the_o four_o first_o quality_n of_o heat_n cold_a drought_n and_o moisture_n whereon_o depend_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o disposition_n not_o only_o of_o the_o soil_n but_o also_o of_o man_n body_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o one_o ordinary_o borrow_v his_o fruitfulness_n or_o barrenness_n of_o these_o first_o quality_n and_o the_o other_o have_v his_o vital_a organ_n which_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o the_o soul_n much_o affect_v with_o they_o in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o philosopher_n have_v undertake_v to_o define_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o man_n wit_n and_o intellectual_a faculty_n out_o of_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o brain_n according_a to_o these_o four_o accident_n and_o what_o physician_n will_v not_o acknowledge_v all_o these_o quality_n and_o their_o mixture_n to_o challenge_v a_o extraordinary_a pre-eminence_n in_o the_o disposition_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n body_n who_o mixture_n be_v the_o first_o ground_n of_o health_n or_o sickness_n the_o second_o mean_n whereby_o the_o heaven_n may_v cause_v a_o diversity_n of_o temper_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v from_o the_o special_a influence_n of_o some_o particular_a star_n and_o constellation_n incident_a to_o particular_a place_n for_o it_o be_v blockish_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o various_a star_n of_o diverse_a colour_n and_o magnitude_n shall_v be_v set_v in_o the_o firmament_n to_o no_o other_o use_n then_o to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o world_n and_o distinguish_v the_o time_n since_o the_o ordinary_a physician_n can_v easy_o discover_v the_o moon_n influence_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o humour_n in_o man_n body_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o astrologer_n will_v warrant_v much_o more_o by_o their_o observation_n as_o assign_v to_o each_o particular_a aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o particular_a and_o special_a influence_n and_o operation_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n can_v point_v out_o and_o design_n all_o place_n alike_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o beam_n wherein_o it_o be_v convey_v be_v somewhere_o perpendicular_o other_o where_o oblique_o dart_v and_o that_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o neither_o all_o place_n can_v enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n nor_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o proportion_n yet_o we_o say_v not_o that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n have_v any_o power_n to_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n but_o only_o a_o inclination_n for_o the_o star_n work_v not_o immediate_o on_o the_o intellectual_a part_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n but_o mediate_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o temperament_n and_o material_a organ_n of_o the_o body_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v especial_o speak_v hereafter_o where_o god_n will_v shall_v be_v open_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o celestial_a operation_n by_o this_o we_o may_v understand_v how_o far_o the_o heaven_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v a_o diversity_n in_o place_n and_o nation_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o imbred_a quality_n figure_n and_o site_n of_o the_o place_n themselves_o for_o that_o there_o be_v another_o cause_n of_o diversity_n beside_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n may_v easy_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o experience_n for_o we_o find_v that_o place_n situate_v under_o the_o same_o latitude_n partake_v of_o a_o diverse_a and_o opposite_a temper_n and_o disposition_n as_o the_o middle_n of_o spain_n about_o toledo_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o the_o southermost_a bind_v of_o virginia_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v temperate_a betwixt_o both_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v under_o the_o selfsame_o latitude_n or_o very_o near_o without_o any_o sensible_a degree_n of_o difference_n also_o we_o sometime_o find_v place_n more_o southward_o towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o partake_v more_o of_o cold_a than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o northern_a as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o be_v perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v without_o question_n cold_a than_o england_n although_o they_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a likewise_o aluares_n report_v that_o he_o see_v ice_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyssine_n country_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v near_o or_o under_o the_o line_n and_o martin_n frobisher_n relate_v that_o he_o find_v the_o air_n about_o friezland_n more_o cold_a &_o stormy_a about_o 61_o degree_n then_o in_o other_o place_n near_o 70_o degree_n wherefore_o we_o must_v needs_o ascribe_v some_o effect_n and_o operation_n to_o the_o soil_n itself_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n which_o be_v diverse_o vary_v with_o wood_n rivers_n marsh_n rock_n mountain_n valley_n plain_n whence_o a_o double_a variety_n arise_v first_o of_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v diverse_o project_v according_a to_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o place_n second_o of_o meteor_n and_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n both_o which_o concur_v must_v needs_o cause_v a_o great_a variety_n in_o man_n disposition_n according_a to_o that_o proverb_n athenis_fw-la tenâ—e_fw-la coelum_fw-la thebis_fw-la crassum_fw-la or_o that_o bitter_a taunt_n of_o the_o poet_n on_o boeotian_n boeotum_fw-la in_o crasso_fw-la iurares_fw-la aëre_fw-la natum_fw-la for_o ordinary_a experience_n will_v often_o show_v that_o a_o thin_a and_o sharp_a air_n usual_o produce_v the_o best_a wit_n as_o contrariwise_o gross_a and_o thick_a vapour_n draw_v from_o muddy_a and_o marish_a ground_n thicken_v and_o stupefy_v the_o spirit_n and_o produce_v man_n common_o of_o blockish_a and_o hoggish_a disposition_n and_o nature_n unapt_a for_o learning_n and_o unfit_a for_o civil_a conversation_n second_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v to_o special_a country_n certain_a specifical_a quality_n which_o produce_v a_o certain_a sympathy_n or_o antipathy_n in_o respect_n of_o some_o thing_n or_o other_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o plant_n and_o herb_n which_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n spring_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o country_n be_v find_v to_o pine_v &_o wither_v in_o other_o some_o beast_n and_o serpent_n be_v in_o some_o place_n seldom_o know_v to_o breed_v or_o live_v wherewith_o notwithstanding_o other_o region_n swarm_v in_o abundance_n as_o for_o example_n ireland_n wherein_o no_o serpent_n or_o venomous_a worm_n have_v be_v know_v to_o live_v whereby_o africa_n and_o many_o other_o country_n find_v no_o small_a molestation_n neither_o be_v this_o variety_n only_o show_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o kind_n but_o also_o in_o the_o variation_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n whereof_o we_o may_v produce_v infinite_a example_n for_o who_o know_v not_o which_o be_v a_o physician_n that_o many_o simple_n apt_a for_o medicine_n grow_v in_o our_o land_n come_v far_o short_a in_o virtue_n of_o those_o which_o be_v gather_v in_o other_o country_n i_o need_v among_o many_o ordinary_a instance_n give_v no_o other_o than_o in_o our_o rhubarb_n and_o tobacco_n whereof_o the_o former_a grow_v in_o our_o country_n except_o in_o case_n of_o extremity_n be_v of_o no_o use_n with_o our_o physician_n the_o other_o as_o much_o scorn_v of_o our_o ordinary_a tobacconist_n yet_o both_o general_o derive_v from_o the_o true_a mother_n the_o indies_n in_o great_a use_n and_o request_n but_o of_o this_o last_o instance_n be_v most_o common_a and_o yet_o for_o their_o ignorance_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n most_o admirable_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a might_n in_o some_o sort_n be_v find_v out_o either_o in_o the_o heaven_n or_o in_o the_o elementary_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o some_o special_a propriety_n have_v discover_v themselves_o which_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o owe_v their_o cause_n to_o either_o but_o to_o some_o three_o original_a which_o the_o physician_n in_o their_o simple_n more_o proper_o term_n virtus_fw-la specifica_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v demand_v why_o country_n far_o from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v find_v hot_a than_o some_o which_o be_v near_a why_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n grape_n transport_v from_o germany_n into_o spain_n shall_v yield_v we_o the_o sherry_n sack_n every_o ordinary_a philosopher_n which_o have_v travel_v little_a beyond_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la will_v be_v ready_a to_o hammer_v out_o a_o cause_n as_o ascribe_v the_o former_a to_o the_o height_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o spain_n above_o that_o of_o germany_n but_o shall_v we_o far_o demand_v 1_o why_o ireland_n with_o some_o other_o region_n endure_v no_o venomous_a thing_n 2_o why_o wheat_n in_o s._n thomas_n island_n shall_v shut_v up_o all_o into_o the_o blade_n and_o never_o bear_v grain_n 3_o why_o in_o the_o same_o island_n no_o fruit_n which_o have_v any_o stone_n in_o
but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v noâ—_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vestâ—_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographieâ—_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o mouth_n be_v the_o place_n where_o any_o river_n find_v a_o passage_n our_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o another_o great_a river_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v term_v ostium_fw-la or_o a_o gate_n whence_o they_o call_v septem_fw-la ostia_fw-la nili_n which_o be_v seven_o mouth_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o mediterranean_a this_o give_v the_o name_n to_o many_o city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n as_o plymouth_n darâ—mouth_n portsmouth_n axmouth_n with_o many_o other_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o covet_v the_o low_a place_n the_o course_n of_o all_o river_n must_v needs_o be_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v the_o height_n of_o land_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o for_o every_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n glide_v forward_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v make_v a_o allowance_n of_o 2_o foot_n at_o least_o in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o although_o water_n will_v slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o water_n be_v wholesome_a and_o retain_v any_o reasonable_a swiftness_n of_o motion_n without_o this_o allowance_n hence_o we_o may_v probable_o find_v out_o the_o huge_a height_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o all_o the_o place_n in_o europe_n because_o out_o of_o they_o spring_v four_o great_a river_n which_o run_v four_o way_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a be_v the_o danow_n which_o receive_v into_o it_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o so_o disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n far_o remote_a and_o the_o rhine_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n many_o memorable_a matter_n may_v be_v speak_v all_o which_o we_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o generation_n and_o first_o original_a 2_o their_o appearance_n 3_o their_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n 4_o their_o virtue_n and_o effect_n all_o which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v in_o these_o theorem_n follow_v 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n the_o original_n of_o fountain_n and_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o of_o our_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v glance_v at_o probability_n and_o first_o set_v down_o other_o man_n opinion_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v certain_a vast_a concavity_n and_o cavern_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rainwater_n have_v give_v original_a to_o lake_n and_o fountain_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o fountain_n be_v perpetual_a because_o the_o rainwater_n receive_v into_o these_o cavern_n be_v extraordinary_a great_a be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v such_o spring_n of_o water_n until_o the_o
extreme_a or_o middle_a 6_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n be_v either_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a the_o former_a in_o the_o high_a hemisphere_n the_o other_o be_v the_o inhabitant_n thereunto_o opposite_a in_o the_o other_o hemisphere_n 7_o the_o middle_a inhabitant_n be_v such_o as_o be_v situate_a in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n in_o either_o hemisphere_n the_o mistake_n of_o the_o true_a limit_n of_o north_n and_o south_n in_o this_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n have_v cause_v great_a error_n among_o the_o ancient_n insomuch_o as_o hypocrates_n pronounce_v the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n to_o be_v of_o a_o lean_a &_o dry_a disposition_n of_o a_o small_a and_o dwarfish_a statuâ—e_n whereas_o either_o writer_n out_o of_o a_o good_a observation_n have_v find_v they_o to_o be_v of_o a_o tall_a stature_n big-boned_a &_o of_o a_o most_o able_a constitution_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o of_o the_o south_n to_o compose_v which_o difference_n 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which_o drive_v towards_o the_o north_n wax_v fat_a and_o prove_v well_o but_o towards_o the_o south_n they_o pine_v away_o and_o wax_v â—eane_a which_o may_v well_o be_v confirm_v out_o of_o leo_n afer_n who_o aver_v that_o almost_o throughout_o all_o africa_a you_o shall_v find_v fâ—w_o or_o no_o herd_n of_o cattle_n or_o horse_n few_o sheep_n and_o scarce_o any_o milk_n whereas_o each_o man_n table_n almost_o in_o germany_n and_o britaâ—ny_n can_v give_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o our_o country_n store_n in_o this_o kind_n hence_o may_v appear_v that_o as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n towards_o the_o equatour_n by_o draw_v out_o the_o internal_a heat_n and_o moisture_n cause_v man_n inward_o to_o be_v leave_v cold_a and_o â—ry_a so_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o internal_a moisture_n be_v prâ—seâ—â—ed_v from_o the_o excess_n of_o external_a heat_n and_o the_o internal_a heat_n be_v strengthen_v and_o thicken_v by_o external_a cold_n have_v leave_v unto_o they_o a_o
be_v never_o grant_v to_o have_v any_o being_n or_o existence_n much_o less_o any_o causality_n in_o nature_n some_o perhaps_o will_v say_v that_o not_o the_o vacuum_n itself_o but_o the_o evitation_n and_o avoid_v it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v interpret_v a_o cause_n but_o the_o doubt_n be_v not_o answer_v for_o we_o seek_v not_o a_o final_a but_o a_o efficient_a cause_n and_o a_o curious_a searcher_n into_o nature_n will_v hardly_o rest_v in_o a_o mere_a final_a cause_n for_o the_o final_a cause_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n precede_v the_o effect_n can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v conceive_v than_o in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n then_o must_v enquiry_n be_v make_v again_o what_o the_o agent_n shall_v be_v and_o so_o will_v the_o problem_n rest_v uncleer_v 1._o because_o one_o parcel_n of_o the_o air_n can_v not_o move_v another_o except_z the_o same_o be_v first_o move_v itself_o and_o so_o a_o new_a agent_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v find_v out_o 2_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o thing_n move_v or_o patient_a aught_o to_o be_v two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a body_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n meet_v together_o become_v one_o continuate_a body_n no_o shift_n be_v there_o leave_v for_o these_o philosopher_n but_o one_o distinction_n wherein_o they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o universal_a and_o special_a form_n the_o air_n as_o they_o affirm_v according_a to_o his_o special_a form_n ascend_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o by_o the_o universal_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n it_o may_v sometime_o suffer_v a_o contrary_a motion_n as_o to_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n in_o which_o distinction_n they_o suppose_v they_o have_v cut_v the_o throat_n of_o all_o contrary_a reason_n but_o who_o so_o understand_v himself_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o as_o a_o weak_a reed_n to_o hurt_v his_o hand_n which_o rest_v on_o it_o for_o a_o second_o enquiry_n will_v be_v make_v what_o this_o universal_a form_n shall_v be_v for_o by_o it_o they_o understand_v of_o necessity_n either_o a_o internal_a form_n or_o nature_n or_o a_o external_a resultancie_n and_o harmony_n of_o the_o part_n such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n if_o they_o understand_v this_o latter_a it_o can_v any_o way_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n because_o it_o follow_v and_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o motion_n concur_v with_o the_o rest_n and_o no_o way_n precede_v it_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n every_o cause_n be_v to_o go_v before_o his_o effect_n second_o this_o universal_a form_n or_o nature_n compare_v with_o the_o special_a there_o will_v arise_v a_o subordination_n and_o not_o a_o coordination_n or_o opposition_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o special_a be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o general_a or_o universal_a but_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effâ—â—ts_n but_o here_o we_o see_v the_o effect_n or_o motion_n to_o be_v quite_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o universal_a form_n be_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n ascribe_v to_o the_o special_a nature_n three_o these_o philosopher_n urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n to_o preserve_v the_o universe_n be_v much_o deceive_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o mean_n thereof_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o earthly_a and_o heavy_a body_n be_v direct_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o every_o such_o body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o seek_v first_o the_o safeguard_n and_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o secondary_o by_o the_o safeguard_n of_o itself_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o how_o can_v any_o part_n when_o it_o neglect_v its_o own_o safety_n endeavour_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a since_o the_o whole_a be_v but_o one_o compound_v of_o many_o part_n and_o therefore_o can_v it_o not_o be_v avoid_v but_o that_o the_o disorder_n and_o disharmony_n of_o one_o part_n shall_v prejudice_n and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a frame_n if_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o other_o part_n and_o grant_v this_o universal_a form_n to_o be_v internal_a many_o reason_n stand_v opposite_a for_o first_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v simple_a or_o compound_v it_o can_v be_v simple_a because_o it_o will_v always_o produce_v one_o simple_a and_o uniform_a effect_n but_o experience_n have_v tâ—ught_v the_o contrary_a because_o we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v the_o air_n to_o descend_v but_o sometime_o to_o move_v oblique_o to_o the_o left_a or_o right_a hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o as_o when_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o house_n by_o a_o door_n or_o window_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o can_v well_o be_v call_v a_o compound_n form_n because_o all_o form_n the_o more_o universal_a they_o be_v the_o more_o simple_a they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v because_o the_o special_a include_v more_o composition_n than_o the_o general_a moreover_o all_o compound_a substance_n arise_v out_o of_o simple_n which_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v first_o in_o nature_n second_o i_o will_v ask_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v una_fw-la numero_fw-la the_o self_n same_o individual_a in_o all_o the_o part_n and_o body_n or_o diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o say_a body_n it_o can_v be_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o in_o all_o body_n because_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n the_o whole_a universe_n be_v not_o one_o continuate_a body_n compose_v of_o essential_a part_n but_o rather_o a_o heap_n or_o mass_n collect_v and_o digest_v out_o of_o many_o body_n second_o the_o form_n be_v thus_o one_o individual_a will_v be_v singular_a or_o special_a not_o universal_a if_o they_o 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proper_a orb_n as_o for_o example_n to_o the_o space_n which_o by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n near_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o will_v here_o demand_v whether_o this_o portion_n of_o air_n thus_o transpose_v will_v ascend_v high_o or_o descend_v low_a or_o rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o can_v not_o ascend_v high_o first_o because_o in_o this_o wise_a it_o shall_v be_v move_v far_o out_o of_o his_o own_o place_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n all_o body_n transpose_v from_o their_o proper_a place_n have_v a_o aptness_n or_o inclination_n to_o return_v again_o to_o their_o proper_a seat_n and_o not_o to_o rove_v far_o off_o second_o this_o grant_v the_o air_n shall_v invade_v the_o place_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o the_o element_n shall_v suffer_v a_o confusion_n which_o aristotle_n hold_v absurd_a three_o there_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o that_o high_a orb_n any_o point_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v direct_v his_o motion_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n find_v or_o it_o must_v be_v very_o irregular_a if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o such_o a_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o separate_v shall_v descend_v i_o ask_v again_o whether_o they_o hold_v this_o motion_n natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v a_o violent_a motion_n because_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a and_o proper_a place_n and_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o element_n be_v always_o account_v natural_a last_o of_o all_o it_o can_v rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n because_o all_o body_n force_v out_o of_o their_o place_n all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v must_v needs_o return_v unto_o their_o proper_a place_n wherefore_o no_o other_o start_a hole_n be_v here_o leave_v to_o our_o opposite_n but_o that_o they_o
philosophy_n and_o on_o the_o loadstone_n erect_v a_o large_a trophy_n to_o commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n this_o famous_a doctor_n be_v as_o pregnant_a in_o witty_a apprehension_n as_o diligent_a in_o curious_a search_n of_o natural_a cause_n after_o many_o experiment_n and_o long_a inquiry_n find_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o propriety_n hide_v in_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v a_o mere_a magnetical_a body_n challenge_v all_o those_o propriety_n and_o more_o than_o have_v express_v themselves_o in_o the_o loadstone_n which_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v no_o soon_o broach_v than_o it_o be_v embrace_v and_o well-commed_n by_o many_o prime_a wit_n aswell_o english_a as_o foreign_a in_o so_o much_o that_o iâ—_n have_v of_o late_o take_v large_a root_n and_o get_v much_o ground_n of_o our_o vulgar_a philosophy_n not_o that_o in_o the_o main_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o it_o it_o contradict_v or_o cross_v all_o peripatetical_a principle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v hitherto_o bear_v the_o stamp_n aswell_o of_o antiquity_n as_o of_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o have_v bring_v to_o light_a matter_n of_o no_o small_a moment_n which_o never_o find_v any_o ground_n or_o footstep_n in_o our_o ordinary_a philosophy_n this_o new_a philosophy_n i_o dare_v not_o commend_v as_o everywhere_a perfect_a and_o absolute_a be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n invent_v and_o not_o yet_o bring_v to_o mature_a perfection_n yet_o will_v it_o savour_v of_o little_a ingenuity_n or_o judgement_n in_o any_o man_n perverse_o to_o deny_v all_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o plain_a experiment_n and_o observation_n since_o no_o philosophy_n be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a but_o require_v experience_n daily_o to_o correct_v it_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o absolute_a discourse_n of_o magnetical_a boby_n and_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o search_n who_o experimental_a industry_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o such_o a_o subject_n only_o i_o will_v show_v some_o general_a ground_n appertain_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a for_o a_o geographer_n wherefore_o ere_o i_o curious_o distinguish_v these_o magnetical_a propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o other_o several_a kind_n i_o will_v set_v down_o this_o theorem_a as_o a_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n a_o magnetical_a body_n by_o some_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o seat_v in_o the_o air_n do_v place_n itself_o in_o one_o place_n natural_a not_o alterable_a this_o situation_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o star_n especial_o to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o to_o such_o as_o give_v their_o attendance_n on_o they_o late_o detect_v by_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n to_o wit_n those_o two_o star_n which_o move_v about_o saturn_n the_o four_o which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n the_o two_o which_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o last_o the_o moon_n which_o encompass_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v those_o other_o globe_n as_o far_o off_o and_o therefore_o less_o subject_a to_o our_o search_n our_o discourse_n shall_v only_o touch_v the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o live_v which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o to_o show_v more_o open_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o all_o magnetical_a globe_n have_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n which_o be_v also_o magnetical_a which_o be_v divorce_v from_o their_o proper_a sphere_n &_o meet_v no_o obstacle_n will_v settle_v themselves_o to_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o peculiar_a orb_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v two_o magnetical_a mineral_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n or_o steel_n the_o other_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n itself_o either_o ofthese_fw-mi two_o artificial_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o place_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n all_o encumbrance_n be_v remove_v will_v conform_v &_o settle_v their_o part_n and_o pole_n correspondent_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o north_n and_o south_n this_o have_v be_v find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o such_o as_o have_v travel_v round_o about_o she_o as_o drake_n and_o candish_n who_o compass_n be_v always_o direct_v magnetical_o in_o all_o place_n which_o they_o pass_v which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o disponent_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a sphere_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o demonstration_n moreover_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o sail_v northerly_a and_o southerly_a that_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n in_o every_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v conform_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o certain_a angle_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o region_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o diversity_n of_o conformity_n must_v necessary_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n in_o itself_o absolute_o consider_v or_o else_o from_o the_o harmony_n and_o correspondency_n it_o have_v with_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n and_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o our_o supposition_n then_o must_v we_o needs_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o magnetical_a disponent_fw-la virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o virtue_n the_o whole_a earth_n may_v be_v call_v magnetical_a nay_o if_o we_o true_o consider_v these_o magnetical_a affection_n primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o magnetical_a body_n but_o afterward_o secondary_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o part_n because_o as_o gilbert_n relate_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o affection_n be_v the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a globe_n which_o form_n first_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o his_o homogeneal_a part_n these_o part_n be_v call_v homogeneal_a not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o matter_n and_o quantity_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o communion_n which_o in_o every_o part_n be_v conspicuous_a if_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v call_v magnetical_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o mineral_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o least_o and_o scarce_a substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v we_o may_v many_o way_n answer_v first_o that_o although_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compose_v of_o other_o material_n more_o convenient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o dwell_v therein_o yet_o may_v infinite_a rocky_a mine_n of_o magnet_n be_v couch_v low_a towards_o the_o centre_n which_o strengthen_v and_o consolidate_v the_o earthly_a globe_n second_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v the_o magnetical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v all_o one_o kind_n of_o stone_n but_o various_a for_o somewhere_o it_o be_v hard_a &_o solid_a as_o the_o true_a magnet_n itself_o and_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o mettle_n decoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n for_o iron_n oâ—â—e_n differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o somewhere_o again_o this_o substance_n be_v more_o thin_a and_o fuid_a be_v less_o concoct_v as_o some_o kind_n of_o clay_n and_o certain_a vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v magnetical_a which_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o hard_a and_o more_o massy_a substance_n will_v have_v the_o same_o affection_n and_o motion_n with_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o this_o assertion_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a nature_n we_o shall_v confirm_v more_o evident_o hereafter_o where_o we_o shall_v prove_v both_o the_o pole_n the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o other_o circle_n to_o be_v not_o bare_a imaginary_a line_n as_o some_o have_v think_v but_o to_o be_v real_o ground_v in_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v to_o be_v show_v in_o any_o round_a loadstone_n wrought_v and_o place_v convenient_o with_o instrument_n thereunto_o apply_v 2_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o radical_a or_o derive_v the_o radical_a disposition_n we_o call_v that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o root_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o other_o magnetical_a motion_n 3_o the_o radical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o motive_n or_o disponent_fw
part_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o such_o as_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equatour_n or_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n although_o they_o may_v be_v antipode_n agree_v not_o to_o that_o definition_n by_o reason_n the_o former_a be_v antipode_n only_o in_o opposite_a point_n of_o the_o equatour_n the_o other_o of_o the_o meridian_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o antipode_n or_o no_o be_v make_v a_o question_n among_o the_o ancient_n in_o so_o much_o that_o saint_n augustine_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr civitate_fw-la dei_fw-la and_o lactantius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n of_o institution_n seem_v stiff_o to_o defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o opinion_n be_v suppose_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o their_o contempt_n or_o neglect_n of_o mathematical_a study_n in_o those_o age_n wherein_o the_o zeal_n to_o religion_n be_v most_o unnecessary_o oppose_v to_o philosophy_n and_o the_o mistress_n forsake_v of_o her_o best_a handmaiden_n which_o ignorance_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v so_o far_o derive_v to_o posterity_n that_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o saviour_n 745_o one_o boniface_n bishop_n of_o man_n be_v accuse_v before_o the_o pope_n zachary_n virgilius_n bishop_n of_o salisburg_n for_o heresy_n in_o that_o he_o aver_v there_o be_v antipode_n the_o matter_n be_v first_o prefer_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n and_o a_o appeal_v make_v unto_o the_o pope_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o honest_a bishop_n for_o this_o assertion_n be_v flat_o condemn_v for_o heretical_a doctrine_n and_o enforce_v to_o recant_v his_o opinion_n yet_o be_v it_o wonderful_a how_o such_o matter_n be_v thus_o decide_v for_o grant_v these_o two_o easy_a ground_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a a_o proposition_n prove_v in_o their_o time_n 2_o that_o every_o place_n or_o at_o least_o two_o opposite_a place_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n may_v be_v habitable_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o such_o antipode_n must_v be_v grant_v which_o make_v i_o to_o imagine_v that_o saint_n augustine_n absolute_o and_o gross_o deny_v not_o the_o antipode_n because_o in_o set_v down_o the_o premise_n and_o ground_n of_o our_o opinion_n he_o seem_v to_o understand_v they_o too_o well_o to_o deny_v a_o necessary_a induction_n be_v a_o man_n of_o so_o great_a a_o wit_n and_o apprehension_n but_o questionless_a he_o think_v that_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o by_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_n in_o his_o time_n be_v repute_v unhabitable_a and_o unpassable_a no_o man_n have_v yet_o set_v his_o foot_n in_o those_o remote_a part_n beyond_o the_o line_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v in_o he_o not_o to_o arise_v out_o of_o ignorance_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o out_o of_o the_o receive_v opinion_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o the_o vast_a ocean_n the_o one_o of_o which_o he_o hold_v unhabitable_a the_o other_o unpassable_a from_o whence_o also_o spring_v up_o a_o argument_n or_o rather_o a_o idle_a fancy_n that_o the_o antipode_n can_v not_o be_v admit_v without_o grant_v another_o saviour_n and_o another_o kind_n of_o man_n beside_o adam_n posterity_n for_o if_o this_o conjecture_n have_v not_o take_v place_n the_o pope_n i_o suppose_v will_v never_o have_v prove_v himself_o so_o ridiculous_a a_o judge_n as_o to_o have_v condemn_v virgilius_n for_o heresy_n as_o for_o lactantius_n howsoever_o otherwise_o a_o pious_a eloquent_a father_n the_o weakness_n and_o childishness_n of_o his_o argument_n will_v to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n discover_v his_o ignorance_n in_o the_o very_a first_o rudiment_n of_o cosmographie_n here_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o far_o religion_n itself_o be_v wrong_v by_o such_o who_o set_v her_o opposite_a to_o all_o her_o servant_n but_o whatsoever_o the_o ancient_n out_o of_o their_o glimmer_a reason_n have_v conjecture_v our_o time_n have_v sufficient_o decide_v this_o controversy_n wherein_o such_o antipode_n be_v establish_v both_o by_o reason_n and_o experience_n which_o matâ—er_n we_o shall_v reserve_v to_o our_o second_o book_n wherein_o we_o shall_v declare_v how_o far_o and_o in_o what_o sense_n the_o earth_n may_v be_v term_v habitable_a 1_o those_o which_o be_v to_o we_o perioeci_n be_v the_o antoeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n our_o antoeci_n the_o periaeci_n to_o our_o antipode_n likewise_o our_o perioeci_n be_v the_o antipode_n to_o our_o antaeci_n this_o proposition_n as_o a_o corollary_n may_v by_o necessary_a consequence_n be_v deduce_v out_o of_o the_o precedent_a definition_n and_o be_v well_o express_v out_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n and_o needs_o no_o far_a demonstration_n 2_o the_o perioeci_n antoeci_n and_o antipode_n be_v diverse_o distinguish_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o celestial_a apparence_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o perioeci_n be_v chief_o four_o 1_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o length_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 2_o they_o dwell_v east_n and_o west_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o 3_o they_o have_v contrary_a time_n of_o day_n and_o night_n for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v his_o noon_n the_o other_o enjoy_v his_o midnight_n likewise_o when_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o one_o rise_v it_o set_v with_o the_o other_o 4_o they_o have_v the_o same_o zone_n climate_n and_o parallel_n but_o differ_v by_o a_o semicircle_n to_o wit_n 180_o degree_n to_o the_o antoeci_n they_o have_v likewise_o assign_v 5_o propriety_n viz._n 1_o they_o inhabit_v the_o like_a zone_n but_o in_o diverse_a hemisphere_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n because_o the_o one_o see_v the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o other_o the_o pole_n antarcticke_a equal_o raise_v above_o his_o horizon_n 3_o they_o have_v noon_n and_o midnight_n just_a at_o the_o same_o time_n 4_o they_o enjoy_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o heaven_n 5_o they_o have_v the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o southern_a antoeci_n have_v their_o summer_n the_o northern_a have_v their_o winter_n and_o contrariwise_o when_o the_o northern_a have_v their_o spring_n these_o have_v their_o autumn_n to_o the_o antipode_n they_o have_v allot_v 3_o propriety_n 1_o that_o they_o have_v the_o same_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n though_o not_o of_o the_o same_o pole_n 2_o they_o have_v the_o same_o temper_n of_o the_o year_n and_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n 3_o they_o have_v all_o the_o other_o accident_n contrary_a for_o when_o the_o one_o have_v night_n the_o other_o have_v day_n when_o one_o winter_n the_o other_o summer_n when_o the_o one_o the_o spring_n the_o other_o autumn_n and_o contrariwise_o these_o accident_n and_o propriety_n here_o mention_v must_v be_v understand_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n only_o the_o quality_n arise_v from_o diverse_a other_o accidental_a and_o particular_a cause_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v differre_fw-la unto_o our_o second_o part_n chap._n xi_o of_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n 1_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n according_a to_o certain_a space_n be_v former_o explain_v we_o be_v now_o to_o treat_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o say_a sphere_n according_a to_o certain_a distance_n 2_o a_o distance_n here_o we_o understand_v to_o be_v a_o direct_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o two_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n such_o a_o distance_n be_v twofold_a either_o simple_a or_o comparative_a 3_o the_o simple_a distance_n be_v take_v from_o the_o two_o great_a circle_n to_o wit_v the_o meridian_n or_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v either_o the_o longitude_n or_o latitude_n the_o division_n of_o distance_n into_o the_o simple_a or_o comparative_a be_v most_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n for_o a_o place_n absolute_o take_v in_o itself_o to_o be_v distant_a from_o some_o fix_a point_n or_o other_o in_o the_o globe_n 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consider_v the_o natural_a change_n of_o country_n since_o the_o first_o creation_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o to_o have_v suffer_v as_o well_o in_o the_o natural_a accident_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n concern_v the_o former_a we_o may_v note_v a_o twofold_a alteration_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v a_o progress_n from_o imperfection_n to_o perfection_n the_o other_o contrariwise_o from_o perfection_n to_o imperfection_n the_o first_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o general_a industry_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o work_v every_o thing_n as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o his_o best_a end_n and_o use_n for_o his_o own_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o his_o kind_n which_o we_o may_v best_o find_v in_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o world_n the_o first_o groundwork_n of_o civil_a society_n for_o man_n be_v once_o expel_v out_o of_o paradise_n for_o his_o own_o transgression_n have_v leave_v he_o notwithstanding_o for_o his_o 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soil_n with_o all_o heedful_a industry_n for_o if_o our_o first_o parent_n be_v place_v in_o paradise_n itself_o the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a portion_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v nevertheless_o enjoin_v to_o dress_v and_o manure_v the_o garden_n for_o their_o better_a use_n and_o profit_n what_o shall_v we_o imagine_v of_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o no_o doubt_n a_o thousand_o degree_n come_v short_a of_o this_o perfection_n especial_o know_v this_o curse_n to_o be_v lay_v on_o man_n by_o our_o creator_n that_o he_o shall_v eat_v his_o bread_n in_o the_o sweat_n of_o his_o brow_n as_o though_o the_o earth_n be_v bind_v to_o open_v her_o treasure_n only_o to_o man_n pain_n and_o labour_n and_o howsoever_o the_o diligence_n of_o mankind_n have_v go_v very_o far_o in_o adorn_v and_o fashion_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o have_v it_o not_o wade_v so_o far_o but_o that_o many_o place_n in_o our_o time_n be_v leave_v altogether_o rude_a and_o unculter_v groan_v under_o vast_a wilderness_n and_o unprofitable_a desert_n for_o time_n pass_v we_o may_v have_v for_o instance_n go_v no_o far_a than_o brittany_n and_o germany_n both_o which_o country_n we_o shall_v find_v in_o these_o day_n to_o differ_v as_o much_o from_o the_o day_n of_o caesar_n as_o caesar_n judge_v they_o to_o differ_v from_o the_o roman_a territory_n which_o no_o doubt_v he_o prefer_v before_o all_o part_n of_o europe_n notwithstanding_o this_o general_a inclination_n of_o mankind_n to_o perfect_v their_o dwell_a place_n for_o their_o better_a ease_n and_o comfort_n we_o shall_v find_v many_o way_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v degenerate_v and_o prove_v more_o unfit_a for_o humane_a habitation_n then_o in_o former_a time_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v that_o curse_n which_o our_o almighty_a creator_n cast_v on_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o adam_n sake_n which_o afterward_o seem_v renew_a and_o increase_v in_o the_o general_a deluge_n wherein_o all_o mankind_n suffer_v for_o their_o sin_n a_o plague_n of_o water_n for_o as_o the_o estate_n of_o mankind_n immediate_o before_o the_o flood_n be_v far_o better_a than_o that_o afterward_o so_o be_v the_o estate_n of_o paradise_n far_o better_o than_o that_o so_o as_o we_o may_v note_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n a_o general_a defect_n and_o weakness_n of_o the_o creature_n still_o more_o and_o more_o decline_v from_o their_o original_a perfection_n grant_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n so_o that_o many_o great_a philosopher_n have_v conjecture_v not_o without_o ground_n that_o the_o world_n from_o the_o first_o creation_n have_v suffer_v the_o change_n of_o age_n sensible_o and_o this_o wherein_o we_o live_v to_o be_v the_o last_o and_o decrepit_a age_n wherein_o nature_n lie_v languish_v as_o ready_a to_o breathe_v out_o her_o last_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v control_v by_o reason_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v not_o a_o proportional_a decrement_n and_o defect_n of_o natural_a vigour_n in_o thing_n as_o well_o in_o man_n as_o other_o creature_n for_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o estate_n of_o a_o man_n before_o the_o flood_n with_o the_o age_n of_o david_n long_o after_o we_o shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n in_o the_o proportional_a decrement_n of_o the_o year_n and_o age_n of_o man_n for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o before_o the_o flood_n attain_v to_o 800_o and_o some_o as_o methusalem_n to_o 900_o year_n but_o in_o david_n time_n the_o day_n of_o man_n life_n as_o he_o himself_o testify_v be_v threescore_o and_o ten_o and_o admit_v we_o understand_v this_o speech_n of_o david_n to_o be_v mean_v only_o of_o his_o chief_a strength_n and_o livelihood_n we_o shall_v yet_o find_v a_o great_a diversity_n because_o man_n be_v understand_v to_o be_v in_o his_o great_a strength_n and_o vigour_n in_o his_o middle_a age_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a age_n of_o man_n by_o this_o account_n surmount_v not_o 140_o year_n to_o which_o proportion_n of_o defect_n or_o decrement_n our_o time_n can_v no_o way_n agree_v because_o many_o man_n in_o our_o day_n come_v near_o the_o same_o age_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n which_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o diverse_a instance_n whereof_o we_o will_v produce_v only_o two_o the_o one_o of_o a_o certain_a indian_a present_v to_o soliman_n the_o turk_n be_v of_o the_o age_n of_o 200_o year_n the_o other_o of_o the_o countresse_n of_o desmond_n in_o ireland_n which_o sr_n walter_n rauleigh_n mention_n to_o this_o purpose_n who_o be_v marry_v in_o edward_n the_o four_o time_n yet_o be_v alive_a very_o late_o but_o to_o this_o doubt_n i_o may_v answer_v that_o this_o extraordinary_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o age_n of_o man_n between_o the_o patriarch_n and_o david_n time_n compare_v with_o man_n age_n betwixt_o david_n and_o our_o day_n come_v from_o two_o especial_a cause_n first_o by_o the_o universal_a deluge_n which_o cause_v a_o general_a defect_n and_o decay_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o like_a whereof_o have_v not_o since_o be_v find_v second_o it_o be_v as_o it_o seem_v much_o impair_v by_o the_o intemperance_n and_o luxurious_a diet_n of_o those_o time_n which_o add_v much_o to_o this_o general_a weakness_n of_o nature_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o child_n can_v have_v little_a or_o no_o natural_a perfection_n in_o themselves_o more_o than_o be_v derive_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o parent_n for_o nothing_o can_v give_v that_o to_o other_o which_o it_o never_o have_v itself_o whence_o it_o must_v needs_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o posterity_n derive_v from_o luxurious_a and_o distemper_a body_n shall_v prove_v as_o weak_a and_o impotent_a general_o if_o not_o more_o than_o their_o parent_n now_o why_o the_o people_n soon_o upon_o the_o flood_n shall_v find_v their_o distemperature_n more_o noxious_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o long_a life_n then_o the_o man_n of_o our_o age_n a_o good_a reason_n may_v be_v give_v because_o the_o earth_n long_o after_o the_o flood_n have_v not_o full_o receive_v that_o natural_a heat_n and_o spirit_n which_o it_o lose_v in_o the_o deluge_n so_o that_o all_o thing_n arise_v out_o of_o it_o as_o plant_n herb_n fruit_n and_o live_a creature_n feed_v thereon_o prove_v for_o a_o while_n more_o unwholesome_a and_o unnatural_a then_o in_o some_o year_n after_o when_o it_o have_v somewhat_o reviue_v itself_o by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o star_n and_o by_o little_a and_o little_o return_v to_o his_o own_o nature_n the_o other_o cause_n of_o deficiency_n be_v more_o special_a as_o not_o happen_v to_o all_o but_o to_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o more_o at_o one_o time_n then_o another_o as_o the_o neglect_n of_o due_a manure_v many_o place_n
itself_o the_o contrary_a quality_n of_o cold_a a_o argument_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o alvarez_n who_o affirm_v the_o water_n there_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n to_o be_v freeze_v over_o with_o ice_n the_o south_n wind_n blow_v the_o second_o cause_n be_v by_o judicious_a writer_n ascribe_v to_o the_o subtlety_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n which_o can_v receive_v into_o itself_o so_o many_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o the_o thick_a and_o gross_a air_n of_o diverse_a place_n distant_a for_o the_o north_n region_n wherein_o europe_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n be_v place_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o water_n which_o burst_v out_o of_o secret_a and_o unknown_a concavity_n do_v produce_v infinite_a fen_n gogs_o lake_n and_o marsh_n which_o in_o the_o summer_n season_n cause_n infinite_a vapour_n to_o abound_v which_o be_v intermix_v with_o heat_n scorch_v and_o heat_n more_o fervent_o than_o the_o pure_a air_n of_o africa_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n free_a from_o the_o mixture_n and_o concourse_n of_o such_o slimy_a vapour_n that_o the_o air_n be_v thicken_v shall_v yield_v a_o great_a fervour_n every_o man_n out_o of_o ordinary_a experience_n can_v frame_v to_o himself_o a_o argument_n for_o we_o see_v fire_n and_o heat_v be_v incorporate_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o steel_n or_o iron_n to_o burn_v and_o heat_n more_o than_o in_o air_n or_o wood._n the_o like_a reason_n some_o will_v draw_v from_o the_o keeper_n of_o stoâ—es_n or_o hot_a house_n which_o do_v besprinkle_v the_o ground_n with_o water_n that_o the_o vapour_n be_v contract_v and_o the_o air_n thicken_v they_o may_v the_o long_o and_o better_o maintain_v heat_n and_o spare_a fuel_n another_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o set_a and_o anniverwinde_n which_o blow_v most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n one_o way_n josephus_n acosta_n observe_v that_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n the_o wind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n easterly_n beyond_o westerly_a and_o a_o dutch-discoverer_n have_v relate_v that_o in_o guinea_n they_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n which_o come_v from_o the_o land_n till_o noon_n and_o then_o very_a violent_a from_o the_o sea_n in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v wont_a to_o traffic_v in_o the_o morning_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a we_o can_v imagine_v this_o region_n to_o be_v so_o hot_a as_o man_n suppose_v for_o here_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o night_n be_v assuage_v by_o the_o absence_n or_o remoteness_n of_o the_o sun_n likewise_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n incident_a to_o noonetide_v be_v much_o qualify_v or_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v by_o this_o relation_n altogether_o vanquish_v by_o the_o cold_a wind_n derive_v from_o the_o sea_n another_o reason_n no_o less_o probable_a may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o excessive_a height_n of_o the_o land_n and_o great_a mountain_n observe_v to_o be_v near_o or_o under_o the_o line_n who_o top_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o snow_n which_o give_v a_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o cold_a for_o instance_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n andâ—_n in_o america_n where_o they_o observe_v the_o air_n to_o be_v so_o chin_n and_o cold_a that_o it_o inforce_v they_o to_o scour_v and_o vomit_v which_o come_v near_o it_o the_o like_a whereof_o be_v relate_v of_o another_o call_v punas_n where_o the_o extremity_n of_o cold_a cut_v off_o their_o hand_n from_o which_o experience_n we_o may_v find_v some_o place_n near_o the_o line_n to_o be_v more_o infest_a with_o cold_a 〈◊〉_d heat_n the_o laâ—t_n and_o great_a â—eason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o continual_a moisture_n wherewith_o the_o region_n situate_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n frequent_o abound_v this_o moisture_n be_v derive_v from_o two_o cause_n 1_o from_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o the_o sun_n which_o run_v from_o thence_o continual_o into_o the_o valley_n keep_v they_o almost_o always_o waterish_a especial_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_a 2_o from_o the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v very_o near_o and_o many_o time_n vertical_a raise_v up_o continual_o moist_a vapour_n in_o great_a quantity_n these_o vapourâ—_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n as_o 12_o hour_n be_v not_o consume_v but_o meeting_n with_o the_o cold_a from_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v therewith_o convert_v into_o drop_n which_o fall_v down_o again_o in_o great_a shower_n in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o traveller_n of_o good_a credit_n have_v tell_v i_o that_o all_o the_o while_o they_o sail_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n they_o seldom_o see_v the_o sun_n by_o reason_n of_o rain_n and_o cloudy_a vapour_n whence_o we_o note_v with_o josephus_n acosta_n by_o way_n of_o consectary_n that_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n produce_v moisture_n but_o contrariwise_o without_o the_o tropic_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o drought_n whence_o the_o inhabitant_n enjoy_v as_o it_o be_v a_o winter_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v to_o they_o vertical_a because_o of_o the_o distemperature_n by_o wind_n raines_n and_o storm_n and_o great_a inundation_n whereunto_o common_o all_o great_a river_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n be_v most_o subject_a also_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v a_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o or_o near_o the_o tropic_n because_o be_v somewhat_o remove_v he_o can_v be_v so_o powerful_a in_o draw_v such_o store_n of_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n which_o he_o can_v dispel_v and_o consume_v thus_o we_o see_v the_o moiety_n of_o this_o first_o section_n lie_v 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n how_o soever_o subject_a to_o a_o great_a reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n yet_o through_o the_o concurrence_n of_o other_o cause_n to_o be_v find_v indifferent_o temperate_a and_o the_o other_o 15_o degree_n about_o the_o tropic_n howsoever_o subject_a to_o a_o lesser_a reflection_n to_o be_v excessive_a hot_a which_o late_a cause_n beside_o all_o which_o have_v be_v say_v before_o shall_v be_v further_o confirm_v hereafter_o by_o the_o complexion_n of_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v choller-adust_a the_o true_a symptom_n of_o a_o external_a heat_n but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v answer_v that_o this_o accident_n be_v incident_a as_o well_o to_o the_o region_n situate_v under_o the_o equatour_n as_o to_o that_o under_o the_o tropic_n i_o will_v produce_v another_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o countenance_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n be_v not_o see_v so_o black_a and_o swarthy_a as_o elsewhere_o for_o towards_o the_o tropic_n be_v place_v the_o land_n of_o blackmore_n or_o nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la where_o the_o people_n be_v all_o coalblack_a which_o may_v perhaps_o happen_v also_o to_o those_o that_o dwell_v under_o the_o other_o tropic_n but_o that_o other_o cause_n interpose_v themselves_o which_o hinder_v the_o excess_n of_o heat_n which_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o blackness_n here_o some_o will_v oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o herodotus_n which_o refer_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o blackness_n in_o the_o negro_n to_o the_o seed_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v black_a other_o will_v have_v this_o blackness_n as_o a_o curse_n inflict_v upon_o cham_n posterity_n but_o these_o opinion_n carry_v very_o little_a show_n of_o probability_n for_o first_o if_o this_o former_a opinion_n be_v admit_v it_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v say_v boden_n that_o ethiopian_n in_o scythia_n shall_v always_o be_v bear_v black_a and_o scythian_n in_o ethiopia_n shall_v be_v always_o white_a for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o nation_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v be_v confuse_v and_o mix_v by_o the_o distinction_n of_o colony_n but_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o man_n trasplant_v into_o another_o soil_n will_v in_o manner_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n by_o little_a and_o little_a degenerate_a and_o change_v their_o first_o disposition_n as_o if_o a_o blackmore_n marry_v and_o beget_v child_n here_o with_o we_o in_o england_n experience_n will_v plain_o declare_v the_o child_n to_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o whiteness_n then_o the_o father_n and_o the_o grand_a child_n more_o than_o they_o second_o if_o the_o second_o opinion_n of_o cham_n curse_n deserve_v any_o credit_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o all_o his_o posterity_n such_o as_o by_o most_o writer_n consent_v be_v general_o the_o people_n of_o africa_n shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o execration_n as_o well_o as_o one_o little_a parcel_n of_o it_o moreover_o it_o be_v report_v by_o pline_n and_o confirm_v by_o appian_n that_o in_o those_o place_n be_v many_o
forth_o these_o vapour_n if_o the_o vapour_n keep_v under_o do_v raise_v the_o sea_n up_o or_o if_o the_o sea_n swell_v with_o these_o vapour_n in_o her_o womb_n how_o can_v she_o let_v they_o out_o 2_o how_o will_v he_o prove_v the_o sea_n natural_o to_o be_v hot_a since_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cold_a element_n three_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v but_o in_o half_o impart_v to_o the_o sea_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o sea_n proportional_o in_o half_a be_v stir_v up_o wherefore_o patricius_n and_o casman_n find_v neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o moon_n of_o itself_o to_o be_v a_o sole_a or_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n have_v join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o this_o causality_n and_o add_v beside_o other_o particular_a cause_n first_o say_v they_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o cause_n concur_v to_o that_o effect_n either_o universal_a and_o external_a or_o particular_a internal_a and_o next_o cause_n the_o universal_a cause_n be_v two_o to_o wit_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n say_v he_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o beam_n and_o light_n do_v conserve_v vivificate_a and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n the_o internal_a and_o original_a heat_n in_o all_o thing_n here_o below_o this_o heat_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o vivificate_v all_o thing_n be_v make_v fit_a for_o motion_n and_o be_v so_o accommodate_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o motion_n as_o if_o from_o a_o internal_a life_n they_o shall_v be_v promote_v to_o a_o external_a for_o as_o in_o the_o primary_n life_n of_o thing_n the_o motion_n and_o action_n be_v show_v in_o the_o essence_n in_o the_o secondary_a the_o action_n and_o motion_n outward_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o first_o and_o original_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n cherish_v &_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o external_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n drive_v the_o ocean_n and_o move_v it_o to_o action_n the_o moon_n also_o cherish_v preserve_v vivificate_n nourish_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o motion_n all_o these_o earthly_a humour_n and_o moisture_n and_o as_o she_o daily_o by_o hour_n behold_v the_o sun_n as_o her_o darling_n and_o by_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v big-bellied_a with_o lively_a seed_n so_o she_o behold_v her_o love_n the_o ocean_n day_n and_o night_n and_o fill_v the_o ocean_n with_o these_o seed_n which_o she_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o her_o motion_n without_o the_o diffusion_n of_o her_o light_n without_o the_o effusion_n of_o her_o influence_n &_o seed_n wherefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o all_o our_o humour_n and_o moisture_n shall_v be_v make_v fruitful_a conceive_v life_n bring_v forth_o bear_v fruit_n and_o be_v stir_v up_o to_o life_n and_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n through_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o ocean_n wherefore_o all_o low_a moisture_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moon_n notwithstanding_o all_o be_v not_o equal_o under_o her_o dominion_n since_o all_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o rarity_n or_o density_n or_o of_o the_o same_o heat_n reason_n all_o â—aged_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v any_o thing_n to_o sink_v into_o it_o so_o that_o for_o the_o crassitude_n of_o it_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a than_o other_o water_n and_o so_o more_o unapt_a for_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v record_v by_o some_o that_o in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o motion_n and_o so_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n no_o such_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o strange_a effect_n some_o ascribe_v to_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o water_n one_o of_o the_o causeâ—_n above_o name_v beget_v few_o and_o weak_a vapour_n and_o spirit_n which_o either_o straightway_o breath_n out_o or_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n this_o thinness_n be_v confirm_v to_o be_v in_o that_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o john_n barro_n out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr castro_n which_o find_v this_o water_n to_o be_v clear_a and_o like_a to_o crystal_n then_o that_o of_o other_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o clear_a perspicuity_n of_o it_o for_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o sea_n may_v the_o bottom_n plain_o be_v see_v four_o we_o read_v the_o like_a of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o never_o ebb_v or_o flow_v which_o bartholomew_n kackerman_n that_o countryman_n ascribe_v 1._o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n 2._o to_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o 3._o to_o the_o northern_a situation_n which_o cause_n i_o think_v he_o may_v well_o have_v spare_v consider_v that_o more_o northern_a sea_n then_o that_o both_o ebb_n and_o flow_v five_o it_o be_v report_v of_o maotis_n pontus_n and_o proppotis_n that_o they_o flow_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o never_o ebb_v for_o maotis_n flow_v into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o low_a and_o the_o pontic_a into_o the_o propontick_a &_o aegean_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o return_v not_o back_o again_o but_o beside_o this_o cause_n of_o this_o declinity_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v fresh_a than_o that_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o first_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o and_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n for_o maotis_n palus_n beside_o other_o partake_v of_o tanais_n into_o pontus_n fall_n according_a to_o arcanus_fw-la report_n about_o 52_o fresh_a river_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v ister_n hispanis_n boristhenes_n tanais_n phasis_n all_o great_a current_n second_o the_o forename_a fish_n which_o delight_n in_o fresh_a spring_n be_v here_o also_o find_v in_o abundance_n beside_o this_o freshness_n if_o we_o believe_v ancient_a writer_n as_o pliny_n and_o other_o it_o be_v a_o sea_n of_o extraordinary_a depth_n so_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v call_v negrepont_n or_o the_o blacke-sea_n which_o blackness_n be_v by_o some_o think_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o wherein_o in_o many_o place_n they_o can_v sound_v no_o bottom_n six_o it_o be_v testify_v of_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o narbon_n sea_n that_o they_o suffer_v not_o this_o motion_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v only_o ascribe_v to_o the_o extreme_a depth_n for_o few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v disburden_v into_o it_o except_o rhodanus_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v why_o this_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o although_o many_o be_v think_v on_o be_v chief_o reduce_v either_o to_o the_o excess_n of_o saltness_n in_o the_o water_n or_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n into_o which_o from_o a_o open_a place_n the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v disburden_v or_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n all_o which_o either_o concur_v together_o or_o take_v by_o themselves_o apart_o may_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o in_o one_o place_v they_o another_o which_o may_v as_o the_o former_a be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n four_o sea_n be_v more_o particular_o note_v to_o flow_v and_o swell_v high_o than_o other_o the_o first_o be_v that_o compass_v about_o europe_n from_o hercules_n pillar_n which_o according_a to_o diverse_a shore_n take_v diverse_a name_n as_o the_o portugal_n cantabrian_n gallican_n belgic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o in_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v be_v the_o second_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o cambaia_n and_o india_n the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o compass_v about_o taprobana_n for_o the_o three_o last_o the_o cause_n fore-specified_n seem_v manifest_o to_o concur_v for_o taprobana_n be_v report_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v a_o shore_n not_o above_o six_o pace_n deep_a and_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v green_a and_o overgrow_v with_o weed_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weed_n fret_v their_o ship_n and_o late_a writer_n report_v that_o the_o land_n be_v know_v to_o augment_v the_o confine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n so_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o some_o sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o channel_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v it_o follow_v that_o other_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o of_o contrary_a â—_z proceed_v ordinary_o contrary_a effect_n moreover_o it_o
to_o aristotle_n ground_n be_v by_o a_o tenne-fold_n proportion_v thin_a than_o the_o water_n moreover_o the_o air_n in_o these_o place_n seat_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o high_a than_o other_o place_n and_o by_o consequent_a near_a the_o sun_n shall_v rather_o be_v rarify_v and_o thicken_v because_o heat_n be_v the_o great_a cause_n of_o rarefaction_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o for_o the_o reason_n allege_v for_o these_o opinion_n they_o be_v draw_v only_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o their_o assertion_n which_o hold_v that_o fountain_n be_v derive_v either_o from_o rain_n water_n or_o from_o the_o sea_n both_o which_o we_o have_v examine_v brief_o and_o whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o school_n of_o conimbra_n not_o utter_o reject_v all_o the_o former_a opinion_n have_v undertake_v to_o forgo_v a_o opinion_n as_o it_o be_v partake_v of_o all_o pretend_v to_o say_v something_o more_o when_o indeed_o they_o produce_v nothing_o beside_o the_o former_a their_o assertion_n they_o have_v set_v down_o in_o eight_o proposition_n which_o i_o will_v faithful_o set_v down_o and_o then_o censure_n the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o subterranean_a place_n under_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n distinguish_v into_o river_n pond_n and_o lake_n this_o they_o prove_v from_o the_o daily_a experiment_n of_o such_o as_o dig_v diverse_a well_n and_o deppe_a trench_n in_o the_o earth_n who_o many_o time_n under_o the_o earth_n find_v not_o only_o many_o river_n and_o pond_n but_o many_o time_n happen_v upon_o so_o great_a abundance_n of_o water_n that_o they_o can_v neither_o find_v the_o bottom_n or_o bound_n thereof_o to_o this_o they_o add_v a_o experiment_n of_o philip_n and_o macedon_n record_v by_o asclepiadorâ—â—_n who_o cause_v many_o man_n expert_a in_o dig_v of_o metal_n to_o be_v let_v down_o into_o a_o old_a and_o forsake_a mine_n to_o search_v out_o the_o vein_n of_o metal_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o covetousness_n of_o antiquity_n have_v leave_v any_o thing_n to_o posterity_n these_o man_n use_v great_a light_n be_v say_v to_o have_v find_v nothing_o there_o but_o great_a and_o vast_a river_n and_o great_a receptacle_n of_o water_n this_o they_o also_o labour_v to_o confirm_v by_o many_o and_o sudden_a eruption_n and_o break_v out_o of_o water_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v more_o hereafter_o this_o first_o position_n howsoever_o in_o itself_o true_a enough_o seem_v little_a to_o the_o purpose_n but_o we_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o second_o which_o be_v this_o that_o when_o god_n in_o the_o three_o day_n of_o the_o creation_n separate_v the_o water_n into_o one_o place_n and_o hide_v it_o in_o the_o cavern_n and_o secret_a receptacle_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o same_o time_n disperse_v into_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n by_o diverse_a occult_a passage_n and_o channel_n whence_o come_v that_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n under_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v before_o mention_v this_o they_o seem_v to_o persuade_v by_o reason_n for_o say_v they_o as_o the_o wise_a architect_n of_o all_o for_o man_n sake_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o live_a creature_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n have_v discover_v the_o dry_a land_n by_o restrain_v all_o the_o water_n into_o one_o place_n so_o it_o be_v most_o necessary_a that_o he_o shall_v inward_o water_v the_o earth_n by_o which_o stone_n metal_n mineral_n &_o other_o such_o thing_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v in_o time_n grow_v and_o increase_v also_o that_o some_o water_n shall_v from_o hence_o break_v up_o out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o diverse_a cause_n hereafter_o specify_v final_o as_o philo-iudaeus_a affirm_v for_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o otherwise_o may_v by_o drought_n be_v separate_v and_o divide_v the_o three_o proposition_n ground_v on_o the_o two_o former_a be_v this_o that_o many_o river_n and_o fountain_n in_o diverse_a place_n by_o god_n decree_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o quantity_n of_o water_n hide_v in_o the_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o prove_v by_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o utility_n of_o such_o fountain_n and_o river_n spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n four_o they_o defend_v that_o all_o fountain_n and_o current_n be_v not_o so_o make_v and_o appoint_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n because_o history_n &_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o many_o have_v break_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n afterward_o whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o fiâ—tly_o they_o affirm_v that_o if_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n be_v understand_v of_o all_o fountain_n and_o flood_n it_o can_v be_v approve_v for_o asmuch_o as_o it_o seem_v sufficient_o declare_v in_o the_o three_o opinion_n how_o such_o river_n may_v be_v generate_v without_o such_o vapour_n as_o also_o because_o many_o argument_n and_o place_n of_o holy_a scripture_n seem_v to_o prove_v the_o contrary_n as_o also_o the_o four_o river_n of_o paradise_n create_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n can_v be_v guess_v to_o draw_v their_o original_n from_o such_o vapour_n as_o aristotle_n imagine_v to_o which_o accord_n many_o ancient_a father_n upon_o these_o place_n recite_v in_o that_o opinion_n whereas_o all_o river_n be_v think_v to_o fetch_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n six_o for_o the_o credit_n of_o their_o master_n aristotle_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o aver_v that_o although_o his_o opinion_n can_v be_v verify_v of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v restrain_v to_o some_o such_o perpetual_a current_n it_o may_v have_v probability_n for_o asmuch_o aswe_n be_v to_o believe_v that_o many_o such_o large_a cavern_n and_o hole_n be_v hide_v under_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o no_o small_a quantity_n of_o vapour_n may_v be_v 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which_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o affinity_n with_o that_o of_o plato_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n not_o that_o plato_n and_o his_o follower_n be_v so_o absurd_a to_o defend_v that_o the_o world_n with_o all_o his_o part_n be_v animate_v with_o a_o true_a vital_a soul_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n but_o that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o it_o be_v unite_v together_o quicken_v and_o dispose_v by_o a_o certain_a energeticall_a power_n or_o virtue_n which_o have_v great_a resemblance_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o embrace_v by_o our_o late_a magnetical_a philosopher_n who_o opinion_n we_o shall_v discuss_v and_o examine_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n ground_v our_o discourse_n on_o know_v principle_n we_o can_v admit_v no_o other_o form_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o mutual_a harmony_n order_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v together_o and_o work_v the_o perfection_n &_o perpetuation_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o fit_a resemblance_n whereof_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o a_o artificial_a clock_n mill_n or_o such_o like_a great_a engine_n wherein_o every_o part_n due_o perform_v its_o own_o office_n there_o will_v arise_v and_o result_v a_o natural_a harmony_n which_o not_o unapt_o may_v be_v term_v the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a engine_n why_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o a_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n sundry_a reason_n have_v be_v allege_v by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n first_o because_o nature_n never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n in_o vain_a or_o without_o a_o determinate_a end_n but_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o special_a body_n say_v these_o philosopher_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o unity_n and_o conformation_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o to_o grant_v a_o universal_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o multiply_v cause_n without_o any_o necessity_n &_o make_v nature_n the_o mother_n of_o superfluity_n which_o to_o all_o philosopher_n seem_v most_o absurd_a second_o if_o this_o be_v admit_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v as_o one_o continuate_a body_n who_o part_n shall_v as_o it_o be_v suffer_v a_o fellow-feeling_n one_o of_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v to_o what_o kind_n such_o a_o form_n may_v be_v reduce_v whether_o animate_v or_o inanimate_a if_o inanimate_a whether_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o compound_v if_o animate_v whether_o vegetative_a sensitive_a or_o rational_a under_o the_o which_o be_v couch_v many_o great_a difficulty_n as_o yet_o undisclose_v whether_o these_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n to_o overthrow_v the_o adverse_a opinion_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n intend_v here_o a_o geographical_a not_o a_o physical_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o in_o the_o former_a we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n aswell_o in_o matter_n as_o form_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o affection_n and_o propriety_n as_o necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o such_o a_o constitution_n 2._o those_o affection_n or_o propriety_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n real_a or_o imaginary_a real_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o nature_n imaginary_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n 3_o again_o the_o affection_n real_o or_o natural_o agree_v to_o the_o terrene_a sphere_n be_v assign_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o these_o affection_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o which_o may_v be_v express_v and_o understand_v without_o any_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o the_o celestial_a body_n 5_o these_o again_o be_v twofold_a either_o elementary_a or_o magnetical_a elementary_a i_o term_v such_o as_o have_v common_o be_v know_v or_o observe_v by_o ordinary_a philosopher_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n in_o the_o make_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o concinnity_n and_o apt_a conspiration_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v this_o conformity_n be_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n conform_v themselves_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o conformity_n we_o shall_v particular_o and_o distinct_o treat_v of_o so_o far_o as_o appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o tax_v some_o defect_n in_o most_o of_o our_o common_a cosmographer_n who_o take_v the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o grant_v supposition_n be_v nothing_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o the_o first_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o rotundity_n whereby_o it_o first_o become_v a_o globous_a body_n and_o afterward_o retain_v in_o itself_o a_o natural_a vigour_n or_o power_n if_o any_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a right_n and_o perfection_n all_o which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a &_o profitable_a to_o give_v a_o industrious_a learner_n some_o satisfaction_n to_o explain_v this_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v lay_v this_o ground_n and_o theorem_a 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o aswell_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n albeit_o as_o we_o have_v show_v it_o be_v external_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n yet_o may_v
we_o call_v it_o natural_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o issue_v and_o arise_v from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n and_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o understand_v which_o clause_n the_o better_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v call_v natural_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_a end_n or_o scope_n to_o which_o she_o be_v direct_v second_o in_o respect_n of_o her_o secundary_a intent_n or_o purpose_n as_o that_o which_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o former_a true_a it_o be_v that_o every_o terrene_a body_n according_a to_o nature_n first_o intention_n seek_v and_o work_v it_o be_v own_o perfection_n and_o conservation_n nevertheless_o according_a to_o her_o secundary_a intent_n it_o concurre_v to_o the_o perfection_n and_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a universe_n which_o we_o shall_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n or_o clodd_n of_o earth_n which_o separate_v and_o remove_v from_o its_o mother_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o his_o descent_n and_o fall_v downward_o seek_v first_o his_o own_o conservation_n by_o reunite_a itself_o to_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o be_v take_v second_o of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o by_o this_o union_n and_o addition_n no_o doubt_n be_v make_v more_o complete_a and_o perfect_a this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n out_o of_o which_o arise_v the_o earth_n sphaericity_n i_o call_v the_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o move_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o site_n or_o position_n as_o may_v bring_v forth_o a_o spherical_a consistency_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a as_o what_o can_v be_v to_o god_n almighty_a power_n that_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v dissolve_v and_o rend_v into_o little_a piece_n yet_o be_v that_o vigour_n and_o motive_n inclination_n remain_v in_o the_o part_n whereby_o they_o may_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o spherical_a nature_n and_o composition_n which_o it_o former_o enjoy_v for_o all_o the_o part_n thus_o suppose_v to_o be_v distract_v will_v no_o question_n meet_v together_o &_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o point_n or_o centre_n and_o so_o equal_o poise_v themselves_o will_v restore_v the_o same_o sphere_n so_o dissolve_v so_o that_o we_o here_o note_v a_o double_a inclination_n and_o motion_n of_o earthly_a body_n first_o by_o a_o right_a line_n of_o the_o part_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n the_o other_o spherical_a of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n whereof_o the_o first_o in_o nature_n preceede_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o other_o follow_v but_o this_o latter_a motion_n i_o leave_v doubtful_a till_o place_v convenient_a 6_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrene_a part_n be_v twofold_a primarie_n or_o secondary_a the_o former_a be_v that_o whereby_o all_o earthly_a body_n be_v by_o a_o right_a line_n carry_v and_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n or_o circle_n draw_v by_o a_o geometrician_n their_o principal_a part_n be_v express_v to_o wit_n the_o centre_n ray_n and_o circumference_n so_o in_o the_o natural_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o three_o as_o it_o be_v naturally_n &_o real_o discover_v themselves_o unto_o us._n for_o first_o there_o be_v set_v a_o fix_a point_n to_o which_o all_o heavy_a body_n move_v and_o conform_v themselves_o second_o there_o be_v set_v the_o line_n or_o radius_fw-la in_o which_o such_o body_n be_v carry_v and_o convey_v three_o the_o confluence_n of_o all_o these_o part_n beget_v the_o roundness_n and_o spherical_a form_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o nature_n we_o will_v take_v these_o ground_n 1_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v this_o proposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v confirm_v by_o common_a experience_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o long_a demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v plain_o that_o not_o only_o these_o two_o do_v incline_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o all_o mix_a body_n compound_v of_o they_o be_v oversway_v with_o the_o most_o predominant_a element_n do_v challenge_n to_o themselves_o the_o same_o motion_n i_o say_v not_o that_o all_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n drive_v &_o meeâ—_n in_o the_o centre_n for_o that_o be_v impossible_a that_o all_o this_o massy_a sphere_n shall_v be_v contract_v to_o one_o point_n but_o that_o all_o the_o part_n have_v a_o mutual_a inclination_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o concurrence_n of_o they_o among_o themselves_o will_v suffer_v by_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n which_o enjoy_v this_o motion_n and_o inclination_n we_o understand_v first_o the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n with_o all_o other_o body_n arise_v out_o of_o their_o mixture_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o air_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o natural_a comformity_n to_o the_o same_o centre_n we_o may_v well_o term_v a_o earthly_a body_n it_o be_v common_o report_v that_o the_o air_n be_v lâ—ght_v and_o therefore_o carry_v upward_o not_o incline_v at_o all_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o the_o part_n of_o these_o two_o element_n be_v but_o this_o assertion_n although_o bolster_v up_o both_o with_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n i_o take_v either_o to_o be_v false_a or_o misunderstand_v and_o that_o i_o speak_v no_o more_o herein_o than_o i_o can_v prove_v i_o will_v produce_v some_o reason_n strong_a enough_o as_o i_o think_v to_o persuade_v that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n have_v a_o due_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n first_o therefore_o will_v i_o produce_v this_o experiment_n when_o a_o well_o or_o deep_a trench_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v willing_o demand_v whether_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o trench_n or_o concavity_n or_o else_o a_o void_a space_n be_v leave_v unfurnished_a of_o any_o natural_a body_n to_o fill_v it_o if_o they_o admit_v the_o latter_a they_o will_v consequent_o bring_v in_o again_o that_o vacuum_n or_o void_a space_n which_o arist._n and_o all_o sound_a philosopher_n have_v long_a since_o proscribe_v the_o confine_n of_o nature_n if_o they_o affirm_v the_o former_a that_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o empty_a space_n i_o will_v ask_v again_o whether_o this_o descent_n of_o the_o air_n be_v violent_a or_o natural_a if_o they_o say_v natural_a they_o admit_v our_o assertion_n that_o the_o air_n natural_o descend_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v heavy_a and_o not_o light_a by_o nature_n neither_o according_a to_o our_o peripateticall-philosophy_n can_v we_o ascribe_v more_o than_o one_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n because_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n general_o receive_v among_o aristotelean_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n can_v claim_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n much_o less_o one_o simple_a form_n as_o that_o of_o the_o air_n can_v produce_v two_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a motion_n such_o as_o be_v ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o same_o body_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o light_v on_o the_o other_o member_n of_o our_o distinction_n and_o say_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o this_o sort_n be_v violent_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v have_v some_o external_a cause_n or_o principle_n whence_o it_o shall_v proceed_v because_o all_o such_o motion_n proceed_v from_o external_a cause_n but_o here_o no_o such_o cause_n can_v be_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n will_v be_v either_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v so_o make_v hollow_a or_o the_o emptiness_n or_o vacuum_n or_o at_o least_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prove_v first_o because_o no_o philosopher_n have_v ever_o show_v any_o such_o attractive_a power_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a because_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n by_o most_o have_v be_v think_v opposite_a in_o nature_n and_o repugnant_a one_o to_o the_o other_o second_o because_o philosophy_n teach_v that_o no_o agent_n can_v work_v upon_o a_o separate_a and_o distinct_a patient_n except_o there_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o some_o means_n but_o hear_v in_o this_o supposition_n the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o air_n which_o as_o yet_o it_o touch_v not_o that_o this_o external_a cause_n be_v not_o the_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n be_v plain_a because_o it_o
first_o a_o sepaparation_n from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v move_v be_v more_o quick_a &_o expedient_a by_o a_o right_a line_n forasmuch_o as_o crooked_a and_o circular_a line_n turn_v back_o as_o it_o be_v into_o themselves_o again_o also_o the_o union_n and_o conjunction_n of_o a_o part_n with_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o indebt_v to_o a_o right_a motion_n because_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o way_n be_v short_a second_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o nature_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o necessary_a agent_n restrain_v to_o one_o only_o bind_v or_o end_n and_o therefore_o can_v neither_o strengthen_v weaken_v remit_v or_o suspend_v the_o action_n but_o work_v always_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n the_o same_o effect_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o she_o choose_v a_o right_a line_n be_v but_o one_o betwixt_o two_o point_n whereas_o crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v infinite_a and_o the_o motion_n direct_v by_o crooked_a line_n will_v prove_v various_a and_o opposite_a to_o the_o prescript_n of_o nature_n moreover_o shall_v we_o imagine_v that_o nature_n at_o any_o time_n wrought_v by_o a_o crooked_a or_o circular_a line_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v from_o what_o agent_n this_o obliquity_n shall_v arise_v not_o from_o nature_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o say_v she_o work_v always_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o her_o strength_n have_v no_o power_n to_o remit_v or_o suspend_v her_o actioâ—s_n but_o a_o crooked_a motion_n arise_v from_o the_o remission_n or_o slack_n of_o the_o agent_n force_v and_o turn_v it_o away_o from_o the_o intend_a end_n which_o only_o find_v place_n in_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n neither_o come_v this_o deflexion_n from_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n because_o it_o can_v have_v no_o such_o power_n to_o resist_v three_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v not_o perform_v in_o a_o right_a line_n it_o can_v have_v no_o opposite_a or_o contrary_n because_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v to_o a_o circular_a or_o crooked_a motion_n 4._o no_o other_o motion_n can_v be_v opposite_a or_o contrary_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n but_o only_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o be_v always_o a_o right_a line_n by_o this_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o weighty_a point_n consider_v in_o itself_o abstract_o can_v but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o right_a line_n real_o and_o physical_o point_v out_o unto_o we_o a_o radius_fw-la or_o beam_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n to_o show_v that_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n in_o compose_v the_o earthly_a globe_n both_o observe_v and_o teach_v we_o the_o use_n of_o geometry_n 2_o a_o point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v swift_a in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n this_o have_v be_v plain_o observe_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o stone_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o tower_n or_o high_a place_n will_v in_o motion_n grow_v swift_a and_o swift_a till_o it_o approach_v the_o ground_n or_o place_n whereon_o it_o fall_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v from_o the_o air_n which_o resist_v so_o much_o the_o less_o by_o how_o much_o the_o body_n descend_v low_a towards_o the_o earth_n or_o centre_n because_o when_o it_o be_v high_a the_o distance_n be_v great_a the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v make_v more_o resistance_n the_o reason_n render_v by_o aristotle_n of_o this_o resistance_n be_v because_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o motion_n the_o stone_n or_o heavy_a body_n find_v the_o air_n quiet_a and_o fix_a but_o be_v once_o set_v on_o motion_n the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o air_n successive_o move_v those_o which_o be_v under_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o stone_n so_o fall_v and_o prepare_v as_o it_o be_v the_o way_n for_o his_o come_n this_o reason_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n content_v a_o ingenious_a wit_n till_o a_o better_a be_v find_v out_o 10_o so_o much_o for_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a point_n or_o centre_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o 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perpendicular_a line_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a for_o if_o two_o perpendicular_a or_o heavy_a point_n move_v in_o a_o line_n shall_v be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o space_n of_o 10_o a_o 100_o or_o more_o foot_n because_o this_o distance_n be_v very_o little_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o angle_n of_o concourse_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o little_a and_o by_o consequence_n those_o two_o ray_n or_o line_n measure_v the_o descent_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n will_v seem_v altogether_o equidistant_a yet_o that_o there_o be_v such_o a_o concurrence_n nature_n and_o reason_n will_v easy_o consent_v hence_o we_o may_v detect_v a_o popular_a error_n believe_v of_o the_o vulgar_a that_o the_o wall_n of_o house_n stand_v upright_o be_v parallel_v and_o of_o equal_a distance_n when_o contrariwise_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o wall_n be_v erect_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a and_o measure_v by_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o be_v draw_v out_o in_o length_n will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o like_a may_v we_o pronounce_v of_o a_o deep_a well_o who_o side_n or_o wall_n be_v erect_v perpendicular_o and_o therefore_o shall_v it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o centre_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o side_n grow_v near_o and_o near_o as_o they_o approach_v the_o centre_n will_v in_o the_o end_n close_o or_o shut_v up_o into_o a_o pyramid_n who_o base_a shall_v be_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o likewise_o if_o a_o tower_n shall_v be_v erect_v to_o the_o heaven_n it_o will_v be_v strange_a to_o imagine_v how_o great_a and_o broad_a the_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o bottom_n hence_o again_o it_o may_v be_v infer_v that_o any_o pavement_n level_v by_o a_o perpendicular_a be_v not_o a_o absolute_a plain_n but_o rather_o the_o portion_n or_o arch_n of_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n who_o centre_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a 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both_o set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o other_o there_o will_v be_v no_o disparity_n in_o the_o time_n and_o motion_n 12_o of_o the_o primary_n conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n we_o have_v treat_v it_o now_o seem_v needful_a that_o we_o descend_v to_o the_o secondary_a which_o be_v the_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o make_v a_o round_a sphere_n or_o globe_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a this_o proposition_n be_v of_o great_a use_n and_o one_o of_o the_o chiefâ—â—â—_n ground_n in_o geographie_n the_o ground_n of_o the_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o right_a motion_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o the_o centre_n for_o this_o right_a motion_n as_o we_o have_v show_v do_v express_v one_o beam_n of_o the_o circle_n by_o who_o circumvolution_n be_v produce_v the_o circumference_n of_o iâ—_n which_o we_o call_v secundary_a conformity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o so_o much_o as_o it_o grow_v mathematical_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o first_o for_o this_o spherical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n sundry_a sound_a reason_n be_v urge_v by_o geographer_n first_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o latitude_n that_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n second_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n that_o be_v from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o therefore_o must_v it_o needs_o be_v absolute_o spherical_a the_o first_o part_n be_v show_v that_o it_o be_v round_o from_o nâ—rth_n to_o south_n for_o if_o a_o man_n travel_n from_o north_n to_o south_n or_o contrariwise_o from_o south_n to_o north_n he_o shall_v perceive_v nâ—w_a star_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o appear_v and_o show_v themselves_o which_o before_o hâ—e_v can_v not_o see_v which_o can_v be_v refer_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n or_o swell_v of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o star_n which_o be_v call_v canopus_n which_o be_v a_o notable_a star_n in_o the_o ship_n appear_v not_o at_o rhodes_n or_o at_o least_o from_o high_a place_n but_o if_o you_o travel_v forth_o southward_o from_o italy_n into_o egypt_n to_o alexandria_n the_o same_o star_n proclus_n observe_v will_v manifest_v itself_o to_o your_o sight_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n above_o the_o horizon_n sphaer_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v draw_v a_o sound_a proof_n that_o there_o be_v a_o spherical_a and_o gibbous_a convexitie_n which_o interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o rhodes_n and_o egypt_n in_o which_o place_n the_o people_n who_o inhabit_v that_o part_n of_o egypt_n which_o border_n upon_o arabia_n which_o be_v call_v trogloâ—ites_n of_o their_o dwell_n in_o cave_n can_v see_v any_o star_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n whence_o we_o may_v concluâ—e_v that_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n be_v round_o and_o spherical_a for_o if_o otherwise_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a all_o the_o northern_a star_n will_v appear_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o southern_a region_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n all_o the_o other_o southern_a constellation_n will_v be_v see_v of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n which_o sense_n and_o reason_n altogether_o contradict_v second_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o its_o longitude_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n may_v be_v prove_v by_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o other_o star_n for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o they_o do_v not_o arise_v or_o set_v with_o all_o nation_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n for_o with_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o east_n the_o sunrising_n be_v soon_o with_o the_o western_a inhabitant_n late_a and_o that_o in_o such_o proportion_n that_o every_o 15_o degree_n measure_v out_o by_o the_o sun_n diurnal_a motion_n add_v or_o subtract_v one_o whole_a hour_n in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o day_n this_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n and_o testimony_n of_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o sun_n rise_v with_o the_o persian_a inhabit_v towards_o the_o east_n four_o hour_n soon_o than_o to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o west_n sundry_a other_o the_o like_a example_n may_v be_v allege_v all_o which_o we_o must_v needs_o impute_v to_o the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n proportional_o increase_v betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n the_o other_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o last_o point_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n which_o will_v not_o appear_v in_o diverse_a place_n at_o diverse_a hour_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a or_o square_a we_o see_v plain_o that_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v soon_o to_o the_o western_a people_n but_o late_a to_o the_o eastern_a as_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o arbela_n a_o town_n of_o assyria_n where_o alexander_n overcome_v darius_n the_o last_o king_n of_o
the_o persian_n be_v there_o observe_v a_o eclipse_n at_o the_o five_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n 4._o which_o selfsame_o eclipse_n be_v see_v in_o carthage_n at_o the_o second_o which_o to_o any_o man_n appear_v plain_o in_o this_o figure_n here_o insert_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o campania_n which_o be_v observe_v betwixt_o 8_o and_o 9_o be_v as_o pliny_n report_v see_v in_o armenia_n betwixt_o 10_o and_o 11_o of_o the_o clock_n 72._o whence_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o this_o difference_n of_o appearance_n arise_v from_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o these_o two_o place_n another_o reason_n to_o prove_v the_o spericall_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o obscure_a point_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n which_o must_v needs_o argue_v that_o the_o body_n which_o cause_v the_o shadow_n be_v also_o round_o for_o as_o the_o opticke_n teach_v we_o the_o shadow_n be_v wont_a to_o follow_v and_o imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v and_o all_o man_n confess_v that_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v make_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n betwixt_o the_o sun_n &_o moon_n intercept_n the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o shall_v illustrate_v &_o lighten_v the_o moon_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o absurdity_n which_o will_v follow_v shall_v we_o admit_v any_o other_o figure_n beside_o for_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v plain_a as_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n have_v imagine_v it_o will_v necessary_o follow_v in_o reason_n 1_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n will_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o that_o there_o will_v be_v the_o same_o face_n and_o appearance_n of_o the_o heaven_n in_o all_o place_n 3_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n with_o other_o star_n will_v in_o all_o place_n arise_v alike_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n 4_o that_o all_o eclipse_n will_v appear_v to_o all_o place_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n 5_o that_o the_o same_o quantity_n of_o day_n &_o night_n will_v be_v at_o all_o place_n 6_o that_o the_o shadow_n will_v be_v every_o where_o alike_o and_o one_o region_n will_v not_o be_v hot_a or_o cold_a than_o another_o all_o which_o will_v plain_o stand_v opposite_a to_o reason_n and_o experience_n as_o many_o or_o more_o will_v prove_v the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o ascribe_v to_o the_o earth_n any_o other_o figure_n then_o spherical_a which_o i_o willing_o pass_v over_o as_o not_o will_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n and_o feign_v a_o opposition_n where_o i_o scarce_o find_v a_o adversary_n these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v spherical_a diverse_a other_o popular_a argument_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n to_o countenance_v this_o assertion_n for_o no_o other_o figure_n can_v be_v assign_v 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and_o hill_n otherwhere_a it_o seem_v indent_v and_o as_o it_o be_v trench_v into_o valley_n &_o concavity_n all_o which_o seem_v to_o detract_v from_o a_o true_a spherical_a superficies_n because_o in_o such_o a_o one_o every_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o it_o shall_v be_v equal_a one_o to_o the_o other_o indeed_o that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o absolute_o and_o geometrical_o round_a as_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n be_v confess_v by_o eratosthenes_n cite_v by_o strabo_n in_o his_o 1_o book_n of_o geographie_n whence_o pliny_n in_o his_o â—_o book_n cap._n 21._o say_v 1._o that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n make_v one_o globe_n not_o so_o absolute_o round_a as_o the_o heaven_n but_o much_o different_a 〈◊〉_d also_o strabo_n confirm_v this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o these_o 3_o reason_n which_o follow_v will_v show_v that_o this_o inequality_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o seem_v to_o the_o sight_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a and_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o huge_a vastness_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o first_o be_v take_v from_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o great_a and_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o find_v to_o exceed_v 10_o mile_n although_o few_o mathematician_n will_v grant_v so_o much_o whereas_o the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n contain_v no_o less_o thâ—n_n 7200_o english_a mile_n so_o that_o these_o hill_n compare_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v but_o â—s_v 10_o to_o 7200_o which_o indeed_o have_v no_o sensible_a proportion_n the_o second_o be_v take_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o interpose_a earth_n be_v describe_v by_o a_o spherical_a figure_n without_o any_o unequal_a or_o rugged_a part_n which_o no_o doubt_n will_v appear_v if_o these_o part_n challenge_v any_o due_a proportion_n or_o sensible_a quantity_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n three_o some_o have_v illustrate_v this_o by_o a_o round_a bowl_n or_o ball_n who_o external_a surface_n although_o unequal_a and_o indent_v here_o &_o there_o with_o scotch_n otherwhere_a swell_a with_o knob_n will_v notwithstanding_o be_v interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o a_o wall_n or_o such_o place_n give_v a_o round_a or_o spherical_a shadow_n in_o the_o same_o wall_n or_o plain_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o little_a quantity_n of_o these_o small_a part_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n in_o like_a sort_n must_v we_o imagine_v the_o mountain_n and_o unequal_a part_n in_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v no_o otherwise_o then_o as_o so_o many_o wart_n or_o pimple_n in_o the_o face_n of_o man_n which_o can_v alter_v his_o duâ—_n proportion_n or_o symmetry_n of_o the_o part_n 3_o the_o water_n concur_v with_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o globe_n be_v also_o spherical_a it_o be_v a_o proposition_n agree_v on_o by_o archimedes_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o ancient_a mathematician_n of_o any_o note_n that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n or_o any_o other_o liquor_n stand_v and_o subsist_v quiet_o of_o it_o self_n be_v spherical_a who_o centre_n will_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n which_o we_o be_v here_o to_o handle_v because_o it_o appertain_v to_o the_o make_v up_o of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n although_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v special_o concern_v the_o water_n in_o hydrographie_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n beside_o those_o that_o in_o general_n prove_v the_o sphericity_n of_o the_o terrene_a globe_n be_v diverse_a 1_v it_o be_v observe_v that_o passenger_n in_o a_o ship_n launch_v out_o into_o the_o deep_a from_o some_o haven_n will_v first_o perceive_v the_o tower_n building_n castle_n promontory_n and_o tree_n stand_v
but_o after_o 10000_o pace_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o will_v here_o ask_v the_o geographer_n quoth_v patricius_n whether_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n wherein_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o whole_a space_n surpass_v not_o two_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o water_n can_v ascend_v to_o 72_o foot_n have_v it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o have_v go_v with_o patricius_n over_o the_o lake_n i_o may_v perhaps_o by_o observation_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v give_v a_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n nevertheless_o be_v unacquainted_a aswell_o with_o the_o place_n as_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o observation_n i_o may_v perhaps_o guess_v somewhat_o at_o his_o error_n first_o then_o whereas_o he_o aver_v that_o pass_v along_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o 1000_o pace_n a_o tower_n of_o 72_o foot_n high_a seem_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n which_o at_o 10000_o vanish_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o confess_v that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n the_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n inter-posed_n can_v not_o be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o hinder_v the_o sight_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o effect_n wherefore_o some_o other_o accidental_a cause_n must_v be_v seek_v out_o for_o the_o find_n out_o of_o which_o to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v make_v inquiry_n whether_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o boat_n be_v direct_o forward_o from_o the_o tower_n on_o the_o water_n no_o land_n inter-posed_n or_o indirect_o side-wise_a in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o shore_n may_v be_v place_v betwixt_o their_o sight_n and_o the_o tower_n mention_v the_o former_a no_o way_n can_v be_v imagine_v foras_fw-la much_o as_o it_o not_o only_o contradict_v the_o ground_n of_o our_o receive_a philosophy_n but_o also_o of_o patricius_n himself_o for_o give_v the_o earth_n a_o plain_a surface_n or_o angular_a or_o any_o other_o form_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n such_o a_o effect_n shall_v happen_v out_o of_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o passage_n be_v oblique_a or_o indirect_a in_o such_o wise_a as_o the_o shore_n may_v any_o way_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o tower_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o such_o a_o experiment_n shall_v happen_v for_o the_o land_n by_o which_o the_o boat_n may_v be_v carry_v may_v have_v a_o ascent_n by_o such_o degree_n as_o the_o tower_n at_o 1000_o pace_n may_v be_v for_o the_o half_a of_o it_o obscure_v and_o at_o last_o be_v altogether_o take_v out_o of_o sight_n this_o reason_n then_o of_o patricius_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o land_n then_o the_o water_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o patricius_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o water_n say_v he_o have_v a_o round_a superficies_n the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v challenge_v the_o like_a figure_n because_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o the_o part_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o spherical_a as_o may_v be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n 1_o because_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o pot_n seem_v not_o to_o have_v any_o such_o spherical_a roundness_n for_o although_o at_o the_o brink_n it_o seem_v to_o be_v restrain_v above_o the_o pot_n yet_o no_o such_o swell_a appear_v in_o the_o middle_n 2_o that_o river_n be_v keep_v in_o by_o their_o bank_n which_o otherwise_o will_v flow_v abroad_o 3_o that_o river_n when_o by_o the_o melt_a of_o snow_n they_o swell_v so_o great_a as_o they_o can_v hardly_o be_v contain_v within_o their_o bank_n do_v not_o seem_v high_o in_o the_o middle_n then_o in_o other_o place_n 4_o if_o any_o man_n from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o the_o other_o level_v at_o any_o mark_n he_o may_v sure_o hit_v it_o which_o he_o shall_v not_o do_v if_o there_o be_v any_o spherical_a swell_n in_o the_o midst_n which_o may_v hinder_v the_o sight_n 5_o and_o last_o it_o seem_v so_o unlikely_a that_o the_o water_n shall_v rise_v in_o the_o midst_n that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a it_o shall_v be_v more_o hollow_a in_o that_o we_o plain_o observe_v that_o all_o filth_n and_o rubbish_n carry_v from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o river_n be_v wont_a to_o settle_v and_o swim_v in_o the_o midst_n notwithstanding_o all_o these_o argument_n of_o patricius_n our_o ground_n be_v yet_o unshake_a 1_n concern_v small_a drop_n and_o water_n in_o the_o mouth_n of_o pot_n it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v round_o and_o spherical_a though_o not_o exact_o the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o shall_v declare_v hereafter_o this_o roundness_n i_o confess_v serve_v not_o any_o way_n to_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o assertion_n because_o the_o sphericity_n and_o roundness_n which_o we_o aver_v to_o be_v in_o water_n have_v for_o its_o centre_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o so_o small_a a_o arch_n or_o section_n as_o the_o breadth_n of_o a_o pot_n or_o a_o drop_n of_o water_n can_v possible_o have_v any_o sensible_a appearance_n or_o existence_n and_o we_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o fond_o urge_v to_o this_o purpose_n by_o some_o of_o our_o geographer_n and_o such_o as_o stand_v not_o with_o any_o demonstration_n which_o grant_v sufficient_o answer_v all_o the_o reason_n last_o urge_v by_o patricius_n except_o the_o last_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o require_v in_o the_o water_n a_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o this_o roundness_n in_o every_o river_n or_o little_a parcel_n of_o water_n which_o can_v be_v admit_v touch_v the_o last_o thing_n which_o he_o urge_v that_o all_o the_o rubbish_n and_o filthy_a matter_n be_v from_o the_o bank_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_n whence_o he_o will_v infer_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v hollow_a and_o low_a we_o can_v answer_v diverse_a way_n 1_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a because_o every_o man_n may_v oftentimes_o see_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o such_o filthy_a rubbish_n rather_o use_v to_o cleave_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n then_o to_o float_v into_o the_o midst_n 2_o that_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n happen_v it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o torrent_n which_o run_v violent_o from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o midst_n carry_v with_o it_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v light_n the_o steepnesse_n of_o the_o place_n be_v great_a the_o current_n wide_o or_o swift_a but_o nothing_o here_o can_v be_v conclude_v to_o prove_v the_o water_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a force_n to_o be_v either_o plain_a or_o hollow_a in_o the_o midst_n which_o this_o adversary_n undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o discourse_v of_o such_o affection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o be_v elementary_a and_o know_v heretofore_o to_o ancient_a philosopher_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o treat_v of_o magnetical_a affection_n to_o wit_n such_o as_o follow_v the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o loadstone_n many_o have_v write_v but_o few_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a nature_n the_o invention_n of_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o certain_a herdsman_n who_o have_v his_o shoe_n shod_a with_o iron_n and_o a_o iron-pike_n in_o his_o hand_n rest_v himself_o on_o a_o quarry_n of_o loadstone_n can_v hardly_o remove_v himself_o from_o thence_o but_o this_o seem_v rather_o a_o pleasant_a poetical_a invention_n than_o a_o true_a history_n have_v no_o good_a author_n to_o avouch_v it_o but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o first_o invention_n be_v a_o matter_n rather_o indebt_v to_o chance_v then_o industry_n no_o small_a difficulty_n have_v discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o invention_n and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a property_n somewhat_o i_o confess_v have_v be_v write_v of_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n as_o have_v be_v most_o know_v such_o as_o be_v the_o virtue_n attractive_a by_o which_o it_o draw_v to_o itself_o iron_n or_o steel_n as_o also_o the_o virtue_n directive_a by_o which_o a_o needle_n touch_v with_o the_o magnet_n direct_v and_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n the_o rest_n of_o magnetical_a propriety_n i_o find_v in_o ancient_a writer_n as_o little_o know_v as_o their_o cause_n &_o if_o any_o matter_n herein_o be_v broach_v it_o be_v mere_o conjectural_a and_o depend_v on_o no_o certain_a demonstration_n neither_o have_v we_o any_o certain_a or_o satisfactory_a knowledge_n of_o this_o thing_n until_o such_o time_n as_o it_o please_v god_n to_o raise_v up_o one_o of_o our_o countryman_n d._n gilbert_n who_o to_o his_o everlasting_a praise_n have_v tread_v out_o a_o new_a path_n to_o
the_o motive_n be_v that_o by_o which_o all_o magnetical_a body_n be_v incline_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o the_o motion_n in_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n of_o a_o man_n we_o have_v two_o faculty_n which_o show_v themselves_o a_o motive_n and_o a_o directive_a or_o disponent_fw-la power_n whereof_o the_o one_o stir_n up_o the_o motion_n the_o other_o regulate_v conform_v and_o direct_v it_o the_o former_a be_v the_o will_n the_o late_a the_o discourse_n and_o judgement_n this_o distinction_n of_o faculty_n howsoever_o more_o evident_a in_o the_o soul_n find_v place_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o which_o a_o philosopher_n ought_v to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o that_o which_o give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o move_v and_o that_o which_o limit_n determine_v and_o as_o the_o schoolman_n be_v wont_a to_o speak_v modificate_v the_o action_n among_o other_o the_o magnet-stone_n seem_v most_o to_o partake_v of_o these_o two_o power_n as_o that_o which_o among_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o gilbert_n opinion_n seem_v most_o to_o have_v resemblance_n with_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n so_o that_o by_o a_o apt_a trope_n it_o have_v be_v call_v of_o many_o the_o magnetical_a soul_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o hence_o we_o may_v well_o perceive_v one_o virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o â—â—useth_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n to_o move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n another_o by_o which_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n as_o also_o to_o observe_v certain_a angle_n correspondent_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o due_a place_n of_o the_o motive_n power_n we_o will_v produce_v these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a &_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v show_v out_o of_o evident_a experiment_n wherein_o every_o man_n sight_n may_v be_v a_o witness_n for_o if_o a_o iron-needle_n touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n be_v place_v within_o 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be_v a_o square_a or_o any_o other_o figure_n not_o spherical_a it_o imitate_v a_o sphere_n as_o near_o as_o the_o body_n will_v suffer_v in_o that_o it_o spread_v itself_o everywhere_a from_o the_o centre_n by_o right_a line_n yet_o will_v it_o be_v confine_v in_o a_o square_a figure_n correspondent_a to_o the_o body_n whence_o it_o proceed_v as_o we_o see_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o square_a magnet_n a_o to_o cast_v his_o beam_n into_o the_o square_a figure_n ld_n 3_o the_o motive_n quality_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n in_o other_o part_n by_o so_o much_o the_o strong_a by_o how_o much_o these_o part_n be_v situate_v near_o the_o pole_n we_o suppose_v out_o of_o the_o principle_n of_o magnetical_a philosophy_n that_o a_o magnet_n have_v two_o pole_n who_o use_n we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o these_o pole_n be_v find_v by_o experiment_n to_o have_v more_o force_n and_o vigour_n in_o they_o then_o other_o part_n and_o all_o other_o part_n to_o enjoy_v more_o or_o less_o force_n by_o how_o much_o near_o or_o far_o off_o they_o be_v situate_v to_o their_o pole_n the_o reason_n be_v ascribe_v by_o these_o writer_n to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o magnetical_a vigour_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o load_n stone_n as_o shall_v appear_v by_o this_o figure_n follow_v in_o gilbert_n express_v the_o great_a magnetical_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n let_v the_o spherical_a superficies_n of_o it_o be_v hqe_a the_o pole_n e_o the_o centre_n m_o hq_n the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a from_o every_o point_n of_o this_o equinoctial_a plain_n the_o vigour_n magnetical_a be_v convey_v and_o extend_v to_o cfne_v and_o to_o every_o point_n from_o c_o to_o e_z the_o pole_n but_o not_o towards_o the_o point_n b_o so_o neither_o from_o g_z towards_z c._n the_o vigour_n be_v not_o strengthen_v in_o the_o part_n fhg_v from_o that_o which_o be_v gmfe_n but_o fgh_n do_v increase_v the_o virtue_n in_o h_n so_o that_o there_o can_v arise_v no_o vigour_n so_o far_o from_o the_o parallel_n to_o the_o axel_n tree_n above_o the_o say_a parallel_n but_o internal_o from_o the_o parallel_n to_o the_o pole_n so_o we_o see_v that_o from_o every_o point_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n the_o force_n be_v derive_v to_o the_o pole_n e._n but_o the_o point_n f_o have_v only_o the_o vigour_n from_o gh_a and_o the_o point_n n_o from_o oh_o but_o the_o pole_n e_z be_v corroborate_v and_o strengthen_v from_o the_o whole_a plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a hq_n wherefore_o the_o vigour_n magnetical_a in_o this_o pole_n be_v most_o eminent_a and_o remarkable_a but_o in_o the_o middle_a space_n as_o for_o example_n in_o f_o the_o magnetical_a quality_n be_v so_o far_o strengthen_v as_o the_o portion_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_a h_n can_v give_v but_o dr_n ridley_n in_o his_o late_a magnetical_a treatise_n in_o the_o 6._o chapt._n seem_v to_o oppose_v this_o demonstration_n for_o although_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o the_o vigour_n be_v strong_a of_o all_o in_o the_o pole_n yet_o say_v he_o if_o trial_n be_v make_v what_o the_o pole_n will_v take_v perpendicular_o and_o also_o what_o the_o part_n above_o 34_o degree_n will_v lift_v up_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v half_a asmuch_o perpendicular_o so_o that_o the_o pole_n do_v not_o take_v up_o as_o much_o as_o this_o and_o the_o other_o part_n do_v on_o the_o other_o side_n but_o the_o decision_n of_o these_o difference_n i_o leave_v to_o such_o as_o be_v more_o experimental_a than_o myself_o be_v destitute_a of_o those_o help_n and_o instrument_n which_o they_o enjoy_v 4_o it_o behoove_v we_o in_o the_o second_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o disponent_fw-la vigour_n of_o magnetical_a body_n the_o disponent_fw-la force_n we_o call_v that_o faculty_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v dispose_v or_o direct_v to_o a_o certain_a site_n or_o position_n 1_o magnetical_a body_n move_v not_o uncertain_o but_o have_v their_o motion_n direct_v and_o conform_v to_o certain_a bound_n this_o proposition_n be_v confirm_v by_o manifold_a experiment_n for_o magnetical_a body_n be_v never_o find_v to_o move_v uncertain_o and_o at_o all_o adventure_n but_o conform_v themselves_o to_o certain_a pole_n and_o make_v certain_a angle_n proportional_a to_o the_o latitude_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o in_o particular_a the_o reason_n of_o which_o experiment_n we_o can_v draw_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n which_o we_o will_v have_v direct_v to_o certain_a end_n that_o nothing_o in_o her_o commonwealth_n may_v seem_v idle_a or_o unnecessary_a wherefore_o she_o give_v all_o agent_n not_o only_o a_o power_n to_o work_v their_o end_n but_o also_o show_v they_o the_o way_n square_n and_o regulate_v the_o mean_n which_o direct_v unto_o the_o end_n nowhere_a be_v this_o
directive_a power_n more_o remarkable_a then_o in_o magnetical_a body_n especial_o in_o their_o direction_n and_o variation_n motion_n treat_v of_o hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a to_o which_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o theorem_a we_o refer_v the_o reader_n 9_o the_o radical_a faculty_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v somewhat_o speak_v of_o aswell_o in_o their_o motive_n as_o disponent_fw-la virtue_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o derive_v motion_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o these_o faculty_n 6_o these_o motion_n magnetical_a be_v either_o partial_a or_o total_a the_o partial_a we_o call_v that_o by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v magnetical_o move_v and_o conform_v as_o well_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o to_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n 7_o the_o magnetical_a partial_a motion_n be_v coition_n direction_n variation_n and_o declination_n magnetical_a coition_n be_v that_o motion_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v join_v and_o apply_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o iron_n and_o steel_n which_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o move_v unto_o the_o loadstone_n and_o cleave_v unto_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v place_v within_o the_o sphere_n of_o his_o virtue_n this_o motion_n be_v common_o call_v attraction_n but_o improper_o as_o be_v observe_v by_o d._n gilbert_n 1_o because_o attraction_n seem_v to_o suppose_v a_o external_a force_n or_o violence_n by_o which_o one_o thing_n be_v carry_v and_o move_v unto_o another_o but_o the_o coition_n be_v mere_o natural_a as_o proceed_v from_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o both_o the_o body_n 2_o attraction_n suppose_v the_o force_n of_o move_v to_o be_v only_o in_o the_o one_o party_n and_o the_o other_o to_o be_v mere_o passive_a and_o not_o active_o concur_v to_o this_o motion_n whereas_o in_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n both_o part_n be_v mutual_o incline_v by_o nature_n to_o meet_v and_o join_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o not_o that_o the_o force_n of_o motion_n in_o both_o part_n be_v always_o equal_a because_o one_o magnetical_a body_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o one_o part_n seem_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o draw_v the_o other_o unto_o it_o although_o there_o be_v in_o this_o part_n so_o rest_v a_o inclination_n to_o the_o other_o which_o mutual_a inclination_n of_o conjunction_n in_o magnet_n we_o may_v easy_o see_v in_o two_o magnet_n of_o equal_a quantity_n and_o virtue_n which_o be_v set_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n will_v so_o move_v that_o they_o will_v meet_v in_o the_o midway_n some_o have_v go_v about_o to_o parallel_v this_o attractive_a force_n of_o the_o loadstone_n with_o the_o attractive_a force_n of_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o we_o see_v by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n to_o draw_v unto_o itself_o little_a straw_n and_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n but_o he_o that_o true_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o magnetical_a body_n shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n first_o because_o the_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o electricall_a body_n draw_v unto_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o matter_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o form_n as_o be_v too_o subtle_a a_o thing_n to_o spring_v from_o a_o material_a substance_n second_o electricall_a body_n draw_v and_o attract_v not_o without_o rub_v and_o stir_v up_o of_o the_o matter_n first_o and_o present_o fail_v if_o any_o vapour_n or_o thick_a body_n shall_v be_v interpose_v but_o in_o a_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o find_v no_o such_o matter_n because_o it_o require_v no_o such_o preparation_n or_o rub_v of_o the_o stone_n nor_o be_v hinder_v by_o interposition_n of_o solid_a body_n as_o we_o prove_v in_o this_o place_n three_o the_o loadstone_n move_v and_o provoke_v to_o motion_n nothing_o else_o but_o other_o magnetical_a body_n but_o the_o electricall_a will_v draw_v any_o little_a thing_n as_o straw_n hair_n dust_n and_o such_o like_a four_o the_o magnet_n will_v lift_v a_o great_a weight_n according_a to_o his_o virtue_n and_o quantity_n but_o jet_n the_o small_a and_o light_a thing_n last_o the_o electricall_a body_n as_o gilbert_n well_o confirm_v by_o experiment_n draw_v other_o body_n unto_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o moist_a effluence_n of_o vapour_n which_o have_v a_o quality_n of_o join_v body_n together_o as_o we_o see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o two_o stick_n in_o water_n at_o a_o certain_a distance_n which_o will_v common_o move_v till_o they_o meet_v together_o but_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n can_v be_v other_o than_o a_o act_n of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o many_o philosopher_n have_v free_o spend_v their_o uncertain_a conjecture_n rather_o out_o of_o a_o fear_n to_o be_v esteem_v ignorant_a then_o of_o confidence_n to_o be_v account_v learned_a most_o run_v upon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n which_o grow_v from_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o four_o element_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o feeble_a and_o can_v go_v without_o crouch_n for_o since_o all_o mix_a form_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o temperament_n and_o disposition_n they_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o thing_n compound_v but_o diverse_o modificate_n what_o be_v before_o in_o the_o simple_a element_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o such_o a_o affection_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v only_o find_v in_o the_o magnet_n and_o no_o other_o mix_v body_n indeed_o we_o ascribe_v this_o affection_n to_o the_o form_n as_o the_o immediate_a cause_n but_o by_o this_o form_n we_o understand_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mixture_n result_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n but_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o all_o globous_a body_n such_o as_o be_v the_o sun_n moon_n star_n and_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n whereon_o we_o live_v who_o nature_n receive_v the_o stamp_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o integrity_n he_o that_o shall_v seek_v for_o the_o original_n of_o all_o form_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o mixture_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o four_o element_n shall_v labour_v much_o and_o find_v little_a and_o neither_o at_o last_o be_v able_a to_o content_v himself_o or_o instruct_v other_o except_o we_o suppose_v a_o man_n sufficient_o teach_v when_o he_o hear_v ordinary_a matter_n express_v in_o exotic_a and_o artificial_a term_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o content_v myself_o with_o a_o rule_n of_o biel_n the_o schooleman_n that_o when_o a_o immediate_a effect_n proceed_v from_o a_o immediate_a cause_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o search_v far_o why_o such_o a_o cause_n shall_v produce_v such_o a_o effect_n every_o man_n be_v demand_v why_o the_o fire_n be_v hot_a be_v ready_a to_o fly_v to_o the_o form_n of_o fire_n and_o allege_v this_o as_o the_o cause_n but_o shall_v he_o inquire_v further_o why_o the_o form_n of_o fire_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o heat_n he_o may_v perhaps_o puzzle_v a_o whole_a academy_n of_o philosopher_n and_o never_o prove_v himself_o the_o wise_a for_o the_o further_a illustration_n of_o this_o motion_n these_o theorem_n will_v seem_v necessary_a 1_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o experience_n teach_v that_o any_o iron-instrument_n touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n receive_v instant_o the_o same_o virtue_n attractive_a but_o the_o manner_n how_o this_o virtue_n shall_v be_v communicate_v on_o so_o slight_a a_o touch_n have_v be_v controvert_v the_o common_a philosopher_n have_v imagine_v that_o certain_a little_a part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o in_o the_o touch_n which_o cleave_v to_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n cause_n this_o attraction_n but_o that_o this_o virtue_n can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o corporal_a process_n or_o any_o such_o little_a part_n cleave_v to_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o imagine_v for_o first_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o with_o a_o bare_a touch_n these_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o magnet_n or_o at_o least_o shall_v be_v so_o fast_o link_v to_o the_o iron_n second_o these_o part_n be_v so_o little_a and_o insensible_a can_v have_v so_o much_o vigour_n as_o we_o see_v a_o iron_n will_v have_v at_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o loadstone_n three_o the_o loadstone_n can_v work_v upon_o the_o iron_n notwithstanding_o any_o body_n interpose_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o iron_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a temper_n wherefore_o to_o show_v a_o reason_n of_o this_o effect_n we_o say_v that_o iron_n be_v a_o mettle_n excoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o albeit_o it_o
have_v teach_v the_o heaven_n be_v move_v or_o turn_v round_o by_o a_o angel_n or_o intelligence_n fix_v to_o his_o orb_n of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a substance_n which_o in_o a_o body_n meet_v no_o opposition_n not_o in_o the_o body_n move_v because_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o be_v prone_a and_o inclinable_a to_o this_o motion_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v like_o a_o reed_n that_o hurt_v his_o hand_n that_o lean_v on_o it_o for_o first_o what_o indigence_n or_o necessity_n in_o nature_n be_v observe_v so_o great_a to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o such_o intelligence_n what_o serious_a judgement_n can_v ever_o imagine_v the_o angel_n to_o be_v like_o galleyslave_n chain_v fast_o to_o their_o galley_n or_o turne-spit-dog_n labour_v in_o their_o wheel_n to_o what_o use_n shall_v they_o serve_v not_o to_o stir_v up_o and_o begin_v the_o motion_n for_o why_o shall_v we_o debar_v the_o heaven_n from_o the_o privilege_n ofall_v other_o body_n far_o less_o excellent_a who_o motion_n challenge_v no_o other_o cause_n or_o beginning_n then_o their_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o to_o regulate_v and_o confine_v this_o motion_n for_o nature_n which_o begin_v any_o action_n or_o motion_n be_v able_a of_o herself_o to_o set_v limit_n and_o bound_n unto_o it_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o external_a agent_n final_o not_o to_o continue_v this_o motion_n for_o as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o our_o philosophy_n every_o natural_a agent_n if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v still_o act_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o external_a coadiutor_n to_o continue_v his_o action_n for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o grow_v weary_a and_o faint_a in_o their_o intend_a course_n second_o whereas_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o resistance_n in_o the_o body_n move_v they_o contradict_v their_o own_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o the_o high_a orb_n do_v turn_v and_o wrest_v about_o the_o low_a i_o will_v willing_o ask_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n either_o by_o a_o virtual_a influence_n or_o emanation_n or_o else_o by_o a_o corporal_a touch_n and_o application_n the_o former_a be_v improbable_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v not_o awouch_v by_o any_o and_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v ridiculous_a for_o why_o shall_v we_o rather_o ascribe_v this_o effect_n to_o a_o unknown_a influence_n of_o a_o external_a body_n then_o to_o the_o vigour_n of_o his_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n for_o if_o one_o orb_n in_o this_o sort_n can_v move_v another_o why_o can_v it_o not_o move_v itself_o be_v more_o present_a to_o itself_o then_o any_o other_o if_o they_o say_v by_o a_o corporal_a application_n of_o body_n and_o their_o part_n i_o see_v not_o how_o they_o can_v avoid_v this_o renitencie_n and_o reaction_n which_o always_o do_v suppose_v some_o resistance_n for_o how_o can_v one_o solid_a and_o hard_a body_n be_v imagine_v to_o heave_v and_o push_v another_o forward_a without_o some_o reluctancy_n in_o the_o patient_a because_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v of_o itself_o a_o proper_a motion_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v violent_a as_o suppose_v a_o force_n &_o wrest_v of_o nature_n from_o her_o proper_a course_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v a_o sensible_a demonstration_n because_o the_o orb_n natural_o direct_v one_o way_n be_v turn_v and_o direct_v another_o way_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o both_o motion_n concur_v in_o the_o same_o body_n must_v needs_o offer_v violence_n one_o to_o the_o other_o moreover_o the_o immunity_n from_o corruptible_a quality_n grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n have_v be_v must_v talk_v of_o among_o the_o aristotelean_n but_o never_o warrant_v by_o any_o certain_a demonstration_n we_o see_v say_v these_o philosopher_n the_o heaven_n to_o have_v remain_v since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n without_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n and_o change_n and_o therefore_o must_v all_o the_o elementary_a and_o corruptible_a quality_n be_v exclude_v to_o disprove_v this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o last_o comet_n which_o mathematician_n by_o the_o parallax_n find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n and_o whereas_o otherwise_o they_o seek_v a_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o other_o part_n they_o deceive_v themselves_o for_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v however_o the_o part_n interchangeable_o corrupt_a and_o engender_v daily_o yet_o the_o whole_a globe_n will_v apparent_o remain_v the_o same_o keep_v its_o integrity_n so_o may_v it_o happen_v to_o many_o of_o the_o superior_a globe_n who_o part_n daily_o corrupt_v and_o renew_v again_o although_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n to_o we_o insensible_a the_o whole_a globe_n remain_v still_o perfect_a in_o his_o perfect_a sphericity_n i_o cease_v any_o further_a to_o invade_v another_o province_n and_o therefore_o descend_v to_o a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o extraordinary_a violent_a and_o swift_a motion_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o be_v improbable_a it_o be_v ordinary_o observe_v in_o other_o orb_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o high_a the_o orb_n be_v place_v the_o motion_n be_v slow_a as_o for_o example_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v next_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o 27_o day_n mercury_n and_o venus_n be_v slow_a enough_o in_o their_o course_n as_o the_o former_a in_o 80_o day_n the_o latter_a in_o 9_o month_n the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n mars_n in_o 2_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o saturn_n in_o 30._o also_o those_o astronomer_n which_o give_v the_o fix_a star_n a_o motion_n will_v have_v they_o to_o finish_v their_o course_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o 36000_o but_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v copernicus_n in_o 25816_o year_n so_o that_o the_o high_a and_o great_a the_o circle_n be_v so_o much_o slow_a will_v be_v the_o motion_n what_o injury_n be_v it_o then_o to_o the_o concord_n and_o harmony_n of_o nature_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o high_a orb_n of_o all_o such_o a_o unmeasurable_a strange_a motion_n which_o may_v strike_v the_o most_o seraphic_a angel_n into_o admiration_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v other_o argument_n in_o copernicus_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a will_v make_v the_o matter_n more_o probable_a first_o that_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o short_a worker_n and_o use_v not_o many_o help_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o few_o and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o so_o many_o orb_n and_o concameration_n to_o square_v our_o observation_n which_o will_v find_v more_o steady_a foot_n in_o this_o one_o ground_n once_o grant_v of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n second_o it_o will_v seem_v more_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o high_a and_o uttermost_a sphere_n of_o all_o which_o bound_n and_o engirt_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o shall_v rest_v quiet_a and_o unmoveable_a then_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o intolerable_a motion_n as_o may_v endanger_v the_o whole_a fabric_n last_o i_o may_v add_v this_o one_o that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o movable_a can_v in_o my_o judgement_n hardly_o stand_v with_o the_o regularity_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o express_v it_o no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o astronomer_n for_o a_o regular_a motion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o in_o equal_a time_n a_o body_n be_v move_v through_o equal_a place_n but_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o movable_a concur_v with_o the_o sun_n annual_a motion_n will_v exclude_v this_o equality_n for_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o motion_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_n according_a to_o sense_n run_v â—uery_n day_n in_o a_o distinct_a parallel_n for_o although_o every_o minute_n he_o decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o tropic_n yet_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o sensible_a so_o that_o we_o may_v well_o every_o day_n assign_v a_o parallelll-inâ—_n to_o the_o sun_n motion_n second_o they_o must_v grant_v that_o these_o parallel_n be_v diminish_v and_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o towards_o the_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la three_o that_o as_o we_o have_v foreshow_v of_o two_o body_n move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n on_o the_o same_o centre_n that_o shall_v move_v fast_o which_o be_v great_a so_o one_o body_n move_v in_o diverse_a unequal_a circle_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v fast_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a here_o we_o may_v conclude_v he_o move_v fast_a in_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o in_o the_o tropic_n because_o in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a parallel_n in_o the_o
not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o that_o the_o star_n in_o some_o place_n shall_v be_v near_o in_o other_o far_a ofâ—_n they_o will_v somewhere_o seem_v great_a otherwhere_o lesser_a according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n this_o reason_n howsoever_o popular_a seem_v to_o admit_v a_o twofold_a exception_n first_o because_o it_o imply_v that_o a_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o all_o place_n and_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n whereas_o the_o heaven_n in_o the_o horizon_n be_v far_a distant_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o whole_a semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v second_o all_o star_n arise_v in_o the_o east_n or_o set_v in_o the_o west_n ordinary_o seem_v great_a than_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n by_o reason_n of_o vapour_n ascend_v and_o interpose_v whence_o we_o can_v well_o gather_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n from_o the_o like_a appearance_n of_o the_o star_n when_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a that_o they_o seem_v not_o always_o of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o first_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o superficies_n and_o centre_n be_v in_o itself_o great_a but_o this_o as_o we_o shall_v prove_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v so_o little_a that_o the_o sense_n can_v gather_v any_o difference_n in_o observation_n of_o the_o star_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v always_o appear_v of_o the_o like_a magnitude_n concern_v the_o second_o we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v that_o vapour_n ascend_v about_o the_o horizon_n by_o a_o opticall_a refraction_n make_v the_o star_n seem_v great_a than_o other_o wise_a they_o will_v do_v but_o the_o reason_n may_v be_v understand_v in_o this_o sort_n that_o whether_o a_o â—an_v be_v place_v in_o the_o same_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v when_o he_o rise_v or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o under_o his_o meridian_n or_o under_o that_o horizon_n where_o he_o be_v set_v he_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o greatness_n without_o any_o sensible_a difference_n whereas_o therefore_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o appearance_n of_o star_n they_o will_v have_v they_o take_v as_o abstract_v from_o all_o impediment_n of_o sight_n or_o interpose_v vapour_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n may_v obtain_v her_o force_n the_o four_o reason_n why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n allege_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o be_v this_o wheresoever_o any_o man_n stand_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n will_v show_v themselves_o and_o the_o other_o six_o sign_n will_v lie_v hide_v and_o by_o consequence_n half_o the_o heaven_n will_v appear_v the_o other_o half_o will_v be_v under_o which_o be_v a_o evident_a reason_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o so_o happen_v the_o former_a be_v confirm_v by_o ptolemy_n alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a â—ot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a but_o without_o the_o axletree_n that_o be_v to_o express_v it_o plain_o it_o must_v either_o be_v place_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o equal_o distant_a from_o both_o the_o pole_n or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v on_o the_o axletree_n and_o so_o consequent_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o the_o other_o or_o three_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v beside_o the_o axletree_n yet_o near_o to_o one_o pole_n then_o another_o if_o the_o first_o position_n be_v admit_v these_o absurdity_n will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v first_o that_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n there_o will_v happen_v no_o equinoctial_a but_o only_o in_o that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n for_o example_n sake_n â—et_o there_o be_v imagine_v a_o sphere_n bdce_n who_o centre_n be_v a_o let_v the_o equator_fw-la be_v de_fw-fr the_o axletree_n of_o the_o world_n bc_n and_o let_v the_o earth_n be_v in_o f_o the_o right_a horizon_n hg_v not_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n 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seem_v together_o to_o terminate_v the_o end_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o protension_n of_o the_o sight_n what_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o this_o horizon_n shall_v be_v have_v not_o be_v yet_o agree_v upon_o by_o all_o erastothenes_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v 44_o mile_n macrobius_n 23._o proclus_n 250._o albertus_n magnus_n 125._o these_o difference_n seem_v too_o great_a to_o admit_v of_o reconcilement_n yet_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n the_o disparity_n in_o account_n of_o mile_n betwixt_o the_o modern_a and_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o also_o betwixt_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n 2_o the_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o sightâ—_n the_o various_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o take_v their_o observation_n with_o other_o circumstance_n we_o shall_v diminish_v much_o of_o admiration_n but_o diverse_a other_o who_o opinion_n be_v more_o approve_a by_o modern_a cosmographer_n have_v define_v it_o to_o be_v about_o 63_o mile_n the_o cause_n why_o this_o 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declination_n for_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o six_o northern_a sign_n subtract_v from_o the_o meridian_n altitude_n or_o add_v the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o six_o southern_a sign_n will_v precise_o give_v the_o height_n of_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o meridian_n height_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o be_v once_o find_v we_o may_v work_v as_o in_o the_o former_a by_o the_o polestar_n we_o may_v likewise_o find_v it_o out_o if_o we_o observe_v it_o three_o distinct_a time_n in_o the_o same_o night_n for_o three_o point_n be_v give_v every_o geometrician_n will_v find_v out_o the_o centre_n which_o in_o this_o case_n must_v be_v the_o pole_n many_o other_o way_n have_v be_v invent_v by_o skilful_a astronomer_n which_o appertain_v rather_o to_o astronomy_n then_o cosmography_n i_o purposely_o omit_v 24_o concern_v the_o horizon_n two_o thing_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v note_v the_o invention_n and_o the_o distinction_n the_o invention_n be_v consider_v either_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o zenith_n or_o pole_n or_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n for_o both_o which_o we_o will_v set_v down_o these_o rule_n 1_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n subtract_v from_o the_o quadrant_a of_o 90_o degree_n the_o residue_n will_v show_v the_o zenith_n or_o distance_n of_o the_o zenith_n from_o the_o pole_n the_o reason_n be_v evident_a because_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n together_o with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o zenith_n make_v a_o arch_n which_o be_v a_o whole_a quadrant_a so_o that_o the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n subduct_v the_o distance_n will_v remain_v as_o for_o example_n if_o we_o put_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n here_o in_o oxford_n to_o be_v 51_o ½_o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o as_o have_v be_v former_o teach_v let_v these_o 51_o ½_o degree_n be_v subtract_v from_o 90_o then_o will_v remain_v 38_o ½_o which_o be_v the_o true_a zenith_n for_o that_o place_n 2_o a_o line_n which_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o a_o plummet_n perpendicular_o fall_v on_o it_o will_v design_n the_o horizontall_a plain_a the_o practice_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v usual_o show_v by_o artificer_n by_o a_o certain_a instrument_n call_v a_o level_n which_o be_v make_v in_o a_o triangle_n form_n from_o the_o vertex_fw-la or_o head_n of_o which_o a_o line_n with_o a_o plummet_n fall_v on_o the_o basis._n now_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o place_v that_o the_o line_n and_o plummet_n fall_v on_o the_o basis_n shall_v make_v right_a angle_n with_o it_o and_o cut_v the_o whole_a triangle_n into_o two_o equal_a half_n we_o may_v account_v the_o base-line_n to_o be_v the_o plain_a of_o the_o horizon_n for_o of_o this_o plain_a such_o be_v the_o position_n
that_o it_o incline_v no_o more_o on_o the_o one_o side_n then_o on_o the_o other_o but_o lie_v even_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o rest_v quiet_a without_o motion_n for_o howsoever_o the_o water_n so_o rest_v as_o we_o have_v former_o demonstrate_v be_v always_o spherical_a yet_o in_o a_o small_a distance_n in_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n it_o may_v to_o sense_n be_v represent_v by_o a_o plain_a 25_o so_o much_o for_o the_o invention_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v into_o three_o sort_n for_o either_o it_o be_v a_o right_a horizon_n or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_v 26_o a_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v right_a angle_n this_o distinction_n grow_v natural_o out_o of_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o equatour_n for_o since_o the_o equatour_n be_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o immovable_a circle_n and_o the_o horizon_n be_v mutable_a and_o change_v according_a to_o his_o diverse_a vertical_a point_n they_o can_v always_o keep_v the_o same_o situation_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o this_o they_o have_v reduce_v into_o three_o head_n for_o either_o it_o be_v right_o or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_n the_o right_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o right_a angle_n which_o the_o horizon_n make_v with_o the_o equator_fw-la wherein_o the_o two_o pole_n be_v always_o couch_v in_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o equator_fw-la pass_v direct_o over_o their_o head_n as_o be_v plain_a to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n here_o affix_v such_o a_o horizon_n have_v these_o inhabitant_n which_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n such_o a_o horizon_n agree_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n to_o a_o part_n of_o peru_n in_o america_n also_o to_o most_o of_o the_o molucco_n land_n the_o land_n of_o taprobana_n and_o s._n thomas_n but_o no_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v subject_a to_o such_o a_o right_a horizon_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n of_o orison_n be_v the_o natural_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v spherical_a as_o we_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o the_o site_n of_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o place_n also_o because_o wheresoever_o we_o be_v place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o impediment_n of_o the_o sight_n as_o mountain_n and_o valley_n put_v apart_o we_o can_v behold_v the_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o middle_a part_n be_v set_v down_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o part_n unseen_a by_o the_o horizon_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o either_o both_o the_o pole_n must_v be_v in_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o make_v a_o right_a sphere_n or_o at_o least_o one_o must_v be_v above_o and_o see_v and_o the_o other_o hide_v from_o the_o sight_n and_o so_o much_o as_o one_o be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n must_v the_o other_o be_v couch_v under_o it_o for_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v see_v more_o or_o less_o than_o a_o precise_a moiety_n or_o half_a of_o the_o heaven_n since_o the_o pole_n differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o half_a of_o the_o whole_a heaven_n to_o wit_n by_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o world_n 27_o a_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v oblique_a angle_n those_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o oblique_a horizon_n who_o site_n and_o position_n decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o equator_fw-la either_o to_o the_o north_n or_o south_n towards_o either_o pole_n yet_o so_o that_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o elevate_v so_o high_a as_o 90_o degree_n for_o than_o it_o become_v a_o parallel_n horizon_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o next_o the_o representation_n of_o such_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n may_v be_v see_v in_o this_o diagram_n wherein_o the_o horizon_n cut_v the_o equatour_n at_o oblique_a angle_n whence_o it_o be_v call_v oblique_a clavius_n seem_v to_o add_v another_o reason_n of_o this_o appellation_n to_o wit_n because_o in_o such_o a_o horizon_n one_o pole_n be_v always_o elevate_v above_o and_o the_o other_o hide_v but_o this_o reason_n seem_v too_o general_a as_o that_o which_o agree_v not_o only_o to_o a_o oblique_a but_o also_o to_o a_o parallel_n sphere_n from_o this_o horizon_n by_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sucrobosco_n the_o sphere_n be_v call_v artificial_a because_o as_o clavius_n conjecture_n it_o be_v variable_a and_o do_v natural_o divide_v the_o globe_n for_o whereas_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o right_a sphere_n pass_v by_o either_o pole_n it_o seem_v by_o itself_o as_o it_o be_v naturally_n and_o direct_o to_o divide_v the_o sphere_n and_o this_o division_n be_v no_o way_n variable_a as_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v more_o or_o less_o right_o but_o contrariwise_o in_o the_o oblique_a sphere_n since_o one_o pole_n be_v place_v above_o and_o the_o other_o beneath_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v out_o of_o his_o natural_a site_n and_o position_n moreover_o this_o oblique_a horizon_n be_v variable_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o habitation_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v to_o some_o more_o to_o other_o less_o oblique_a for_o so_o much_o the_o more_o oblique_a must_v it_o be_v by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o it_o be_v place_v to_o the_o pole_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o oblique_a sphere_n be_v such_o as_o seat_v betwixt_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o either_o of_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n or_o such_o as_o dwell_v betwixt_o either_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar-circle_n 28_o a_o parallel_n horizon_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v parallel_n to_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v no_o angle_n at_o all_o with_o it_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o horizon_n those_o inhabitant_n be_v say_v to_o have_v which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n who_o horizon_n cut_v not_o the_o equatour_n at_o any_o angle_n at_o all_o either_o right_o or_o oblique_a but_o lie_v parallel_n unto_o it_o as_o we_o see_v in_o this_o figure_n here_o set_v down_o some_o have_v reduce_v this_o kind_n of_o sphere_n to_o a_o oblique_a horizon_n in_o regard_n that_o in_o this_o site_n our_o pole_n be_v elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o depress_v under_o in_o which_o opinion_n clavius_n seem_v to_o second_o johannes_n de_fw-fr sacrobosco_n on_o who_o he_o comment_v but_o this_o be_v ridiculous_a because_o the_o sphere_n be_v call_v right_o or_o oblique_a as_o we_o have_v teach_v from_o the_o angle_n which_o the_o horizon_n make_v with_o the_o equator_fw-la wherefore_o that_o horizon_n which_o make_v no_o angle_n at_o all_o can_v be_v call_v either_o right_a or_o oblique_a but_o be_v necessary_o distinguish_v from_o either_o on_o this_o distinction_n of_o orison_n be_v ground_v the_o division_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o three_o kind_n of_o sphere_n of_o who_o accident_n and_o propriety_n we_o shall_v more_o full_o treat_v hereafter_o in_o the_o dictinction_n of_o the_o part_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n because_o such_o propriety_n can_v so_o well_o be_v teach_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n who_o nature_n and_o fabric_n we_o shall_v labour_v god_n will_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n to_o unfold_v chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o real_a we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v a_o expression_n or_o imitation_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o the_o artificial_a imitation_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a the_o common_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o in_o the_o geographical_a map_n or_o table_n 3_o the_o geographical_a globe_n be_v a_o round_a solid_a body_n adorn_v with_o lineament_n &_o picture_n serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o geographer_n who_o be_v the_o first_o inuentour_n of_o this_o artificial_a globe_n it_o be_v not_o evident_a some_o think_v with_o pliny_n that_o it_o be_v find_v out_o by_o atlas_n and_o carry_v into_o greece_n by_o hercules_n other_o have_v ascribe_v it_o to_o anaximander_n milesius_n some_o to_o musaeus_n as_o diogenes_n laërtius_n other_o to_o other_o author_n among_o who_o architas_n tarentinus_n be_v not_o forget_v as_o one_o that_o be_v esteem_v the_o rare_a mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n but_o all_o these_o be_v outstripped_n by_o archimedes_n the_o syracusan_a mathematician_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v compose_v a_o sphere_n of_o transparent_a glass_n represent_v unto_o the_o life_n the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o heaven_n wherein_o the_o sun_n
92_o 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n &_o contrariwise_o 98_o 4_o of_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o wind_n 101_o 5_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n 102_o 6_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n 103_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n &_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n 104_o 2_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_a 109_o 3_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o 111_o 4_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry-land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a 115_o 5_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o with_o sea_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n 116_o 6_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v enuirnoe_v round_o with_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n 117_o chap._n viii_o ofsea_n traffic_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n 132_o 2_o navigation_n be_v very_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o knowledge_n as_o riches_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o river_n 142_o 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n 155_o 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o 156_o 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n 157_o 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n 159_o 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n 162_o 7_o of_o lake_n and_o their_o cause_n 162_o 8_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n 163_o chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n 165_o 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n 169_o 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n 171_o 4_o mountain_n country_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o plain_a 172_o 5_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v unto_o the_o end_n 174_o 6_o of_o wood_n and_o their_o nature_n 178_o 7_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a or_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n 179_o 8_o place_n moderate_o situate_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south-pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n 180_o chap._n xi_o of_o land_n and_o continent_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n but_o be_v afterward_o make_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n 184_o 2_o peninsula_n by_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o peninsalas_o by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n 189_o chap._n xii_o of_o inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v from_o natural_a cause_n 193_o 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o the_o bond_n of_o country_n by_o particular_a inundation_n 195_o 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n 197_o 4_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 201_o 5_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n 202_o 6_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n 203_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o inhabitant_n 1_o all_o nation_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o one_o stock_n whence_o afterward_o they_o become_v divide_v 206_o 2_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plant_v in_o paradise_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v 208_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n 213_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o well_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n 221_o 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o complexion_n hot_a and_o moist_a those_o towards_o the_o equatour_n cold_a and_o dry_a those_o of_o the_o middle_a partake_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 226_o 3_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_n to_o law_n and_o civility_n 232_o 4_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_a the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n 236_o 5_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o 239_o 6_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n and_o magnificence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a 250_o 7_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o contemplative_a science_n 252_o 8_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a 255_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o soil_n 1_o mountaine-people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n 256_o 2_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a 273_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_n and_o education_n 1_o colony_n translate_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_a remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a &_o little_a they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n 278_o 2_o the_o mixture_n of_o colonies_n beget_v the_o same_o nation_n a_o great_a disparity_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o themselves_o 278_o 3_o education_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o natural_a disposition_n yet_o so_o as_o by_o accident_n remit_v they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a temper_n  _fw-fr 4_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v more_o wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 283_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o second_o book_n general_n which_o of_o a_o place_n general_o take_v without_o any_o special_a division_n handle_v the_o adjunct_n and_o propriety_n these_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v internal_a or_o external_a common_a or_o magnetical_a whereof_o chapter_n 2._o heaven_n which_o be_v general_n or_o special_a chapt._n 3_o
the_o other_o at_o the_o end_n the_o former_a be_v think_v not_o habitable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o heat_n because_o the_o sunbeam_n there_o fall_v perpendicular_o and_o so_o make_v a_o great_a reflection_n the_o other_o for_o extremity_n of_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n cause_v little_a or_o no_o reflection_n whence_o a_o second_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o extreme_a drought_n of_o those_o place_n which_o seem_v most_o opposite_a to_o man_n temper_n require_v a_o reasonable_a degree_n of_o moisture_n but_o notwithstanding_o these_o reason_n of_o the_o ancient_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v confess_v as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n confirm_v by_o experience_n of_o many_o nâ—uigatours_n that_o those_o region_n by_o they_o imagine_v unfit_a for_o habitation_n be_v not_o only_o habitable_a but_o in_o many_o place_n very_o populous_a neither_o want_n there_o many_o reason_n find_v out_o by_o latter_a writer_n to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o this_o opinion_n some_o whereof_o we_o have_v already_o touch_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n first_o whereas_o they_o urge_v the_o place_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o be_v unhabitable_a by_o reason_n of_o intemperate_a heat_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v then_o always_o equal_a contain_v not_o above_o 12_o hour_n so_o that_o the_o space_n of_o either_o be_v short_a the_o cold_a of_o the_o night_n may_v well_o assuage_v the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n another_o reason_n be_v ordinary_o take_v from_o the_o extraordinary_o high_a mountain_n common_o place_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a which_o approach_v near_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n must_v of_o necessity_n partake_v some_o what_o more_o of_o cold_a which_o daily_a experience_n can_v witness_v in_o that_o their_o top_n â—_o be_v cover_v with_o snow_n even_o in_o the_o depth_n of_o summer_n three_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o this_o region_n be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o this_o cold_a temper_n because_o water_n be_v find_v to_o be_v by_o nature_n cold_a four_o the_o set_n and_o certain_a wind_n by_o nature_n ordain_v to_o blow_v in_o the_o hot_a time_n of_o the_o year_n may_v add_v much_o to_o temperature_n five_o the_o extraordinary_a rain_n and_o shower_n which_o those_o place_n suffer_v which_o be_v under_o the_o line_n especial_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o the_o asswage_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n last_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v from_o their_o cradle_n enure_v to_o no_o other_o quality_n or_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n will_v take_v away_o much_o from_o our_o admiration_n on_o the_o other_o side_n no_o small_a reason_n may_v be_v show_v why_o the_o region_n lie_v near_o or_o under_o the_o pole_n shall_v not_o be_v so_o extreme_o cold_a but_o that_o they_o may_v admit_v of_o habitation_n first_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v for_o six_o month_n together_o above_o their_o horizon_n must_v needs_o impress_v into_o the_o air_n more_o heat_n than_o otherwise_o it_o will_v do_v beside_o the_o thickness_n incorporate_v as_o it_o be_v with_o heat_n must_v needs_o receive_v into_o it_o more_o degree_n of_o it_o then_o a_o thin_a and_o more_o refine_a air_n because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n most_o common_o suppose_v the_o condensation_n or_o thicken_a of_o the_o subject_n wherein_o it_o be_v but_o no_o great_a reason_n can_v be_v show_v in_o this_o point_n then_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o northern_a inhabitant_n expose_v from_o their_o infancy_n to_o no_o other_o temperament_n if_o we_o shall_v ask_v a_o reason_n why_o we_o unmask_v our_o face_n against_o the_o encounter_n of_o the_o great_a cold_a be_v a_o soft_a and_o tender_a part_n not_o dare_v to_o uncover_v our_o other_o part_n what_o reason_n can_v a_o man_n invent_v but_o custom_n if_o any_o shall_v ask_v why_o barbarous_a people_n live_v in_o far_o cold_a climate_n than_o this_o of_o we_o go_v altogether_o naked_a whereas_o the_o cold_a be_v mother_n of_o many_o disease_n among_o we_o who_o go_v always_o clothe_v only_o use_v and_o custom_n can_v yield_v a_o answer_n these_o reason_n make_v it_o probable_a enough_o that_o no_o place_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v by_o nature_n make_v not_o habitable_a now_o that_o it_o be_v not_o only_o inhabitable_a by_o nature_n but_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n true_o inhabit_v will_v appear_v as_o easy_o if_o we_o trust_v the_o testimony_n of_o navigatour_n which_o have_v discover_v few_o or_o no_o region_n want_v some_o inhabitant_n but_o that_o this_o proposition_n may_v be_v more_o distinct_o understand_v we_o must_v know_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v divide_v into_o sea_n and_o land_n for_o the_o sea_n we_o may_v call_v it_o habitable_a in_o that_o large_a sense_n before_o mention_v to_o wit_n that_o on_o it_o every_o where_o man_n in_o ship_n may_v breathe_v and_o live_v which_o be_v plain_a out_o of_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n who_o have_v sail_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o have_v enter_v far_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o south_n where_o at_o least_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n or_o other_o they_o may_v find_v the_o way_n passable_a for_o the_o land_n which_o be_v here_o principal_o understand_v we_o must_v note_v that_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o for_o every_o little_a quillet_n or_o parcel_n of_o land_n contane_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o for_o a_o certain_a region_n of_o some_o indifferent_a greatness_n in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o be_v too_o much_o to_o affirm_v every_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v habitable_a for_o as_o much_o as_o many_o place_n as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_n or_o the_o sand_n of_o africa_n proper_o admit_v of_o no_o habitation_n yet_o in_o a_o improper_a and_o large_a sense_n they_o may_v be_v call_v habitable_a because_o on_o they_o a_o man_n may_v live_v and_o breath_n for_o a_o certain_a space_n of_o time_n but_o if_o by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o land_n we_o understand_v some_o reasonable_a greatness_n no_o great_a doubt_n can_v be_v make_v but_o that_o it_o be_v either_o already_o inhabit_v by_o mankind_n or_o can_v at_o least_o admit_v of_o habitation_n as_o that_o which_o not_o only_o for_o a_o time_n afford_v a_o man_n life_n and_o breath_n but_o also_o some_o convenient_a mean_n of_o sustenance_n for_o no_o country_n have_v ever_o be_v find_v so_o indigent_a and_o barren_a of_o all_o vital_a aide_n which_o be_v neither_o capable_a of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o land_n fit_a for_o man_n nourishment_n or_o that_o can_v draw_v fish_n from_o the_o sea_n or_o if_o this_o shall_v fail_v can_v afford_v fruit_n or_o herbage_n from_o the_o ground_n or_o in_o case_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v deficient_a can_v have_v passage_n by_o water_n to_o other_o country_n whence_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o no_o question_n but_o nature_n have_v store_v every_o country_n with_o some_o commodity_n or_o other_o which_o by_o traffic_n may_v draw_v riches_n from_o other_o region_n as_o by_o instance_n may_v more_o particular_o appear_v hereafter_o when_o we_o shall_v speak_v of_o particular_a region_n and_o their_o several_a accident_n 2_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v suffer_v manifold_a alteration_n and_o change_n as_o well_o in_o name_n as_o nature_n i_o need_v not_o spend_v time_n to_o demonstrate_v this_o assertion_n for_o that_o every_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v be_v subject_a to_o much_o mutation_n in_o the_o process_n of_o time_n as_o well_o in_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n as_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n a_o few_o obvious_a instance_n in_o each_o country_n will_v easy_o certify_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o seem_v amiss_o i_o hope_v to_o show_v the_o progress_n manner_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n which_o will_v give_v no_o small_a satisfaction_n to_o discourse_v of_o all_o change_n according_a to_o all_o time_n be_v a_o matter_n infinite_a we_o may_v refer_v all_o to_o two_o head_n to_o wit_n the_o change_n of_o name_n and_o the_o change_n of_o nature_n concern_v the_o former_a that_o most_o country_n have_v change_v their_o first_o and_o original_a name_n be_v most_o evident_a to_o such_o as_o consult_v the_o map_n and_o write_n of_o our_o common_a geographer_n for_o few_o or_o none_o will_v discover_v unto_o we_o any_o region_n by_o that_o name_n by_o which_o it_o be_v know_v in_o former_a time_n in_o so_o much_o as_o great_a controversy_n and_o dispute_n have_v grow_v about_o diverse_a country_n mention_v by_o ancient_a writer_n whereof_o the_o name_n shall_v take_v its_o first_o original_a but_o of_o this_o change_n we_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o but_o if_o we_o
cause_v common_o two_o way_n either_o by_o contagion_n natural_o incident_a to_o diverse_a place_n or_o by_o hostile_a invasion_n and_o devastation_n of_o this_o latter_a arise_v two_o main_a effect_n the_o first_o be_v the_o want_n and_o scarcity_n of_o inhabitant_n which_o shall_v dress_v and_o manure_v the_o ground_n to_o make_v it_o more_o fruitful_a and_o accommodate_v to_o man_n use_n the_o second_o be_v their_o poverty_n and_o captivity_n whereof_o the_o one_o make_v they_o unable_a the_o second_o unwilling_a to_o effect_v any_o great_a matter_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o land_n a_o good_a instance_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v in_o the_o land_n of_o palestine_n which_o in_o time_n pass_v by_o god_n himself_o be_v call_v a_o land_n flow_v with_o milk_n and_o honey_n for_o the_o admirable_a pleasantness_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n yet_o at_o this_o day_n if_o we_o will_v credit_v traveller_n report_v a_o most_o barren_a region_n devoid_a almost_o of_o all_o good_a commodity_n fit_a for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n in_o the_o ruin_n of_o which_o sometime_o famous_a kingdom_n every_o bleere-eyed_n judgement_n may_v easy_o read_v god_n curse_v long_o since_o denounce_v which_o strange_a alteration_n next_o unto_o god_n anger_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o hostile_a invasion_n of_o foreign_a enemy_n which_o have_v almost_o lâ—ft_a the_o land_n waste_n without_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n whence_o it_o can_v not_o choose_v in_o a_o short_a time_n but_o degenerate_a from_o the_o ancient_a fruitfulness_n the_o like_a may_v we_o find_v in_o all_o those_o miserable_a region_n which_o groan_n at_o this_o day_n under_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o usurp_a turk_n whence_o a_o proverb_n run_v currant_n among_o they_o that_o where_o the_o turk_n horse_n have_v once_o graze_v no_o grass_n will_v ever_o aftâ—r_o grow_v which_o signify_v no_o other_o than_o the_o barbarous_a manner_n of_o the_o turk_n have_v once_o conquer_v a_o land_n to_o lay_v it_o open_v ever_o after_o to_o devastation_n for_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n warlike_a man_n train_v up_o in_o martial_a discipline_n they_o little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o regard_n the_o use_n of_o husbandry_n whence_o in_o short_a time_n a_o country_n must_v needs_o turn_n wild_a and_o unfruitful_a to_o these_o cause_n we_o may_v add_v the_o influence_n of_o heavenly_a constellation_n which_o be_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o time_n produce_v no_o small_a effect_n in_o the_o change_n and_o alteration_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o diverse_a alteration_n in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o be_v our_o second_o point_n we_o have_v referâ—â—ed_v to_o another_o place_n near_o the_o end_n of_o this_o tract_n to_o which_o be_v proper_o appertain_v 3_o place_n have_v long_o continue_v without_o habitation_n be_v seldom_o so_o healthy_a and_o fit_a for_o dwell_v as_o those_o which_o have_v be_v inhabit_v this_o proposition_n i_o have_v know_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o experience_a navigator_n in_o so_o much_o as_o i_o presume_v few_o man_n can_v doubt_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o it_o who_o have_v either_o be_v a_o travaller_n himself_o into_o far_a country_n or_o at_o least_o have_v read_v other_o man_n discovery_n the_o only_a matter_n therefore_o we_o here_o intend_v be_v to_o produce_v certain_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o such_o as_o make_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o effect_n and_o inquiry_n of_o the_o cause_n the_o first_o cause_n which_o i_o can_v allege_v be_v the_o industry_n of_o mankind_n inhabit_v any_o country_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a theorem_a out_o of_o which_o arise_v a_o twofold_a effect_n 1_o the_o improve_v of_o the_o soil_n by_o remove_v all_o such_o impediment_n as_o otherwise_o will_v prove_v noisome_a to_o mankind_n for_o whereas_o all_o thing_n grow_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n be_v suffer_v to_o rot_v into_o the_o ground_n in_o like_a manner_n what_o other_o can_v we_o expect_v but_o fen_n fog_n and_o noisome_a vapour_n altogether_o hurtful_a to_o the_o welfare_n and_o life_n of_o man_n 2_o the_o profit_n of_o man_n industry_n be_v no_o less_o apparent_a in_o manure_v the_o ground_n and_o open_v the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o diverse_a substance_n send_v forth_o many_o time_n certain_a hot_a fume_n and_o vapour_n which_o in_o many_o cold_a country_n mollify_v the_o usual_a rigour_n of_o the_o air_n which_o most_o offend_v the_o inhabitant_n this_o reason_n be_v give_v by_o my_o countryman_n captain_n whitborne_n for_o the_o extreme_a cold_a which_o some_o man_n profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v try_v in_o newfoundland_n which_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o many_o man_n description_n be_v know_v to_o lie_v far_o more_o south_n than_o england_n for_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n drive_v into_o the_o north_n part_n by_o the_o european_n who_o usual_o trade_n there_o for_o fish_n and_o they_o themselves_o live_v altogether_o on_o fish_n from_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o wild_a beast_n on_o the_o land_n as_o bear_n dear_a and_o such_o like_a without_o any_o manure_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o herbage_n the_o soil_n by_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n leave_v altogether_o unmanured_a so_o that_o neither_o the_o soil_n can_v be_v well_o cleanse_v from_o noisome_a vapour_n arise_v from_o the_o putrefaction_n of_o herbage_n rot_v as_o i_o say_v into_o the_o ground_n or_o leave_v free_a to_o send_v out_o such_o wholesome_a fume_n and_o vapour_n from_o its_o interior_a part_n which_o may_v warm_v the_o air_n and_o preserve_v mankind_n 3_o a_o three_o reason_n draw_v from_o man_n industry_n that_o those_o country_n which_o have_v enjoy_v inhabitant_n by_o the_o continual_a use_n of_o fire_n have_v their_o air_n more_o purge_v and_o refine_v from_o drossy_a and_o noisome_a vapour_n which_o usual_o arise_v out_o of_o a_o contagious_a soil_n daily_o infect_v by_o putrefaction_n for_o scarce_o any_o nation_n have_v be_v know_v so_o barbarous_a and_o ignorant_a which_o have_v not_o the_o invention_n and_o use_n of_o fire_n neither_o be_v any_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n so_o pestilent_a and_o opposite_a to_o humane_a constitution_n which_o the_o breath_n of_o fire_n will_v not_o in_o some_o sort_n dispel_v if_o any_o man_n object_n the_o distance_n of_o house_n and_o village_n wherein_o fire_n be_v use_v which_o seem_v to_o claim_v a_o small_a interest_n in_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n hang_v over_o a_o whole_a country_n let_v he_o well_o consider_v the_o quickness_n of_o motion_n and_o fluidity_n of_o the_o air_n pass_v as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o moment_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o he_o may_v soon_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n all_o those_o reason_n hitherto_o mention_v a_o inhabit_a region_n owe_v to_o man_n industry_n which_o we_o general_o touch_v in_o the_o precedent_n theorem_a the_o second_o cause_n which_o be_v as_o a_o consequent_a of_o habitation_n be_v the_o necessity_n of_o breathe_v of_o people_n live_v in_o any_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n whereby_o may_v follow_v two_o effect_n 1_o a_o certain_a measure_n of_o heat_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n as_o we_o see_v in_o any_o room_n in_o a_o great_a throng_n of_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o breathe_n together_o in_o one_o place_n 2_o the_o assimilation_n of_o the_o air_n to_o humane_a body_n by_o a_o continual_a respiration_n these_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n may_v perhaps_o to_o common_a apprehension_n seem_v small_a and_o insensible_a but_o he_o that_o consider_v how_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o air_n be_v requisite_a for_o a_o man_n respiration_n and_o the_o space_n and_o extent_n of_o motion_n together_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o a_o populous_a country_n will_v hold_v it_o no_o strange_a matter_n that_o the_o breathe_n of_o man_n shall_v breed_v such_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o strong_a build_v house_n be_v leave_v tenantlesse_a will_v soon_o fall_v into_o decay_n not_o so_o much_o for_o want_v of_o reparation_n as_o the_o foggy_a vapour_n and_o moisture_n cause_v by_o want_n of_o respiration_n the_o like_a whereof_o in_o some_o proportion_n may_v we_o imagine_v to_o be_v in_o a_o region_n want_v inhabitant_n and_o deprive_v of_o this_o benefit_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_n adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o in_o a_o place_n topographical_o take_v two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o adjunct_n 2_o the_o description_n the_o adjunct_n be_v such_o propriety_n as_o agree_v to_o special_a place_n 2_o such_o adjunct_n agree_v to_o a_o place_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n those_o which_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o
traveller_n report_v or_o some_o small_a observation_n of_o heavenly_a body_n or_o sound_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n settle_v our_o opinion_n and_o make_v a_o plain_a distinction_n 2_o the_o declination_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v also_o be_v find_v out_o although_o not_o without_o some_o error_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o assertion_n we_o have_v former_o handle_v in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n where_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o magnetical_a needle_n be_v always_o answerable_a in_o some_o proportion_n to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o declination_n any_o where_o be_v find_v out_o together_o with_o the_o proportion_n the_o latititude_n must_v needs_o be_v know_v in_o this_o point_n i_o refer_v my_o reader_n to_o d._n ridleye_n late_a treatise_n of_o magnetical_a body_n and_o motion_n wherein_o he_o by_o the_o help_n of_o m._n briges_n have_v calculate_v a_o certain_a brief_a table_n for_o this_o purpose_n but_o that_o this_o manner_n of_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n must_v needs_o admit_v of_o some_o error_n can_v well_o be_v deny_v for_o as_o much_o as_o gilbert_n ridley_n and_o other_o which_o have_v write_v of_o this_o subject_n have_v acknowledge_v this_o motion_n of_o declination_n to_o be_v in_o many_o place_n irregular_a and_o not_o answerable_a in_o due_a proportion_n to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n which_o diverse_a friend_n of_o i_o well_o experience_v in_o magnetical_a experiment_n have_v to_o their_o great_a wonder_n confess_v 12_o this_o much_o for_o the_o internal_a adjunct_n the_o external_a i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v not_o impress_v into_o the_o earth_n but_o external_o adjacent_a or_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o here_o ought_v we_o to_o consider_v the_o air_n adjoin_v to_o any_o place_n with_o his_o quality_n and_o propriety_n 13_o the_o airy_a property_n of_o a_o place_n consist_v in_o such_o matter_n wherewith_o the_o air_n according_a to_o diverse_a place_n be_v diverse_o affect_v and_o dispose_v in_o the_o air_n we_o ought_v to_o note_v a_o twofold_a temper_n and_o quality_n the_o one_o inbred_a and_o essential_a the_o other_o external_a and_o accidental_a â—he_v former_a whether_o it_o be_v heat_v join_v with_o moisture_n as_o aristotle_n affirm_v or_o cold_a join_v with_o moisture_n as_o some_o other_o i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o natural_a philosopher_n to_o dispute_v the_o latter_a be_v that_o to_o which_o our_o purpose_n be_v chief_o engage_v and_o that_o no_o far_o then_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o topical_a description_n of_o a_o special_a country_n these_o accident_n be_v so_o various_a and_o many_o we_o be_v enforce_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o a_o few_o general_a head_n which_o we_o will_v couch_v in_o this_o our_o theorem_a 1_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o soil_n those_o thing_n wherewith_o the_o aerial_a region_n be_v affect_v be_v of_o two_o sort_n to_o wit_n either_o the_o temperament_n consist_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n or_o else_o the_o body_n themselves_o as_o meteor_n draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n whereof_o these_o accidental_a disposition_n arise_v that_o both_o these_o chief_o depend_v from_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o earthly_a soil_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n many_o reason_n will_v demonstrate_v first_o that_o meteor_n whatsoever_o they_o be_v take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v plain_a 1_o out_o of_o the_o name_n which_o signify_v thing_n lift_v up_o to_o show_v that_o a_o meteor_n be_v lift_v and_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n 2_o out_o of_o the_o material_a composition_n which_o can_v no_o where_o else_o take_v this_o composition_n for_o either_o we_o shall_v derive_v it_o from_o the_o heaven_n or_o from_o the_o air_n itself_o or_o from_o the_o fire_n from_o the_o heaven_n it_o can_v take_v original_a because_o it_o be_v corruptible_a and_o therefore_o of_o no_o heavenly_a substance_n according_a to_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n not_o from_o itself_o because_o the_o air_n be_v suppose_v a_o simple_a and_o uncompounded_a body_n can_v admit_v of_o such_o mixture_n not_o from_o the_o fire_n first_o because_o all_o meteor_n partake_v not_o of_o fiery_a nature_n second_o because_o fire_n can_v well_o subsist_v but_o of_o some_o matter_n whereon_o it_o may_v work_v and_o conserve_v itself_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o that_o which_o be_v of_o a_o glutinous_a substance_n which_o we_o no_o where_o find_v but_o in_o the_o earthly_a globe_n consist_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n out_o of_o who_o storehouse_n the_o matter_n of_o all_o such_o pendulous_a substance_n in_o the_o air_n be_v derive_v these_o meteor_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o direct_o and_o immediate_o by_o a_o immediate_a ascent_n or_o rise_n of_o exhalation_n from_o some_o one_o particular_a place_n into_o the_o airy_a space_n right_o over_o it_o second_o oblique_o to_o wit_n when_o vapour_n or_o other_o such_o exhalation_n be_v by_o some_o violence_n or_o other_o carry_v from_o one_o place_n into_o another_o as_o wind_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o one_o place_n continual_o blow_v into_o another_o again_o the_o former_a may_v happen_v two_o way_n for_o either_o this_o rise_n of_o exhalation_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n be_v ordinary_a or_o extraordinary_a ordinary_a i_o call_v that_o whereby_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n or_o earth_n be_v continual_o spread_v and_o diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o we_o can_v imagine_v otherwise_o then_o that_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n the_o terrestrial_a globe_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n continual_o send_v and_o evaporate_v out_o some_o thin_a or_o rarify_v part_n wherewith_o 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show_v why_o of_o two_o place_n although_o both_o like_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o other_o circumstance_n one_o shall_v be_v hot_a the_o other_o cold_a one_o healthy_a another_o contagious_a the_o one_o of_o a_o sharp_a and_o thin_a air_n the_o other_o of_o a_o foggy_a &_o dull_a temper_n for_o no_o question_n but_o the_o mineral_n matter_n whereof_o the_o soil_n of_o the_o earth_n consist_v be_v not_o every_o where_o solid_a and_o hard_a but_o every_o where_o intermedle_v with_o a_o vaporous_a and_o fluid_n substance_n must_v needs_o challenge_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o air_n aâ—_n that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o mother_n if_o not_o of_o the_o air_n itself_o yet_o at_o least_o of_o the_o accidental_a disposition_n thereof_o the_o extraordinary_a evaporation_n i_o call_v such_o as_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n by_o some_o extraordinary_a concourse_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o some_o other_o star_n these_o be_v many_o time_n subject_a to_o sense_n which_o happen_v not_o at_o all_o time_n and_o place_n such_o as_o be_v cloud_n wind_n and_o such_o like_a which_o arise_v not_o natural_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n by_o a_o perpetual_a emanation_n but_o be_v by_o some_o great_a strength_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o star_n ratify_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o air_n about_o it_o now_o for_o the_o meteor_n indirect_o and_o oblique_o belong_v to_o any_o place_n among_o many_o other_o instance_n we_o may_v bring_v the_o wind_n which_o blow_v from_o one_o region_n to_o another_o which_o according_a to_o ordinary_a experience_n partake_v of_o a_o twofold_a quality_n the_o one_o derive_v from_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o be_v engender_v the_o other_o from_o the_o region_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o may_v appear_v by_o our_o four_o cardinal_n wind_n as_o they_o be_v with_o we_o in_o england_n belgia_n and_o high_a germany_n for_o first_o
our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o western_a wind_n we_o may_v also_o perceive_v much_o cold_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o watery_a vapour_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o water_n be_v natural_o cold_a in_o our_o south_n wind_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereof_o the_o former_a arise_v from_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o those_o southern_a region_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o latter_a from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n because_o before_o it_o approach_v our_o coast_n it_o pass_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n beget_v abundance_n of_o watery_a vapour_n which_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o wind_n final_o the_o northwind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v cold_a because_o it_o be_v carry_v over_o diverse_a cold_a and_o snowy_a place_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v dry_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o many_o land_n and_o dry_a place_n send_v out_o store_n of_o dry_a exhalation_n as_o also_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v very_o remote_a from_o those_o region_n few_o exhalation_n be_v draw_v up_o which_o may_v infect_v it_o by_o impression_n of_o their_o watery_a quality_n these_o instance_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n that_o meteor_n wherewith_o the_o air_n be_v usual_o charge_v and_o by_o consequence_n their_o quality_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n be_v depend_v from_o the_o earth_n out_o of_o which_o they_o be_v draw_v either_o direct_o from_o the_o same_o region_n which_o they_o affect_v or_o oblique_o from_o some_o other_o region_n remote_a from_o it_o howsoever_o we_o observe_v that_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n depend_v from_o the_o soil_n we_o can_v altogether_o exclude_v the_o heaven_n as_o shall_v be_v teach_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o heaven_n 1_o we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o it_o self_n we_o be_v now_o to_o proceed_v to_o such_o accident_n as_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 2_o the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v abstract_v from_o any_o special_a quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n these_o accident_n concern_v either_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o the_o division_n of_o the_o place_n both_o which_o we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n the_o special_a be_v such_o as_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n not_o absolute_o but_o respect_v some_o special_a quality_n or_o property_n depend_v on_o such_o situation_n which_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o 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the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o which_o we_o shall_v more_o special_o declare_v the_o former_a in_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o in_o due_a place_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o material_a constitution_n and_o manner_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 2_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o place_n may_v be_v divide_v two_o way_n first_o into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n second_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n 3_o any_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o arctic_a pole_n southern_a betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o antarcticke-pole_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v northern_a lie_v towards_o the_o northern_a or_o arctic_a pole_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o other_o pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a but_o here_o to_o clear_v all_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a or_o southern_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o respective_o absolute_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n be_v term_v when_o they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a hemisphere_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o this_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v respective_o northern_a may_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o region_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o take_v to_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v particular_o note_v these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_a general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n we_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o
every_o region_n or_o country_n a_o special_a quality_n or_o temper_n although_o lie_v or_o situate_a under_o the_o same_o latitude_n but_o here_o exclude_v all_o concurrent_a cause_n which_o may_v vary_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o soil_n we_o consider_v the_o disposition_n of_o a_o place_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o heavenly_a influence_n oâ—_n operation_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o can_v deny_v to_o a_o place_n of_o like_a 〈◊〉_d a_o like_a nature_n for_o as_o philosopher_n use_v to_o speak_v simile_n qua_fw-la simile_n semper_fw-la aptum_fw-la natum_fw-la est_fw-la simile_n producere_fw-la like_a cause_n always_o produce_v like_o effect_n so_o the_o heaven_n in_o like_a distance_n be_v dispose_v alike_o as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o light_a as_o influence_n can_v but_o affect_v â—hose_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o selfsame_o manner_n for_o the_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v light_a and_o influenceâ—_n for_o both_o the_o light_n and_o influence_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o place_n of_o equal_a latitude_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o equatour_n it_o be_v cast_v equal_o both_o the_o one_o and_o â—he_v other_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o direct_a lâ—â—es_n of_o 〈◊〉_d which_o with_o the_o horizon_n make_v like_o angle_n now_o that_o the_o validity_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o operative_a ray_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v according_a to_o the_o right_n or_o oblique_a incidency_n make_v right_a or_o oblique_a angle_n no_o mathematician_n will_v gain_v say_v but_o here_o we_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o we_o only_o consider_v the_o heaven_n aâ—â—ording_v to_o his_o general_a infâ—â—ence_n or_o operation_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o sun_n not_o of_o the_o special_a operation_n of_o special_a star_n for_o it_o may_v be_v some_o particular_a constellation_n in_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n may_v be_v endow_v with_o some_o special_a influence_n which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o southern_a or_o the_o south_n in_o this_o kind_n go_v beyond_o the_o north._n but_o this_o kind_n of_o influence_n be_v rare_a and_o hard_a to_o fond_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o diverse_a constellation_n in_o their_o operation_n in_o the_o same_o subject_n and_o howsoever_o it_o be_v well_o know_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o notable_a to_o take_v place_n before_o this_o common_a rule_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o take_v place_n if_o not_o exact_o yet_o common_o throughout_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n thus_o bodin_n show_v a_o great_a likeness_n betwixt_o the_o high_a germany_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o america_n out_o of_o the_o great_a stature_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o must_v needs_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v situate_a very_o near_o under_o the_o same_o parallel_n the_o like_a correspondency_n have_v 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spaniard_n giveâ—_n that_o occasion_n of_o complaint_n to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr quiâ—_n the_o late_a discoverer_n of_o some_o of_o these_o part_n have_v not_o the_o spanish_a king_n think_v such_o a_o expedition_n either_o altogether_o fruitless_a or_o to_o little_a purpose_n for_o who_o know_v not_o the_o spâ—niard_n to_o be_v â—_o nâ—tion_n â—s_n covetous_a of_o richesse_n as_o ambitious_a to_o pursue_v 〈◊〉_d sovereignty_n as_o such_o who_o will_v more_o willing_o expoâ—â—_n the_o life_n of_o their_o own_o subject_n then_o loose_a the_o least_o title_n over_o other_o country_n this_o may_v be_v a_o probable_a argument_n that_o thâ—s_v continent_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o so_o well_o smile_v on_o the_o ambition_n of_o this_o proud_a nation_n as_o some_o other_o â—_z for_o political_a and_o martial_a affair_n how_o far_o short_a iâ—_n conâ—â—s_v of_o our_o northern_a hemisphere_n i_o shall_v speak_v in_o due_a place_n where_o i_o shall_v handle_v the_o 〈◊〉_d disposition_n of_o 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of_o â—_z as_o warrant_a by_o the_o
holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a â—hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ—_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ—_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuâ—â—g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o â—he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâ—punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gâ—â—wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ—_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ—_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâ—aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o â—ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâ—r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o 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former_a lie_v towards_o the_o equatour_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o betwixt_o both_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o zone_n which_o they_o suppose_v have_v also_o proportional_o divide_v the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a shall_v in_o rease_n or_o diminish_v which_o rule_n of_o they_o have_v be_v very_o certain_a be_v there_o no_o other_o cause_n concurrent_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n but_o only_o the_o heaven_n but_o since_o that_o many_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v show_v mix_v themselves_o with_o these_o celestial_a operation_n and_o the_o experiment_n of_o navigatour_n have_v find_v out_o a_o disproportion_n in_o the_o quality_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n some_o 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guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o pâ—rguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o â—eruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
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partake_v more_o of_o chollâ—r-adust_a or_o melancholy_a but_o this_o point_n we_o shall_v more_o full_o prosecute_v in_o due_a place_n to_o show_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n be_v very_o difficult_a those_o which_o in_o wit_n and_o learning_n have_v far_o exceed_v my_o poor_a scantling_n have_v herein_o rather_o confess_v their_o own_o ignorance_n than_o adventure_v their_o judgement_n it_o be_v enough_o to_o satisfy_v a_o ingenuous_a mind_n to_o believe_v that_o almighty_a god_n be_v please_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n to_o endow_v the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o a_o better_a temper_n of_o the_o soil_n from_o whence_o all_o the_o rest_n derive_v their_o original_n which_o seem_v not_o improbable_a in_o that_o he_o make_v asia_n the_o first_o rest_v place_n of_o man_n after_o the_o creation_n the_o second_o seminary_n of_o mankind_n after_o the_o deluge_n the_o only_a place_n of_o our_o saviour_n incarnation_n in_o this_o matter_n i_o
have_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o all_o heavy_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o be_v a_o inclination_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o our_o former_a book_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o more_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v again_o twofold_a either_o the_o natural_a or_o the_o violent_a the_o natural_a howsoever_o requiâ—ing_v perhaps_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n be_v notwithstanding_o so_o call_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o chief_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o sea-water_n the_o violent_a be_v cause_v mere_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n move_v the_o ocean_n the_o natural_a motion_n we_o have_v again_o divide_v into_o general_n or_o special_a because_o the_o afflux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v general_a throughout_o the_o whole_a ocean_n some_o petty_a creek_n perchance_o except_v whereas_o the_o current_n which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v more_o special_a as_o agree_v not_o to_o all_o or_o most_o part_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o special_a place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v 1_o the_o sea_n twice_o every_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v precise_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n yet_o because_o few_o place_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o deserve_v the_o first_o &_o chief_a consideration_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n there_o be_v experience_n show_v but_o the_o search_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v observe_v one_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o all_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o so_o much_o as_o aristotle_n one_o of_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n be_v report_v to_o have_v stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o euripus_n and_o despair_v of_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n at_o length_n enforce_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o river_n which_o have_v before_o confound_v he_o wherefore_o it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o trace_v their_o step_n who_o have_v wade_v far_o into_o the_o search_n of_o this_o cause_n have_v very_o little_a hope_n to_o go_v further_o the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o stoic_n who_o suppose_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o be_v a_o great_a live_a creature_n compose_v of_o diverse_a element_n which_o enjoy_v both_o breath_n and_o life_n this_o live_a creature_n they_o imagine_v to_o have_v his_o nostril_n place_v in_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o by_o draw_v in_o and_o send_v forth_o breath_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v cause_v but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n or_o allegory_n then_o any_o conceit_n of_o a_o philosopher_n apollonius_n tianaeus_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o certain_a spirit_n eitherunder_o or_o above_o the_o water_n breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o paâ—ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o hour_n backward_o for_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o blow_v many_o day_n the_o same_o way_n without_o cease_v yet_o be_v their_o not_o one_o only_o flow_v or_o one_o ebb_v in_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o sun_n stir_v up_o sometime_o wind_n and_o sometime_o stir_v they_o not_o up_o but_o of_o a_o perpetual_a effect_n which_o be_v daily_o why_o will_v this_o philosopher_n give_v a_o cause_n mere_o violent_a and_o not_o quotidian_a which_o notwithstanding_o will_v have_v nothing_o violent_a to_o be_v perpetual_a if_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o move_v natural_o by_o other_o motion_n as_o the_o euripus_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o death_n wherefore_o will_v he_o deny_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v natural_a seek_v out_o a_o external_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n but_o all_o this_o while_n our_o platonic_a philosopher_n seem_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n for_o what_o judicious_a man_n can_v imagine_v so_o judicious_a and_o wise_a a_o philosopher_n as_o aristotle_n shall_v so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o paâ—t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v often_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o vastness_n seem_v but_o little_a but_o in_o straits_n &_o narrow_a place_n much_o more_o so_o that_o aristotle_n say_v caesalpinus_n will_v have_v that_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o usual_o happen_v to_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o begin_n once_o of_o their_o motion_n be_v incline_v sometime_o this_o way_n &_o sometime_o that_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o weight_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o shall_v overcome_v thewhole_n will_v incline_v thatway_o and_o will_v not_o riâ—e_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o against_o this_o opinion_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n caesalpinus_n not_o without_o good_a reason_n except_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o geographer_n no_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o side_n then_o another_o have_v once_o obtain_v his_o true_a place_n since_o according_a to_o aristotle_n own_o ground_n no_o violence_n câ—n_v be_v perpetual_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v another_o answer_n that_o no_o satisfactory_a reason_n can_v be_v allege_v why_o it_o shall_v always_o observe_v so_o true_a and_o just_a period_n of_o time_n in_o its_o motion_n since_o all_o river_n be_v sometime_o increase_v and_o other_o time_n diminish_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o weather_n wherefore_o the_o say_a author_n which_o impugn_v this_o opinion_n have_v frame_v another_o conceit_n ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o explain_v in_o this_o sort_n it_o agree_v â—o_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o altogether_o follow_v the_o motion_n
of_o madera_n the_o canary_n and_o s._n thomas_n it_o surpass_v not_o the_o height_n of_o venice_n but_o in_o america_n on_o the_o hithermost_a coast_n from_o florida_n sinus_n mexicanus_n the_o coast_n of_o brasile_n and_o pariâ—_n more_o than_o three_o thousand_o league_n even_o to_o the_o magellane_n straits_n it_o increase_v almost_o to_o two_o palm_n breadth_n but_o far_a south_n to_o panama_n and_o all_o those_o southern_a shore_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v of_o a_o excessive_a height_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n india_n and_o taprobana_n three_o if_o the_o moon_n by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n shall_v move_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o will_v it_o move_v the_o ocean_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o the_o course_n of_o wind_n with_o the_o same_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o same_o wind_n but_o this_o thwart_v experience_n which_o be_v thus_o prove_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n when_o as_o it_o flow_v in_o the_o adriaticke_n ionian_a and_o sicilian_a sea_n the_o water_n flow_v towards_o the_o land_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v as_o the_o mariner_n speak_v in_o sirocco_n and_o in_o maestro_n but_o ebb_v or_o flow_v back_o from_o the_o land_n when_o it_o be_v in_o graeco_fw-la atque_fw-la garbinio_fw-la and_o contrariwise_o the_o ocean_n swell_v when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o graece_fw-la and_o garbinio_fw-la but_o assuage_v itself_o again_o when_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o sirocco_n and_o maestro_n four_o if_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n shall_v follow_v the_o moon_n than_o all_o place_n in_o the_o same_o distance_n shall_v ebb_v &_o flow_v alike_o at_o like_a hour_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o a_o experiment_n of_o patricius_n who_o report_v that_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n place_n distant_a 20_o degree_n have_v be_v see_v to_o ebb_v or_o flow_v alike_o and_o the_o place_n betwixt_o also_o to_o vary_v and_o observe_v no_o just_a proportion_n four_o if_o these_o surge_n shall_v be_v stir_v up_o by_o the_o moon_n than_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o hour_n shall_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o moon_n but_o this_o iâ—_n contrary_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o mariner_n who_o have_v observe_v that_o on_o the_o norman_a coast_n and_o that_o of_o picardy_n to_o calais_n the_o tide_n happen_v the_o nine_o hour_n from_o midnight_n but_o ten_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n not_o a_o full_a hour_n but_o at_o the_o twenty_o and_o six_o mile_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o under_o the_o same_o meridian_n at_o 22_o hour_n five_o if_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o moon_n then_o shall_v the_o water_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n increase_v and_o decrease_v but_o this_o be_v opposite_a to_o observation_n for_o at_o venice_n the_o sea_n be_v know_v to_o flow_v sometime_o for_o seven_o sometime_o for_o eight_o but_o ebb_v in_o few_o hour_n but_o about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n senega_n in_o the_o atlantic_a it_o be_v come_v in_o foore_a hour_n but_o go_v not_o back_o under_o eight_o so_o about_o goâ—umniae_n ostia_n the_o tide_n be_v come_v in_o seven_o hour_n but_o go_v back_o in_o five_o six_o if_o the_o water_n flow_v by_o the_o moon_n then_o shall_v they_o be_v draw_v and_o carry_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n because_o all_o action_n be_v by_o a_o touch_v and_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o water_n by_o her_o light_n but_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o at_o midnight_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v most_o distant_a in_o her_o light_n our_o sea_n do_v no_o less_o ebb_n and_o flow_v then_o when_o it_o be_v present_a &_o so_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o antipode_n do_v ebb_n &_o flow_v when_o the_o moon_n be_v present_a with_o us._n 7_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a ancient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n than_o the_o same_o light_n be_v present_a the_o same_o agenâ—_n move_v the_o same_o effect_n shall_v necessary_o follow_v but_o we_o find_v that_o it_o produce_v two_o contrary_a one_o to_o the_o other_o because_o in_o her_o ascent_n to_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n but_o a_o little_a decline_a from_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v think_v to_o depress_v &_o assuage_v the_o water_n 8_o if_o this_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n then_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v not_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o such_o motion_n because_o contrary_a cause_n produce_v contrary_a effect_n but_o we_o observe_v the_o same_o ebb_a &_o flow_v in_o the_o conjunction_n or_o new_a moon_n when_o she_o have_v no_o light_n as_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n when_o with_o full_a face_n she_o behold_v the_o sea_n for_o in_o both_o these_o time_n we_o have_v high_a â—ides_n these_o &_o many_o more_o argument_n be_v urge_v by_o patricius_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n that_o this_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o sun_n among_o other_o i_o find_v the_o chief_a patron_n to_o be_v tâ—â—esius_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v in_o this_o wise_a because_o it_o will_v avoid_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n fear_v lest_o it_o shall_v be_v too_o much_o dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o so_o perish_v but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v far_o more_o weak_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o i_o will_v ask_v concern_v this_o motion_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v to_o avoid_v the_o sun_n heat_n whether_o it_o be_v voluntary_a or_o necessary_a it_o can_v be_v voluntary_a oâ—_n a_o free_a action_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o live_a creature_n to_o which_o only_o such_o a_o motion_n be_v incident_a if_o it_o be_v necessary_a than_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v natural_a because_o according_a to_o aristotle_n one_o body_n can_v have_v but_o one_o natural_a motion_n but_o the_o water_n be_v a_o simple_a body_n have_v another_o motion_n to_o fall_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n wherefore_o it_o can_v also_o admit_v of_o this_o it_o can_v be_v violent_a first_o because_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a second_o no_o cause_n can_v be_v think_v upon_o external_a which_o shall_v cause_v this_o violent_a motion_n and_o if_o any_o such_o cause_n there_o be_v find_v then_o be_v not_o this_o of_o telesius_n the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n since_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o far_a cause_n three_o no_o cause_n can_v here_o be_v show_v according_a to_o this_o opininion_n why_o all_o other_o water_n as_o fresh_a river_n shall_v not_o likewise_o strive_v to_o â—ide_v themselves_o from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n four_o he_o shall_v give_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o belgic_a and_o armoricke_a shore_n which_o be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o motion_n be_v no_o less_o eminent_a than_o in_o taprobana_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o torride_a zone_n and_o why_o in_o the_o island_n of_o s._n thomas_n which_o be_v immediate_o under_o the_o equatour_n there_o be_v not_o a_o great_a work_n of_o the_o water_n then_o at_o venice_n five_o that_o which_o telesius_n bring_v to_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n be_v no_o less_o warrantable_a than_o the_o main_a point_n in_o controversy_n in_o the_o summer_n say_v he_o the_o flood_n be_v lesser_o because_o the_o sun_n raise_v up_o thin_a vapourâ—_n which_o be_v easy_o dissolve_v but_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v less_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v of_o least_o force_n and_o so_o raise_v up_o few_o vapour_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o both_o these_o matter_n be_v prove_v â—alse_a by_o experience_n first_o because_o in_o the_o summer_n we_o have_v as_o great_a a_o work_n of_o the_o water_n as_o at_o other_o time_n in_o the_o winter_n also_o as_o great_a or_o great_a second_o say_v the_o say_a author_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o motion_n be_v great_a because_o the_o much_o light_n arise_v from_o the_o moon_n draw_v up_o many_o vapour_n 〈◊〉_d the_o new_a moon_n because_o the_o air_n be_v refrigerated_a the_o internal_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n collect_v itself_o be_v make_v strong_a with_o more_o vapour_n in_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o moon_n because_o there_o be_v not_o much_o light_a caâ—t_n from_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o much_o collect_v by_o the_o external_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n to_o all_o these_o matter_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v first_o how_o can_v the_o moon_n bestow_v any_o light_n on_o our_o sea_n when_o she_o be_v with_o the_o antipode_n second_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o internal_a heat_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o make_v strong_a by_o external_a cold_n 1_o first_o i_o ask_v how_o the_o sea_n can_v send_v
stand_v with_o experience_n that_o in_o any_o water_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o flood_n be_v stop_v and_o hinder_v by_o quicksand_n it_o return_v with_o great_a force_n as_o it_o be_v enrage_v and_o swelâ—_n so_o much_o the_o high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n it_o be_v liâ—ted_v up_o so_o high_a because_o the_o shore_n be_v so_o shallow_a and_o so_o short_a and_o expose_v to_o impediment_n that_o in_o the_o ebb_n the_o sea_n â—â—ns_v back_o many_o mile_n &_o leave_v the_o sandâ—_n uncover_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o return_v with_o great_a violence_n this_o also_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indian_a sea_n and_o near_o panama_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n where_o the_o sea_n run_v back_o for_o two_o league_n certain_a land_n and_o land_n be_v leave_v naked_a so_o that_o in_o these_o three_o sea_n here_o name_v the_o sea_n seem_v to_o enlarge_v its_o limit_n in_o breadth_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n to_o which_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o 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in_o the_o adriaticke_n egaan_n jonian_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o african_a seaâ—_n the_o sea_n seldom_o swell_v to_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n whereof_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o well_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o equality_n of_o thâ—_n shore_n for_o as_o the_o depth_n be_v a_o cause_n that_o sometime_o it_o flow_v not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o inequality_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o it_o flow_v high_a so_o a_o mean_a height_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o a_o more_o equal_a figuration_n of_o the_o coast_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o a_o indifferent_a work_n of_o the_o water_n hitherto_o we_o have_v show_v the_o variety_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n we_o be_v next_o to_o speak_v something_o concern_v the_o variation_n of_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n which_o though_o it_o proper_o appertain_v not_o to_o geography_n yet_o be_o i_o loath_a to_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o the_o discourse_n be_v pleasant_a concern_v which_o point_n the_o mariner_n make_v six_o degree_n of_o change_n in_o the_o tide_n according_a to_o the_o time_n first_o diurnal_a whereof_o we_o speak_v in_o this_o discourse_n the_o second_o hebdomedary_n or_o weekly_o which_o possidonius_fw-la call_v monthly_o or_o weekly_o because_o it_o be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a week_n of_o a_o month_n but_o tarry_v not_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n that_o a_o day_n before_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o day_n of_o conjunction_n and_o a_o day_n afterward_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o main_a ocean_n have_v their_o great_a flow_v and_o ebb_v be_v lift_v high_a and_o lay_v low_a down_o and_o then_o the_o tide_n be_v most_o swift_a the_o four_o day_n from_o the_o conjunction_n the_o tide_n be_v less_o and_o less_o swift_a the_o five_o yet_o less_o then_o then_o the_o former_a and_o the_o six_o day_n 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to_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o terra_fw-la laboratoris_fw-la southward_n but_o patricius_n not_o deny_v these_o motion_n will_v have_v many_o more_o in_o diverse_a sea_n not_o admit_v any_o universal_a circular_a motion_n enforce_v by_o the_o heaven_n but_o various_a motion_n diverse_o dispose_v in_o diverse_a sea_n for_o which_o he_o give_v many_o instance_n some_o whereof_o we_o will_v here_o relate_v first_o go_v about_o to_o disprove_v scaliger_n opinion_n and_o experience_n he_o bring_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o portugal_n navigatour_n who_o testify_v that_o they_o come_v from_o mosambicke_a of_o the_o side_n on_o madagascar_n into_o malebar_v in_o 28_o sometime_o in_o 30_o other_o time_n in_o 35_o day_n which_o be_v far_o from_o the_o account_n of_o
of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n compare_v to_o the_o superficies_n the_o earth_n uncover_v which_o shall_v be_v high_o in_o place_n of_o which_o shall_v be_v this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_o there_o have_v be_v a_o great_a dispute_n among_o philosopher_n concern_v the_o position_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n whether_o it_o be_v high_a or_o low_o some_o have_v be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o water_n be_v high_a which_o opinion_n be_v defend_v by_o tully_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la deorum_fw-la where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v place_v above_o the_o earth_n yet_o cover_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v congregat_v and_o collect_v neither_o redound_v nor_o flow_v abroad_o which_o afterward_o seem_v to_o be_v second_v by_o diverse_a learned_a divine_n who_o reduce_v most_o thing_n to_o the_o supernatural_a and_o first_o cause_n diverse_a time_n neglect_v and_o over-slipt_v the_o second_o hence_o saint_n basil_n in_o his_o 4_o homily_n on_o the_o hexameron_n lest_o the_o water_n say_v he_o shall_v overflow_v and_o sâ—red_v itself_o out_o of_o the_o place_n it_o have_v occupy_v it_o be_v command_v to_o gather_v itself_o together_o otherwise_o what_o shall_v hinder_v the_o red_a sea_n to_o overflow_v all_o egypt_n be_v low_a than_o it_o â—elfe_n unless_o it_o be_v manacle_v with_o the_o creators_n power_n as_o it_o be_v with_o setter_n to_o which_o also_o afterward_o seem_v to_o subscribe_v aquinâ—â—_n dionysius_n and_o catharinus_n with_o diverse_a other_o divine_n who_o hold_v that_o the_o first_o discovery_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v make_v not_o by_o any_o mutation_n in_o the_o earth_n but_o by_o a_o violent_a accumulation_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o it_o be_v restrain_v and_o bridle_v supernatural_o that_o they_o can_v not_o transcend_v certain_a limit_n and_o bound_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n some_o reason_n be_v allege_v by_o modern_a philosopher_n first_o because_o it_o be_v the_o order_n of_o all_o the_o element_n among_o themselves_o that_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o heavy_a shall_v take_v the_o low_a place_n and_o the_o water_n shall_v ascend_v above_o second_o because_o mariner_n come_v from_o the_o main_a ocean_n to_o the_o land_n seem_v to_o see_v the_o land_n far_o low_o than_o the_o water_n three_o they_o allege_v thaâ—_n place_n of_o ilb_n wheâ—e_v god_n himself_o profess_v that_o he_o have_v bound_v the_o waterâ—_n in_o these_o word_n hitherto_o shalâ—_n thou_o come_v and_o no_o far_o &_o here_o shall_v thy_o proud_a wave_n be_v stay_v but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n since_o wehee_v the_o creator_n in_o other_o maâ—ters_n to_o use_v nature_n as_o his_o ordinary_a servant_n and_o to_o administer_v the_o regiment_n of_o thing_n by_o â—econd_a cause_n neither_o be_v the_o authority_n of_o these_o divine_n so_o great_a in_o thâ—se_a cosmographical_a conceit_n to_o oversway_v these_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n who_o can_v more_o exact_o judge_v of_o these_o matter_n neither_o be_v these_o reason_n of_o so_o greaâ—_n validity_n as_o to_o enforce_v assent_n for_o first_o whereas_o st_n basill_n seem_v to_o wonder_v why_o the_o red_a sea_n shall_v not_o overâ—lowe_v all_o egypt_n if_o it_o be_v not_o supernatural_o bound_v he_o take_v that_o as_o grant_v which_o be_v the_o question_n in_o controversy_n that_o the_o water_n be_v high_a for_o which_o he_o can_v produce_v no_o other_o reason_n thâ—n_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o sense_n but_o this_o be_v very_o weak_a forasmuch_o as_o in_o such_o matter_n the_o sense_n be_v oftentimes_o deceive_v as_o stand_v well_o with_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o perspective_n for_o as_o wear_v there_o teach_v two_o parallel_n will_v in_o the_o end_n seem_v to_o concur_v so_o far_o as_o the_o sight_n can_v judge_v now_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o spherical_a segment_n of_o the_o water_n be_v parallel_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o will_v necessary_o seem_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o end_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n must_v seem_v â—o_o lift_v itself_o high_a â—nd_v contrariwise_o the_o heaven_n will_v seem_v somewhat_o low_a than_o indeed_o they_o be_v and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o the_o sea_n be_v see_v a_o great_a way_n off_o may_v appear_v raise_v above_o the_o land_n whereon_o we_o stand_v another_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v from_o the_o perpetual_a refraction_n of_o the_o usual_a line_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o our_o sight_n for_o the_o air_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v always_o intermix_v with_o thick_a waterish_a vapour_n rise_v up_o the_o seâ—_n 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but_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n uncover_v habitable_a which_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n notwithstanding_o this_o reason_n may_v be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n second_o where_o they_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o sight_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o can_v warrant_v no_o such_o experience_n have_v never_o lance_v far_o into_o the_o deep_a yet_o if_o any_o such_o experiment_n be_v avouch_v it_o may_v easy_o be_v answer_v out_o of_o opticall_a principle_n that_o come_v out_o of_o the_o main_a ocean_n towards_o the_o land_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o spherical_a convexity_n of_o the_o water_n interpose_v between_o our_o sight_n and_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o land_n those_o land_n parcel_n must_v needs_o seem_v less_o as_o have_v some_o part_n shadow_v from_o our_o fight_n whence_o it_o must_v consequent_o appear_v lower_v as_o couch_v almost_o under_o water_n from_o the_o 3_o reason_n ground_v on_o scripture_n whereon_o our_o divine_n seem_v most_o to_o depend_v nothing_o else_o be_v conclude_v but_o that_o almighty_a god_n have_v set_v certain_a bound_n &_o limit_n which_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o pass_v these_o bound_n &_o limit_n i_o take_v not_o to_o be_v supernatural_a as_o if_o the_o water_n restrain_v by_o such_o a_o power_n shall_v contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o circuit_n but_o natural_a as_o cliff_n &_o â—ils_n within_o which_o the_o water_n seem_v intrence_v this_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v dislike_v other_o have_v labour_v to_o defend_v a_o opposite_a position_n that_o the_o water_n be_v low_a than_o the_o earth_n altogether_o which_o opinion_n bear_v more_o constancy_n with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o arist._n &_o most_o of_o our_o modern_a philosopher_n the_o reason_n whereon_o this_o assertion_n be_v ground_v be_v chief_o these_o 1_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o earth_n what_o shall_v hinder_v the_o water_n of_o it_o from_o flow_v abroad_o &_o overwhelm_v the_o earth_n since_o all_o man_n will_v confess_v that_o the_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n dispose_v to_o move_v downward_o to_o the_o low_a place_n if_o they_o have_v recourse_n to_o supernatural_a â—ounds_n beside_o that_o we_o have_v speak_v concern_v the_o interpretationâ—_n of_o such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o seem_v to_o favour_v this_o opinion_n we_o unswere_v as_o before_o that_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n shall_v impose_v such_o a_o perpetual_a violence_n second_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o universals_n deluge_n wherein_o all_o the_o world_n be_v drown_v god_n break_v open_v the_o spring_n of_o the_o deep_a &_o open_v the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n to_o pour_v down_o rain_v continual_o many_o day_n together_o upon_o the_o earth_n of_o which_o there_o have_v be_v no_o necessity_n at_o all_o have_v the_o sea_n be_v heaâ—ed_v up_o in_o such_o
next_o winter_n whence_o come_v a_o new_a supply_n of_o more_o rain_n these_o river_n say_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n decrease_v and_o sometime_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o wâ—ter_n when_o the_o place_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o receive_v sufficient_a water_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n this_o opinion_n seem_v ground_v on_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v great_a and_o large_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n second_o because_o where_o there_o be_v less_o rain_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v see_v as_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o africa_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v find_v but_o in_o germany_n france_n britain_n and_o italy_n many_o river_n show_v themselves_o because_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o much_o fall_n of_o rain_n three_o among_o we_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n they_o be_v much_o decrease_v from_o their_o ordinary_a greatness_n or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o great_a probability_n that_o their_o original_n be_v from_o rain_n this_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o some_o river_n may_v be_v probable_a because_o some_o current_n out_o of_o doubt_n take_v their_o original_n from_o great_a shower_n or_o snow_n as_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o other_o such_o place_n where_o the_o snow_n daily_o melt_v and_o feed_v they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v of_o all_o river_n it_o be_v manifest_o false_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o earth_n no_o where_o drink_v up_o the_o rain_n far_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o high_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dry_a and_o so_o easy_o drink_v up_o and_o consume_v the_o water_n within_o that_o space_n or_o else_o be_v already_o moist_a it_o receive_v it_o not_o at_o all_o but_o expel_v it_o by_o river_n and_o channel_n second_o some_o mountain_n not_o cover_v with_o earth_n but_o consist_v of_o hard_a rock_n notwithstanding_o send_v forth_o great_a store_n of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n which_o water_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o through_o a_o hard_a rocky_a substance_n three_o because_o in_o very_o dry_a place_n certain_a pit_n be_v dig_v down_o into_o the_o ground_n 2_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a will_v discover_v many_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n which_o can_v not_o be_v from_o the_o receit_n of_o rain_n four_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o rain_n can_v in_o a_o winter_n fall_v into_o one_o place_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n consume_v to_o nourish_v so_o mighty_a and_o great_a river_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v river_n run_v in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n five_o all_o river_n almost_o take_v their_o original_n from_o some_o mountain_n or_o other_o as_o danubius_n from_o the_o alps_n and_o nilus_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n which_o place_n be_v extraordinary_a high_a be_v more_o unapt_a to_o receive_v water_n than_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o they_o allege_v for_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o answer_v that_o river_n shall_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n thâ—_n in_o the_o summer_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v better_o give_v because_o more_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n fall_v into_o the_o brink_n from_o external_a râ—ine_n or_o snow_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a be_v able_a to_o drink_v less_o then_o at_o other_o time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o rivers_n for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o fountain_n may_v sometime_o be_v increase_v and_o sometime_o diminish_v by_o addition_n of_o rainwater_n but_o that_o any_o such_o vast_a concavity_n shall_v be_v under_o ground_n as_o the_o receptacle_n of_o so_o much_o rain_n and_o shall_v nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n the_o second_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o think_v that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o conceit_n have_v be_v strong_o fortify_v by_o many_o father_n of_o the_o church_n and_o grave_a divine_n of_o late_a time_n which_o opinion_n be_v chief_o ground_v upon_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o most_o incredible_a matter_n that_o so_o much_o vaporous_a matter_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n to_o feed_v such_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n second_o if_o all_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o so_o many_o river_n daily_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n shall_v not_o increase_v but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n three_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o urge_v the_o place_n of_o eccles._n 1_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o come_v they_o return_v that_o they_o may_v flow_v again_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a &_o low_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v shall_v ascend_v into_o high_a mountain_n out_o of_o which_o we_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n oftentimes_o to_o arise_v for_o either_o it_o must_v ascend_v natural_o or_o by_o violence_n not_o natural_o for_o the_o foresay_a cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n if_o violent_o they_o must_v assign_v some_o external_a agent_n which_o enforce_v it_o to_o this_o violence_n this_o difficulty_n diverse_a author_n have_v labour_v diverse_a way_n to_o salve_v some_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v theodoret_n have_v flee_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n in_o god_n providence_n as_o though_o the_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n heavy_a shall_v be_v notwithstanding_o enforce_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o although_o we_o can_v deny_v god_n miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a work_n in_o some_o thing_n yet_o all_o man_n have_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o strange_a it_o be_v to_o imagine_v that_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n other_o as_o basill_n have_v think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v drive_v upward_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a â—_z enclose_v in_o it_o mare_n as_o he_o say_v fluitans_fw-la &_o permeans_fw-la per_fw-la cuniculos_fw-la fistularet_n &_o angustos_fw-la â—ox_fw-la ubi_fw-la obliquis_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la recta_fw-la in_o sublime_a surrectis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la se_fw-la occupatum_fw-la deprehenderit_fw-la ab_fw-la agitante_fw-la compulsum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la superficie_fw-la terrâ—_n vi_fw-la disrupta_fw-la erumpit_fw-la atque_fw-la for_o as_o emicat_fw-la the_o same_o opinion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o plato_n in_o phedone_n and_o pliny_n 2_o book_n .65_o chap._n quo_fw-la inquit_fw-la spiritu_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o terrâ—_n pondere_fw-la expressa_fw-la siphonum_fw-la modo_fw-la eâ—â—cat_fw-la tantâ—que_fw-la a_o periculo_fw-la decidendi_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la quoque_fw-la et_fw-la â—â—tissima_fw-la exiliat_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quare_fw-la tot_fw-la fâ—uâ—inum_fw-la quotidiâ—nâ—_n accessu_fw-la maria_fw-la non_fw-la crescant_fw-la but_o this_o exposition_n will_v hardly_o satisfy_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o search_v far_o than_o obscurity_n of_o word_n for_o first_o by_o admit_v spirit_n as_o mover_n of_o the_o water_n they_o seem_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o platonic_a opinion_n before_o examine_v of_o we_o concern_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-water_n second_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o spirit_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v this_o motion_n be_v natural_a agent_n or_o supernatural_a or_o violent_a they_o can_v be_v natural_a agent_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o drive_v and_o enforce_v the_o water_n against_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o by_o nature_n as_o all_o man_n know_v it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v whereas_o here_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o spirit_n they_o can_v be_v violent_a agent_n because_o they_o be_v perpetual_a whereas_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a thomas_n aquinas_n be_v desirous_a to_o show_v how_o much_o fountain_n can_v ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea-water_n vary_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o former_a and_o imagine_v that_o the_o fountain_n and_o river-water_n be_v draw_v upward_o through_o the_o force_n of_o celestial_a body_n for_o the_o common_a good_a
of_o river_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o river_n be_v high_a at_o the_o spring_n or_o fountain_n then_o at_o the_o place_n where_o they_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n now_o although_o water_n be_v apt_a to_o slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o in_o great_a river_n especial_o where_o the_o water_n fall_v oftentimes_o with_o violence_n as_o at_o the_o cataract_n of_o nile_n much_o inequality_n must_v be_v grant_v in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n suppose_v yet_o the_o water_n for_o every_o mile_n to_o gain_v two_o foot_n in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o height_n very_o near_o to_o equalise_v the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n although_o 2_o foot_n in_o a_o mile_n be_v far_o less_o than_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o so_o great_a a_o river_n the_o river_n which_o i_o take_v for_o a_o example_n shall_v be_v nilus_n which_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o run_v about_o 50_o degree_n from_o south_n to_o north_n which_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v make_v 3000_o account_v for_o every_o mile_n 2_o foot_n we_o shall_v have_v 6000_o foot_n which_o will_v be_v near_o these_o 10_o furlong_n be_v a_o mile_n and_o 5_o part_n then_o allow_v for_o these_o mighty_a cataract_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v with_o so_o great_a a_o violence_n we_o must_v reckon_v a_o number_n of_o foot_n far_o great_a than_o this_o measure_n for_o every_o mile_n must_v the_o height_n of_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n be_v much_o more_o than_o of_o the_o mountain_n 4_o mountainous_a region_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o other_o plain_a country_n this_o proposition_n be_v not_o absolute_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o limitation_n for_o some_o plain_a country_n near_o the_o arctic_a pole_n may_v be_v cold_a than_o some_o hilly_a region_n near_o the_o aequatour_n in_o regard_n of_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n but_o here_o we_o speak_v as_o the_o logician_n use_v caeteris_fw-la 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may_v optical_o be_v call_v a_o plain_a superficies_n second_o it_o be_v teach_v in_o the_o opticke_n that_o a_o reflection_n be_v of_o more_o validity_n in_o a_o equal_a then_o in_o a_o uneven_a and_o ragged_a superficies_n such_o as_o be_v find_v in_o mountain_n and_o uneven_a place_n a_o second_o reason_n why_o mountainous_a region_n shall_v exceed_v other_o in_o cold_a may_v be_v the_o vicinity_n of_o they_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n for_o of_o all_o the_o region_n if_o we_o believe_v aristotle_n the_o middle_a be_v the_o cold_a as_o be_v more_o separate_a from_o the_o sun_n the_o fountain_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o high_a region_n far_o off_o from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n than_o the_o low_a now_o since_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v affect_v with_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n it_o must_v needs_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o more_o it_o shall_v approach_v to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o more_o it_o must_v partake_v of_o its_o quality_n three_o that_o this_o be_v consonant_a to_o observation_n reason_n be_v urge_v by_o experience_n of_o all_o traveller_n who_o report_v the_o top_n of_o mountain_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n to_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o snow_n although_o situate_v under_o or_o near_o the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n of_o this_o nature_n be_v the_o alps_n in_o italy_n the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n andâ—_n in_o peru_n and_o tenariffe_n in_o the_o canary_n that_o snow_n shall_v be_v a_o effect_n of_o cold_a i_o need_v nor_o labour_n to_o confirm_v a_o four_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o other_o effect_n of_o cold_a or_o heat_n for_o it_o be_v daily_o prove_v by_o experience_n that_o such_o disease_n as_o chief_o follow_v heat_n especial_o the_o pestilence_n in_o egypt_n and_o such_o plain_a country_n be_v wonderful_a prevalent_a whereas_o hilly_a and_o rockic_a country_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o nature_n stand_v in_o little_a fear_n of_o such_o 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italia_n caria_n lydia_n wherein_o such_o motion_n be_v more_o frequent_a to_o confirm_v this_o a_o little_a far_o we_o observe_v that_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a place_n suffer_v this_o violence_n often_o than_o other_o part_n because_o there_o most_o common_o cavern_n and_o concavity_n be_v more_o frequent_a than_o in_o plain_a country_n but_o here_o by_o the_o way_n may_v be_v object_v that_o sandy_a and_o slimy_a country_n be_v many_o time_n more_o free_a from_o earthquake_n then_o other_o place_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v give_v before_o in_o egypt_n wherein_o never_o any_o earthquake_n as_o most_o author_n affirm_v or_o at_o least_o but_o one_o as_o seneca_n have_v be_v observe_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v that_o sandy_a place_n without_o any_o strife_n suffer_v the_o exhalation_n to_o disperse_v themselves_o that_o slimy_a place_n want_v sufficient_a receptacle_n to_o entertain_v they_o 3_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o 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declare_v we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o civil_a those_o we_o term_v civil_a which_o concern_v the_o inhabitant_n 2_o a_o inhabitant_n be_v a_o man_n dwell_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o name_n of_o a_o inhabitant_n as_o we_o have_v before_o note_v may_v be_v take_v either_o general_o for_o any_o live_a creature_n reside_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n in_o which_o sense_n brute_n beast_n may_v be_v call_v inhabitant_n which_o signification_n be_v only_o metaphorical_a or_o else_o for_o a_o reasonable_a live_a creature_n who_o abode_n be_v settle_v in_o any_o place_n or_o region_n in_o which_o sense_n we_o here_o take_v it_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o have_v reserve_v for_o this_o last_o treatise_n follow_v as_o well_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o creation_n as_o of_o moses_n in_o the_o narration_n for_o god_n proceed_v in_o the_o first_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o
mean_v heaven_n itself_o as_o many_o imagine_v but_o to_o confirm_v that_o this_o terrestrial_a paradise_n be_v such_o a_o place_n some_o man_n produce_v these_o argument_n first_o that_o it_o be_v report_v by_o solinus_n that_o there_o be_v a_o place_n exceed_o delightsome_a and_o healthsome_a on_o the_o top_n of_o mount_n athos_n call_v acrothones_n which_o be_v seat_v about_o cloud_n or_o rain_n or_o such_o inconvenience_n the_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o long_a life_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d second_o they_o allege_v for_o the_o height_n of_o this_o paradise_n that_o enoch_n be_v there_o preserve_v from_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o flood_n as_o isidore_n and_o peter_n lombaard_v maintain_v but_o this_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o divine_n condemn_v in_o the_o florentine_a counsel_n and_o first_o where_o as_o they_o say_v that_o such_o a_o pleasant_a place_n be_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n athos_n this_o neither_o prove_v that_o this_o be_v 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many_o hold_n the_o air_n in_o that_o region_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v carry_v about_o so_o violent_o as_o nothing_o there_o can_v well_o consist_v four_o because_o according_a to_o ptolemy_n the_o place_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o moon_n be_v seventeen_o time_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o make_v by_o a_o gross_a account_n about_o 120000_o mile_n hence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o paradise_n be_v lift_v up_o to_o this_o great_a height_n must_v have_v the_o compass_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o a_o basis_n or_o foundation_n but_o this_o can_v be_v imagine_v first_o because_o it_o will_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o eye_n and_o knowledge_n of_o man_n second_o it_o will_v hide_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o day_n be_v on_o the_o east_n side_n three_o it_o will_v overpoize_a the_o earth_n and_o so_o make_v it_o to_o shrink_v out_o of_o his_o place_n one_o side_n be_v far_o great_a and_o heavy_a than_o the_o other_o the_o four_o conceit_n be_v of_o tertullian_n bonaventure_n and_o durandus_fw-la who_o will_v have_v paradise_n to_o be_v seat_v under_o the_o aequatour_n because_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o most_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n they_o think_v this_o place_n to_o be_v most_o pleasant_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o place_n under_o the_o aequinoctial_a be_v not_o so_o burn_v with_o the_o sun_n as_o some_o thought_n but_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v out_o of_o latter_a navigator_n very_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a for_o the_o most_o part_n yet_o can_v this_o be_v the_o place_n of_o paradise_n for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o river_n of_o paradise_n mention_v in_o holy_a scripture_n be_v not_o find_v to_o meet_v there_o which_o argument_n may_v also_o confute_v they_o which_o think_v it_o be_v seat_v under_o the_o north-pole_n the_o last_o opinion_n which_o i_o hold_v the_o true_a be_v of_o some_o latter_a writer_n that_o paradise_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o region_n southeast_n from_o mesopotania_fw-la which_o be_v most_o ample_o and_o copious_o prove_v by_o sr_n walter_n raleigh_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v my_o reader_n only_o two_o reason_n i_o will_v allege_v the_o first_o from_o the_o name_n of_o eden_n since_o there_o be_v find_v a_o island_n of_o this_o name_n northwest_o from_o the_o place_n assign_v very_o fruitful_a &_o pleasant_a in_o all_o commodity_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o late_a time_n know_v also_o by_o the_o name_n of_o eden_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o have_v be_v continue_v from_o the_o beginning_n second_o from_o the_o river_n of_o paradise_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o meet_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o tigris_n and_o euphrates_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o be_v find_v in_o this_o very_a region_n for_o the_o other_o river_n gihen_n that_o it_o be_v false_o understand_v of_o a_o river_n run_v through_o aethiopia_n be_v also_o most_o certain_a for_o 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in_o remembrance_n of_o their_o former_a habitation_n but_o howsoever_o it_o be_v certain_z it_o be_v that_o paradise_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o east_n from_o whence_o mankind_n have_v its_o first_o offspring_n and_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o adam_n be_v exclude_v out_o of_o paradise_n be_v cast_v into_o some_o place_n near_o adjoin_v thereunto_o which_o may_v also_o from_o our_o habitable_a place_n of_o the_o west_n be_v account_v eastward_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n as_o adam_n the_o father_n of_o all_o nation_n before_o the_o flood_n begin_v his_o offspring_n in_o the_o east_n near_o paradise_n so_o the_o second_o father_n of_o nation_n noah_n in_o the_o east_n first_o begin_v to_o repeople_v the_o world_n after_o the_o deluge_n which_o beside_o the_o clear_a testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n may_v sundry_a way_n be_v demonstrate_v first_o because_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o earth_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v people_v near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v which_o be_v the_o mountain_n ararat_n whether_o this_o be_v a_o mountain_n of_o armenia_n as_o the_o common_a interpreter_n imagine_v or_o the_o mountain_n caucasus_n betwixt_o scythia_n &_o india_n as_o some_o late_a writer_n with_o great_a probability_n have_v guess_v have_v suffer_v a_o great_a dispute_n all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v eastward_o i_o will_v not_o be_v here_o over_o curious_a but_o refer_v it_o to_o our_o historical_a part_n where_o we_o shall_v particular_o handle_v the_o memorable_a accident_n of_o particular_a place_n enough_o it_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o first_o plantation_n after_o the_o flood_n be_v eastward_o 2_o no_o small_a probability_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o civility_n magnificence_n and_o populosity_n of_o these_o eastern_a nation_n before_o other_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o many_o excellent_a art_n have_v flourish_v among_o those_o eastern_a 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mixture_n from_o the_o true_a and_o ancient_a hebrew_a discipline_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o heathenish_a superstition_n themselves_o many_o footstep_n have_v be_v discover_v which_o will_v appear_v by_o diverse_a instance_n these_o argument_n i_o confess_v seem_v very_o strong_a but_o yet_o not_o of_o sufficient_a strength_n to_o enforce_v credulity_n without_o other_o warrant_n to_o say_v peremptory_o with_o mr._n bodin_n that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o ancient_a writer_n the_o chaldean_n be_v acknowledge_v the_o most_o ancient_a people_n be_v more_o than_o i_o dare_v to_o venture_v neither_o be_v this_o opinion_n so_o strong_o fortify_v with_o argument_n but_o reason_n may_v step_v in_o to_o have_v a_o doubtful_a assault_n their_o first_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n in_o the_o â—â—_o of_o genesis_n seem_v to_o stand_v on_o our_o side_n altogether_o against_o they_o for_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o come_v from_o the_o east_n into_o the_o plain_a of_o shinaar_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o east_n be_v first_o people_v or_o else_o how_o shall_v this_o people_n come_v from_o the_o east_n into_o these_o plain_n of_o shinaar_n to_o erect_v the_o tower_n of_o babel_n second_o whereas_o they_o urge_v art_n civility_n magnificence_n of_o the_o chaldean_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o rather_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o people_n which_o dwell_v far_a east_n as_o be_v witness_v by_o the_o former_a instance_n and_o if_o any_o object_n that_o at_o this_o day_n be_v find_v the_o contrary_a for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v the_o indian_a to_o be_v a_o barbarous_a blind_a and_o ignorant_a nation_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o asiatickes_n and_o europaean_n we_o answer_v two_o way_n 1_o first_o that_o we_o find_v not_o by_o experience_n the_o east-indians_a to_o be_v so_o altogether_o devoide_a of_o civility_n but_o that_o we_o may_v observe_v not_o only_o among_o they_o the_o footstep_n but_o also_o the_o practice_n of_o many_o ingenuous_a art_n sage_a government_n policy_n and_o magnificence_n as_o among_o the_o chinois_n and_o the_o large_a territory_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n 2._o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o imagine_v that_o in_o so_o large_a a_o tract_n of_o time_n the_o best_a settle_a common_a wealth_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o nought_o art_n civility_n magnificence_n be_v forget_v and_o the_o rare_a invention_n be_v cast_v into_o oblivion_n especial_o by_o those_o two_o enemy_n of_o civility_n war_n and_o luxury_n both_o which_o have_v the_o reign_v in_o their_o own_o hand_n be_v quick_o able_a to_o abolish_v all_o wholesome_a discipline_n both_o in_o law_n and_o religion_n 3._o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o footstep_n of_o language_n in_o my_o shallow_a conceit_n prove_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o all_o law_n art_n and_o learning_n be_v derive_v to_o the_o grecian_n from_o the_o chaldaean_n or_o the_o nation_n near_o adjoin_v which_o former_o receive_v it_o from_o they_o but_o how_o far_o learning_n may_v propagate_v itself_o the_o other_o way_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v not_o a_o matter_n so_o clear_a and_o out_o of_o question_n the_o preservation_n of_o the_o language_n for_o aught_o i_o â—ee_o may_v grow_v from_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o religion_n more_o firm_o root_v and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n continue_v in_o abraham_n posterity_n who_o abode_n be_v settle_v there_o about_o whereas_o the_o other_o far_o divorce_v aswell_o from_o their_o first_o spring_n as_o the_o monumental_a seal_n of_o their_o religion_n quick_o turn_v religion_n into_o pagan_a idolatry_n many_o reason_n beside_o the_o disprove_v of_o this_o former_a opinion_n may_v be_v allege_v to_o prove_v the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o have_v be_v first_o people_v among_o which_o i_o will_v only_o cull_v out_o this_o one_o ground_v on_o the_o text_n of_o holy_a scripture_n it_o be_v warrant_v out_o of_o the_o text_n 1_o that_o when_o the_o water_n begâ—n_o to_o decrease_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o ark_n begin_v to_o rest_v upon_o the_o mountain_n araâ—at_n noah_n send_v out_o a_o dove_n to_o make_v trial_n who_o return_v with_o a_o olive-branch_n in_o her_o mouth_n 2_o that_o near_o the_o place_n he_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ark_n with_o all_o his_o family_n he_o plant_v a_o vineyard_n and_o be_v drink_v with_o the_o juice_n of_o the_o grape_n not_o know_v the_o strength_n thereof_o out_o of_o which_o by_o all_o probable_a conjecture_n must_v needs_o be_v collect_v that_o the_o region_n near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ark_n first_o rest_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o nature_n afford_v both_o vine_n and_o olive_n for_o we_o can_v imagine_v the_o silly_a dove_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o flood_n empty_a gorge_v to_o have_v fly_v very_o far_o over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n to_o obtain_v this_o olive_n branch_n nor_o noah_n after_o the_o flood_n to_o have_v go_v very_o far_o to_o seek_v out_o a_o convenient_a place_n for_o his_o vineyard_n whence_o it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o the_o ark_n rest_v in_o such_o a_o place_n who_o near_a adjoin_a region_n be_v enrich_v with_o such_o commodity_n but_o this_o can_v be_v verify_v of_o armenia_n wherein_o for_o aught_o my_o read_n inform_v i_o be_v find_v neither_o vine_n nor_o olive_n whereas_o some_o place_n eastward_o whereon_o the_o ark_n according_a to_o this_o other_o opinion_n be_v suppose_v to_o rest_n afford_v both_o in_o great_a plenty_n to_o umpite_v betwixt_o these_o two_o opinion_n i_o leave_v to_o my_o friendly_a reader_n because_o it_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n to_o command_v but_o obey_v reason_n chap._n fourteen_o 1of_o the_o original_n of_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v speak_v it_o remain_v we_o now_o treat_v of_o their_o natural_a disposition_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o subject_a to_o admiration_n than_o the_o diversity_n of_o natural_a disposition_n in_o nation_n a_o matter_n evident_a to_o the_o eye_n of_o observation_n and_o need_v no_o proof_n or_o demonstration_n for_o who_o observe_v not_o in_o all_o nation_n certain_a natural_a or_o national_a virtue_n or_o vice_n which_o neither_o time_n nor_o law_n can_v ever_o change_v or_o correct_v for_o not_o to_o 〈◊〉_d far_o off_o then_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n confine_n what_o writer_n in_o this_o kind_n almost_o be_v he_o not_o very_o partial_a have_v not_o tax_v pride_n and_o ambition_n in_o the_o spaniard_n levity_n or_o rather_o as_o bodin_n will_v have_v it_o temerity_n in_o the_o french_a dangerous_a dissimulation_n in_o the_o italian_a drunkenness_n in_o the_o dutch_a falsehood_n in_o the_o irish_a and_o gluttony_n in_o the_o english_a and_o howsoever_o many_o mean_n have_v be_v put_v in_o practice_n either_o by_o the_o severity_n of_o law_n to_o curb_v such_o enormity_n or_o the_o subtlety_n of_o discourse_n to_o shroud_v these_o vice_n under_o the_o name_n of_o virtue_n yet_o these_o mark_n be_v find_v to_o stick_v as_o close_o as_o the_o spot_n unto_o the_o leopard_n as_o neither_o alter_v their_o pristine_a hue_n or_o yield_v to_o time_n or_o statute_n and_o if_o it_o happen_v at_o any_o time_n that_o by_o extraordinary_a violence_n some_o little_a alteration_n be_v wrought_v yet_o some_o few_o year_n will_v find_v it_o return_v again_o unto_o his_o own_o nature_n and_o disposition_n this_o variety_n of_o disposition_n be_v very_o many_o and_o depend_v on_o sundry_a cause_n to_o help_v memory_n we_o will_v reduce_v into_o certain_a head_n out_o of_o which_o in_o the_o general_a we_o may_v give_v a_o judgement_n leave_v the_o rest_n to_o our_o special_a tract_n the_o name_n of_o natural_a disposition_n in_o this_o place_n we_o take_v in_o the_o large_a sense_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o comprehend_v under_o it_o the_o complexion_n manner_n action_n language_n law_n religion_n and_o government_n all_o which_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o depend_v from_o the_o place_n we_o will_v show_v neither_o intend_v we_o to_o handle_v nice_o all_o these_o specialty_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o manner_n custom_n law_n and_o for_o a_o great_a part_n the_o external_a rite_n of_o religion_n depend_v on_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o little_o can_v be_v speak_v of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n but_o of_o such_o action_n effect_n and_o mark_n as_o show_v themselves_o in_o their_o ordinary_a custom_n &_o manner_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v be_v constrain_v to_o treat_v of_o they_o together_o the_o one_o be_v a_o great_a furtherance_n to_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o other_o 2_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v suffer_v change_n and_o diversity_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n or_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o 3_o the_o site_n be_v the_o respect_n
pardon_n on_o her_o knee_n thou_o be_v a_o mirror_n by_o reflection_n teach_v to_o feign_v defect_n yet_o guilty_a art_n of_o naught_o thy_o steward_n which_o by_o thy_o indulgence_n thrive_v be_v they_o as_o just_a as_o thou_o be_v free_a to_o give_v we_o all_o may_v share_v a_o portion_n of_o that_o store_n which_o now_o thy_o son_n deserve_v thy_o slave_n devour_v thy_o will_n be_v seldom_o measure_a by_o the_o law_n but_o power_n who_o greatness_n thy_o edict_n can_v awe_v slight_v thy_o decree_n o_o will_v imperial_a jove_n but_o once_o descend_v from_o his_o high_a court_n above_o to_o see_v thy_o innocent_a and_o maiden_n hand_n by_o thy_o own_o servant_n base_o shut_v in_o band_n these_o caterpillar_n by_o his_o three-forkt_a ray_n will_v soon_o be_v scorch_a from_o ofâ—_n thy_o sacred_a bay_n and_o thou_o restore_v unto_o that_o pristine-hue_n which_o ancient_a time_n admire_v we_o never_o know_v all_o this_o time_n as_o in_o a_o fit_a of_o frenzy_n i_o have_v speak_v i_o scarce_o know_v what_o myself_o i_o fear_v i_o too_o much_o to_z or_o of_o my_o country_n and_o university_n and_o too_o little_a for_o the_o present_a purpose_n now_o as_o one_o sudden_o awake_v out_o of_o sleep_n no_o otherwise_o then_o in_o a_o dream_n i_o remember_v the_o occasion_n we_o have_v all_o a_o semel_fw-la insanivimus_fw-la and_o as_o a_o learned_a man_n of_o this_o university_n seem_v to_o maintain_v no_o man_n have_v ever_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o be_v exempt_v from_o this_o imputation_n and_o therefore_o i_o hope_v my_o reader_n will_v pardon_v i_o this_o once_o if_o in_o such_o a_o general_a concourse_n and_o conspiracy_n of_o mad_a man_n i_o sometime_o show_v myself_o mad_a for_o company_n 3_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a the_o cause_n of_o this_o disparity_n be_v apparent_a because_o a_o quiet_a mind_n and_o apt_a for_o contemplation_n can_v be_v in_o such_o a_o man_n as_o be_v perpetual_o toss_v to_o and_o fro_o for_o no_o man_n can_v well_o contemplate_v except_o he_o have_v his_o mind_n purge_v and_o free_a from_o motion_n of_o the_o body_n and_o it_o be_v note_v by_o physiognomer_n that_o wise_a man_n be_v slow_a in_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o body_n and_o mind_n whereas_o mad_a and_o frantic_a man_n be_v always_o busy_v in_o body_n and_o mind_n hence_o a_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o mariner_n and_o seaman_n be_v continual_o toss_v with_o the_o wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o barbarous_a inhuman_a and_o inconstant_a another_o reason_n of_o this_o inconstancy_n and_o change_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o change_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v by_o diversity_n of_o wind_n for_o wind_n be_v a_o exhalation_n affect_v the_o air_n and_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n must_v needs_o be_v diverse_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o diverse_a region_n from_o whence_o it_o blow_v what_o cause_n soever_o be_v imagine_v it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o people_n in_o windy_a region_n have_v be_v more_o warlike_a though_o perhaps_o less_o humane_a as_o in_o thracia_n france_n circassia_n lybia_n portugal_n persia_n noruegia_n and_o polonia_n but_o in_o place_n in_o the_o same_o tract_n where_o the_o wind_n have_v a_o less_o domination_n we_o shall_v find_v they_o more_o tractable_a but_o less_o valiant_a as_o asyria_n asia_n minor_fw-la italy_n for_o the_o most_o part_n and_o egypt_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o people_n of_o gallia_n narâ—onensis_n aquitany_n and_o provence_n in_o france_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v the_o most_o warlike_a although_o situate_v in_o a_o more_o southern_a tract_n be_v daily_o infest_a partly_o by_o the_o vulturnus_n partly_o by_o the_o corus_n which_o in_o these_o part_n have_v great_a power_n 4_o sea-borderer_n be_v general_o more_o witty_a and_o adorn_v with_o more_o knowledge_n than_o inlanders_n though_o subject_a to_o great_a vice_n that_o art_n civility_n and_o many_o invention_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o increase_n seem_v a_o matter_n out_o of_o question_n for_o since_o all_o nation_n have_v not_o find_v out_o all_o art_n and_o invention_n it_o must_v follow_v necessary_o that_o they_o have_v be_v propagate_v by_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n with_o foreign_a nation_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v many_o time_n that_o sea-borderer_n by_o conference_n with_o outlandish_a people_n have_v get_v that_o knowledge_n and_o experience_n of_o thing_n for_o which_o other_o have_v with_o great_a cost_n and_o danger_n adventure_v on_o long_a and_o tedious_a travail_n which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o themistoâ—les_n will_v have_v a_o city_n depend_v on_o the_o sea_n and_o not_o as_o caelius_n rhodoginus_n imagine_v that_o he_o may_v transfer_v the_o power_n from_o the_o nobility_n to_o the_o shipmaster_n thus_o we_o find_v science_n and_o learning_n to_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o chaldean_n to_o the_o egyptian_n from_o the_o egyptian_n to_o the_o phaenician_o from_o they_o to_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n and_o in_o our_o day_n every_o man_n can_v speak_v how_o much_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o venetian_n spaniard_n hollander_n english_a and_o portugall_n have_v effect_v in_o both_o indies_n in_o traffic_v with_o they_o derive_v together_o with_o their_o merchandise_n much_o of_o their_o own_o knowledge_n and_o religion_n but_o as_o the_o islander_n and_o sea-bordering_a people_n have_v excel_v the_o inland_a nation_n in_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n so_o also_o in_o vice_n which_o stand_v with_o reason_n whether_o we_o ascribe_v it_o to_o their_o natural_a wit_n or_o condition_n of_o life_n or_o education_n for_o the_o great_a wit_n be_v common_o match_v with_o the_o great_a vice_n as_o depend_v on_o such_o a_o temper_n of_o the_o brain_n who_o small_a change_n may_v beget_v madness_n according_a to_o that_o proverb_n nullum_fw-la magnum_fw-la ingenium_fw-la sine_fw-la mixtura_fw-la insaniae_fw-la also_o art_n and_o science_n turn_v to_o the_o worst_a use_n become_v more_o dangerous_a then_o naked_a simplicity_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v fear_v more_o than_o arm_a fury_n this_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o plato_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr republica_n warn_v man_n to_o avoid_v the_o sea_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o wickedness_n which_o be_v second_v by_o strabo_n who_o derive_v the_o offspring_n of_o robbery_n pillage_n and_o murder_n from_o the_o sea_n by_o which_o argument_n the_o old_a athenian_n be_v induce_v to_o draw_v the_o inhabitant_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v from_o sea-trafficke_n to_o husbandry_n and_o tillage_n of_o the_o earth_n whence_o come_v at_o first_o as_o some_o imagine_v that_o fable_n of_o neptune_n strive_v with_o minerva_n for_o victory_n against_o who_o she_o prevail_v by_o show_v the_o judge_n a_o mandrake_n apple_n as_o a_o especial_a rarity_n of_o the_o land_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_a and_o education_n 1_o in_o the_o three_o place_n there_o may_v be_v a_o diversity_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o disposition_n either_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o offspring_n or_o their_o education_n in_o the_o former_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o disposition_n of_o nation_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v from_o their_o first_o stock_n and_o original_n by_o the_o first_o stock_n and_o original_n of_o nation_n we_o understand_v not_o here_o either_o the_o first_o offspring_n from_o the_o loin_n of_o adam_n or_o the_o second_o from_o noah_n because_o these_o two_o be_v common_a to_o all_o nation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o can_v vary_v the_o several_a disposition_n of_o people_n but_o the_o more_o mediate_a or_o special_a stock_n whence_o they_o spring_v which_o be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o small_a power_n in_o the_o nature_n and_o temper_n of_o posterity_n in_o this_o offspring_n two_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o how_o people_n suffer_v a_o alteration_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o several_a transplantation_n second_o in_o the_o mixture_n of_o colony_n both_o which_o we_o will_v show_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o colony_n transplant_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_o remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n all_o mutation_n require_v a_o certain_a distance_n of_o time_n sith_o no_o motion_n according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v in_o a_o instant_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o small_a time_n can_v alter_v the_o natural_a complexion_n of_o man_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o child_n for_o the_o most_o part_n derive_v their_o nature_n from_o their_o parent_n and_o every_o man_n constitution_n be_v common_o radical_o ground_v and_o not_o easy_o subject_a to_o external_a change_n thus_o we_o see_v the_o child_n of_o blackmore_n be_v transplant_v into_o europe_n for_o diverse_a descent_n to_o