command unto a Page of his to wake him dayly with this admonition that hee should call to minde hee was a man fearing lest hee might otherwise bee transported by the false lustre of his greatnesse and prosperities as to mistake which his Sonn after did what himselfe was and forget the condition of humanity wherein hee had beene placed by God and Nature And the great Doctor of the Church Saint Jerome thinkes it a matter of that consequence for us to imploy our selves in the consideration of what is future that hee assures us confidently by warrant of the sacred Scripture wee should never sin did wee but carefully ruminate on the last things that doe attend us Memorare novissima tua et in aeternum non peccabis See here the true condition of our being during the succession of time Let us now alter the Scene and from this theater of confusion and disorder raise up our thoughts unto the contemplation of Eternity It is an instant alwayes present never decaying whose infinity comprehends all times past present and to come and whose simplicity presenting us at once with whatsoever can be good or perfect united in their first cause whereof unlesse our sinns debar us from his sight the Divine Nature wee shall be then made glad beholders cleares up the foggy mists of ignorance of forgetfullnesse and of mistake which hang betweene our understandings and the truth of things fills all the powers and faculties of our soules with the enjoyment of their desired objects and doth establish us in the secure possession of our blisse beyond the reach of fortune or of time which shall not there have power to traverse our contentments with the desire of ought that 's past or the apprehension of ought to come When we have once maturely waighed these sollid truths wee shall begin to loath this prison of our bodies subject to the perpetuall injuries of time and death and shall cry out with the Apostle Infaelix ego homo quis me liberabit de corpore mortis hujus unhappy man that I am who shall deliver mee from this body which belongs to death and with the same Apostle fixing all our affections and thoughts upon Eternity wee shall continually desire to bee dissolved that we may live with Christ in his Eternall habitation and when wee shall receive the summons to dislodge hence brought us by age diseases war famine pestilence or any other officer of time clad in the hideousest dresse that death can weare wee shall with joy prepare our selves unto the journey and with the Prophet David say Laetatus sum in his quae dicta sunt mihi in domum domini ibimus I am rejoyced in that which hath beene said unto me we will goe into the house of the Lord It seemes being a man according unto Gods owne heart hee had well studied the Nature of that celestiall mansion whose quallities hee doth so excellenty describe in the 2 following verses Stantes erant pedes nostri in atriis tuis Jerusalem Jerusalem quae aedificatur ut civitas cujus participatio ejus in idipsum Our feete were standing in thy Courts Jerusalem Here they are running forced to accompany the motion of time but they shall there be fixed in an Eternal rest never to bee disturbed by time or fortune Jerusalem that is builded as a City whose portion consisteth in the thing it selfe All other places are but Innes where we are entertained as passengers during our pilgrimage and therfore have their buildings subject as are those they harbour unto decay and ruine but this City being the permanent place of our aboade hath its foundations laid upon the never fading basis of Eternity And if you aske what is the stocke or treasure of the inhabitants in that blessed country he forth with tells us that their portion consisteth in the thing it selfe what is the thing it selfe but that which is without dependance upon any other and what is that but hee who being to declare himselfe unto the Patriarch Moses saith hee is hee that is even God himselfe in whom is comprehended the fulnesse of all things and without whom is nothing but the privation of good and happinesse Let us endeavour then so to comport our selves that wee bee not engaged amid these fading transitory things but may bee able to say with the Apostle our life is laid up with Christ in God and let our onely trafficke and negotiation be to hoord up treasures according to the counsell of our blessed Lord and Saviour where neither rust nor mothes can come to wast them nor thieves breake in to steale them from us Wee neede not be to seeke where that should bee since hee informeth us that t is in Heaven the onely proper seat and mansion of Eternity In the precedent discourse I have endeavoured to describe although imperfectly the Nature and condition of Eternity which is the true and proper habitation of our soules who have no commerce with time but onely by their union with our bodies A blessed country but such a one as doth not equally agree with all constitutions to some it is an Ocean of pleasure rest and happiness to others an abisse of everlasting horrour trouble and confusion the reason of which difference proceedes from the diversity of those severall dispositions and affections wee carry with us at our parting hence For the cleare understanding whereof it is necessary that wee consider the Nature of our Soules and examine what are those things which subsist in and together with them after the dissolution of our bodies The Heathen Philosophers guided only by the light of nature did some of them believe the soule of man to bee immortall they perceived well that shee was capable of many operations even in this life without the mediation of the bodie that shee gave a being within her selfe unto an infinite number of thinges abstracted from the severall notions of time place figure or any other property incident unto materiall things which kinde of being because it sorted not unto the things themselves in their owne Nature they must necessarily receive from her and they did thence inferr that shee could not communicate such a being unto them unlesse shee had an immateriall being in her selfe They saw the act of judging was an action purely her own whereby she produced severall conclusions which are new beings out of those premises that present themselves to our imaginations and knowing the infallibility of this argument ex nihilo nihil fit that of nothing there comes nothing they were fully satisfied the soule had a being independant from the body since it was able to communicate a being unto other things without the helpe of any Organes which depend upon her From the assurance of her being they collected also her immortallity for having by the strict observation of all naturall causes found out that nothing whatsoever could lose its former being and acquire a new one which wee terme death
causes from whence they spring so as if the one give her selfe over to the weake passions of griefe and lamentation this other falling from the height of her ambitious pretences must needs abandon her selfe unto despairer to rage and fury shee hath beene so far blinded during this life by the opinion of her owne wisdome and sufficiency or dazeled with the false lustre of her dignities and Power that she refused to stoop to the Divinity and acknowledge him the onely giver of them she hath therefore proposed her selfe unto her selfe as the maine end of all her actions and having thus established a chiefe good opposite unto that of all the other Creatures and setled in her selfe the notions and affections thereof shee hath beene seperated from the bodie When comming to discover the true Nature and cause of things shee findes that whatsoever hath a being depends on God as the first cause and are willingly subordinate unto him as the end for which they were created that her selfe is like a Prodigie in Nature whom all the other Creatures exprobrate with this her vile ungratitude Treason and Rebellion against their Maker what can shee doe having thus proudly contemned her God being her selfe forsaken and detested by all other things but seeke out a retirement in her selfe where her proud thoughts despoyled of that false greatnesse they had fancied feed her continually with envy rancour and dispite against her fellow Creatures and the Deity Her case in my opinion hath some resemblance with that of Baiazet King of the Turkes hee who was overcome and taken Prisoner by the great Tamerlane this proud Prince saw himselfe master of the better part of Asia and having swallowed in his ambitious thoughts the Monarchy of the whole World had besieged the Grecian Emperour in his Emperiall City which hee was upon the point of taking but in the midst of all his flattering prosperities he was invaded by this Tamerlane who having defeated him in a great battle caused him to bee shut up within an iron cage in which being inclosed he exposed him unto the mockery of all his Army and used him as a footstoole to tread upon whensoever he had occasion to get on horsebacke what were the thoughts of this proud Tyrant who haveing lately had the disposall of a World of men and being regarded by them as a Deity was suddenly become the scorne of Boies and Lackies and having formerly fancied to himselfe the Empire of the World was forced to serve another as his footstoole All his past greatnesse Power and Prosperities had now no other subsistance but in his Memory where they were alwayes present not to give ease to his afflictions but to encrease the anguish and the trouble of them by inspiring him with thoughts of rage and fury against God and men by whom his expectations had beene so foulely disappointed Such we may fancy to our selves are the ravings of this poore soule though with this difference that Bajazet was able to avoid the trouble of them by dashing out his braines against the iorn barres of that his Prison whereas this soule can never quit her selfe from being persecuted by those stings of conscience she carries with her as her torturers for all Eternity Alas how imperfect is that apprehension wee have of the acts which a soule exerciseth after her seperation from the bodie by comparing them unto those wee are capable of during this life hee that should estimate the motion of the primum mobile according unto what hee sees performed heere by a snaile would not fall shorter in his conception of the Rapid swiftness wherewith that Sphear is whirled about this Globe of Earth then wee shall doe in ours if wee resemble the affections of joy and griefe which wee have heere during the union with our materiall bodies to those a soule hath when shee is severed from it whether we shall consider her huge activity when she is purely an immateriall substance in comparison of what shee hath when shee is clogged with flesh and bloud or the perfection of her operations when she beholds clearly the things themselves in their owne Natures without helpe of those Ideas or imperfect represent aions of them in our fancies which wee are forced to use during this life or lastly the exemption from time and place by which our actions heere are all restrained but can have no commerce at all with her who is above the reach of time because of her Eternall being nor can bee circumscribed in place as having neither quantity nor matter The affections of joy and griefe as they-reside in the intellectuall appetite of man are but impulses of our wills upon our other faculties which carry us on to the enjoying of the one or shunning the other with more or lesse violence according to the measure of the impression wee receive touching the good or evill of them the force whereof depends upon the active motion of the soule and therein that of one seperated hugely surpasseth what shee hath heere while shee is mingled with the masse of our terrestriall bodies powder whereof wee have the dayly use when it remaines united in the Masse whereof it is composed is easily restrained by the weake closure of a Tunne or Barrell but if it once take fire will cause an Earthquake and shake the frame of Nature if it bee hindred in its course towards the region of fire which is the proper center whereunto it tends The soul hath some resemblance unto this her passions or impulses during her union with the bodie are weake and feeble but being once devided from it shee then hath an activity surpassing that of fire which makes her passions or impulses become so strong and violent that they bear no proportion at all with those which we have heere and enjoy nothing common with them but their appellation Their force is also very much encreased by the cleare sight she hath of things in their own Natures without the helpe of any Species drawne from the things or the conversion of her selfe unto the Phantasmes from whence ariseth the certainty of knowledge incompatible with doubt or with opinion which are the greatest enemies to action since no man ever vehemently covets or feares a thing of whose Nature hee is uncertain And lastly they are beyond measure heightened by the exemption from time and place which shee enjoyes during her state of seperation whereby shee comprehends after a sort all time and place within her selfe A little time and a small place are capable onely of little alterations wee are not sensible of the falling of one drop of water whereas in time it hath the force to pierce the hardest Marble and the Sunes beames which being divided into sundry places have scarce the Power to warme us doe when they are united by a glasse become a fire that burnes and scorceth What shall wee say then of a passion which hath Eternity and an infinity of place for bounds of its
in living creatures but by division and that that same could happen but two wayes viz. either by dividing the matter from the forme or by dividing the matter within it selfe they inferred thence that since both these wayes were incompatible with the soule shee was not capable of a reall change and consequently not of death which of all others is the greatest not the first because that shee is immateriall nor the second because she is a pure forme and that all formes are by their being so incapable of division of increase or diminution according unto these two Maxims among them forma non suscipit majus minus and this other in indivisibili non fit mutatio Upon the same grounds also they inferred that all the resolutions or judgments and all those Sciences and Arts whether speculative or practicke which are in the soule during this life shall remaine also in her after her seperation from the body these being things which depend onely on her and which are in a kind part of her selfe so as without them she would lose something of the perfection of her being And to conclude because they saw nothing among all the workes of Nature which did not at some time or other unlesse t' were hindred by exteriour causes attaine unto a fulnesse and maturity wherby it was enabled to reach that end for which it was ordained and found the reasonable soule alone which hath for the object of her understanding the truth of all naturall causes and their effects was not able at any time during this life wherein shee is united with the body to comprehend the utmost truth may bee discovered in any art or science whatsoever they thence inferred that shee was to enjoy a being after the dissolution of the body wherein she might at freedom exercise the power of reasoning wherwith shee is endued and not onely retaine those sciences shee hath acquired heere but also bee able to conceive all other truth and knowledge whatsoever which may bee deduced out of them by that concatenation and dependance which the verity of one proposition hath upon that of another I have delivered these speculations of the Philosophers with this brevity without setting downe the many arguments used by them for proofe of their assertions and answer of the objections have beene framed in opposition to them wherewith whole volumes might bee filled because they have beene since the most part of them confirmed unto us by the tenets of Christian Religion the truth whereof being revealed by God himselfe is not to bee disputed by mankind and I have taken this short view of the condition of our soules onely to this intent that in the sequell of the ensuing Discourse wee may upon these grounds bee able the better to discover how farr the ordinary working of naturall causes doth cooperate with the Divine justice in the reward of vertuous and the punishment of vitious persons For the clear understanding whereof wee must know that all living creatures whatsoever except man being destitute of reason suffer themselves without repugnance to bee directed by the rules of Nature That is the ordinary power used by God in governing the world which doth sweetly guide them to the performance of those actions and the obtaining of that end whereunto they are ordained But man whose portion is a reasonable soule assumes the conduct of himselfe and blinded by selfe love or overweaning pride forsakes the generall end of other things which is the honour and glory of their Maker to pursue his owne particular good and follow the inordinate affections of his owne corrupted Nature the true cause of which mistake is this that followes Those who have curiously searched into the composition of man observe that he may be considered in a triple capacity according unto every one of which hee hath a severall good that hee proposeth unto himselfe and endeavoureth to attaine unto during this life The first is that of a living creature composed of a materiall body and a forme that doth communicate unto it life and motion The second as he is indued with a reasonable soule capable of Discourse and knowledge participating thereby of the Nature of intellectuall spirits which plaseth him in a ranke above all the materiall creatures of this inferior world And the third as hee is the workemanship of God created by him out of nothing after his owne likenesse that hee might serve him with obedience and perseverance during his temporall being and be the witnesse and pertaker of his glory in Eternity The chiefest good of man according to the first are riches and corporeall pleasures called by the Apostle Concupiscentia carnis oculorum Concupiscence of the flesh and eyes According to the second the vanity of humane knowledge accompanied with the forgetfulnesse of God or the ambitious desire of obtaining Power Honour and command called by the same Apostle superbia vitae pride of life those who consider him according to the third capacity esteeme their chiefest good to consist in the uniting of their wills with God and in procuring the advancement of his glorious Name Now the vast distance there is betweene these ends which men proposâ—… unto themselves causeth the great diversity wee see dayly betweene them in the direction and conduct of their lives each one desiring to obtaine the object of his wishes by actions suitable unto it Those of the first rank abandoning themselves to sensuall lusts forget the dignity of humane Nature and abase themselves into the ranke of beasts Those of the second denying to acknowledge him from whom they have received all those advantages wherein they glory imitate the Divels in their pride ungratitude and rebellion against their maker Those onely of the third ranke entring into the true knowledge of themselves and of the end for which they were created submit their wills unto Almighty God and endeavoring to imitate the Angells in their prompt obedience make themselves during this life fit to enjoy their society after the dissolution of their bodies From the great contrariety of mens judgments resolutions and of the actions and habits that flow from and are acquired by them ariseth the different condition of our soules when they are seperated from our bodies The Corall we see daily growes in the Sea and I have read that being under water it may by reason of its softnesse bee moulded into any shape or figure whatsoever but being once exposed unto the open aire it forthwith hardens and is no more capable of change and alteration the like happeneth unto our soules who while they do continue in this Sea o' th' world are susceptible of the different affections of good and bad according to the severall appearances of things which working on our fancies incline our wills unto the following or forsaking of them but having once finished their voyage heere must alwayes weare the dresse of those affections they have at parting hence and reape their harvest in Eternity
suitable unto the seeds they have sowed heere according to that saying of the Apostle quaecunque seminaverit homo eadem metet whatsoever a man hath sowed the same also he shall reap Let us examine the condition of one who hath abandoned himselfe unto his sensuall lusts and placing his chiefe good in them hath imploied all the affections and faculties of his Soule in compassing those objects of his wishes his stock of time is now exhausted whilest hee endeavoured onely to beguile it with the variety of choise delights and death finding him busie in the caressing of his body hath violently snatched it from him The stately Pallaces vast Treasures and ravishing beauties whereof he thought himselfe the owner are now in the possession of another and the poore Soule is exposed naked upon the confines of Eternity Let us with the eyes of contemplation accompany her thither and see what are her thoughts what are her entertainments in that Countrey wherein as yet she is a stranger This rude alarme hath rous'd her now out of that pleasing slumber wherein she retchlessely consumed the time allotted her to labour and shee is come unto the land of rest wherein shee must for all Eternity subsist upon the stocke shee hath brought with her she now begins to take a view thereof and summing her accounts she findes that all her large possessions sumptuous Buildings Friends and Riches have parted with her at the houre of Death that all her pleasures are vanished like a Dreame that her body for whose solace and delight all these were coveted is mouldring into dust and ashes and that in fine of all that shee hath done of all that shee hath seene suffered or enjoyed there remaines nothing with her but her owne inordinate judgements and affections which like a raging fire burne her without consuming whilest all her powers and faculties are racked incessantly when shee considers the excellencie of what shee hath forgone the unworthinesse of what she hath pursued and the impossibility to retract her choice All that which a most violent passion is able to produce in the most capable subject is nothing in comparison of her afflictions Wee read that Pompeys wife shee who was daughter unto Julius Caesar died suddenly with the excesse of griefe caused by the love she bare unto her husband upon the sight but of a bloudy garment which shee knew had beene that day worne by him and if we may believe the Poets that same passion drew Orpheus to Hell among the Ghosts and Fiends in search of his Euridice as being company much more supportable unto him then were his cares and sorrowes occasioned by her absence but alas what comparison is there betweene the cause of their afflictions they sorrowed for their seperation from those they loved but for a time as being well assured that although time would not restore life to those had lost it yet hee would certainly unite them to their loves by giving death to those that sought it whereas Eternity though infinite and boundlesse cannot in all the vastnesse of extension furnish this soule with the least ray of hope that she shal meet again with those deceitfull pleasures wherin she had established her contentment The miseries wee suffer during our union with our bodies have ever with them this double comfort viz. that either they themselves wil change their Nature or wee change our opinions touching the Nature of them The course of things wee see is variable and wee may probably imagine that as our joyes have passed so also will those things that do afflict us or else that the acquaintance wee shall make with misery will in time so farre alter the Nature thereof that wee shall bee no longer troubled at it The strongest Poysons do in tract of time become naturall food to those that are accustomed to them as heeretofore wee read it happened unto that King from whom we have the name and use of Mithridate whereas the miseries of an Eternall condition can never receive ease by any alteration either in the things themselves or in the mindes of those that suffer them Because Eternity is nothing else but a fixed instant allwayes permanent and time is so essentially necessary unto change that it cannot bee wrought but by his meanes according to the before recited Maxime In instanti non fit mutatio The torment which Mazentius mentioned by Virgil in his Aeniods used to his captives hath some imperfect weake resemblance of this poore soules condition that Tyrant used to fasten them unto dead bodies ioyning their hands their feet their mouths their eyes and all their other parts with those of putrid carcasses Let us consider what were the thoughts of those poor miserable wretches who though living in themselves were by this union hindred from exercising any the actions of life and notwithstanding their natural aversion from stench from rottenness and from corruption were yet forced to converse onely with them exchanging all the happinesse of life to entertaine those dismall objects which presented them with nought but ghastlienesse and terrour That unto which those wretches were compelled by outward violence is an imperfect representation of what happens to this soule by her depraved habits and affections shee hath made choice of bodily delights and pleasures as her chiefest good she hath imployed during her life the faculty of her understanding in the contemplating and that of her will in the enjoyment of them the often reiteration of these acts and judgements have powerfully imprinted them within her and being thus disposed her temporall union with the bodie hath beene dissolved and shee s becom a dweller in Eternity where as I have already shewed shee is not capable of alteration shee very well perceives the base unworthinesse and vanity of those delights and the impossibility of ever comming to enjoy them but cannot quit her inclinations to them which not permitting her to exercise her faculties on objects worthy her selfe fill her with notions of earthly fading and corruptible things whereon beginning to bee now sensible of her owne naturall perfections shee cannot cast a thought but doth replenish her with horrour with confusion and afrightment The condition of a soule puffed up with pride of humane knowledge or the ambitious desire of Power and Command after her seperation from the bodie is yet much more deplorable then that of the other The failings of the one have proceeded from a grosse ignorance of the true good was to be followed and from a soft compliance with the bodie whereas this other hath offended out of malice and contempt of the first cause from whom shee hath received her being the one is to bee looked on as a simple Malefactor whereas this other cannot be considered but as a Traytor and a Rebell who hath attempted to invade the rights of her Creator and indeavoured to find out a wisdome and establish a power which should bee independant of him Their passions are proportionable unto the