be_v to_o please_v the_o audience_n be_v ancient_o perhaps_o better_o answer_v than_o now_o though_o a_o modern_a master_n will_v then_o have_v be_v dissatisfied_n because_o such_o consort_n as_o the_o ancient_a symphony_n proper_o be_v in_o which_o several_a instrument_n and_o perhaps_o voice_n play_v and_o sing_v the_o same_o part_n together_o can_v discover_v the_o extent_n and_o perfection_n of_o the_o art_n which_o here_o only_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v so_o much_o as_o the_o composition_n of_o our_o modern_a opera_n from_o all_o this_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v not_o unreasonable_a to_o conclude_v that_o though_o 45._o those_o charm_n of_o music_n by_o which_o man_n and_o beast_n fish_n fowl_n and_o serpent_n be_v so_o frequent_o enchant_v and_o their_o very_a nature_n change_v be_v real_o and_o irrecoverable_o lose_v yet_o the_o art_n of_o music_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o sing_v and_o play_v upon_o harmonious_a instrument_n be_v in_o itself_o much_o a_o perfect_a thing_n though_o perhaps_o not_o much_o pleasant_a to_o a_o unskilful_a audience_n than_o it_o ever_o be_v among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n chap._n xxv_o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a physic_n after_o these_o mathematical_a science_n it_o be_v convenient_a to_o go_v to_o those_o which_o be_v more_o proper_o physical_a and_o in_o our_o language_n alone_o peculiarly_a so_o call_v what_o these_o want_n in_o certainty_n they_o have_v make_v up_o in_o usefulness_n for_o if_o life_n and_o health_n be_v the_o great_a good_a thing_n which_o we_o can_v enjoy_v here_o a_o conjectural_a knowledge_n that_o may_v but_o sometime_o give_v we_o relief_n when_o those_o be_v in_o danger_n be_v much_o more_o valuable_a than_o a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o other_o thing_n which_o can_v only_o employ_v the_o understanding_n or_o furnish_v we_o with_o such_o conveniency_n as_o may_v be_v spare_v since_o we_o see_v that_o several_a nation_n which_o never_o have_v they_o live_v very_o happy_o and_o do_v 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eccentrick_n and_o epicycle_n shall_v be_v good_a guide_n to_o practice_n not_o by_o give_v a_o certain_a insight_n into_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o several_a step_n by_o which_o the_o disease_n first_o begin_v and_o be_v afterward_o carry_v on_o but_o by_o enable_v the_o physician_n to_o make_v lucky_a conjecture_n at_o proper_a course_n and_o fit_a medicine_n whereby_o to_o relieve_v or_o cure_v his_o patient_n and_o this_o may_v be_v equal_o successful_a whether_o he_o resolve_v every_o thing_n into_o hot_a or_o cold_a moist_a or_o dry_a into_o acid_n or_o alkali_n into_o salt_n sulphur_n or_o mercury_n or_o into_o any_o thing_n else_o he_o do_v not_o know_v for_o instance_n that_o hospital_n bile_n and_o the_o pancreatic_a juice_n be_v the_o main_a instrument_n of_o digestion_n yet_o he_o see_v that_o his_o patient_n digest_v his_o meat_n with_o great_a difficulty_n he_o be_v sure_a that_o as_o long_o as_o that_o last_v the_o sick_a man_n can_v have_v a_o good_a habit_n of_o body_n he_o find_v that_o the_o distemper_n arise_v sometime_o though_o not_o always_o from_o a_o visible_a cause_n and_o he_o have_v try_v the_o goodness_n of_o such_o and_o such_o medicine_n in_o seem_o parallel_a case_n he_o may_v be_v able_a therefore_o to_o give_v very_o excellent_a advice_n though_o he_o can_v perhaps_o dive_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o distemper_n so_o well_o as_o another_o man_n who_o have_v great_a anatomical_a help_n and_o be_v accustom_v to_o reason_n upon_o more_o certain_a physiological_a principle_n have_v make_v a_o strict_a enquiry_n into_o that_o very_a case_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n though_o he_o can_v be_v say_v to_o know_v so_o much_o of_o the_o essence_n of_o the_o disease_n as_o that_o other_o man_n yet_o perhaps_o their_o method_n of_o practice_n notwithstanding_o the_o great_a disparity_n of_o each_o other_o knowledge_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o main_a the_o same_o though_o all_o this_o seem_v very_o certain_a yet_o in_o the_o argument_n before_o we_o it_o be_v not_o a_o easy_a thing_n to_o state_n the_o question_n so_o equal_o as_o to_o satisfy_v all_o contend_a side_n he_o that_o look_v into_o the_o write_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o rational_a physician_n as_o they_o call_v themselves_o by_o way_n of_o eminence_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o those_o who_o about_o fifty_o year_n ago_o set_v up_o hypocrates_n and_o galen_n as_o the_o parent_n and_o perfecter_n of_o medicinal_a knowledge_n will_v find_v throughout_o all_o their_o write_n great_a contempt_n of_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v not_o plain_o deducible_a from_o those_o text_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o he_o dip_v into_o the_o book_n of_o the_o chemical_a philosopher_n he_o will_v meet_v with_o equal_a scorn_n of_o those_o book_n and_o method_n which_o they_o in_o derision_n have_v call_v galenical_a and_o yet_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o practise_v physician_n of_o both_o party_n have_v often_o wrought_v very_o extraordinary_a cure_n by_o their_o own_o method_n so_o that_o there_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v equal_a injustice_n of_o all_o hand_n in_o exclude_v all_o method_n of_o cure_n not_o build_v upon_o their_o own_o principle_n here_o therefore_o without_o be_v positive_a in_o a_o dispute_n about_o which_o the_o party_n concern_v be_v not_o themselves_o agree_v i_o shall_v only_o offer_v these_o few_o thing_n 1._o that_o if_o the_o greatness_n of_o any_o one_o particular_a genius_n be_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v look_v after_o hypocrates_n alone_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o man_n who_o assertion_n in_o the_o practical_a part_n of_o physic_n may_v be_v blind_o receive_v for_o he_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o great_a assistance_n that_o we_o know_v of_o do_v that_o which_o if_o it_o be_v still_o to_o do_v will_v seem_v sufficient_a to_o employ_v the_o unite_a force_n of_o more_o than_o one_o age._n he_o be_v scrupulous_o exact_v in_o distinguish_a disease_n in_o observe_v the_o proper_a symptom_n of_o each_o and_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o time_n and_o accident_n thereby_o to_o make_v a_o judgement_n how_o far_o they_o may_v be_v esteem_v dangerous_a and_o how_o far_o safe_a herein_o his_o particular_a excellency_n seem_v to_o have_v lie_v and_o this_o in_o the_o order_n of_o knowledge_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n that_o a_o rational_a physician_n ought_v to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o which_o be_v a_o sure_a argument_n that_o hypocrates_n thorough_o understand_v what_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o he_o to_o study_v with_o the_o great_a care_n in_o order_n to_o make_v his_o write_n always_o useful_a to_o posterity_n 2._o that_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v the_o method_n of_o practice_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_n to_o have_v be_v as_o perfect_v nay_o perfect_a than_o those_o now_o in_o use_n which_o some_o great_a man_n have_v eager_o contend_v for_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o they_o understand_v the_o whole_a compass_n of_o their_o profession_n
reflection_n upon_o ancient_n and_o modern_a learning_n by_o william_n wotton_n b._n d._n chaplain_n to_o the_o right_n honourable_a the_o earl_n of_o nottingham_n london_n print_v by_o j._n leake_n for_o peter_n buck_n at_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o temple_n near_o the_o inner-temple-gate_n in_o fleetstreet_n mdcxciv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a daniel_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n baron_n finch_n of_o daventry_n may_v it_o please_v your_o lordship_n since_o i_o be_o upon_o many_o account_n oblige_v to_o lay_v the_o study_n and_o labour_n of_o my_o life_n at_o your_o lordship_n foot_n it_o will_v not_o i_o hope_v be_v think_v presumption_n in_o i_o to_o make_v this_o follow_a address_n which_o on_o my_o part_n be_v a_o act_n of_o duty_n i_o can_v not_o omit_v so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n of_o declare_v how_o sensible_a i_o be_o of_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v under_o your_o lordship_n patronage_n the_o pleasure_n of_o tell_v the_o world_n that_o one_o be_v raise_v by_o man_n who_o be_v true_o great_a and_o good_a work_v too_o powerful_o to_o be_v smother_v in_o the_o breast_n of_o he_o that_o feel_v it_o especial_o since_o a_o man_n be_v rare_o censure_v for_o show_v it_o but_o be_v rather_o commend_v for_o gratify_v such_o a_o inclination_n when_o he_o thankful_o publish_v to_o who_o he_o be_v indebt_v for_o all_o the_o comfort_n and_o felicity_n of_o his_o life_n but_o your_o lordship_n have_v another_o right_n to_o these_o paper_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o that_o of_o their_o be_v i_o the_o matter_n itself_o direct_v i_o to_o your_o lordship_n as_o the_o proper_a patron_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o well_o as_o of_o its_o advocate_n those_o that_o inquire_v whether_o there_o be_v such_o a_o spirit_n now_o in_o the_o world_n as_o animate_v the_o great_a example_n of_o antiquity_n must_v seek_v for_o live_a instance_n as_o well_o as_o abstract_a argument_n and_o those_o they_o must_v take_v care_n to_o produce_v to_o the_o best_a advantage_n if_o they_o expect_v to_o convince_v the_o world_n that_o they_o have_v find_v what_o they_o seek_v for_o this_o therefore_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o this_o follow_a enquiry_n it_o seem_v necessary_a to_o urge_v the_o strong_a argument_n first_o and_o to_o prepossess_v the_o world_n in_o favour_n of_o my_o cause_n by_o this_o dedication_n for_o those_o that_o consider_v that_o the_o virtue_n which_o make_v up_o a_o great_a character_n such_o as_o magnanimity_n capacity_n for_o the_o high_a employment_n depth_n of_o judgement_n sagacity_n elocution_n and_o fidelity_n be_v unite_v in_o as_o eminent_a a_o degree_n in_o your_o lordship_n as_o they_o be_v find_v asunder_o in_o the_o true_a character_n of_o the_o ancient_a worthy_n that_o all_o this_o be_v render_v yet_o more_o illustrious_a by_o your_o exemplary_a piety_n and_o concern_v for_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o your_o zeal_n for_o the_o right_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a monarchy_n and_o last_o of_o all_o that_o these_o virtue_n do_v so_o constant_o descend_v from_o father_n to_o son_n in_o your_o lordship_n family_n that_o its_o collateral_a branch_n be_v esteem_v public_a blessing_n to_o their_o age_n and_o country_n will_v ready_o confess_v that_o the_o world_n do_v still_o improve_v and_o will_v go_v no_o further_o than_o your_o lordship_n to_o silence_v all_o that_o shall_v be_v so_o hardy_a as_o to_o dispute_v it_o justice_z therefore_o as_o well_o as_o gratitude_n oblige_v i_o to_o present_v these_o paper_n to_o your_o lordship_n though_o since_o i_o have_v take_v the_o freedom_n in_o several_a particular_n to_o dissent_v from_o a_o gentleman_n who_o write_n have_v be_v very_o kind_o receive_v in_o the_o world_n i_o be_o bind_v to_o declare_v that_o the_o chief_a reason_n of_o this_o address_n be_v to_o let_v the_o world_n see_v that_o i_o have_v a_o right_a to_o subscribe_v myself_o may_v it_o please_v your_o lordship_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o oblige_v and_o most_o dutiful_a servant_n and_o chaplain_n william_n wotton_n preface_n the_o argument_n of_o these_o follow_a paper_n seem_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n to_o be_v so_o very_o remote_a from_o that_o holy_a profession_n and_o from_o those_o study_n to_o which_o i_o be_o in_o a_o more_o particular_a manner_n oblige_v to_o dedicate_v myself_o that_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v expect_v that_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o reason_n which_o engage_v i_o to_o set_v about_o it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o imagine_v that_o if_o the_o several_a boundary_n of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a learning_n be_v once_o impartial_o state_v man_n will_v better_a know_v what_o be_v still_o unfinished_a and_o what_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n perfect_a and_o consequent_o what_o deserve_v the_o great_a application_n upon_o the_o score_n of_o its_o be_v imperfect_a which_o may_v be_v a_o good_a inducement_n to_o set_v those_o man_n who_o have_v a_o great_a genius_n find_v also_o in_o themselves_o a_o inclination_n to_o promote_v learning_n upon_o subject_n wherein_o they_o may_v probable_o meet_v with_o success_n answerable_a to_o their_o endeavour_n by_o which_o mean_v knowledge_n in_o all_o its_o part_n may_v at_o last_o be_v complete_v i_o believe_v likewise_o that_o this_o may_v insensible_o lead_v man_n to_o follow_v such_o and_o only_o such_o for_o their_o guide_n as_o they_o can_v confide_v in_o for_o the_o able_a and_o best_a in_o those_o several_a kind_n of_o learning_n to_o which_o they_o intend_v to_o apply_v their_o thought_n he_o that_o believe_v the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o art_n of_o write_v that_o have_v ever_o yet_o appear_v will_v read_v they_o as_o his_o instructor_n will_v copy_n after_o they_o will_v strive_v to_o imitate_v their_o beauty_n and_o form_v his_o style_n after_o their_o model_n if_o he_o propose_v to_o himself_o to_o be_v excellent_a in_o that_o art_n himself_o all_o which_o thing_n will_v be_v neglect_v and_o he_o will_v content_v himself_o to_o read_v they_o in_o their_o translation_n to_o furnish_v his_o mind_n with_o topic_n of_o discourse_n and_o to_o have_v a_o general_a notion_n of_o what_o these_o ancient_a author_n say_v if_o he_o think_v he_o may_v be_v equal_o excellent_a a_o near_a way_n to_o read_v greek_a and_o latin_a with_o ease_n be_v a_o thing_n not_o soon_o learn_v the_o language_n be_v too_o much_o out_o of_o the_o common_a road_n and_o the_o turn_v which_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n give_v to_o all_o their_o thought_n can_v be_v resemble_v by_o what_o we_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o modern_a language_n which_o make_v they_o tedious_a till_o master_v by_o use._n so_o that_o constant_a read_n of_o the_o most_o perfect_a modern_a book_n which_o do_v not_o go_v joint_o on_o with_o the_o ancient_n in_o their_o turn_v will_n by_o bring_v the_o ancient_n into_o disuse_a cause_n the_o learning_n of_o the_o next_o generation_n to_o sink_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o not_o draw_v from_o those_o spring_n from_o whence_o these_o excellent_a modern_n draw_v who_o they_o only_o propose_v to_o follow_v nor_o take_v those_o measure_n which_o these_o man_n take_v must_v for_o want_v of_o that_o foundation_n which_o these_o their_o modern_a guide_n first_o careful_o lay_v fail_v in_o no_o long_a compass_n of_o time_n yet_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o man_n who_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o these_o thing_n shall_v find_v every_o thing_n to_o be_v commend_v because_o it_o be_v old_a not_o because_o it_o be_v best_o and_o afterward_o shall_v perceive_v that_o in_o many_o material_a and_o very_a curious_a part_n of_o learning_n the_o ancient_n be_v comparative_o speak_v gross_o ignorant_a it_o will_v make_v they_o suspect_v that_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n also_o they_o be_v equal_o deficient_a ground_v their_o general_a conclusion_n upon_o this_o very_a common_a though_o erroneous_a principle_n that_o because_o a_o man_n be_v in_o a_o error_n in_o those_o thing_n whereof_o we_o can_v judge_v therefore_o he_o must_v be_v equal_o mistake_v in_o those_o thing_n where_o we_o can_v now_o this_o extreme_a can_v be_v no_o way_n more_o easy_o avoid_v than_o by_o state_v the_o due_a limit_n of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a learning_n and_o show_v in_o every_o particular_a to_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o give_v the_o pre-eminence_n but_o i_o have_v another_o and_o a_o more_o powerful_a reason_n to_o move_v i_o to_o consider_v this_o subject_a and_o that_o be_v that_o i_o do_v believe_v it_o may_v be_v some_o way_n subservient_fw-fr to_o religion_n itself_o among_o all_o the_o hypothesis_n of_o those_o who_o will_v destroy_v our_o most_o holy_a faith_n none_o be_v so_o plausible_a as_o that_o of_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o world_n the_o fabulous_a history_n of_o the_o egyptian_n chaldean_n and_o chineses_n seem_v to_o countenance_v that_o assertion_n the_o
reflection_n relate_v to_o the_o follow_a chapter_n with_o a_o account_n of_o sir_n william_n temple_n be_v hypothesis_n of_o the_o history_n of_o learning_n p._n 77_o chap._n 8._o of_o the_o learning_n of_o pythagoras_n and_o the_o most_o ancient_a philosopher_n of_o greece_n p._n 91_o chap._n 9_o of_o the_o history_n and_o mathematics_n of_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_n p._n 103_o chap._n 10._o of_o the_o natural_a philosophy_n medicine_n and_o alchemy_n of_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_n p._n 116_o chap._n 11._o of_o the_o learning_n of_o the_o ancient_a chaldean_n and_o arabian_n p._n 136_o chap._n 12._o of_o the_o learning_n of_o the_o chinese_n p._n 144_o chap._n 13._o of_o the_o logic_n and_o metaphysic_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n p._n 154_o chap._n 14._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n p._n 159_o chap._n 15._o of_o several_a instrument_n invent_v by_o the_o modern_n which_o have_v help_v to_o advance_v learning_n p._n 169_o chap._n 16._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a chemistry_n p._n 183_o chap._n 17._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a anatomy_n p._n 190_o chap._n 18._o of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n p._n 206_o chap._n 19_o further_a reflection_n upon_o ancient_n and_o modern_a anatomy_n p._n 218_o chap._n 20._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a natural_a history_n of_o elementary_a body_n and_o mineral_n p._n 238_o chap._n 21._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a history_n of_o plant_n p._n 252_o chap._n 22._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a history_n of_o animal_n p._n 263_o chap._n 23._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a astronomy_n and_o optic_n p._n 275_o chap._n 24._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a music_n p._n 282_o chap._n 25._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a physic_n p._n 289_o chap._n 26._o of_o ancient_n and_o modern_a natural_a philosophy_n p._n 299_o chap._n 27._o of_o the_o philological_a learning_n of_o the_o modern_n p._n 310_o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o theological_a learning_n of_o the_o modern_n p._n 322_o chap._n 29._o reflection_n upon_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o modern_a learning_n assign_v by_o sir_n william_n temple_n p._n 342_o advertisement_n ☞_o the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o second_o edition_n of_o sir_n william_n temple_n essay_n be_v quote_v every_o where_o in_o this_o book_n but_o that_o all_o the_o citation_n be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o three_o edition_n which_o be_v correct_v and_o enlarge_v by_o the_o author_n errata_fw-la pag._n 90._o lin_v 5._o r._n account_n p._n 94_o 95._o r._n van_n dalen_n p._n 122._o l._n 5._o r._n exurere_fw-la p._n 145._o l._n ult_n for_o mechanic_n r._n mathematics_n p._n 146._o l._n 3._o r._n verbiest_n p._n 164._o l._n 26._o r._n van_n heuraet_n p._n 176._o l._n 24._o r._n limb._n p._n 280._o l._n 22._o r._n ellipse_n p._n 271._o l._n 3._o r._n can_v p._n 312._o l._n 2._o r._n when_o we_o p._n 314._o l._n 26._o for_o letter_n r._n discourse_n p._n 315._o l._n 13._o for_o it_o be_v r._n they_o be_v reflection_n upon_o ancient_n and_o modern_a learning_n chap._n 1._o general_a reflection_n upon_o the_o state_n of_o the_o question_n the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o design_n and_o study_n of_o mankind_n be_v so_o very_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v 150_o year_n ago_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o man_n notion_n concern_v they_o vary_v as_o much_o as_o the_o thing_n themselves_o this_o great_a difference_n arise_v from_o the_o desire_n which_o every_o man_n have_v who_o believe_v that_o he_o can_v do_v great_a thing_n than_o his_o neighbour_n of_o let_v they_o see_v how_o much_o he_o do_v excel_v they_o this_o will_v oblige_v he_o to_o omit_v no_o opportunity_n that_o offer_v itself_o to_o do_v it_o and_o afterward_o to_o express_v his_o satisfaction_n that_o he_o have_v do_v it_o this_o be_v not_o only_o visible_a in_o particular_a person_n but_o in_o the_o several_a age_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v only_a community_n of_o particular_a person_n live_v at_o the_o same_o time_n as_o often_o as_o their_o humour_n or_o their_o interest_n lead_v they_o to_o pursue_v the_o same_o method_n this_o emulation_n equal_o show_v itself_o whatsoever_o the_o subject_a be_v about_o which_o it_o be_v employ_v whether_o it_o be_v about_o matter_n of_o trade_n or_o war_n or_o learning_n it_o be_v all_o one_o one_o nation_n will_v strive_v to_o outdo_v another_o and_o so_o will_v one_o age_n too_o when_o several_a nation_n agree_v in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o the_o same_o design_n only_o the_o jealousy_n be_v not_o so_o great_a in_o the_o contest_v for_o learning_n as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o for_o riches_n and_o power_n because_o these_o be_v thing_n which_o every_o several_a people_n strive_v to_o engross_v all_o to_o themselves_o so_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o border_a nation_n to_o suffer_v with_o any_o patience_n that_o their_o neighbour_n shall_v grow_v as_o great_a as_o they_o in_o either_o of_o they_o to_o their_o own_o prejudice_n though_o they_o will_v all_o agree_v in_o raise_v the_o credit_n of_o the_o age_n they_o live_v in_o upon_o that_o account_n that_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n wherein_o their_o interest_n do_v perfect_o unite_v if_o this_o way_n of_o reason_v will_n bold_a it_o may_v be_v ask_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o the_o last_o age_n do_v not_o pretend_v that_o they_o outdo_v the_o ancient_n as_o well_o as_o some_o do_v now_o they_o will_v without_o question_n can_v they_o have_v have_v any_o colour_n for_o it_o it_o be_v the_o work_n of_o one_o age_n to_o remove_v the_o rubbish_n and_o to_o clear_v the_o way_n for_o future_a inventor_n man_n seldom_o strive_v for_o mastery_n where_o the_o superiority_n be_v not_o in_o some_o sort_n disputable_a than_o it_o be_v that_o they_o begin_v to_o strive_v according_o as_o soon_o as_o there_o be_v a_o fair_a pretence_n for_o such_o a_o dispute_n there_o be_v not_o want_v those_o who_o soon_o make_v the_o most_o of_o it_o both_o by_o exalt_v their_o own_o performance_n and_o disparage_v every_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v do_v of_o that_o kind_n by_o their_o predecessor_n till_o the_o new_a philosophy_n have_v get_v ground_n in_o the_o world_n this_o be_v do_v very_o spare_o which_o be_v but_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o 40_o or_o 50_o year_n there_o be_v but_o few_o before_o who_o will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v exceed_v the_o ancient_n unless_o it_o be_v some_o few_o physician_n who_o set_v up_o chemical_a method_n of_o practice_n and_o theory_n of_o disease_n found_v upon_o chemical_a notion_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o galenical_a but_o these_o man_n for_o want_v of_o converse_v much_o out_o of_o their_o own_o laboratory_n be_v unable_a to_o maintain_v their_o cause_n to_o the_o general_a conviction_n of_o mankind_n the_o credit_n of_o the_o cure_n which_o they_o wrought_v not_o support_v they_o enough_o against_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o adversary_n soon_o after_o the_o restauration_n of_o king_n charles_n ii_o upon_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n the_o comparative_a excellency_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a philosophy_n be_v eager_o debate_v in_o england_n but_o the_o dispute_v then_o manage_v between_o stubbe_n and_o glanvile_n be_v rather_o personal_a relate_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n than_o general_n relate_v to_o knowledge_n in_o its_o utmost_a extent_n in_o france_n this_o controversy_n have_v be_v take_v up_o more_o at_o large_a the_o french_a be_v not_o satisfy_v to_o argue_v the_o point_n in_o philosophy_n and_o mathematics_n but_o even_o in_o poetry_n and_o oratory_n too_o where_o the_o ancient_n have_v the_o general_a prejudice_n of_o the_o learned_a on_o their_o side_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr fontenelle_n the_o celebrate_a author_n of_o a_o book_n concern_v the_o plurality_n of_o world_n begin_v the_o dispute_n about_o six_o year_n ago_o in_o a_o little_a discourse_n annex_v to_o his_o pastoral_n he_o be_v something_o shy_a in_o declare_v his_o mind_n at_o least_o in_o arraign_v the_o ancient_n who_o reputation_n be_v already_o establish_v though_o it_o be_v plain_a he_o will_v be_v understand_v to_o give_v the_o modern_n the_o preference_n in_o poetry_n and_o oratory_n as_o well_o as_o in_o philosophy_n and_o mathematics_n his_o book_n be_v receive_v with_o great_a applause_n it_o be_v oppose_v in_o england_n by_o sir_n william_n temple_n who_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o miscellanea_fw-la have_v print_v a_o essay_n upon_o this_o very_a subject_n have_v monsieur_n de_fw-fr fontenelle_n discourse_n pass_v unquestioned_a it_o will_v have_v be_v very_o strange_a since_o there_o never_o be_v a_o new_a notion_n start_v in_o the_o world_n but_o some_o be_v find_v who_o do_v as_o eager_o contradict_v it_o the_o opinion_n which_o sir_n william_n temple_n appear_v for_o be_v receive_v by_o so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o
learned_a man_n that_o those_o who_o oppose_v it_o ought_v to_o bring_v much_o more_o than_o a_o positive_a affirmation_n otherwise_o they_o can_v expect_v that_o the_o world_n shall_v give_v judgement_n in_o their_o favour_n the_o question_n now_o to_o be_v ask_v have_v former_o be_v inquire_v into_o by_o few_o beside_o those_o who_o have_v chief_o value_v oratory_n poesy_n and_o all_o that_o which_o the_o french_a call_v the_o bell_n lettres_n that_o be_v to_o say_v all_o those_o art_n of_o eloquence_n wherein_o the_o ancient_n be_v general_o agree_v to_o have_v be_v very_o excellent_a so_o that_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr fontenelle_n take_v the_o wrong_a course_n to_o have_v his_o paradox_n be_v believe_v for_o he_o assert_v all_o and_o prove_v little_a he_o make_v no_o induction_n of_o particular_n and_o rare_o enter_v into_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n he_o declare_v that_o he_o think_v love_n of_o ease_n to_o be_v the_o reign_a principle_n among_o mankind_n for_o which_o reason_n perhaps_o he_o be_v loath_a to_o put_v himself_o to_o the_o trouble_n of_o be_v too_o minute_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n therefore_o if_o those_o to_o who_o his_o proposition_n appear_v entire_o new_a condemn_v he_o of_o sufficiency_n the_o worst_a composition_n out_o of_o the_o pride_n and_o ignorance_n of_o mankind_n however_o since_o his_o reason_n be_v general_o speak_v very_o just_a especial_o where_o he_o discourse_v of_o the_o comparative_a force_n of_o the_o genius_n of_o man_n in_o the_o several_a age_n of_o the_o world_n i_o resolve_v to_o make_v some_o enquiry_n into_o the_o particular_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v assert_v by_o some_o to_o be_v modern_a discovery_n and_o vindicate_v to_o the_o ancient_n by_o other_o the_o general_a proposition_n which_o sir_n william_n temple_n endeavour_n to_o prove_v in_o this_o essay_n be_v this_o that_o if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n have_v to_o improve_v themselves_o in_o art_n and_o science_n above_o what_o the_o modern_n can_v pretend_v to_o and_o upon_o that_o natural_a force_n of_o genius_n so_o discernible_a in_o the_o early_a writer_n who_o book_n be_v still_o extant_a which_o have_v not_o be_v equal_v in_o any_o person_n that_o have_v set_v up_o for_o promoter_n of_o knowledge_n in_o these_o latter_a age_n and_o compare_v the_o actual_a performance_n of_o they_o both_o together_o we_o ought_v in_o justice_n to_o conclude_v that_o the_o learning_n of_o the_o present_a age_n be_v only_o a_o faint_a imperfect_a copy_n from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o former_a time_n such_o as_o can_v be_v take_v from_o those_o scatter_a fragment_n which_o be_v save_v out_o of_o the_o general_a shipwreck_n the_o question_n that_o arise_v from_o this_o proposition_n will_v be_v full_o understand_v if_o we_o inquire_v 1._o into_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o ancient_n may_v have_v be_v suppose_v to_o bring_v to_o perfection_n in_o case_n they_o do_v so_o not_o because_o they_o excel_v those_o that_o come_v after_o they_o in_o understanding_n but_o because_o they_o get_v the_o start_n by_o be_v bear_v first_o 2._o whether_o there_o be_v any_o art_n or_o science_n which_o be_v more_o perfect_o practise_v by_o the_o ancient_n though_o all_o imaginable_a care_n have_v be_v since_o use_v to_o equal_v they_o 3._o whether_o there_o may_v not_o be_v other_o wherein_o they_o be_v exceed_v by_o the_o modern_n though_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v that_o both_o side_n do_v as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v when_o such_o inquiry_n have_v once_o be_v make_v it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o draw_v such_o inference_n afterward_o as_o will_v enable_v we_o to_o do_v justice_n to_o both_o side_n it_o must_v be_v own_v that_o these_o inquiry_n do_v not_o immediate_o resolve_v the_o question_n which_o sir_n william_n temple_n put_v for_o he_o confound_v two_o very_a different_a thing_n together_o namely_o who_o be_v the_o great_a man_n the_o ancient_n or_o the_o modern_n and_o who_o have_v carry_v their_o inquiry_n further_a the_o first_o be_v a_o very_a proper_a question_n for_o a_o declamation_n though_o not_o so_o proper_a for_o a_o discourse_n wherein_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o reason_n severe_o because_o for_o want_v of_o medium_n whereon_o to_o found_v a_o argument_n it_o can_v easy_o be_v decide_v for_o though_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a way_n of_o judge_v of_o the_o comparative_a force_n of_o the_o genius_n of_o several_a man_n than_o by_o examine_v the_o respective_a beauty_n or_o subtlety_n of_o their_o performance_n yet_o the_o good_a fortune_n of_o appear_v first_o add_v to_o the_o misfortune_n of_o want_v a_o guide_n give_v the_o first_o comer_n so_o great_a a_o advantage_n that_o though_o for_o instance_n the_o fairy_n queen_n or_o paradise_n lose_v may_v be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o be_v better_a poem_n than_o the_o ilia_n yet_o the_o same_o person_n will_v not_o say_v but_o that_o homer_n be_v a_o great_a genius_n than_o either_o spencer_n or_o milton_n and_o beside_o when_o man_n judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o a_o inventor_n genius_n bare_o by_o the_o subtlety_n and_o curiosity_n of_o his_o invention_n they_o may_v be_v very_o liable_a to_o mistake_v in_o their_o judgement_n unless_o they_o know_v and_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v of_o the_o easiness_n or_o difficulty_n of_o those_o method_n or_o ratiocination_n by_o which_o these_o man_n arrive_v at_o and_o perfect_v these_o their_o invention_n which_o with_o due_a allowance_n be_v equal_o applicable_a to_o any_o performance_n in_o matter_n of_o learning_n of_o any_o sort_n it_o will_v however_o be_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o those_o who_o be_v concern_v for_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o age_n in_o which_o they_o live_v if_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o as_o there_o be_v some_o part_n of_o real_a and_o useful_a knowledge_n wherein_o not_o only_o great_a strictness_n of_o reason_v but_o force_v and_o extent_n of_o thought_n be_v require_v thorough_o to_o comprehend_v what_o be_v already_o invent_v much_o more_o to_o make_v any_o considerable_a improvement_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o dispute_n of_o the_o strength_n of_o such_o man_n understanding_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v such_o improvement_n so_o in_o those_o very_a thing_n such_o and_o so_o great_a discovery_n have_v be_v make_v as_o will_v oblige_v impartial_a judge_n to_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v no_o probability_n that_o the_o world_n decay_v in_o vigour_n and_o strength_n if_o according_a to_o sir_n william_n temple_n hypothesis_n we_o take_v our_o estimate_n from_o the_o measure_n of_o those_o man_n part_n who_o have_v make_v these_o advancement_n in_o these_o late_a year_n especial_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v find_v that_o the_o ancient_n take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o pain_n upon_o these_o very_a subject_n and_o have_v able_a master_n to_o instruct_v they_o at_o their_o first_o set_v out_o and_o second_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v that_o there_o be_v other_o curious_a and_o useful_a part_n of_o knowledge_n wherein_o the_o ancient_n have_v equal_a opportunity_n of_o advance_v and_o pursue_v their_o inquiry_n with_o as_o much_o facility_n as_o the_o modern_n which_o be_v either_o slight_o pass_v over_o or_o whole_o neglect_v if_o we_o set_v the_o labour_n of_o some_o few_o man_n aside_o and_o last_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v prove_v that_o by_o some_o great_a and_o happy_a invention_n whole_o unknown_a to_o former_a age_n new_a and_o spacious_a field_n of_o knowledge_n have_v be_v discover_v and_o pursuant_n to_o those_o discovery_n have_v be_v view_v and_o search_v into_o with_o all_o the_o care_n and_o exactness_n which_o such_o noble_a theory_n require_v if_o these_o three_o thing_n shall_v be_v do_v both_o question_n will_v be_v at_o once_o resolve_v and_o sir_n william_n temple_n will_v see_v that_o the_o modern_n have_v do_v something_o more_o than_o copy_n from_o their_o teacher_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o make_v all_o those_o melancholy_a reflection_n upon_o 56._o the_o sufficiency_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o present_a age_n which_o he_o move_v with_o a_o just_a resentment_n and_o indignation_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o bestow_v upon_o they_o how_o far_o these_o thing_n can_v or_o can_v be_v prove_v shall_v be_v my_o business_n in_o these_o follow_a paper_n to_o inquire_v but_o first_o of_o those_o thing_n wherein_o if_o the_o ancient_n have_v so_o far_o excel_v as_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o perfection_n it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o they_o do_v it_o because_o they_o be_v bear_v before_o we_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o moral_a and_o political_a knowledge_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_n i_o have_v often_o think_v that_o there_o can_v not_o be_v a_o pleasant_a entertainment_n to_o a_o inquisitive_a man_n than_o to_o run_v over_o the_o first_o thought_n