manifest Obliquity of the body as may be seen in the said Figure Let us then investigate some other cause of this crookedness and that the matter may the more clearly appear the following things are briefly to be premised 1. We affirm that in this Disease the Bones are not to be numbred omong the affected parts in respect of Nutrition for they are not nourished or do they grow less than in those that are healthy as we have found by observation For we find that the blood alone is sufficient for their nutrition and that there is no need of the nervous Juice as in the nourishing of the other parts For since the bones are deemed to have no sense or feeling as in themselves it is withall to be thought that they have little or no commerce with the Nerves 2. We take it for granted that in this Affect the musculous and nervous parts do in nowise wax bigger by reason of the defect of the nervous Liquor that is requisite for their nutrition These things being premised let a. in the sixth Figure be the Shank-bone b the muscles affixt to it behind and constituting the calf of the Leg. Whereas therefore the Shank-bone doth increase and grow longer yet the same being held down as it were with a string by the muscles which grow not with equapace insomuch that it cannot grow straight there is a necessity that that bone should stand bent like a Bow being stretch'd out by the Fibres of the muscles which are shorter Let us illustrate this our Hypothesis by Example If a Cord or String be fasten'd to a young growing Tree at the top and towards the root but in such manner as the same be not bent thereby as in the seventh Figure is described I no ways doubt but that Tree will become bow'd as it grows after the manner of the eighth Figure For this demonstration doth depend upon this Mathematical assertion viz. If a Line assigned to certain bounds be stretched out longer within the same bounds or limits it must on necessity of a straight line become a crooked one Which is the very same that happens to the bones in this Affect And this may further be confirmed in that bowed bones always respect or bēd towards the muscle annexed to them on the concave part as a Bow doth its string as may be seen in a shank which beareth forward and is Convex but in the hinder part that respects the Muscles it is concave this same also doth take place in other bones from a strong Argument that the bones are not otherwise inflected by the Muscles than a bow is by its string From which a reason may be sought why Women-Quacks are wont with success daily to rub the concave side of the bones and not the convex viz. The Muscle sited on the concave side of the bone is nourished and increaseth the nutritious liquor being more plentifully caled forth by this kind of Friction that now it is no marvel the string being stretched out lōger if the bone extended and bowed by it be withall relaxed and become straighter And from this cause they that are cured of this disease grow for the most part very tall in Stature for the Bones grow not as in others but also whilst they become straight of crooked ones they are much more elongated The Spine also is variously in flicted partly inwards and partly outwards which ariseth from the various Position of the Muscles in divers parts of the Spine The Spine to wit in the Superiour part by the muscles outwardly affixt is bowed inwards but in the inferiour part by the muscles Psoas inwardly annexed and very strong it is bent outwards as in the ninth Figure is shewed wherein a. a. is the Spine b. the Muscles affixt outwardly and bowing the Spine in the superiour part inwards and c. the internal muscles of the Loyns called Psoas bending the same outwards In like manner also I suppose this cause or reason of Crookedness takes place not only in this Affect but likewise in other cases For if at any time it falls out in tender Age that any muscle through deffect of nutriment be extenuated the bone to which the same is annexed must needs be bowed thereby In the Thighs and Shoulders where the Bones are equally restrained by muscles fastned on every side those being posited in aequilibrio or equal poize are rarely bowed in any part but since they cannot be stretched out in length they must as they do on necessity grow out in bigness and sometimes also become knotty CHAP. XI Why the Breast grows straight or narrow and accuminated MOreover it happens in this affect that the Breast becomes straight and accuminated and this Symptome in like manner may easily be illustrated by our Hypothesis For The Ribs cannot enlarge their Arches unless the Intercostal muscles be also extended as may be seen in the tenth Figure where the Proportions of the Ribs a. a. a. a. cannot be elongated unless the intercostal muscles be likewise stretched out or enlarged But we take it for granted that the said muscles in as much as nerves are imparted to them from the Spinalis Medulla cannot be lengthened through defect of Aliment Ergo neither can the Ribs nor yet the Breast grow wider For whereas the Ribs are nonrished yet being stayed by the said muscles that they cannot be augmented as to longitude they must needs as it comes to pass grow Knotty But neither is this Augment suitable to the provision or plenty of Aliment wherefore the anteriour extremities of the Ribs are yet further lengthened to an edge for there remains but this one way of increasing as in the eleventh Figure is shewn wherein let a a be the Ribs whose extremities b b grow outwardly to an edge for they cannot be bowed inwards since it would be much contrary to their natural Site Likewise the Muscles of the Abdomen conduce not a little to the narrowness of the Breast which as we said being extenuated and tighted do draw the inferiour Ribs to which they are fastned downwards and so straighten the Breast With the self same reason may be demonstrated the vices of the other bones to wit whereas the joynt-bones in the Wrists and Ancles cannot be bowed by reason of their brevity they do bunch forth into knots or nodes But let what hath been said touching the crookedness of the bones suffice CHAP. XII Of the Asthma Pursiness or shortness of Breath in this Affect IT is no wonder if the Lungs which have not room to dilate themselves are stuft with clotted blood as it falls out and puft up by reason of the aforesaid straightness of the breast Hereupon sometimes they become purulent and for the most part grow fast to the Pleura and and from this cause the Asthma and difficulty of breathing do afflict the Patients CHAP. XIII From what Cause the Imbecillity or Feebleness of the Body doth arise AS to the very great feebleness of the
set down it's Division Sub. divisions and Characters as followeth The Greater Measures A Gallon Measure contains 2 Pottles or 8 Pounds A Pottle 2 Quarts 4 Pounds A Quart 2 Pints 4 Pounds The Smaller Measures The Pint measure contains 1 Pound-Troy or 12 Ounces The ½ Pint 6 Ounces The ¼ Pint 3 Ounces The ha ¼ P. 1 Ounce and ½ The Ounce 1 Ounce The ½ Ounce ½ Ounce The said Measures are usually exprest by the Marks or Characters of the Weights to which they are applicable as by the subsequent Table which likewise as that of Weights preceding is sufficiently explanatory in it self doth manifestly appear 3. And so we come gradually to the Mensuration-Table it self and shall propose one Question the Resolution whereof will give light enough as touching the Use of it A Table of MEASVRES for Liquids   lb. ℥ ℥ ß 1 Gallon is equivalent to 8 96 192 1 Pottle 4 48 96 1 Quart 2 24 48 1 Pint 1 12 24 ½ Pint 0 6 12 ¼ Pint 0 3 6 ½ Quarter 0 1½ 3 1 Ounce 0 1 2 ½ Ounce 0 ½ 1 A pretious Liquor drawn off per Alembicum to the quantity of 3 Quarts 1 Pint 1 half Pint 1 quarter-Pint was repos'd unciatim or Ounce by Ounce for common Sale now it is demanded how many Ounce Bottles were requisite for it's reposition Answer 93. For   ℥  2 Quarts or 1 Pottle is answerable to 48 In all 93 Ounces 1 Quart 24 1 Pint 12 ½ Pint 06 ¼ Pint 03 ☞ Note that Oyl is lighter than Wine by a ninth part and Honey is weightier than Wine by the half So that whatever Measure containeth of VVine 9 Ounces receiveth of Oyl but 8 Ounces and is capable to hold 13 Ounces and an half of Honey POSTSCRIPT IT may be expected that I should add an Interpretation of the Grecian Roman and Arabian Weights and Measures for the better understanding of some ancient Authors but they being in these days altogether obsolete I shall at present superlede FINIS The most difficult Terms of Art belonging to the afore-going Treatise and Appendix Alphabetically Explained ABdomen The lowest Cavity of the Body called the Paunch or Belly severed within from the Breast by the Midriff and bounden above by the Heart-pit and beneath by the Share-bones Aliment Nourishment Alterants or Alteratives Medicines that change or alter the Discrasy or evil Disposition of the Blood Anodyne That easeth Pains Aperients or Aperitives Medicines that open or take away Obstructions Aphorisms Short general Rules Arteries Mensbranous Spermatical Vessels which by Pulsation conveigh away the Blood from the Heart to the Veins Ascites A kind of Dropsie wherein the Abdomen is swelled like a Bottle from a watriss humor contained within the Cavity thereof Dr. Willis Asthma It is a difficult pursie Breathing with a great shaking of the Breast and for the most part without any Feaver D. W. Astringents Binding Medicines Atrophy A Consumption of the Flesh when the same wasteth away and the Food taken in doth not nourish Bolus So much of an Electuary or other solid Medicine as the Patient may well take at one time in his Mouth Cacochymical humours i. e. Evil or vicious humours Carminative That expelleth Wind. Carotid Arteries Two Arteries in the Neck that go up to the Brain Cartilage It is a similar Part Cold dry and void of sense flexible and not so hard as a Bone called also a Gristle or Tendrel as of the Ear or Nose Chirurgical Belonging to Chirurgery Colature It is taken for any Liquor slrained or separated from its Feculency Sediment or more gross Ingredients Concoction ' Digestion Concretion A gathering together or congealing of any substance Corroborant or Corroborative Strengthening or confirming Costive bound in Body Cubit The two Bones of the Arm to wit The lesser above called Radius reaching from the Shoulder to the Elbow and larger below called Ulna reaching from the Elbow to the Wrist Dentition Breeding of Teeth Diaphoreticks Medicines that dissolve and send forth Humours by Transpiration or breathing through the Pores that is to say such as cause or procure Sweat Digestives Medicines that concoct digest or prepare the Humours to be corrected or evacuated Diureticks Medicines that provoke Urine or cause to piss often Dolour Grief Pain or Ache. Dose A quantity of Physick to be given at one time Edulcorated Sweetned or made sweet with Sugar Honey and the like Emeticks Medicines causing a Vomit called also Vomitories Empiticks Quacks Post-doctors or Mountebanks Enervation A weakning or enfeebling Epispastic Attractive or Drawing Fasciation Swathing Fonticles or Fontinels Issues Friction A rubbing of the Parts Glandules Kernels or soft spungy Substances in the Body appointed to receive excrementitious humours Hypnoticks Medicines that procure or conciliate Sleep Hypochondria That part of the Belly and Sides under the shorts Ribs Hypothesis The Cause Ground or Supposition whereon we rely in the framing of an Argument Intercostal Muscels Muscles placed between the Ribs in that form as in Fig. 10. Intercostal Nerves The ninth or last Pair of Nerves so called because it marches down by the Roots of the Ribs and betwixt every Rib it receives a Branch from the Spinal Marrow Jugular Veins Certain Veins in the Neck so called Laxative Loosening Liniment A soft Ointment Ligature Bandage or Swathing of any I art Medicament A Medicine Mesenterium The Mesentery It is a membranous Part situate in the middle of the lower Belly serving not only for conveying some Vessels to the Intestines and others from them but also it ties most of the Guts together so artificially that for all their manifold Windings they are not entangled and confounded The Veins it contains are called the Mesaraick Veins Muscle Is a dissimilar Part to wit whose Portions are neither of the same Substance nor the same Denomination for it is compos'd of Flesh Nervous Fibres and a Tendon and the proper Instrument of Voluntary Motion Nerve It is a simple Spermatical part called a Sinew Nervous Liquor It is the Nutritious Juice of the Nerves Nutriment or Nutrition Nourishment Opiates Meaicines wherein Opium is an Ingredient and is often taken for any Medicine that procureth Sleep Parenchyma A fleshly Substance and chiefly of the Liver Spleen and Lights Peritonaeum The inmost membranous Coat of the Belly Phlebotomy Breathing of a Vein or Blood-letting Phthisis or Phthisick It is properly a withering away of the whole Body arising from an Ulcer or other ill Formation of the Lungs Dr. Willis Pleura A thin Membrane that investeth the Ribs on both sides Prognostick A fore knowledge or understanding of the future State of a Disease founded on the due consideration of the present State Psoas Two great Muscles sited in the inward part of the Loyns Purulent Mattery or foul Corruption Respiration An Action whereby the Air is received in and driven forth of the Lungs called Breathing Scarification A cutting or Lancing Serositv Moisture Specifics Remedies proper to any one peculiar Disease Spine The Back-bone Spinalis Medulla The Pith of the Back-bone called the Spinal Marrow Sternum The Breast-bone Strumae and Strumous Swellings Hard Kernels or Swellings Tibia The Bone of the Leg called the Shank or Shin-bone Veneral-Evil The French-Pox or Modish Disease Ventricle The Stomach Vertebrae of the Neck The 7 Bones of the Neck behind the lowermost whereof is joyned to the uppermost Vertebrae of the Back which are in number 12. Vesicatories Medicines that raise Blisters Viscera The Bowels to wit The Heart Liver and Lungs Ung. è Succ. aperitivis An Ointment of Opening Juices The Index or Table of the CONTENTS THE Proëme Pag. 1 CHAP. I. Of the time when and place where the Disease Rhachitis had it's first Rise and who are most subject thereto Pag. 3 CHAP. II. Of the Signs or Symptoms of the Disease Pag. 4 CHAP. III. Of the Cause of the Disease That it consisteth not in the naughtiness of the Blood nor in the deprav'd Constitution of the Parts Pag. 8 CHAP. IV. That the Nerves as well as the Blood do help to nourish and this Disease doth peculiarly depend upon the Defect of the Nervous Influx Pag. 11 CHAP. V. The Definition or Description of the Rhachitis together with the Cause thereof Wherein is shewed that it proceeds not from the faultiness of the Brain but from the Obstruction of the Spinalis Medulla Pag. 14 CHAP. VI. The Reasons of the Symptoms and first of the too great augmentation of the Head Pag. 17 CHAP. VII Of the Swelling or puffing up of the Abdomen Pag. 18 CHAP. VIII Of Strumous Glandules or hard Kernels Pag. 20 CHAP. IX Of the Crookedness of the Bones Dr. Glisson's Opinion touching the same is set down Pag. 24 CHAP. X. The Author's Opinion c. Pag. 28 CHAP. XI Why the Breast grows straight or narrow and acuminated Pag. 38 CHAP. XII Of the Asthma Pursiness or shortness of Breath Pag. 41 CHAP. XIII From what Cause the Imbecillity of the Body doth arise Pag. 42 CHAP. XIV Why Elderly Persons are not molested with this Disease Pag. 44 CHAP. XV. The Prognostick of the Disease Pag. 46 CHAP. XVI The Method of Curing Pag. 49 CHAP. XVII The Use of Clysters and some Forms thereof Pag. 51 CHAP. XVIII The Use of Emetics or Vomitory Medicines and Forms thereof Pag. 55 CHAP. XIX Some Examples of Catharticks or Purging Medicines Pag. 57 CHAP. XX. Chirurgical Remedies Pag. 63 CHAP. XXI Specific Alteratives Pag. 67 CHAP. XXII Chymical Specifics also of Sweating and Bathing Pag. 78 CHAP. XXIII Of Remedies that correct the Symptoms Pag. 84 In the Appendix Of Medical Weights Pag. 1 Of Measures Pag. 12
As for the Liver and the rest of the Parenchymaes which seem principally to consist of affused blood the nervous juice perhaps is not so necessary for their nutrition yet whereas the Muscles of the Abdomen spread over them have nerves from the Spinalis medulla which certainly can bring no nutriment from that dried fountain hence it comes to pass that the Viscera or Bowels inwardly surging do press the Muscles aforesaid and cause them to be stretched out as not growing with equal pace CHAP. VIII Of strumous Glondules or hard Kernels FUrthermore it happens that the Mesentery is affected with great Kernels and Strumous Tumours That the cause of this symptome may the better be known I shall briefly premit the Origine of Glandules The nervous Liquor being mingled by due fermentation with the Blood doth pass into a nutritious carnal substance but if the Nerve being replete and turgid shall pour forth its liquor which is very much like unto the white of an Eg into the interspaces of the flesh the matter so effused doth not any more make flesh through the defect of blood requisite hereto but is congealed ed into a Glandulous body very much like unto it self which from Observation is manifest For being about to make an Experiment on a Dog I pricked a nerve whereupon the dog was afterwards miserably wrested with Convulsions and about three months after I found a Glandulous concretion remarkable enough where that wound or Puncture before hand was inflicted which seems to arise from the nervous liquor flowing from the Puncture of the Nerve These things being premised whereas so much nervous liquor is transfered from the repleted brain through the Wandring Pair and Intercostol nerves into the Abdomen as cannot be changed into the substance of the Viscera that liquor is deposited into the interspaces of the Membranes whereof many occur and there procureth strumae or waddles in great number Neither only in the Abdomen but wheresoever the nerves springing from the brain which grow turgid with that Liquor do approach there strumous Tumours are to be seen yet such as vanish away shortly after the Cure of the disease For the nervous Liquor which being effused in so great plenty from the Brain through the nerves springing from thence did abound to the Generation of the Strumoe is now for the greatest part derived into the Spinalis medulla so that those Strumoe defrauded of nutriment in a short time are dryed away CHAP. IX Of the Crookedness of the Bones Dr. Glissons Opinion touching the same is set down IN this Affect also the Bones are wont to be bowed more or less especially those of the Cubit and Tibia The joynts also for the most part bend outwardly the Extremities of the Ribs where they are joyn'd with the Cartilages of the Sternum are knotty The Bones of the joynts protuberant likewise the whole Spine is variously inflected partly outwards partly inwards I do not conceive that this crookedness of the bones doth proceed from their Flexibility sith that Children afflicted with this malady have rather greater and firmer bones than others as shall more at large be declared But since this incurvitie of the benes is so notable we may be a little more prolix in the Disquisition thereof and first I shall produce the Learned Glissons opinion and then my own We may compare the Bones saith the famous man to which this crookedness useth to happen to a Pillar and not unaptly seeing that when they are erected they resemble a Pillar And from thence we deduce a demonstration that illustrates and makes the matter very plain Let the Pillar therefore consist of three stones a. b. c. placed over one another Fig. 1. We suppose it such a one as is perpendicularly erected on every side and of the same height If therefore you shall fasten in a wedge on the right side between the stones a. b. through the line f. d. The head of the Pillar namely the stone a. will of necessity be bended towards d. and will make an Angle in d. and the height of the Pillar on the right side will be higher than on the left as may be seen in Fig 1. In like manner if you drive in another wedge through g. e. into the stones b. c. the Pillar will be yet more bow'd and an Angle will be made in e. Now therefore the Pillar stands bent to the left hand as you see in the same Figure But if you build a Pillar of more stones and betwixt every two as hath been said a wedge be interposed on one side it will not resemble the Figure of a Pillar but the proportion of a Bow as is plainly perceived by the third Figure Now that we may accommodate these things to the present buisness if the bones aforesaid be more plentifully nourished and therefore do grow out more on that than the opposite side there is a necessity that that must grow crooked For here the over-plentiful nutrition of that side hath the same power after the same manner to bow the Bones as the interposed wedge hath to bow the Pillar fave that the wedge is fastened only in some places of the side of the Pillar and the over-plentiful nutrition of the side of the bone is commonly equally made according to the whole length thereof and because of this equal nutrition of the bone the bowing thereof doth exactly represent part of a Circle without Angles CHAP. X. The Authors opinion That the Bones in this Disease are sufficiently nourished but not the musculous Parts the extenuation whereof is the only Cause that the Bones are bowed as is illustrated by Example Of the inflexion of the Spine Why the Bones of the Thigh and Shoulder are very seldome bowed ACcording to this Hypothesis to wit the over-plentiful Nutrition of one side the Famous man indeed by an ingenious Comment doth demonstrate the crookedness of the Bones But by the leave of so great a Person how doth that over-plentiful nutrition of one side appear to us when as the blood wherewith the bones are nourished is not less equally dispensed in this Affect than it is in such as are healthful And were there any such inequality the over-plentiful Aliment would be admitted in by the hinder-part of the Tibia or Shank-bone as being less exposed to the Cold and softer and then the posteriour and elongated side of the bowed shank would be convex and the anteriour concave but it is quite contrary for the shank in this Affect is wont to stand out forward Yea further we may gather from the very Figure or shape of the bowed bones that they grow equally on both sides For the bones are after the manner of the Fourth Figure which may represent the Tibia or shank-bone where the concave part a. is just as long as the convex part b. For otherwise if the Tibia were formed as in the fifth figure the Thigh-bone b plac'd above it could not be sustained without a