is expedient sometimes being harder as not well chawed sometimes gluttinous and clammy and therefore apt to stick in the gullet for many times the meat when it is not well shread is deteined in its passage And to remove downward this deteined Bolus we stand in need of drink and therefore drink may not be only esteemed the Vehicle of aliment through the most narrow regions of the veines but its Vehiculum in all places and not onely through the whole gullet but also where the meat descends from the gullet into the stomack by the benefit of this liquid vehicle it is carried through the whole bottom of the ventricle and runs out also to the right side On the other side the gullet is soft and not open as the rough artery is but easily fals upon it selfe and staies the descent of meat which otherwise it was convenient should descend as soone as may be as well for the compression of the adjacent parts as the stomack lest it should delay the concoction of the meat And although Nature not thinking fit to commit this necessary action to the weight onely of the meat whereby it is moved of it selfe would have it moved of another and notwithstanding that the gullet moveth the meat into the stomack by naturall instruments that is by streight Fibres not only attracting it How Deglutition is performed but thrusting pressing it down by transverse Fibres yet shee hath ordained withall a muscle to wit an instrument of the soule which by a voluntary motion drives and thrusts down the meat into the stomack and this muscule is seated at the beginning of the gullet having a transverse or orbicular position and laid over the gullet it comprehends it and drawes it together and by constringing thrusts the meat forcibly into the stomack pressing it downe and driving it forward Therefore when the meat thrust from the mouth to the beginning of the gullet and streightned in and compressed by the transverse muscule and being constrained to passe by the gullet and forthwith attracted by the right Fibres and by a conveniency of qualitie of the ventricle and driven forward and in a manner compress'd or altogether compress'd by the transverse Fibres comes streight into the stomack the action of the gullet that is deglutition is performed and consummated the action being animall and partly Naturall And that this stronger motion is required in the top of the gullet the Larinx is the cause which being of a thick body cartilagineous and rigid and placed at the beginning of the gullet it had altogether hindred the ingresse of meat into the gullet unlesse Nature had here constituted a muscule the opifex of deglutition neither would this muscule suffice by reason of the thick and hard body of the Larinx opposed unto the gate of the gullet unlesse the Larinx at the instant of deglutition should recurve it selfe upward and unlocke the compressed mouth of the stomack for it appeares that when the meat doth recurve the Larinx side-way to the Epiglottis Drinking without gulping and shuts the chink prohibiting the breath to issue out then that the chink may be opened and respiration made the Larinx as it were compelled ascends upwards and so the gullet gapes neither doth it ascend only upwards but it is moved and deduced outward and forward and drawes together with it the gullet forward and outward therby to draw back and free it from the compressure of the spine and open it in its orifice and so the meat easily enters into it and in the ingresse the transverse muscule riseth up to its work Yet as Brasavola notes Brasav com ad lib. Hip. de rat vict in morb acut there are many that drink without the moving of Transglutition but that which they drink descends as if it were poured into a tankard as the nurse of his eldest son Renatus was wont to doe In this case they need no mandent member But he saies this is rare and besides Nature as it is besides Nature to have any action vitiated for that happens but rarely to men These are the only men who seem able to deny that the gullet or inner pipe of the Neck the meat-pipe or viand-pipe hath any publike action and that it is the way and passage onely and doth nothing but as it is pervious and hallowed along therein it affordeth a way and passage to the meat But action is a motive action which is brought forth of it selfe and it is not an action or to doe to be a way but only a use which is in all that doe nothing If the gullet should act its action would altogether consist about meat and drink but if it carry the unconfected meat it works nothing upon the meat and therefore there is no action of the throat Yet in the judgment of the best Anatomists it hath a publick action Words and meat not to be mixed which altogether respects meat and drinke and it is a way inasmuch as it is hollowed but unlesse it should act that way in sooth would be unprofitable and vaine Yet we must confesse that drinke perchance by reason of its thin and fluxile substance would flow downwards although it is well knowne that matter is not traduced thorough the body as it were by stone-gutters but is dispenced and moved by faculties Now although these men cherish not Nature so well as otherwise they might yet the silence which they observe in eating is very admirable and suitable to the cautionary provision of Nature for they deferre their conference untill some other time We saith the Relator who violate their custome by mixing words with our meat were laughed at by them and indeed by their Symposiack silence they better secure themselves in this point then we doe For although eating and speaking be both common actions of the mouth yet Nature cannot mind all things together but would have us hoc agere and therefore the method of the diverb is good First stridor Dentium then altum Silentium and last rumor Gentium Which in Festivals adjournes discourse untill the belly be full at what time men are at better leasure and may more securely venture upon table talke The observation of which Naturall rule might have saved Anacreons life who endangering himselfe this way died by the seed of a Grape In Candou Island the people have a fashion Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 9. that while they eat none dare spit or cough but they must rise and goe forth contrary to the practicall rule of the Grobians and indeed somewhat against the freedome and libertie of Nature although indeed these actions are somewhat importune and unwelcome guests at Feasts The Maldive SCENE XII Beard-haters Beard-haters or the opinion and practise of diverse Nations concerning the naturall Ensigne of Manhood appearing about the mouth THe Maldives shave their upper and lower lip Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 9. and all parts about the mouth because they would not
put off the very Nature of woman since another use of the Paps according to Hippocrates was to receive excrementitious moisture For if saith Hippocrates any disease or other event take away a womans Paps her voice becomes shriller she proves a great spitter and it much troubled with the paine in her head Men that pierce their Paps Before this Scene goes off I ought to take notice of a prophane Cavill of Momus against the Fabrique of the Breast of man who found fault that Nature had not made a Window in the Breast of man that one might have seen the motions of his heart and discovered the affections of his mind And amongst other things which King Don Alonso would who was Surnamed the Wise indiscreetly reforme in Nature this was one among the rest that he did blame her that she had not made a Window in mans Breast that he might see that which he was plotting in his heart and whether his manner of proceeding were faire and sincere or whether his words were feigned No need of a window in the Breast or whether like Janus he had two faces under one hood Alas the desired Window in the Breast would have been of little or no use since it stands not with the conveniency of most Nations to go with an open and bare Breast and say that the Breasts were generally exposed to the Eye Are not the Eyes two Casements that looke down into the Heart And hath not the Countenance a sufficient declaration of the Affection The Eyes being two severall Indexes of the same Nature in recompence and analogically to answer the curiosity of these mens Phantsies hath established a certaine Art of Physiognomy whereby a man may attaine unto a sufficient intelligence of the thoughts and affections of others SCENE XX. What mischief by swathing of Infants Dangerous Fashions and desperate Affectations about the Breast and Waste THe Pergamits as it appeares by Galens observation had a great affectation of old instreight swathing of their Children The walls saith he of the Breasts are for the most part depraved by Nurses while they from the first education do over-strictly bind them about with swathing bands espeicially saith he is this daily done among us to Virgins for while their Nurses are carefull to encrease their Hips and sides that they may exceed the Breast in magnitude they roll them all over with certaine bands and more vehemently restraine and compresse all the parts of the Scapula and Thorax whence it comes to passe sometimes that when all the parts are not equally compressed the Breast is made to bunch out forward or else the hinder parts that belong to the Back-bone are made Gibbous Swathing a cause of crookednesse so that they become crook-backt Another inconvenience also follows that the Back becomes as it were quite broken and brought to one side insomuch indeed as one of the Scapula's is not increased but appeares small and compressed We have the judgement of Frabicius Hildanus and Sennertus both learned men touching this matter In certaine Regions saith Hildanus and Families Hild. lib. de morb puer it is a custome by involving their little Infants as soone as they are born for what cause they know not to pen them up in too streightswathing Bands Whence it often happens that their bodies and limbs protuberate with crooked bunches and other deformities of the Knees Legs and other parts but also by reason of the more strict involution it happens which no man need to doubt of that their bones being yet tender soft and cartilaginious are easily wrested and drawn out of their naturall scituation which afterwards by degrees harden into an excrescence which he had observed in many Hereupon becomming crook-backt and lame the naturall proportion of the body is depraved and the body made incommensurate for whereas a measure taken from the Crown of mans head to the sole of his foot should answer to the distance between the middle finger of his right hand to the middle finger of his left hand when the Armes are stretched out to the full length this proportion cannot be observed in crook-backt men and hence they are justly accounted unproportioned The providence that is to be used in the swathing of Infants is a thing of high concernment and therefore there cannot be too much said thereof Take therefore what Mercatus hath of this matter This Cautions in ordering Infants saith he ought alwaies to be the care of Nurses Mercat de Infant Educat l. 1. that when they swathe their Children they endeavour to touch and handle every part of their body gently and carefully to divide that lightly which is to be divided and to extend that which is to be extended and depresse that which is to be depressed and to fashion every part according to the innate and more comly proportion of each part yet they must do it with a tender compression and with the very ends of their fingers too But swath-bands being provided for that purpose for the right ordering of the structure of the body if there be need they must gently and softly rewake and rectifie the members but if they be formed according to Nature they ought in no wise inconsiderately to touch them because oftentimes they fall into worse condition through the carelesnesse of those that handle them and for that cause they must not only be very carefull to swathe their Children but also in laying of them down when they are swathed lest some part should chance to remain awry or ill figured They must also gently squeese the bladder that they may the more easily make water Moreover the hands and armes are to be extended to the knees They must lightly bring the feet on both sides backward to the back and before to the head that they may learne to bend every part which ought to be bent yet they ought not to remaine setled upon the belly lest they prejudice the Entralls neither againe ought they to hold them with their face downwards untill they are swathed all over For it is better first to compose the swathbands that being laid they may receive the Infant upon his back yet they must observe this caution lest in swathing them a leg or an arme the backe or the neck be by any meanes distorted Our Custome of swathing children condemned they ought to cleane the Nose and to wipe the eyes with a gentle linnen cloath and thus after they have suckt sufficiently to lull them asleep by very gentle motions of the Cradle for by violent rockings the Epilepsie ariseth And it is better from the third month that they should be carried and in the Nurses armes lull'd asleep also you must take heed that you bind them not too strictly for that oftentimes is the cause of gibbosity and crookednesse neither therefore ought they to be too loose because their members are wont to lose the naturall figure and acquire that which in the relaxed
would spoile them Spigelius More cautious and better advised are the Venetian Dames who never lace themselves accounting it an excellency in beauty to be round and full bodied to attaine which comely fulnesse they use all the Art possible and if they be not corpulent by Nature Round and full Bodies affected nor can be really brought to it by Art will yet counterfeit such a Habit of body by the bumbasticall dissimulation of their Garments Purch Pilgr 2. lib. 6. The Egyptian Moorish women discreetly affect the same liberty of Nature who spread their Armes under their Robes to make them shew more corpulent for they thinke it a speciall excellency to be fat and most of them are so in frequenting the Baines for certaine daies together using such frictions and Diet as daily use confirmeth for effectuall And indeed as my Lord Bacon noteth Lord Bacons nat hist cent 9. Frictions make the parts more fleshy and full as we see both in men and in the currying of Horses c. the cause is for that they draw greater quantity of spirits and bloud to the parts And againe because they draw the Aliment more forcibly from within And againe because they relax the Pores and so make better passage for the spirits bloud and aliment Lastly because they dissipate and digest an inutile or excrementitious moisture which lyeth in the flesh all which help assimulation Frictions also do more fill and impinguate the Body than exercise The cause is for that in Frictions the inward parts are at rest How to make a body fleshy and full which in exercise are beaten many times too much and for the same reason Galley-slaves are fat and fleshy because they stir the Limbs more and the inward parts lesse SCENE XXI A modest Apology Strange inventive Contradictions against Nature practically maintained by divers Nations in the ordering of their Privy-parts AFter our Historicall peregrination to discover the use and abuse of Parts being arrived at this place in the Tract of a practicall Metamorphosis I could not see how I should answer it to Nature if I had silently passed by the abuses that have been put upon her in these parts for had I given way to such an unseasonable modesty my designe had proved lame and a great part of my end and aime frustrated it being to make a thorough discovery not only of the pragmaticall vanity of man but of the raging malice of the enemy of mankind who labours to deforme and destroy the worke of Nature while after most wonderfull and strange waies he exerciseth prophane and wicked men by the law of his Tyranny to which he hath enslaved them The cause of frequent Transformations who in the first place hath laid snares for the parts of Generation there being no other part be so deadly hates not only endeavouring as Peucerus rightly notes to encrease the penalty inflicted by God upon Nature but to hinder the propagation of the remaining impression of the Image of the Archetype in man and debar his restitution which is one reason that is given by the learned Bauhinus of the cause of mans so frequent Transformation Bauhin lib. de Hermoph I but some may say this might have been an obstacle to reveale the veile of Nature to prophane her mysteries for a little curious skill pride to ensnare mens minds by sensuall expressions seemeth a thing lyable to heavy constructions But what is this as one saith apollogyzing for himselfe in such a businesse but to arraigne Vertue at the bar of Vice Hath the Holy Scripture it selfe the Wisdome of God as well in the old Law particularly as also in many passages of the New balked this Argument God that created these parts did he not intend their preservation in the state of Nature and can they be preserved so if we know not their naturall perfection Or if the injurious inventions of man have practically depraved these parts can Nature be vindicated or her honesty asserted without knowledge and discovery of the Abuses that have been and are committed in these parts Examples there are of this Concession not only in Latine but in all mother Tongues And the most of my Histories are in English already as appeares by the grave Authours quoted and this hath had an allowance in all Ages and Common-wealths and the opinion of grave and reverend Divines is that such discourses upon fit occasions are not to be intermitted Indeed Yard-Balls it were to be wished that all men would come to the knowledge of these secrets with pure eyes and eares such as they were matched with in their Creation But shall we therefore forfeit our knowledge because some men cannot containe their lewd and inordinate affection Our intention is first and principally to discover the abuses of the parts Secondarily to teach those who are sober minded the naturall use honesty and perfection of parts as well to give glory to him who hath so wonderfully created them as also to explode and detest the mischieves prodigious vanity to which among and above the rest these parts have been notoriously subjected As much as was possible we have endeavoured not frustrating our lawfull scope by honest words and circumlocutions to render the Argument more favourable to the eares of those who are wise indeed and not to discontent any unlesse the Negative ignorance of such who precisely thinke there is no other principle of goodnesse than not to know evill The Inhabitants of Ava in the West-Indies Purch Pilgr 3. lib. 1. weare in their Yards betwixt the skin and flesh Bels of Gold Silver or Brasse of the bignesse of Nuts which they put in when they are of age to use women and in short time cure the place and the men much please themselves to heare the sound of them as they go these Venus-Morris-Dancers frisking often to the tune of their own Codpiece-musique Magin Georgr Ind. orient One Geographer gives in evidence against the Peguans that they are very much given to luxurie and that they in favour of the women weare golden or silver bells hanging at their virile members to the end that they make a sound as they walk through the City Grimston of their manners Another saith the Peguans are wonderfully given to the love of women and for their sakes they weare little bells of Gold and Silver hanging at their members to the end they may make a noise when as they go in the streets Herberts Travels lib. 3. For Siam another Authour reports that to deter these Catamites a late Queene Rectrix commanded that all Male Children should have a bell of Gold in it an Adders Tongue dried put through the prepuce which in short time not only became not contemptible but inway of ornament and for Musique few are now without three or foure so that when they have a mind to marry he hath his choice of what maid he likes but beds her not untill
Art come to such agility as the Nairo's have Turpis Romano Belgicus ore color But the Venetian Dames have the harder taske to please For all bodies may be made leane but it is impossible to fatten where a vehement heat or driness is by nature for one may easily substract from Nature but to adde to Nature is difficult when vertue doth not cooperate among the rest they who have great Livers are very difficultly improved with flesh All other Creatures if they have sufficient and proper food will grow fat and be franked whereas men although they have the best aliment exhibited to them will not in like manner be fat the chiefe cause whereof as to man is imputed to his temperament but there are three causes found which impedes the fatting of man Corpulency where in great esteeme The first is the great variety and dissimilitude of meat to which appertaines that many men observe not a certaine time of repast whence there ariseth unequall concoctions the other cause is immoderate venery or venerious cogitations but the third and chiefest cause is to be attributed to the sollicitous cares of his mind which dry his very bones The Gordians Bruson Facet Exempl l. 7. when they appoint one to be their Chiefe they chuse one of the most corpulent amongst them for corpulency with them contrary to the opinion of Epaminondas the Theban is held a corporall vertue whereas he could not endure a corpulent Souldier saying that three or foure shields would not suffice to cover his belly who had not a long time seene the witnesses of his own Virility The Goths would not elect any man to be their King except he were tall grosse and very corpulent On the contrary the Sarazens would have no King to command over them except he were little leane and low of stature Opinions although opposite yet well considered neither side may be void of reason The Author of the Treasury of Times vol. 1. lib. 3. cap. 17. Jo. Bohem. de morib gent. li. 3. Reasons pro and con you may find in the Treasury of Times which are too long here to insert The ancient Gaules through their assiduous labour and exercise were all leane and spare bodied and their bellies very little set out for they did so abhor a paunch that young men whose bellies exceeded the measure of their Girdles were publikely punished Marcus Aurelius was wont to say that hogs and horses fatnesse did well become them Monstrous fat men but that it was more commendable in men to be leane and slender for that your grosse men are commonly grosse witted besides they have a filthy wallowing gate they are unfit to fight either for themselves or their friends they are a kind of unweildy lump an unprofitable masse of flesh and bone being not able to use any manly exercise whereas we see it is quite otherwise in those that are leane and not laden with fat Among the Lacedemonians fat folkes were not only in disgrace but they did punish them by most severe Laws made against them For Lycurgus appointed a small Diet to the Lacedemonians on purpose that their bodies by that streight diet might grow up more in height for the vitall spirits not being occupied to concoct and digest much meat nor yet kept down nor spread abroad by the quantity or over-burden thereof do enlarge themselves into length and shoot up for their lightsomenesse and for this cause they thought the body did grow in height and length having nothing to let or hinder the rising of the same It seemeth saith Plutarch that the selfe same cause made them fairer also For Over fed bodies encounter Nature Plut. in the Life of Lycurgus the bodies that are leane and slender do better and more easily yield to Nature which bringeth a better proportion and a forme to every member and contrariwise it seemeth these grosse corpulent and over-fed bodies do encounter Nature and be not so nimble and pliant to her by reason of their heavy substance As we see it by experience the children which women bring before their time and be somewhat cast before they should have been borne be smaller and fairer also and more pure commonly than other that go their time because the matter whereof the body is formed being more supple and pliant is the easier weilded by Nature which giveth them their shape and forme the naturall cause of which effect he gives place to them dispute it who will without farther deciding the same And indeed as Levinus Lemnius observes it is confirmed by daily experience that children who do much Gormandize grow up lesse comely neither shoot up to a just and decent longitude for the Native heat is suffocated and over-whelmed with too much moisture that it cannot shape the body to a comely taleness of stature wheras they who are fed moderately and use a sparer diet feed only at certain set times become not very grosse neither increase in flesh or grow fat but their bones thereupon increase in length So we see young men children in long continued sicknesses to grow lean and slender yet their bodies to shoot out in length and to increase in stature which Lemnius should thinke happens by reason of drinesse for the bones since they are dry Men growing Giants by a disease they are nourished with an aliment familiar agreeable unto them seeing that in sick men the humours and aliment received through heat and the drinesse of the body become dry the bones are extended in length and by reason of the somewhat dry nourishment they gaine some advantage in stature especially when man is in such an age wherein his body as soft and ductile Potters clay may be formed and produced in length Remarkable examples of this truth are to be found for they have been seen whom a Quartan-Ague hath raised into a Giant-like bulk and stature Spigelius hath a story of one Anthony of Antwerp who lived in his time who being borne a little and weake Infant of a sudden through a disease became a great Giant Such with the Greeks are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in whom there lies hid the Seminary of a disease which cals forth a prodigious augmentation with an untimely death Salamine the son of Euthemen in three yeares grew up to the height of three cubits as Pliny reports In like manner a son of Cornelius Tacitus the Noble Historian died young Every man hath a certaine and determinate time set to his growth wherein by degrees and tacite augmentations he attaineth either to a legitimate or Dwarfish stature and that power of encreasing whereby the body happens to be enlarged in longitude is seldome produced beyond the five and twentieth yeare but for the greatest part is terminated within one and twenty yeares but to grow fat and corpulent happens not to be done in certaine spaces of time but by reason of nutriment when it is plentifully taken in which may
this was a fashion of old ibid. The errours of Nurses in ordering Infants tending to this mischiefe 340 The commendation of those Nations who never lace themselves but affect a round and full wast 342 343 The art they use to this purpose 344 Where the Breasts are accounted shamefull parts 315 The reason in Nature why women should have a modest regard of their Breasts ibid Breech-Gallantry 409 VVHY Man naturally hath no taile ibid. Divers tailed Nations 410 411 412 Tailed Monsters 412 How a tale comes to be monstrously added to a humane offspring 413 Sodomiticall abusers of this part noted and condemned 413 414 415 Body NAtions that embroder their skins with Iron pens and seare race pinke cut and pounce their Bodies 455 457 458 469 466 Where they have skin prints and past Garments for their Bodies 456 Where they paint their Bodies red white black blew tawney and other colours in works such as they devise 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 469 Enquire about Negroes and how so great a part of man-kinde became blacke 466 467 468 469 Nations that affect the plumage of Birds and dresse their Bodies all over with their feathers 470 471 Hairy Nations 472 The cause of Pilosity 474 Men borne with shagged Haire like a water Spanell 475 Nations that winde their bones like sinews 476 Art used to make maids fat 477 Why all men cannot be franked or made fat 478 Corpulency where in great esteem 479 Monstrous fat men 480 481 Fat folkes where in disgrace 482 overfed-Overfed-bodies encounter Nature 483 Men growing Gyants by a disease 484 The cause of tall stature 485 Meanes to accelerate growth or stature 486 487 Fatnesse when it doth prejudice Nature 488 The naturall magnitude of the Body 489 A way to make men by Art 490 The opinion of learned men touching this Artifice 491 The Pygmies of Paracelsus 492 The Commensuration of Womans Body vindicated 493 The Historyes of Pigmies maintained 494 496 497 488 Nations of little men 495 Pigmies without all question 499 Dwarfes made by art 500 The reason of dwarfish stature 501 That the Divell may make Pigmies 502 503 Histories of Giants 503 504 She Gyants 505 The cause of small stature 506 The cause of tallnesse of stature Nations of Gyants 508 Men of very tall stature 509 Over-tallnesse of stature a deformitie 510 Whether Divels may have to doe That Divels may exercise venerious acts with women 514 That Divels cannot generate upon Women 515 The Originall of Gyants 515 The supposed Originall of Neroes 516 Why the Amazons did lame their Male Children 517 An Art pretending to new make a Man 518 That Nature sometimes workes wonders in this kinde ibid. 519 That Monsters may be made by the Art of naturall Magique 520 alias 516 Mans Metamorphosis 519 alias 521 Whether Men can be transform'd into Beasts 502 alias 522 Whether Witches have power to transubstantiate others 521 alias 523 That the soule of Man cannot informe a Beasts body 522 alias 524 Transubstantiation denied 523 alias 525 Mans transformation into an Asse questioned 524 alias 526 525 alias 527 The inpiety of transubstantiation 526 alias 528 527 alias 529. Changelings and the Legerdemane thereof 527 528 alias 529 530. In the Introduction THE unimitable curiosity and exact perfection of the structure of mans Body maintained against the errour of Epicurus That it doth appeare that the humane forme hath been altered â—â—aâ— waâ—â—s both by art and diurnall succession The audacious art of new moulding the body reprehended and the inconveniences thereof noted Midwives and Nurses by their unskilfulnesse or neglect the causers of the ill figure of the Body That every part of the new-born Infants Body is to be formed according to the most advantage of Nature That this is the end of Cosmeticall Physicke Mercurialis his complaint that this most noble art of Cosmetiques is growne out of use C Cheeke NAtions who bore holes in their Cheeks for a Gallantry 163 164 Where they make lines above their lips upon their Cheeks with certaine Iron Instruments 164 Cheek-markers condemned 165 Inscisions upon the Cheeke of old forbidden E Ears NAtions whose Eares doe reach the ground and who use their Eares for a couch to sleep on 141 142 143 Nations with Eares so large that they cover the rest of their Body with them ibid. An infant borne with such large and great Eares 143 Nations with their Eares hanging down to their shoulders and lower 144 145 146 By what art and industry they attaine unto so great Eares 145 146 147 Nations that bore pierce or slit the lappet of their Eares and load them with ponderous Jewels 145 146 147 148 149 Where the greatest Eares are esteemed the fairest and they accounted more honorable that have them 146 147 The deformity introduced by the artificiall great Eares 157 The use of the lobe or lower lappet of the Eare. 156 Where the wider the holes are the more noble they esteem themselves to be 146 The prodigious widenesse of their Eare-holes measured ibid. Nations with their Eares bored full of holes 149 Where long Eares are held such a note of Gallantry that they call them Apes that have not their Eares long 145 Where their Gallantry is to weare pegs of wood slender like knitting needles a finger long and make them looke like hedge-hoggs 149 Large Ear'd shee-Gallants 148 Prodigious kind of Earings and Pendants worne by most Nations 148 150 151 152 153 What beauty it was that Nature invented in the outward Ear. 155 Men with Asses Eares 159 Where People have the nether part of their Eares cut into a round circle hanging downe very low upon their Cheeks 151 152 Why man had lesse Eares assigned him then other Animals 157 The naturall proportion symetry and beauty of the Eare. ibid. and 155 The prodigious vanity of Earrings noted and exploded 154 155 The use of the outward Eare. 156 That this horrid affectation of great Eares in this pack of large Ear'd hell-hounds savours of more then the ordinary vanity incident to mankinde 157 Where they affect to have a small Eare standing close to their Head 158 What artifice and industry Nurses use to forme Infants Eares unto their minde ibid. The inconveniences of little Ears and the vanity of man in this supposed beauty and the dammage proceeds hence to the action of the Eare. 158 159 Monsters with very large double and round Eares 160 Nations the holes of whose Ears are much wider then ours ibid. Nations who have no Eares at all and yet heare most exactly ibid. Infants borne without Eares ibid. The sad condition of those who are deprived of the outward Eare. 160 161 Eyes NAtions with one Eye planted in their forehead 101 102 103 104 A Monocular childe born 104. Why man hath naturally two Eyes 101 Children borne without Eyes 104 Nations without Eyes ibid. 240 Men with foure Eyes 105 Men that have Eyes in their Shoulders ibid. 240 A man with two Eyes in the
made all and when or how he would forme this or that he knowes best having the perfect skill how to Beautifie the Universe by opposition and diversity of parts but he that cannot contemplate the Beauty of the whole stumbles at the deformity of the part and not knowing the Congruence that it hath with the whole Yet God forbid that any one should be so besotted as to think the Maker erred in these Mens Fabrick though we know not why he made them thus be the diversity never so great he knowes what he doth and none must reprehend him therefore what Nations so e're have shapes differing from that which is in most Men and seem to be exorbitant from the Common forme if they be definable to be reasonable Creatures and Mortall they must bee acknowleged for Adams Issue But St. Austin here speaks more like a Divine then a Philosopher for although the supreame efficient and supernaturall cause of Monsters is God and that when Nature seems to deflect from the common Law established shee is rapt by a Divine force and there is aliquid Divini in the peculiar cause of these transfigurations of the Humane forme and that the finall cause of these prodigious apparitions may be the anger of God who is no way bound to the Law of Nature and who in revenge for some crime committed may transforme a Man as he did Nebuchadnezzar or give over a self-deformed Nation to the vanitie of their own inventions yet it sounds very harsh to the principles of our Philosophie that the God of Nature should be so glorified by such strange apparances that evill and imperfect Creatures should concurre to the perfection of the universe since they have no reference to the Beauty of the World because the Beauty of the universe consists in things perfect and permanent and Monsters quatenus Monsters being nothing but defects and privations can contribute no perfection and so consequently appertaine not to the Beauty of the universe if they did conferr any ornament they should for the most part be produced because the great decorum of the World is sustained by frequent effects but Monsters happen rarely and therefore they ought to be segregated from the Ornaments of the World and if they had come to light to adorne the World they had from the beginning of the World appeared which we read of no where How this Monstrous alienation from the Humane Form was first introduced and continued is not so easie to conjecture St Augustine de civit Dei St Augustine thinks that the same reason may be given for these deformed Nations as there is for those Monstrous productions of Men which sometimes happen among us of which kind of prodigious productions there are many records wherein Nature seems to have upbraided Mans invention and to retaliate his affectations Anno Dom. 1525 at Wittenberg an Infant was borne without a Head Anno 1554 In Misnia an Infant was born without a Head Fincelius de mirac nostri temporis the Effigies of Eyes expressed in his Breast Anno Domini 1562 in the Calends of November at Villafranc in Vasconia a Monster was borne a Female Acephalon the Pourtraiture of which headlesse Monster Fontanus who religiously affirmed that he had seen it having communicated to Johannes Altinus the Physitian Schenchius de monst capit he presented it to Paraeus when he was writing his Commentarie of Monsters Paraus lib. 24. cap. 6. And reason may perswade us that it is not impossible for it may happen by the constitution of the Climate that the Neck may not be allowed to be eminently advanced above the Shoulders and yet the instruments of Nature may performe their Office in a nearer approach of the Neck unto the Body Kornmannus lib. 1. de vivorum miraculis which is the opinion of Kornmannus But for my own part I much suspect some villanous Artifice and affectation to have been concurrent causes of this non-appearance of the Head and some fantasticall dislike of the Naturall distance between the Head and the Body by the interposition of the Neck which hath been the humour of some other Nations who have in a manner no Neck as appears in this Scene and in the fifteen and sixteenth of this our practicall Metamorphosis where you shall find this very Nation described as if they affected to have their Shoulders higher then their Heads And Sr Walter Rawleigh saith their Heads appeare not above their Shoulders And I conceive that they are not so much headlesse as that their Heads by some Violent and constant Artifice are pressed down between their Shoulders and affecting to have their Shoulders higher then their Heads the Scapula's by the constant endeavour of their Levators grown to a habit hath drowned the Head in the Breast the Head being crowded too close to the Shoulders and as it were growing to them the Neck is quite lost and the Eies seem planted as upon the Shoulders and the Mouth in the Breast a shadow of which resemblance we may sometimes see in very croked short neck'd Men. And consequently all the uses of the Neck in point of circumspection are quite lost by this Artifice and the Donation of Nature therein is made void for they cannot with ease turne their Head about to and fro every way to looke about them the Spondyles or turning round Bones tied and fastened one unto another by joynts and knots cannot possible in this posture accomplish their Motions But this charge and evidence I give in only against them by way of presumption you Gentlemen Readers of the Jury may give up your Verdict according to your judgments and either find Billa Vera or returne Ignoramus Sr. John Mandevils Travels cap. 83. Beyond the Land of Cathay there is a Wildernesse wherein are many wild Men with Hornes on their Heads very hideous and speake not but rout as Swine That men should be so cornuted or have horns grow on their Heads is a thing neither impossible nor incredible for many have been Borne cornuted Amat Lusit cent cur 51. Amatus Lusitanus speaks of a Boy Borne with a little horne on his Head Lycost Chron de prod stent Ann. 1233 In Rathstade a Town in the Norican Alpes which the Inhabitants call Taurus there was an Infant Borne cornuted Jacobus Fincelius de miraculis Anno 1551 in a Village of Marchias call'd Dammenuvald neer Whitstock a Country Mans Wife brought forth a Monster with such a horned Head Among the Subalpians in Quierus a little Town ten Miles distant from Taurin Teurin Anno Dom. 1578 Amb. Paraeus lib. 24. cap. 2. the seventeenth of January about 8 of the clock at Night an honest Matron brought forth a Child having five hornes one against another on his Head like unto Rams hornes Lanfraneus saw a man who came unto him for his advice Lanfraneus tract 3. Doct. 2. cap. 3. Chirur Major who had seven Eminencies in his Head one
noted to be Celsus therefore is mistaken where he affirmes their Heads to become thereby more firme and safe from pain but he more derogates from the justice and Wisdome of Nature when he affirmes that the fewer sutures there be the health of the Head is more thereby accommodated both which opinions of Celsus Fallopius very moderately expounds by way of distinction saying Gabr. Fallopius comment in lib. Gal. de Ossibus that his opinion is partly true and partly false for if you understand him of those affections that have pain from an internall cause then it is so farr that their Heads should not ake that they rather ake since there are found many affections which arise from vapours and smoak retained but if we understand it of those griefs which may arise from long abode under the Sun or from the coldnesse of the ambient Aire his opinion is most true because since there are no sutures there can be no transpiration of externall aire hot or cold therefore he must be understood of paines which proceed from an extrinsique cause But the other part of his opinion is not to be endured of those who tender the reputation and honour of Nature For Reald. Columb Anat. lib. 1. cap. 5. Columbus from many most certaine arguments drawn from experience and dissections made upon the skuls of many men and which is more strange and scarce credible some Women who have died of incurable Head-aches have been assured finding in their skuls small sutures and those conjoyned close together that their paines have been occasioned from that too close composition of bones and hath hence tooke a just occasion to right Nature by this honourable conclusion That the sutures of the Head doe not only conferre to the defence of the Bodies health but do conferr more unto it by how much the greater and looser they shall be Wherefore saith he I could never approve of the opinion of Cornelius Celsus asserting that Heads without sutures are not only most strong and firme but also free from all manner of griefs such as are to be found in hot and scorching Regions for he only takes notice of causes hurting the Head from without sure if the saying of Celsus were true those Heads should be weaker and more apt to suffer which had remarkable sutures then those which had small or no sutures at all But since it is otherwise and the Braine is more apt to be damnified by internall fuliginous recrements then outward injuries we must conclude that those Heads which have more ample sutures are far safer from paine then those that are destitute of them or are intersected with small and very close ones SCENE II. Bald pates Certaine Fashions of Haire affected by divers Nations and their opinions and practise about Haire-rites most derogatory to the Honour of Nature THe Arymphaei who dwell near the Ryphaean Mountaines Ravisius ex Herodoto esteem Haire upon the Head to be a very great shame and reproach and therefore they affect baldnesse and are so from their nativity both men women The Arnupheae as Pliny reports be all shorne and shaven Pliny lib. 6. for both Men and Women count it a shame to have haire on their Heads The Argippaei Jo Bohemus de ritibus gent. lib. 2. that live under the roots of the high mountains in Scythia are bald from their Nativity both Men and Women Lindschoten lib 1. cap. 26. The Japonians account it for a great Beauty to have no Haire wh ch with great care they do pluck out only have a bunch of Haire on the Crown of their Heads which they tye together Grimstone of their manners Another saith some of them pull away their Haire before and others behind and the peasants and meaner sort of People have halfe the Head bald the Nobility and Gentry have few Haires behind and if any one touch them that are left they hold it for a great offence Sr. John Mandevils Travels cap. 54. In the Land of Lombe wher groweth good Wine and Women drinke Wine and Men none the Women shave their Heads and not Men. That the Haire should be as these Nations conceive a most abject excrement an unprofitable burthen and a most unnecessary and uncomely covering and that Nature did never intend that excrement for an Ornament is a piece of Ignorance or rather malicious impiety against Nature How great an Ornament the Haire is to the Head appears by the deformity is introduced by baldnesse If the Haire were an excrement it should be shut quite out of the Body but this remaines in and they have many different accidents of which they ought to give a finall cause and not to tie them to the necessity of matter which is supposed one end of their production Neither doe they proceed from the fuliginous excrements of the Braine as some are pleased to think but rather as Spigelius well notes of Blood attracted by the root of the Haire unto the rest of the Plant and Trunck which may be procured from those things which in other Creatures hold analogy with the Haires of Man And therefore when the Braine is consumed baldnesse ensues the allowed plenty of blood exhausted to wit The Naturall use of Haire that from whence Haires and wherewith the Braine and the circumstant parts are nourished The prime end therefore of the Haire of the Head is to defend the skin the second use is to defend the Braine from injuries from without or from within From without there may happen to fall upon it Aire Raine Haile from within Vapours exhaling from the inferior parts may prove troublesome The Aire may hurt the Head many waies by coldnesse constipating the Pores of the skin whence the regresse of Vapours is exhibited by heat whence the Spirits are dissipated and the Braine as it were sod by moistnesse relaxing the internall parts by drinesse astringing all and consuming the innate humiditie against all these inconveniences which the foolish malice of these Men bring upon their Heads the Haire by covering the Head doth very aptly bring reliefe Raine moistens Haile smites on it the density of the Haire keeps off one the other the ductus or course of the Haire turns away for the thicknesse of the Haire admits not easily of Raine and the turnings of the Haire doe straightway cast off the Haile that fals upon the Head In like manner they abate the force of internall Contingencies for they affoord a passage to Vapours elevated from the inferior parts and ascending to the top of the Head granting a free and open way unto them And since the Braine is severed so farr from the Fountaine of heat and confining so neer the Bones and under them fenced with no fat these Haires protect and warme it They therefore that cut them wholly away doe not only bring a deformitie upon Nature but affoord an occasion to defluxions Wee must avert then from Nature these calumnies of
forth the differences and severall sorts of Hermophradites in these words Differentiae quatuor Leonide Auctore existunt tres quidem in viris una in mulieribus In viris siquidem alias juxta regionem inter scrotum anum alias in medio scroto forma muliebris pudendi pilis obsiti apparet Tertia verò ad haec accedit in qua nonnulli veluti ex pudendo quod in scroto est urinam profundunt In mulieribus supra pudendum juxta pubem virile genitale frequenter reperitur quibusdam Corporibus extantibus uno tanquam Cole duobus autem veluti testiculis Sic mero Isaac Israelita Solomonis Arabiae regis filius adoptivus Hoc licet tempore sit naturale in viro tamen turpius In viro muliere fit quatuor modis tribus in viro uno in foemina Viris fit in pectine in testiculis velut vulna vera mulieris pilosa ut in foeminis Tertius modus est gravior quia per virgam vulvam mingunt Mulieribus vulva sit in pectine sub vulva post veretrum maximi testiculi Ei licet in his utriusque sexus genitalia sint eorum unum tamen altero sit luxuriosius potentius etsi sunt alii Hermophroditi qui in utroque sexu omnino impotentes sint Those who are curious to know more of this ugly representation may find satisfaction in the Chapter of Differences of Hermophradites written by the same Author And what Cure this vile deformity admits The causes of Hermophiadites the same Author affords in this place There is a Booke written in French called the Hermophradite Vide licet lib. 1. Hermoph cap. 38. which doth notably set forth the effeminacy and prodigious tendernesse of this Nation But let us a little examine the Causes of their Generation De medicin Com. 1. Dial. 5. Andernacus to Mathetis enquiring why Nature in Humane Bodies doth so mock and laugh man to scorne Answers saies he knows no other cause besides the influx of the stars intempestive copulation and evill diet since at this day there is such corruption of life and manners and so great Lust that it is no wonder if men altogether degenerate into Beasts And although Naturall Philosophers and Physicians partly impute this conjunction of Sexes to the material and efficient Cause and partly to the Cells of the Wombe Yet those causes sound to me most probable which are alleaged à Decubitu and the time of Conception Sunt enim qui velint horum generationem causari à decubituminùs convenienti vel in congressu vel post congressum In congressu quidem monente Lemnino indecenti non nunquam ait vitiosus hic infamisque conceptus ex indecoro concubitu conflatur cùm praeter usum ac comoditatem exercendae veneris virsupinus mulier prona decumbit magno plerunque valetudinis dispendio ut qui ex inverso illo decubitu herniosi efficiuntur praesertim cum distento oppletoque cibis corpore inusitata hac inconcessáve venere utuntur A decubitu supino post congressum sic enim Dominicus Terellius in muliere posteaquam virile semen receperit in utero positura corporis observanda Semper vitanda est quae modo supino fit The reasons are here alleadged Androgyni In Bauhin li. 1. cap. 30. Hormoph Pierius Fenestella Annal. Tertul. advers Valent. c. 33. which appeares by your Lunensian women who taking no care to this supine positure after conception bring forth more Hermophradites many Authors taking notice of store of Hermophradites among the Lunensians By which discourse you may see what a hand the lust and folly of a man hath in this Hemophraditicall Transformation or Androginall mixture Those who in old time were called by the name of Androgyni were reputed then for prodigious wonders Howbeit as Pliny notes Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 7. cap. 3. Aul. Gel. l 9. c. 4 Isidor lib. 11. cap. 3. Jul. Obseq lib. prodig in his time men tooke delight and pleasure in them M. Messala C. Livius Consuls in Umbria there was a Semi-man almost twelve yeares old by the command of the Aruspices slaine L. Meteblus and Q. Fabius Maximus Consuls there was an Hermophradite borne at Luna Idem by command of the Southsayers cast into the sea P. Africanus C. Fulvius Consuls Idem in the Country of Ferretinnum there was an Hermophradite borne and carried unto the River Gn. Domitius Cajus Fannius Consuls Idem in Foro Vessonum another borne and cast into the Sea L. Aurelius and L. Caecili'us Consuls Idem about Rome there was another Hermophradite some eight yeares old found and carried unto the sea L. Caecilius L. Aurelius Consuls Idem there was another about ten yeares old found at Saturnia and drowned in the Sea Q. Metellus Tullius Didius Consuls Idem another was carried from Rome and drowned in the Sea A course taken to prevent Courses Cn. Cornelius Lentulus P. Licinius Consuls there was an Androgynus found Idem and carried to the Sea Beyond the Nasamones and their neighbours confining upon them the Matchlies there be found ordinarily Hermophradites called Androgyni of a double nature and resembling both Sexes Male and Female who have carnall knowledge one of another interchangeably by turnes as Caliphanes doth report Cited by Pliny Nat. Hist lib. 7. Aristotle saith moreover that on the right side of their breast they have a little teat or nipple like a man but on the left side they have a full pap or dug like a woman Montuus de Med. Thoresi lib. 1. cap. 6. I knew saith Montuus an Hermophradite who was accounted for a woman and was married to a man to whom she bore some sons and daughters notwithstanding he was wont to lye with his maids and get them with child This is remarkable Anno 1461. in a certaine City of Scotland there was an Hermophrodite maid got her Masters Daughter with child who lay in the same bed with her Veinrichius Com. de Monstris pag. 7. facie aversa being accused of the Fact before the Judges she dyed being put into the ground alive The Tovopinambaultian women of Brasill in in America Purch Pilgr 4. lib. 7. never have their Flowers not liking that purgation it is thought they divert that flux by some meanes unknown to us for the Maids of twelve yeares old have their sides cut by their mothers from the armehole down unto the knee with the very sharpe tuske of a certaine beast the young Girles gnashing with their Teeth through the extremity of the paine some conjecture they prevent their monthly flux by this remedy Women affecting streightnesse Concerning the nature of the Menstruall bloud there hath been and yet is hard hold and many opinions among Physicians All agree that this bloud is an excrement for like a superfluity it is every month driven forth the Wombe but many would have it an unprofitable
their just and naturall constitution make a Head long short broad accuminate or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 36 That all figures of the Head are not equally naturall as Columbus supposeth 38 That that figure of the Head is naturall which is for the most part which also is commodious to the actions of Nature such being that which constitutes the naturall figure ibid. What naturall benefits they enjoy who have this figure with a decent magnitude ibid. Why this laterally compressed spheare should be the most proper and naturall figure of the head and the finall causes thereof enquired 39 40 41 The Nurses in those nations commended who have been tender in this point of offering violence to nature leaving her free to her own course not using any thing to hinder the naturall growth of the Head 41 A private example of the benefit received by a renunciation of all artificiall contrivance formerly practised on the Head upon imaginary conceits of beauty and generosity 42 A strange History of an artificiall Hydrocephalos 30 31 Horned Nations 28 29 By what art some of them come to have hornes on their Heads 30 Children born with hornes on their Head and men and women cornuted by a disease 28. 29 Bicipites or men with two Heads 31 32 33 The birth of such monsters ever held prodigious 34 The reason of such strange productions ibid. Acephali or headlesse Nations 20 21 22 23 The doubt of their originall resolved and that they are of Adams progeny 24 25 The finall cause of these prodigious apparitions 25 Why such monsters concurre not to the perfection of the universe ibid. A reason given of this monstrous alienation from the humane forme 26 Infants born without Heads ibid. That reason may perswade us that it is not impossible that the instruments of Nature may perform their office although the head be not advanced above the shoulders 26 27 The artifice which is supposed they use to reduce their Heads below their shoulders 27 That the donation of Nature in the use of the Necke is lost by this artifice 27 28 Nations who use art to alter the substance and temper of their Heads 42 Block Heads and Logger Heads where in request ibid. By what severall artifices they purchase this property of a hard head 43 That by the concurrent temper of the Climate and this artifice their sutures doe grow together and are obliterated their skuls growing solid ibid. Soft-heads where a tearme of reproach 42 That it is inconvenient to keep the Head to warm 44 Where the women have the suture Coronalis loose and how they defend it from the injury of the aire The mistake of Celsus affirming these hard-Headed Gallants heads to become hereby more firme and safe from pain moderately expounded by Fallopius 44 45 46 That although they gain a defence against outward injuries more then the ordinary provision of Nature doth afford yet that they thereby become more obnoxions to internall to wit dâ—seases arising from the retention of fuliginous vapours 44 That their thick skuls may render them more indocile and oblivions ib. The justice and wisdome of Nature about Sutures suffering in the opinion of Celsus experimentally vindicated by Columbus 45 46 Haire NAtions esteeming the Hair upon the Head a very great reproach therefore affecting baldnesse 47 48 Where women shave their Heads and not men and are accounted fairest when their heads are shaven 48 49 The Haire maintained an ornament of the Head against those who would have it an abject excrement which Nature never intended for an ornament 49 50 The Haire no extrement and why ibid. The naturall uses of the haire set out 50 51 That they who cut them wholly away doe not onely bring a deformity upon Nature but afford an occasion of defluxions 50 All the waies of decalvation practised by the ancients to the prejudice of Nature condemned 51 Cosmetiques commended as laudable which preserve Haire for the use and intention of Nature ibid. That shaving the Head is a disgrace put upon Nature ibid. That an indeleable character of infamy cleaves to his name who first suffered the Haire of his Head to be shaved ibid. That his wit was misimployed who tooke upon him to commend baldnesse ibid. Nations who shave the foreparts of their Head 53 54 Nations that shave the hinder part of their Head onely ibid. Long dangling Earelocks worne before where a renewed fashion and a pestilent custome 54 Nations who weare their haire long on the right side of their Head and shave the left side ibid. That these men deprive themselves in a manner of halfe the benefit intended them by Nature 55 The vindication of Nature from this affront 57 58 Where the women use to cut their haire and the men weare it long 56 That the Haire was given women for a covering 57 That Haire hanging down by the Cheeks of women of it 's owne Nature is not contrary to the Law of Nature or unlawfull 58 For a woman to be shorne is against the intention of Nature ibid. For men to nourish long haire is quite contrary to the intention of Nature 58 59 60 That such long haire would hinder the actions of common life 60 Tonsure necessary 59 The regulation of the haire of man according to the rules of decorum ibid. 60 What long Haire it is that is repugnant to Nature against her law and above and besides the naturall use 60 The decency of haire stated 62 63 Nations extreamely affecting black Haire 63 64 By what art they make it come so ibid. The practise of blacking gray Haires ridiculous 63 Nations which of old did and at this day doe affect yellow Haire 65 68 By what meanes they introduced this colour ibid. How they were and are punished for this their lasciviousnesse 65 66 67 Tincture of Haire both in men and women a shamefull thing and dishonourable to Nature 66 67 68 69 How the indulgence and licence granted unto women in matters of ornamentall dresses of Haire is to be moderated 69 Painting of Haire an ancient custome with the Indians 68 Inconveniences supposed to happen to women by the affected beauty of the Haire 69 Nations that anoint their Haire 70 The like vanity observed in our gallants ibid. The effeminate powdering of Haire exploded 70 71 Frizling and curling and plating the Hair with hot Irons an old vanity 71 72 Periwigs an ancient vanity 72 73 Hands LIttle Hands where in fashion and accounted a great beauty in women 287 What art they use to have them so ibid. What women are noted to have the least Hands of any women in the World ibid. Nations that paint their Hands red 288 Where they make their Hands of a golden tincture ibid. Hands painted with a tawney colour ibid. Hands painted with flowers and Birds ibid. Monsters borne with 4 Hands 301 Monsters born with three Hands ibid. Nations with two Hands on the right side ibid. Nations with six Hands ibid. Monsters borne with one Hand ibid.
376 Where women are Circumcised 380 The originall and reason of this invention 381 Where women excise themselves not from a notion of religion but as an ornament ibid. The error sin of this custome 380 How this Circumcision of a woman is done ibid. 381 Men with Members like Asses and where they have a great privy member in great esteem 389 399 Supposed to be nourished by art ibid. The just length and magnitude of the virile member when it is conform'd according to the law of Nature 400 Midwives supposed to be the cause either of the length or shortnes of the virile member according as they knit the navell string 400 401 The Anatomicall reason given thereof with the opinion of Spigelius 400 That whatsoever augmentation of parts is gained by Art besides the will and ordinary allowance of Nature it is commonly attended by some inconveniences 401 The reason of the inconvenience which follow the magnitude and the foule immoderate longitude of the Organ of generation 402 403 Where they use to binde up the Fore-skin of their Privities with a little cord and unty it not but to make water or when they use the act of Generation 381 An expostulation of this unnaturall restraint 382 Men whose Members hang down to their shanks 403 Pygmaei magno veretro 404 Where they adorne their Genitals with pretious stones 383 Where they deprive their secret parts of that which nature intended to make them more secret 383 How this is done and upon what pretence 383 384 Where women never have their flowers 390 By what meanes they prevent their monthly Flux ibid. Their ingratitude to Nature taxed for endeavouring to divert the ordinary course of Nature 391 Nations commended as more respective to nature in this particular 391 Where the women have a most streight and narrow neck of their wombe that they very hardly admit a Man 392 That this happens to them by art not by any benefit of Nature ibid. Where this art is familiarly and commonly practâ—sed 392 393 The miserable and dangerous effects of this artifice 393 Where the virgins use art to distend their Maliebria most capaciously 393 Where they to use sew up the private passage of Nature in their Female child leaving a small passage for their urine 394 â—9 Where the Midwives are wont to breake that membrane as unprofitable which Anatomists call Hymen 384 How they doe it ibid. The prodigious conceit of Nero who must needs have a boy cut and made forsooth a woman 407 The naturall change of women into men confuted by demonstration of Anatomy and Nature vindicated from being guilty of any such practicall Metamorphosis 405 That men to be changed into women is very rare 407 Nations of Hermophrodites who have the generative parts of both sexes 386 390 Hereticks that thought the first man was an Hermaphrodite 386 Their opinion confuted by Scripture ibid. and 387 The kindes of Hermophrodites ibid. That those who in old time were called by the name of Androgyni were reputed for prodigious Monsters 389 Ancient Records of such Hermophrodites ibid. The causes of Hermophrodites 390 S Shoulders HIgh-huff Shoulders where in fashion and naturall 280 Where their shoulders are higher then their Heads ibid. Some concurrent affectation suspected in these Nations ibid. Broad shoulders where in request and indeavoured or imitated by art 281 The inconveniences of broad shoulders and why Platonick Men are not affected by women ibid. Narrow and contracted shoulders where affected 282 With what art they of old affected this composure of the Shoulders ibid. This affectation of drawing the shoulder-points too neer noted and condemned ibid. Where the Noble Virgins Right Shoulders are higher and bigger then the left 283 The cause thereof enquired ibid. Crook-back'd Nations 284 T Teeth WHere red Teeth are accounted a great beauty 217 By what industry they attain unto this Dentall bravery ibid. Where the principall women take a pride in black Teeth 217 218 Black Teeth where a singular beauty 218 219 Where so greatly affected that the blacker they are the more beautifull they are esteemed and worthy of greater honour ibid. How they make them black ibid. Where they polish their black teeth which makes them shew like polish'd Ebony 219 Where they colour their Teeth red and black 217 How they colour them so ibid. Where the men and women in a foolish pride black their Teeth because Dogs Teeth forsooth 〈◊〉 white 219 Where the women guild their Teeth 221 White Teeth the true naturall beauty ibid. They condemned that alter the native candor of the Teeth ibid. Nations commended that are carefull to preserve the naturall beauty of the Teeth ibid. Their artifice whereby they make them look like polished Ivory ibid. Dentifrices commended which preserve the native whitenesse and integrity of the Teeth 222 Where they file their Teeth as sharp as needles ibid. Where they file their Teeth above and below as sharp as needles ibid. This custome condemned as contrary to the law of Nature 222 223 Pretended ends for filing of Teeth 213 An example thereof ibid. Where the women pull out foure of their Teeth two above and two below for a bravery And they that have not these Teeth out are loathsome to them 224 Where they pull out five or six Teeth for a fashionable Elegancy ibid. Where they have a custome to pull out all their Teeth 224 Where there are few to be found that have their native Teeth but they are pulled out and filed downe and artificiall ones set in their place 239 Their ingratitude to Nature noted ibid. The Teeth intended by nature to serve for an ornament and beauty to the mouth 225 The blemish and dammage these Nations sustaine by this foolish fashion ibid. What benefits of Nature they renounce for the mischiefe of so ridiculous a fashion ibid. That wantonly to pull out the Teeth is a transgression against the law of Nature 226 That what these have for a fashion some have decreed for a punishment 228 Where the men and women cover their Teeth with thin plates of gold 231 Who first invented the drawing out of aking Teeth 229 Where the Parents make a feast when their childrens Teeth begin to grow 230 A story of a sound tooth drawn out of anothers mouth inserted in the roome of a rotten tooth drawn out and taking root ibid. An example of one who having a tooth longer then the rest cut to cure the deformity fell into convulsion fits with the reasons of it ibid. Tongue VVHere they have cloven Tongues double from the root thought to be done by art as we slit the tongues of those birds wee would teach to speak 232 Hofmans appprobation of the story and linguall advantages they have who have really a double tongue 233 The strange advantages of this peculiar Art 234 That this art granted it is an audacious improvemeÌ„t of the tongue 234 An Infant born with a double Tongue 233 One with 11 tongues 11 mouths and 22 incompleate lips 234 The tongue of maÌ„ naturally double Anatomically approved by Gallen 233 The erronious perswasion of Midwives that the bridle of the tongue needs cutting in all Infants condemned 235 The ill consequences of this pernicious custome as they are noted by many learned Physitians 235 236 237 Camerarius his opinion how this never enough condemned custome might be introduced into the Midwives practise 236 The exact Symetry of the tongue and the providence of Nature in this particular cleered 237 What this ligament of the tongue is and its use 236 When is the true time of dissection of we suspect some defect 238 A cave at in that operation ibid. FINIS Workes of the Author already published CHIROLOGIA Or The Naturall Language of the Hand CHIRONOMIA Or The Art of Manuall Rhetorick PHILOCOPHUS Or The Deafe and Dumbe mans Friend PATHOMYOTOMIA Or A Dissection of the Muscles of the Affections of the Mind ANTHROPOMETAMORPHOSIS Man transform'd or the Artificiall Changling this now published Workes accomplished by the Authour which he may be induced hereafter to communicate CHIRETHNICALOGIA Or The Nationall expressions of the Hand CEPHALELOGIA Or The Naturall Language of the Head being an Extract of the most noble and Practicall Notions of Physiognomy CEPHALENOMIA Or The Art of Cephalicall Rhetorick VOX CORPORIS Or The Morall Anatomy of the Body The Academy of the Deafe and Dumbe Being the manner of Operation to bring those who are so borne to heare the sound of Words with their Eyes and thence to learn to speake with their Tongues VULTISPEX CRITICUS Seu Phisiognomia Medici GLOSSIATRUS Tractatus de removendis Loquelae impedimentis OTIATRUS Tractatus de removendis Auditionis impedimentis Hactenus Sacro Genii impulsui in intellectualem nostram complexionem operantis obsecundans dum in nova ferebat Animus Opera exegi non supererrogationis sed Augmentis scientiarum supplementalia In quibus de Republica literaria aliquid meruisse videor Faciendi librorum nullus multorum est finis eorundemque lectio defatigationi est carni Deinceps de propria aliena salute consultanda totus incumbam Caetera cateri Humanae Naturae Amasii FINIS
Humane Fabrique The INTRODVCTION GAlen to convince the errour of Epicurus said he would give him an hundred yeares to alter or change the scituation figure or Composition of any one part of the humane Fabrick and he did not doubt but it would come to passe in the end that he would be forced to confesse that the same could by no meanes have beene made after any other or more perfect manner Dr. Crook in his Microcosmographia A modern Anatomist speakes a little more boldly affirming that if all the Angels should have spent a thousand years in the framing and making of man they could not have cast him into so curious a mould or made him like to that he is much lesse could they have set him forth in any better manner For God hath wonderfully and most artificially framed the body of man The excellency wherof is such that the Anthropomorphites held that God had such a Body and that ours was but the Copie of his because they knew God to be most excellent they attributed to him such a Body And the Philosophers were so ravished with the consideration of it that Zoroaster cries out as if Nature had undertaken a bold piece of worke when she made man and Euripides saith that man is a most beautifull Creature framed by a most wise Artisan The Spirit of God speaks admirably of the Body of man in Scripture David Psal 39 ver 15. for David saith that his Body was curiously wrought in his Mothers womb as a piece of Embroidery or Needle-work as the Hebrew word rukkanthi signifies Genebrard renders the word in the Psalme variè contextus sum diversificatus Pelicanus artificiose concinnatus sum that is with singular variety and most artificially fashioned Yet the blind impiety of some hath led them to such a height of presumption as to finde fault with many parts of this curious Fabricke and to question the wisdome of God in the contrivance thereof upon such Blasphemous fancies men have taken upon them an audacious Art to forme and new shape themselves altering the humane Figure and moulding it according to their own will and arbitrement varying it after a wonderfull manner almost every Nation having a perticular whimzy as touching corporall fashions of their own invention In which kind of mutations they do schematize or change the organicall parts of their bodies into diverse depraved Figures Cardan speaking of such outlandish fashion-mongers Cardan de rerum varietate lib. 8. cap. 13. saith it appears that the humane forme hath bin varyed many waies both by Art and Diurnall succession but whatsoever is done against the decree of Nature is noxious and inconvenient for the body yet they who practise this Art conceive that they become thereby more healthfull strong and gallant But the Midwife ought to reduce to the naturall state and not to draw and force the bodies of Infants into fantastick shapes Sennertus therefore where he writes of the diseases of Conformation and those of Figure Sennertus de morbis Conformationis Figurae among other Causes of the ill figures of the body reckons this that those faults which are contracted in the wombe or in the birth are not rightly amended by Midwives and Nurses as they ought And in his Prognosticks there he saith that the default in figure which is induced through evill Conformation or the difficultie of birth or the unskilfulnesse of Midwives if it be recent and not long after the birth may be a little corrected while the bones are yet soft and flexible although in Adults Jacobus Fontanus in Pathologia lib. 3. cap. 14. when the bones are now hardened it is incurable Fontanus where he speaks of the causes of diseases of Conformation reckons the Man or Woman Midwives who draw out the Children with their hands the involutions of the Infant in swathing Bands after the birth or while it is handled with the hands or from immoderate motion while little Children are suffered before a fit time to goe or stand or are exposed to more vehement motions and as Pansa adviseth Pansa in practic part de orrroganda vita every part of the new-borne Infants body is to be formed and those parts that ought to be concave must be pressed in those which should be slender constrained and repressed and those which are naturally prominent rightly drawn out the head also is diligently to be made round and as Sennertus gives the indication and cure if in any part it be emminent above the naturall figure there it is to be depressed which can be done no other way but by working it with the hands to wit that the Midwife or Nurse by often gently handling the head and involving it with headbands abolish that figure which is preternaturall introduce into the head the true shape desired Afterwards as Pansa saith all the body is to be extended remitted and every part to be put in mind of its office And these crimes both of commission omission committed by Midwives and Nurses so frequently in these times against the tender bodies of Infants appear more notorious if we reflect upon the carefull practise of ancient times in this matter of high concernment for it should appeare by a passage of Plato Plato in Alcibiade that the Nutritii of old whilest the bodies of Infants were tender did conform them most to the advantage of Nature which is the office of Cosmeticall Physick not as some falsly suppose only to provide fucus's to disguise the naturall and that way only to palliate the defects of Nature Cosmetique is the exornatorie part of Physick whose Office is that whatsoever is according to Nature that it is to preserve in the Body and so consequently to cherish and maintaine the native Beautie thereof But Commotiques that is the Fucatorie Galen tooke away from the parts of Physick because too curiously affected it exists about false and lying appearances and which endeavours in vaine to introduce and adulterate an ascititious Beauty which in adorning and setting forth the Body differs nothing from the ostentation of Stage-plaies and is no lesse indecent then fiction in manners which damnable portion of Cosmetique Art doth flourish in the opinions and monstrous practises of men and women whereas that of the more Noble part is wanting and grown quite out of use whether by the overflowing luxury of these times or the ignorance of Physitians Mecrurialis in Lib. De Decoratione seu de Arte Cosmetica t is not for me saith Mercurialis to judg Insomuch as considering these injurious neglects and the tampering that hath been used among all Nations to alter the mould of their Bodies wee may say as Plato in effect affirms that onely the first men which the world possessed were made by God but the rest were made and born answerable to the discourse of Mans invention The just contemplation of which vanity made that sound more strangly in my eares that in
Monstrous Births Men Borne with two Heads But wee must know above all things that these apparitions that be contrarie to Nature happen not without the providence of Almighty God but for the punishing and admonishing of Men these things by his just judgment are often permitted not but that Man hath a great hand in these monstrosities for inordinate Lust is drawn in as a Cause of these Events whereby the seed of Man is made weak and unperfect whence the productions thereof must necessarily prove weake and imperfect for from a precedent defect in the seed it is a conseqence that the issue must be defective and on the contrarie if the seed be superfluous out of a superfluous a superfluous is begot as any one may easily collect Amongst the rest Sennertus speaking of the vitious Figures of the Head thinks that all Heads which recede from the Naturall Figure are by Galen generally called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so they are not onely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which have capita fastigiata copt-crown'd or acuminate Heads but also those in whom either the fore or hinder or both the emminencies are wanting or jet out more then is meet so that Heads onely backward Phoxi or forward or upward may appeare sharp towards the top For either the Synciput or anterior part of the skull is more emminent then it should be the hinder part of the Head on the other side as it were vanishing away and not extuberant or else the hinder part of the Head is prominent and neither the Anterior nor Posterior eminency protuberates and if it be not depressed on the sides it exhibits as it were a perfect Spheare and if it be depressed in the Temples the Head may run out in the top or crown and be acuminate Hofman saith Hofman Inst med lib. 3. that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks are those who want the fore and hinder eminency of the Head called in Dutch Spitzkoepf the same also are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he knows not how to call them in Latine yet he will describe them Qui acuminato sunt capite And therefore though Fallopius will have all those who have a preternaturall Figure of the Head to be called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen and that therefore it ought not to be rendered acutum or acuminatum but depravatum that it might be rightly opposed unto the Naturall Yet Hofmannus is for the first version Hofman comment de usu part for since 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the confession of Fallopius himself is opposed to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the word which Galen useth to expresse the very Naturall Figure of the Head who sees not saith he that the Head ceaseth to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 oblongum and thereby to be made acute or acuminate when either or both the Eminencies perish and if Galen extend the word more largely to those who have the Eminencies protuberating beyond the Naturall proportion that ought not to evert the proper signification received of all Authors The Heads true Figure therefore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is properly he who hath an acuminate Head such a one as he thinks the Latines call Chilonem Bauhin Anat lib. 3. and which Bauhinus accounts for a fifth Figure of the Head contrived by Art But it appears plainly that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to wit sphera oblonga not prolonga as some interpret it which Galen seems to point to as it were with the Finger where he cals it spheram quasi compressam which you must conceive about the Eares and the Temples is the onely Naturall Figure of the Head which when Columbus denies affirming all Figures of the Head to be equally Naturall he doth nothing for this is Naturall which is for the most part which also is most commodious to the Actions of Nature But such is the Figure which Galen out of Hippocrates sayes does constitute the Naturall Figure a spheare not every where equall but such a one as hath cavities and Eminencies For the best Figure of the Head which is Naturall is assimilated to a spheare gently compressed on each side and which is in the Temples after a manner plaine but in the fore-part and hinder part is more prominent then in a Spheare yet it more protuterates in this then that in the Crown it observes the convexity of a Spheare they therefore who chance to have such a Head with a decent magnitude they enjoy a vigorous alacritie of senses and are endowed with a good strength of Body But why this laterall compression should be the most proper and Naturall Figure of the Head that the fore-part and hinder parts thereby are made more gibbous and the finall cause thereof ought to be enquired Avicens opinion is Avicen that although the skull be round yet it is oblong made in length because the originall of the Nerves are disposed from the Brain in longitude and therefore it was fit they should not be streightned and it hath two Eminencies one before and another behinde that the Nerves might descend which descend to the front and the Nucha Zonardus well notes that the Head hath such a Globous roundnesse Zonardus which on both sides is somwhat plaine in the Anterior part it is somewhat acute and elevated and that to retaine the Ventricle of the Braine in the fore-deck of the Head out of which the Nerves which cause the five Senses proceed and after the same manner it is a little elevated in the hinder part for the reception of the Ventricle in the sterne or hinder deck from whence the spondible Marrow and the Nerves which procure voluntary motion arise Hugo Senensis saith Hugo Senensis this manner of compression was contrived for the better distinguishing of the places from whence it was opportune the Nerves should arise which would not have been well distinguished if the Head had been exactly round Secondly because the former and hinder Ventricle ought to have a greater cavity then the middle and because the middle Ventricle ought to be a way from one to the rest therefore it was necessary that the Anterior and Posterior parts should have an Eminency Archangelus Picholomenus thinks Pichol praeloct Anat. lib. 5. the Braine is lightly depressed on each side and a little exporrected in length for the foremost Ventricles sake made hollow in it which appeares to be oblong to whose hinder part the third Ventricle adheares and to the third the fourth wherefore a Brain not perfectly Globous but gently compressed on each side and lightly protended in length was convenient for the Ventricles Antonius Ulmus defin Barbae Hum. s 2. Antonius Vlmus to these true opinions of the Ancients hath thought of another end of this Figure of the Head which is confirmed by the testimony of sence who is of opinion that the Head was laterally compressed for the Eies-sake to wit the better to
promote the action of the Eie whose action is then better when it exists more free Now the Head compressed the Eie is enlarged to the seeing of things backward to the right and left hand and although not simply to the universall space of a circular vision yet at least to some portion of the same Men may know the truth of this if they first try it in the Cephalicall compression standing with a stiff Neck and turning one Eie to the outward Angle let them endeavour untill they perceive where the visory Rayes doe come in which experiment they had need have the place marked with some note Afterwards remaining fixt in the same place and standing just as in the same experiment he would have them by some device to have their Heads rotunded or rounded that they may obtain a perfect sphericity then let them turne the same Eie to the outward Angle and try to finde whereabout or how farr the Visory Rayes reach the place formerly seen and marking it with some note that done let them consult with Sence what portion of the place is hid from the very Eye by rotunditie of the Head for Sence will apparently teach that in this Cephalicall compression to the sides the Eyes more freely expatiate to the back parts the gaining of which advantage he thinks to be the cause of such compression Having thus presented the artificiall contrivances of Mans Invention practised on the Head upon imaginary conceits of Beauty and generosity and discovered the inconveniences of such foolish and phantasticall devices how derogatorie they are to the honour and Majestie of Nature and prejudiciall to her operations and having set down the Canon of Nature for the true and proper Figure of the Head with the uses and finall cause of such a shape which is the only true and naturall forme of the Head and having condemned them of the crime Laesa Majestatis who have forced Art the usuall Imitator of Nature to turne Praevaricator in humanity wee cannot but commend those Nations who have been tender in this point of offering violence to Nature namely the Lacedemonians whose Nurses had a certain manner of bringing up their Children without having any Crosse-cloaths Plutarch in the life of Lycurgus or any thing to left the Naturall growth of the Head but left nature free to her own course which made their Heads better shap'd The like modest acquiescence in the wisdome of Nature Block-heads Logger-heads I suppose to be the reason why the Switzers Heads for the most part are so conformable to the Canon and intention of Nature I knew a Gentleman had divers sonns and the Midwives and Nurses had with head-bands and strokings so altered the Naturall mould of their Heads that they proved Children of a very weak understanding his last Sonn only upon advice given him had no restraint imposed upon the Naturall growth of his Head but was left free from the coercive power of head-bands and other Artificiall violence whose Head although it were bigger yet he had more Wit and understanding then them all Hitherto of those Nations who have tampered with the Figure of their Heads and have laboured to introduce a change and alteration in the most Noble part of the Humane Fabrick There be other Nations fit to be brought on this Stage who use Art to alter the substance and temper of their Heads For Blockheads and Loggerheads are in request in Brasil Purchas pilgr. 4. lib. 1. and Helmets are of little use every one having an Artificialized Naturall Morian of his Head for the Brasilians Heads some of them are as hard as the wood that growes in their Country for they cannot be broken and they have them so hard that ours in comparison of theirs are like a Pompion and when they will injure any white Man they call him soft Head so that hard-head and blockhead termes of reproach with us attributed to them would be taken for termes of Honour and Gentleman-like qualifications This property they purchased by Art with going bare headed which is a certaine way to attaine unto the quality of a Brasilian Chevalier and to harden the tender Head of any Priscian beyond the feare of breaking or needing the impertinent plaister of predantick Mountebanks The Indians of Hispaniola De Bryin Hist occid Ind. Cardan lib. 5. de subtil the skuls of their Heads are so hard and thick that the Spaniards agreed that the Head of an Indian although bare was not to be struck for feare of breaking their Swords which I suppose to happen through the same Artifice The Aegyptians also are hard Heads for their Heads are so hard that a Stone can hardly break the skin which they attaine unto by having their haire shaved from their childhood so that the futures of their skuls grow firme and hard with the heat Hence wee read that in the Battailes that passed between the Aegyptians and Persians Herodotus and divers others tooke speciall notice that of such as lay slaine on the ground the Aegyptians skuls were without comparison much harder then the Persians by reason these goe covered with Coyfes and Turbants and those from their Infancy ever shaved and bare-headed King Massinissa the Emperour Severus Caesar and Hanniball in all weathers were wont to goe bare-headed and Plato for the better health and preservation of the Body doth earnestly perswade that no Man should ever give the Head other cover then Nature had allotted it And Varro is of opinion that when we were appointed to stand bare-head before the gods or in the presence of the Magistrates it was rather done for our health and to inure and harden us against the injuries of the weather then in respect of reverence And I suppose wee in this Kingdome incurr some inconveniences by keeping our Heads so warme as generally we doe neither I believe doe the Brasilians or Aegyptians escape the affliction of Head-aches for by this their Artifice the sutures grow together and be obliterated in them as they are found to be many times in those who have suffered incurable Head-aches strangling Cathars Apoplexes and other Maladies for no other cause then that their sutures began to close and their skuls to grow solid the skull growing dry many times in young Men even as it is wont to doe by reason of Age. A thing usuall in hot Countries as Celsus notes and Paraeus affirmes that the Ethiopians and Moores and those that inhabit the hot Regions about the Meridian and Equinoctiall have their skuls harder and parted with none or few sutures by which temper of their climates and their concurring Artifice they obtaine indeed a notable defence against outward injuries more then the ordinary provision of Nature doth affoord but thereby they become more obnoxious to internall injuries to wit to those diseases which arise from the retention of fuliginous vapours and their thick skuls may render them more indocile and oblivious as the Indians of Hispancola are
themselves and have painted their Faces and have put on their faire Ornaments The Queen Jesabel doing the same 2 Kin. 9.30 was for all that cast down out of a window Some Fucus allowable and bare the punishment of her wicked life Yet we cannot say that it is absolutely unlawfull to use any Fucus especially when any foule blemish doth disgrace the forme of modest Virgins or Matrons and we know Physitians are sometimes constrained to satisfie the desires of honourable Ladies and great Persons whom as Galen saith we may not deny And indeed somewhat is to be allowed to women who are studious of their beauty and desire a nitor and certainâ— splendour of Countenance and therefore either to repaire the injuries of aire or any other losse and dammage that hath happened to the Face or what is wanting to the emendation of the Elegancy of the Epidermis or skin of the Visage is no trespasse against Piety but may be honestly endeavoured by a Physitian since this induceth no Fucus but restores the naturall nitor of the Body upon whatsoever cause it is lost and therefore it is granted to women especially who since they were somewhat inferiour to men in prudence strength of Body and fortitude and other things instead thereof as Anacreon interpreted sings Natura donat illis Decoram habere formam Pro parmulisque cunctis Pro Lanceisque cunctis Nam flamma cedit illis Ferrumque si qua pulchra est And since Plato in Phaedro cals Beauty the most illustrious and amiable of all things and that a faire Face is illustrious with a kind of Divine Forme it is worthy of preservation and a faire restitution Women out in their Cosmetiques And indeed it belongeth to the corrective part of Medicine to reduce a superficies that is preternaturall for an inequality in the superficies belongs to Decoration as when any spot is in the Face from the Nativity it belongs to the Corrector to make this superficies beautifull and to correct it as women who have native spots in their face Mont. mediâ— par 2. which the Moderns call Stercus Daemonum which proceed from a thin and adurent bloud therefore it is the Office of the Corrector to correct those spots in them that have contracted them But the practice of woman in this case is not laudable nor agreeable to the corrective Art of Medicine for your women in your Cosmetique usurpations use only those things which constipate refrigerate repercuss to remove them from the Superficies to the Center whereas they should also use those things which are abstersive and mundifying But because things abstersive and mundifying introduce a scurfe women will not endure this way of Reduction to the naturall state of perfection But as the needlesse assumption and affectation of such Artifice is absurd and no way pleasing to Nature so too much curiosity in such matters is naught and reprovable And to take in what a grave and learned Divine hath Dr Donne Serm. 20. in concurring with the purpose of God in dignifying the Body we may exceed and go beyond Gods purpose God would not have the Face mangled and torne but then he would not have it varnished with forreine Complexions it is ill when it is not our own bloud that appeares in our Cheeks it may do some ill offices of bloud it may tempt but it gives over when it should do a good office of bloud it cannot blush God would not have us disfigure our Face with sad Countenances in fasting and other Disciplines Painting when sinfull nor would have us go about to marre his worke or to do his last work which he hath reserved to himselfe in Heaven here upon earth that is to glorifie our Bodies with such Additions here as though we would need no Glorification there But concerning this kind of transgression against the honesty and truth of Nature or rather the sinfulnesse of it Cajetan is of an opinion that as a woman may conserve her naturall beauty without sin so she may also preserve it by Art by adhibiting the vertues of Fucusses Pigments and other paintings so it do not intend an evill end it is a fiction and vanity somewhat excusable Whereas it is concluded a mortall sin for any to sell such disguising trash to those they know will abuse it for an evill end And in this regard some Divines will not allow so much as palliation of any deformity in the Face which hath proceeded from licentiousnesse and intemperance or that they should be disguised by unnaturall helps to the drawing in of others and the continuation of their former sins The sin it selfe was the Divels act in thee but in the Deformity that follows upon the sin God hath a hand and they that suppresse and smother these by paintings and unnaturall helps to unlawfull ends do not deliver themselves of the plague but they do hide the markes and infect others and wrastle against Gods notifications of their former sins The invention of which Act of Palliation of an ascititious deformity against Gods indigitation of sin is imagined one reason of the invention of black Patches wherein the French shewed their witty pride which could so cunningly turne Botches into Beauty and make uglinesse handsome yet in point of Phantasticalnesse we may excuse that Nation Musitians Face Deformers as having taken up the fashion rather for necessity than novelty in as much as those French Pimples have need of a French Plaister But vocall Musique performed by Instruments which Nature hath invented for delight ought not to be set at naught for the same or peradventure no reason at all as it is by the Stoick morall Philosophers For the Wind-Musique doth not deforme the Visage it reformes yea conformes it and the vocall which is correspondent to the hearing altereth the proportion of the Face to conforme it to the Eye the one requires setlednesse to be well looked upon and the other receives its perfections from motion one unfolds the Beauty of the Visage the other both laies open and accompanies the sweetnesse of the voice where there is a sound Motion hath necessarily proceeded and the motion is with measure if the sound be harmonious Sometimes also it is voluntary accompanied with the Head Eyes and Mouth and with delight though without necessity if it be with proportion That motion which offends produces no harmonious sound or doth not accompany it proportionably SCENE XVI Long-necked Nations Nationall Monstrosities appearing in the Necke PEtrus Damianus Damianus libello de mirac Arch-Bishop of Ravenna and Cardinall relates that Robert King of France married a Kinswoman of his by whom he had a Son with a Gooses neck and head whereupon by a common consent of the French Bishops they were excomunicated the King compelled by these streights takes better Counsell and renouncing his incestuous Bed entred into lawfull marriage with another Beyond the streights of Magellan Pigafetta reports to
have seen men with Necks of a Cubit long the other parts of their body being proportionable thereunto In Eripia as some write or according to Lycosthenes in the extreame part of Siricana or as it pleaseth others in some of the Valleys of Tartaria there harbours a Nation of so long a Neck that it wholly resembles the neck of a Crane afterwards in the top of the Neck there is a ferine Face Long gangrell necks inconvâ—nient with the Eyes and Nostrils of a man as also with a bill adorned with Gils like a Cock Aldrovandus indeed saies it will more availe one to read than believe this Relation yet he denies not but there are halfe-men with a long Neck and a ferine Face do live in those Regions their women being not so deformed as the men and they are said to be very seldome seen This Nation is carried with great force against their Enemies and chiefly against the Tartars Aldrovandus hath exhibited the Effigies of these Gangrell-Neck'd men to be considered of by his Readers Aldrov monst Hist lib. 1. which puts me in mind of that ridiculous wish of Philoxones that grumbled at Nature for the shortnesse of his Neck who would have had the Neck of a Crane that thereby he might have taken more pleasure in his meat or as some thinke to obtaine advantage in singing or warbling and dividing the notes in Musick which Cavill of Philoxones against Nature for not having respect unto the Taste or singing in the contrivance of his Neck is absurd and in the very foundation of the fancy to be condemned D. Brown Pâ—â—udodoxia Epid. lib. 7. cap. 14. as it is ingeniously observed by the late Enquirer into vulgar errours And if he had obtained this foolish request yet the justnesse of Nature could not have suffered him to have been a gainer by the bargaine for a long gangrell neck which would have made the head look as set upon a pole would by such an elongation caused a very inconvenient distance between the braine and the heart but the Epicure surely had a more reaching conceit Nations that have no Neck knowing that they are more greedy of meat and have better stomacks who have a greater space from the mouth to the paunch They that inhabit those Alpes which divide France from Italy their throats are encreased to that bulke and largenesse that both in men and women those gutturall bottles hang down even to their Navels and they can cast them over their shoulders and this is not commonly seen in the Allobroges Carinthians Syrians and Nations living about the Alpes but it is also familiar to some places of Spaine Fabricius ab Aqua pend Fabricius saith that such Tumours are frequent among the Bergomensians where the men and women all for the most part have such great pendent bags in the fore-part of their Throats Joan. Stumpf. lib. Chr. 10. cap. 20. Among the Rucantians a people of Helvetia now called Rhaeti the Inhabitants especially about the Town Ciceres are troubled with the same gutturall deformity M. Pol. lib. 1. cap. 31. Neither doth this happen only in Europe but also in Asia for the men there have such great wallets of flesh after a wonderfull manner hanging at their throats But in Syria the women have their throats so protended that they cast it behind their back as it were a Sack or Wallet Ortel in Illyrico lest it should hinder their Infants when they suck This swelling or Throat-Dropsie The cause of swelling throats is occasioned by the drinking of crude waters of dissolved Snow as most Authors suppose which although it be a reason not to be rejected Platerus yet Platerus to this Cause addes the Seed and the Facultie Formatrix in the wombe where they are familiar to any place and that they are rather propagated from the Parents in their Children then that they happen by reason of any meat or drinke or any other peculiar cause which Sennertus thinkes doth not seldome fall out so indeed yet the first cause seemes valid because it is observed that they that come well into any such places after they have abode there a while they contract such a water between the skin and rough Artery which is called by Physitians Bronchocele and Bocium à Bocii ventricosi poculi similitudine from the similitude of a great-bellied drinking Cup. Shoulders higher than the Head SCENE XVII Humerall or Shoulder-Affectations Lycost Append Chron. prodig IN the Island Taprobana High huff-Shoulders are in Fashion and Naturall Whether these Nations are guilty or not of using Art to this purpose I shall not conclude although I halfe suspect some concurrent affectations My apprehension of this businesse I have already exprest in the History of the Acephali which appeare to be the same Nation In all the parts of Tartaria the men are broad-shouldered which being Nationall is held there in good repute And if it were not at first affected and introduced among them by Art Broad shoulders where affected yet in other Countries where it is noted to be extremely affected there hath been some endeavour used to that intent and where that hath failed they have had recourse to outward supplements Concerning the Italians Cresol vacat Autumn Cresollius hath informed us of their ridiculous affectation in this kind Behold saith he what the improvident curiosity of men hath thought on who that they might seeme Plato's that is broad-shouldred full square and somewhat strong and mighty men they bumbast their Doublets and after a childish or rather womanish manner adhibent Analectides use little Bolsters or Pillows for to seeme more fat and comly bolstring so up their prominent shoulders as little women were wont to do of old as Ovid describes the Custome Conveniunt tenues scapulis Analectides altis Angustum circa fascia pectus erat Well could these men be Masters of their wish yet it is a question whether it would please their Mistrisses For the women of other Countries and among us are not so well affected to broad shoulders for it is worth the noting what women by long use have observed to wit that men that have broad shoulders for the most part get great Children Hence the Mother-in-Law of Forestus a fruitfull woman would not match her Daughters to Platonique men by reason she feared least in their Delivery they should be endangered by reason of the greatnesse of the Child which Forestus had often seene to happen the broad shoulders dangerously sticking in the Birth Narrow shoulders affected the cause whereof Riolanus thinks to be difficult whence you may see what worke they make for the women who endeavour by Art to purchase thick and broad shoulders Franciscus Hernandus in his Manuscript makes report of certaine Nations in India who are all buncht-backt crooked and crump-shouldered Arme-gallanry SCENE XVIII Strange Inventions of certain Nations in ordering their Armes Hands and Nailes The
space can be acquired Moreover we ought not to permit them forthwith nor in the Summer time to have their armes at liberty before the space of three months and in the Winter not before foure yet the right hand must for some few daies be first taken out that thereby they may become right-handed indeed their hands are weakned and their fingers for the most part are depraved with crookednesse Also after nine months you may suffer them to put on shooes about which time they will be able to trample on the ground and to hold themselves upright and that they may do twice or thrice in a day and afterwards compell them by little and little and by degrees to go by steps so that by that labour you do not very much enforce them but gently untill they attaining more strength desire it of themselves and may without harme endure it We in England are noted to have a most perverse custome of swathing Children and streightning their Breasts Which narrownesse of Breast occasioned by hard and strict swadling them is the cause of many inconveniences and dangerous consequences For all the bones of new-borne Infants especially the Ribs of the Breast The naturall proportion of the Breasts are very tender and flexible that you may draw them to what figure you please which when they are too strictly swathed with Bands reduce the Breast to so narrow a scantling as is apt to endanger not only the health but the life of Children For hence it is that the greatest part of us are so subject to a Consumption and distillations which shorten our daies and bring us to an untimely Grave For they who have more streight and narrow Breasts are necessarily made opportune to spitting of bloud distillations and the inflamations of the parts of the Breast since the Lungs in such grow very hot for when the rest of the body retaines its proportion and due magnitude and the Breast is made narrower more bloud is collected about the Breast than it can digest or expell from it selfe whence neasting in those cavities especially of the Arterious veines or veine-Arterie degenerates into the causes of many diseases Moreover the Breast it selfe corrected is very much weakned whereupon the bloud flowing thither hotter or sticking there becoming sharpe doth easily erode the vessels neither is Nature now able to defend her selfe any longer The Breast hath an Ovall figure in its naturall magnitude it doth make eight Geometricall inches to wit that which begins at the throat-bone and is terminated in the sword-like cartilage the Back from the first Vertebra of the Breast to the end of the twelfth or reaching to the beginning of the first of the Loines obtaines a Geometricall foot and one inch So that the Breast is shorter than the Back by five Inches the sides run out from the Clavicula to the end of the Breast where the Bastard-Ribs end and have nine inches and a halfe the Perepheria of the Breast is two Geometricall foot and two Inches Swathing a cause of the Rickets If you render your breadth it is narrowed an Inch If you take it in it is dilated two Inches this is the naturall proportion Now when either by Nature or this foolish violence of Art the Breast by compressing is made narrower and unproportioned the Scapulae usually appeare prominent and they become such as Hipocrates calls Alatos and by that figure obnoxious to a Phtysique the back-bone not only being hurt and they made gibbous but the Lungs thereupon cannot preserve their figure the best prescription therefore for such who are become this way proclive to a Phtysique is to use such exercises as gently dilate and extend the Breast as shooting vociferation commotion of the Armes and attraction and compressing of much breath which yet must be done with caution and without violence Among such and other the like inconveniences occasioned by this unhappy custome it is very remarkable that the Rickets a disease frequent with us but scarce known where they use not to swath their Children is occasioned as I am perswaded and some good Physitians are of the same opinion only by this perverse custome of swathing it being an observation among some Ladies that I have discoursed with that no Children that are kept with a Belly-bands only and not swathed streight upward are troubled with the Rickets A notion worth the taking notice of by those who would not have their Children grow sick of the Fashions And although Doctor Glisson and the other Doctors his Assistants in that learned Tract which to their great honour they have lately published of this new disease commonly called the Rickets or more properly the Rackets where they speake of the causes of the Curvity of the bones The cause of the Rickets enquired into they do not wholly assent to their opinions who ascribe it to the flexibility of Bones inveighing against Nurses which prematurely commit Infants and Children to their feet thinking that their bones are bent by the weight of the sustained body nor to others likewise accusing the unskilfull way of swathing practised by Nurses yet they partly grant that in so tender an age the bones may perchance be somewhat bent yet they would not remaine bent as Lead or Wax but left to their liberty they would at length returne to the proper position of the parts for they do not consist of a Ductile matter in so much as they would be broken in the bending or would certainly endeavour to recover the former site of parts And as to the unskilfulnesse and carelesnesse of Nurses they do not wholly excuse them yet they thinke they cannot justly impute this Curvity unto them since they see that the Children of poore men are handled with lesse care and sooner committed to their feet than Gentlemens Children are and yet their children are more rarely infested with this infirmity than theirs and they have known Nurses who having used the uttermost diligence both in swathing and other waies of handling Infants that they have given suck unto yet they could not prevent or avoid this Curvity of the bones But where they come to speake of the Causes why in tract of time the Spine or Rack-bone cannot be raised up according to a straight and naturall line here verily say they we cannot at all excuse the negligence and carelesnesse of nurses that they do not attentively enough observe unto which part rather Infants whom they suckle are prone to encline their body to the end they may diligently and carefully endeavour to direct it to the opposite part Where they never swath Children Likewise also when Nurses prematurely and without regard commit weaker Infants to their feet it may fall out that since the Tonique motion of the Muscles is not sufficient for sustentation of the Body they may suffer the Knee or Leg of the Child to be bended into one side whereupon the Ligaments of the joint are extended either on the inner or
upon nets instead of Beds they never take them into their Armes or their Laps no not when they give them suck bur stooping down reach the Dug unto them that only thrice every day And that which may shame our Ladies of Europe the mothers themselves although they were Queens nurse their Children unlesse they are hindered by a Disease or some other Sontick Cause and then for the most part they abstaine from the company of their husbands lest they should be constrained to weane their Children before the time for they who upon such a Cause are weaned before their time by a propudious name they called Ayusca as much as to say Bastard Joan. de Laet. descript Novi orb occident lib. 11. cap. 21. Another foolish affectation there is in young Virgins though grown big enough to be wiser but that they are led blindfold by Custome to a fashion pernicious beyond imagination who thinking a slender waste a great beauty strive all that they possibly can by streight-lacing themselves to attaine unto a wand-like smalnesse of waste Small Wastes pernitiously affected never thinking themselves fine enough untill they can span their Waste By which deadly Artifice they reduce their Breasts into such streights that they soone purchase a stinking breath and while they ignorantly affect an angust or narrow Breast and to that end by strong compulsion shut up their Wasts in a Whale-bone prison or little-ease they open a doore to Consumptions and a withering rottennesse Hence such are justly derided by Terence Haud similis virgo est virginum nostrarum Terence in Eunucho quas matres student Demissis humeris esse vincto pectore ut graciles fient Si qua est habitior paulò pugilem esse aiunt deducunt cibum Tametsi bona est natura reddunt curvatura junceas So that it seemes this foolish fashion was in request in the time that Terence lived Hoechstetterus in his description of Auspurge the Metropolis of Swevia observes this foolish custome is at this day entertained generally among the Virgins there Streight-lacing a cause of much mischiefe They are saith he describing the Virgins of Auspurge slender streight-laced with demisse shoulders lest being grosse and well made they should be thought to have too athletique bodies Which among other Causes may contribute much mischiefe to that Epidemicall Disease the whites and white Feavour with which they are so frequently annoyed in these times whereof the ancient women boast they never heard of Paraeus where he propounds Instruments for the mending such deformities observes that the Bodies of young Maids or Girles by reason they are more moist and tender than the bodies of Boyes are made crooked in processe of time Especially by the wrenching aside and crookednesse of the back bone the most frequent cause whereof is the unhandsome and undecent scituation of their Bodies when they are young and tender either in carrying sitting or standing and especially when they are taught to go too soone saluting sewing writing or in doing any such like thing In the meane while he omits not the occasion of crookednesse that happens seldome to the Country people but is much incident to the Inhabitants of great Townes and Cities which is by reason of the straitnesse and narrownesse of the garments that are worne by them which is occasioned by the folly of Mothers who while they covet to have their young Daughters bodies so small in the middle as may be possible pluck and draw their bones awry and make them crooked For the Ligaments of the Back-bone being very tender soft and moist at that age cannot stay it straite and strongly but being pliant easily permits the Spondels to slip awry inwards Causes of Crookednesse outwards or sidewise as they are thrust or forced And in another place speaking of dislocations or luxations and the causes of Bunch-backs and saddle-backs and crookedness he saith that fluid and soft bodies such as childrens usually are very subject to generate the internall cause of these mischiefes Defluxions But if externall occasions shall concur with these internall causes the Vertebra will sooner be dislocated Thus Nurses whilst they too streightly lace the Breasts and sides of Girles so to make them slender cause the Breast-bone to cast it selfe forwards or backwards or else the one shoulder to be bigger or fuller the other more spare and leane And if this happen in Infancy the Ribt grow little or nothing in Breadth but run outwards before therefore the Chest loseth its naturall Latitude and stands out with a sharpe point hence they become Astmatick the Lungs and Muscles which serve for breathing being pressed together and streightned and that they may the easier breathe they are forced to hold up their heads whence also they seeme to have great Throats and their bodies use not to grow at the Spine and the parts belonging to the Breast and Back become more slender neither is it any wonder for seeing the Veines Arteries and Nerves are not in their places the spirits do neither freely nor the alimentary juyces plenteously flow by these streightned passages whence leannesse must needs ensue The the same errour is committed if they lay Children more frequently along upon their sides than upon their backs or if taking them up when they wake they take them only by the feet or legs and never put their other hand under their backs never so much as thinking that Children grow most towards the Heads And I would to God the vanity and indiscreetnes of Mothers in their Institution Children unborne how disfigured and precise exercise of their Laws and Customes in this matter did only take effect when they endeavour it on set purpose after the Birth of their Children and that their inconsideration and imprudency did not unwittingly many times deprave their Children even whilest they embrace them in the wombe Not to mention those impressions of deformity which depend upon Imagination frights fals or blows and evill Diet from whence much mischiefe many times proceeds to the disfiguring of the Child yet unborne To the causes of mans transformation are justly referred the undecent Session or the ill collocation of the mother in sitting or lying or any other posture of her body during the time she goes with child For hereupon not only the body of the mother but of the Child inclosed in the wombe is perverted and distorted Wherefore they who all the time of their going with Child either sit idle at home or with their legs acrosse or with bodies bowed towards their knees sew or spin or employ themselves in some other action or more streightly constringe their Bellies with long bellied and straight-laced Garments Busks Rollers or Breeches bring forth Children awry or stiffnecked bowed crooked crump-shouldered distorted in their hands feet and all their Limbs because the Child can neither move freely nor commodiously extend his members What should they do with others If they had better they
prius locum Men whose members hang down to their shanks sed caute procedendum ne nimis trahant vel nimis calefaciant qui nutrimentum attractum resolveret volentes membrum magnificare minus ipsum efficerent sicut nimius motus frigiditatem inducit moderatus calorem Eadem res effectos oppositos producit Nimia ergo attractio nimia loci calefactio resolvit dum magnificare quaeritis parvitatem efficietis moderata autem attractione facietis magnitudinem Ars etiam est curativa de elonganda mentula cum pondere plumbeo The Floridians so love the Feminine Sex The Author of the Descrip of Nova Francia lib. 2. that for to please them the more they busie themselves very much about that which is the primary signe of uncleane desires and that they may the better do it they furnish themselves with Ambergreece whereof they have great store which first they melt at the fire then inject it with such paine that it maketh them to gnash their Teeth even so far as to the Os sacrum and with a whip of Nettles or such like thing make that Idoll of Maacha to swell on the other side the women use certaine herbs and endeavour themselves as much as they can to make restrictions for the use of the said Ityphalles and to give either party their due Nescio an revera constat quod diverbio fertur Arvum Genitale in mulieribus Belgicis altiorem in pube scituationem obtinere sed Medicus quidam ex observatione propria mihi communicata affirmat Genitalia in viris Hybernicis alliora in pube apparere In the Isle of Hermes the mens members hang down to their shanks Sr Joh. Mand. Travels cap 53. insomuch that the men of that Country who knew better manners do bind them streight Pygmaei magno veretro and annoint them with ointments made there for to hold them up wherby they may live more civilly which is supposed to be by reason of the heat of the climate dissolving the body Ctesias Indicus Ionst Thaumatograph Ctesias saith that the Negro Pigmies who dwell in the midst of India who are saddle-nosed and deformed have a veretrum so great and long that it hangs down even unto their Ankles Hinc de Nanis Pygmaeis quaerendum cur majorem penem habeant An quia ut scripsit Aristoteles quemadmodum homo non habens caudam illa materia in nates conversa sit similiter materia quae augmentaioni staturae Nani non est famulata in penem transmutata sit But concerning these and other strange corporall properties of Nations mentioned in this book Quaere Card. Comment in Hip. li. de Aere Aquis locis I wish some Commentator on Hippocrates Book De Aere Aquis locis would arise who supplying the losse of the much desired Comment of Galen upon that Booke might render some account of these matters What Cardan in his Comment upon that Book hath done I can give no account having never after much enquiry had the hap to meet with it That women have been metamorphosed into men is not only confirmed by Pliny and the credit of other ancient Authors but of later times many examples are to be found very evident in moderne Writers Skenck observ med lib. 4. Korn de mirac vivorum fol. 41 Marc. Donat. med Hist mirab Tulp observ Delrio Inquisit Mag. Iordanus and for all that I perceive there are few that are willing to have it accounted a Fable And the conceit is grounded upon the Authorities of Aristotle and Galen which Anatomists little approve of which is that Nature alwaies intends the Generation of the Male but if she erre from her scope and cannot generate a Male then bringeth she forth the Female Women no monster which is the first and most simple imperfection of a Male which therefore they call a Creature lame occasionall and accessory as if she were not of the maine but made by the bye concluding the Woman or Female to be nothing else but an errour or aberration of Nature which the Peripatetiques call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by a Metaphor taken from Travellers which misse of their way and yet at length attaine their journies end yea they proceed further and say that the Female is a by-worke or prevarication yea the first monster in Nature which is unworthily said of them for the perfection of all naturall things is to be esteemed and measured by the end Now it is necessary that the woman should be so formed or else Nature must have missed of her scope because she intended a perfect Generation which without a woman cannot be accomplished But now it is to be enquired how in terminis naturalibus it can be done that women should be turned into men as the infinite examples of such Cases seeme to prove which since it is monstrous we must have recourse to the causes of Monsters which happen by the errour of Nature occasioned either through the disobedience of matter or debility of the Agent and therefore they properly and modestly enough define a Monster to be a certaine oblaesion of Nature And that it is monstrous for women to be turned into men is apparent by Aristotles Definition for that is monstrous which is besides Nature to wit that Nature which for the most part is for besides that which alwaies and necessary is nothing is done therefore Monstrosity happens when any thing besides Nature appeares in those things which for the most part are so done How women are turned into men but may also be done otherwise wherefore since it is against the order of Humane Nature that a woman should degenerate into a man yet notwithstanding it being not impossible that we call monstrous and it hath the same cause which other Monsters according to Quality Number Magnitude or Scituation of Members wherefore for this reason the Learned reduce the cause of this Humane Metamorphosis to the errour of the virtue Agent and the aptitude of superfluous matter If this happened while every Animall existed in Generation it would cleare all doubts But since it is done when the Animall is borne how the virtue Formatrix can effect it is not easie to explaine but seemes a great Difficulty Therefore Anatomists and Physitians say that the virile member in such women was from the first ingenite the Agent virtue working on superfluous matter that forme upon it but by such a Law of Nature that it cannot come forth untill such a determinate time which ought not to seeme impossible to any man since we see in Embrions even in the mothers wombe Teeth formed and yet lie hid until the appointed time of their extramission which is very true and known by ocular Faith from the dissections of Abortives and Infants new-born Barth Eustachius de dentibus libello cap. 15. 17 c. as many Anatomists affirme Therefore even as all Teeth have their beginning
white So that you cannot say but that he is cruell brave nay devillish fine for whatsoever is done by abuse of Nature is diabolicall for as the right use of the naturall endowments of the body is from God so the abuse of them is from the Devill The Boyes of Siam paint themselves with a Herberts Travels Coelestiall colour from top to toe Slash'd bodies like cut leather Jerkins and as an augmentation of beauty cut gash and pinck their naked skins which in the Relators contrarying their opinion rather breeds horrour than affectation in any Traveller Lindscot lib. 1. cap. 22. The people of Cambaia and Sian that dwell up-upon the hils called Gueos marke all their bodies with hot irons which they esteeme a freedome I very easily see how many of these relations will seeme horrible untruths but let them thinke that such narrations which consist with the reason of depraved nature are not too sceptically to be entertained for because you have seen no such thing done to withdraw your beliefe Bodies painted with faire branches is a signe of singular pride and impudence and he who concludes that these actions were done or not done in these places according to his own froward opinion and assent is halfe mad and fit to begin a voyage to Anticyra I confesse writing of things that seeme so strange a man had need walke with his Guides which you see I have orderly done I have brought many witnesses that give evidence point-blanck to my purpose I alleadge Authorities and have said nothing but what stands with some reason and is made good by the Relators the burthen of the lye if there be any must rest upon other mens shoulders and not on mine Purch Pilgr 4. lib. 7. The Brasil women to make themselves gallant paint their bodies with the juyce of a certaine fruit wherewith they remaine black making in their bodies many white stroakes after the fashion of round hose and other kind of garments their children presently as soone as they are borne are painted with red and black colour Lindscot lib. 1. Pet. Mart. Decad. 8. Idem Decad. 3. The Chiribichenses all dye themselves with divers juyces of herbs and he that seemeth most filthy and ugly in our eyes they judge him to be the most neat and trim The people of the Regions Tuia and Maia in the West Indies who are of high and goodly stature well limbed and proportion'd both men and women that they may seeme more comely and beautifull as they take it they paint their bodies red and black with the juyce of certaine Apples which they plant in their Gardens for the same purpose some of them paint their whole bodies some but part and other some draw the portraicture of herbs flowers and knots every one as it seemes best unto his own phantasie Grimston of their manners The Inhabitants of St Croix of the Mount some of them to seeme more terrible Azure white roane and Tawney Gallants paint their bodies Thus we read of those kind of Canibals that are called Pories Purch Pilg. 4. lib. 6. that they paint themselves with red and black The Virginians especially when they enter into Battle are painted some black some red Capt Smiths hist of Virg. some white and some party coloured In the Land of the Labourer vulgarly called Tranlopez de Gomora descript novi orbis De Labrador both men and women for ornament paint themselves with divers colours In the Island of Dominica in the West Indies Sr Francis Drake the Salvage people go all naked their skin coloured with a reddish Tawney all very personable and handsome strong men As for the Floridians Ribaults discovery of Florida the sore-part of their bodies and armes be painted with pretty devised workes of Azure Red and Black so well and so properly as the best Painter of Europe could not amend it the women have their bodies painted with a certaine herb like unto Mosse wherewith the Cedar trees and all other Trees are covered The people of Whitesands Island paint themselves with certaine roane colours In a narration of new France The Margasates in Brasilea paint themselves with black streakes like the Tartarians Lindscot Travels lib. 2. The Inhabitants of the Island La Trinidade paint their bodies red and black with colours made of the juyce of herbs and the filthier it sheweth the fairer they esteeme it to be Idem eodem And in the Gothick warre ferroque notatas Perlegit exanimes Picto moriente figuras Some thinke that the Celtique Poiteveins called by the Latines Pictones though they be not descended of this race yet had their name given them for the same occasion of that of the Picts And as customes once brought in among a people are not lost but by the length of many Ages So in Brunzwich they sometimes grease their faces with painting and make their Vizage all black from whence perchance that word Bronzer may be derived which signifies in Picardy to black And generally it is beleeved that all those Northerly people did use painting when they would make themselves brave for the Gelons Agathyrses Nations of Scythia like the Picts Iohan. Bohem. de rit gent. lib. 3. were of this Fraternity with Iron Instruments did colour their bodies We English men likewise then called Britons by the saying of Tertullian Tert. de veland virg Jornand de bello Gotico Isidor lib. 16. cap. 23. affected the same cruell bravery The Goths besides the Iron Instruments did use Vermilion to make their faces and bodies red Briefely it was a sport in old time to see so many Anticks men and women for there are found yet old pictures which in the Virginia History you may find Painting with faire incisions an old humour of our Auncestors cut in brasse where the Picts of both Sexes are painted out with their faire incisions as Herodian describeth them So that you see this humour of painting hath been generall in these parts There being no cause of mocking if the Indians have done and yet do the like By which things above recited we may know that this hither world hath anciently been as much deformed and savage as any of the Indians and may come about to the same point of cuticular bravery Why some men and they a mighty and considerable part of mankind should first acquire and still retaine the glosse and tincture of blacknesse they who have strictly enquired into the cause Enquity how so great a part of mankind became Black have found no lesse darkenesse in it than blackness in the effect it selfe there arising unto examination no such satisfactory and unquarrellable reasons as may confirme the causes generally received which are but two in number that is the heat and the scorch of the Sun or the curse of God on Cham and his Posterity That the most common imputation to the heat of the Sun in
of which kind there be many in those parts of Guiana but is supposed to proceed from some infirmity of body Among other wild men the Cinnaminians are to be admired for their prolix beards Aldrovandus and the hairinesse of their whole bodies the women also being all over hairy These Relations make me wonder at the opinion of Platerus Platerus in Deformatione observ lib. 3. who denies that there are any wild men to be found all over hairy except the tip of their nose their knees and the palmes of the hand and feet as they are usually painted and conceived of by the Vulgar which that it is false we may hence saith he collect that Cosmographers who have described the whole world make no where mention of them when yet notwithstanding they have not omitted the wildest people the Amazons Canibals and Americans and others which go naked The cause of pilosity and yet are not hairy and those haires that naturally breake forth they pluck forth and eradicate It is observable and makes to our purpose that savage men are more hairy than those that are civill degenerating by their Bruitish kind of life into the nature and resemblance of beasts who are more hairy than men Besides the generall examples of all barbarous Nations we have a particular demonstration of this Bruitish Metamorphosis in the transformation of Nebuchadnezzer Dan. 4. and more lately in the storie of Iohn of Leiden mentioned by Sir K. Digby in his Treatise of the soule The cause of the natural smoothness in men is not as my L. Bacon noteth any abundance of heat and moisture Lord Bacons nat hist cent 7. exp 680. though that indeed causeth pilosity but there is requisite to pilosity not so much heat and moisture as excrementitious heat moisture for whatsoever assimilateth goeth not into the haire and excrementitious moisture aboundeth most in Beasts and Men that are more savage The head indeed of man hath haire upon the first birth which no other part of the body hath The cause may be want of perspiration for much of the matter of haire in the other parts of the body goeth forth by insensible perspiration And besides the Skull being of a more solid substance nourisheth and assimilateth lesse and excerneth more and so likewise doth the Chin we see also that haire commeth not upon the Palmes of the Hands nor Soles of the Feet which are parts more perspirable And Children likewise are not hairy for that their skins are more perspirable Many have been born abounding with shagged haire almost like unto water-Spaniels Men borne with shagged haire like a water Spaniel we read first of Esau that he was the first of this Tribe Gen. cap. 27. Majolus in Colloquiis and Majolus recites a story that in the Town of Pisa named Petrosancta there was borne of a smooth woman a Virgin covered all over with long haire whose image Aldrovandus hath exhibited the cause of which effect Authors refer to the Picture of St Iohn Baptist painted after the usuall manner cloathed in Camels haire whose image hanging in her Chamber the mother had wishtly beheld All rugged with haire having pawes like a Beare was that Infant which was borne 1282. Lycosthenes of an illustrious Matron Martin the fourth being then Pope of Rome by whose command all the Pictures of Beares which were found in that Ladies house were blotted out and defaced a manifest argument of the received imagination of the Effigies of the Beares in Conception Peucerus Peucerus seemes to confirme this production by another such like case declaring that Anno 1549. he saw a Child covered over with a Beares skin Moreover Columbus confesseth Columbus that he saw a certaine Spaniard beset with long haires in all parts of his body except his hands and Face Julius Caesar Scaliger Scaliger remembers a certaine little Spaniard covered with white haires which he reports to have been brought out of India or to have been borne of Indian Parents in Spaine Also Henry the second Boscius King of France at Paris caused a young man who was no lesse hairy than a Dog to be instructed and bred up a Scholler And of late in the Pallace of the Duke of Parma there were hairy men kept Nations that wind their bones like Sinews who were brought from other parts to wit as I conceive Platerus in D format obser lib. 3. from France for Platerus who denieth that there beany hairy Nations yet alloweth that there are many of both Sexes more hairy than others confesseth that he saw at Brasil Anno 1583. being then to be transported into Italy the Children of this hairy man begotten of a smooth woman to wit a boy of nine yeares and a girle of seven yeares old who together with their mother had been sent into Flanders to the Duke of Parma Purch Pilgr 1. lib. 1. Jo. Bohem. de rit gent. lib. 3. Geor. Draud com in Solin Magin in Geog. Indiae orient Maffaeus hist ind lib. 1. In the Island of Iamuli the Inhabitants who exceed us foure Cubits in stature and the holes of whose eares are much wider than ours winde their bones this way and that way as they please like sinewes so do the Nairoes also Maginus and Maffaeus both say that after their seventh yeare they are prepared to an incredible agility and dexterity by often annointing their whole body with the oyle Sesamum whereby their nerves and bones are so suppled and relaxed that they can easily winde and turne their bodie and at pleasure bow it to what part they please afterwards they accustome themselves with all care and diligence in corporall exercises and learne nimbly to handle their Armes The Author of the descript of Nova Francia lib. 2. cap. 10. And the Author of the description of Nova Francia saies that these Nobles and Warriours of the Malabars the Nairoes to make themselves such they help Nature and their sinewes are stretched out even from seven yeares of Age which afterwards are anointed and 〈◊〉 â—â—th the oile of Sesamum which make◠〈…〉 well their bodies at will that they seeme to have no bones Art used to make maids fat Schenckius thinkes without doubt they have nervous bones Schenck obser de cap. 355. Yet they who should see our Funambuli and Tumblers who have been brought up from their youth to their feats of activity would think as much of them whom we have seen to twist and winde their bodies very strangely as if they had no bones The Mangones Hier. Merc. de decoratione 14. Galen Method cap. 16. that they might make their bodies more fat for sale were wont to whip their buttocks and loines with rods and so by degrees make them more fleshy which is noted by Galen as no contemptible stratagem to attract the nourishment to the outward parts And there be nations out of the Tropicks who by exercise and