Axungia Porcina IT is called Axungia of anointing the Axle-tree to make the wheeles turn easier about for which cause many use it to this day It is liquid flowing like oyl with warmeth it hath a lenifying and anodine quality and therefore it is not unprofitably used for mitigation of sharp humours asswaging of pain healing of burnings with fire and very fitly mixed with Cataplasmes appointed for those effects Axungia Cervi THis Axungia is of a hot nature doth asswage aches resolveth and mollifieth hard tumours in any part of the body And by experience is found very good administred in Glisters to heal the excoriations of the Intestinum rectum for it is anodine and very sanative The manner to use it is somewhat touched in some other my instructions elsewhere Mel simplex ENglish honey being yellow the favour and odour pleasant sharpe pure sincere clear fast or stiffe yeelding little spume in decocting is good and very profitable for those that are costive also for the stomack if one drink it with water it helpeth the bladder and reins it is good for the eyes mundifieth openeth and healeth As for burnings and scaldings it cureth them without scar and is very good to heal ulcers of the ears and saith Dioscorides drunk with water is wholesome for the belly and stomack it helpeth such as are pained in the kidnies and bladder It is also good to anoint the eyes with to clear the dimnesse of sight in them it hath an abstergent or cleansing force it openeth the mouthes of veins whereby it also draweth out fordid matter or quiâ—tur from fetide ulcers But the best honey of all other is that which is gathered in Lituania a Province of Polonia where the Bees breed onely in high trees and gather their honey from a certain flower growing on trees called in Latine Flos Tiliae or Tili in the Germane tongue Lindâ—n holt This honey is white hard and very fragant or odoriferous Of the vertues and uses of sundry Cordial waters FOrasmuch as compound cordial waters truly made of the Spirit of wine with the addition of divers especial costly and medicinal spices drugs and other precious additaments now much in use have been found very available and comfortable by many experiences not onely at Sea and in the very remotest parts of the earth either hot or cold to our nation and others in their travels but also here at home upon many occasions have ministred great help and comfort both in preserving the body in health from diseases and also in curing many great infirmities especially when they have proceeded of cold causes I thought it a thing not unnecessary briefly to set down the vertues and uses of some of the principal of them for the benefit of young Surgeons Aqua Caelestis MAthiolus in his Commentaries upon Dioscorides setteth down this excellent water as a principal Antidote or preservative against all poysons or poysoned and infectious aires whatsoever for that either received into the body or but onely smelled unto it helpeth very much against infections and that it doth very admirably restore again one fallen either of the dead palsie or falling sicknesse and is also good either in the Collick or any gripings of the guts as also in any the weaknesses of the stomack and against any cold fluxes of the guts or belly two spoonfuls thereof given in a glister and hath many more especial good uses and vertues there set down which for brevity I must passe over D r. Steevens his water THis Water needeth no man to describe his vertues being a thing so common and ancient in use composed by that learned Physitian of worthy memory so named Experience hath found it to be a notable cordial water for comforting the head and heart yea and all the principal faculties of the body both animal vital and natural if it be truly prepared and of this there needeth no question if you will but believe the seller thereof Rosa solis THis Rosa solis or rather Rossolis taketh his name of an herb so called which herb is very medicinable as namely against consumptions it hath been often approved and found a certain remedy But the Rosa Solis composition being without deceit made is far more precious for it comforteth the stomack and brain helpeth digestion strengtheneth the appetite openeth obstructions is good against the palsie and falling sicknesse and hath many other vertues Cynamon Water THis Water doth comfort and strengthen the stomack the liver the milt the lungs the heart the brain and the sinewes sharpneth the sight is good against venoms as also the stingings and bitings of venemous beasts helpeth a bad or evil savouring breath is good against loathing of the stomack and where you desire to warm to open to attenuate digest or corroborate in all such cases this precious liquour excelleth witnesse Johannes Jacobus Weekerus alledging Mathiolus yea and divers other famous Writers beside experience it self Limon Water THis is the tincture and chief essence drawn by the spirit of wine from the rindes of Limons which is a great restorative to mans nature and a precious Cordial which not onely aromatizeth the stomack but much strengthneth the feebled spirits and is as an healing balsame to all the inward parts of the body and doth open obstructions and break the wind in the stomack exceedingly Juyce of Limons is touched elsewhere in the cure of Scurvy Rosemary Water THis is a great comforter of the brain sharpneth the sight helpeth the weaknesse of the stomack preserveth from vomiting is very good against the disease Dysentery or the bloody flix the cause proceeding of cold either drunk or three spoonfuls taken in a Glister when you are ready to administer the same It hath very many other good properties too long here to recite Sassafras Water THe spirit of this precious root is a great opener of all obstructions or stoppings in the body namely of the liver the lungs the kidnies and of the spleen and therby it is found by many experiences excellent against the Scurvy the French disease and the yellow jaundise it is an approved remedy also against cold fevers and the dropsie or for those which are inclining thereto for it provoketh urine and sweat in a very mild and natural manner and driveth out many diseases by the pores of the skin It hath infinite more vertues ascribed unto it the best of these roots grow in Virginia You may read Monardus of the vertues of this root more at large in his Treatise of New Spain Aniseed-water THis water as the former and also those which follow have all their substances from the Spirit of wine and must therefore being truly so made retain the manifold good vertues thereof and besides having therein the whole vertues of the Anise-seeds it is found very excellent against wind in the stomack or else-where in the body and against Asma the Tisick and shortnesse of breath it also breaketh flegme and warmeth the stomack Worm
of maturation or no also by depressing the cutis a little with your finger When an Apostume will suppurâ—â—e Hâ—ppocrat cap. 2. lib. 47. Mark also out of the words of the Ancients to know when an Apostume will proceed to suppuration Hippocrates lib. 47. cap. 2. hath these words that whilest Pus is in making paines and feavers do afflict but Pus being made paines and feavers do decline And to Tagalt Instit confirm the former words Tagaltius in his Institutions cap. 3. hath these following verses Duritia longa pulsus dolor calor aucti Signant pus fieri sed facto dicta remissa Sub digito undans albescens pars acuta The fourth time of an Apostume The declination of Apostumes I cannot stand to amplifie but I refer you as before to Mr. Galles Institution of a Chirurgion as also to Johannes Vigo and other good writers for a more ample doctrine in that point onely note that when the tumour or apostume is ripe mine opinion is rather it be opened by a potential caustick medicine then by actual incision when it may be as conveniently effected and that for many good reasons and one sufficient reason in mine opinion is if you use incision you must needs put in tents dossels or the like with medicines to keep open the orifice and also to enlarge it which doing you stop the passage of natures true evacuation twixt each dressing offending the parts adjacent and hinder the unition of the disjoyned parts against conscience detracting good healing yea and thereby hazard divers evil accidents to follow as fistulaes c. from Caustick incision commended all which by caustick incision you are freed and fear not at all the application of a convenient potential caustick medicine in due time and place especially the impostume being ripe and the skin thin for you can pierce no further then thorow the cutis though you would for being onely thorow the skin the matter will choak your caustick or corrasive medicine neither doubt at all that your work shall succeed otherwise then well for nature will provide remedy speedily easily and safely to heal your patient provided you be also careful to use your endeavour with good warm medicines duly applyed and with also the use of good ligature which is one principall good help good diet and other reasonable means likewise had for I have ever observed in my practise that a hot tumour in any outward part of the body growing either by repletion obstruction fever or by the evil disposition of the bloud for the most part yea even in pestilential and venemous Fevers in good bodies not being pocky nor too too old are easily healed by any understanding Artist that can joyn reason and experience together many several wayes namely for one if you perceive a beginning or 〈◊〉 of humours together in any part of the body consider what might be the cause thereof as near as you can if you find it to be fulnesse of the body or costivenesse you have divers present remedies that way to flye unto Laxative Medicines fitting viz. at the first make the Patient a suppository then give him a glyster if need be and a Laxative medicine also according as you shall see cause regarding the quality and quantity of the humour abounding but remember where the body is costive you were best to begin as is said with a suppository first and that having caused one stoole proceed with a purge if you see further cause or a glyster for often onely one suppository doth what you require also good fomentations that may by the pores of the skin help to breathe some part of the matter will do well and so the rest by discussing and mollifying medicines the easier be cured If the grief begin in the head or throat you may use phlebotomy either under the tongue on the forehead or on the arm in the head vein or median vein but if you perceive that by emptying the body artificially and cooling the blood with convenient medicines as also answerable slender diet and opening a vein that the collected peccant humours will not be discussed nor put back then may you proceed to attraction and suppuration as you see cause for it were most grosse to seek to detain that which Nature hath resolved to cast forth wherefore if you see cause to bring forward any Apostume you may then consider by the quality thereof what course to take namely by attractive alterative or suppurative Medicines as touching attractive medicines good attractives at Sea to be had are Gum Elemni of it self spread on lether and 〈◊〉 applied and Galbanum also is very good provided it be dissolved in wine and not in vineger Mellilot plaister will well bring forward an Apostume hot or cold and helpeth suppuration Commonpitch is a good attractive Burgundy pitch is also good Of these the discreet Chirurgions Mate may use the fittest in his discretion and if he desire violent attraction of any slothful cold tumour let him set a large cupping glasse thereon Maturatives or alterative Medicines in the 〈◊〉 Chest and Ship to be had are very many yea more then I can call to mind at this time wherefore to be brief Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummis I put for the principal for it is for that purpose only Paraâ—elsus Plaisters applyed thick spread the place first anointed with oyl of Lillies will do well But where time and place is convenient in my opinion a mean Cataplasme warm and thick applyed suppurateth best and easiest viz. make a decoction of Althaea roots or Line seeds and the cause being cold add Fenigreek a little to this decoction adde Bean or Barley meal oyl of Camomil Dill and Lillies of each a small quantity Dialthaea a little or Axungia porcina and apply it warm and shift it twice in 24 houres Or â„ž flowers of Camomil Mellilote and of Elders an a M. ss Wormwood M. ss Althaea roots bruised â„¥ ss make a decoction thereof in fair water a sufficient quantity adding of Bean meal or Barley meal M. j. and being boyled into a due form of a Cataplasme adde oyl of Camomil or Dill â„¥ iiij Axungia porcina â„¥ ij In want of some one of these flowers another for need will serve and if none of them were to be had yet there is many other meaner helps to bring forward an Apostume which time will not now permit me to rehearse When you have an intent to bring any tumour to suppuration you must neither purge nor bleed your Patient neither appoint him a thin dyet When you would an Apostume should go back if it be above the navil in the breast back or head then let your purging Medicines be such as purge downward onely but if it be below the navil or in the arms or legs vomitive Medicines do best except some especial hinderances as Asthma or the like And to those uses none are so effectual as those
the disease hath his beginning the more dangerous it may be adjudged By the complaint of the sick you shall know partly in what part of the body the disease is though not alwayes if the small guts be in the fault there is alwayes great pain about the navil but if it be in the gut Duodenum colon or rectum then the chief pain is in the lower parts of the belly according to their places The causes of the Flux with the signs of death This disease proceedeth sometimes by Apostumation of the small guts and then it is exceeding painful before it come to a Flux neither can any anodine glyster prevail at all to give ease till the full suppuration of the guts be perfected and that the Apostume be brâ—ken If this disease proceed from a former great obstruction either of the liver of the lungs or the speen there is small hope of life to be had Also when convulsions of the sinews singultas and vomitting or any one of these signs especially the two first appear then commonly death is at hand One learned Writer rehearsing Hippocrates for his Author saith that usually before death in this disease a black or blewish spot will appear behind the left ear of the sick which I also have seen observing it of late you shall find Plantane water to be a very good liquor to give any dry medicine in for the flux especially where there is any complaint of Plantane water and seeds and roots are very good for the flux heat or excoriation Plantane seeds are also good and so is a decoction of the roots of Plantane very good for that use or for glysters where it may be had The purging medicines which are called Diauretick or that provoke urine are also praised by Writers but I leave them to be done with great judgement onely if you use any medicine to cause urine the powder of yellow Amber is a sure one and without any manifest hot or offensive quality so is the powder of the Sea-horse peezel and the morse tooth of any of which if you give Ê’j for one dose you may safely do it but ℈ is sufficient at once Oyl of Terbinthine and of Amber are good diauâ—â—tick medicines and much more fotceable then the former but not so fit in this disease but rather good to drive gravel from the kidneys and serve well touching the The giving of vomits require great care and a good judgement cure of many cold and slothful diseases as the Dropsie Scurvy Lethargy and the like A vomitive medicine is not amiss in Fluxes whilst the party hath strength but the young Artist may easily make an error small in shew which notwithstanding may quickly cost a man his life wherefore if he attempt in such eases to cause vomit as one principle let him have care to the true dose of his medicines but first let us have good confideration whether it be convenient to use any such medicine or no for where easier medicines will cure never attempt greater but mistake me not I speak these things of love onely to children in Art and not to grave Artists from whom I would gladly learn my self Further I advise the younger Artists not to strive to stay a Flux as is said in a full body till nature be first unburthened partly by the disease and partly by medicines fit But as concerning Phlebotomy rehearsed as necessary in the cure of this disease do it not without great discretion and judgement for the Patient weakned formerly with so terrible a sicknesse and his spirits spent bleeding by a vein not advisedly done may suddenly overthrow and kill him yet again I must confesse that rule holdeth not generally CERTAIN SIGNES PROGNOstications and instructions which I hope will not be unprofitable for YOUTH concerning Fluxes The signs preceding the flux THe Signs of the disease are alwaies manifest of themselves the signs afore-running or demonstrating of the instant disease are these following Pain and torture of the intestines or ventricle Galen testifieth cap. 2. locorum affectorum in the very beginning of a Flux saith he sharp choler is sent forth wringings and as it were off-scouring or off-shavings of the intestines appear then after there followeth a little blood and then beginneth the disease Dysentery and by the relation of the Patient it will often appear if the pain be above or below the Navil A painful slow expulsion of the excrements of the belly with small fragments bloody and fatty do argue the higher intestines to be affected but if the grief be lower a pain below the The excrements in fragments and fat therewith Navil shall torment the Patient then you shall see much fatnesse with fragments and those fragments of the lower intestines will be more grosse and lesse mingled with the excrements A Dysentery slaying popularly and killing many may be adjudged contagious and is thought to follow a pestilential constitution and if in the times of a general infection by the disease Dysentery or Lientery a white Flux called Diarrhaea with Tenasmus appear in the Patient that party a little after shall be afflicted with the Dysentery The Ulcers of of the small intestines are more dangerous then the ulcers of the greater Difficulty of the intestines if it proceed from a black choler is held mortal Aph. 24. Sect. 4. Mortal signs in the Dysentery Long difficulties of the intestines hunger and wearinesse are evil signes and it is so much the worse if it be with a fever â—ph 3. Sect. 6. Every Flux especially if it be Dysenterial happening after a long sicknesse is mortal but chiefly if it be sudden because it argueth a sudden corruption of humours and great debility A Flux drawing to a languishing dropfie is mortal If in a Dysenteria a blew blew spot appear behind the ear the Patient shall dye The Fluxes that are from the beginning waterish and afterwards like an unguent are evil In all Fluxes of the belly and in all other diseases of weaknesse of the appetite inconstancy of the minde heavinesse in sleep imbecility of the legs a hoarse and barking voice a weak pulse beating often pains over the whole body chiefly about the belly blacknesse of the face or of a deadly or leady colour and coldnesse in all the extreme parts theseafore-said signs foretel evil but the signs contrary to these aforesaid are healthful The Hicket after an immoderate flux of the belly is mortal A good sign Belching following a Flux of the belly is good because it is a sign that nature hath received or again begun concoction A bad sign A flux of the belly which is not appeased by fit remedies is pernitious A pestilent flux of the belly beginning with lienteria Dearrheae or Tenasmus is worse in children then in ancient men as experience teacheth If that by the difficulty of the Intestines the excrements come forth like peeces of flesh it is a deadly sign Aph. 26.
pestilential Boyle Of the second outward sign of the Plague THe second outward signe in the Disease is the most fierce burning Carbuncle called Anthrax or the burning coale which happeneth his ubique namely in every part of mans body without order rule or controule within the body as well as without The second sign Anthrax and at the first appearance thereof if visible it doth appear commonly inflamed and hard and 〈◊〉 the middest thereof with a burning pain afflicting the sick like to burning fire yea and will sometimes blister even with the ardent Fervour thereof and in others The effcte of it it will itch very much which if it be scratched there will come forth a sharp reddish yellowish or sometimes a dusky coloured Ichor The description of it And to some again the paine is so fierce and great that the Patient will grow to to be mad with extremity thereof The description of it The shape or figure of this Disease is most commonly somewhat round and the colour uncertaine according to the predomination of the humour infected or infecting or sometimes it is pale though the party be in a feavour sometimes reddish sometmies black or purple or greenish and the two last colours are most feareful and this disease is seldome healed without so much losse of the musculous flesh and skin as it taketh first hold of in what part soever it happen except by sweating medicines in the beginning of the disease the fury thereof be changed but it is a very good signe of life when it separateth it selfe so that the Fever cease for the Carbuncle commeth seldome or never to suppuration as doth the Bubo But it will admit separation and come to a kind of unperfect digestion many times and after wil come to fall out as a gangrenated part doth where Nature is strong and it usually will separate and come away in one intire piece from the sound but if it grow black and separate not nor any circular digestion be and the Feaver abate not then it may befeared Death is at hand for little hope of recovery is in the Patient The danger of it And againe if it appeare greenish the party commonly dyeth also you shall see some Carbuncles smooth as glasse and of a blacke shining colour not unlike pitch with intollerable paine and the member whereon they are fixed will be ponderous and unwildy to move to and fro and seeming to the patient as if it were heavily overburthened or as though it suffered by hard ligature and I have seen Patients that have had Carbuncles within the body whereof one hath been within the stomach and some have it in their liver and ther principal parts but such live not many dayes I have taken out the whole eye from one by a Carbuncle seated therein who recovered and from another the halfe nose from another the halfe of the beard with also the lippe whereon it grew which of it selfe fell off by separation and from the third one of his testicles I mean one of his stones with the purse and all and that man was with the halfe of his Scrotum living at the writing hereof as in my other Treatise elsewhere is mentioned Thus much of the second principal signe or apparant Demonstration of the Plague namely the Carbuncle Of the Blaine The third signe a Pestilential Blain THe third manifest and demonstrative signe of this Disease is the Pestilential Blain whereof some infected have many and divers have not one and this Disease is a painful angry push somewhat like the small pock but yet in colour more red or The descripion of it cloudy seldome transparent as a small pock usually is but farre more paineful some have them somewhat lesse some bigger with a small head of an angry blew or reddish colour sometimes of a lead colour and somewhat hard or fleshy and as it were growing upon a large root or stool this Disease is found in every part of the body but this Blain seldome killeth or hindreth the cure of the diseased but it rather serves for a demonstrative sign of the Disease then otherwise and helpeth to breathe out the venome as I gather For if by vertue from above or of good Medicines or by strength of nature the feavour The cause of it be overcome the Blain dryeth away and requireth no other cure For as I conceive it only proceeds ex ebullitione Sanguinis Venenosi of the ebullition or boyling of venemous blood which being thrust out either by the immediate work of God or Art or Nature health easily followeth and the blains vanish unlesse by natures weaknesse or through the undue use or want of Phlebotomy or of purging medicines or for want of following the cure by Diaphoretick medicaments in season the venome be repelled from the supeâ—ficies to the centre as too oft in the cure of that disease it happeneth and in such a case eminent death is to be feared And so I conclude of the third notable sign the Blayn Of the Marks or spots commonly though neither properly nor alwaies truly called Gods Tokens The fourth sign Gods tokens The fourth apparent outward sign of the plague is the markes or spots appearing upon the skin usually called Gods tokens but not as being ever certain tokens of the pestilence and so of death to the patient as vulgarly they are taken to be by ignorant people Of the ignorantly mistaking them in their unexpert conjectures and opinions for that it is daily manifest many have spots of several formes and colours when venomous feavours reign and yet have not the Plague and again many have suspitious and fearful spots which the vulgar term Gods tokens and recover and live many yeares after my self have cured not a few in that kind that are now to Gods glory living these spots are upon some bodies like Flea-bitings in others larger in some again as big as a penny Of the several colours In some bodies there are very many and sometimes they are like freckles and they are most commonly found upon the breast and sometimes upon the back arms and legs of the patients they are in some of a colour blewish or of a sad red and some are like lead-colour and others purple some are of a pale-blew and these spots are ever without pain but the very appearance of any spots to any in the Plague cause sudden fear to the Patient which though the markes be insensible yet through sudden fear they produce faintings Their effects caused by fear swoundings trembling of the heart and death following thereupon although neither the Patient feel pain as is said neither alwayes the Artist can judge by reason he seeth just cause of sudden death to his Patient the reason being secret with God as inwardly afflicting maukind de Praescientia Dei namely of the fore-knowledge of God So much of the marks spots or tokens in some appearing in the Disease of
of Amputating or cutting off of putrid members in the mortified part I after considered with my self that I could not properly proceed therein except by the defining of a Gangrene in the first place because a Gangrene is ever the fore runner of a Sphacelus and the material cause of Amputation either in the general body of Man or in any the particular parts thereof and from the which no Animal creature no not Man himself can decline from Ab initio statutum est omnibus semel mori For from the beginning all men are constituted once to dye and yet there is an interim for each man of not being in health neither really dead but quafi moriens vel semi mortuus dying or half dying In the which iâ—terim or intermission of time a man may by an accident be said to be in such a distemper as he may be gangrenated or in a Gangrena as the Artist tearms it either in part or in all and yet by the permission of God and by the help of Art that supposed dying man or member of man may receive cure and be heaâ—d again although in mans judgment not well versed in the mystery of healing he be supposed to be at the gates of death Even so a Gangrene presaging a Sphacelus may in some cases be cured as daily experience sheweth that divers Gangrenes receive cure so that to conclude a man that hath a Gangrene in one or more parts of his body untill it be taken away that man is evâ—r as it were under the Shadow of Death Nam Mors sequitur ut umbra Death attendeth us as our shadow Thus much briefly by way of Preface touching the Gangrene A Treatise of Gangrena A Definition of a Gangrene and the several causes thereof A Gangrene in his progresse may justly be termed an effect destroying nature and therefore against nature it is a disease woful painful horrible and fearful to man-kind and justly so for that it often endeth in Sphacelus which is the destruction of the part affected if not of the whole body Causes The causes thereof are infinite for number but to speak in brief in one generall term for all how the dâ—sease commeth first to invade mâ—ns body it ever proceedeth ex intemperie which is of distemper ever by force invading nature this intemperies or distemper may be said generally two wayes to be taken either Externally or Internally Externally It may be tearmed external or from without as well when it proceedeth by externall violence of the ayr by thunder and lightning or otherwise by the mighty and immediate hand of God as it doth to many or by feavours violent contagious or pestilential as Anthrace the small Pox or the like whose secret causes with the reasons thereof are hidden in God and therefore â—y mans wisdome are not to be found out although some affirm the Conjunction or Opposition of the Planets have power or give cause hereunto according to the Poet Astra regunt homines sedregit Astra Dâ—us The Stars govern mans body and God governeth the starres or it proceedeth of outward violence namely sometime by mans hand his intention or invention as by great wounds whereof great hemorrage and so as by a just consequent a Gangerne followeth as also by a violent contusion given either by violence of weapons as by wounds made by Gun-shot Swords Speares knives c. And oftentimes by obstructions in the blood sometimes caused by stripes c. whereby fractures of bones distortions of joynts contusious inflammations Convulsions great and sudden fears and other distempers proceed among which great accidents Gangrena is to be feared will be one and not the least although it may be called one of the last and it may also happen by the fall of a house a tree any weighty thing yea by a tyle a stone by the bite of any venemous Beast of a Dog and innumerable other accidents according to Gods secret appointment or permission Nam Accidit in puncto quod non reparatur in anno That may happen in a moment that cannot be repaired in a year And further a distemper may fall out to be a disease of the similar parts deprived of their naturall and proper temperament this deprivation 1. What a distemper is Simple distemper Compound distemper is caused two wayes either by a simple distemper by reason of the excesse of one quality viz. of heat cold dry or moisture or by a compound distemper by reason of the extuberance or over bearing of the two qualities together hot and moist hot and dry cold and moist and cold and dry again a distemper is either a fault of the meer quality Phlogosis alone viz. an inflammation or it hath an adjuâ—ct fâ—ult of the humours as a Phlegmon again many times a Gangrene proceedeth Phlegmon from a surfeir or a distemper of fulnesse or inanition which may proceed Intemperies by starving or recessus of dew nutriment to satisfie nature A second definition of a Gangrene Second definition of the Gangrene A Gangrene is a beginning of putrefaction being a dreadful Symptome of a disease in any member of the body and sheweth it self for the most part by inflammation with great dolour the grieved How to know it part often appearing of a sad dusky reddish colour or livid though not alwaies and being for the most part tumifieed or swollen the pain being to the judgment of the Patient so intolerable as if there were a fire-coal burning therein or the like in effect and for that reason the German Writers call this by the violent heat of the disease the Heisbrant or the hot burning coal for in truth a Gangrene is of a burning sudden fierce destroying nature and therefore against nature being a disease dreadful to mankind as is said and justly so for that it menaceth to the part affected if not to the whole body eminent destruction yea death it self except speedy remedy by Gods mercy be at hand The causes of this disease as aforesaid are many for number whereof The causes of Gangrene I will set down but part viz. It may proceed either from great hemorrage mentioned that is exceeding effusion of blood and spirits or by a distemper of the four humours proceeding either by Repletion or Inanition Or by extream erosion or corrosion of caustick Medicines or corrosive humours By imbecillity of nature as by weaknesse of infants and old age by a venemous and poysoned blood as in contagious times and namely when the small Pox or Plague reigneth Small Pox or Plague may prâ—ducâ— Gangrena's causing sudden putrefaction of humours also it may proceed by great burnings and scaldings by over-much hunger and thirst by the pricking of a nerve or of nerves by a Feavour precedent by a Frost and also by extream cold by the bitings of venemous Beasts or Wormes or mad Dogs by want of good concoction or humours by obstructions of or from any
Succus Acatiae SUccus Acatiae is a forrein medicine for which we use the juice of Sloes it doth refrigerate binde and repell it stayeth all fluxes of the belly healeth excoriations of the intrals strengtheneth much the stomack helpeth appetite healeth ulcerations in the intrals either used in Glisters or eaten in agelly The dose whereof may safely be ℥ i. at one time or 2. ℥ cannot offend but I hold the infusion thereof or the decoction of it to be the aptest medicine because of the grossnesse of the sustance thereof Succus Glycirrhizae SUccus Glycirrhizae or juyce of Licorice in all his qualities is temperate but exceeding in heat somewhat it doth lenifie the throat and mitigate the asperities of the arteries cleanseth the bladder and is good for the cough moveth expectoration and is very profitable against all vices of the lungs and throat Succus Limonum SUccus Limonum or juyce of Limons expelling and refrigerating cleareth the skin of morphew killeth handworms and is of special use to bridle the heat of melancholy to help sharpe and contagious fevers is good to cause a pleasant tast in potions c. and Cordials It is very cordial of it self and the most precious help that ever was discovered against the Scurvy to be drunk at all times for it mightily openeth all obstructions and refresheth and restoreth nature Pulpa Tamarindorum PUlpa Tamarindorum the pulpe or juice of Tamarinds is a medicament excellent and well approved of against Scurvy as well for opening the obstructions of the liver and spleen as for comforting and refreshing the blood and spirits decayed or stopped Also it purgeth choler allayeth the heat and fury of blood cureth sharpe fevers and the Kings evil extinguisheth thirst and all heat of the stomack and liver stoppeth vomiting and is good for the Chollick Pilulae Aggregativae PIlulae Aggregativae so called either from the Agaricum or the aggregation of many vertues that are said to be therein for they are profitable for many affections of the head stomack and liver they purge flegme choler and melancholy and therefore are of very good use against continual fevers and inveterate diseases It is described by Mesues whose dose is from two scruples to a dram and a half But beware of the use of these pils where the flux raigneth for Agaricum in such bodies as are incident thereto is a dangerous medicine I speakthis of experience wherefore remember it Pilulae Aureae PIlulae Aureae or golden pils being in colour like aurum or gold because of the saffron in them they are cholagogall attracting choler yea and flegme too from the inferiour and superiour venter and therefore purge the head senses and eyes and restore the eye sight They were first made known by Nicolaus Myrepsus who was the first inventer of them their dose is like that of the pils Aggregative Pilulae Cochiae PIlulae Cochiae deriving their name from a Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a grain pils being formed small and round like grains of Cicers do purge both choler and flegme from the head the liver and from all other parts wherein such humours are contained and are found described first by Dr. Rhasis who is their supposed Author The dose is divers as before sometimes great sometimes small but ʒ i. is the ordinary dose Pilulae de Euporbio PIlulae de Euphorbio pils of Euphorbium receiving Mesues for their Patron are vertuous against the dropsie and Scurvy for they calefie the stomack and intrails purge water abundantly prevail also in removing the cause of tumours and bring aide for the pain of the loines and gout proceeding from too much humidity they are effectual in the quantity of one scruple or half a dram and may be mixed with Pilulae Cochiae Pilulae Cambogiae PIls of Cambogia are good to cleanse the head and refresh the sight to purge choler flegme or melancholy from the stomack or spleen they open obstructions and thereby profit well in the cure of the dropsie and scurvy and for the cure of Icteritia flava or the yellow Jaundise they are very good This Cambogia is much used in Holland and Germany and Doctor Harvey of St. Bartholomews Hospital calleth it purging saffron and giveth it in pils per se in which manner given it purgeth both wayes forcibly but the pils here mentioned purge onely downwards very gently their dose is ʒ ss their composition shall be mentioned in his due place Pilulae Ruffi PIlulae Ruffi or Pestilentiales Ruffi subscribing to Ruffus their inventer a famous Physition and fitting for the pestilence and plague do rather prevent infection then cure the infected for by reason of the aloes the body is freed from excrements by myrrha from putrefaction and by Saffron the vital faculties are quickned but infection once possessed is not alwayes by such light cordials and gentle laxatives removed their dose agreeth with that of Pilulae Aureae they are very stomachal for they refresh much the stomack and in any oppressions of the stomack where gentle purging is required they excell Benedicta laxativa BEnedicta laxativa or the blessed laxative doth mightily open obstructions purgeth choler flegme and all clammy humours from the joynts reins and bladder and is termed Benedicta because it benignely looseth the belly The dose is ʒ ii Pulvis Arthriticus Paracelsi THis is a laxative powder made onely of four vegetables and one Animal simplex with the addition of sugar to give it the more grateful tast the dose is to ʒ i. at the utmost besides the sugar I can speak of the pleasure and profit I have had by this mean purging powder I say pleasure for that it is so pleasant and easie to be taken and profit to me many wayes for it is my general purging medicine when I would purge downwards upon any repletion of the body or general cause of evacuation downwards and I find it indifferent in purging any offending humour according to the commendations the Author giveth of it I can no more misse this plain and harmlesse ready purge then I can misse my Salvatory Oswaldus Crollius a most learned late Writer hath set down this onely purge for the cure of the Podagra giving it this breif commendation It purgeth safely and gently all podagrical defluctions and in truth whosoever shall have occasion of the use thereof will have cause to commend it and knowing it will find small need of Pulvis Hollandicus or Pulvis sanctus whose dose at sea must be at the least two drames being nauseous and unsavoury whereas ʒ ss of this will do as much with great facility and without tortions or gripings of the guts which other compositions cause I use to give it to strong bodies in white wine to weaker in sack but at sea for a need it may be given in fair water and some sirupe to help the tast thereof which neverethelesse is not ungrateful of it self Trochiscus de Absinthio TRochiscus de Absinthio or of
Argentum vivum It is of two kinds either natural which few know or artificial and then it is compounded of Quick-silver and Brimstone and so is that we buy in the shops Flores Anthos FLores Anthos or Rosemary flowers are hot and dry in the second degree comfort the brain heart and memory and other senses amend the speech help digestion mollifie cleanse and cut away flegme Flores Balaustiarum FLores Balaustiarum or flowers of Pomgranats are cold and dry in the third degree they are also astringent close up and stop they cure the bloody flix bleeding of green wounds they are good in lotions for moist and weak gums kill worms and fasten loose teeth Rosae rubrae ROse rubrae or Red-roses are cold and dry in the first degree refrigerate and are astringent they purge cholerick humours downward open strengthen and cleanse the liver from obstructions comfort the head stomack and heart help against consumptions and inflammations cause sleep and stop spitting of blood Flores chamomillae FLores chamomillae Camomile flowers are hot and dry in the first degree provoke the monthly termes and urine are good against windinesse the collick gravel stone aches fevers proceeding from obstructions cure wearied parts also they open loose mollifie the hard-swollen and stopt parts of the intrails Flores Melliloti FLores Milliloti or flowers of Mellilote are of a dry and hot quality digest consume dissolve and maturate prevail against all hot swellings provoke urine break the stone asswage the pain of the kidnies bladder and belly ripen flegm and clear the eye-sight Flores Centaurii FLores Centaurii or flowers of Centory are of a hot and dry complexion in the second degree purge choler and grosse humours downward open the obstructions of the liver kill worms cause the course of flowers are good against the Jaundice hardnesse of the spleen griefs of the sinewes clear the eyes heal wounds and drive forth young fruit Flores Hyperici FLores Hyperici or flowers of Saint Johns wort are hot and dry in the third degree break the stone provoke urine bring down womens flowers stop the laske drive away fevers are good for burnings and cure old and fistulated sores Flores Sambuci FLores Sambuci or flowers of Elders are hot and dry in the third degree open the belly purge slimy slegme and cholerick humours and are good for hot swellings and tumours and for the asswaging the pain of the gout Baccae Juniperi BAccae Juniperi or Juniper berries are hot in the third degree dry in the first and astringent are good for the stomack cough windinesse gripings of the belly venomous bitings infection contagion of the aire help the lungs liver kidnies and bladder and provoke urine Baccae Lauri BAccae Lauri or Bay-berries are hot and dry in the second degree they resist poyson help deafnesse contracted and wearied parts and the pain of the breast cut of flegme and take away the scurfe Farina Tritici FArina Tritici or Wheat flower is hot in the first degree stoppeth spitting of blood distillations of subtill humours helpeth the cough roughnesse of the sharp artery dissolveth tumours and cleanseth the face from lentils and spots appeaseth hunger and thirst and is the principal natural upholder of the life and health of man Farina Fabarum FArina fabarum or Bean meal is cold and moist dissolveth all swellings is very good for ulcers evils and blastings of the genitories and taketh away inflammations of womens paps Farina Hordei FArina Hordeacea or Barly meal is cold and dry in the first degree dissolveth hot and cold tumours digesteth softeneth and ripeneth hard swellings stoppeth the laske and humours falling into the joynts discusseth wind is good against the scurfe and leprofie and allaieth the inflammations of the Gouts Furfur Tritici FUrfur or Wheat bran is good against the scurfe itch and spreading scab dissolveth the beginnings of hot swellings doth slake and swage the hard swellings of womens breasts and the decoction thereof is singular good to cure the painful exulcerations in the intrails given by glisters as is montioned in the cure of Dysenteria Farina Volatilis FArina volatilis or Mill dust is used in compositions to stay fluxes of bleeding wounds Rosemary ROsemary is hot and dry in the second degree cureth the Jaundice and the Regius morbus or Kings-evil comforteth the brain memory and inward senses and restoreth the speech lost or broken Menthae MEnthae or Mints are hot and dry do profit the stomack appease the hickok stop vomiting cure chollerick passions griping pain of the belly and the inordinate course of menstruall issue ease women in their travel of child-bearing soften breasts swolne with milk and keep the milk from curdding therein Millilotus MEllilotus or Mellilote is hot and astringent it doth asswage and mollifie hot swellings of the eyes matrix fundament and genitories healeth the scurfe and putrified ulcers dissolveth apostumes of the stomack is good for the head-ach provoketh urine breaketh the stone helpeth the pain of the kidnies bladder and belly and taketh away the webbe and pearle of the eye Salvia SAlvia or Sage is hot and dry in the third degree and somewhat astringent stoppeth the bleeding of wounds and bloody flix openeth the stoppings of the liver cureth the cough breaketh the stone provoketh urine comforteth the heart asswageth the head-ach and pain in the side Thymum THymum or Thyme is hot and dry in the third degree is good to cleanse the breast ripen flgme and for the Asthma purgeth cholerick humours corrupt blood bringeth to women their natural terms expelleth the secondine provoke urine discusseth wind extenuateth cold swellings and helpeth the cure of the falling sicknesse Absinthium ABsinthium or Wormwood is hot in the first degree and dry in the third it is bitter sharp and astringent cleansing purging and comforting excellent to purge the stomack liver and reins from the cholerick humours and to stay the weak stomack from vomiting cureth the Jaundice resisteth pestilent infection helpeth the dropsie and splenetick and killeth worms in the body Carduus benedictus CArduus benedictus or the blessed Thistle is very bitter and hot comforteth the heart and vital parts moveth sweat resisteth poyson is of much use in pestilent diseases mitigateth the pain of the reins and sides killeth the worms of the belly and prevaileth against bitings of Serpents Melissa MElissa or Balm this herb is hot in the second and dry in the first degree doth bring down womens termes helpeth against venomâ— of scorpions spiders and dogs comforteth the head increaseth the memory and refresheth the vital faculties Sabina SAbina or Savin is hot and dry in the third degree provoketh urine with blood moveth the flowers driveth forth the secondine living and dead birth cureth ulcers and eating sores aud cleanseth the skin of lentils Radices Altheae RAdix altheae or Hollihock roots are hot and dry in the first degree they are profitable for the gravel stone bloody flix tooth-ach Sciatica and cough they cure new wounds
slaughter-houses of Beasts dead carkasses of men as in time of Warre and of stincking fish fowl or any thing that hath contained life and is putrid as also more particularly in great Cities as in London the unclean keeping of houses Lanes Allies and streets from those recited and the like infectious venemous vapors by warmth of the Sun exhaled are apt and able to infect the living bodies of men and thereby to produce the Plague which once produced is too apt by infection to spread it selfe The corruption of the Ayre a cause and become popular as experiene too much sheweth and as by corrupt meats and drinkes mens bodies are corrupted and infected even so by corrupt ayre as I have said which we can no way avoid to draw into the secretest parts of our bodies the spirits are likewise infected and poysoned to the production both of sicknesse and death if God be not the more merciful unto us for where the disease once beginneth there are many unhappy evils incident as causes conducing to Want of food a cause the increase thereof besides Vapors and one not of the least is it bringeth scarcity of food with it and that brings emptinesse of the belly and where emptinesse is there evill aire is not wanting and that aboundeth too much with the poorer sort and also where food is wanting all kinds of food how infectious or pernitious soever is used in necessity namely all raw fruits as plums peaches yea musty Corn and many things of far wilder condition and so by consequent lack of food is a great cause of the increase of the Plague so that in the Vâ—wholsome food a cause sicknesse time it is by experience dayly found that far more of the poorer fort usually have dyed then of the richer for where emptinesse and unwholsome food is in use as is repeated there the corrupt ayre doth the most harme And likewise genreally observe that where war is for the most part there is famine and those two conclude to make up a third evill namely the pestilence which God be praised we have bin long freed from the two first Thus much in brief of the Terrestrial causes of the Plague Of the precedent and accidentall signes of the Plague The precedent and accidential fignes notable in the Disease of the Plague are various and uncertaine because in truth they are seldome in any one person as in another but to speak as of the most general first appearance of the Plague it beginneth cold and with pain in the head and stomach and sometimes in the backe and if so then it is commonly taken for an Ague and therefore at first little feared Again some begin to complain of pain in the backe and such kinds of beginning are more generally hopeful of healing then when it beginneth hot in my opinion in some also it beginneth hot with pain and giddinesse of the head and pain in the stomach others at the first stroak or touch find a general discouragement and weaknesse over all the whole body others at the first being taken in the head their senses are stupified and dulled in others it beginneth with a raging and fierce fevour so that their countenance is changed their speech fayling or fainting their eyes strangely turning to and fro in a feareful manner Again others complaine of an extraordinary pain with extreame heat inward in the stomach and intrals when the outward parts are chil and cold and ready to shake again some in the beginning complain of great thirst others complain of shortnesse of breath and paine in breathing others swelling and sorenesse of their throats which being sought into no cause appeareth Others have the Almonds or Glandules of their throat much swelled and inflamed Also many are taken with great defire to sleep and with frequent yawnings and it is unsafe in my judgment to permit such to sleep before a Diaphoretick or sweating Medicine have by the patient bin taken and that it hath breathed out some of the venemous vapours by sweat with keeping them waking till the medicine have wrought his effect Others are subject to great watchfulnesse and commonly those are in their slumbers oppressed with grievous and fearful dreames and fantasies Others it beginneth with sweatings with pain of the back and a stinking of the breath and such are ever of very doubtful cure and in my opinion such have inward Carbuncles Others have swellings in the brest some also have losse of appetite evill digestion and faintnesse and some are troubled with deep hickcoks and hollow belchings Others from the beginning to the end of their sicknesse and till death have neither swelling sores nor spots also upon some at first there appeare diverse spots of a duskish colour their countenance of an unequal aspect the one cheek red the other pale Others with sweat drops on their noses a fierce countenance with grinding of the teeth And to be briefe touching signes and accidents in this most feareful disease I perswade my selfe that no man can speak of any No symptome of any disease but is incident to the infected of the Plague terrible symptome signe or indication of any disease whatsoever that hath befallen any man but that the like hath been seen and observed in some one person or more sick of the Plague for the fiercenesse thereof in some persons forceth Hemorrhage both from the greater and lesser veines and some it afflicteth with a Dissenteria Diarraea Lienteria all these from the belly and from the head it produceth Apoplexia Paralysis Lythergi Vertigo Mania with diverse other symptomes also from the throat Squinancia Angina c. Also obstructions of the bowels retention of Urine Colica and Iliaca Passio Singultus Gangrena Convulsions Contractions of Nerves and what not this fierce disease produceth to devoure poore mankind by and surely for that cause I am perswaded it is vulgarly called the sicknesse as comprehending and including all other sicknesse in it selfe Accidental signes which in this disease commonly presage death to the partie are these that follow Signes that presage death Namely when the Patient is possessed with sounding and faintings with cold and clammie sweats often changing of the countenance vomiting of slimie sharp and ill-coloured flegme either greenish yellowish blackish or bloud-coloured sanies or avoiding of Excrements disordered and discoloured either fattie blackish unctious or unnaturally stinking Convulsions Contractions of the Nerves graveling and pidling with the fingers plucking up the Bed-clothes a sudden flux of the belly of stinking matter of rustie or greenish colour a sudden going back of an Apostume Carbuncle or Bubo also when the Patient is insensible of the departure of his Urine and Excrements And yet to Gods glory I here affirme that notwithstanding the aforesaid signes or some one of them I have seene I say some one or more of the afore-named symptomes appear and that the sicke hath even in mans judgment bin as at the point of
the principall members of the body as the Heart Brain or Liver causing Convulsions Palsies Dropsies Scorbutes or the like which oft-times termine in Gangrena and after a further time they conclude in Sphacelus Also Gangrenes proceed by great incâ—sed wounds and namely amongst other wounds contused wounds chiefly I mean those of Gunshot also sometimes by fractures and dislocations also by Fistulaes and inveterate Ulcers by unreasonable stripes as with a Buls Pisle or a thong cut from an Elephants skin much used for correction in Poland Hungary and the Turkish Dominions finally from all interceptions intersections or interruptions of the spirits what or wheresoever may produce a Gangrena De Gangrena A third Definition gathered from learned Authours The third Definition of Gangrena A Gangrene is a partial mortification of a member commonly by reason of a phlegmon it may be said to be partial in that the part affected so long as the member is not throughly dead but hath in it self still a sense and feeling of pain and therefore not altogether desperate although yet it be tending to mortification and so unlesse there be some sudden help in the staying thereof it will soon turn to a total and perfect mortification after which it may no more be tearmed a Gangrene but is called of the Grecians Sphacelus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because of the extinction of Sphacelus the natural heat therein and of the Latines it is called Sideratio Sideratio a totall and perfect putrefaction and moreover of the later Writers Esthiomenon in that it is so sudden piercing and penetrating unto Esthiomenon the bone and doth as it were overcome the whole man so as again it may be concluded that the difference between a Gangrene and Sphacelus as is said is a Gangrene is truly tearmed an unperfect Dif in Gang. Sphacel mortification in the fleshy parts onely but Sphacelus is a perfect and total privation of sense being a mortification not only of the fleshy parts but also of the nervous parts even unto the very bone yea and of the bone it self also The causes of a Gangrene Causx Gangr by some learned Writers are reduced to three the first is when as a member cannot receive the vital spirits proper or natural due to it from the heart by the Arteries by reason of a dissolution in the mixture or harmony of the member caused externally by extreame frigidity as sometimes it chanceth to be in a very cold and sharp Winter also by the inconsiderate and too too immoderate and rash refrigeration of a Phlegmon as also extreame calidity as by scalding Liquor or through some poysonous disposition in nature invested in the parts affected all or any of which do or may sufficiently extinguish the natural heat thereof if wholesome remedies in time be not applyed a Gangrene may justly be expected to follow Another cause is when as the vitall spirits in any member are obstructed suffocated and finally extinguished by reason of some obdurate schirrous hardnesse and constipation of the Veines arteries or pores of the skin as in venemous or pestilential Apostumes or Carbuncles is often seen so that little or none of the venemous matter conteined in the Apostume or venemous tumour can be digested or receive discussion nor be brought to suppuration by apt Medicines whereby Nature being above her strength oppressed and Art not sufficiently succouring a Gangrene is produced Another cause may be by extreame strong ligature through the indiscretion of unworthily termed Artists or of unexpert Artists as too often is manifest and sometimes by compressions or other interceptions of blood or spirits by which the vital spirits should be transported to the member grieved The signes of a Gangrene are these an extinction of the lively Sign of Gangr colour which was in the precedent Phlegmon grievous pain and continual pulsation in the diseased part apparent by the Arteries being at the first very sensible but afterwards declining their due force the part agrieved seeming for the most part in colour to be blackish blewish or of a duskie or livid colour yea sometime putrid and being opened a filthy Ichor and of an unsavoury smell proceeding from it Thus much of the signs Of the Cure of Gangrena Cure TO the performance of the cure of this disease there must be first a due consideration had of the cause Secondly of the part affected Thirdly of the fitting apt remedies for the Cure and how to proceed in the curing that disease and of the Symptomes thereof and lastly of the removing the cause which if that may be effected health doubtlesse will follow according to that Axiome of the Philosopher Ablaâ—a causa tollitur effectus but that must be expected in his due time in which there must be first considered What to be considered in the cure of a Gangrene Diet to be used for a Gangrene whether the disease proceed of repletion and if so then a general evacuation with a cooling and spare dyet must be prescribed the Patient Viz. Water with the milk of Almonds and thin brothes with cooling herbs as Lactuca Spinachia Portulaca Sorrâ—l or the like as also advising with the learned Physician where time and place serveth Barley waters also are good and the sick must be forbidden all wine and strong drink and must be contented with posset-drink Barley water and small Beer it were also fitting that there were prescribed to the patient some preparative medicaments as these Syrup Acetos Preparatives necessaâ—y Simp. Syrup Endiviae Syrup Citri Violar any of these mixed with waters as may be convenient in such a disease and after these preparatives may be used such purgatives as may purge and cleanse the blood viz. Confect Hamech Caria costrirum Diacatholicon Cassia fistula or some one of them being according to Art performed Phlebotomy usefull And if you perceive further occasion you may reiterate the use of any of them and further you may not omit the use of Phlebotomy scarrification and application of Ventoses Leeches or Vesicatories upon or nigh the part affected and according to the Patient his strength let him blood moderately and observe that in scarrification regard is to be had concerning the gangrenated part whether it penetrate or be superficial and so accordingly is scarrification to be used as for the application of Leeches it may be done upon any part thereto adjoyning or upon the part affected it self and further note that if a Gangrene follow a contusion for the most part it proceeds either by the vehemency of the contusion whereby eruption of the capillar veins yea and the larger veins also blood is forced into the Muscles confusedly as by the Echymosis may appear of the evil disposition of the Patient or it may also proceed for want of a Surgeon to apply fit and artificial applications in due time not seldome under favour by over-hard ligature But if the Gangrene appear to have
the facility thereof and for the saving of blood and spirits I have thought fit to commend to your consideration this new method as to the discretion of the Artist shall be esteemed fit Also I have observed that in surfeited delicate bodies of great personages such as are over-pomper'd with pleasure ease and fulnesse if by any way or accidents such happen to have a Gangrene seldome one of them escapeth death especially if they be ancient and have the dropsie or Scorbute and on the contrary amongst those which are weak poor indigent and miserable people which have bin by long continued ulcers fistulaes or other grievous maladies spent to extream weaknesse although seeming half dead before the work begin scarce two of ten dye amongst them upon amputation if the work be judiciously and in a fit way and time performed for I by practice have often observed that where an infirmity hath pulled down a Patient low and almost past hope of recovery especially if the disease proceeded by any outward violence that such bodies have bin by my experience found to be generally most hopeful of recovery either by amputation in the one or the other kind as the occasion will most fittest bear and on the contrary persons that are to be dismembred in full strength if it be to be acted in the sound part bear a far greater venture of their lives then the miserable dejected wretches do as aforesaid except it can be effected in the putrid part And one observation more to be by all men had in regard namely that our God in Naturehath created in mans body such a strong antipathie betwixt the living and the dead parts thereof that when by any violence in Nature either by distemperature from within testified by Feavours Pestilential or others or by the outward violence of Engines of Warre or other incident mischances as by Fractures Contusions c. whereby one part or limb of mans body becommeth sphacelated and dead before the other it is manifest that the living parts do as it were either in fear or disdain of the dead parts or for some other secret cause in Nature though not without great pain and grief notably withdraw themselves each from the other as in disdain leaving neither warmth not at all any comfort motion nor sense either by blood or spirits or ought else moving in the dead Veines Nerves nor Arteries neither any sense in the Periostcon that sensible Panicle that covereth the bones but as by a comparison of a Snail may in part be explained they wholly withdraw themselves for the Snail having by the vertue of natural warmth stretched her self out of her shell either for her necessity nourishment or delight in a moment apprehending cold or danger retyres into her shell and with all her force by her own slime shuts her self close up again and so rests her self in a supposed safety with her no doubt content even so all the living instruments faculties or vessels of Nature as in a nauseous disdain contempt or fear of the dead parts forsake the sphacelated parts and leave them utterly desperate and impotent and by vertue of the Radical Balsam of Nature contracts and shrowds her relict living parts as Artists may judge by the mortified toes of children but much the better where Art is at hand to aid Nature so that thereby the dead parts become as a noysome and heavy burthen to the living parts so as if you wound the sphacelated part it is not onely senselesse but also it is without blood or spirits at all neither doth blood or humours run any more nor so much as move in the sphacelated or putrid Veines at all and whilest lively Nature is as aforesaid shutting her dead enemy out of her living doores by stopping up all the breaches that she may hold the relict of her own if animal Art have not the charity to take her dead enemy from her yet vital agility assisted by natural motion and will in his due time doth efficiate what fairly can be expected for the assisting of Nature and supplying all defects proceeding ex intemperie all which excellent offices in Nature no question proceed de praesciencia Dei Here followeth a brief relation of amputation or of dismembring in general but more particularly being for the taking off of members in the rotten or mortified places which haâ—h in many cases been approved by the Authour thereof by his own long experience FOr brevity sake in this place I will not spend time to write of the general diseases causes or reasons that might urge the amputation of any member having elsewhere written somewhat thereof onely my intent for the present is to aquaint the younger sort with my long experienced practice for the manner of dismembring in a mortified part where just cause is offered having undertakeen it meerly for the publique good by informing the younger sort of Surgeons as well for their incouragements in the safe and warrantable putting in practice my pactical Method therein as also to shew and fore warn them from being over-much mis-led in the insisting upon old errours and traditions of their Masters Patrons and Predecessours too punctually As for example A Chirurgical â—ase put betwixt two Surgeons Suppose the younger Surgeon in consultation with his Friend or Brother Surgeon by way of asking advice should put the case and say I have a Patient that hath the toes of his feet putrefied fistulated and many wayes perforated with foul bones therein so that it is unsound even almost to the joynts of the ankle or the like and I have endeavoured by Art and with advice the best I can to heal him and cannot prevail in the Cure Wherefore since the toes of the foot cannot be cured the rest of the foot as unprofitable were as I suppose best to be taken away and no lesse of the legge also for it will be but a hinderance to the Patient considering that he cannot stand thereon and is full of grievous pain I will therefore conclude according to custome to take all off a little below the Gartering place leaving a fit room for the stilt to rest the body upon The which his said friend admitteth of as good practice and so he proceedeth to the work as being a rational and fair course and warrantable If the rest of his suggestion or indications be answerable The Chirurgical case answered and admitted unto the aforesaid allegation the work is doubtlesse good and so I my self would heretofore have done untill my practice taught me better things but now by my own practice which I much rather would ground on then upon ipse dixit I take a shorter course For if the bones of the toes of the feet onely were foul fistulated c. as is suggested yea and therefore incurable for so stands the suggestion as being so by reason of some great contusion wound or ulcer or otherwise as aforesaid with divers fragments of foul bones in them or the
Tinder-box furnished Inke and quils 1 Close stool 1 Bed stoole and a brasse paile Bricks to heat upon occasion Pipkins Empty bags Skins of lether The particulars of such Emplaisters as are most common in use by Sea-Surgeons Emplastrum Stipt Paracelfi Diachilum cum gummis Diachilum simplex Diacalcitheos Oxicrocium Mellilotum pro splene Mellilotum simplex De lapide Calaminari De Minio Calidum or spiced plaster Unguents most in use in the Surgeons Chest Vnguentum Basilicon Apostolorum Aureum Aegyptiacuâ— Album Camphoratum Diapompholigos Pectorale Rosarum Nutritum Populeon De Melle Sapo Contraignem Contra Scorbutuns Dialthea composita Dialthea simplex Potabile Mercurii Linamentum arcei Aragon Martiatum Axungiae porcinae Axungiae Cervi Mel simplex Waters or liquors fitting a Surgeons Chest Aqua Composita ex spiritu vini Coelestis D. Stevens Rosa solis Cinamon Limoniorum Rosemary Sassafras Anniseed Absinthii Mellissae Angelicae Minthae Cardui sancti Theriacalis Rosae Damaski Rosa Rub. Odoriferae Plantaginis Simple Falopii Viridis Aqua fortis Lotion Compounded Lixivium forte Commune Acetum Rosarum Acetum Vini Verjuice Spiritus Vini Vitrioli Terebinthinae Caustick liquid Sal Absinthii Gemmae Nitrae Lapidis infernalis Oleum Rosarum Anethinum Chamomell Lumbricorum Liliorum Hipericonis simplex Hipericonis cum gummis Balmi Artificialis Sambucorum Ol. Lini Ovorum Laurini Absinthii Papaveris Petroleum Scorpionis Amigdalarum dul Amigda amara Balsami naturalis Chymicall Oyles Vitrioli Sulphuris per campanum Gariophilorum Cinamome Maci. Philosophorum Aâ—nisae Terebinthae Juniperri Spic Antimonii Succini Absinthii Origani Syrups Syrrupus Absinthii Limoniorum Papaveris Cinamomi Rosarum simplex Solutium Violarum Oximell simplex Mel Rosarum Diamorum Raphanae silvest Prunellorum Conserva Rosarum Anthos Berberorum Citoniorum Luiulae Prunellorum Electuariae Extract catholicon purgance Extract rudii Diacatholicon Diaphenicon Diaprunum Conf. Hameck De succo â—â—â—â—rum Diatrion piperion Theriacei Londini Conf. Alkermes De Ovo Mithridatum damo The. Andromace The. Diatessaron Diaphoreticon Aurum vitae Opiats Laudanum Paracelsi Diascordium Diacodium Philomum Romanum Persicum Tarsensi Aurie Alexandrine Succus Absinthae Acatie Licorice Limoni Pulpa Tamarindarum Pil. Agaricum Aurea Chochiae De Euphorbio De Cambogia Ruffiâ— Pulvis laxativus Sanctus Arthreticus Trochiscus Absinthia Alhandall De Spodio De Minio Simples Foliorum sena Rhabarbarae Agaricum Scamoniae Aloes Hermodactilis Polipodium Dens Elephantis Corâ—u cervi Euphorbii Turbith Mirabulanor um Cambogia Cassia fistulae Certain other Simples Crocus Opium Chinae Sarssaparillae Sassafras Guaicum Cortex guaiacae Cortex granatorum Licorice Hordia com Hordia gallic Scmen anisae Feniculi dulces Geniculi comun Carraway Cumini Petrocelini Lini Fenigrece Anethae Papaveris Plantaginis Sem. quatuor frigid Majoris Minoris Saccarum Amigdalarum Uva passa Amillum Spices viz. Cinamomium Macis Piper Cloves Nuces Muscatae Gummes Guaicum Opoponax Bdellium Amoniacum Sagapenum Galbanum Myrrha Masticbe Laudanum Storaxcalaminthae Liquida Beniamen Tragagantum Pix navalis Resina Succinum Other needfull Simples of divers kinds Cera citrina Mummia Sperma ceti Sanguis Draconis Lupinis Cantharides Camphora Spodium Sumech Galls Bolus vera Bolus communis Minerals Antimonium Stibium Sulphur Alumen rochae ustum Vitriolum commune Vitriolum album Vitriolum ustum Lapis prunellae Cerusa venetiae Lythargyrum auri Viride aes Tutia Bacci Juniperi Lauri Ferina Tritici Fabarum Hordei Furfuris Volatilis Ammille Herbs most fit to be carried Herbae Rosmariâ—us Majoranus Mentha Melilotum Salvia Thymum Absinthium Carduus Benedictus Mellissa Sabina Scordium Radices Althea Raphani silvestres Peritrum Angelica Consolida Album Grecum If the Surgeons Mate cannot trimme men then by due consequence there is to be a Barber to the Ships Companie and he ought not to be wanting of these following necessaries One Barbours ease containing Rasours foure Scissers two pair Combes three Comb-brush one Earepicker one Curling instruments Turning instruments and spunges Mullet one Gravers two Flegme one Paring knives two Loaking glasse one Aprons three Shaving towels twelve Water-pot one Sweet water one Washing bals lesse or more Hone one Whet-stone one Basons two And what else is necessarie to the Barbers profession as the expert Barber better knoweth Certain brief remembrances touching the particular instruments for the Surgeons Chest and the uses of the same And first of the Incision knife THe uses of the Incision knife are many namely to enter the cutis or skin upon very just cause wherein Great care be had in Incision I advise the Surgeons Mate not to be too forward or too rash but to take good advice namely if the Patient may by any better way receive health that he forbear incision if not let him proceed in the name of God But note well that this instrument is far lesse used amongst discreet Artists of our time Incision by caustick medicines then it was in former ages for it was ever accustomed to be at hand for the opening of any Apostume suppurated many of which now are farre more conveniently done by caustick medicines For in truth it is a grosse errour in the Surgeon and painfull to the Patient ordinarily as some do to open Tumors by incision and put tents into Tumors not to be Incised Evils attending Tumors Iâ—c sed the orifice by which occasion in short time the Artist is enforced either to new incision or to dilate the orifice with a Spunge or Elder or Gentian roots thereby also including the peccant matter within the apostumated part from one opening to another which ought to have continuall passage whereas the caustick medicine saveth all that labour with great honour to the Artist and no small profit and convenience to the diseased But as touching smal apostumes in the mouth Apostumes in the mouth to be Incised rather with a Launcet then with a knife throat and gums incision is best in which case I hold a fine launcet is most comely and much fitter then a larger incision knife and note that in all incisions whatsoever are to be made in any part of the body it behoveth the Surgeon to regard if he incise deep that he do it as near as he can according to the length of the Muscles and also it is commendable in an artist to be very carefull to hide his sharp instruments as much as is possible from the sight of the Patient for many Cautions in Incision to be observed reasons too long to recite Onely in conclusion note that it is very Two Incision knives needful fit and needfull for the Surgeon to have at the least two incision knives one greater one lesse and that he keep them sharp and clean but let them not be so thin ground in the edge as the Rasour for then they will deceive the workman when he hath most use of them Thus much at this time of the incision knife Of the dismembring knife
it is of temperament hot and dry it was devised by Avicen named Apostolorum for that it consisteth of twelve several ingredients joyned into one body Vnguentum Aureum THis unguent serveth well to incarn wounds and ulcers being first well mundified it is also to be used as a balm to them to heal them and is a good healer of burnings and scaldings the fire first taken out The composition which I do make is of the practice of Josephus Querâ—itanus whose good use I have made trial of Vnguentum Egyptiacum THis unguent serveth to scowre it mundifieth all rotten foul ulcers and is best to be put into the grief scalding hot for then the usual pain and corrosion it procureth will be quickly past in like manner it is to be used in any venemous wounds made either with poysoned shot or bitten with mad dogs or any other venemous creature or great contused wounds wherein for preventing them from fear of a Gangreen it excelleth It serveth also well to be used alone or mixed with any lotion for ulcers of the mouth and throat especially in the scurvie This unguent drieth vehemently and is abstersive it is of temperament hot and dry and was devised by Mesues Vnguentum album Camphoratum THis unguent is very good to cool and heal any hot moist pustles it cureth excoriations of the skin in any place but chiefly in the yard betwixt glans and praeputium it also healeth burnings and scaldings very well and is good to be applyed to any painfull ulcer for it asswageth pain and healeth well It was invented by Avicen it is of temperament cold anodine mollificative and attractive and therefore of very good consequence in the Surgeons Chest Vnguentum Diapompholigos THis unguent is good to heal painful ulcers in any part of the body especially of the yard or betwixt glans and praeputium as also any fretting or painful ulcers of the leggs or elsewhere I have found it good before all other unguents in ulcers of the yard indeed against virulent painfull and corrosive ulcers scarce a better composition is known in Noli me tangere in the face I have had good experience of it and in many other occasions I have found it a very useful unguent of temperament it is cold and dry Nicolaus Alexandrinus was the Author of it Vnguentum Pectorale IT swageth the pains and stitches of the breast and sides easeth the cough helpeth expectoration as also to digest grosse humours and to attenuate them it warmeth and comforteth a cold stomack This composition is set down in the Dispensatory of Augustanus Vnguentum Rosatum THis is used against inflammations Ignem sacrum and all hot pains of the head it asswageth the pains of the liver kidnies and belly proceeding of heat and hath vertue to corroborate It was invented by Mesues Vnguentum Tripharmacon or Nutritum THis serveth well to cure an Erysipilas excoriation or bladderings of the skin such also as are termed the Shingles it is also good for to take the fire out of burnings and scaldings and for any moist humour flowing to any ulcers in any part of the body being spread upon cap-paper thin and laid over the whole distempered part also against any sleight scabbinesse or itching humour whence soever it is it â—â—â—an especial good defensative against any scalding or vicious humour flowing to any ulcer Of temperament this unguent is cold and dry it is subject to divide it self namely the Oyl Litharge and Vinegar asunder which if it be wrought together again will be as good as at the first and if it be over dry add vinegar and oyl thereto and it will be as good as ever Unguentum Populeum THis serveth well to asswage the pains of the Sourvy by anointing the parts grieved there with I may justly say upon the experience of divers skilful Surgeons and my own also that as well in hot as in cold countries it hath been found so exceeding comfortable and behoveful that scarce any composition of an Unguent in the Surgeons Chest may compare with it which some may think is a very absurd affirmation in reason but that experience will have it so It is good also to annoint the Temples to provoke rest in hot fevers as also the palms of the hands and soles of the feet It is likewise good to be applyed for swaging of pain in any part of the body and being applyed cold upon a Plegent where you have laid any corrosive it easeth the dolour of the caustick medicine Of temperament it is cold and moist it was devised by Nicolaus Mel Saponis MEl Saponis is honey and sope mixed ana partes aequales and is a medicine appointed to be first applyed upon a burning or scalding to take the fire out It is a linament of ancient use amongst our countrey Surgeons and good but I find it not mentioned in ancient Writers in want whereof use Tripharmacon or an infusion of Vinegar and Litharge namely â„ž Litharge of gold in powder â„¥ 4. wine Vinegar lib i. mix them well and boil them very gently a little on the fire and the Vinegar will become sweet as sugar and very anodine foment the grief therewith and you shall find present ease to the party Or take Populeum and unguentum album mixed and apply it on soft cap-paper first being well rubbed with your hand to make it so or take Diacalcithios or Minium plaster and mix it with Linseed-oyl or oyl of Elders till it be a gentle unguent and so apply it or Tripharmacon alone will do well also Honey alone is a good medicine Unguentum contra ignem THis composition used that purpose you shall find in Johannâ—s Weckerus his Dispensatory pag. 1174. I have found it very good against burnings and scaldings as also against burnings with Gunpowder Where I write the compositions of my medicines in general that also shall be expressed In want of this composition the Vng. album either alone or mixed with Tripharmacon will do very well which if it be too hard or dry you may mix oyl of Roses or Linseed with it and for want of this you may take Diacalcithios or Minium mixed or relented with any of the said oyles or any other fitting oyl as oyl olive simple also unguentum Basilicon is very good in burnings and scaldings Unguentum contra scorbutum THe composition of this Unguent is recited in the cure of the Scurvy I have had the practice thereof and found it very good to attenuate grosse tumors of the Scurvy to asswge the pains of them and by the use thereof to dissolve such tumors I use this Unguent in cold causes and in want thereof ung Martiatum or Oleum Laurini or Dialthea but in hot griefs and very painful I use Populeum Unguentum Dialthea compositum THis Unguent Nicolas an ancient writer seemeth to be the Author of It is profitable against pains of the breast proceeding of a cold cause and against the Pleurisie it warmeth mollifieth and
comforteth all the parts of the body which are evil disposed through cold infirmities it is also good against stiffnesse and pains of the joynts in the Scurvy Dialthea simplex THIs hath the properties of the former but the former is better Unguentum potabile THis unguent is a sure Balsame for wounds of any sort or in any part of the body either penetrating or not penetrating in wounds penetrating either inject it warm or pour it into the wound Also upon any occasion it is to be drunk Ê’ i. or ii at once or for a dose It healeth wounds within the body Also it healeth burnings and scaldings without any scar And further it cureth the wind-chollick drunk with sack the dose is to be â„¥ i. without â—ear but I give usually but one dram or Ê’ ii Vnguentum de Mercurio I Have else-where said and it is too much apparent that for healing and killing Mercury hath no fellow and where I recite Mercury in any of my instructions you must understand me Quick-silver for so it is truly stiled by the Learned and not without good reason This Unguent joyne with it what other ingredients you please yet if Mercury be one it will shew his valour in despight of the rest though it have 20. for one odds against it so puissant is that volatile and excellent spirit of his which I may boldly say could truly never be tamed and yet many worthy medicines are made thereof which in their several places I mean to explain as I shall have time God willing You may make this Unguent of Dialthea oleum Laurini ana lib. ss Mercurius vivus or quick-silver â„¥ ii oleum spice or Tereb If you have them ana â„¥ ss and if you see cause in very cold bodies you may add of Euphorbium in powder Ê’ ii This unguent is good to provoke a flux You may make it of one of these unguents alone for need But I wish not the Surgeon to carry any of this unguent ready made to the East-Indies for the Quicksilver it is to be feared will fall to the bottome but if he will needs have it ready made let him add to the composition wax a sufficient quantity but it must be made as followeth The wax and unguent must be melted together which being yet warm â„ž Terebinthinae clarae â„¥ i. being put into the bottome of the woodden bowle or brasse bason not a pewter bason and stirring it so long till all the Quick-silver be clean lost and turned into a blew salve no more to be seen then by little and little mix it with the former and being almost coagulated I mean almost clean cold neither liquid through heat nor altogether cold work the Terebinthinae with the Mercury altogether strongly till it be cold You must use it cold and neither let the Patient himself chafe it in till it be warm or which is better let the Patient stand before the fire and chafe it in But note he which anointeth other therewith if he use it too often let him put a bladder on his hands for the often use thereof causeth many evils This unguent hath as many vertues as vices and as many vices as vertues a whole week may be easily spent with good profit to the Reader in waiting of Mercury I heartily wish some learned and worthy man would take in hand truly to anatomize that subject I am perswaded yea and know well he might thereby save the lives of many an innocent soul who with great infamy perish through the inordinate use of this unguent notwithstanding the medicine is good But I refer the Surgeons Mate for the use of this unguent to Mr. Clowes his book of Surgery But concerning the ordinary uses thereof if you anoint the joynts therewith it killeth the itch but if you anoint too plentifully it provoketh a flux sometimes upward sometimes downward If you anoint the seams of his shirt which is lowsie therewith it driveth away all the lice the same it doth to the lice of the eye-browes and secret parts wherewith many are troubled Also for the pils it is a very good medicine I use it in that case first to purge the Patient and after to anoint him with Vnguentum album wherein Quick-silver is mixed namely of the unguentum â„¥ i. of MercuryÊ’ i. misce and anoint therewith daily three times and keep the place very warm Linamentum Arcei I Cannot but reverence the Author of this precious plain Linament whose desert is highly to be esteemed of by the Commonwealth for it is as sufficient a Balm for new wounds especially in the head as that a better can scarce be found out by art It doth all the intentions of healing a wound in the head meerly of it self the flux being stayed For it digesteth mundifieth incarneth and cicatrizeth it defendeth from accidents and is very anodine it may also fitly be applyed to painfull ulcers and fistula's upon occasion The Author or manifester of this Linament was Franciscus Arceus as is manifest by a small treatise of his translated by Mr. John Read a Surgeon It is of temperament hot and moist Vnguentum Aragon THis unguent is numbred amongst the four hot unguents It profiteth generally against all cold affects of the outward parts of the body it much warmeth and comforreth the sinewes it is good against convulsions and cramps it is good to anoint the ridg-bone of the back and the parts near the kidnies against the pains thereof and also to anoint the stomack and belly upon any cold grief it is good to anoint the body of them which have the quartane fever the falling sicknesse the pains of the joynts and also it is good to be used as a Morbus ointment according to the common phrase adding the due quantity of Mercury thereto which I account to be of Quick-silver â„¥ ii to the unguent lib. i. But I find it will not retain his vertues above one year as witnesseth Johannes Jacobus Weckerus wherefore I forbear this composition in the Surgeons Chest Vnguentum Martiatum THis unguent as it is composed of many ingredients so it is said to be effectual for many griefs for saith the Author it discusseth cold causes in the head sinewes and joynts it removeth pain from the breast and stomack proceeding from colds it prevaileth aganst convulsions it helpeth the resolution of the sinewes dead palsie and them that are troubled with the Sciatica or hip-gout the gout in the hands feet and other joynts of the body it mollifieth hard puscles and tumors in the flesh it asswageth the hard swellings of the liver and spleen easeth the pain in the small guts it cureth the ach in the reins It hath his name as Salaritanus saith of Martianus or as Maâ—lius which is more probable saith of Martiatus a most skilful Physician supposed to be the inventer thereof and it is described in the Dispensatory by Nicolaus Alexandrinus who also describeth the vertues thereof in effect as is here set down
of the several uses of the same medicine in divers parts of Chirurgery as well as in the opening of tumours but my hast calleth me to the next Wherefore at this time I crave pardon Sal Absinthii Geâ—â—â—ae Nitri VVHat my leisure hath not here permitted me to speak of them or any Salt else I have rehearsed in my Treatise general of Salt in their particular places to which I refer the friendly Reader The Index will guide him thereto Oleum Rosarum OYl of Roses is anodine and doth refrigerate and corroborate and therefore is good against hot diseases as Erysipelas Also with Mel Rosarum it is a good Balm for new wounds of the head and elsewhere and hath divers other worthy uses in Chirurgery Oleum Anetheninum OYl of Dill is anodine and comforting it concocteth crude tumors causeth sleep mitigateth the head-ach refresheth the wearied members strengtheneth the sinews discusseth wind is profitable for convulsions and asswageth aches easeth pains and hath many other good uses Oleum Chamomelinum OYl of Chamomil resolveth moderately and calefieth by anointing the parts grieved is good for the Collick stone wearinesse and for aches fevers and for all other things with the former It is also very convenient in Glisters for all gripings and tortians of the guts and yeeldeth great comfort to the intrails by the good odour and warmth thereof Oleum Lumbricorum OYl of Earth-worms helpeth the aches of the joynts in any part of the body and doth strengthen and comfort well the sinews weakned and pained and is good against convulsions and cramps it is also a good Balme for sinews wounded Oleum Liliorum OYl of Lilies doth moderately warm and resolve asswageth pain mollifieth hard tumours doth much mitigate the violence of diseases and is very effectual against pains of the breast and stomack and allayeth the inordinate heat of the reins and bladder Oleum Hipericonis simplex OYl of St. Johns wort simple is of a thin essence it is of temperament dry and anodine healing sinews pricked or wounded Also it is very profitable to them that have the Sciatica to anoint them against the swellings in the Temples Belly and Leggs through Melancholy and it is of very good use for cold aches and convulsions cramps burnings scaldings and good to cure new wounds Oleum Hipericonis compositum Oleum Aparici or Balme Artificial THese three several names of oyles or different medicines according to that Intend in the Surgeons Chest are but one and the same medicine A better balme then which to heal new wounds the Surgeons Mate need not desire to learn or know Some Writers call it by the name of Oleum Hipericonis cum gummis some Oleum Aparici some Balm Artificial The composition whereof with the rest shall follow It is best to be used in wounds as hot as the Patient can endure it and for the first time rather hotter It is a sure medicine for all venemous wounds all bitings of mad doggs or of venemous worms very hot applyed and the parts about anointed therewith warm remembring in all venemous griefs a Cordial is also requisite In my own practice it is almost all the unctious medicine I ever use for the curing of wounds and contusions and I never repented my self of the use thereof In piercing wounds and stabs it is a medicine a Surgeon may well relye on it will not disgrace him It is a very comfortable medicine against all pains aches and witherings of the outward limbs proceeding of cold causes using it warm with good friction and a plaister of Burgundy pitch spread on leather and applyed thereon or rather Empl. Stipticum Paracelsi I speak this of practice and I could say much more of my own experience touching the praise of this worthy medicine if time would serve but for this present accept of this abridgment Oleum Sambucinum OYle of Elder-flowers doth lenifie and purge the skin is good for the obstructions of the liver helpful for the joynts and nerves pained the parts grieved being anointed therewith given in glisters it procureth stools healeth the yellow Jaundise amendeth belly-ach and easeth the griping pains thereof Oleum Lini OYl of Linseed is anodine cureth convulsions mitigateth the hardnesse of the arteries muscles and nerves asswageth the pain of the Hemorrhoides and helpeth the unnatural clefts chaps and fissures of the fundament Oleum Ovorum OYl of Eggs clenseth the skin taketh away the filthinesse and all the sears thereof occasioned by cuts or bitings or at the least much diminisheth them so that they can hardly be seen it cureth burnings killeth ring-worms healeth excoriations and is prevalent against any ulcer chaps or ill matter arising out of the flesh either in the hands feet arms leggs or in any other part of the body Oleum Laurinum OYl of Bayes is a medicine calefying mollifying opening and discussing it doth much mitigate the Collick delivered into the body by glister it is a present remedy against cold griefs of the brain nerves arteries and loins the parts anointed therewith it represseth the violence of a fever the spina dorsi or region of the back bone anointed therwith it is good for the Palfie Sciatica the hardnesse and pains of the spleen and is much used as well to cure the scab and ring-worm as the Scurvy Oleum Absinthii OYl of wormwood doth calefie and corroborate especially the stomack raiseth an appetite concoeteth crude humours dissipateth and disperseth wind killeth worms and taketh away obstructions proceeding from a cold cause the parts grieved being anointed therewith and likewise it is good in glisters for the like occasions Oleum Papaverum OYl of Poppies cureth the intemperature of heat in the reins and fevers and procureth sleep being anointed on the nose temples or eares maketh lubrick and lenifieth the sharpnesse thereof Oleum Petreoli OYl of Peter is hot and dry and by the tenuity of the essence thereof doth penetrate and digest all excremental matter it is used with profit for the falling sicknesse palsie giddinesse of the head and is good for many other griefs arising from cold causes Oleum Scorpionum Oyl of Scorpions is of especial use to break the stone in the reins and bladder and Manardus commendeth it against the pestilence all contagion and fevers but chiefly in expelling poyson It is likewise good to asswage the pains of the back proceeding by distempered kidnies Oleum Amygdalarum dulcium Oyl of sweet Almonds doth lenifie the roughnesse of the breast and throat as also the hardnesse drinesse of the joynts is good against the consumption of the lungs it is also of good use to be drunk in the hectick fevers it stayeth the cough asswageth the heat of urine healeth ulcers by injection is very good in Colica or Iliaca Passio to be drunk and administred in glisters Oleum Amygdalarum amararum OYl of bitter Almonds doth open obstructions discusseth wind and vapours but chiefly it healeth deafnesse the hissing and pain of the ears
which are of Mercury truly prepared for that they do not only duly evacuate but also divert and draw back the humours from the place offended which in truth is a great help to nature Also blood letting where occasion is may be used for diverting and mitigating a stubborn disease but after the use of Mercurial purges it is held of many not to be good to open a vein of which opinion I am without extraordinary reason urge the contrary And further if you intend to repel an Apostume you may make use of this following Cataplasme of Bean meal or wheat meal boyled with water and vinegar a convenient quantity that it be not over sharp adding a little Terebinthine and very warm apply it with also good close ligature and shift renuing the medicine every sixth or eight hours but observing as it is rehearsed that to repel an Apostume slender diet with convenient evacuation of the belly and Phlebotomy are as principals to be used Also a safe Cataplasme to repel an Apostume in the beginning is â„ž farina fabarum or Bean flower and castle sope ana â„¥ j. wine vineger as much as will suffice boyl these one quarter of an hour together and you may mix a little water with the vinegar for fear it break the skin and apply it warm Note further that to an Apostume broken by a causticke I commonly use no other thing then unguentum basilicon warm from the first to the end of the cure or my artificial balm which I much rather commend upon my long experience except some dressings now and then I apply to it onely dry lint and if nature be not beneficial to incarn and help healing to my desire I use a gentle absterfive medicine namely a little precipitate mixed with the said basilicon or else unguentum Aegytiacum very hot but that only for one dressing one time and then to my former course again for certain daies together namely till the Esker be faln and at the least three dressings after which if it give me not good content in hope of amendment then I proceed further one degree namely I use for one dressing of oleum sulphuris per campanam or oleum Vitrioli with which I onely touch the Ulcer within I also give a purge thereupon if the Patient be strong and then to my old form again till nauure be at rest I mean as is said till the Eskar be clean gone and yet five or six daies further but if then I see it be still stubborn I proceed to the next step or degree and crave help from my honest old friend Mercury who if he fail me judiciously applied then I confess I am almost to seek but he seldom failed me performance if my Patient were not the cause the disease being by Art curable The mercurial medicine I most use in such cases you shal find to be rehearsed in the cures of Fistulaes and Ulcers If an Apostume be opened by a caustick medicine the Apostume of it self being concavous I mean having a great hollowness going deep this way or that way strive you not at all either with tents plegents or dorssels to fil the said concavities and to divide the parts asunder which desire unition but only dress the outward or superficial part with warm basilicon artificial Balm or the like convenient medicine putting it a little within the entrance of the orifice of the Apostume upon a little lint on the end of thy Probe until the first second and third dressing after the opening be past and if thou have any of thy Cataplasme remaining with which thou didst ripen the Apostume apply the same very warm if not apply some good Emplaster over it anointing it with balm artificial and tpplying daily thereto a good balm or basilicon warm and fear not if thou make thy applications warm and use good rowling and boulstring which is a principal part of the belly where thou seest cause but thou shalt heal comforably onely forget not if occasion be that sometime thou make injection into the concavity of the Apostume with some fitting mundificative or abstersive medicament namely with a fitting Lotion it will do well but use it warm and charge it not often with it not at all except great cause yet upon due occasion if an Apostume turn to a moist watry concavous Ulcer thou maist then add to thy Lotion Aegyptiacum but be not too busie with such medicines It may be also thou maist think how shall a good healing follow where the sore is not searched and with tents and like medicines A Caution healed first at the bottome my loving Brother in that thou shalt behold the excellency of Nature in our bodies which being once eased of the burden of that vicious and offending humour which was the cause of the disease it will at first seem admirable to thee being a divine work for nature intends healing without thy help first by little and litle she avoideth the dregs of the disease and ever as fast within by Gods providence incarning new flesh as the quitture is outwardly avoided not by means of thy incarnitives I must tell thee whereon I advise thee not to trust albeit they be never so good experience will shew thee that Abstersive medicines namely such as have vertue to scower and exiccate or drie leaving a certain stâ—pticknesse behind them do best incarn judiciously applyed yea and those medicines which are most caustick of all are truly most incarnative for I speak this upon my known experience that upon the true and judicious use of them the Ulcer will soon incarn only with the use of dry lint far more then with any unctious Medicine whatsoever yea though it be Unguentum aureum for it is an infallible rule in An infallible rule that divine mystery of healing who so can dry well can heal well if thou with thy over many causticks following each other or by keeping the parts too much asunder hinder it not for too much exiccation or drying will make work not heal which beware of Some Artists have in use long hard tents this way that way or dorsels or plegents for perpetual keeping open an Apostume for say they I will see a good ground and a sound healing at the bottome ere I take out my tents and then I will begin to shorten them I say such are unworthy Surgions yet I deny not an Apostume or Ulcer may be in such a part of the body as namely in the corner of the eye or in ano which in no wise will safely suffer healing till some caustick medicine have well searched yea and as it were seared the bottom which once effected go on in the name of God with your precedent courses of healing again namely with all soft gentle and speedy healing means as before said For Natura naturans naturat omnia and mark it for by this reason an old wife oftentimes exceedeth a great Artist in healing for she wrestleth not
purge water very much both by stool and urine and because as is said extreme costivenes is great hurt to the body the Chirurgion must by his best care to the Patient seek to prevent it both by teaching him to doe his best for his own health and to amend the same by observing good customes and diet by customes namely that he fail not daily once a day at the least to offer himself to stoole and doe his best to urge some excrement to come and somewhat to force his body thereunto if occasion be and to keep one and the same houre daily as near as he can I know by proofe it helpeth much and for diet to use also as near as he can those things which he findeth procure an inward slipperines and loosness in the guts pease oatmeal and rice do somewhat thereunto provided A caution they be very well boyled and the adding currants thereto is the better and oyle and butter are good helps but at land where The third rule ceaseth the Marrinâ—r â—â— shore it may be had all kinds of fresh diet almost are good in that case for by the leaving onely Sea diet the body refresheth it selfe suddenly through benefit of nature and the fresh Aire and easily becommeth naturally loose and then the difficultie is ended The eating of East India Tamarinds is likewise a good thing in that case What I have written here plainly touching mean and simple glisters I would not be mistaken as if I did it out of ignorance or disdain of better medicines for I were worse then foolish if I would reject detract or disswade from the good use of decoctions of hearbs seeds c. with the additions of Electuaries Laxative Syrups and the like which I have in dayly use at home upon each just occasion yet many of the ancient Artists of worthy memorie which I could rehearse have in former ages used for glisters onely water and salt with oyle and some other have added honey and it is manifest that new milk alone is a good comfortable glister with the yolke of an egge and a little course sugar added And you may also many times save a labour in giving a gliâ—ter by a suppositorie which is either to be made of a long piece of Allum scraped smooth or of a candles end or of a piece of hard sope or of honey and salt sodden till it be so hard that it will break being cold which being yet hot may be rolled and made up of the greatnesse of a finger and administred of any of these I say you may make a suppositorie as long and big as a finger or lesse and thrust it up into Ano and let the partie keep this medicine one houre at the least in his body if he possibly can Further note this general rule concerning glysters The quantitie of a glister to be regarded let a glyster never exceed the quantitie of one wine pint let it rather want one quarter especially when you give it to a costive body or a full body he shall be much the abler and the willinger to keep it the The true temper if the glister to be administred just time Further beware it be not too hot nor too cold for the guts are tender parts so hot as pisse new made or a very little rather warmer is the true temper But if you perceive the Intestinum rectum or Arse-gut to be excoriated or inflamed in such a case use no salt nor salt broaths nor strong Laxatives as Euphorbium Agaricum Hiera Pigra Colâ—quintida or the like If you find the Longanum or Arse-gut How to deliver a glister of the Longâ—num be stopped to be clung or hard stopped with excrement you may put a small greasie or oily clout on the end of your glister-pipe onely over the holes thereof when you put it into the body and thruâ—t it into the head of the pipe then draw back a little your hand and deliver in your medicine and if you see cause and that it will not easily deliver force it somewhat Also when your medicine is all in and that you would draw out your instrument again do it quickly and let the party turn him on his back and he shall keep the medicine in the better In cases of excoriations or inflammations of the intrails in glisters use A glister for inflammation and excoriation in the guts Deer suet â„¥ ij for one glister and in want thereof Axungia ovini vel porcini I mean sheep or swines fat and let the decoction whereof the glister is made be onely of bran and without any other addition and give now and then such a glister I mean once a day for two or three daies after you may add thereto some smâ—ll astringent medicines as Succus Acatiae â„¥ j. or Gales Ê’ij or Balustians â„¥ ss or Myrabolans Ê’iij even as you see cause for these help to heal the guts well Of Lotions COncerning Lotions to the mouth and throat of the diseased they must be sharp and very astringent I mean them especially which concern the cure of the gums in the Scurvie if the gums therefore be swolne that they hang over the teeth stinke or be putrified they must be very well lanced or scarified and after hard rubbed with a The cure of the gums muâ—h swoln stâ—nking and putrified linnen or wollen cloth wrapped about the fore finger and wet in some strong restringent or Stiptick Lotion very hot as is the ordinary Lotion of Allum Honey and Hearbs adding thereto a double quantity of Allum and a little Salt peter or gun-powder for a need is good and if it be not sufficiently strong make a stronger decoction of coperas in water adding Salt-peter with a little honey if you have it or Mel Rosarum with also a little strong vineger you may also put oyle of Vitriol a little thereto but that it hath one evil qualitie in hurting and softning the teeth wherefore beware of it and if you use it do but onely touch the gummes with it once and no more and it wil do much good and if you please also Aqua Fallopie is good but because it is made with sublimed Mercurie it is not without danger and is also a loathsome taste to smel and offendeth the stomack very much but I know it to be held by many for a great secret but as for my self for reasons rehearsed I usâ— it not but advise rather that which is strong either of the Coperas Allum or Salt-peter for they hurt not the teeth at all as doth the oyle of Vitriol and so doth Aqâ—a fortis very much or you may make a Lotion thus â„ž Coperas white green or blew â„¥ ij water one pound or there about Hony one spoonful boyle these to the consumption of one third or half then take of Lapis Medicamentosus or Salt-peter â„¥ ss and if you have no Honey take Sugar or juice of Licorice or Licorice boyled
themselves and let them avoid slothfulnesse avarice envie fear pride or what else may hinder these duties that God may give a blessing to their labours and then the praise and comfort shall return to themselves which God grant And for the elder sort of grave Artists I crave their charitable censures of my weake or undigested instructions which I no way mean to them but to babes in Chirurgery and so I conclude to the honour of the Almightie concerning the Scurvie for this time Concerning the Fluxes of the Belly THe principal Fluxes of the belly by a common consent of divers ancient Writers are chiefly referred to three kinds namely Leienteria Diarrhoea Dysenteria What Leienteria is Leientaria is distinguished to be that Fluxe which either passeth the sustenance taken wholly digested and that without any blood at all and without great pain or as it were half digested The true causes of Leienteria proceed chiefly through imbecillitie and weaknesse of The causes of Leienteria the stomack which may be occasioned many wayes whereby the vertue retentive is weakned yea and sometimes the stomack by some Crudity a cause Apostumation is either wholly weakned and cold or broken or otherwise by crude humidities is oppressed and must be strengthned both inwardly and outwardly by things that corroborate and warm the same as is Syrupe de absinthio or oleanâ— absinthii Chimice 3 or 4 drops thereof in wine or beere for need and I have found it good to a strong body at first namely in the beginning of the disease to give him a vomit of the infusion of stibium or rather of A vomit at first Salvitrioli ten grains if it may be had or of Aquila vitae four grains or of Cambogia twelve grains and so the medicine having done working To corroborate let him presently sleep fasting if he can if not give him a little Cinamon-water or a little sanguis prunellorum if you have it or a draught of good Aligant or conserve of Sloes or Quinces and shortly after namely three houres if he cannot take his rest give him An opiate three grains of Laudanum in a pill and so appoint him to rest but if you conceive or feare the disease to proceed of Apostumation in the stomack then beware of giving any vomit before perfect suppuration of the same for it is deanly but outwardly you may apply then Stomack comforted to the stomack a bag with Worm-wood Mints or sweet Majoram nd warm being sprinkled with Rose water and Vineger or else a Bisket bedued well with Rose water and Vineger being steeped must Pecteral unguent be applied to the stomack or anoint the stomack with unguentum pectorale or with oyl of Nutmegs made by expression also Theriaca andromachi or theriaca LondiniÊ’i ss is very good given him upon the Coâ—â—â—als point of a knife or Marmalad of Quinces is also good Mithridate is very fit and approved or grated Nutmegs is very good and Cinamon in powder taken in meats or drinks is good likewise if these things answer not thy desire thou maist proceed to medicines more astringent Astringent medicines such as follow in the cure of Dysenterie one verie familiar and good Medicine is sanguis prunellorum aforesaid the dose is â„¥ j. or â„¥ ij with Mint or Worm-wood or Carduus water taken going to rest or taken of it self But your mentioned Laudanum in all Fluxes judiciously Cordial water administred is the onely sure help neverthelesse in this grief trie other good things first all Aromatized strong waters are convenient in this case moderately used as well to avoid further fluxes as also in these fluxes to comfort the stomack stiptike wines serve well for it likewise Theriace diatesseron â„¥ j. now and then also electuarium diatrion piperion â„¥ ss on a knifes point given is very good for it mightily Diatrion piperion warmeth and strengthneth the stomack But sometimes it happeneth that not onely the meat passeth away by stoole but also other undigested matter with it in which case Petrus Bayrus in his Veni mecum folio 273. adviseth to use things sowre with meat as Verjuice or the juice of sowre Pomgranats and the like in want whereof the juice of Lemmons is good or rather syrup of Lemmons or syrup de Agrestis or oyle or spirit of Vitriol taken in some fitting drink as Cardâ—us water or fair water wine or Barly water the oyle of Vitriol 3. Syrupe of Lemons Oyl of Vitriol drops taken with conserve of Roses is also good in this disease also keep warm the region of the stomack and Liver and inwardly as is said it is good to use all good comfortable helps that warm Of Diarrhoea DIarrhoea is a flux of the belly which is either merely watrish or with humors and with slime mixed for the signes of the disease are manifest the causes too many for my leisure to note unto you concerning the cure of Diarrhoea if you see that the Patient be strong there is no great hast of stopping this disease for that it is many times a benefit of Nature whereby she avoideth superfluous or venemous or Stop not at the first otherwise vicious and offensive humours but when you shal perceive that it hath continued certain dayes and that the partie is weakned thereby then begin the cure as followeth First give him ℈ ij of Rubarb dried as they use to drie Tobacco and poudered either in wine or Carduus or fair water or the infusion thereof without the substance A purge and after the working thereof a gentle glister will doe well which may likewise leave a stiptick qualitie in the guts but not too strong such as hereafter shall be mentioned and let the partie be laid to rest very warm covered and warm clothes applied to the belly and fundament of the partie and if that helpeth not you may give him Warmth is very good within three houres three or foure grains of Laudanum and let him again incline himself to rest and by Gods help he shall be cured but if he have a Fever give him an opiate first I mean the Laudanum Good helps to the cure of this disease and all Fluxes of the belly are Laudanum these following first to refrain and resist as much as is possible the motions of going to stool not to strain or force the body being at stool not to sit long being at stool in rising to remember to put up worth the observing the fundament with a clout and that if it may be with a warm soft clout to sit as hot as the partie can namely if it may be often to sit upon an oaken board hot is very good hot trenches or pieces of boards heated and applied to the belly are very good and to take the fume of wine vineger sprinkled on a hot brick or iron and sit over it on a close stoole is approved very good and to
sit over the fume of Franckincense Manuall help or Amber with a chafing dish and a few coales in a close stoole is likewise very good this disease in our climate for the most part by skilful Physitians and Surgeons is well and speedily cured but in the Indies it is very hardly cured in so much that many have To sit 〈◊〉 died of it partly by the great wilfulnesse and disorder of the Patient and by your leave also by the ignorance of the Surgeon being a thing they had not been warned of before nor practised in and by not having good remedies and instruments fit at hand to give men help wherefore let young Artists have a care to these afore mentioned rules and medicines not scorning them A fume And among other needfull instruments for poore Sea-men in fluxes never be unfurnished in the ship of one or two close stooles with doores to them and Brasse pailes that poore miserable men in their weaknesse may be eased thereon and not to be constrained to goe to either the beak-head or shrouds as they term it for that not onely increaseth the disease but also causeth the falling down of the care to be bad Ano or Arse-gut a fearful accident except the Surgeon be very careful diligent and ready handed in which cases all nicenesse lazinesse and disdainfulnesse too much cleaving to some young men must be laid aside for the very omitting of his dutie in reducing the gut fallen A dangerous accident may easily be the death of the Patient whose bloud will cry to God for revenge Wherefore young Artists that professe to fear the Almightie ought to be compassionate to the meanest creature in this disease as they would others should do to them in the like case and not even otherwise Petrus Bayerius an ancient learned Writer alledging Galen in his second book de locis affectis defineth this disease as followeth It is saith he tearmed Dysenterium whereas varietie of substances are sent out with the excrement producing excoriation with dolour and pain as if somewhat were shaven from the small guts and that shaven saith Admonition to young Artists he proceedeth from the choler and turneth to ulceration of the guts and is compleat in two weeks or proceedeth of a glassie coloured substance and hath its termination in foure weeks or proceedeth of a Melancholy humour and is in perfection in forty daies first beginneth the fluxe then followeth the excoriation c. But to trouble the Reader much or my self with long definitions either of the causes or signes of this disease my leisure will not permit me and the rather will I not insist thereon for that in reading I find divers learned and reverend Writers that have entred into long discourses of the signes and causes of this grief prescribing divers methodical rules and yet Ambiguity impertinent they conclude of the cure of Dysentery for the most part of them with a kind of Emperical form of curing namely some reciting one some another medicine for the general cure of this disease many of them ending without any rational or methodical form at all which argueth in my opinion that it is impossible either to finde out all the causes thereof or to prescribe any one true form for the general cure of the same but the discreet Chirurgion must be armed with judgement in these following principles namely that if he perceive it to proceed by fulness of bloud or humours to seek the health of the Patient by sundry the most rational and fittest evacuations as namely Advise to the Artâ—st bleeding purging and slendernesse of diet then also to proceed to medicines which take away the acrimony and heale the inward parts then to those which are Anodine and doe cause rest A learned French Chirurgion named Guillemeau writing a Treatise of this Guillimeau his opinion disease in his conclusion saith as followeth The Empericall Medicaments which the methodical Physitians so disdain and esteem of little worth are those which we through our experience and through the diuturnal use of them have found to be most excellent which being used with judgement are not to be disdained seeing that Galen Ground of Arts. himself testifieth that the Physitian must be established on two foundations to wit reason and experience whereof reason is as it were the soul of the same which measureth and pondereth all things and experience the body as a provident Tutour and Schoolmaster Rubarb pray sed wherefore seeing that experience teacheth us that Rubarb in what manner soever we administer the same but especially the infusion thereof is very commodious and profitable in this disease as likewise is Spiritus Vitrioli with Rose-water and Plantane-water and also being administred with Cinamon water saith Guillemeau there is a sugarlike dulcor or sweetnesse extracted out of Lead which never deceived thehope of the right reverend Master Duion a very learned Physitian where of I have attained the best of these discourses the tincture of Coral and of yellow Amber extracted with Aqua vitae is in operation admirable also Crocus Martis or flos Surphur is being in season administred with the Conserves of Roses Marmalet Citron rindes Saccbaram Saâ—â—â—i with other such like things are very commodious because among natural things I know nothing exsiccateth more and opposeth it self more against all corruptions To conclude there are innumerable sorts of remedies which we must so compound that they may have one similitude or one Analogy with the disease finally we must in extream Dysentery for the last remedy indeavour tâ—â—â—itigate the pain with narcotical things as is the Oleum Jusquiâ—â—â— mandragorae the cold seeds the Philonium requies Nicolai and many other such like compositions which are unto this disease used and which may not be administred except great judgement and advise had thereon Thus much what people most subâ—ect tâ— this disease and where out of Guillimeau This disease chiefly afflicteth Souldiers in Warres and Sea-men in long Voyages and namely in hot countries chiefly when after short and hard allowances they shal happen on the sudden to get great store of raw fruit fresh meat flesh or fish or any other great change of pleasant diet in which cases reason and judgement as the principal helps are to be used as for instance this disease is incident much to such as change the place of their abode for a farre hotter or a far colder Countrey but chiefly into hotter witnesse the mortalitie through that disease which hath often befalne our Souldiers in the wars in France c. As also now at Bantham how much doth it afflict them that live there Moreover as is said if it proceed of repletion evacuation and thin diet is the mean to proceed in the beginning of the cure thereof if it proceed of an acrimonious fretting humor then one of your first helps must be a present purge if strength will bear it namely
of Rubarb as is said in the cure of Diarrhoea or a Decoction of myrabulans and also a good Barly-water the second good help is a Glister which may be proper against sharp If the Patient want rest give him a Glister humors and after to conclude the cure with a dose of Laudanum Paracelsi but if the partie be in great weaknesse and want of rest give him some comfortable glister first next that an Opiate I mean the Landanum one dose you may begin in weak bodies first with Opiate medicines in that there is most need of ease and if you find after rest it help not use a Glister or a purge as you see cause for though the Laudanum at first cure not yet it giveth rest whereby the partie afterwards it is likely will be the stronger to indure cure by other reasosonable The oft repeating of Laudanum râ—quireth this caution medicines which done if that answer not thy desire thou maist return to Laudanum again and again alwayes remembring as is said there be foure houres at the least distance betwixt each dose and if the disease proceed of heat seek to coole the bloud by a decoction of Plantane and cold hearbs or seeds if they be to be had or at Sea with such medicines as are used to quench heat and are not merely sharp and yet Oyle of Vitriol is much commended to be taken certain dayes together in any kinde of distilled waters either Plantane Sorrell Straw-berries or the like whilest the said waters are good and sweet or with Aqua Sparnolae if it be at hand also a Barley water with a little Allum or Galls in powder is singular good so is Bole but the finer the Bole is the better and Terra Sigillata Syrup of Quinces is good also in that case and so are all the medicines Laudanum laude dignum made of sloes after some due evacuation as in thy discretion thou shalt see reasonable but to conclude a dose of Laudanum Opiate is best to finish the work for that goeth before or rather exceedeth all other medicines in fluxes for that swageth all pains and causeth quiet sleep which often even alone is the true perfection of the How to restore the patient very weak by Disentery cure And further if it 〈◊〉 appear that this disease have so gotten the upper hand that the 〈◊〉 is grown very feeble his bloud being wasted appoint him 〈◊〉 that may warm and comfort the stomack namely at land if it may be had Broths of chickins or the like with some Spices therein and Egs and Sugar and a little Rose water but not Honey for that increaseth gripings and cawdles with egs wine and spices according to good discretion will do well if they may be A glister against excoriation had and give him if thou see cause a glister if there be fear of excoriations in the guts namely a decoction of Barley or Bran or of Bran onely with Deer suet â„¥ ij let not your decoction be too slimy of the Bran and adde if you can get it the yolk of one egge for egges comfort much and swage pain the yolk of the egge must be well beaten with the decoction by little and little so taken very warm or if the party have gripings in his guts make this glyster following and for want of Bran take a little wheat flowre and with camomile Centaury Worm-wood St. Johns wort or some of these make a decoction adding A glyster for gripâ—ng through Dysentery also Anniseed Fennel Dill â—or Cummin-seeds or the like or some of these at the least adding after the boyling some two or three spoonfuls of Rosasolis or good Aqua-vitae or some strong cordial waters if you see there be cause to comfort and warm and adding also as is said Deer suet â„¥ ii with wax â„¥ ss Another glyster Also glysters of milk and egges onely are very good to swage gripings and pains where they may be had also as is said warm cloths to the belly and fundament applyed are very good and note still that rest procured is a principal help in curing all fluxes Another glyster For excoriations of the guts make a glyster with a decoction of dry Centaury Hipericon Worm-wood or Balm with barly adding of Deer suet â„¥ ij and a little dried Galls in powder or cut in slices or succus acatiae or Cortices granatorum or dried red roses if you have them or Balausties which are flowers of Pomegranats Note what powders so ever you give in glysters let them be exceeding finely powder'd otherwise they are very dangerous fear not to administer an opiat as I have said provided that there be four or five hours distance of time twixt each dose also you may give a dose of Rubarb namely ℈ ii or Ê’ ss parched and powdered fine for so it doth best taken either alone or with Sanguis prunellorum one small spoonful in wine and a little Cinamon water or in any other convenient drink as the prsent state of the sick shall cause thee or for want of wine beer or water you may give the sicke also conserve of roses or quinces after which if cause be to give rhe Laudanum again you may safely do it Furthermore in this case as also in all kind of fluxes fumigations are very good medicines namely sitting over a close stool provided the sick be very warm kept and not too hot to which purpose a well burned brick heat very hot and put under the stool laying two cold bricks under it for burning the stool and then sprinkle often the hot brick with vinegar if the disease be hot or with vinegar and Aqua vitae mixed if it be cold and for want of bricks some great pieces of old iron will serve as it is already rehearsed also a decoction of cinamon or cloves or both together or nutmegs set under the stool that the warm steam of the spices may come up into the body of the patient is very good Note further that where you fear a flux of the belly may follow that you purge not the party with Coloquintida Trochis de Alhandal Agaricum nor Diagredion And remember ever when you give Rubarb that you give cinamon or ginger or anniseeds a little there with which correcteth the flatuous diposition thereof If this disease of the flux shall shew it self to proceed of any contagiousnesse of the aire as sometimes it doth this is certainly the All diseases proceed from God most fearful of the rest for although all diseases have their original from the hand of the Almighty yet then we have all reason to call to our remembrances the words which the Prophet David speaketh God must be sought unto in the Psalmes whither shall I flie from thee O my God when therefore the aire which we are forced to receive into our bodies shall threaten us then if ever it is high time for Chirurgion and patient to cry
Sect. 4. Another good sign In fluxes of the belly changes of the excrements is a principal good sign unlesse the change be made worser Aph. 14. Sect. 2. In perturbations of the belly and voluntary vomiting if such things are purged thereby that ought to be purged it is good but otherwise the contrary Aph. 25. Sect. Aph. 3 Sect. 4. A Dysentery which proceeds from yellow choler is not altogether mortal as Galen affirmeth in his second book of natural faculties that General rules for the cure of the flux many are cured of it Lientery after Dysentery is mortal these Canons following belong to the particular cure of any flux of the belly No flux of the belly before the fourth day if the Patient be strong is to be restrained The ulcers of the higher intestines are to be cured with medicines taken at the mouth but those of the lower with Glysters chiefly and if ulcers be in both then are they to be cured both waies To such as cure a Dysentery let astringent things be given before other meats that they may the better be retained Hot stiptick things are good in fluxes proceeding of a cold cause And on the contrary if the concocting faculty shall be weak the use of hot things is likewise good If there be a cough with flux of the belly the Patient shall abstain from all sharp stiptick things Sweating medicines and frications with oyl of Camomil and Dill by opening the pores and plucking back the matter to the opposite part are good in fluxes Cupping-glasses saith Avicene applyed four hours to the belly stay the fluxes of the belly All stiptick fruits by the counsel of Avicene are to be avoided in fluxes of the belly notwithstanding Chestnuts hurt not as the same Author affirmeth Sleep among other things is good for a flux and so is any quietnesse and rest good unlesse the flux proceed from some Catarrhe or rheume Touching the particular cure if the disease come of a hot cause let there be a lentive glyster administred before the fourth day which is this â„ž Aqua hordei â„¥ xij Mellis rosati â„¥ ij mingle it and let it be made a Glyster twice reiterating it afterwards let the cholerick matter be purged thus â„ž Rosarum ruâ—earum violarum â— â— â„¥ â— let them boile A glyste onely one walme and in the straining infuse them the space of six hours then add these things â„ž Cortiâ—es mirâ—bal cit â„¥ j. tragac Ê’ij A Purge strain the medicine and let it be so given notwithstanding warily for indeed many of our ancients did abstain altogether from purging medicines in fluxes whereupon Avicene 41 capite 3. saith that it is dangerous to loose the belly upon a former loosenesse If the matter be sanguine and the sick of reasonable strength you may let the lower vein be opened to represse the acrimony of the humour to pluck back and coole the boyling of the liver witnesse Avicena 4 â—rimi chap. 20. Phlebotomy doth bind the belly very much and amongst many is held for a great secret for a certain man of 70. years of age labouring with the Dysenterie the space of a moneth when no other means would help him he was cured by letting of blood yet I confesse my self should not easily do the like If the excrements begin to grow thicker and the gripings begin to cease the token is good if in the excrements scraping as it were of the guts seem to appear it is no token of death I read that the ancients used caustick Glysters of Arsenicum aes vestum Alumen Calx vivum but these later Pysitians use rather astringent and narcotick medicines as these Cortices Thâ—ris Mastiâ—ts Boli Armeniae Sarcocollae and the like The'ulcers of the small guts are worse to receive healing then those of the great guts for the greater are fleshie and therefore they receive consolidation so much the easier The ulcers of Jejunum or the hungry gut are of all the worst because it is smaller then the other and because sharpe choler doth suddenly happen into it iâ— hath more veins in it then the rest and is next to that noble part the liver and further one reason of doubt is for that medicines taken to bind and consolidate cannot long remain therein In the Dysentery what must be refused In the Tenasmus and the Dysentery coming after it the patient must abstain from all sharpe salt and bitter things because by using of such things the excrements become sharpe and cause excoriation Hot things restrain the flux of the belly because they make the meat digest penetrate cause urine and provoke sweat which is found in the drinking moderately of pure wine as Avicâ—ne witnesseth besides that it provokes sleep and helps digestion notwithstanding it is to be abstained from in fevers and when the flux proceeds from hot and cholerick humors A Dysentery proceeding from obstructions will never be cured with Astringent medicines but rather with penetrating medicines by adding a little vinegar which openeth more forcibly then wine and mollisieth obstructions for if Astringent medicines be mingled with deâ—icatives they increase the obstruction Although some say that in the Lienteria the meat taken in doth come forth in the same colour and quantity as it was when it was taken in this notwithstanding is to be understood that the form and colour of it is of necessity changed but it doth not wholly alter it for they are altered somewhat according to the majus minus because it is an impossible thing that the nourishment being conveighed thorow so many intestines should come forth without any alteration at all There are some also which judge the Dysenteria and the Tenasmus by motion of the pulse that the patient hath a fever if the pulse be moved swift yet it seems to me the contrary although there is an over heating or boyling in the blood by reason of the hot humors the great motion of the body want of sleep and abstinence yet with the flux onely stayed the fever hath an end It is formerly said that the ulcers of the great intestines are to be cured with Glysters and the ulcers of the small intestines to be cured with medicines taken at the mouth notwithstanding it profiteth to take fit medicines at the mouth for ulcers of the great intestines and Remedies for Vices in the intestines in ulcers of the small guts to inject glysters which sometimes ascend to both the ventricles as experience teacheth and so also are ulcers in the great guts sometimes cured by medicines taken at the mouth wherefore let no convenient helps be omitted in case of necessity And though Avicena saith it is dangerous to purge the belly upon a loosenesse thereof yet the same Avicena Gerardus Cremo Serapio Jordanus de Turra and other later Physicians of â—ound judgement prescribe in the cure of fluxes Purgative medicines therefore they appoint things according to the patients strength when a
Dysenteria Galen s rule if the Dysenteria proceed from humours proceeds of mauy humours or having and ill quality the cure as Galen witnesseth hath one chief and most common intention to that which is contrary to the disposition to be taken away Therefore let there be given Myrabolans which in this case are most excellent for they correct the acrimony of the humours and strengthen the ventricle and the intestines in want whereof Rubarb may be as well given being dried a little But if the flux be pestilential let the matter be purged presently by sweating as is said not respecting the concoction of humours Of Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi and the Vertues thereof THere are many diseases which can hardly be cured without Anodine medicines therefore in the Cure of such diseases I mean where want of rest through extream pain or other the great disquiet of nature doth foretel an imminent danger of death if rest be not speedily procured in all such cases Anodine medicines may doubtless with great reason and good warrant be inwardly given To procure therefore safe and quiet rest sheweth great skill in the Artist and to the Patient is more precious in his grievous infirmitie then much treasure but in no one infirmitie have such medicine more shewed their admirable vertues then that noble medicine The chief vertue of Laudanum called Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi hath done in the cure of that lamentable disease called Dysenterie or the bloudy Fluxe as witnesseth divers of our Nation coming from the East Indies upon good proofe as also being no lesse approved of not onely by ancient and modern Writers but by every expert Chirurgion coming from those countries of their own too many experiences thereof have been made The vertues of this precious Anodine to be I mean here recited as they are noted and set down very learnedly by that famous Writer Oswaldus Crollius late Physitian to Matthias the third Emperour of Ozwaldus 〈◊〉 Crossiâ—e 〈◊〉 of the vertues of Laudanum Germany in his book called Bazilica Chymica and not by him onely but also by divers good Authors of credit which have written of the same medicine before which vertues being very many may seem almost incredible though many of them my self am witness of to be true out of my daily practise onely they are meant by the true composition according as Theophrastus Paracelsus hath prescribed it and is the same composition which the said Writer mentioneth Touching the virtues of the Medicine Ozwaldus concerning Laudanum THis Laudable medicine saith Ozwaldus Crollius deserveth rightly his name although thou call it Laudanum for in all sharp pains whatsoever hot or cold within the body or without the body yea even when through extreamitie of pain the parties are at deaths doore or almost mad with the vehemencie of the same this precious medicine giveth ease presently yea and quiet sleep and that Laudanum more efficâ—cious if the body be soluble safely but much better the body being first soluble either by nature or Art and you may give it safely provoking first onely one stoolâ— by a suppositorie or a glister were better in the collick with Mint-water it easeth the gripings forthwith In the pains and gravel of the kidnies likewise it giveth present ease In the plurisie it presently and safely giveth ease In pains of the joints it is verie good In the staying of rheumes as tooth-ache and other like defluxions in the beginnings it is a singular good medicine as namely in the tooth-ache dissolve foure graines thereof in Plantane water and put it into the eare on the aking side and take three grains into the body and lie to rest it is a sure help In all fluxes of the belly whether they proceed of sharp or slipperie humours or whatsoever else offending cause taken with mastick Terra Sigillata fine Bole or with any other appropriate good medicine it is exceeding sure for it fortifieth the other medicines and doubleth their forces adding his own also thereto In extream watchings and want of rest either inwardly or outwardly taken it is profitable if outwardly you would use it take foure or six grains with three drops of oyl of Nutmeggs which is pressed out mixed together and binde it in two little clouts and put it into the nostrils it will marvellously asswage pains in the head and cause quiet rest In the extream bleedings of the nose called Hemoragie it is an approved secret that sixteen grains thereof divided into two pils and thrust up into the nostrils into each nostril one part helpeth the same In all kinds of Fevers it is good to be given with water of Worm-wood or pill-wise alone and if the heat remain after sixe houres you may give it the second time and after that again in like time safely not exceeding the dose yet let your own experience lead you that where you see three grains will not cause rest in the next potion you give one grain more and so increase paulatim but increase not but upon good deliberation In burning Fevers it asswageth thirst and provoketh sleep chiefly in those Fevers in which the partie seemeth to have some shew of rest with tedious dreams and slumbrings mixed In the disease called Asthma and in the Tysick if it be used in water of Hyssope it will preserve the diseased Patient a long time It conserveth the natural heat strengthneth the spirits repaireth strength lost It is also effectual to be given to melancholy people which are void of reason and are troubled with the passions of the heart It is likewise used with good effect against vomiting and the Hickcock proceeding of wind faintnesse or debilitie of the Ventricle In the superfluous defluxions of the excremental or menstrual bloud it is an excellent remedy with Crocus Martis or red coral In phrensies and madnesse both in wardly and outwardly it is good mixed with Aqua vitae and the temples anointed therewith In the falling sicknesse with spirit of Vitriol or the quintessence of Camphire with also oyle of Almonds it is usually taken The dose of this opiate medicine is two or three or foure grains if there be loosnesse of the belly as is rehearsed it worketh much the better Note that in some parts of the world this medicine in the mentioned dose will doe no ease wherefore when you finde that by experience in the next Patient give more but not to the same Patient without great reason It is best given in any occasion accompanied with waters or The best way to administer it other medicines which are most appropriate to the diseases land parts diseased and yet may very well be given alone in a pill which I willingly do for that the Patient then is least troubled with the taste thereof A caution remarkable But beware you use not this medicine to any which are feeble through a great cough being oppressed with tough phlegme and shortnesse of breath for there it is not
well to incorporate which done and that they are mixed all in one and added to the former the Laudanum is readie onely if you could forbear your Medicine so long that it might afterwards stand in a small Alimbeck of glasse with a blinde head one moneth it would be much the better To compose this Opiate aright is bâ—rd to a Bungler This Medicine though it would put many that professe much knowledge in the Art of the Apothecarie to their trumps truely to prepare it yet to an artist which is a true preparer of Medicines it is plain and pleasant to be done and once done it is for his whole life a sure medicine and will do the work-master credit that useth it I have the rather explained this medicine for that so many grosse and dangerous compositions are daily hatched up and uttered abroad for currant under the name of Laudanum Paracelsi opiati to the extream hazard of the lives of very many and to the great prejudice of the Common-wealth from the danger whereof God deliver each honest Christian And for that the younger sort of Artists should not easily be deceived with false compositions though I confess it is Marks to discern the false from the true Laudanum not possible to espie some cunning deceits which may passe in farre plainer compositions then this is yet take these few notes following when you would buy it for remembrances First note that the medicine is fals if it be uneven I mean if it have any course or grosse thing in it so that it will not all clearly dissolve as a juice of Liquorice well made will Notes of the true Laudanum For this is an infallible rule extracts are the pure parts of things and will wholly dissolve or be dissolved Further note that if either honie or sugar be found in the medicine it is false Also if it be more liquid then the ordinarie bals of Liquorice made up in London it is false or foolishly made and will not keep Also if it retain the lothsome smell of Opium it is not to be trusted Also if it be not merely of one colour so that you see nothing of the ingredients appear at all it cannot be good For assure thy self this composition truely made must be smooth and well smelling of such an indifferent hardnesse that without additions you may roule it into pils and is not greatly ponderous or heavie but it is of an unpleasant taste I must tell thee and therefore I use to give it as I have said in a pill except necessitie by weaknesse of the Patient when he cannot swallow a pill urge the contrary or that I use it in outward griefs as to othache c. Iliaca Passio ILion or Iliaca Passio is a most painful disease proceeding from an A fearful viâ—â—â—ation obstruction of the small guts which suffering nothing to passe downwards causeth a great wringing and pain so that many which are oppressed with this disâ—ase do perish and die a very miserable death ending their dayes with their feces or their own excrements issuing out at their mouthes and it is many times noted for a disease infectious Iliaca and Colica differ in place This woful kind of belly-ache or Iliaca Passio differeth from the Collick in the situation in that it hath his place and being in the smal guts and the chollicke onely in the great guts so that a vomit sometimes giveth ease herein but glisters seldome or never give any help for that seldome any thing will be brought forth downwards though the glisters be never so strong but herein the help that is to be hoped for by glisters is farre better effected by the glister Siringe then by the glister bag for one may deliver it with that Instrument with as great force as you please Causes THe causes of this disease are almost one with the Chollick both which are obstructions in the small or great guts and proceed chiefly of three causes as saith Dominicâ—â— Lâ—â— namely 1 The drinesse of the ordure or excrements 2 Abscessus or a bâ—le or a botch in the guts 3 Thick and drie humours Also this disease sometimes commeth by distemperature of the aire being very cold also by a blow or bruise upon the gut â—lion the inward causes may be very many namely by drinking of poyson or cold water meats of hard digestion binding of the belly and such like Signes or tokens THe signes or tokens whereby this disease is known are as Galen affirmeth 7. Aphoris 19. is an intolerable pain and wringing in the upper part of the guts and no excrements descending downward Sometimes it moveth heavie and sore vomits so that the very feces are vomited upward of which disease or grief scarce any in that kind doe escape as Galen witnesseth lib. 6. cap. 2. I have seen the like in a A fearfull vomiting Rupture by reason of a part of the gut Ilion that was fallen through the Peritoneum into Scrotum that could not be reduced the sick vomited his excrements and died the second day Also much watching sometimes causeth great pain in the small guts or Ilion unrest strong Note Convulsions cold in the extream parts and if any feces be gotten forth of the fundament by any means they being put into water will swimme aloft Item if this grief come of poyson drunke then the Patient will suffer Tremor Cordis soundings debilitie of the faculties of the body and vomit doe commonly goe before the pangs and all these aforesaid signes are usually more vehement and stronger then in the Collick Prognostica VVHen the Iliack cometh with distilling or dropping of urine the partie dieth within seven daies Galen aphoris 44. except an Ague happen so that in the mean time sufficient quantitie of urine do come Item vomit the Hicket foolishnesse or idle convulsions are evilâ— signes Avicen upon the 7. aphor 10. A deadly sign The vomiting upward of the excrements deadly yet young folks escape in this disease sooner then old folks A good sign The Ilion where the pain doth change from place to place is of least danger because it dependeth or proceedeth of winde which is easily rosolved Another The breaking of winde upwards or downwards and stinking much is evil and deadly as also the excrements much stinking is the like Cure Promise nâ— cure IN the cure of this disease no Physician or Chirurgion respecting his credit will take upon him absolutely the cure thereof especially if the Scurvie be confirmed in the patient but with protestation of death if the Patient doe vomit the feces or excrements upward but if the Promise no cure Scurvie be not yet confirmed in the Patient then the cure of this disease differeth little from the cure of the Collick and may be indifferently used and is all one but that onely the stronger medicines and greater diligence is to be used in the Iliack then in the Collick which if
put in practise as preparing the humours by evacuation remission and resolution all which require some long time and therefore other meanes are first to be used to take away the paine or at least to mitigate the same with Anodines first Anodine medicines and the due application of convenient helps of warme and moist temperatures which not helping you must againe Necrotical medicines if need have recourse to Necroticall and Stupifying things which indeed are not to be used but in great extremities to give the patient some present ease Anodine medicines are to be adminstred so well inwardly as outwardly as first inwardly namely in glysters consisting of moist and fat substance as the decoction of Camomill Dill Linseed Mellilot Mallowes Hollihock Fenigreek Bayberies or some of these with one ounce of the new extract of Cassia and some suger with Linseed oyle and butter administred Outwardly these are to be applyed either Unctions Cataplasmes Fomentations Baths or some such like convenient medicines as time and place best fitteth But if these should not help then in great extremities you are to flie yet againe to Necroticall or stupifying medicines as namely Landanum Paracelsi which exceedeth all Necroticis or Philonium Romanum is also a good medicine these are onely to be used in causes proceeding of heat and never of cold causes for in cold causes that were rather to confirm the disease and yet in the judging whether the cause be hot or cold sometimes a good Artist deceives himself If the Collick come of winde then you must apply warm resolving medicines I mean dissolving and dispersing medicines Notes to be considered of by the Chirurgion in the beginning tf the Cure of the Collick FIrst whilst the meat is yet in the crude gut I mean before it be digested A caveat and turned into excrement no loosing medicines are to be administred but rather a small and spare dyet and in the beginning to begin with mollifying glysters and then afterwards to proceed with more sharp and stronger But before all things if the Patient have a full stomack and withal queasie after a glyster then a vomit is principally Glysters and vomits to be administred Secondly Repletion or overfulnesse as well as too much fasting is to be avoided Thirdly no Agarick is to be used in any of your medicines for the Collick because that cleaveth to the guts and most bringeth terrible pain and tortions yet Stokinus a learned Germane Writer doth Beware of Agaricum highly extol the same to be put in Glysters to give it present ease Fourthly you must by cordials have a care to preserve the Liver Heart and Head least they be hurt or offended by the vapours and A caveat over-much heat of the oyntments cataplasms and fomentations which are usually applyed to the parts agrieved Fifthly in the beginning over vehement warmings are to be avoided A second caveat especially if the Collick proceed of the dry feces for thereby they be the more dryed Sixthly cold water is to be avoided and not any waies to be permitted to be used to quench thirst withal but rather let the patient use some stewed prunes Julip of Violets conserves and such like or a barly water with a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some licoras are good Specifical remedies Specifical things that cure the collick are very many as horse-dung drunk in wine hares-dung or hen-dung drunk in Oxicratium where such may be had Also the powder of Harts-horn corral cockel-shels burnt or swines hoofs burnt or Calcined till they be white and such like according to the diversity of the causes Further in the particular cures of this disease there are very many things observed by the learned Physitians according to the diversity of the causes which were too much to trouble the Chirurgions Mate withal at this present as the ayre dyet and divers other good helps to the cure of this grief which cannot be observed at sea onely fish and water-fouls are to be avoided as much as may be The Cure To cure the Collick which cometh by means of the feces remaining and being dried up which happeneth most commonly at the sea in long voyages and especially in hot countries there are three sundry intentions to be observed The first to mollifie the feces and supple the guts Secondly in Evacuating to discharge the belly Thirdly to remove or take away the cause of exsiccation or drying up of the feces or excrements The first is performed with glysters made of common oyl or butter with the decoction of Mallows Violets Beets c and by drinking oyl of sweet almonds or a decoction of Polypodium The second thing which doth bring forth the mollified feces or excrements is Cassia fistula or Manna or Diaphenicon or Hiera or sharp glysters The third intention curative if it could be attained to at Sea were to remove first the external causes of the disease as over-warm ayre over-salted dry meats and small quantity of food fasting watching melancholy and the like inwardly to help the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty with Treakle Mithridate Conserva rosarum or the like cordial helps helping also the expulsive faculty with glysters and such like good things For further inward remedies you may use the aforesaid glysters or half a drachme or Ê’j of Sulphur vivum drunk in warm wine and the belly well covered with warm clothes helpeth somewhat Item Carraway seeds made warm in wine but not boyled therein being drunk helpeth Item a glyster made of Sope and Honey is a present remedy Item a bag stuffed with bran and made very warm sprinkled a little with vineger and applyed to the belly is good Item Goats milk or other milk boyled with honey and applyed to the belly with a spunge or cloth warm in manner of a foment healeth the Collick and driveth away worms and ceaseth the pain Item the gall of a bullock Salgem Aloes common oyl ana partes equales mingle them and make an oyntment thereof wherewith annoint the fundament before the fire that looseth the belly and bringeth forth the hard feces Tenasmus The definition of Tenasmus TEnasmus or Tenasmus as Hippocrates calleth in his sixth Aphorisme and in the seventh book is a disease of extention or straining out of the right gut called intestinum rectum being oppilate or stopped and of some English writers it is called Costivenesse This disease as Galen saith in his second book De methodo medendi is when a man hath an extraordinary provocation lust or desire and a vehement straining to go to the stool but cannot void any thing at all except sometimes some small quantity of slymy matter which now and then is mixed with blood or a bloody substance and the extraordinary desire of emptying or going to the stool ceasing The causes of Tenasmus outward and inward Outward as Cold. Heat Drought A corrupt asire Bathing in cold wâ—ter Necrotical ointments Inwardly as salt humours
This disease preceedeth of divers causes and accidents both outwardly and inwardly Outwardly by cold coming accidentally to the hinder parts arsegut as the long sitting upon a cold stone upon iron a boord upon the cold ground or any hard thing whereby the Sphincture or round muscle compassing the straight gut is pressed or bruised It cometh also by intemperate heat and drought and corruptnesse of the ayre and weather sometimes by long bathing in cold water and sometimes by much using narcotial oyntments and such like Also inwardly this disease proceedeth of salt biting humours abounding throughout the whole body of man also by means of some hot or cold impostume or after a Dysentery or Flux whereas some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in the right-gut yet unevacuated And sometimes too happeneth here in our Countrey as some English Writers affirm by little drinking of Beer or Ale and sometimes it cometh by drinking Too much drinking of wine Nature of Tenasmus too much wine and by eating of costive meates and superabundance of choler adust This disease is of the nature or disposition of a Dysentery or Flux but that the Dysentery paineth the Patient with greivous tortions through all the guts but Tenasmus paineth the Patient usually in the right gut onely as appeareth by Galen in his third book De causis Symptomat And Trajanus in his sixth Chapter and Gal. de causis sympt lib. 3. Trajan cap. 8. lib. 6. The signs of Tenasmus eighth book who affirmeth the same saying Tenasmus recti inteâ—tini est effectus c. The signs and tokens of this disease are chiefly to be known by the Patients relation of the temperature of the body slender diet and egestions whether it be hard or costive or else thin or liquid The pain described In Tenasmus the pain doth not ascend so high as the navel but is chiefly felt with heat pricking and burning with a desire of emptying in the end of the sphincture the excrements being of a yellowish colour Another sign in young men like their starching now adayes but in old persons the excrements are of a more pituos slimie and bloodie substance If the disease proceed of an Impostume the Patient will feel a continual pain and the more augmented and grievous when he goeth to the stool Prognistica Tenasmus after a Dysentery is most hard to be cured Necessary observations Tenasmus in a woman with child causeth oftentimes abortion sobbing vexing or the hickoke and is very pernitious and betokeneth much drynesse Tenasmus long continuing bringeth the Collica and Iliaca Passio or Swoonding and diseases of the head Tenasmus is not numbred amongst long nor sharp diseases for that it is soon cured and if the Patient do eat and drink well there is no danger The cure How to cure Tenasmus proceeding from cold Tenasmus is cured by taking away the causes thereof from whence it doth proceed as if it come by outward cold then let there be applyed to the Ose pecken and hippes warm resolving fomentations and applications as bags of millium with salt being rosted or fried or sacks with bran sodden in wine or water and so applyed as hot as may be suffered and the fundament and parts anointed with oyles of Rew Lillies Bayes Vnguentum martiatum and such like Alexander in his sixth Chap. and eight book saith Tenasmus is cured with foments of Fenigreek and the roots of Altheae being boyled and injected into the belly and also the Patients hinder parts well suffumigated with the same decoction the Patient being compassed about close with clothes and so set over it and then the fundament afterward annointed with oyl of Roses fresh butter or goose grease with wax dissolved Bears and Capons grease and such like Item A fume of Frankencence and pitch being cast upon burning coales and the Patient set close over the fume helpeth presently Item To give present ease to that pain let two bags be filled with wheaten-bran and steeped in boyling vineger and the Patient to sit thereon so hot as may be suffered and to change them continually as the one cooleth to take another Note that in this disease of Tenasmus no cold things are to be applyed A special instruction in administring a glyster for Tenasmus at all Item such glysters as are used in this disease should not exceed half a pound and the glyster-pipe to be put into the gut not above two fingers bredth at the most in length within the gut Concerning exitus vel progressus vel procidentia Aâ—i in English the falling of the fundament THis disease for the most part is accidental to our Nation in hot countries and that chiefly after or in the time of a great flux of blood or humours although it is manifest it also happeneth in all Children more subject to this disease then old people countries and places both to young and old but chiefly to children upon divers several occasions which I list not here to amplifie having no intent to set out my work in painted phrases for I would onely arm the Chirurgions Mate how to proceed in the cure thereof at Sea and yet I know the same will take good effect also at land where that disease happeneth The Causes Causes of the falling of the fundament THe causes of this grief are too many to be named the sign thereof is manifest that it is a resolution or a relaxation of the muscles of those parts whereby the gut slippeth or slideth down lower then the natural place thereof namely out of the body The cure of this grief is for the most part short and likewise if the Patient at Sea be careful and go not out to the shrowds or Beak-head of the ship to stool neither in going force the expulsive vertue of his body over much it will not easily fall down again The Cure It is cured as followeth namely at the first going out use no other remedy then a warm soft clout and thy hands and gently return it into his due place and let the party after it is reduced sit on a hot board or have a very hot napkin doubled and applied to his fundament and another to his belly but whereas this disease for the The cure if it proceed of the fluxes of the belly most part proceedeth from the fluxes of the belly in such cases you must proceed to the cure of such fluxes of the belly and that effected you shall hear no more of this accident but if it usually fall out it is The cure if it useth often to fall down the more dangerous then you may proceed as followeth set the party over a close stoole and fume the place as warm as he can suffer it with a fume of Thus Mastick amber rosin or pitch or any one of these and being fumed well and very warm bestrew the gut fallen down with Album Gracum well powdered and fine for this is precious though
with the Quick-silver which Quic-silver flieth up to the top of the helm or head of the Still together with the spirits of salt leaving the substance of the salt as also the Colcother in the The subtile quality of Quick-silver bottome of the glasse which is thereby said to be sublimed yet neverthelesse though it seem easily to be made let none attempt to make this medicine without good direction or experience for there is no small danger in the working thereof and yet it is a good medicine well used and hath much helped the Surgeon in the outward cures of desperate diseases as namely fistulaes and rebellious ulcers Of Precipitate How Precipitate is made PRecipitate is also Quick-silver distilled in Aqua fortis which by reason of the strong spirits contained in the violent and fierce vapors of the Aqua fortis or strong water it is coloured red or glistering or yellowish as experience sheweth the vapors proceeding from this kind of preparation are also dangerous and so are the medicines made therewith being often without due respect admiÌ„nistred yea â„¥ j. of Praecipitate one dosse often Pilâ— wise by Eâ—peâ—icks And again some others which would be esteemed more excellent for invention have this medicine a little removed And then they style it Turâ—â—th mineral attributing thereto the perfect cure of the Pox perswading themselves none can do like wonders to themselves but they are children in understanding and know iâ— not onely they are opinionated and The subtilty of Mercury bold and more often kill or spoil then heal as their consciences know for mercury is a fox and will be too crafty for fools yea and will oft leave them to their disgrace whâ—n they relying upon so uncertain a medicine promise health and in the stead of healing make their Patient worsethen before Of Sinabar Whereof Sinabrium is made and the use and abuse thereof SInabar which is used in fumes for the Pox is a deadly medicine made half of quick-silver and half of Brimstone by Art of fire I mean by distillation I know the abuse of these three recited medicines hath done unspeakable harm in the Common-wealth of England and daily doth more and more working the utter infamy and destruction of many an innocent man woman and child which I would my wits or diliÌ„gence knew to help for every horse-leech and bawd now upon each triâ—â—e will procure a Mercurial flux yea many a pitiful one whereby divers innocent people are dangerously deluded yea perpetually defamed and ruinated both of their good names goods healths and lives and that without remedy Me thinks I could spend much time if I had it even in setting down the good and bad things of quick-silver and yet I confess I am too weak to to describe the tenth part of his wonders In Laudem Mercurii OR IN PRAISE OF Quick-silver or Mercurie VVHereto shall I thy worth compare whose actions so admired are No medicine known is like to thee in strength in vertue and degree Thou to each Artist wise art found a secret rare ye safe and sound And valiantly thou plai'st thy part to cheerup many a doleful heart Yet makest thy patient seem like death with ugly 〈◊〉 with stinking breath But thou to health him soon restores although he have a thousand sores The perfect'st cure proceeds from thee for Pox for Gout for Leprosie For scabs for itch of any sort These cures with thee are but a sport Thou humors canst force to sublime and them throw down when thou seest time Yea from each end diseases flie when thou art prest thy force to try Sweat to provoke thou goest before and urine thou canst move good store To vomit for diversion best in purging down thou guid'st the rest Mans body dry thou canst humeckt performing it with respect And being too moyst thou mak'st it dry who can that secret cause descry Quid non men term thee wot's thou why thou canst be faithful yet wilt lye Thy temperament unequal strange is ever subject unto change For thou art moist all men may see and thou art dry in th' highest degree Thou' rt hot and cold even when thou please and at thy will giv'st pain in ease Yet thou hast faults for I dare say thou heal'st and kil'st men every day For which I will not thee excuse nor hold them wise that thee abuse But for my self I do protest as trusty friend within my brest Thy secrets rare most safe to hold esteeming them as finest gold And why thou art the Surgeons friend his work thou canst begin and end For tumours cure yea hot or cold thou art the best be it new or old For recent wounds who knoweth thee hath got a peerlesse mystery A Caustick thou art strong and sure what callous flesh can thee indure In maturation where 't is dew thou art the best I ever knew For repercussion thou win'st praise by dissolution thou giv'st ease What 's virulent thou do'st defie and sordid Ulcers dost descry Yea fistulaes profound and fell thou searchest out and curest well No ulcer can thy force indure for in digestion thou art sure Mundification comes from thee and incarnation thou hast free To sigillate thou do'st not fail and left strange symptoms should assail The grief late heal'd thou canst convay th' offending cause another way The Alchymist by Vulcan sought from volatile thee fixt t' have wrought But thou defiest his trumpery and changest him to beggery Had I but all thy healing Art it would so much advance my heart I should not doubt equal to be In wealth to Lords of high degree But from thy ve nemous vapours vile thy corrosive sting that bones defile Thy noysome savors full of pain God give me grace free to remain For when thou ragest Bird nor Tree nor fish nor fowl can withstand thee What mineral so stout can say she can withstand thy force one day In Saturns brest thou seem'st to dwell by Jupiter foyl thou dost excel Thou Lion-like surprisest Mars rich Sol thou mak'st as pale as ash Thou Venus beauty canst allay thou Hydrage dost Elipse Luna And though thou seem'st to wrong all six not one without thee can be fix Thou art their Mother so sayes Fame which gives them cause t' adore thy name Ready thou art as women be to help poor men in misery Humble to dust and ash at will water and oyl from thee men still Tost up and down in fire thou art yet subtil Mercurie plaies her part Meek as a Lamb manly cake soft as the Wool Tiger like Millions in one one in a Million Male and Female in thy pavillion Thou Hermaphrodite as Fathers know seeming solid truly not so Thou 'lt be in all none rests in thee thy boldnesse brings Calâ—mitie Thou Idoll of the Chymists old who shall thy secrets all unfold Swift is thy wing none can thee stay when thou seem'st dead thou' rt flown away If thou be in all things as men say daily
of the patient as if he had taken a dose of Diaphenicon or confectio Hamech with the usual additaments of decoctions or syrups thereunto as vehicles added Or that a dose of a Panchiagagon of 20. grains be not far more grateful to a sick stomack then an ounce of Diacatholicon de succ Rosarum Confectio Hamech or the like it being daily manifest that the very sight of large doses of medicines although good are nauseous and abhorred of the weak stomack yea that many Patients will endure the disease rather then the medicine whereas on the contrary true prepared Chymick medicines are not onely grateful to be received into the body but also as is said far excel the others in vertue and potent operation and whereas the Chirurgion cannot at all times advise with the learned Physician as fitting and most requisite he should in cases of Physick where such may be had for the health of his patient as namely the Chirurgion being at Sea and upon long Voiages or at land in the Camp or Countrey where learned advice cannot readily be had they have especial reason if they be men provident to be furnished with such medicines as are small of dose and light of portage being also such as do not putrifie nor in one year change their accustomed natures and vertues no nor in any Voiage how long soever all which Chymick medicaments do well perform yea though they be carried in ships and passe the line more then once Whereas few medicines made of Vegetables that are in common practise though sound from the Apothecaries shops will be found serviceable upon just occasion if they go but a six monethes voyage as daily experience sheweth and as the Reader may easily conceive wherefore then how needful precious and how truly valuable such medicines be let any indifferent person judge that being truly made duely administred and their doses and uses observed and known A further explanation of Alchymy containing a division of Natures whole works into three parts viz. Animal Vegetable and Mineral OSwaldus Crollius a learned writer as also Beguinus and divers others with him of that sort do affirm that tota natura inferior sub Sole in tres partes dividitur viz. Animalia Vegetabilia Mineralia The whole inferior work of Nature under the Sun is divided into these three principles viz. into Animal Vegetable and Mineral creatures The Animal Creatures are termed or said to be all whatsoever containeth life the Vegetable creatures are tearmed or meant to be all that which groweth And under the Mineral part is included all metals stones minerals and whatsoever it be that neither vegetateth upon the upper face of the earth nor liveth and from each of these three by learned Authors is taught and by experience is found out that there is again a threefold substance to be extracted and perfectly to be made apparent in every of these creatures and these threefold substances are called Sal Sulphur and Mercury and beginning with the last first their further definitions follow A brief definition of Mercury MErcury is a liquid substance sower or sharp volatile penetrable ayrie and most pure from which all nourishment proceedeth as also all sense motion strength and colour and the keeping back old age from man chiefly next the divine operations of God resteth therein and it agreeth well with the elements of aire and water for to the former it is subject upon every offered occasion to vanish into the soft aire to the latter in that it is very difficultly contained in any straight or certain bound but easily in a vaste or wide capacitie Likewise there are that define Mercury to be a liquid substance that is Eger Porous alwaies moveable often mutable and eaâ—ily penetrable and a body that is most pure and heavenly most subtile and of a lively and spiritual substance being the food of life and yet a shape that is also most mutable concerning his several shapes of all other creatures whereupon Phalopius tearmeth Mercury Miraculum naturae mundo The miracle of Nature in the world In which definition if the Reader may suppose I speak this of the vulgar Mercury viz. Quick-silver and the wonderful Imps of his production he takes me off too short by figure Wherefore I here conclude the definition of Mercury and passe to Sulphur A brief definition of Sulpur SVlphur by the ancient Writers is said to be the balsam of Nature it is sweet oyly and clammy preserving the natural heat of the body being the instrumental cause of all strength of all increasing or generation of all transmutation and the fountain and well-spring of all sents both sweet and stinking and it is compared unto fire by reason of the flame which it easily gathers as other gummy and oyly bodies do and this one thing is proper to it that it hath force of making fit and conglutinating the greatest contraries and Beguinus a famous late writer giveth an example thereof For saith he thou canâ—t never make a fit clay with water and fand unlesse thou mingle Lyme or some other conglutinating body with it so neither fleeting Mercury nor fixed Sal can by any means be forced into one substance and framed into one body but by a band and fetter of Sulphur which participates through the clammy and viscous substance thereof with both the natures of Sal and Mercury and so joyneth them into one to wit it maketh a true accord betwixt the drynesse of Sal and the moystnesse of Mercury by the thicknesse and viscousnesse of Sulphur and so conjoyneth them both joyntly into one body neither may this Sulphâ—r be taken to be meerly Brimstone but rather which in truth it is the fatty and combuftible parts of the body or substance from which it is drawn be it of what quality soever A brief definition of Salt SAlt hath a body that is drie savourie and bitter defending both the mixed and unmixed parts from putrefaction it exceedeth in the faculties of dissolving and discussing coagulating evacuating and scowring and yet from Salt is all the vertue of the two last recited principles borrowed with their tastes and infinite other excellent properties it have so as the analogie of it answereth the earth not because it is merely cold and drie for in truth Minerals generally have no certain temperaments nor can be confined truly under the attributes hot cold dry or moist for that a Mineral is an elementarie body that is of it self firm and fixed and therefore for his operative excellencie is unsearchable specifical and incomprehensible not to be limited or subjugated to any one temperament neither to be comprehended within humane capacitie This may seem unto the Reader but a strange Paradox except by a plainer definition it be explained as namely whether that the Salt here mentioned is â—eally Salt such as is commonly used for salting meat and also to declare that Sulphur is really Brimstone and that Mercury hath the name of Quick silver generally
it Solo visu interficit hominem onely by his sight killeth mankind but faith he with a limitation as not simply done Actualiter per se per speciâ—m visibilem not by the act it self and visible species of the creature but by reason of the aqueous and humid substance thereof Moreover the body of the Creature being as the Author affirmeth very porous and hollow there are sent out of it such vapours as infect the ayr which infected ayr so soon as it is drawn into mans body it doth immediately kill him in like manner this Monster in mankind the Plague killeth those whom it breatheth upon so that no man can account himself safe the disease proceeding from the influence of the Heavens as many of the most learned Writers testifie it doth so that by their great distemperatures the ayr being poysoned and infected which we are enforced to receive into the secret closets of our bodies which undoubtedly hath its original De Praescientia Dei What safety have we then or what can be a more fearful enemy to mankind then l estilential Vapours which seize upon mankind as a Thief and invade him at unawares which lurk in every corner of the house yea in his most secret chambers threatning to take away his life when he least mistrusts yea when he is in his quiet sleep as is said such is this horrid disease from the which God of his infinite Mercy deliver us and our land Of the parts of Mans body that this Disease chiefly invadeth Of the parts of man most subject to infection The parts of the body of man that this Disease chiefly delighteth to invade or seize upon are the three principall and most noble parts of man viz the Animal vital and the natural faculties which have their Three parts especially several seats in the brain the heart and the liver upon one or all these principal parts this infection useth to take hold and being on entred therein as it were in a moment of time it surpriseth subjugateth captivateth yea and triumpheth over the whole body of man and over all the faculties thereof to his utter ruine and destruction if God be not the more merciful unto him in his preservation and howsoever as it is said that the disease chiefly doth seize upon the three principal parts of mans body aforenamed yet having first so done it feareth not to shew his subtil fury all over the body and sets its mark every where without order or control Whether the Plague may be called a Feaver or not There hath been much dispute amongst ancient Writers whether the Plague be a Fever or no by reason of the subtility and unequality thereof but for what I can gather by my experience I am out of doubt The Plague a Fever that he which hath the plague is not without a Fever neither is he ever freed from the danger of that Fever untill one or more then one Crisis happen for untill either Botch Carbuncle Blayne or Spots called pestities do manifest themselves no just indication can be had what will become of the patient but that he is alwayes in expectation of Death the distemper continuing But if upon production of any the former Symptomes a digestion in nature follow as is said namely the Feaver cease the sicke person take moderate rest a Botch come to good suppuratiâ—n a Carbuncle to separation or a Blayne to yeeld his usâ—al â—nindigested quitture Symtones of recovery with mitigation of the dolour or that the Blaynes drying and withering by Gods mercy through cordial Diaphoreticks or the like that a chearfulnesse in the sicke appeare or but some one of these good signes shewing it selfe in a favourable manner there is great hope and the fear is almost past And let no man so much flatter himselfe in his owne coneir in the time of contagion when he perceiveth the ayre to be manifestly infected the disease being popular as to think with himselfe that because the Disease perhaps at the first beginneth slowly and the distemper yet dull and not much outwardly apparent upon the patient that he hath no feaver nor danger and that he may take time till the next day to consider wheather he will use remedies or no let no wise man so presume for I have seene very many strucken even at the heart when the disease could not be adjudged dangerous neither by the pulse urine nor any other certaine indicateon save onely by the complaint of the patient who under favour in that disease is not alwayes sensible of his own danger and againe how many have at the very first an apparent fierce Feaver which can no way be removed but by some of the former wayes of digestion or by Death whereby it is manifest the Plague is never without a Feaver and so all men will adjudge it that either have had it or that have followed the cure thereof in others Of the supernatural causes of this Disease The first cause Six The material causes thereof as is already declared are in part and in the prime place esteemed to be our sinnes which draw Gods wrath upon us as witnesse the Prophet Amos where he saith Shall there be evill in a City and the Lord hath not done it c. Whereby we may justly gather that when the Almighty will shew him selfe in his fury against dust and ashes he can put the Hoast of Heaven in his order to fight against us in which case we have no way to escape his judgment but by Prayer or unfained Repentance and as for all other natural or efficient causes they have as their subordinated dependances and effects from the former and are constellated put on and put off by Divine Providence viz. ex Praescientia Dei By the fore-knowledge of God Nam astraregunt homines regit astra Deus As the Poets say and the very Heathens conclude no lesse that the starres govern mans body and God governs the starres and also experience tells us that when any of the foure seasons of the yeare prove unnatural mens bodies accordingly become unnatural as sometimes by pestilential diseases wherefore to multiply words further of the primitive causes of this disease were but to detract good time and the truth thereof is manifest to all men in that this furious disease as it were disdaines any generall Method or order of cure after mans intention as it is said when it is in Rage Quicquid facimus mortale genus Quicquid patimur venit ab altâ— Which may be thus Englished That whatsover man doth or whatsoever man suffereth all proceedeth from above Of the natural causes of the Plagues by the judgment of the most ancient and moderne Writers The terrestrial causes thereof are by common consent of most writers as followeth Venemous and stincking vapors arising from Fens The causes of the Plague standing ponds or pooles Ditches Lakes Dunghils Sinckes Channels Vaults or the like as also uncleane
preservative Medicines inwardly to be taken THe several Medicines in this Treatise to be taken into the body for preservatives are also Cordials being indeed such Cordials as have vertue to open the pores of the body and by sweating to give breathing to nature and thereby to defend mans body from Contagion being such also as heretofore have been prescribed to be taken by men of the best judgments in Physick for the defending curing and driving out the disease from the principal parts Sweating Medicâ—â—es the best by sweat for without all doubt no Medicine can be generally so safe for the first intention and entrance upon this cure of the plague as is a true Diaphoretick or sweat-provoking Cordial Medicine whether it be taken by way of a Preservative or as a curative Medicine as ancient Writers testifie Galen's Opinion of Diaphoretick Medicines And namely Galen the Prince of Physicians attributeth unto Antidotes the whole Cure of the disease of the Plague and by Antidotes he meaneth Medicines Cordial and Preservatives such as by opening the pores provoke sweat But as there is no general rule but may admit an exception even so this excellent course may not be alwayes safe and warrantable at the first in respect of the wonderful varieties this fearful disease produceth as well in the beginning as in the progresse thereof Sweating sometime to be â—â—itted For it may upon occasion as of fulnesse or of obstructions of the body so come to passe that evacuation general or particular must as in due course precede either by Blood-letting Vomit Purging Glister or Suppository or some one or more of these I say where just cause is they may as of necessity precede for which cause it will ever be safe to use expert advice if such may be had onely remember by the way what is said of purging Medicines and their danger if first taken in the Cure of the Plague Here following I mean to set down several sorts of the chief of the compound Cordial Medicines mentioned in this Treatise following or otherwise in frequent use which are inwardly to be taken into the body to prevent the coming of the disease or being received by sweating best for the expelling of the Venome so received into the body with the dose orquantity reasonable of each of them to be taken by way of preservative to pre vent the disease before it cometh as also what quantity may be fitly taken for the safe provoking of sweat when any one feeleth himself evil disposed and vehemently suspecteth himself to be fallen or entring into the disease by any of the symptomes or signes before expressed or otherwise The chief Cordials in general use are these that follow Cordials against the Plague THeriac Andromach or the true Venice Treacle and not inferiour to it is Mithridate Democrat both of which are now truly made in London Also London Treacle is a very good Antidote or preservative well approved and Electuar dâ— Ovo or the Electuary of the Egge is also a very sure good Cordial also Theriaâ— Diatessar by the ancient Writers called the poor mans Treacle by my self much experienced and approved to be good all these and every of them in their natures either mixed or given each perse or by it self are very good being Diaphoreticks or Medicines provoking sweat more or lesse and thereby opening obstructions and by evaporation expurging venom and refreshing nature and so by consequent curing the Plague Purgatives usefull Hereunto may also be well added some appropriate purgatives to be taken both as preservatives and as curatives where just occasion is namely Pilul Pestilentiales Râ—ffi Pil. Praeservan t Joh. Bahini one dram of any one of them for a purge is a just quantity for an able body and he or she may safely take it any time either at night or morning when there is just reason and for the dose or quantity by way of preservative to be taken at one time is one pill about the bignesse of a Pease or in weight about 12. or 14. grains or at the most 20. gr which is termed a scruple once in a day or once in two or three dayes either at evening or in the morning but I conceive it is best to bed-ward and he or she who taketh it ought to observe that if it make him or her have but one loose stool it is sufficient Much laxâ—ty unsafe For it is not safe for any person to keep his body loose alwayes in times of general infection or contagion for that that is recited elsewhere for where emptinesse is evil vapours have place of entrance Also as touching the first of the forenamed Cordials one dramme for a Dose and namely of Andremach Treacle or Venice Treacle and a like Dose of any the other three specâ—fied Preservatives to be taken by way of a Curative course but by way of a Preservative at any one time for a strong body 20 grains may suffice and may be taken without offence which is one scruple or a lesse quantity to a weaker body and to a strong body infected to provoke him to sweat Ê’ j. and se or Ê’ ij by a strong man of any of them either in Cordiall waters or Wine as is said may be safely received into the body Except of the Electuary of the Egge the Dose whereof is one Drach at the utmost And whereas divers Writers prescribe such Antidotes to be taken in distilled waters as of Carduus Angelica Dragon-water or the like which in time of contagion are not onely scarce but fraudulent and seldom or by few truly made But yet I' must say being truly How to administer preservatives made they do excell many other Liquors Yet for reasons aforesaid in their wants I hold it safe to administer Mithridate London Treacle or Diatessaroâ— or any such Medicine in good French Wine and sometimes in Spanish Wine if the disease begin cold or in posset-drink made with wine or without wine as reason shall guide And note that it would ever be fittest to give these Medicines or any of them in the most cordial Liquors that may be had but if the sick will as willingly take them in a Bolus I mean in a lump namely as it is of it self he may safely do it yet if the stomach of the sick will not so admit of it then it may not be amisse to give him a draught of warm posset drink made with Carduus Benedictus Burrage or Buglosse or Sorrel water and a little Sugar boyled therein or in want of those herbs a plain posset and three spoonfuls of Spanish wine added thereto where the Artist shall see it so necessary which may time enough be added when the Posset is taken from the fire if the Patient be taken cold as is said but if the Disease begin burning then let Sorrel or Violet leaves or Strawberry leaves or some other cordial roots Herbs or Flowers as is already rehearsed be put
incommodi quam commodi adferunt Huc accidit quod Cathartica hujusmodi Medicamenta quae fortia acuta sunt per se venenosa censentur non est autem venenum veneno apponendum omne enim tale addituns suo tali ut est communis Regula facit illud magis tale Major probatur ex Joh. Mesue de consolatione Medicinarum â—bi inquit Omnis Medicina laxativa est de genere venenosarum rerum cujus excessum Natura non patitur nullo propterea Cathartico Pestis tempore corpora vacuanda sunt Quandoquidem Medicus pro suo officio doctrina quam profitetur minister custos imitator Naturae dicitur Natura autâ—m in Peste à Centro ad superficiem conatur veâ—â—num pellere ergo Medicus riâ—e imitatur Naturae ductum juxtâ— Aphorism Hippocrat Libr. 21. Aphorism 1. Quo Naturae vergit ad loca conferentia eo ducere oportet c. Et quia Cathartica innata sua vi crudelitate Naturam regetivam totius corporis prosternunt qua ob Pest is quoque acuitatem impetum languida infirma est virtus vero hoc tâ—mpore conservanda qua prestrata periclitatur aeger ergo nullum Pharmacum dandum est The precedent Caveat touching purging Medicines Englished is in effect as followeth ONe Petrus Sibyllenius a learned Physician of his time in his Treatise De Peste doth write touching the use of Catharticke or purging Medicines in the case of the Plague as followeth and reciteth his reasons and authority for the same in these words Solutives forbidden in the cure of the Plague Concerning the opinion which some Physicians hold that solutive and purging Medicaments are convenient in the beginning of this most sharp sicknesse the Plague and that the venemous humour is to be driven out of the bodies infected with the Plague by their force and heat The censures of Galen and Avicen by strong arguments are repugnant to their opinions And Hippocrates confirmeth their anthorities in his L b. 4. de Dieta or of Diet which is to be used in sharp sicknesses where he saith when in any sharp sicknesse the opening of a Vein or solutive Medicaments are necessary the Vein is first to be opened And Avensoar in the Lib. 3. de Theisir saith before But in our Climate that Rule is not in gâ—â—â—ral gâ—od but is list to fit occasion and due time any purgation be he would advise that a general evacuation might be made meaning that letting blood is fit to be done And because saith he the use of laxative and purging Medicaments are ill hurtfull and dangerous to the body by reason of many evident cases therefore he likewise condemneth the errour of the unlearned and barbarous Physicians and Mountebanks of his times which would drive away the cause of the disease by violent purging Medicines as namely with Mercurius praecipitate which red powder they call falsly a precious Cathartick or purging Medicine which having a great force of heat in them they do draw forcibly and swiftly both the blood and humours which are in the Veines and do drive them out to the prejudice of Nature by which commission Nature which governeth the body is disabled stupified and beaten down in her endeavour touching her Crisis her working and contending with the poysonous vapours so as for the most part it hapneth that thereupon proceedeth a symptomatical expulsion which is not far from death it self And therefore such Medicines are not fit to be used in the beginning of the sicknesse namely the Plague Moreover all purging Medicaments draw the humours to the inward parts that is from the superficies or outward parts to the centre of the body which is the heart and the effects follow deadly for in venemous diseases the venomeought to be driven from the centre to the outwards therefore Cathartick or purging Medicines being ministred in the beginning of this sicknesse do more hurt then good And in this further is to be added that such purging Medicines as are so strong and sharp are esteemed to be venemous of themselves and there is no venome or poyson to be put to poyson for every such thing as is added to his like as the general Rule saith maketh that more such The Major is proved by Joh. Mesues de consolatione Medicinarum where he saith that all laxative Medicines are of the sort of venemous things whose excesse nature cannot endure therefore in time of the Plague the diseased bodies are not to be made empty by purgations The Office of a Physician seeing that a Physician is called by reason of his office and Learning which he professeth a Minister a keeper and an imitator of Nature The help of Nature in the Plague Nature in the Plague endeavours as much as in her is to expel the venome to the superficies of the body Therefore a Physician ought to follow the tract of Nature according to the Aphorisme of Hippocrates 21. Lib. 1. Aphoris Where Nature aymes his course thither it behoves the Physician to intend his Artificial help A reason of the danger of laxative Medicines And because Cathartick means by their innate force and cruelty do overthrow Nature the ruler of the whole body which also is made weak by reason of the sharpnesse and force of the Plague Nature is to be preserved and no laxative Medicine to be given Of variety of particulars for Brothes to be made for the sick according to mens several abilities or necessities and as the time and place hath to be added more or in part forborn upon each just occasion Of herbs convenient for Brothes ANd first for herbs fittest to be used in Brothes in this disease they are Buglosse Borage Endive Succory Strawberry leaves Marigolds Parsely Betony Violet leaves Sorrel Wood-Sorrel Plantane any of these are very good and so is Rosemary and Tyme so that you take not too much of any of them remembring also for the seasoning and relishing of Brothes as also for Sawce you may safely make use of Sugar Cynamon Currants Citrons Oranges Limons juice of Limons ripe and unripe Grapes preserved Barberries Cherries and Prunes Wine Vineger Verjuice Mace Cloves Nutmegs Saffron and Wine if occasion be to refresh the spirits for as I have said I esteem it far above any the simple waters of hearbs for a Vehicle in the disease of the Plague Necessary meats to be boyled in Broth. Also you may make your Brothes either of a Cock orrather of a Cock Chicken or of Mutton or Veal or for the meaner sort of what else their means will reach unto for many things that be held unsavoury nauseous yea and dangerous to the dainty are found to be very conveniene wholesome comfortable and precious to the poorer sort as Garlick Leekes Onions Chyves Wormwood Centory Angelica Bay-berries Gentian and divers others whose tastes are harsh A Cordial Drink to cool and contemperate the blood being a China broth if the Patient please to be
proceeded by inanition that case is pitiful and the cure very doubtful but neverthelesse where it so falleth out all nutritive and comfortative remedies are to be appointed as namely if it proceed of cold either in frost or by want of due and sufficient food consideration is to be had by adding warmth of food and rayment with cordial and comfortive remedies also the Artist must truly inform himself whether this disease be a Gangrene or a Sphacelus whether a partial or a total privation and mortification with the utter losse of the sense of the fleshy and nervous parts and if he find sense in the parts there is life and hope Rulis to be observed if the Gangrene is caused by venomous diseases But suppose a Gangrene proceeds of a venomous cause as many times it doth and namely in time of contagion as of Carbuncles in the Plague the small Pox or by other malignant Feavers when as the Artist may neither purge his Patient nor open a vein safely but with fear except he may be well warranted either by good and grave advice of the expert where such may be had in want of which the Artist ought to search by authority of the most ancient Writers that he can come at for the avoiding of the eminent danger of death to ensue upon his Patient and to go warily in the want of better advice What to be observed if it be caused by fulnessâ— viz. If the grief proceed of fulnesse which seldome it doth at Sea or in Camps then his first rule in Art must be as is said that a thin dyet and cooling be prescribed his Patient and that he be admitted no wine nor strong drink also that he may be appointed some cooling Julep to be made him namely if the Patient be in Ship or Camp he is there confined and constrained to the Surgeons Chest and then let the Surgeon examine his provisions and if he find he have any cooling waters and Syrups fitting thereunto he may proceed to take as followeth A receit to be administred to the Gangrenated â„ž Aq. Lactuc Acetos Endiviae Buglos Borag Frag. Plantag Lujulae or some one or more of the most fitting aforesaid waters viz. â„ž Aq. Lujula 2 l. Syr. Limon vel Violar â„¥ ij Ol. Vuriâ—l gut 12. The Dose of it Misce give the Patient every two or three hours two or three spoonfuls hereof the glasse being ever shaken when it is poured out and if he hath not been at stool that day in which he is to take the Julep you may give him a Supposiâ—ory and having had one stool give him a The Receit of a Diaphoretick Diaphoretick viz. â„ž Aurum vitae gr 8. or Mithridat Ê’ 1. Elect. de Ovo ℈ 1. Confect Alcherm ℈ ss Ol. Vitriol gut 4. in Aq. Borag Lujulae Acetes vel Buglos viz. of any one of these â„¥ 4. with Syr. Limon Citri Lujulae The order of the applying of it Violar or some of them Misce fiat haustus give it the Patient being laid warm in bed and cover him warm and provoke him to sweat gently and as you find his strength continue his sweating for an hour two hours or more which done keep him in a moysture one other hour at the least which ended let him cool and dry paulatim and warily and having so done and refreshed himself till four or five hours ended then you may if you see cause give him the like Cordial again and proceed again as before to sweat him the second time and give him 8. grains of Aurum vitae â—or a Diaphoretick which done you may then admit him rest and respite again for a fitting time wherein you may advise what further is requâ—site to be done in which time not omitting in any case both before his laying down to sweat and after as also betwixt his sweating ever to apply all fitting topical helps viz. by scarifications and hot fomentations of some good lixivium such as aftrr the taking off members in the mortified place hereafter are described Thus much in brief of the Gangrena A Definition of Sphacelus and the cure thereof from some ancient Writers to shew the Reader their opinions and judgments thereof for that some Artists have grounded their judgments that their relations are according to good practice and therefore are to be imitated A Sphacelus saith Falopius and likewise Fabritius is an affect of a part already utterly mortified and therefore not to be cured but by amputation that the whole body come not to corruption thereby Extremum genus morbi requirit extrema remedia and this abscission is not done without great danger of death for often even in the instant act of amputation the Patient dyeth by the profusion of blood and spirits wherefore the strength of the sick is to be considered and Cornelius Celsus alledgeth Cap. 25. The opinion of Celsus concerning Sphacelus lib. 5. that in his time they used to take off the Sphacelated member by cutting the flesh round about unto the bone in the whole part near the rotten or sphacelated part and cutting ever in the live flesh not leaving any of the mortified flesh untaken away further Celsus say Another way of amputation they doth admonish us in this work that the skin and also the flesh be brought and drawn upwards that the bone may be the better covered by some of the said part in the healing of the stump but the same Authour confesseth also that by such abscission causing exceeding pain with over-large effusion of blood and spirits death usually followeth therefore to avoid hemorrage they must presently use actual Cauteries to burn the parts adjacent in which may be conjectured how cruel that course is to the Patient and uncomfortable and prepare the upper part thick enough to be a firm cover to the vessels But after himself not approving that course he saith that he took another way of curing which as he said happily succeeded by which work no profusion of blood hapned because no blood floweth from a mortified part neither is grief moved therein but lest the corruption should spread it self further saith the said Authour I burned the putrefied part remaining every where with red-hot Irons that were heavy and well burnt untill the Patient did feel the heat of the fire and that he suffered some small pain and the rather they did it they write because the same operation is very profitable and therefore burned ever some of the sound flesh also because the putrefaction is best to be drawn out by a red-hot Iron as I suppose saith he which is apparent to the eye for the humours are apparently seen to boyl about the Iron and likewise the weaknesse of the parts considered by burning it is fortified the adjacent parts being freed from many noxious humours thereby so that the weak part receiveth strength and within a few dayes begins to separate the living from the dead part and
death waiteth at the dore The third pleadeth in this manner following and saith the former The third supposition answered supposition granted yet for my patient although his wounds received be desperate as formerly is suggested it would be held great rashnesse and unadvised cruelty in me if I should but offer to take off this member especially in the wounded part yeâ— or elsewhere at the least before it be brought to digestion wherefore I hold it my safest way to follow a rational method by joyning the parts fitting to be joyned as aforesaid and to proceed in the cure the which if by Art I could effect I should rejoyce though my patient were left with an unprofitable limb but if the hope of healing came short then I should hold it fit if it must be taken off to do it in a sound part and not in a putrid according to the now general practice in that kind which is warrantable But yet let the The resolution young Artist take this note from me that when he apparently seeth that a limb cannot be saved without amputation that whilest his patient is yet in strength as afore is expressed that he do his duty first to shew the patient his opinion grounded upon Art and good reason and if his patient give way to it then in the Name of God the sooner he taketh it off he better but if the patient do not approve of the motion good reasons tbeing given him the errour rests in him but if he consent to the work let him take it off in the wounded part although it be not wholly gangrenated circular regarding that memorable old verse Principiis obsta serò medicina paratur Quum mata per longas invaluere moras And further let the understanding Artist consider as followeth that if the bullet have taken away one full third part of a legge or arm in the circumference thereof with the breach of both the bones the great contusion and laceration considered with also the losse of blood and spirits thereby happening it may be feared justly that the limb although the party live will hardly or never be saved but howsoever it will be no way serviceable being done by a contused wound lacerated so that if ever it be healed the wound must come to suppuration and thereby to digestion so that by that reason some part more will be spent and lost by quitture and by consequent if by the part taken away the part contused so fall out that the half limb with the office and vigour thereof be lost or come away by the just course of Art in the healing scarce one often scape with life by reason of the pain and great expence of blood and spirits incident as is said and by reason of the long continuance of the griefe so that it falleth out that for the most part Nature is tyred out and the Patient dyeth in Marasmus or hecticke and such an end is more to be feared at Sea where want of fitting nourishment is then at Land So much I held fit to expresse of my experience and opinion for young Artists to ruminate on And now forward again to my yet unfinished scope of dismembring in the mortified part in the prosecution whereof let me as by the way yet again put the Reader in mind once more of the old document or phrase viz. That there is no general rule but may admit an exception even so in this case there are divers times places and causes Amputation in a mortâ—fied part in some casâ—s forbidden wherein amputation in a mortified part is utterly forbidden as namely the Patient being in a violent Feavour or in a Delirium for one case and yet even then neither is it wholly desperate and so to be utterly inhibited but onely during that paroxisme for if by Gods mercy through the help of the expert Surgeon or Physician the prefent fit I mean the Delirium be but removed and the Feavour taken away if there be any way to save the life of the Patient such amputation I mean in the mortified part is in my opinion the most safe easie and rational way being of all other the most likely way to preserve the life of the Patient for by that the Artist without pain or effusion of the blood may ipso facto remove impurum à puro the putrid from the sound and utterly alter the so much imagineâ— or suggested corrosion or venomous quality thereof so as justly it may be said then it is in this effected Causa ablata est ergo tollitur effectus the cause is taken away and therefore the effect ceaseth A second inhibition Another inhibition is when an amputation is to be done and there is no mortified place to do it in which in the most happeneth and then in such a case the Reader will grant the expert Surgeon is freely admitted to chuse his place so that he chuse it secundum Artem according to Art and so proceed and such occasions are very frequent as namely for one when the occasions of dismembring proceed from corrosive putrid or fistulous Ulcers in Joynts or by foul bones or by fractured bones or by dislocated bones or members distorted or otherwise by diseases incurable and unsufferable when and whereas no mortified place can fitting be found the Surgeon then must be left to take the convenientest whole place A third inhibition Another inhibition generally is when an occasion hapneth in a putrid body where Gangrenous and livid spots or otherwise discoloured spots happen here and there to and fro upon the body presaging a hidden and venomous humour or violence or otherwise deficiency in Nature from within him Gangrenes do proceed de abdita causa Naturae by occult causes in Nature or when a dissolution in the harmony of Nature manifestly appeareth to be at hand or when Pestilential or Carbunculous spots happen upon a Patient which many times mortifie even to the bone and yet such Pestilential Gangrenous spots after separate of themselves and the Patient liveth and is healed for that often in such cases the patients receive an ordinary Cure which my eyes have seen more then one so escape and cured in the Plague time and many other occasions may hinder such amputations which are not now in the apprehension of my memory to unfold Onely I desire that younger Artists would observe to hold the general rule in wounds made with Gun-shot formerly touched namely that they foresee where they cannot save a Limb to be serviceable that they with the approbation of the Patient and likewise by Advice for younger Artists in the cure of Gun-shot by amputation good advice they take it away in time whilest Nature is in her strength and if they have a fit mortified place then to do it there if possibly they can and the rather because there the work is in part done to their hand not regarding though the stump fall out somewhat too long for
in a Coperas water and let it dry again and lay that lint drie upon the proud flesh sometimes for a dressing or two and then againe to your former method doubt not but it will without pain verie well cicatrize any new wound I write this for that by the unskillfulness yea Surgeons wilfulness as well as unskilfulnes blame-worthy and sometimes by the idleness of evill minded and base Empericks I have seen men lamed by the needless use of caustick medicines even in slight wounds to which if an old wife had openly applied her one salve for all sores no such thing had happened yet I am not so simple to denie the just use of such noble medicines in wounds ulcers and fistulaes or otherwise where need is but I onely here advise the young Artist Note that he may not be too rash in the use of them and likewise doe advise him that having used them once he first pause again at the least eight dayes namely till the first Esker be fallen and certain daies after ere he use any caustick powder again for with the use of corroding medicines Two evils to be avoided one immediately after another many Ulcers are made more painfull and rebellious then they were and the bones sometimes made foule which were otherwise clean which fault is too frequent now adaies and amongst many grosse faults daily committed by unexpert Empericks this one is to be lamented namely the use of keeping open penetrating wounds too forcibly and too long by the use of hard tents armed with caustick powders whereby nature can make no true unition but is forced into much disorder which I wish young men to make a conscience of and to be carefull not to erre in that kind The Lavatorie This Instrument is set down else where Of the Uvula spoone THis Instrument is made to put pepper and salt in or fine bole pepper or salt or some other the like medicine and to hold the same right under the Uvula which is for to blow up into the concavitie behinde the same and no other great or especiall use I know it hath in Surgerie except it may be used to warm a medicine in Thus much of those necessaries which properly deserve the names of instruments in the Surgeons Chest Now a word or two of such other Appendixes which in their kind are as necessarie as the former The Cupping-glasses or Ventoses The use is divers THere are many necessarie works in Surgery performed by Cupping-glasses namely sometimes they are used to set upon a Bubo or botch to bring it forward and therein they are very good Sometimes also to set in the nodell and on the upper part of the shoulder-blades to draw back humours which oppresse the head the eyes or teeth or against Lethargie or on the thighes against aches or pains there or for the cure of the Sciatica they are very good or sometimes to draw bloud and spirits to The end why they are set without scarifying Why with scarifying a member withered or benummed in all these and divers more griefs the Cupping-glasses are very needfull Sometimes also they are set without scarifying onely to attract humours to the place Another time it may be in other cases they are used with scarifying to take away bloud and choler which offendeth the part Some set them on with The divers setting of them The best manner of setting them towe some with a small wax light set under them some onely with the flame of a great candle which my self use and is not offensive nor painfull at all whereas the other waies the flame excoriateth often the part and maketh new unseemly work for the better doing whereof I use to place my candle close to the place where the Cups should be set the place being first wet and rubbed well with hot water and a spunge and Note the Cupping-glasses also wet Hold your Cupping-glasses over the flame a little and then clap it quickly on the place whilest yet the steame of the light is in it and it will be fast and draw hard but you must have your Cups fit and not too wide for the place you would set them on or else they will not take any hold Further when you perceive they have drawn well which by the blackness and rising of the skin you may sasily Scarification must be light and sudden and with a Lanncet see then if you hold it fitting you may lightly and quickly scarifie it with a fine Launcet which truely is the best and profitablest instrument for that use and then wetting your Cupping-glasses againe with the flame onely of the candle set them on where they stood before setting When to take the cupping-glasses away What to be done after they be taken away Deep scarifying evil as many cups and drawing as much bloud as you see good and when no more bloud will come and that you thinke it time to take them away which is known by a yellow water which cometh at the last then I say it is time to wash the places with faire water where the cups stood and drie them with a spunge or cloth and onely anoint them with Ung. Album once and they will bee whole The overdeep scarifying it is not onely dangerous but also painfull and not art-like for if you note well the cutis it hath many capillar veines in it yea and some great veines and is porous so that the Artist may by force draw humiditie sufficient from farre if so occasion bee to use their utmost force Large and with cups are fittest on the thighes lesser on the arms and the least for the hands or feet Of tho Brasse Bason Friend learn good by ill I Have nothing to write concerning it but that at the least the Surgeons Mate have one if not two and if he finde no use for it let him sell it for good liquor at Bantham as a Surgeons Mate lately did one of mine Of the Blood Poringers The quantity of blood Imitation with out discretion is idle Blood poringers necessary BLood Poringers are necessary at Sea to be the more certain of the quantity of blood which is let for since the blood of man is so precious it is to be well weighed what quantity is taken And although the German Surgeons do ever let blood into a bason yet I hold it not good for the Surgeons Mate to imitate first except he be of good judgement indeed to judge of the quantity The blood Poringers which are made for that purpose being full hold just three ounces and The constitution of the body is to be regarded in Phlebotomy somewhat more For my own practice I hold this course if one chance to come to me of himself or by advice of a Physician to be let blood though he have a strong body I never take from him more then two poringers and a half at the most but often lesse If
the party be not strong except it be in case of a Pleurisie or some like urgent cause I take lesse For in that work except my reason give me good satisfaction to do the contrary I will rather offeud in too little then in too much Too little rather then too much blood is to be taken away taking of blood away for I have seen much hurt to have ensued by great quantity of blood taken away at one time 7. or 8. ounces I hold a strong body may bear to lose having good nourishment to recover it again and that without harm but if you grow to ten ounces you may many wayes do harm in the body except your warrant be good I speak not this to discourage young Surgeons from a work so behovefull but admonish them to warinesse in a point so dangerous Of the Dyet Pot. The use THe Dyet Pot is not alone to be used in cases of dyet drink seething for the pox and not otherwise for as a learned Doctor upon occasion lately reasoned there is difference betwixt the Dyet and a Dyet though in both kinds there is even Quot homines tot sententiae so many men so many minds Wherefore concerning descriptions of several Dyet drinks for the pox I will refer the Surgeons Mate to other Authors for in truth I must defer that point till fitter oppertunity I mean till I write touching the cure of that disease And yet methinks to speak somewhat A docoction for the Calenture of a drink is the case of the Calenture or any other unnatural hot fever to be made at Sea to qualifie the heat of the blood were not amisse which may be done as followeth â„ž French barley â„¥ iiij Fresh water 2. gallons Licorice â„¥ i. Cloves n o. 12. In want of Licorice tak juice of Licorice half an ounce In want of french barley take other barley or for a need wheat flower boyle this gently to 4. or 5. quarts then clear it and if it may be keep it not in How to keep it The composition of this drink if the heat be over great causeth head-ach The colour and taste of the drink is to be observed the brasse pot but in some earthen or glasse vessel and if the party his heat be great and have pain in his head add thereto so many drops of oyl or spirit of Vitriol as will a little change the tast and make it sowerish but not too tart in any wise and if into all his drink you put of Rose-water of wine-vinegar or Rose vinegar and Cinamon-water of each onely one spoonful if you have it it will do well to mend the tast if not the matter is not great let the Patient drink often hereof Further you The drink composed for a Laske may if you think good add surrupe or juice of Limons Ê’ 4. If it be for one which is loose in his belly you may infuse of your succus Acatiae herein some 2. or 3. Ê’ and being cleared let him drink of the drink plentifully as he hath thirst but you must cut your Acatiae first and dissolve it in a little of the drink warmed and so put it into the rest Also in want of Acatia if you put therein Galls in powder a little it will do well Of other necessaries THe next instruments in order to be remembred are these following viz. Skillet Chafing dish Glister pot Funnel Cups to give potions in One Board knife to spread plasters Morter and peâ—tel Weights and Scales Sives Searces Strayners Splents Junks Tape Towe Spunges Clouts Rowlers Gray paper White paper Empty pots and glasses Thred and Needles Wax Candles Lanthorne Tinder box furnished Inke and quills One close-stoole One bed pan One brasse paile 20 Well burned bricks Pipkins Empty baggs I shall not need to spend much time to set down the uses of all these necessary implements only two or three of the most needful to be noted I will remember and then to the uses of the medicines within the Chest Of Weight and Scales VVEights and Scales are necessary things often times lightly regarded and yet how many mens lives hang in the ballance it is plain enough For Sea-Surgeons familiarly give Stibium by the grain The use is divers namely from 4. to 8. grains yea and to 12. grains by your leave when in truth few of them have waights and Scales which can weigh one grain A great fault in weights and scales It is a dangerous thing for a Surgeon at Sea to be unprovided of neat weights and Scales which will turn with half a grain for how can they give either Laudanum Paracelsi Stibium or other Chimical medicines safely or almost any medicine inward without small weights and Scales Wherefore two pair of weights and Scales are very needful for the Surgeons Chest namely one for ounces and another for grains for larger Scales the ship is furnished It is also to be understood here for instruction of children in Art that xvi ounces make a A direction iâ— weights pound each ounce 8. drams each dram 3. scruples each scruple 20. grains for the grain a full barley corne will well serve or a good wheat corne though a large wheat corne be somewhat too big an ordinary pepper corn will also serve for a grain Of the Close-stoole with the Paile of Brasse and the Bricks ALthough I know before hand that I am to undergo many witty and Eloquent flouts from young gallants of my own profession for mentioning so base an instrument to belong to the Surgeons charge as this last mentioned Close-stoole with his appurtenances yet let them Mean things sometimes are of great moment know that neither can my book blush neither shall my self I hope have cause for I nothing doubt to yeeld each honest young Artist a sufficient reason for to satisfie him herein and in a word my reason for appointing to each ship bound for the East-Indies at the least one of these is because the bloody or other flixes are so dangerous diseases and so deadly amongst our men that I hold it my duty to advise even the good None worthy to be reputed â—rtists who disdain the meanest office of their profession use of a Close-stoole and I have caused the stoole to have one door on the one side that thereby either things to foment fumigate or otherwise to comfort the weak part might be the better applied the Patient sitting at his ease thereon The use of the Close-stool The need of it is great Also one especial reason why I have appointed it is that a poor weak man in his extremities should not continually go to the shrouds or beak-head to ease himself nor by noysome to his fellowes but might by the help of his Mate through this mean instrument find comfort in his most pitiful distresse whose miseries I heartily compassionate Wherefore I admonish the Surgeons Mate in general in the fear of God