o in_o favour_n with_o the_o muse_n nor_o prosperous_a in_o scholastic_a speculation_n i_o hope_v sir_n you_o will_v not_o stick_v to_o allow_v he_o to_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o more_o erect_a mind_n and_o noble_a part_n than_o a_o mere_a contemplative_a bookman_n who_o though_o perhaps_o skilful_a in_o language_n and_o logician_n enough_o to_o â—â—nriddle_v and_o impose_v sophism_n â—â—nd_v to_o dispute_v long_o and_o formal_o about_o nonentities_a be_v yet_o too_o narrow_a of_o understanding_n to_o measure_v the_o vastness_n of_o civil_a prudence_n which_o be_v found_v upon_o mature_a observation_n and_o build_v up_o of_o soâ—â—id_a experience_n square_v by_o exact_a judgement_n and_o adjust_v to_o preâ—ent_a emergency_n in_o state_n so_o â—hat_n i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o favorinus_n be_v in_o very_o good_a earnest_n though_o he_o seem_v to_o jest_v when_o he_o measure_v the_o knowledge_n of_o adrian_n the_o emperor_n by_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o power_n the_o story_n be_v in_o short_a this_o adrian_n not_o a_o little_a ambitious_a of_o the_o fame_n of_o extraordinary_a learning_n accidental_o meet_v favorinus_n a_o eminent_a philosopher_n fall_v instant_o upon_o he_o with_o a_o whole_a volley_n of_o syllogism_n and_o press_v he_o with_o sophistical_a argument_n to_o which_o the_o warâ—_n philosopher_n make_v but_o spare_v and_o modest_a answer_n such_o as_o intimate_v his_o be_v overcome_v anâ—â—_n leave_v the_o emperor_n to_o please_v himself_o with_o his_o imaginary_a victory_n soon_o after_o to_o his_o friend_n reprehend_v he_o for_o make_v so_o weaâ—_n defence_n he_o return_v this_o vindication_n i_o be_v to_o blame_v say_v he_o if_o i_o shall_v not_o grant_v he_o to_o be_v tâ—â—_n most_o learned_a who_o have_v daily_o twenty_o legion_n at_o his_o command_n which_o i_o understand_v to_o be_v more_o than_o a_o compliment_n the_o regiment_n of_o so_o many_o million_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o great_a skill_n and_o sublime_a science_n than_o to_o manage_v a_o disputation_n with_o dialectical_a subtlety_n and_o argue_v in_o mode_n and_o figure_n have_v thus_o in_o a_o short_a digression_n endeavour_v to_o refute_v the_o error_n of_o such_o who_o hold_v that_o no_o wit_n however_o ample_n and_o happy_a in_o its_o native_a capacity_n can_v yet_o attain_v to_o solid_a prudence_n without_o the_o improvement_n of_o scholastic_a erudition_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o observe_v brief_o both_o the_o vice_n to_o which_o even_o the_o best_a temper_a wit_n sometime_o be_v prone_a and_o the_o principal_a remedy_n thereof_o art_fw-la 7._o as_o pusillanimity_n or_o self-diffidence_n make_v of_o narrow_a wit_n cunning_a man_n so_o self-confidence_n if_o immoderate_a often_o check_v the_o growth_n and_o hinder_v the_o fertility_n of_o even_o the_o best_a wit_n for_o some_o of_o great_a hope_n too_o soon_o trust_v to_o the_o native_a pregnancy_n of_o their_o mind_n and_o desist_v from_o lecture_n meditation_n and_o all_o other_o labour_n of_o the_o brain_n as_o not_o only_o unnecessary_a but_o also_o burdensome_a and_o expensive_a oâ—_n time_n thereby_o clip_v their_o own_o wing_n render_v themselves_o unfiâ—_n for_o any_o generous_a flight_n and_o eveâ—_n after_o flag_n so_o far_o from_o aspire_v above_o other_o that_o they_o comâ—_n short_a even_o of_o themselves_o anâ—_n suffer_v those_o igniculi_fw-la aetherei_fw-la or_o celestial_a spark_n of_o wit_n by_o which_o they_o be_v in_o their_o youth_n actuate_v to_o languish_v and_o go_v out_o for_o want_v of_o industry_n to_o fan_v they_o degenerate_a into_o a_o barren_a dulness_n so_o much_o the_o more_o difficult_a to_o be_v overcome_v by_o how_o much_o the_o long_a ere_o acknowledge_v whereas_o other_o conscious_a of_o their_o native_a imbecility_n endeavour_n with_o labour_n and_o sweat_v to_o acquire_v what_o the_o austerity_n of_o nature_n deny_v they_o and_o by_o continual_a culture_n of_o study_n and_o â—â—ds_n of_o good_a discipline_n so_o enâ—â—ch_v the_o field_n of_o their_o understanding_n that_o at_o length_n they_o exceed_v in_o fertility_n of_o science_n not_o only_o their_o former_a self_n but_o other_o also_o to_o who_o nature_n have_v be_v much_o more_o bountiful_a by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o art_fw-la 8._o the_o proper_a remedy_n for_o this_o obstruction_n that_o not_o seldom_o bring_v a_o atrophy_n or_o defect_n of_o nourishment_n upon_o the_o best_a temper_a wit_n can_v be_v no_o other_o but_o constant_a study_n and_o meditation_n by_o which_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v exercise_v and_o keep_v in_o vigour_n not_o that_o it_o be_v requisite_a man_n of_o this_o order_n shall_v over-curious_o search_v into_o each_o punctilio_fw-la or_o nicety_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o contemplate_v for_o though_o that_o be_v the_o way_n to_o attain_v exactness_n in_o some_o particular_n yet_o it_o will_v at_o the_o same_o time_n great_o retard_v their_o progress_n in_o the_o main_n and_o make_v it_o long_o before_o they_o advance_v so_o far_o as_o to_o make_v a_o liberal_a and_o genuine_a inspection_n into_o the_o whole_a of_o that_o very_a science_n which_o they_o so_o ambitious_o affect_v beside_o the_o samâ—_n will_v habituate_v they_o to_o confine_v their_o cogitation_n within_o too_o narrow_a a_o compass_n by_o impal_v their_o curiosity_n upon_o notion_n though_o perhaps_o of_o great_a subtlety_n in_o speculation_n yet_o of_o little_a use_n in_o the_o occurrent_n of_o life_n nor_o can_v they_o easy_o let_v loose_v their_o thought_n to_o other_o thing_n which_o though_o sometime_o of_o a_o inferior_a nature_n yet_o may_v be_v more_o necessary_a to_o be_v look_v into_o to_o these_o therefore_o i_o be_o bold_a to_o prescribe_v study_n as_o a_o daily_a exercise_n not_o as_o their_o sole_a employment_n art_fw-la 9_o nor_o do_v i_o condemn_v those_o fine_a wit_n that_o spend_v most_o upon_o the_o stock_n of_o nature_n because_o they_o have_v this_o for_o excuse_n that_o all_o head_n be_v not_o equal_o dispose_v to_o patience_n in_o study_n and_o diuturnity_n of_o labour_n for_o the_o fine_a and_o acuter_n the_o wit_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o easy_o indeed_o do_v it_o penetrate_v into_o thing_n difficult_a and_o divide_v thing_n involve_v but_o then_o again_o it_o grow_v the_o soon_o blunt_v with_o length_n of_o labour_n and_o intention_n the_o reason_n perhaps_o be_v this_o that_o nature_n do_v rare_o commit_v such_o fine_a wit_n to_o the_o custody_n of_o gross_a and_o robu_v body_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n choose_v to_o lodge_v they_o in_o delicate_a and_o tender_a constitution_n such_o as_o produce_v the_o pure_a and_o sublimest_n spirit_n which_o as_o by_o their_o great_a mobility_n they_o conduce_v to_o quickness_n of_o apprehension_n so_o be_v they_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n more_o prone_a to_o expense_n or_o exhaustion_n upon_o continue_a intention_n of_o the_o mind_n nor_o capable_a of_o reparation_n unless_o after_o due_a repose_n and_o pleasant_a divertisement_n again_o not_o only_o the_o labour_n of_o these_o ethereal_a wit_n â—ut_v even_o their_o relaxation_n and_o leisure_n be_v therefore_o precious_a because_o no_o soon_o be_v their_o brain_n at_o liberty_n but_o they_o acquire_v new_a vigour_n and_o their_o acuteness_n spontaneous_o range_v abroad_o bring_v in_o fresh_a hint_n and_o repleâ—ishes_v they_o with_o serious_a reflection_n and_o useful_a cogitation_n as_o â—ich_a ground_n when_o leave_v a_o while_n fallow_a of_o its_o own_o accord_n put_v forth_o abundance_n of_o excellent_a plant_n in_o nothing_o inferior_a to_o the_o best_a cultivated_a garden_n this_o seem_v pathetical_o express_v in_o that_o apothegm_n of_o cosmus_n de_fw-fr medicis_n the_o politic_a founder_n of_o the_o flourish_a dukedom_n of_o florence_n when_o in_o a_o morning_n he_o have_v lie_v long_o in_o bed_n as_o whole_o resign_v up_o to_o a_o incurious_a repose_n one_o of_o his_o favourite_n come_v into_o his_o bedchamber_n salute_v he_o with_o this_o compliment_n sir_n say_v he_o where_o be_v cosmus_n thâ—_n great_a to_o who_o vigilance_n as_o to_o a_o pâ—â—lot_n we_o have_v all_o entrust_v the_o conducâ—_n of_o our_o state_n be_v not_o his_o eye_n open_a 〈◊〉_d high_a noon_n i_o have_v be_v abroad_o soâ—_n hour_n since_o and_o dispatch_v much_o business_n the_o duke_n smart_o return_v boast_v not_o your_o diligence_n thus_o sir_n 〈◊〉_d very_a repose_n be_v more_o profitable_a than_o all_o your_o pain_n and_o industry_n art_fw-la 10._o nor_o be_v this_o delicacy_n of_o
into_o a_o fresh_a cask_n new_o fume_v with_o a_o sulphurate_n match_n call_v in_o latin_a tela_fw-la sulphurata_n in_o high-dutch_a einschlag_n ¶_o as_o for_o the_o various_a accident_n that_o frequent_o ensue_v and_o vitiate_v wine_n after_o those_o forementioned_a reboyling_n notwithstanding_o their_o suppression_n before_o they_o be_v incurable_a you_o may_v please_v to_o remember_v i_o refer_v they_o all_o to_o such_o as_o alter_v and_o deprave_v wine_n either_o in_o colour_n or_o consistence_n or_o taste_v or_o smell_v now_o for_o each_o of_o these_o malady_n our_o vintner_n be_v provide_v of_o a_o cure_n â—n_o particular_a to_o restore_v spanish_a and_o austrian_a wine_n grow_v yellow_a or_o brownish_a they_o add_v to_o they_o sometime_o milk_n alone_o sometime_o milk_n and_o isinglass_n well_o dissolve_v therein_o sometime_o milk_n and_o white_a starch_n by_o which_o they_o force_v the_o exalt_a sulphur_n to_o separate_v from_o the_o liquor_n and_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n so_o reduce_v the_o wine_n to_o its_o former_a clearness_n and_o whiteness_n the_o same_o effect_n they_o produce_v with_o a_o composition_n of_o flowerdeluce_a root_n and_o salt-petre_a ana_fw-la 4â—_n or_o 5_o ounce_n the_o white_n of_o 8_o or_o 10_o egg_n and_o a_o competent_a quantity_n of_o common_a salt_n mix_v and_o beat_v in_o the_o wine_n to_o amend_v claret_n decay_a iâ—_n colour_n first_o they_o rack_v it_o upon_o 〈◊〉_d fresh_a lee_n either_o of_o alicant_n or_o râ—_n bourdeaux_n wine_n then_o theâ—_n take_v 3_o pound_n of_o turnsol_n steep_v it_o in_o all_o night_n in_o two_o or_o three_o gallon_n of_o the_o same_o wine_n and_o have_v strain_v the_o infusion_n through_o a_o bag_n pour_v the_o tincture_n into_o the_o hoggshead_n sometime_o they_o suffer_v it_o first_o to_o fine_a of_o itself_o in_o a_o rundler_n and_o then_o cover_v the_o bunghole_n with_o a_o tile_n and_o so_o let_v it_o stand_v for_o 2_o or_o 3_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o wine_n usual_o become_v well-coloured_a and_o bright_a some_o use_n only_o the_o tincture_n of_o turnsol_n other_o take_v half_a a_o bushel_n of_o full-ripe_a elder-berry_n pick_v they_o from_o their_o stalk_n bruise_v they_o and_o put_v the_o strain_a juice_n into_o a_o hogshead_n of_o discolour_a claret_n and_o so_o make_v it_o drink_v brisk_a and_o appear_v bright_a other_o if_o the_o claret_n be_v otherwise_o sound_a and_o the_o lee_n good_a overdraw_v 3_o or_o 4_o gallon_n then_o replenish_v the_o vessel_n with_o as_o much_o good_a red_a wine_n and_o roll_v he_o upon_o his_o bed_n leave_v he_o reverse_v all_o night_n next_o morning_n turn_v he_o again_o so_o as_o the_o bunghole_n may_v be_v uppermost_a which_o stop_v they_o leave_v the_o wine_n to_o fine_a but_o in_o all_o these_o case_n they_o observe_v to_o set_v such_o new_o recover_v wine_n abroach_o the_o very_a next_o day_n after_o they_o be_v fine_v and_o to_o draw_v they_o for_o sale_n speedy_o to_o correct_v wine_n faulty_a in_o consistence_n i._n e._n such_o as_o be_v lumpish_a foul_a or_o ropy_n they_o general_o make_v use_v of_o the_o powder_n of_o burn_a alum_n line_n chalk_n plaistre_n spanish_a white_n calcine_v marble_n bay_a salt_n and_o other_o the_o like_a body_n which_o cause_n a_o precipitation_n of_o the_o gross_a and_o viscid_a part_n of_o the_o wine_n then_o afloat_o for_o example_n for_o the_o attenuation_n of_o spanish_a wine_n that_o be_v foul_a and_o lumpish_a have_v first_o rack_v they_o into_o a_o new_o scent_v cask_n they_o make_v a_o apparel_n of_o burn_v alum_n bay_a salt_n and_o conduit_n water_n then_o they_o add_v thereto_o a_o quart_n of_o bean-flower_n or_o powder_n of_o rice_n and_o if_o the_o wine_n be_v also_o brown_a and_o dusky_a milk_n otherwise_o not_o and_o beat_v all_o these_o well_o together_o with_o the_o wine_n blow_v off_o the_o froth_n and_o cover_v the_o bung_n with_o a_o clean_a bile-stone_n last_o they_o again_o rack_v the_o wine_n after_o a_o few_o day_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o cask_n well_o scent_v here_o perhaps_o some_o not_o well_o understand_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o this_o scent_n of_o cask_n will_v pardon_v i_o if_o i_o make_v a_o short_a stand_n to_o explain_v it_o they_o take_v of_o brimstone_n 4_o ounce_n of_o burn_v alum_n 1_o ounce_n of_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la 2_o ounce_n these_o they_o put_v together_o in_o a_o earthen_a pan_n or_o pipkin_n and_o hold_v they_o over_o a_o a_o chause_a dish_n of_o glow_a coal_n till_o the_o brimstone_n be_v melt_v and_o run_v than_o they_o dipp_v therein_o a_o little_a piece_n of_o new_a canvas_n and_o instant_o sprinkle_v thereon_o the_o powder_n of_o nutmeg_n clove_n coriandre_n and_o anise_v seed_n this_o canvas_n they_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o burn_v out_o in_o the_o bunghole_n so_o as_o the_o fume_n may_v be_v receive_v into_o the_o vessel_n and_o this_o as_o i_o have_v be_v credible_o inform_v be_v the_o best_a scent_n for_o all_o wine_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o modern_a invention_n both_o canterarius_fw-la cap._n 8._o membr_n sect_n 23._o and_o levinus_n lemnius_n occult._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 48._o take_v notice_n of_o the_o like_a use_n among_o the_o ancient_n of_o fume_v their_o cask_n with_o sulphur_n ut_fw-la vasa_fw-la à _fw-la putredine_fw-la defenderentur_fw-la vinum_fw-la ipsum_fw-la majorem_fw-la calorem_fw-la aut_fw-la spiritus_fw-la acriores_fw-la acquireret_fw-la to_o prevent_v the_o foulness_n and_o ropiness_n of_o wine_n the_o old_a roman_a vindemiatores_fw-la use_v to_o mix_v sea-water_n with_o the_o must_v ut_fw-la svo_fw-la calore_fw-la ne_fw-la vina_n lentescerent_fw-la pendulaque_fw-la fierent_fw-la conservaret_fw-la &_o dum_fw-la pondere_fw-la svo_fw-la in_o vase_n subsideret_fw-la faeces_fw-la secum_fw-la ad_fw-la fundum_fw-la deferret_fw-la cato_n de_fw-fr r._n r._n cap._n 104._o &_o langius_n 2._o epist._n 32._o to_o cure_v the_o ropiness_n of_o claret_n the_o vintner_n as_o well_o french_a as_o english_a have_v many_o remedy_n among_o which_o i_o have_v select_v two_o or_o three_o as_o most_o memorable_a because_o most_o usual_a one_o be_v this_o first_o they_o give_v the_o wine_n a_o apparel_n then_o draw_v it_o from_o the_o lee_n after_o the_o clarification_n by_o that_o apparel_n this_o do_v they_o infuse_v 2_o pound_n of_o turnsol_n in_o good_a sack_n all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o day_n put_v the_o strain_a infusion_n into_o a_o hoggshead_n of_o the_o wine_n with_o a_o spring_n funnel_n leave_v it_o to_o fine_a and_o after_o draw_v it_o for_o excellent_a wine_n another_o this_o they_o make_v a_o lee_n of_o the_o ash_n of_o vine-branche_n or_o of_o oaken_a leaf_n and_o pour_v it_o into_o the_o wine_n hot_a and_o after_o stir_v leave_v it_o to_o settle_v the_o quantity_n a_o quart_n of_o lee_n to_o a_o pipe_n of_o wine_n a_o three_o be_v only_a spirit_n of_o wine_n which_o put_v into_o muddy_a claret_n serve_v to_o the_o refine_n it_o effectual_o and_o speedy_o the_o proportion_n be_v a_o pint_n of_o spirit_n to_o a_o hogshead_n but_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v in_o sharp_a and_o eager_a wine_n when_o white_a wine_n grow_v foul_a and_o tawny_a they_o only_o rack_v they_o on_o a_o fresh_a lee_n and_o give_v they_o time_n to_o fine_a for_o the_o emendation_n of_o wine_n offend_v in_o taste_n vintner_n have_v few_o other_o corrective_n but_o what_o conduce_v to_o clarification_n nor_o do_v they_o indeed_o much_o need_v variety_n in_o the_o case_n see_v all_o unsavouriness_n of_o wine_n whatever_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o their_o impurity_n set_v afloat_o and_o the_o dominion_n of_o either_o their_o sulphureous_a or_o saline_n part_n over_o the_o fine_a and_o sweet_a which_o cause_n be_v remove_v chief_o by_o precipitation_n for_o all_o clarification_n of_o liquor_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o one_o of_o these_o three_o cause_n 1._o separation_n of_o the_o grosser_n part_n of_o the_o liquor_n from_o the_o fine_a 2._o the_o equal_a distribution_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o always_o render_v body_n clear_a and_o untroubled_a 3_o the_o refine_n of_o the_o spirit_n itself_o and_o the_o two_o latter_a be_v consequent_n of_o the_o first_o which_o be_v effect_v chief_o by_o precipitation_n the_o instrument_n whereof_o be_v weight_n and_o viscosity_n of_o the_o body_n admix_v the_o one_o cause_v it_o to_o cleave_v to_o the_o gross_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n fly_v up_o and_o down_o in_o it_o the_o other_o sink_v they_o to_o the_o bottom_n but_o this_o be_v more_o than_o vintner_n common_o understand_v they_o rest_v not_o in_o clarification_n alone_o have_v find_v out_o certain_a specific_n as_o it_o be_v to_o palliate_v the_o several_a vice_n of_o wine_n of_o all_o sort_n which_o make_v they_o disgustful_a of_o these_o likewise_o i_o shall_v recite_v two_o or_o three_o of_o great_a use_n and_o esteem_v among_o they_o to_o correct_v rankness_n eagerness_n and_o prick_a of_o sack_n and_o other_o sweet_a wine_n they_o
divide_v into_o four_o part_n to_o which_o as_o to_o general_n or_o head_n all_o considerable_n thereunto_o belong_v seem_v natural_o to_o refer_v themselves_o of_o these_o the_o first_o be_v the_o natural_a purification_n or_o clarification_n of_o wine_n whereby_o of_o themselves_o they_o pass_v from_o the_o state_n of_o crudity_n and_o turbulence_n to_o that_o of_o maturity_n by_o degree_n grow_v clear_a fine_a and_o portable_a the_o second_o the_o unseasonable_a work_n fretting_n and_o other_o sickness_n to_o which_o from_o either_o internal_a or_o external_a accident_n they_o be_v afterward_o subject_a the_o three_o their_o state_n of_o declination_n or_o decay_n wherein_o they_o degenerate_a from_o their_o goodness_n and_o pleasantness_n become_v pall_a or_o turn_v into_o vinegar_n the_o last_o the_o several_a artifices_fw-la use_v to_o they_o in_o each_o of_o these_o state_n or_o condition_n in_o the_o first_o of_o these_o head_n viz._n the_o natural_a clarification_n of_o new_a wine_n two_o thing_n occur_v not_o unworthy_a consideration_n the_o manner_n how_o and_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o the_o same_o be_v effect_v as_o for_o the_o manner_n give_v 〈◊〉_d leave_v to_o observe_v that_o winâ—â—_n while_o yet_o in_o the_o must_v be_v usual_o put_v into_o open_a vessel_n the_o abundance_n and_o force_n of_o the_o spirit_n i_o e._n the_o more_o subtle_a and_o actiâ—â—_n part_v therein_o contain_v beinâ—_n then_o so_o great_a as_o not_o to_o endâ—â—_n imprisonment_n in_o close_a one_o 〈◊〉_d which_o time_n it_o appear_v troubleâ—_n thick_a and_o feculent_a all_o part_n oâ—_n element_n of_o it_o be_v violent_o commove_v and_o agitate_a so_o thâ—â—_n the_o whole_a mass_n of_o liquor_n seenâ—_n to_o boil_v like_o water_n in_o a_o cauldron_n over_o the_o fire_n this_o tumult_n beâ—ing_v in_o â—ome_o degree_n compose_v and_o the_o gas_n sylvestre_n as_o helinâ—â—_n barbarous_o call_v it_o or_o wild_a spirit_n sufficient_o evaporate_v they_o then_o pour_v the_o must_v into_o close_a vessel_n there_o to_o be_v far_o defecate_v by_o continuance_n of_o the_o same_o motion_n of_o fermentation_n reserve_v the_o froth_n or_o flower_n of_o it_o and_o put_v the_o same_o into_o small_a â—asks_n hoop_v with_o iron_n lest_o otherwise_o the_o force_n of_o it_o may_v break_v they_o this_o flower_n thus_o â—â—parated_v be_v what_o they_o name_n stum_n either_o by_o transposition_n of_o the_o letter_n into_o the_o word_n â—ust_z or_o from_o the_o word_n stum_n which_o in_o high-dutch_a signify_v mute_a because_o this_o liquor_n forsooth_o be_v hinder_v from_o that_o maturity_n by_o which_o it_o shall_v speak_v â—s_a goodness_n and_o wholesomeness_n this_o do_v they_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o â—he_n wine_n to_o finish_v its_o fermentation_n during_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o spiritual_a part_n impel_v and_o diffuse_v the_o grosser_n and_o feculent_a up_o and_o down_o in_o a_o confuse_a and_o tumultuous_a manner_n until_o all_o be_v dispose_v into_o their_o proper_a region_n the_o liquor_n beome_v more_o pure_a in_o substance_n more_o transparent_a to_o the_o eye_n more_o piquant_a and_o gustful_a to_o the_o palate_n more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o stomach_n more_o nutritive_a to_o the_o body_n the_o impurity_n thus_o separate_v from_o the_o liquor_n be_v upon_o chemical_a examination_n find_v to_o consist_v of_o salt_n sulphur_n each_o oâ—_n which_o be_v impregnate_n with_o somâ—_n spirit_n and_o much_o earth_n which_o be_v now_o dissociate_v from_o thâ—_n pure_a spirit_n either_o mutual_o cohaere_fw-la coagulate_v and_o affix_v themselves_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o form_n of_o a_o stony_a crust_n which_o be_v call_v tartar_n and_o argol_n or_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o a_o muddy_a substance_n like_o the_o ground_n of_o ale_n or_o beer_n which_o be_v call_v the_o lees_n of_o wine_n and_o this_o in_o short_a i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o process_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o clarification_n of_o all_o wine_n by_o a_o orderly_a fermentation_n as_o for_o the_o principal_a agent_n or_o efficient_a cause_n of_o this_o operation_n i_o persuade_v myself_o you_o will_v easy_o admit_v it_o to_o be_v no_o other_o but_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o wine_n itself_o which_o according_a to_o the_o mobility_n of_o its_o nature_n seek_v after_o liberty_n restles_o move_v every_o way_n in_o the_o mass_n of_o liquor_n thereby_o dissolve_v that_o common_a tie_n of_o mixture_n whereby_o all_o the_o heterogeneous_a part_n thereof_o be_v combine_v and_o blend_v together_o and_o have_v get_v itself_o free_a at_o length_n abandon_v they_o to_o the_o tendency_n of_o their_o gravity_n and_o other_o propriety_n which_o they_o soon_o obey_v each_o kind_a consort_n with_o their_o like_a and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o several_a place_n or_o region_n leave_v the_o liquor_n to_o the_o possession_n and_o government_n of_o its_o noble_a principle_n the_o spirit_n for_o this_o spirit_n as_o it_o be_v the_o life_n of_o the_o wine_n so_o doubtless_o it_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n of_o iâ—_n purity_n and_o vigour_n in_o which_o the_o perfection_n of_o that_o life_n seem_v to_o consist_v ¶_o from_o the_o natural_a fermentation_n of_o wine_n we_o pass_v to_o the_o accidental_a from_o their_o state_n of_o soundness_n to_o that_o of_o their_o sickness_n which_o be_v our_o second_o general_n head_n we_o have_v the_o testimony_n of_o daily_a experience_n that_o many_o time_n even_o good_a and_o generous_a wine_n be_v invade_v by_o unnatural_a and_o sickly_a commotion_n or_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o dialect_n of_o wine-coopers_a work_n during_o which_o they_o be_v turbulent_a in_o motion_n thick_a of_o consistence_n unsavoury_a in_o taste_n unwholesome_a in_o use_n and_o after_o which_o they_o undergo_v sundry_a alteration_n to_o the_o worse_o the_o cause_n hereof_o may_v be_v either_o internal_a or_o external_n among_o the_o internal_a i_o shall_v assign_v the_o chief_a place_n to_o the_o excessive_a quantity_n of_o tartar_n or_o of_o lees_n which_o contain_v much_o of_o salt_n and_o sulphur_n as_o have_v already_o be_v hint_v continual_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o liquor_n abundance_n of_o quick_a and_o active_a particle_n that_o like_o stum_n or_o other_o adventitious_a ferment_n put_v it_o into_o a_o fresh_a tumult_n or_o confusion_n which_o if_o not_o in_o time_n allay_v the_o wine_n either_o grow_v rank_a oâ—_n prick_a or_o else_o turn_v sour_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o sulphur_n be_v overmuch_o exalt_v over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o element_n or_o ingredient_n predominate_v over_o the_o pure_a spirit_n and_o infect_v the_o whole_a mass_n of_o liquor_n with_o sharpness_n oâ—_n acidity_n or_o else_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o spirit_n be_v spend_v and_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o commotion_n and_o the_o salt_n dissolve_v and_o set_v afloat_o obtain_v the_o mastery_n over_o the_o other_o similar_v part_n and_o introduce_v rankness_n or_o ropiness_n yea_o though_o these_o commotion_n chance_v to_o be_v suppress_v before_o the_o wine_n be_v thereby_o much_o deprave_v yet_o do_v they_o always_o â—eave_v such_o evil_a impression_n as_o more_o or_o less_o alienate_v the_o wine_n â—rom_fw-mi the_o goodness_n of_o its_o former_a state_n in_o colour_n consistence_n and_o â—aste_n for_o hereby_o all_o wine_n acquire_v a_o deep_a tincture_n i._n e._n à _fw-fr â—hicker_a body_n or_o consistence_n sack_n and_o white-wine_n change_v â—rom_o a_o clear_a white_a to_o a_o cloudy_a yellow_n and_o claret_n lose_v its_o â—right_a red_a for_o a_o duskish_a orange-â—olour_a and_o sometime_o for_o a_o tawny_a in_o like_a manner_n they_o degenerate_a also_o in_o taste_n and_o affect_v the_o palate_n with_o foulness_n roughness_n and_o raucidity_n very_o unpleasant_a among_o the_o external_n be_v common_o reckon_v the_o too_o frequent_a or_o violent_a motion_n of_o wine_n after_o their_o settlement_n in_o their_o vessel_n immoderate_a heat_n thunder_z or_o the_o report_n of_o canon_n and_o the_o admixture_n of_o any_o exotic_a body_n which_o will_v not_o symbolize_v or_o agree_v and_o incorporate_v with_o they_o especial_o the_o flesh_n of_o viper_n which_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v to_o induce_v a_o very_a great_a acidity_n upon_o even_o the_o sweet_a and_o fullest-bodied_n malago_n and_o canary_n wine_n yet_o under_o favour_n i_o shall_v think_v all_o these_o foreign_a accident_n to_o be_v rather_o occasion_n than_o cause_n of_o the_o evil_a event_n that_o follow_v upon_o they_o because_o these_o event_n seem_v to_o arise_v immediate_o and_o principal_o from_o the_o commotion_n and_o diffusion_n of_o the_o sulphureous_a or_o saline_n impurity_n former_o separate_v from_o the_o liquor_n and_o keep_v in_o due_a subjection_n by_o the_o genuine_a and_o benign_a spirit_n but_o this_o be_v no_o place_n nor_o be_v it_o my_o inclination_n to_o insist_v upon_o nicety_n of_o term_n which_o may_v indeed_o start_v matter_n of_o subtle_a speculation_n but_o can_v afford_v little_a or_o nothing_o of_o profit_n to_o our_o present_a enquiry_n which_o
zimar_n in_o antr._n magic_a medic._n t._n 1._o lib._n 7._o pag._n 510._o that_o some_o merchant_n put_v into_o every_o pipe_n of_o their_o greek_a wine_n a_o gill_n or_o thereabouts_o of_o the_o chemical_a oil_n of_o sulphur_n in_o order_n to_o the_o long_a preservation_n of_o it_o clear_a and_o sound_v which_o though_o i_o easy_o belieuâ—_v because_o the_o acid_n spirit_n of_o sulphur_n be_v know_v to_o resist_v putrefaction_n iâ—_n liquor_n yet_o i_o shall_v decline_v the_o use_n of_o wine_n so_o preserve_v unless_o in_o time_n of_o pestilential_a infection_n remember_v that_o old_a distich_n qui_fw-la bibit_fw-la ingrato_fw-la foedatum_fw-la sulphur_n bacchum_fw-la praeparet_fw-la ad_fw-la diri_fw-la se_fw-la phlegetontis_fw-la aquam_fw-la but_o of_o all_o way_n of_o hasten_a â—he_n clarification_n and_o ripen_n of_o new_a wine_n none_o seem_v to_o i_o â—o_o be_v either_o more_o easy_a or_o more_o innoxious_a than_o that_o borrow_v from_o one_o of_o the_o ancient_n by_o the_o lord_n chancellor_n bacon_n and_o mention_v in_o his_o sylva_n sylvarum_n cenâ—ur_fw-fr 7._o experim_n 679._o which_o be_v by_o put_v the_o wine_n into_o vessel_n well_o stop_v and_o let_v it_o down_o into_o â—he_n sea_n hence_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o derive_v the_o use_n of_o that_o antique_a epither_o give_v to_o wine_n thus_o ripen_v vinum_fw-la thalassites_n but_o how_o shall_v we_o reconcile_v this_o experiment_n to_o that_o common_a practice_n of_o both_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_n of_o keep_v wine_n in_o the_o must_v a_o whole_a year_n about_o only_o by_o sink_v the_o cask_n for_o 30._o or_o 40._o day_n in_o a_o well_o or_o deep_a river_n that_o the_o use_n hereof_o be_v very_a ancient_n be_v manifest_a from_o that_o discourse_n of_o plutarch_n quaestion_n nature_n 27._o about_o the_o efficacy_n of_o cold_a upon_o must_v whereof_o he_o give_v thiâ—_n reason_n that_o cold_a not_o suffer_v the_o must_v to_o ferment_n by_o suppress_v the_o activity_n of_o the_o spirit_n therein_o contain_v conserve_v thâ—_n sweetness_n thereof_o a_o long_a timâ—_n which_o be_v not_o improbable_a because_o experience_n teach_v that_o such_o who_o make_v their_o vintage_n in_o a_o rainy_a season_n can_v get_v their_o must_v to_o ferment_n well_o in_o a_o vault_n unless_o they_o cause_v great_a fire_n to_o be_v make_v near_o the_o cask_n the_o rain_n mix_v with_o the_o must_v together_o with_o the_o ambient_fw-la cold_a impede_v the_o motion_n of_o fermentation_n which_o arise_v chief_o from_o heat_n that_o the_o same_o be_v frequent_a at_o this_o day_n also_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o what_o noble_a mr._n boyl_n have_v be_v please_v to_o observe_v in_o his_o incomparable_a history_n of_o cold_a on_o the_o relation_n of_o a_o french_a man_n viz._n that_o the_o way_n to_o keep_v wine_n long_o in_o the_o must_v in_o which_o state_n the_o sweetness_n make_v many_o to_o desire_v it_o be_v to_o tunn_v it_o up_o immediate_o from_o the_o press_n and_o before_o it_o begin_v to_o work_v to_o let_v down_o the_o vessel_n close_o and_o firm_o stop_v into_o a_o well_o or_o deep_a river_n there_o to_o remain_v for_o 6._o or_o 8._o week_n during_o which_o time_n the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o confirm_v in_o its_o state_n of_o crudity_n as_o to_o retain_v the_o same_o together_o with_o its_o sweetness_n for_o many_o month_n after_o without_o any_o sensible_a fermentation_n but_o as_o i_o say_v how_o can_v these_o two_o so_o different_a effect_n the_o clarification_n of_o new_a wine_n and_o the_o conservation_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o must_v be_v derive_v from_o one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n the_o cold_a of_o the_o water_n without_o much_o difficulty_n as_o i_o conjecture_v for_o it_o seem_v not_o unreasonable_a that_o the_o same_o cold_a which_o hinder_v must_v from_o ferment_v shall_v yet_o accelerate_v and_o promote_v the_o clarification_n of_o wine_n after_o fermentation_n in_o the_o first_o by_o give_v checque_n to_o the_o spirit_n before_o it_o begin_v to_o move_v and_o act_v upon_o the_o crude_a mass_n of_o liquor_n so_o that_o it_o can_v in_o a_o long_a time_n after_o recover_v strength_n enough_o to_o work_v in_o the_o latter_a by_o keep_v in_o the_o pure_a and_o genuine_a spirit_n otherwise_o apt_a to_o exhale_v and_o render_v the_o fly_a lee_n more_o prone_a to_o subside_o and_o so_o make_v the_o wine_n much_o soon_o clear_v fine_a and_o potable_a and_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o help_n of_o new_a wine_n ¶_o for_o the_o preternatural_a or_o sickly_a commotion_n incident_a to_o wine_n after_o their_o first_o clarification_n and_o tend_v to_o their_o impoverishment_n or_o decay_n the_o general_a and_o principal_a remedy_n be_v rack_a i._n e._n draw_v they_o from_o their_o lees_n into_o fresh_a vessel_n which_o yet_o be_v sometime_o insufficient_a to_o preserve_v they_o vintner_n find_v it_o necessary_a to_o pour_v into_o they_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o new_a milk_n as_o well_o to_o blunt_v the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o sulphureous_a part_n now_o set_v afloat_o and_o exalt_a as_o to_o precipitate_v they_o and_o other_o impurity_n to_o the_o bottom_n by_o adhesion_n but_o teach_v by_o experience_n that_o by_o this_o mean_n the_o genuine_a spirit_n of_o the_o wine_n also_o be_v much_o flat_v and_o impair_v for_o the_o lee_n though_o it_o make_v the_o liquor_n turbid_v do_v yet_o keep_v the_o wine_n in_o heart_n and_o conduce_v to_o itâ—_n duration_n therefore_o lest_o such_o wine_n shall_v pall_v and_o die_v upon_o their_o hand_n as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v they_o draw_v they_o forth_o foâ—_n sale_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v vent_v they_o for_o the_o same_o disease_n they_o have_v divers_a other_o remedy_n particular_o accommodate_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o wine_n that_o need_v they_o to_o instance_n in_o a_o few_o for_o spanish_a wine_n disturb_v by_o a_o fly_a lee_n they_o have_v this_o receipt_n make_v a_o apparel_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o use_v their_o phrase_n of_o the_o whites_n of_o egg_n bay_a salt_n milk_n and_o conduit_n water_n beat_v they_o well_o together_o in_o a_o convenient_a vessel_n then_o pour_v they_o into_o the_o pipe_n of_o wine_n have_v first_o draw_v out_o a_o gallon_n or_o two_o to_o make_v room_n and_o blow_v off_o the_o froth_n very_o clean_o hereby_o the_o tumult_n will_v in_o 2._o or_o 3._o day_n be_v recompose_v the_o liquor_n refine_v and_o the_o wine_n drink_v pleasant_o but_o will_v not_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o long_o and_o therefore_o they_o counsel_v to_o rack_v it_o from_o the_o milky_a bottom_n after_o a_o week_n settlement_n lest_o otherwise_o it_o shall_v drink_v foul_a and_o change_v colour_n and_o this_o if_o your_o sack_n or_o canary_n wine_n chance_v to_o boil_v over_o draw_v off_o 4._o or_o 5._o gallon_n then_o put_v into_o the_o wine_n 2._o gallon_n of_o milk_n from_o which_o the_o cream_n have_v be_v skim_v beat_v they_o till_o they_o be_v thorough_o commix_v add_v a_o pennyworth_n of_o roch_n alum_n dry_v in_o a_o fire-shovel_a and_o beat_v to_o powder_n and_o as_o much_o of_o white_a starch_n after_o this_o take_v the_o whitâ—â—_n of_o 8._o or_o 10._o egg_n a_o handful_n of_o bay-salt_n and_o have_v beat_v they_o together_o in_o a_o trey_n put_v they_o also_o into_o the_o wine_n fill_v up_o the_o pipe_n again_o and_o let_v the_o wine_n stand_v 2_o or_o 3_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o wine_n will_v recover_v to_o be_v fine_a and_o bright_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o quick_a to_o the_o taste_n but_o be_v sure_a you_o draw_v it_o off_o that_o bottom_n soon_o and_o spend_v it_o as_o fast_o as_o you_o can_v for_o claret_n in_o like_a manner_n distemper_v with_o a_o fly_a lee_n they_o have_v this_o artifice_n they_o take_v two_o pound_n of_o the_o powder_n of_o pebble-stone_n bake_v â—n_o a_o oven_n the_o white_n of_o ten_o or_o â—welve_v egg_n a_o handful_n of_o baybolt_n and_o have_v beat_v they_o well_o together_o in_o two_o gallon_n of_o â—he_n wine_n they_o mix_v they_o with_o that_o in_o the_o cask_n and_o after_o two_o or_o three_o day_n draw_v off_o the_o wine_n from_o that_o bottom_n the_o same_o apparel_n serve_v also_o for_o white_a wine_n upon_o the_o fret_v by_o the_o turbulence_n and_o rise_n of_o their_o lee._n to_o cure_v rhenish_n of_o its_o fret_v to_o which_o it_o be_v most_o prone_a a_o little_a after_o midsummer_n as_o be_v before_o observe_v they_o seldom_o use_v any_o other_o art_n but_o give_v it_o vent_v anâ—_n cover_v the_o open_a bung_n with_o 〈◊〉_d tile_n or_o slate_n from_o which_o theâ—_n be_v careful_a to_o wipe_v off_o the_o fill_v it_o purge_v from_o the_o wine_n by_o exhalation_n and_o after_o the_o commotion_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v compose_v aâ—_n much_o of_o the_o fret_a matter_n caâ—_n forth_o they_o observe_v to_o let_v it_o remain_v quiet_a for_o a_o fortnight_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o then_o rack_v it_o