the nerue which is deepe and hollowe If the dolor bee vehement with heate vse oyle of roses mirtles and cidoniorum with a little vineger mixe all together and drop a little in the eare cattes water distilled is good as saith Quersitanus If it tend to suppuration handle it as other apostumes The fifth Chapter of the Tumor that commeth behinde the eares called Parotides NAture hath placed by the rootes of the eares certaine little glands to the ende they may receiue the vennemous matter deposed by the braines Parotides is an inâ—â—amation or apostume of the glands behind the eares The cause is the humor which easily descendeth from the head partly because nature hath ordeined them for receptacles as ye haue heard and by reason they are soft colde and the passages large that bring the humor Sometime the cause commeth of the whole bodie like as in crise of feuer it may come of any one of the foure humors or all mixed together which may easily be knowne by the accidents The signes are tumor dolor vehement feuer pulsation with such other as yee haue heard in tumors The Iudgementes are that those by crisis without signe of maturation are euill and if it goe to the internall partes it is for the most part mortall as saith Auicen The Cure generall is to vse clisters bleeding in the veine Cephalicke vsing good dyet eating thinges of light digestion not vaporous abstayning from strong drinke the particular remedies differ not from the cure of other apostumes except that we vse no repercussiues but onely maturatiues attractiues and anodiues and some digerents in the beginning like as oyle of lillies Iris camomill bitter almondes with sheepes wooll or a cataplasme of digerent hearbes It is best not to abide the perfect suppuration but so soone as may be to cause it open for by that meanes the venemous vapor doth dissippe the dolor ceaseth and nature doth more easily discharge It may bee opened by canter or lancet but beware of the nerue veine and arters for the great accidentes that happen Being openeed it must be cured by suppuratiues mundificatiues incarnatiues and desiccatiues as ye haue heard in others The sixt Chapter of the Tumors in the nose called Sarcoma Ozena and Polypus THe nose is a part of the bodie by the which the braines doth discharge the excrements in the which do chauÌ„ce three kindes of maladies yet not much different the first is called Sarcoma which is an excrescence of fleshe against nature the second is called Ozena which is most dangerous ill sauoured the third is called Polypus which differeth not froÌ„ Sarcoma sauing that it is not so great Polypus is a tumor which proceedeth of the bone ethomides and sticketh fast to it The cause is rotten humor thicke and viscous which commeth from the head The signes are manifest to the sight and by the narration of the sicke The Iudgementes are these that which is hard and blacke must not be touched that which is soft may bee healed if the excrescence be white and soft without dolor it is easie to heale if it be redde and browne with dolor it is very difficill if it occupie both sides of the nose either the sicke sleepeth with open mouth or else he suffoketh The cure is most diffâ—cill as I haue oft seene and better it were to vse remedies palliatiues then to aduenture any perfect cure yet the cure in so much as may be is by vniuersall remedies as purging and bleeding and in good dyet Fuchâ—ns counselleth to rubbe the head with such things as haue vertue to corroborate drie the braines The particular remedies shall be according to the Tumor which is sometime hard otherwhiles soft the soft must be taken away with instrument or canter or some causticke pouder as pouder vitrioll mercurie arsenit allom spuma aeris atramentum sutorium ye may mixe any of these pouders with some vngueÌ„t anodine or honey vse deâ—ensiues for the inflamation vnguent pompholigs with a little balaust is good Also this water Rec. bolaustiorum corticis malorum granatorum an lib. 1. gelangae caudae equinae linguae passerinae et herâ—iariae an manip di radic bis tortae 4. vnc sumitatuÌ„ piri siluest manip di contundantur simul distilleutur fiaâ—â—aqua de qua frequenter abluat nares adde to it a little Allum If eyther this or the other which is harde degender into an vlcer cancrous touch it not but vse such remedies as ye shal heare in the vlcer Cancrons The seauenth Chapter of the tumor in the mouth called Vunla or Columella THe mouth as sayth Gordon is the instrument of voice in beastes and speaking in men in the which happen diuers grieuous and dangerous passions but we wil intreat of those which are moste daungerous beginning with Vunla which is called in our tongue the pap of the mouth Nature being prouident that nothing should offend hath placed in the roufe of the mouth this little peece of fleshe for diuers reasons first that we may pronounce and sâ—eake clearer for which cause it is called plectrum vocis also that the aire enter not in the trachearter till the force and impetuositie of the cold be corrected for we see in those who waÌ„t it haue both deformity of speach refrigiratioÌ„ on the lightes Vunla is an inflamation or aposthume either in forme long and is called Columella that is like a piller or like vnto the vine berrie called Vua The cause is eyther interne or externe the interne are hot humors which come from the head and cause an inflamation also asceÌ„ding from the stomacke as happeneth in rotten feuers in like manner of abundance of blood The cause externe is cold Cough excessiue eating and drinking at vnacostomed howers chiefly at night The signes are manifest to the sight chiefly in pressing downe the tongue accompanyed with dolor and feuer paine to swallow any thing the sick thinketh that he hath alwayes something in his mouth The iudgmentes are that sometime it falleth so much that it filleth vp the whole throate so the sick suffofoketh in case it be not quickely cutte if it be cutte altogether the patient waxeth dumbe or at least speaketh so as he may not be vnderstoode and his drinke doth auoyde by the nose which accidents I did see in a Chanon of S. Honorie in Paris who was my patient The Cure consisteth first in the forme of dyet tending to colde and drie vsing meates of light digestion drinking no strong not fumie drinke often vsing of clisters and bleeding in both the armes if ye perceiue plenitude ventouses on the shoulders and opening the head with scaâ—rifications frictions on the necke opening of the veines vnder the toungue The particular remedies shall onely be plantaine rose or common water with a little vineger
perceiue by the authorities of Arist who saith the motion and perturbations of the minde bringeth great motions and mutations to the naturall heate In like maner Hipocrates and Galen shew that many die by the motions and perturbations of the minde for the perturbations of the minde either dâ—lateth or comprimeth the hart for the which the vitall spirites are either cast foorth by the dilatation of the heart or else contained by the great compression hereof among the which ioy hope loue bringeth the spirites outwardly sadnes and feare bringeth inwardly to the center in diuers maners as ye shal heare CO. How many such passions are there LO There are manye but here I will reckon those which are most common like as mirth sadnes feare anger shamefastnes enuie hatred hope loue CO. What is mirth LO It is an affection of the mind conceiued of a thing good and pleasant by the which the blood and spirits are sweetely spread for the present goodnes by the dilatation of the heart if it be great and last any space there often commeth death because the heart is destitute altogether of blood Arist reporteth of a woman named Policriâ—a that shee dyed for ioy alsoâ— Phillippides a writer of comedies being contending with an other and ouercomming his neighbour beyond his expectation dyed for ioy Valerius Maximus wrâ—teth of two women one Chiloâ— a Lacidemonian and Diagore a Rhodian that they dyed for ioy for the returne of their sonnes as also because they had ouercome their enemies in the warrs Gellius telleth of one Diagoras who when hee saw his three Sonnes Crowned at Olympus for their vertue dyed for ioy embracing them in the presence of the whole people These accidents happen oftner to women then to men because naturally they haue the hart more cold and fewer vitall spirites therefore the few spirits dissipateth soone and so dye In like manner faintharted men yet ioy moderatly vsed doth many good thinges in vs fiâ—st it refussitateth the spirit it helpeth the concoction and all the habitude of the bodie it fortifieth the vertues animall much laughing is hurtfull to young children CO. What is sadnesse LO It is an affection that reuoketh the naturall heat inwardly toward the center of the body but at great leisure it presseth the heart and drieth vp the bodie that hardly the spirit vitall can gouerne as before or if any be it is so feeble that it can not goe with the blood through the rest of the body so consumeth the body it becommeth atrophie and leane and causeth death Cicero writeth saying it were great good among men to liue without eating or drinking but it were a greater good if men could liue without melancholie because the meate we eate doth but corrupt the humors of our bodie but sadnesse and melancholie doth consume both flesh bones also gnaweth the entrailes of the which diuers die Plinie saith that one Petrus Rutillius after he knewe that his father had a repulse of his petitions died for sadnesse Also Marcus Lepidus after his wife was diuorced from him dyed In like manner Hely high Priest of the Iewes and diuers other which were too long to repeate Also Antonius Boneuenus de abditis morborum causâ—s sayeth of a boy that dyed for feare by seeing of two men cladde in blacke in going to the stoole and so dyed 8. dayes after about the same houre as doe the most part CO. What is feare LO It is a motion that reuoketh the spirite to the center to the heart by the arters suddenly which suffocateth the naturall vitall heat it causeth trembling sometime the bellie looseth and death ensueth so I finde that feare maketh the same accidents that melancholie doth but grreater in short time it draweth the bloud and spirits to the heart the visage groweth pale the extremities cold with vniuersall trembling the voice is intercepted with great palpitation of the heart it being suffocated by the great aboundance of the bloud and spirites that it can not moue liberally Galen saith this passion hapneth oft to women and people of colde temperature Zenophon assureth that the great torments of feare is more vehement theÌ„ all present aduersities Diuers learned men haue affirmed that men haue growen white in 25. yeeres onely by the apprehensioÌ„ feare of death CO. What is anger LO It is a suddaine reuocation of the spirits to the externall parts with an appetite of reuenge or it is an ardent heat or ebulâ—sion of bloud done in the heart with desire of vengeance whereof come euill accidentes this inflameth the whole habitude of the body causeth feuer because by the inflamation of the heart the spirit and bloud are troubled likewise the braines and nerues of the which commeth Frenzie and diuers other accidents it bindeth the heart lightes CO. What is shamefastnesse LO It is a mouement of our body next to anger by the which one knowing and suspecting his owne fault would be angrie with himselfe seeing the iudgement of others in this passion the bloud returneth in suddeinly out so the cheekes become redsome dye Plinie saith that one Diodorus professor of Dialecticke hauing propounded to him a question and not answering it as he should dyed for shame Valerius maximus reporteth of Homere that he died for shame because he coulde not resolue a question propounded to him by fishers CO. What is Enuie LO It is a triste oppression of the heart angrie at the felicitie of some other man CO. What is hatred LO It is an old habitude malicious bredde of anger by the which the heart would reuenge the iniurie CO. What is hope LO It is a motion by the which the heart desireth the good future it openeth and dilateth it like as ioy for the present good CO. What is loue LO It is a feruent motion by the which the heart desireth ardently endeuoureth to draw to it a good assured and apparent not much different froÌ„ hope except the loue is more ardent The third Treatise of things altogether contrary to our nature which containeth three Chapters CO. Wee haue discoursed sufficiently of naturall things whereof our body is composed as also of vnnaturall things which may alter our bodies not being duely vsed here we intend to speake of thinge which are altogether contrarie to our nature and destroy it for the which cause Galen calleth them thinges contrarie to nature therefore let me know what things those are which are altogether contrarie to our nature how many they are in number LO They are three Maladie Cause of maladie and Accidents of maladie The first Chapter of Maladie CO. Seeing thou sayest that the first of the three thinges contrarie to nature is Maladie then tell me the definition thereof LO It is a disposition against nature that hurteth manifestly the operations of the bodie CO. Then tell mee what is health LO It is a constitution
according to nature which maketh the actions of our bodie perfect CO. How many kinds of maladies are there LO Three to wit Intemperiâ— Euill confirmation and Solution of contiâ—â—â—nitie CO. What is Intemperie LO It is a maladie in the similar partes digressing from the owne temperature CO. Howe many wayes is that done LO Two wayes to wit eitheâ— by the simple intemperie by the aboundance of a humor onely as colde hot moist or drie CO. What is Euill confirmation LO It is a vice in the partes organicks eyther in the figure magnitude or scituation as for example that which should be naturally right is oblique so forth as if a part were augmented or diminished contrarie to nature in like maÌ„ner in the number of partes as if a man had sixe fingers or foure also in the scituation or collection as if partes naturally ioyned were disioyned as happeneth in dislocations CO. Which is the third kind of maladie Lo. Solution of contiâ—â—itie both in the similar and organicke parts which hath diuers names according to the varietie of the partes where they are The second Chapter Of the cause of Maladie CO. What is the cause of Maladie LO It is some affection which maketh sickenesse of the which some are externes some internes CO. Which are the externes LO They are called procatarticks or primitiues as strokes falles shot and such like or euill nourriâ—â—r CO. Which are the internes LO They are two to wit anticedents and coniunct CO. Which are the causes antecedents LO Euill humors in the body CO. Which are the causes coniunct LO It is that which maketh the sicknes presently and is alwayes with the sicknes and where the sicknes is not it is absent CO. Howe commeth the cause of maladie LO There are some we haue from the Mothers wombe and from the parents which wee call maladies heriditaries some doe ingender after our birth as by the regiment of life strokes and falles as you haue heard The third Chapter of accidents and Symptomes CO. What is accident or Symptome LO Galen sayth that symptome is any thinge that chaunceth to man by nature so the causes interne of sicknesses may bee called Symtomes CO. How many kinde of Symptomes are there LO Three to wit the first is when the action is offended which may be done three waies that is eyther abolished diminished or deprauated as for example in blindnes the sight is abolished dimished as suffocation as happeneth in the beginning of Catarack deprauated as for a certaine time as in changing the simple affection of our body or the whole habitude from one extremitie to another as the naturall heate into inflamatioÌ„ the scabs of the flesh into leprosie the third is in the vice of the excremeÌ„ts by immoderat retention or expulsion as the Hemorhoides the purgations of women the vrines these or any of these retayned or euacuated ouermuch maketh great accidents and so we end this treatise THE FOVRTH TREATISE OF tumors or aposthumes against nature in generall which contaynes XIII Chapters Written by Peter Low arellian Doctor in Chirurgerie and Chirurgian ordinarie to the King of France and Nauair Of tumors in generall Chapter 1 Of Phlegmon Chapter 2 Of furuncle Chapter 3 Of Anthraâ— or Carbunele Chapteâ— 4 Of gangrene or hâ—stiomen Chapter 5 Of Sphasell Chapter 6 Of tumors bilions Chapter 7 Of Herpes Chapter 8 Of tumors petuitoâ—s Chapter 9 Of flatâ—ons tumors Chapter 10 Of â—â—heorâ—ma steâ—tema mellericeris Chapter 11 Of melancholicke tumors Chapter 12 Of Cancer Chapter 13 The first Chapter of the causes signes and curation of Aposthumes in generall COinteret Now it is neceslarie wee come to the exercise of Chirurgerie for the more sure vnderstanding of the same wherein wee will begin at tumors er aposthumes against nature demaunding first of you what is an aposthume LO It is a disease composed of three diuers maladies to wit euill coÌ„plexioÌ„ in the similar parts euill composition or constitutioÌ„ in the instrumeÌ„tall parts dissolutioÌ„ of coÌ„tinuity in both similar instrumentall parts offeÌ„ding the actioÌ„s of the meÌ„ber where it is CO. What is the cause of Apostumes LO Some are generals and some are specials CO. Which is the generall cause LO Either fluxion or congestion CO. What is fluxion It is a mouing of the humors of the body to some certaine part the which either by the quantitie or qualitie or both together may not be receyued by the parte without offence CO. Which are the causes of fluxion LO They are double to witte eyther in the parte or partes that sende or in the parte or partes that receiue CO. Howe is the fluxion made in the part that sendeth LO When the facultie retentiue of the part is ouercharged with humors which offend either in quantitie qualitie or both for then the part dischargeth it selfe by the vertue expultrix chiefly when it is strong also when the parte that sendeth hath connexion with the part that receiueth or when the patt that receiueth is inferior to the part that sendeth or if the said partes haue any sympathie togâ—â—her as the stomacke with the braine CO. Which are the causes in the partes that receyue LO They are diuers as weaknes not hauing force to repell or driue them elsewhere the vesselles and conduites large where the matter doth passe or else because it is soft in substance and so easie to receiue sometime for the dolor which maketh attraction of the matter from the partes neare to it or great heate which draweth and prouoketh fluxion CO. What is congestion LO It is a masse of matter contrarie to the nature ingendred of the superfluities of the thirde concoction of the aliment and foode which are distributed for the nouriture of the parts of the bodie which chauÌ„ceth when the aliment is not so digested as it may well be appropriated to the part which shoulde be nourished CO. Which are the causes of congestion LO They are either imbecillitie of the facultie concoctrix of the part that it can not digest that which is sent to it by nature for the nouriture of it or imbecillitie of the facultie expultrix that can not expell the superfluities that resteth commonly in the partes CO. By what meanes knowe you the tumors made by fluxion and congestion LO The tumors made by fluxions are with great dolor rednes pulsation and make the degrees faster than the other which are done by congestion Those which are done by congestion gâ—owe little and little and doe diminish in like manner when they come to their declination CO. Which are the speciall causes of aposthumes LO Three to wit primitiue antecedent and coniunct CO. Which are the primitiue causes LO They are external causes as falles strokes and other externall violences which moue the humors of our body also great heate of the aire or meate or drinke taken ouer hot or ouer cold CO. which are the causes antecedent LO They are internall not knowne
roses and mirtlâ—es a little myrhe and aristolochia washing often the sore with oximell If neede require to vse more strong remedies take egipciac and mixe therewith a little arsenic or orpiment and put in the scarrifications which remedies must bee vsed with good iudgement noting where the gangren ceaseth The furie of the maladie being past cause the scarre to fall with honey butter and yolkes of egges If none of these preuaile but that the gangren becometh in sphasell we must vse the like cure as in sphasell for the safetie of the rest of the bodie The sixt Chapter of Sphasell VVEE must heere consider the differences betweene Gangren Sphasell for Gangren is the Latin word and is a mortification of all the partes where it hapneth sauing the bones and is cureable but Sphasell or â—â—deration is a mortification both of soft and solide partes and is no wayes remedied but by amputation it is called the fire of S. Anthonie or S. Martiall The cause is as you haue heard in Gangren ioyned with an euill disposition of the bodie and an humor venemous which commonly corrupteth the bone afore it make any externall showe sometime it proceedeth of olde vlcers that haue bene long orpressed with rotten matter and so corrupteth the bone causeth mortification also biting of vipers mad dogges The signes are these the member waxeth blacke as it were burnt afterwardes rotten which in shorte time ouercommeth the whole bodie the skinne doth come froÌ„ the fleshe The Iudgementes are that it is for the most part incureable and the patient dieth in a colde sweat The cure in so much as may be consisteth onely in amputation of the member which shall bee done in this manner for the friendes must first be aduertised of the danger because often death ensueth as you haue heard either for apprehension weakensse or fluxe of bloud For this cause the learned Celsus calleth it a miserable remedie yet we vse it by reason in so doing there is some hope and in not vsing of it there is none but sodaine death for better it is to loose one member then the whole bodie After this wee must apply on the place of amputation for there is diuersitie of opinions Hippocrates and some others counsell to cutte in the ioynte for it is more easie to be done and also the marrow is not discouered as in other partes and the fluxe of bloud is not so great Others thinke it best to cut foure inches from the ioynt either aboue or vnder according to the putrifaction which is both more easie and sure then in the ioynt For these and sundry other circumstances I aduise to cut foure inches from the ioynt in all amputacions sauing onely if the mortification or riuing of the bone end in the ioynt theÌ„ it may be cut in the ioynt chiefly in the knees but wheresoeuer you make your amputacion remember to cut rather a little of the whole then to leaue any of the infected for if any remaine it infecteth the rest and so requireth newe amputacion The place of amputacion noted we situate the sicke after a fitte maÌ„ner hauing respect both to the nature and qualitie of the parte and to our owne commoditie then you shall haue two men to holde the patient next the Chirurgian shall commaund the sicke to bend and put out the member to the ende the skin veines arters may be the more lengthened that after the amputacion they be more apparent so be knitte or canterized That being done the Chirurgian shall pull vp the skin muscles as much as he can afterwardes he shall take a strong ribband and bind the member fast aboue the place two inches where the amputacion shall be The vse of this ribband is diuers first it holdeth the member hard that the instrumeÌ„t may cutte more surely secondly that the feeling of the whole part is stupified rendred insensible thirdly the fluxe of bloud is stayed by it fourthly it holdeth vp the skin and muscles which couer the bone after it is loosed and so maketh it more easie to heale The bandage thus made we cut the fleshe with a rasor or knife that is somewhat crooked like a hooke the flesh being cut to the bone it must be scraped with the backe of the saide knife made purposely for that effect to the ende the periost that couereth the bone be not painefull in cutting the bone otherwise it teareth with the sawe and causeth great dolor and also letteth the cutting This done sawe the bone being cut we loose the ligature and draw downe the skin to couer the bone in all parts If there be great putrifactioÌ„ let it bleede a little for that dischargeth the part so is lesse subiect to inflamation then we put the extremities of the fingers on the orifices of the great veines and arters to stay them from bleeding till we either knit or canterize them one after another as shall be thought expedient Where there is putrifaction we stay the fluxe of bloud by canters actuall where there is no putrifaction nor malignitie of humor we vse the ligature The canter or actuall fire maketh a scale stayeth the bleeding draweth to it consumeth the malignitie virulencie of the humor which is in the part so in that point is better then knitting by reason that in knitting we loose much bloud and by drawing the veines bâ—â—ick decourbing or other instrument they doe breake also being knit doe often vnloose so I find the fire more expedient being done in this maâ—ner We must haue three or foure little instrumentes of iron crooked at the ende the point in forme of a button made red hot which wee take and apply on the veines one after another holding them a certaine space till the scale be made yet not burning much of the veine In amputacion without putrifaction I find the ligature more expedient being done thus first thou shalt holde thy fingers on the veines and in the other let one loose and take hold of it with thy beck de corbing or other meet instrument taking a little flesh with it then put through a needle with a stroÌ„g threed knit with a double knot tying a little of the flesh with the veine which will make it hold the better but if this slip as oft it happeneth yee shall doe in this manner first in putting through the needle begin in the vtter skinâ— an ynch aboue the wound by the side of the veine cause it come out a crosse in the wounde by the side of the veine yet lower down than the orifice thereof then put through your needle in the other side of the veine through the wounde cause it come out of the wound on the skin an inch broade from the place it went in then knit it hard putting a little peece of cloth doubled betwixt the two threads to the end the knot enter not
wash thy mouth therewith holding it a while therein Or this take barley plantaine shepheardes purse the barke of the pomegarnet of each one a little and seethe them in water putting thereto after it be strayned a little syrrop of violettes or roses and vse it as the former Or this pouder made of Allum balaust terra sigillata roses redde sugar mixed all together and put in a little instrument meete for that purpose to apply it to the sore the like may bee done with a little pepper and salte brayed together as also water of allom If by none of these the greatnesse doth diminish it must either be cutte with sheeres or burned with canâ—er actuall or consumed with causticke medicaments like as oyle of vâ—trioll strong water pouder of coters The best remedie which I haue found in this disease is cutting of it with the sheeres thereafter wash the mouth with oxicrate or some astringent water or redde wine mixed with allom water Sometime it tendeth to suppuration which if it happen cure it with gargarismes and such other remedies expedient for vlcers in these partes if all this fayleth haue recourse to the poore mans guide The eight Chapter of the Tumor of the of the Amigdalles called by the Greekes Parisâ—himia by Latines Tonsilla AT the roote of the tongue Nature hath placed two little glandes like vnto almondes for which cause they are called Amigdalles are there placed for diuers reasons but chiefely for receyuing the humiditie of the braines which if it fell onely on the toungue would trouble the speech and also that the toungue should be moistned with some humiditie otherwise it should become drie in speaking The Cause is great aboundance of viscous humiditie mordicant which commeth from the head drinking of strong and fumie drinke walking morning and euening when the dewe is fallen also great aboundance of bloud and sometime in children through the bitternesse of the milke The signes are euident to the sight chiefely in pressing downe the tongue The Iudgementes are dolor feuer accompanied with such inflamation which causeth the sicke to suffocke The Cure consisteth in good dyet eate little and of light digestion abstayne from all strong drinke as in other inflamations vse clisters bleeding in the arme as also the veines vnder the tongue vse ventouses and frictions on the necke gargarismes refrigeratiues and desiccatiues If it apostume as often happeneth it must be opened with a lancet if the Tumor doth so augment that the sicke is in danger to suffocke theÌ„ thou shalt make incision on the trachearter betwixt the thirde and fourth ring cutting onely the membrane that holdeth them together and not the proper substance of the cartilage so the ayre shall auoid put in a tente of siluer that is hollow into it till the inflamation be past thereafter close vp the wound This was practised by Andrew Scot one of the King of Scotlands Chirurgions in Paris most cuÌ„ningly To doe this operation thou shalt holde backeward the patients head lift vp the skinne with the hand and cutte it in length so the membrane shall bee discouered then make your incision with a Bistorie in the said place during which time vse externally medicamets about the necke that are made of barley flower lint seede and fenegrec with such like as shall be found most expedient according to the degree of the maladie It is good to vse this remedie which hath vertue to close the soft partes drie vp the pituitous humor which is fallen on the part and hath the vertue to soften the glands interne as also to loose and is thus made Rec. nidi hirundinis 3. vnc pulueris nucum cupressi 1. vnc rosarum 1. vnc se accipiantur cum oximelite fiat cataplasma This operation of incision is very dangerous if it bee not well made by reason of the fluxe of bloud which often doth happen as also for the nerues which passe that way I cured an apothecarie in Paris after this method and he healed sometime it degenereth into Schirre and then it must not be touched but by remedies palliatiues The ninth Chapter of the Tumor in the throat called by the Greeks Schinanch by Latines Angina or Strangulatio ANgina is an apostume or inflamation of the interior muscles of the throat whereof there are foure kindes the first is great inflamation in the throat the second is a humor contayned behinde the Amigdalles which hindereth swallowing sometime suffocketh the third is great tumor and inflamation toward the chinne both externally and internally the fourth kind is when the vertebres of the necke goe out of their place whereupon the tongue retireth froÌ„ the proper scituation with difficultie of breathing The cause is either great cold ayre vsage of colde drinke also it proceedeth of multitude of humors not of all the body but of the head and partes neere to it The Signes are difficultie of breathing feuer dolor in the throat The Iudgements are these if it come sodainly through a feuer without any apparance outwardly in the neck it is mortal The Cure consisteth in remedies vniuersall and particular the generall shall bee in ordering good fourme of life in the sixe vnnaturall things eate little drinke ptisan sleepe little vse clisters and some light purgations bleede in the veines cephalicks in both the armes also in the veines vnder the tongue The particuler remedies are to vse frictions ventouâ—es with scarifications on the shoulders application of hot bread to diuertise the humor with this liment on the neck vnguent refrigeratine oyle of camomill Lillies and violets with a little hennes greace therafter apply sheepes woll on it as it coÌ„meth froÌ„ the sheepe in the meane time gargarize the mouth with plantiue water vineger or whay or with this that followeth take barley plantine pimpernell chereuill and seeth altogether after the â—bullition put to it a little Diamoron or honey of Roses Diuers other remedies are set downe by Paulus Mesues Or this Re. aquae solani plantaginis caprifolij an lib. se aceti vnc se diamoron vnc 3. fiat gargarisma If it turn to suppuration vse this gargarisme take the rootes of mallowes and althea sorrell and lyn-seede of euerye one a little boyle it in Cowes milke putting thereto a little of the musilages of Psilion which thou shalt hold a certaine space in the mouth the matter being become to maturitie open it with a lancet thereafter this cleansing gargarisme composed of decoction of barley honey and sirupe of roses being cleansed ad to the said decoctioÌ„ a litle allum balanse and mirrhe sicatrize the wound All this time kepe good diet and abstaine froÌ„ womeÌ„ beware the matter take not the course to the lyghtes which is most dangerous If any bone or pycke bee in the throate ye shall vse the remedie set down in the poore
Scotland who is most skilfull in our Arte. The thirteenth Chapter of the tumor in the necke called Bruncoceli or Hernia gutturis THis Tumor which the Greekes call Broncon is rounde great ingendred of the humor Phlegmaticke betwix the trachearter and the skinne sometime occupying the most parte of the necke of the which there are diuers kindes according to the matter contained therein sometime like atâ—â—râ—ma other whiles like aâ—enfrisma The cause is not different from those that it is like vnto yet some are external some internal as coldayre drinking of euill water as those who dwell in Piemont who are much subiect because the most parte of their drinke is melted snowe also the retention of the purgations in women and great aboundance of the humor melancholicke The Signes are most euident to the sight The Iudgementes are that those that come by nature are incureable and those which are like aâ—eâ—frisma must not be touched those that are verie great aocompanied with veines are very dangerous in no wise to be touched those that are tractable must be opened by canter or lancet eschewing alwayes the veines The cure is like vnto atâ—â—râ—ma in the beginning it is good to apply a cake of leade rubbed with quicke siluer or the emplaister de vigo with mercurie and rubbing it with thy hand till it grow redde and vse things to prouoke spitting for the which it shall be expedient to vse fiue or sixe graines of the arabicke pouder in the meane time vse good dyet and thinges to cause loosenes of the bellie bleede in both armes if the maladie requireth Ye shall heare of this at more length in the Treatise of childe-birth by reason sometime it happeneth in time of trauailing The fourtenth Chapter of the tumor called Aneâ—â—risma ANeâ—â—isme is an tumor sofr to the touch the which is ingendred of bloode and spirrit vnder the skin and muscles which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodye chiefly in the neck for which cause we speake of it in this place The cause is eyther dilatation incision or ruption of the arter which often chaunceh to women in the time of their birth to water men and others who vse violent labour through crying or greate violence which dilateth the arter The signes are this tumor in pressing on it with thy finger thou shalt feele great pulsasion and the tumor of the same coulor as the rest of the skin it is soft in touch and yeildeth to the finger by reason the spirrit retireth into the arter and hauing taken away the finger it doth returne presently and in returning making a noyse by reason of the blood and spirit which returneth at a litle incision this happeneth when the Aneâ—frisme is done by Anâ—stomis that is being opened and cut When the arier is riuen as happeneth in women and those of great exercise there issueth foorth more abundance of blood thaÌ„ spirrit and is more harde than the other and maketh lesse noyse in retiring Those which are superficiall in the exterior partes as the head legges and armes may bee knit and are cureable those which are profunde and interior as in the brest as of happenth to those who sweate excessiuely of the Venerian sicknes also those in the neck vnder the armes and flanckes and where there is great dilatation of great arters are not cureable but death ensueth in few dayes If the tumor be opened the patient dieth presentlye this happeneth oftentimes by the vnskilfulnes of the Barbors and Apothecaries that meddle therewith and ruine a number of people through their ignorance as I haue often seene for such people esteeme all tumors that are soft to be opened as common Aposthumes In Paris 1590. there happened such a disease to one called Captane Tayle who was one of the chiefest Captaines amongst the Spaniardes on the right side of his neck for the which I as Chirurgian ordinarie to the regiment was sent for found that it should not be touched of which opinioÌ„ was also my companyon Andrew Scot a man verye expert in his art who was at that time in great practise at Paris and now ChirurgiaÌ„ to the King of Scotland I ordained remedies to let the encreasing of it which receipt of mine being sent to the Apothecarie he thought it not meete medicine for an aposthume as he termed it he sent for his brother the glorious Barbor who seing the Captaine found no difficultie but sware with great othes that he had charmes for al sotes and the Apothecarie sware that hee had salues for al sores so preseÌ„tly opened it with a lancet ro auoide the matter as they thought which being the spirrit bold came forth with such violence that the Captaine died preseÌ„tly I doubt not but that in these countries there be many such things coÌ„mitted by such ignoraÌ„ts so destroy many people I vse alwayes in such chiefly in the neck vnder the arms and in the paps these remedies that I prescribed to the Spaniard that is first to draw blod in both the arms next to apply on the sore cerat Galen or de bolo or this Ree pulueris suhtilissimi boli armenici sanguinis draconis myrtiloruÌ„ lapidis calaminarii in aceto extincti absinthei an vnc 1. cum cerato refrigeraÌ„tis Galeni quantuÌ„ sufficit fiat vnguentuÌ„ siue magdaleon For the same effect I vse a cake of lead rubbed with quicksiluer these things will hinder the growing for a time although it be nere the noble parts If it be in the extremities as legges or armes they may liue a long time by the vsage of the aforesaid remedies I knew a womaÌ„ in Paris who had one very gret in her thigh liued 10. yeres if it be litle and superficial I find no better thaÌ„ cataplasme made of claret wine with the crops leaues of cypres which I haue often vsed on the arme when the arter hath been opened in stead of the veine Otherwise I knitt them after this forme first I incise the skin long-wise next discouer the arter and being discouered I passe a needle with a double thread vnder it two inches aboue the incision or ruption of the arter and theÌ„ knitts it with a double knot voydes awaye the blood contained and cureth the wound according to the estate it is in The fiftenth chapter of tumors or aposthumes in the paps THe papps which are part is glandulous ordained by nature partly for the decoration of women and partly to be answerable to the 2. chaÌ„bers of the matrix are ordained for the generation of milk are subiect to diuers diseases as other parts of like substance here we wil only intreat of the aposthume which hapneth in them The cause is such as ye haue heard in other aposthumes and the retensioÌ„ of the purgations also abundaÌ„ce of thick and knotty milk The signes are such as ye haue
the fourth future incarnatiue done LO By little peeces of cloth as the breadth of the wound place requireth that is strong with the selfedge out in points like arrow heads the rest shal be couered with some astrigent and conglutinatiue emplaster as this take pouder of sangue Dragon true bol incence mastick Sâ—â—rocolla fine flower incorporaâ—e all with whites of egges and lay on both sides of the wouÌ„d with the aforesayde cloâ—h and the clothe bee further back than the lippes of the wound so the points shal be neare to the sayde lippes which being faste wee put a thread through these pointes till such time as wee see the lippes of the wound to close and knit the thread with double knot this is called drie future and is commonly done in the face and such places where wee desire the Cicatrice not to be seene CO. Howe doest thou the fift future in carnatiue LO With claspes of Iron sharp pointed and long which take the lippes of the wounde being put together and houlde them so this was vsed by some old practitioners but at this present it is not in vse as being dolorous exciteth inflamation fluxion CO. How is the second kinde of future generall done LO It is done after the manner that the Glouers sow there gloues but is neyther sure nor profitable for one point slipping the rest slippe also In like maner the blood which is retayned swelleth the part and falleth amongst the muscles which often doth rotte and gangren the part so it is better to knit the veines and arters or canterize theÌ„ which I haue done with good successe vsed by our auntients where there was great effusion of bloode in the veines and arters and nowe commonly vsed in the intestines and bladder and such oâ—her membranous parts CO. How is â—he third suture generall done LO As the rest but not so hard and is vsed to conserue the lippes of the wound being seperated and where there is great losse and dilaceration of flesh CO. What time appoint you to take away the pointes of your sutures LO According to the opinioÌ„ of Vigo in 6. or 8. daies yet in our ordinarie practise we limit no time for some conglutine sooner thaÌ„ others so when the part deuided beginneth to conglutinate assuredly we take out the stitches CO. Is there no other sort of sutures commonlye vsed LO There is a kind which Wee vse in the bellie called Gastroraphie of the which diuers haue written in diuers manners here I will set downe that which is sure and most easie in the wounds of the bellie First if the guttes come foorth they muste bee put in their place also the caule first knitting and cutting awaye that which is altered leauing the end of the ligator out at the wound that which falleth may be drawen out then thou shalt cause one to take both sides of the wounde in his hand then he shall discouer a little of the wound so make the first stitch of the needle at the extremitie of one side of the wound pearsing the skin and muscles not touching the peritone thereafter put the needle in the other side through the peritone muscles and skin then make an other stitch like to the first not touching the peritone then make the fourth point like the second pearcing peritone muscles and skin so continue it till it be all sowed taking the peritone on the one side and leauing it alwayes on the other CO. What is bandage or ligator LO It is a peece of cloth made long two or three elles and in breadth three or foure inches according to the member and hurt the cloth must be soft cleane without hem or seame and more slack in woundes than in fractors and of it there are diuers sorts for some are to contayne as in simple wounds some are to expell matter as we see in caue woundes some are defensiues to stay fluxion some to retayne the medicaments on the part as in the throat and bellie some are mortificatiue which we vse in legges or armes gangrened to cut them off The way how these bandages should be vsed are after diuers manners according as ye shall heare in their proper places hereafter CO. Which is the fourth point obserued in curing woundes LO To giue order to the accidents which are double to wit proper and accidentall CO. Which are proper LO Aposteme hemeragie and putrefaction CO. What is aposteme LO I haue set downe the definition signes difference and cure therof in the generall Chapter of Apostemes CO. What is hemâ—ragie LO It is an issuing of the blood in great abundance the veine or arter being cut riuen or corroded there is another flux of blood which sometime commeth at the nose and chaunceth often in dayes critick which should not be stayed vnlesse it be excessiue CO. How should the excessiue flux be stayed LO By things about on the place which coole agglinat drie by ligators caÌ„ters actuall such like as I shall set downe in the Chapter of wounds with flux of blood CO. What is putrefaction LO It is that which corrupteth letteth the spirit naturall heat in the member where through it becometh rotten putrified CO. What is the cause of this putrefaction LO Either corruption of the spirit vitall or els viscus and cold humors which stop the passage of the vital spirit some are causes primitiues as stroakes contusioÌ„ straight binding and such like CO. Which are the accidentall symptomes LO Euill complexion feuer dolor spasme paralise syncope and alienation CO. What is euill complexion LO It is an euill comixtion of the foure humors when one raigneth more than an other as was said in the first Treatise CO. What is Feuer LO It is an extraordinarie heate beginning in the heart sent through all the bodie with the spirit blood by the vâ—ines and arters CO. By what meanes is it cured LO It is distinguished according to the time cause nature which points belong to the Phisitian CO. What is Dolor LO It is a feeling of a thing which hath a contrarie qualitie in our bodies CO. What is the cause of Dolor LO Solution of continuitie or some sodaine alteratioÌ„ the accidents which come of it as also the cure is set downe in the generall chapter yet we will say somewhat of it at this present Al dolor maketh altracioÌ„ of humors blood which maketh inflaÌ„mation for the which fomeÌ„t the place with oyle of roses with the white of an egge if the Dollor be great stupifie the part with oyle of popie opium with mandrager also the root of solanum brayed and put with the same is good to mitigate the dolor as saith Galen if it be not appeased by these remedies it is a signe that the nerues are hurt for the which haue recourse to woundes in the nerues CO. what is spasme LO It a mnladie in
ligators frictions good regiment in vnnaturall thinges thirdly in vsing particular remedies first digestiues for such woundes must sodainly be brought to suppuration for the which vse this cataplasme of mallowes violets althea sodden in fresh broth putting to it a little barley flowre butter basilicon and the yolkes of egges with a digestiue or this Take waxe turpentine calues grease goose grease honney mirrhe and oyle of roses mingle all together To appease the dolor vse oyle of camomill roses lillies mirtles oxyrodin and bol armenie The fourth intention is in correcting of the accidentes as dolor apostume gangren for the which vse such remedies as yee haue heard in the seconde Treatise The wound suppured and the accidentes corriged it must be cleansed with honney of roses and turpentine mundificatiue de appio apostolorum and such like as yee shall heare in the introductioÌ„ to Chirurgerie in the pooremaÌ„s guide Being cleansed wee vse incarnatiues and desiccatiues as was set downe in the former Chapter The fifth Chapter of woundes done by gunshot I Haue spoken of simple compound and contused woundes nowe will I intreat of woundes with dilaceration and losse of soft and hard partes and is made by diuers sortes of instrumentes as bulleâ—tes of lead iron steele brasse stones and other such like matter in diuers figures as round triangular quadrangular pointed flatte little and great which sometime penetrate sometime not whereof our auncientes haue made no mention except onely Celsus who telleth not with what instrument they were shotte with therefore though some haue written of late yet because they are of diuers opinions and written in sundry languages I will shewe my opinion touching the same not making any mention of others who haue written of the same This kinde of woundes is accompanied with tumor dilaceration of flesh veines arters nerues tendous ligamentes and boanes superficiall profound otherwhiles through the bodie and according to the difference the Chirurgian must take his indication to diuersifie the remedie in like manner apostume dolor corruption of the partes gangrened and mortified through the great aboundance of bloud dispersed betwixte the muscles also for the dissipation of the naturall heate sometime one onely accident otherwhiles diuers together for the which we vse two curatiue intentions to wit restitution of such things as are lost and to conioyne the partes deuided These wouÌ„ds come indifferently to all parts of our bodie whereof there are diuers opinions some thinke that there is venenositie in the pouder and burning in the bullette which is false for the thinges whereof the pouder is ordinarily made as brimstone saltpeter coales of diuers sortes of trees water wine and aquauitae haue no venenositie in them likewise there is no burning in the bullet for if the bullette of lead beeing shotte a great way should burne through heat would be melted it selfe I haue cured diuers within these tenne yeeres of diuers nations which haue followed the warres in Fraunce in the which I haue found no more difficultie then in other contused woundes so I thinke these accidentes come onely by contusion and dilaceration of the flesh and not by any venenositie nor vstion yet there may be some extraordinarie mixtion in the pouder which causeth venome for the which we take some other indication acccording to the thing The Causes Signes differences and Iudgements are not much different from those of other woundes set downe and sufficiently discoursed in the generall Chapter as for the Cure there are fiue intentions first to draw the ball secondly to appease the dolor thirdly to cause suppuration fourthly in mundifiyng generation of flesh and consolidation fiftly in correction of the accidents As touching the first and second to draw out the bullet and appease the dolor I haue discoursed at length in the generall Chapter neuerthelesse because in these woundes there is vehement dolor which weakeneth the sicke hindereth nature causeth fluxion letteth suppuration and consumeth the flesh which is contused I will set downe things more particularly for the appeasing thereof in chaunging the temperature of the whole bodie in due vsage of the sixe vnnaturall thinges by purgations bleeding and abstayning from thinges which cause dolor as great tentes sections straight bandages wrong situation of the part incision vnlesse there be great neede The topicall remedies as cataplasmes with bread milke yolkes of egges and a little saffron also mallowes sodden and beaten with wheate flowre oyle of roses and hogges grease and saffron are good or this Rec. sanguinis draconis boli armenâ—ci an onc 1. pulueris rosarum et myrtillorum an onc di aceti onc 1. albumina ouorum quatuor olei rosacei quantum sufficit fiat vnguentum If there be great heat oyle of roses with whites of egges and vineger layde about and on the part is good Also cerat Galen or vnguent rosat mesne with bol armenie sanguinis draconis pouder of roses and myrtles If we feare inflamation which oft chaunceth till the seuenth day vse the same remedies and shift them twise or thrise a day The tentes shall be soft wette in turpentine with a little hypericon and aquauitae according to the nature of the part and vse this remedie hotte and continue it till the inflamation bee past let the sicke eate and drinke little that he ingender no superfluities Auicen couÌ„selleth to giue meate to the sicke onely for sustentation of nature abstayning from wine for it is enemie to al wounds drinke sodden water with sugar or honey or ptysane till the inflamation be past keepe rest and quietnesse abstayning from all actions of the spirrit watching and women according to the disposition and nature of the hurt Third intentions consisteth in medicameÌ„ts suuppuratiâ—es which must be done with speede to the end they be lesse subiect to inflammation vsing remedies which are of qualitie hot and dry with vertue to correct the putrefaction let the GangreÌ„ mortification of the parte there are of diuers formes the simples are made of oyle of HypericoÌ„ of eggs yolkes of egges lynit seede Lillies Turpentine Mirh such like or this Rec. tereb enthine onc 2. corticis thuris drag 1. mastichis drag 3. olei hypericonis et rosaruÌ„ an parum vitellum vnius oui fiat medicamentuÌ„ Or this which I most coÌ„monly vse of HypericoÌ„ Turpentine and yolks of egges or my balme which is excellent in all kindes of woundes made thus Rec. summitatuÌ„ et florum scrophularie et hyperico nis an quantuÌ„ volueris offiâ—glossi vel herbe carpentariâ—ruÌ„ et consoli dae regis an quantum volueris terebenthinae venetae quantum sufficit macerentur in sufficienti quantitate olei hypericonis insolentur omnia in sole calidissimo spatio 40. dierum in vase plumbeo vel vitreo duplicato posteo fiat fortis expressio seruetur liquor pro balsamo The fourth intention is to mundifie and regenerate that which is lost which must
and first I demaund what is an ulcer LO It is a solution of contimâ—tâ— made by erosion in diuers parts of the bodie out of the which procedeth a maâ—ter purulenâ— which hindereth the consolidation thereof CO. Are they not different LO Some differ in nature in substance in quantitie figure and accidents CO. How differ they in nature substance LO Some are simple in the flesh without any other indisposition as saith Galen or are composed with one or moâ— maladies as vlcers with intemperie corruption of the bone aposteme nodositie and diuers other accidents CO. How differ they in figure and quantitie LO Some are round long profound superficiall great and small CO. How differ they by accidents LO Some are putride dolorous fistulous cancrous some are inueterate some recent some in on member some in other places CO. How many causes are there of vlcers LO Three primitiue antecedent and coniunct CO. Which are the primiâ—â—tiues LO Contusion scratching heates applycation of sharp medicaments corrosion great cold that extinguisheth the the naturall heate chiefly in the extremities CO. Which are the causes antecedent LO Euill humors in the bodie which come of euill nouriture or euill disposition of the bodie or some part thereof chiefly the lyâ—er and milt CO. Howe are these humors causes of vlcers LO Partly by their euill qualitie partly through abundance thereof do spoyle open coâ—ode the most debill parts of our body not hauing force to resist such malignitie and so causeth vlcers CO Which are the coniunct causes LO The foresayd humors conioyned in the partes vlcered as also all other violent thinges that haue force to vlcerate the same part CO Which are the signes Lo. They are euident or are in the body are knowne by the dolor nature or the place accidents excrements such as you shall heare in the sixe kinds of proper vlcers CO. Which are those sixe kondes of vlcers LO The first is sanious 2. virulent 3. filthie 4. cancrous 5. putride or stinking 6. corrosiue or rotten awaye CO. Haue they no other names LO They haue fiue other names and first by the humors secoÌ„dly of the matter that coÌ„meth froÌ„ them thirdly of the accidentes fourthly of the sicknes fiftly by comparing them to the similitude of beastes CO. How take they their names by the humors LO Some are of the Phlegmatick humor and are called Phlegmaticks some by the blood and are called sanguinis by the choller chollerick and by melancholy melancholick CO. Howe take they the nemes of the matter LO Of the great abundance of sany or humidity it is called vlcer sanious of the pus purâ—lent of the sordidities it is called â—ordide of the virulence it is called viruleÌ„t CO. How take they their names of the acdents LO Of the hardnes called callositie it is hard and callous of the cauâ—â—ns of it it is called cauernous of the fistule it is called fistulate of the putrifaction putride of the corosion or malignitie of the matter corosiue of the cankers or hardnes turned ouer it called cancrous of the dolor dolorous of aposteme apostemus In all vlcers where any of these raigne they heale not till they be takeÌ„ away CO. What is callositie LO It is a drie flesh without dolor because it hath no veine to make it humide nor nerue to giue it feeling CO Howe is that called which commonly commeth from vlcers LO It is called sanie or matter CO. What is sanie LO It is a corruption of the part which nature cannot digest and make it to nourish the same CO. How many sortes of sanie is there LO Two to wit that which is commendable as it ought to be and that which is not CO. Which is commendable LO It is that which is white light equall in consisteÌ„ce neither thick thin nor euill tasted CO. Which is not commendable or euill sanie LO It is a corruptioÌ„ of the inâ—â—ument much altered through vnnaturall heate according to that alteration it produceth euill sanie CO. What call you pus LO It is a kinde of sanie made of the nouriture and superfluitie of the meÌ„ber tending to corruptioÌ„ by the alteratioÌ„ of the naturall heate debilitie of the member out of the which coÌ„meth a matter called virus sordities CO. Whot is virus Lo. It is that which is ingeÌ„dred of the most subtill and hotte parte of the pituitous humor which nature cannot digest for the great abundance thereof CO. What is it thou callest sordities LO It is a grosse matter ingendred of grosse humors CO. What callest thou durities or hardnesse LO It is a thing hard and solide not easie to bee corrupted which may come of three causes that is great heate congelation repletion CO. What callest thou fistula LO It is a profound vlcer hauing the entrie hard narrow deepe cauernous from the which proceedeth a matter virulent CO. What is putrefaction LO It is a chaunge of the substaunce of our whole body or of some parte thereof through an vnnaturall heate CO. What is the cause of putrefaction in our bodies LO It commeth either that the spirite animall is corrupted or cannot goe to the parte for colde heate apostume pustulles vlcers ambulatiues venenous also putting of oyles and such like in deepe vlcers doth corrupt the fleshe also too much vsing of refrigeratiues in hotte apostumes and ligators which intercept the spirite CO. How many sortes of putrefactions are there LO Three ro wit Gangren Estachiles and Histiomen CO. What is Gangren LO It is a putrefaction of the parte hauing yet feeling and differeth in that from others CO. What is Estâ—â—acheâ— LO It is a putrefaction of the member or parte thereof without feeling corrupting both flesh and boane CO. What is Hâ—stiomen LO It is a whole corruption of the member eating consuming the whole bodie away CO. What is Corrosion LO It is a consumption of the fleshe through the bitternesse and sharpenesse of the humor CO. What are the causes of Corrosion LO The malignitie of the fleshe the humor cholericke phlegmaticke salt admixed CO. What callest thou Cancer LO It is a maladie of a matter colde and drie being hotte by putrefaction hardnesse and other signes as ye shall heare in his proper Chapter CO. What are the Iudgementes LO There are diuers according to the accidentes that fall and first that vlcers remaining a yeere or more vncured make the boane vnder them altered rotten wheÌ„ such vlcers are whole there remaineth a cauitie in the part vlcered all vlcers that are euil colored blacke are esteemed malignes if any vlcer being filled vp ready to cicatrice begin sodainely to runne againe without manifest cause it is in danger to become fistulous Hippocrates saith that vlcers which haue no haire about them are vneasie to heale and cicatrice also those vlcers which come by reason of some maladie as hydropsie cachexie are hard to heale Hippocrates saith also if any
man haue an vlcer whether it be come to him before his sickenesse or in the sickenesse and the sicke die that vlcer shall bee before hee die drie blewe or pale The same Hippocrates saith also that those who haue vlcers accompanied with tumor doe neither fall in conuulsion rauing nor phrensie but if the tumor goe away without manifest cause if the vlcer be in the backe the sicke falleth in spasme if before in the bodie in rauing and phrensie if in the thorax before he falleth in empâ—â—m and pleurisie all vlcers accompanied with varices or inteÌ„perie and those also that haue the sides hard are difficill to heale all vlcers in the extremities of the muscles of the legges and armes are difficill and dangerous as also those which penetrate in the bodie such vlcers as chaunce in the extremities of the bodie as in the feete or handes make oft phlegmons or other tumors against nature and in crisis of a maladie are difficill CO. Which are those which are of easie curation LO Those which happen in bodies of good complexion in the which none of the foresaid accidentes doe happen CO. Which are the chiefe causes that hinder the healing of vlcers LO According to Galen the chiefe cause is want of good bloud to ingender flesh or else that it is euill either by quantitie or qualitie of it selfe also dolor intemperie apostume contusion erisipelas echymois superfluous flesh hardnesse callositie of the sides corruption of the boane varices hemoragie of bloud also roundnesse in figure for the which Hippocrates counselleth if the vlcer bee round to put on it an other forme Imbecillitie of the part vlcered indisposition of the lyuer or milte retention of the monethly course in women and of the hemerroihdes and also the applying of medicines vnmeete for such vlcers Many ignorant barbors faile herein thinking one kinde of emplaister to bee good for all sores in the which they are deceiued for hee that would cure vlcers must first take away the cause as also the impedimentes and accidentes otherwise he trauaileth in vaine as saith Paulus for the perfourmance whereof we must ordayne first good dyet secondly take away the cause antecedent to witte the humor which falleth which shall be done by purging bleeding according to the cause on the parte thirdly correct and heale the accidents and indispositions which accompanie the vlcer these thinges done hee may come to the curation hereof as shall be particularly set downe of euery kinde of vlcer in his proper place The second Chapter of Vlcers sanions and the Curation thereof AS in the former Chapter I haue spoken of Vlcers in generall of their difference cause signes and iudgements cure so now I will particularly intreat of them All Vlcers are either simple or composed with some other maladie the simple Vlcer requireth onely desiccation those which are composed and ioyned with some other accident except those accidentes be taken away cannot heale for the cure of the which there are foure Intentions first in the way of life which shall bee according to the strength of the sicke nature of the maladie aboundance of the humors in the bodie as if the humors be hotte and sharpe we ordaine colde thinges The second Intention is in diuerting and intercepting the matter antecedent which is done by purgations and bleeding if the strength permit also by frictions ligators application of emplaisters that haue the force to repell the matter The third Intention is in correcting the accidents ioyned with the vlcer as dolor tumor contusion excrescence of the flesh callositie of the lippes rottennesse of the boane varice and wormes First then wee must labor to take away the intemperie which shall be knowne by the colour of the member by the touching and feeling of the patient which sometime is hotte sometime colde which if it be drie wee remedie it by purgation and bleeding also if neede be foment the place with hotte water till it growe redde as counselleth Galen thereafter vse this vnguent made of mallowes sodden in water with a little hogges grease and honney mixed with nutritum ceratum galeni rosatum populeon incorporate with plantaine water morrell and housleeke If the Intemperie be humide vse vnguents that drie as pompholigos de plumbo cerusa allom water vnguent basilicon citrinum fuscum de althea or this fomentation of claret wine in the which hath beene sodden roses betonie wormewood roch allom If the Intemperie bee cold we foment the part onely with wine wherein wormewood hath beene sodden hyssope calamint rosemary vnguent basilicon de althea If the Intemperie be hotte we remedie it by water of plantaine solanum housleeke or vnguentum rubrificum cum camphora or cerat galen if there be dolor with vlcer which commeth of intemperie erosion of a subtill humor or solution of continuitie or plenitude of grosse humors or a flatuous spirite for the which take vnguent populeon oyle of yolkes of egges vnguentum album camphoratum with other such as are in tumors if the dolor be vehement we make a cataplasme narcotick of barly flowre oyle of roses henbane mandrager poppie all sodden in milk If the dolor be accompanied with tumor first looke to the cause of it thereafter ordayne the dyet straight and cold bleeding purging according to the nature of the humor with such particular remidies as ye haue heard in tumors The excrescence of the fleshe shal be taken away with caâ—ters rasors sheeres pouder of mercurâ—â— burnt allom â—â—â—stum squama aeris vnguentum aegiptiacum apostulorum vitrioli romani The hardnes is cured by Remollientes and Resoluentes as goose henns ducke and calues greace oyle of Lillies lumbricorum vulpinum muscilaginis of althea and fenigreci basilicon diachilon magnum de muscilaginibus thereafter scarifie as couÌ„selleth Auicen then put pouder of mercurie or cut it with a Rasor to the soft part If the vlcer become blacke and Red scarifie it and lette it bleede well and applye thinges drying If it bee accompanyed with Varice it must bee taken awaye as yee haue heard in the Chapter of Varix If there be rottensse in the bone yee shall haue recouse to the proper Chapter If there be wormes in the vlcer wee must consume the rottennes and humiditie they are ingendered of and kill them also take the decoction of Wormewood Agrimonie Centorie Calamint which is to wash the vlcers also in the eares fasting spittle is good for vlcers in the eares and make the Cicatrize well fauoured with the foresayde dococtioÌ„ wash the vlcers as also with Oyle of Wormwood the pouder Aloes mixed with the Oyle of Absynthe and a little waxe is verye good Millefolum taken the weight of one dramme in white Wine sleaeth the wormes in bellie also The fourth intention consisteth in healing of the places vlcered which shall bee doone in taking away the impediments as ye haue heard thereafter ciâ—atrize the vlcer with such
see in the ende of Sommer and Autumne great maladies and dangerous sometimes the plague as writeth Cardanus for it entreth into our bodies by the mouth and nose when we respire of the which often are ingendred maladies very difficill CO. Whereof proceedeth the varietie of the qualities of the ayre LO Of three thinges like as of Regions or Countries of windes and of the scituation of the place where we are CO Howe proceedeth the varietie of the ayre by Countries LO There are some which are euill tempered and others well tempered according to the Climate where they are scituated like as vnder the pole Articke and Antarticke the farre distant sunne beames which maketh the temperature extreame colde for the which it is inhabitable yet there are some habitables like as Scythia and other such Countries vnder the equinoctiall Lyne the intemperature is so extreame hotte because of the right reflexion of the Sunne especially betweene the circle Articke Cancer like as in the Antarticke and Capricorne the aire is more temperate chiefly in the middest according to the approaching of the Sunne as wee see in the foure seasons of the yeere Cardanus sayth that those Countries which are mountainous are most temperate and that a man may liue an hundreth yeeres in such places Plinie sayth that men beastes and trees are farre stronger and more barbarous in hillie partes then in other partes and that for their great libertie Those which dwell in lowe partes and valleyes are more effeminate as sayth Titus Liuius CO. Seeing the ayre is so necessary for the curation of malladies is there no way to alter and accommodate it by arte to the sicknesse LO Yes verily and for this cause Hippocrates counselleth in malladies cronickes to chaunge the ayre and countrie and in maladies commitialles to chaunge the ayre countrie and nouriture Galen counselleth those who haue vlcers in the lightes to dwell at Rome because there the ayre is very drye in common sickenesses wee helpe the ayre somewhat by Arte like as in feuers which are hotte and drie wee chuse a house which is colde and humide diuers windowes for the euentilation thereof or windes made by Arte also by casting colde water through the house by spreading and strawing of flowers and braunches of trees which are colde and humide like as violettes roses wilde vine berrie trees and such like also beware to haue many people in the chamber as counselleth Cardanus But when the sicknesses are cold and humide as feuers putrified catarres hydropises tumors pituitous wee chuse houses which are hotte and drie Also to spread and strawe flowers hearbes braunches of trees which are hotte and drie as cammomile sage lauander marierome spinnage and such like Vnder the signification of the ayre in this place wee vnderstand all manner of windes little and great the which is most necessarie to be considered because they doe not onely alter and chaunge the body but also the spirite It goeth by the nose to the braine by the mouth to the heart by the pores of the skinne and mouing of the arters thorough all the bodie it furnisheth the aliment to our spirites for this cause the diuine Hippocrates noteth that the good and euill disposition of our spirites and humours dependeth of the constitution of the ayre and windes For wee see where there is great trouble varietie of windes the people are arrogant difficill to be gouerned and very cruell CO. Seeing that of the winde these accidentes fall let me knowe what is Winde LO Hippocrates saith it is no other thing but an vnstable motion of the ayre the which beeing stirred by some motion it purgeth CO. What nature is it of LO It is hotte and drie like as it is made of an exhalation hotte and drie CO. Howe many diuers sortes of windes are there LO There are foure principall to wit Eurus from the East hot and drie Zephyrus from the West colde and humide Auster froÌ„ the South hot humide putrifactiue it passeth by the sea Mediterrane Boreas froÌ„ the North cold drie resisting against putrifaction Arist attributeth two collaterall to each of these foure so in all maketh 12. some make two and thirtie like as the Marriners but the exact contemplation of these matters is not much requisite in a Chirurgian Bodin saith in his common wealths that the winds make great varietie in vs for in countries where the wind is violent great the people are turbulent in spirite and there where the woundes are not so violent the people are of a more quiet spirit CO. What meane you by scituation or place LO I meane as to be scituated towards the sea stanks dubbs mosses and such as you haue heard also those who haue no other aspect but eyther to the South which is humide and putrifactiue or to the West which is cold and humide Also to be dwelling in ground which is fat the aire is hot and humide and in ground that is full of Sand hot and drie and in Marsh grounde and Fennes cold and humide or in Stonie grounde which is colde and drie Titus Liuius sayth that the places change the nature of our bodies as those which dwell in Mountaines differ from those which dwell in lowe places also sayth he those places and Countries which are fertill the men are ordinarily Cowards giuen to lust the Countries and places barren the people are more hardie and ingenious quicke spirited Arist sayth those that dwell in cold Regions are proude cruell and barbarous in their manners verie strong in hot countries they are wise and more fearefull those which dwell in low Marsh Countries are dull sleepie the which proceedeth of the disposition of the aire The second Chapter of meate and drinke CO. Seeing the aliment is no lesse to be coÌ„sidered for the preseruatioÌ„ of the health than the aire it is necessarie to know what is aliment with the diuers sorts thereof LO Aliment is that which augmenteth and nourisheth our bodiâ—â— CO. How many kinds of alimentes are there LO There are diuers sorts like as flesh fishes hearbes fruites corne drinke naturall artificiall condimentes simple and compound CO. Are they all vsed after one intention LO No they are of diuers natures and must bee vsed in diuers manners according to the temperature of the bodie as writeth Cardanus CO. What sort of norriture ought we to vse most commonly LO That which nourisheth well ingendreth good iuice of the which Galen his wryting in his bookes of the facultie of Aliments and in the booke of Conseruation of health as also Hipocrates in diuers places CO. In the vsing of Alimentes how many things are there to bee obserued LO Nine to wit the goodnes the quantitie the qualitie the vse and custome the appetite the order the hower the age and time of the yeare CO. First then we must consider that he who woulde haue his bodie entertayned in good health must vse meates
liquor appeasing the thirst mixting the meat in the stomacke CO. What is thirst LO It is an appetite of a thing colde and humide for the drinke doth humect and refresh either actualment presently or potentially to come Pline sayth hot drinke is contrary to nature we must not drinke so soone as we sit downe to the table for it moues and augmenteth the Catâ—ars also there is nothing more euill for Catâ—ars nor to drinke when we goe to sleepe Here we must obserue in drinking that we drinke neuer so much that it it swim in the stomacke as those doe who drinke for pleasure of whome Crinitus maketh mention saying that the first draught quencheth the thyrst the second maketh a man ioyous the thirde maketh him drunken the fourth putteth him cleane out of his senses Macrobius make mention that eating do make a man quiet and drink causes him clatter drinke moderatly taken hath three offices the first it helpeth the digestino the second is to mingle the meates third is to bring it to the Liuer veines and arters and there is two sorts of it the one norisheth like as wine beere and ale the other doth not nourish as water The thirde Chapter of mouing and exercise CO. What meane yau in this place by mouing LO All kinde of voluntarie exercise as labouring running ryding playing wresling leaping dauncing fencing CO. Doe these exercises bring any commoditie to our bodies LO In right vsing of them there commeth great commoditie and in ill vsing great and perilous accidentes Hipocrates sayth who desireth health let him not bee dull to labour for a man may not be healthfull if he trauell not to dissipate the excrements of the third digestion that is much recommeÌ„ded by Galen but he blames all exercise that moues the bodie vnequally CO. What particular commoditie baue wee of exercise LO It helpeth the naturall heate it quickneth the spirite it openeth the pores of our bodies wherby the excrements are consumed and wasted it comforteth all our members it confirmeth the inspiration and other actioÌ„s of our bodies CO. What time is most mete for exercise LO It is best before meate or long time after meate for the stomacke being full of meate it hindereth the digestion Fuchius reporteth that the Schollers of Almaine play immediatly after meate which causeth theÌ„ to full of humors crudities scabbs and vlcers Hypocrates sayth that labour meate drinke sleeping playing and women ought to be moderatly vsed like as all other exercises the exercise should be afore or long after meate as ye haue heard when the digestioÌ„ is perfect in the stomack and veines if otherwise it be vsed there gathereth abundance of crudities and chollâ—rick humors the exercise duly done purgeth the body of many excrements the exercise ought to be done in this manner after yee rise in the morning ye shall walke a little to the end that the excrements of the first digestion may fall into the intestinies and those of the second into the bladder that done spit out all in the mouth throate stomack wash the haÌ„ds face and rubbe it with a rough cloth to cause it to exhall and dissipe the vapours CO. What saist thou touching rest LO Like as exercise duly vsed hath great force for the coÌ„seruation of health so on the contrary much rest not only dulleth the principall instrumeÌ„ts of our bodies but also the minde it maketh many crudities and thereupon great abundance of euill humors Galen reckoneth idlenes to be cause of many cold maladies as also the Mother of many mischiefes the which were too loÌ„g to recite in this place The fourth Chapter of sleeping waking CO. What is sleepe LO Galen sayth it is a rest quietnes of the bodie and chiefly of the spirits and facultie animall CO. What is the cause of sleeping LO The chiefe cause is in the braines when the vapours ascendeth thervnto and by the coldnes of the braines those vapours are changed into humors the which closeth the conducts of the nerues CO. What things doth prouoke sleepe LO All such thinges as maketh abundance of vapors like as wine ale full of barme milke and all thinges that are moist and cold and commonly after meate vapors ascendeth to the head and so prouoke sleepe CO. Doe all men sleepe like quantitie LO That is according to the temperature of the person for some sleepe longer some shorter CO. What space is ordinarily required for men to sleepe LO Seauen howers eight howers some Nine as Galen saith Plinie sayth that in sleeping we spend the halfe of our time it dulleth the head it hindreth to digest the crudities it gathereth abundance of excrementes it hebeteth and maketh grosse the spirits of old folks and children it retyâ—â—â— the excremeÌ„ts in sleeping couer well they head feete for cold of the extremities is verye contrary to those that hath the brains cold humide Plinie in the 7. of his natural history said that Epimenides did sleepe in a caue the space of Fifty 7. yeare being wearied by the heate of the sunne yet when he wakened he thought to haue slept but on day CO. What time is most meete to sleepe LO Hyppocrates Aetius and others are of the opinion to walke on the day sleepe in the night for that is the institutioÌ„ of nature also the sleepe should begin two howers after supper such time is most meete for the digestion of our meates for by slepe the natural heate is in the ceÌ„ter of the body Sleeping on the day filleth the braines full of humidity also it hindereth the concoction of the which coÌ„meth ganting riâ—ting winds heauynesse of the members chiefly of the head diuers sicknesses as catarrhes Cardan couÌ„selleth to slepe in the day but meaneth of such folke that doth not rest in the night CO. WheÌ„ men goe to sleepe Which side shold they lie on LO First on the right side because the meate goe more easily to the bottoÌ„e of the stomack therafter on the other side no wayes on the face for that causeth defluxions in the eyes as saith Iesus nor on the backe for that maketh heate in the raines apoplexie the maire the grauell and diuers other accidents in no wise the handes vnder the head as some doe for that causeth defluxion of humors on the lightes sleepe not soone after meate CO What is to be obserued in sleeping of sicke folkes LO Hippocrates saith those sickenesses wherein the sleeping is painefull esteeme them to be dangerous mortal if not painefull it is a good token CO Is it needefull to obserue dreames in sleeping LO Cardan saith dreames are not to be neglected because sometime by that we know the affections of the humors which demaineth as for example the sanguine dreames are merrie the cholericke dreames are fierie the melancholicke sadde the phlegmaticke colde for they thinke they see raine and snowe in their sleepe CO.
What meanest thou by waking LO Waking should be moderatly vsed for much watching corrupteth the braines and the good temperature it debillitateth the senses altereth the spirites moueth crudities alterations heauinesse of the head resolution of all the bodie dissipateth the naturall heate Hippocrates saith that sleeping and waking if they be excessiue they are euill perillous so mediocritie is best in all things The cause of waking is drinesse heat of the braines it drieth the habitude of the body so much touching sleeping waking The fift Chapter of repletion euacuation CO. Thou shalt vnderstand that repletion plenitude aboundance is all one matter therefore I would knowe howe many kindes of repletion there is LO There are two to wit in quantitie and qualitie CO. What meane you by repletion in qualitie LO I meane when the qualitie of the meate exceeâ—eth without the humors CO What meane you by quantitie LO I meane when meat drinke and humors are in so great quantitie that nature cannot ouercome and it is called excesse or satietie of the which come infinite maladies CO. Howe many kindes are there hereof LO Two to wit the one of meate called Satietas of the Latins the other of the humors CO. Is satietie of meate otherwise deuided LO It is yet deuided in two to wit the one is called satietas ad vasa that is when the stomacke and veines are so full that it maketh them ouer large as happeneth to them who are alwayes eating and drinking in such quantitie that they are constrained to vomit it vp againe these people are more worthie to be called beasts then men for that not onely offendeth God but wracketh their owne bodies The other sort of plenitude is called satietas ad vires which is when there is so great aboundance that the vertue force nor faculties of our bodies can not gouerne nor digest CO. Tell mee what the qualitie of repletion of humors is LO It is when all the humors or one alone exceedeth demaineth such as are good and loweable CO. How callest thou it when all and when one onely demaineth LO When all it is called plethore by the Greekes and plenitudo by the Latins when onely one or all domene as the vitious domains it is called cacochynne or iuice vitious either of the choller phlegme or melancholie CO. What is euacuation or inanition LO It is an outdrawing and taking away of the humors which domains and molesteth our bodies which are euacuated either vniuersally or particularly CO. Which are the vniuersall euacuations LO Those which are done by purgation vrining bleeding vomiting scarrification exercise friction bathing medicaments digerents hemerhoides menstruous purgations also by the acte venerian in like manner by abstinence of meate but that is done by accident CO. Tell me after what manner the euacuation vniuersall is done LO By purgations and by medicamentes catartickes accommodated to euery kinde of humor by thinges diureticks by vomitors by thinges which prouoketh spitting and diuers others which I leaue to the learned mediciner Phlebotomie how it is done when and after what fashion ye shal heare at length in the sixt Treatise like as of frictions The bodie is euacuated by the immoderate act of Venus like as diuers other mischiefes ensueth thereupon and first of all it is hurtfull to the eies and all the organs sensitiues to the nerues the thorax the neirs and partes neare to the neirs and diuers other partes of our bodies and maketh men forgetfull prouoketh the goute dolors nephreticks diuers diseases of the bladder bringeth soone old age consequently death it doth hurt immoderatly vsed not onely to man but to all animals Pliny telleth of two that died sodainely in the acte venerian women are alwaies better disposed as saith Hippocrates Notwithstanding the Bishoppe of Illerden in Spayne in his booke intituled Consilium fraternitatis reporteth that in his time a woman complayned to the King of Arragone that her husband did knowe her 30. times a day and her husband confessing the same to the King was commaunded vpon paine of death not to haue companie with her aboue sixe times a day least the woman shoulde thereby be in danger of her life wherein saith hee wee are not so much to maruaile at the abilitie of the husband as at the complaint of his wife seeing the verse saith Et lassata viris nondum satiata recessit And also in the xxx Chapter of Solomons prouerbs Three thinges are insatiable and the fourth is neuer satisfied But because such as delight in this pastime will formalize as also because the vsage hereof is sometime profitable to the Chirurgian I will not altogether condemne it but like as I haue set downe the incommodities so shall you heare the commodities hereof according as some learned men haue written Paulus Aegineta saith the vsage of Venus moderatly vsed maketh the bodie more agill quicke it softneth the instruments being hard it openeth the coÌ„duits it purgeth the phlegme and is profitable for all passions phlegmaticks for heauines of the head it driueth away anger sadnesse melancholicke passions imaginations nocturnals it procureth appetite Aetius saith it is a worke of nature and so being moderatly vsed it is good if the parties be hot and humide it euacuateth the sperme for otherwise it shoulde become in some qualitie venimous so it deliuereth man of great euilles of the which Galen speaketh Hippocrates saith that the first act of Venus ceaseth many great sickenesses so these are the commodities of Venus moderatly vsed Abstinence also euacuateth the bodie both in sicke folke and whole but by accident as ye haue heard the which is done two waies the first when ye neither eat nor drinke at all and that is called abstinence secondly when we take meat but not so much as is needefull for conseruation of the vertue and that is properly called diet CO. Which are the particular euacuations LO When the braines are discharged by the rouse of the mouth and euidently by the nose by the eyes and eares obscurely the lightes by the trachearter the stomacke by vomiting the intestins by the fundament the lyuer the melt the kidneis and the bladder by the vrine the priuie partes of women by purgations naturall of the which some are done by the gift of nature some artificially if neede be as in others of the which ye shall heare at more leÌ„gth in my book of womens diseases The sixt Chapter of perturbations and passions of the minde CO. Arist Deuideth the minde into two partes to witte the part of reason the other without reason and it is subiect to diuers passions therefore tell me what thou callest passion of the minde LO It is a suffering of the minde by the iust course the which maketh maketh maruailous mutations in the body and therefore most necessary to be marked because of the great chaunces which ensue thereupon as we may
album cum camphora also the cataplasme of Barley flower Lyn-seede sodden in Hydromell or oxycrate putting to it a little pouder of Camomill and oyle of Roses remember that all these remedies must bee liquide often remoued and the place well cleansed that no thing remaine on it If it come to a bile or vlcer cure it as Herpes The eight Chapter of Herpes HErpes is a little vlcer accompanied with tumor which proceedeth of the pure bilious humor without mixture of any other humors It occupieth most commonly the extremities and outward partes of the skinne and is comprehended vnder erisipelas like as formica and impetigo which are called commonly chollericke pustulles There are three kindes of it the first is made of the thinne cholar which burneth onely the skinne and is called simply Herpes the second is made of a more thicke choler which vlcereth a great part of the skinne and is called Herpes depascens by reason that it eateth and consumeth the skinne the third kinde is made of choller and pituite together accompanied with some malignitie as commonly happeneth to those who are infected with the neapolitane disease and is called by our auncientes Herpes miliaris because the pustull is little like the graine called milium The pustulles haue diuers denominations some call them papula or eruptions pituiteous others call them ecthimâ—ta others call them apenthemata The cause signes differ not from those which ye haue heard in the precedent Chapter As for the cure it consisteth in three partes first in staying the fluxion by euacuation vniuersall and prouocation of vrine and good dyet as ye haue heard in erisipelas secondly in euacuating that which is in the place by such thinges as haue the vertue to discusse digerre and drie lightly and not humect as in erisâ—pelas Then in the beginning we shall vse vine leaues plantaine gooseberrie leaues arnoglosse putting thereto a litle barley flowre with some honie Furthermore the barke of the pomegarnet dissolued in wine with a little fine flowre made in forme of a cataplasme is good The third intention is in drying vp of the vlcer by reason that all vlcers whatsoeuer require deâ—â—cation by gentle medicaments excepting alwayes the maligne vlcers and in them we vse more shrong and mordicant remedies first we shall vse fomentations of roses and plantaine sodden in wine or water and an vnguent made of oyle of walnuttes and waxe thereafter washed in smithes water also the vnguent cerusse or this vnguent thus made Rec. vnguent populeonis cerat refrigentis Galeni cerussae an dram one dim litargyri 3. ounces olei rosacei 1. ounce malaxentur omnia simul et fiat vnguentum The other pustulles like as formica and impetigo be cured commonly by generall euacuations other defedations of the skinne which proceede of the humor melancholicke or chollericke are cured by vniuersall euacuations by sweating and bathing and by applying some vnguent on the part affected as vnguent enulat putting thereto sometime a little mercurie This vnguent is most excellent for this purpose as also for the itch which happeneth to young children Take elle campagne rootes and seethe them in the iuice of plantaine fumitorie yolkes of egges hogges grease or fresh butter being all mingled together put thereto a little brimstone well puluerized with oyle of hypericon so make an vnguent of good consistance The ninth Chapter of tumors which proceede of the pituite and first of Edema HAuing amply spoken of the two hot tumors as also of those which doc commonly come of them nowe in like manner we shall shew of the two colde humors the one ingendred of melancholie the other of phlegme or pituite Edema is a soft tumor without dolor white coloured Of it there are two sortes like as of phlegmon the one is the true naturall Edema ingendred of the pure phlegmaticke humor the other is bredde of the phlegme mixed with the other three humors taketh diuers names according to the principall humor as ye haue heard And like as there are two sortes of it so it may bee named two wayes to witte either maladie or symptome of maladie as happeneth in the feete of those which are hydropicke and haue bene long sicke which are accidents of these maladies and require no particular curation sauing onely rubbing of the part with oyle salt or water and salt or oxycrat in wetting a cloth therein laying on it The cause is a phlegmaticke vaporious fluxion of humors pituitous and flatuous in any part of the body as also imbecillitie of the part which can neither digest nor expell that which is contrarie also great idlenesse The tokens are these the tumor is soft colde in pressing on it with the fingers there remaineth a hole and riseth not againe it is cleare and not dolorous and happeneth oftenest in the weakest parts as in the ioynts and glandulles and in the extremities as in the face and feete in colde weather and in olde folkes or after maladies in people that are full of humors and make no exercise This tumor turneth seldome to matter except in hot places by reason the matter is cold it endeth often by resolution sometime it turneth to schirre or nodosities or some other kinde of cold abscesse and that by the great vsage of digestiues which make the matter waxe hard In the cure there are two pointes to be obserued first to diuert the fluxion by remedies that haue the vertue to cleanse the pituite humor as Diaphenicon Catholicon Diacartami agaric such like for the administration of the which you shall vse the counsell of rhe learned Physition also in dyet in the sixe vnnaturall thinges tending to heate and drought eate rosted meates rather then sodden but in little quantitie abstayne from all thinges that breede phlegme as fruites potages cheese fish hearbes water sadnesse and much sleepe drinke wine with little water and vse bread that is well baked vse things to corroborate the principall partes Abstaine from women espeacially if the sicke be weake yet wee finde the vsage of women to be good in maladies pituitous for that heateth and drieth vse sildome bleeding in this disease The second intention consisteth in taking away that which is in the place which is in the place which shall bee done according to the times and degrees of the tumor first we shall vse medicines repercussiues and discutients which shal be meane and not strong Galen doth much commend oxicrate in this case by reason the vineger repelleth by the colde vertue and resolueth by the drie vertue if it he not sufficient mixe with a fewe ashes of the oake tree sal nitre or quicke lyme also the emplaister di vigo or a fomentation of camomille melilot rosemary sage wormewood Origan hyssope redde roses of each one handfull one ounce and halfe an
ounce of salt and sulphure seethe them in smithes water with a little vineger and foment the part with a spounge or cloth For the same purpose you may make cataplasmes of the flowre of beanes and lentilles and branne sodden in vineger putting thereto a little of annise seedes mirtles or iris the emplaister of melilotus also is good Rogerius counselleth to take the iuyce of walwoortes and sorrell and marathum take of euery of them a reasonable quantitie and seethe them with the vnguent de althea honey oyle and butter make a cataplasme thereof If this tumor commeth to ripenesse cure it as other apostumes if it waxe hard and schirrus cure it as yee shall heare in the Chapter of Schirre The tenth Chapter of the waterie and windie tumors which depend of Edema YEe haue heard in our generall Chapter of diuers kinds of tumors phlegmatickes which pertaine to Edema whereof wee will speake hereafter beginning with the windie tumors which are nothing but certaine windes or inflations ingendred by a spirite thicke vaporous not of subtill substance aerious sometimes these winds are inclosed vnder the skin within the membranes which maketh distention sometime dolor according the part where it is They are sometime in the ventricle in the Puddings and in the capacitie betweene the puddings the peritoÌ„ as in Tympanies soundeth like a drum it is somtime dispersed amoÌ„gst the muscles this is properly inflation differing from Edema for in pressing with the fingers the print doth not remaine but the other kind approch neare to the nature of Edema which is the flatuosities dispersed in the muscles of other parts musculous The cause of this tumor is too much vsing of colde flatuous meates which ingender the humor Phlegmatick and causeth these windes also the cause may bee in the ventricle and puddings also in the obstruction and stratghtnesse of the passages and imbecilitie of the naturall heate as sayth Galen The signs are tumor softnes more cleare than Edema by pressing the fingers there remaineth no marke as in Edema by knocking on it it soundeth like a bladder full of winde and so in these points it differeth from Edema The cure shall consist in two poyntes first in diet which shal be hot and drie eate litle and of light digestion let your bread be of good wheate well baked and salted vse things too corroborat the naturall heat discusse the thick cold vapors and attenuat also to corroborat the ventricle with aromaticall thinges and electuaries as Dia calaminto aromatico gariophillato dia galinga rose such like Eate good flesh as mutton and veale rather rosted than sodden let the drinke be Claret or white wine The secoÌ„d consisteth in euacuatioÌ„ of the humor which is in the part by topical remedies which haue vertue to clarifie the skin to the end the vapours may passe out and are called discutientes or carmenâ—atiues as annis-seedes Isope fennell parsly baccaelauri Iuniper paritorie rosemarie camomill and mellilot oyle of Irin and Bayes of these wee may make cataplasmes fomentations lessiues according to our owne Iudgment also limments of Camomill and Rue Lillies and a little Aquauitae or the emplasters called baccae lauri oxycroci de vigo mixed together make an emplaster and lay to the sore Also a new spong wet in lexiue also lanra succida wet in wine and oyle if these windes make dolor as commonly wee see in the chollick passion first appease the dolor then euacuate the matter which shal be done according to the part habitude of the person and discretion of the learned Chirurgian Vse also clisters carmenatiues if the flatuosities bee in the intestines applie three or foure ventouses on the bellie The eleuenth Chapter of the tumors Phlegmaticks called Atheoroma Steotema and Mellericeris THese tumors are called commonly ecressences phlegmaticks by reason they procede of the humor phlegmatick yet they differ from the other tumor by reasoÌ„ they are in a membrane like little bagges they are also of a diuers strange sorts of matter of the which they take their names as Atheorema is also called because in it is coÌ„tayned a matter like gruell called by the Greekes Athera The Steotâ—ma is so called because in it is contayned a humor like Greace called by the Greekes Stear Mellericeris is so called because in it is contayned a matter both in coulor and consistence like honey called by the Greekes Meli and is hardest of them three to heale As for the other tumors as brâ—nco â—eli ganlion testudo and the residue we shal speke hereafter in the particuler tumors these tumors happen most commonly in places membranous where there is scarsitie of flesh as on the ioynts hands diuers partes of the face The cause is pimitiue antecedeÌ„t and coniunct the primitiue or first motiue strokes falles violent forces immoderate eating and drinking The antecedeÌ„t cause is abundaÌ„ce of humors chiefly of the phlegmatick vnnaturall engendred by euill diet the cause coniunct is the diuers kind of substance contaened in the part The signes are that they appeare by little and little without eyther dolor or president inflamation neuertheles by reason of the diuersitie of the substaÌ„ce contayned in them they haue diuers signes the Ateorema is long in figure in pressing on it it goeth in slowly and returneth not suddeÌ„ly it is soft without dolor the coulor of the skin vnnaturall in the which is found sometime with the matter haire sometimes bones and such like The signes of the Steotâ—ma are hardnes and if it goe in in pressing on it it returneth not easily it is large in the which is contayned with the accustomed matter bones cotten and such like of the which I fonde great quantitie in the knee of a Nun whom I cured in Paris of a Steotema The signes of melliceris are great softnes in touching cleare in pressing on it it goeth in easily and returneth easily and is rounde in figure and contayneth besides the matter accustomed a grauelly hard matter In the cure there is a simple intention to wit euacuatioÌ„ of the matter which is in the place and is done either by a launcet or cauter potentiall not euacuating all the matter at one time Here we must consider that those tumors are soÌ„etimes inserted with veines arters nerues and tendons which require great dextetie in the operarion In taking awaye of the bagge wherein the matter is contayned to the end yee offende not the former partes for better it were to leaue the operation by reason that oftentimes there commeth greate flux of blood as I haue seene chieflye on the temples The tumor being opened yee shall vse such medicaments for the cleansing thereof as yee haue heard in other tumors The matter euacuated wee must consume the whole membrane wherein it is inclosed otherwise it will returne we consume it with pouder of
Mercurie egiptiac or such like thereafter incarnate and close the wound as in others Some vse only resolutiues on these tumors but such things are both tedious and vncertaine The twelfth Chapter of tumors ingendred of the Melancholick humor called by the Latins atra bilis or nigra cholera and first of Schirre SEing we haue suffitiently spoken of tumors ingendered of the sanguine chollerick and pituitous humor now it resteth to speake of those which proceede of melancholy called tumor Schirrus by reason the Greeke word Schirr signifieth hardnes Schirre is a tumor hard with litle or no dolor or feeling whereof there are two kindes the one is called the true Schirre exquisite the other is falles The true is as ye haue head the false is altogether without feeling yet hardly may it bee perceiued There is an other sort of Schirre ingendred of a phlegmaÌ„tick thick tough matter and is composed of an humor thick and cold The cause is a cold drie humor either of matter melancholick phlegmatick or both for first when the blood is made in the liuer there is ingendred in it a malancholicke humor which is like the dreggs of wine which afterwards is drawen to the milt for the nouriture thereof specially by the vsage of such meates as are apt to make the same and the milt weake to draw the same then it goeth into the veines and is mingled with the blood which by there vertue expuitrix expell it by the Hemorrhoides or varices sometime disperseth it through the skin and breedeth the Morphew or Leprosie Sometime it is caste on the most weake partes and according to the place and qualities of the humor breedeth eyther Schirre or Cancer If it bee cast on any drie part as ligamentes tendons ioyntes ends of the muscles or in the milt kidneis lyuer or matrix it causeth Schir If it bee cast on the softe partes as partes glandules as the pappes the emunctoires and face and the priuie partes it maketh cancer The cause also maye bee sadnesse suppression of the Hemorrhoides and menstruous purgations also by too much applying of cold medicines on tumors as erisipelas or phlegmon for by that meanes the most subtill doth resolue and the rest doth become hard The signes are these the tumor is hard and groweth slowly of colour liuide when it commeth of melancholie when of phlegme it is white and when of both humors together it is of a mixed colour as liuide and white and insensible because the humor is so thicke and drie which closeth the conduites of the nerues so that the animall spirite is inclosed in such sort that the part hath no feeling Those which haue no feeling are altogether incureable those that haue any feeling if they be taken in the beginning may be helped in some sort but hardly those which come to suppuration degendreth easily into schirre The Cure consisteth in three thinges first in diet tending to heat and humiditie abstayning from anger sadnesse feare and venerian exercise the second point consisteth in euacuating the matter antecedent by purgations bleeding by prouocation of the flowers hemerhoides the third point is to euacuate that which is contayned in the place which is done by things remollientes and resoluentes like as the grease of hennes cockes calues or geese also guÌ„me armoniac stirax galbanum rootes of althea lillies camomill of these we make liniments and cataplasmes also the emplaister of Diachilon magnum et album de vigo with double mercurie Galen commendeth goates dirt to bee an excellent remedie to discusse tumors schirrous Sometimes it happeneth in the tendons and then it is healed by perfumes made thus Take the stone called pyrâ—â—es or any other stone that is red hotte and quench it in strong vineger and then receiue the smoake on the sore part then apply remollientes sometime after the perfume the guÌ„me ammoniac dissolued in vineger is good and must be vsed with great discretion If none of these serue and it tende to suppuration we must not vse too hotte remedies to stirre it by reasoÌ„ it degendreth easily into Cancer for the which haue recourse to the next Chapter In some partes it may bee cut so yee cut all and leaue nothing adherent to the whole partes nor no roote of it For the great fluxe of bloud which happhneth either knit the veines or staunch it with canters actuall the which is dangerous when it occupieth the internall partes for the which Hippocrates forbiddes to seeke the exquisite cure of the occult Cancers The thirteenth Chapter of Cancer which the Greekes call Carsimonia VVE must vnderstand that Cancer is comprehended vnder the tumor Schirrous yet there is great difference for in Cancer there is great dolor punction and pulsation which is not in schirre it groweth sooner and hath great veines about it Cancer in Latine is the sore of a beast Guido saith it is called Cancer either by reason it sticketh to the parte like the fish Cancer or because it is round and hath veines about it like the feete of a Crabbe and is also like vnto it being liuide of colour as also because it gnaweth eateth and goeth like this fish It is a tumor inequall hauing the sides hard eminent turned and dolorous There are two kindes of it vlcered and not vlcered the vlcered is immobill hot by accident hauing many veines about it like the feete of Cancer the not vlcered is called Cancer occult The cause of it is a melancholicke humor drie not onely in the part as schirre but also in the veines about it the which by continuation of time maketh it more sharpe and maligne whereof commeth Cancer vlcered also euill diet vsing of thinges that breed thicke corrupted bloud with other such causes as ye haue heard in the precedent Chapter the debilitie of the milte and weakenes of the part These tumors for the most part are ingendred in womens pappes chiefly in those who haue great very fleshie pappes by reason they are glandulous and colde of themselues they breede also in the conduites of women lippes nose eyes eares roofe of the mouth legges handes and fundament by reason those partes are weake haue little naturall heate The signes are dolor tumor and they seeme soft but in touching are hard the vlcers inequal sordides the sides swelled horrible to looke on pale coloured euill sauoured by reason of the humor which is most sordide and stinking As for the iudgement those in the stomacke head shoulders necke and vnder the armes are all incureable because these places can not be cut for the great fluxe of bloud which may happen in them Some are little vlcered some much some recent others inueterate some in one parte and some in another some more maligne then others and for the most part are incureable It hath diuers denominations according
to the partes as if it come in the face it is called noli me tangere if in the thighes or legges it is called lupus if in any other part it is called cancer The cure of this shal bee in the beginning to stay the melancholidke humor froÌ„ setling in the place and growing which must be done by fitte remedies to purge the melancholicke humor and by bleeding if the age and time permit then abstayne from all meates that ingender this humor and heate the bloud such as olde haires salt flesh harts goats spices mustard pottage cheese fishe and such like walke not much abstaine from great trauell sadnesse and anger vse meates that breede good bloud as mutton veale kiddes capons all sortes of fowles sauing water fowles drinke whay corroborate the liuer and milte As for locall remedies first if it waxe great and in fitte places some counsell to cut it in such sort that there remaine no roote but my opinion is not to doe such thinges but rather followe the counsell of Paul which is to take the iuice of morrell plantaine lettice and sorrell centorie shepheardes purse wette a cloth in these iuices and lay on it Also I haue often vsed the vrine of a young maid in the same fashion and oyle of roses veriâ—ce litage cerusse burnt leade diapalma of these ye may make fit remedies to keepe it in one estate correct gently the acrimonie of the humor If these things let not the augmentation of it we must goe to the cure of cankred vlcers in the treatise of vlcers and thus we ende the Treatise of tumors in generall THE FIFT TREATISE of Tumors in particular HAuing discoursed in the former Treatise of the causes signes and cure of Tumors most generall nowe in like maÌ„ner we shal intreat of the Particular which happen in the most partes of our bodie beginning at the head which is the seat of reason memorie vnderstanding is subiect to many sorts of tumors whereof we will shew at length in this Treatise but specially of those which oftnest do happen beginning first with Hydrocephalie Physocephalie which occupieth the whole head thereafter with those Tumors which occupie certaine partes thereof as the eyes eares mouth nose and cheekes and so descend to other partes of the bodie in like maÌ„ner to the feet extremities of the hands as ye shall heare which contayneth thirtie eight Chapters Chapter 1 Of Hydrocephalie and Physocephalie Chapter 2 Of the Tumor called Nodus or Ganglion Chapter 3 Of the Tumor in the eye called Lippitudo Chapter 4 Of the tumor in the eares Chapter 5 Of the Tumor called Parotidis Chapter 6 Of Tumors in the nose called Ozena Sacâ—oma Polypus Chapter 7 Of the Tumor in the mouth called Vula or Columella Chapter 8 Of the Tumors in the amigdalles called Tonsillae Chapter 9 Of the Tumor called Angina or Strangulatio Chapter 10 Of the Tumors in the teeth called Epulides Chapter 11 Of the Tumor vnder the toungue called Batrachos Chapter 12 Of the tumors in the necke called Struma Chapter 13 Of the Tumor in the throat called Bruncoseli Chapter 14 Of the tumor called Aneâ—â—risma Chapter 15 Of the tumor in the Pappes Chapter 16 Of Pluresie Chapter 17 Of the tumor in thae Nauell called axunfalon Chapter 18 Of the tumor in the bellie called Hydropsie Chapter 19 Of the tumor in the fuÌ„dameÌ„t called coÌ„diloma Chapter 20 Of the swelling of the veines in fundameÌ„t called Hemorrhoides Chapter 21 Of the tumor in the intestinie called Exitus Longanonis Chapter 22 Of the tumor in the Coddes Chapter 23 Of Hernes in generall Chapter 24 Of the tumor inguinall called bubonoâ—â—elâ— Chapter 25 Of the herne called â—nterocele Chapter 36 Of the herne called Epipocele or Zeirbale Chapter 27 Of the herne called Hydrocele Chapter 28 Of the herne called Ventosa Chapter 29 Of the herne called Sarcoceli Chapter 30 Of the herne varicus called Cirsocele Chapter 31 Of the herne Humerall Chapter 32 Of the tumor in the Flancke called bubonecele Chapter 33 Of the tumor in the knees Chapter 34 Of the tumor in the legges called varicus Chapter 35 Of the tumor in the legges called draâ—â—culus Chapter 36 Of the tumor tn the legges or handes called Elephansiasis particularis Chapter 37 Of the tumor in the fingers called panaris or parenâ—chia Chapter 38 Of the tumor or hardues in the toes called Cornes The first Chapter of Hydrocephalie and physocephalie HYdrocephalie is a waterie humor which occupyeth the whole head and Physocephalie is a windie humor which doth the like these tumors are contained eythet betweene the pericrane and skin or betwixt the muscles or betwixt the pericran and crane or betwixt the crane meÌ„branes which couer the braines called dura mater pia mater but the tumor in this case is not great The cause is eyther internall or externall the internall commeth from the matrix and of the Mothers milke which is too waterie and such like foode as breede waterie humors The externall cause commeth of cold presently after the birth it hapeneth also through vnskilfulnes of Midwife as I haue sometimes seene which draweth presseth the childs head so much at the deliuerie that the veines and arters breake not being as yet strong so the blood sheddeth through the rest of the head and degendreth into water The signes are great tumor with deformitie of the head the eies face swelled as doth appeare in the Hydropicks The iudgementes are these such as are within the crane are incurable those that are betwixt the crane and pericrane or betwixt the pericrane and muscles may be cured As for the curation of the curable they are healed partly by diet and by vsing of things drying and abstayning from things humide also by externall remedies applied to the part that drie with some astriction and comfort the head which shal be done by liniments fomentations vnguentes made of calamint origan betonie camomill meâ—â—ot anthos red roses also ye may make lessiues of the vine ashes also shaue the head and applie this emplaster following Rec olibani vnc 1. sarcacollâ— drag 1. gummi arabici seminis raphani anethian 1. vnc di ole de spica parum cerae quantum sufficit fiat emplastrum If the humor be in great abundance or that the crane or membraines are offended we must vse incision and perforation of the crane theÌ„ eaucâ—ate the humor heale the wouÌ„d as in others There is yet a kinde of this called Macrocephalie which is a supernaturall greatnes of the Pan and flesh not properly tumor and receiueth no curatioÌ„ but is siâ—ldome seene one of this sort I saw in Paris of the quaÌ„tity of a pot of 3. quarts The second Chapter of the tumors called Nodus or Ganglion which commeth in the head THese tumors are sometime hard otherwhiles soft alwayes round which chanceth for the
mans guide which is most excellent and easie to be had The tenth Chpter of the tumor which commeth at the roote of the teeth called Epulides EPulides is a tumor or excrescence of flesh which commeth at the rootes of the teeth or betweene them in great quantitie chiefly about the teeth called molâ—res it augmenteth by little and little The cause is a sharpe biting humor which commeth from the head stomacke as chaunceth in putride feuers by the euill vapors which ascendeth and corrodeth the gummes it happeneth also after vlcers in the mouth chiefly to those who haue beene ill cured of the Neopolitane sickenesse The Signes are manifest to the sight touch as saith Auicen The Iudgmentes are that sometime it is as great as an egge sometime it groweth to both the iawes in such sorte that the mouth cannot open The topical remedies consist in vsage of thinges discutient as decoction seminis lini such like sometime it suppureth and then cure it as in others ye haue heard Sometime it neither suppureth nor discusseth and then yee shall proceede as I did in Paris to a Gentlemans boy who had his mouth so growen together on both sides that nothing almost could enter therein and it was in this wise First I made incision and cutte the most part of the excrescence so consumed the rest with causticke powders and produced the cicatrice and he healed To others I haue knitte the excrescence with a threede the which I finde more sure and not to be feared neither for fluxe of bloud nor inflammation that which remained after the threede was fallen I consumed it with pouder of mercurie allom vitrioll aqua fortis and such like Sometime this Tumor is hard and schirrous for the which ye must vse palliatiues as in the Chapter of Schirre As for the maladies of the teeth the way to correct and helpe their deformitie to drawe the corrupted and put artificiall in their place ye shall heare at length in the Treatise of the poore mans guide The eleuenth Chapter of the Tumor which happeneth vnder the tongue called Batrachos or Rannuculus RAnnuculus is a tumor of the veines vnder the tongue and is sometime of such greatnesse that yee would thinke it another tongue this happeneth ofâ— to children and old folk so that the voice is intercepted The cause is a slyme pituitous humor which discâ—â—deth from the head and when the tumor is excrescence of flesh the cause is as of other excrescâ—nces It is coÌ„monly wrapped in a chest or little membraine like as Atâ—â—â—â—ma The sigâ—es are euident and it is in coulor like a frogge called Râ—na wherof it taketh the name with gret tumor in the veins of the tongue which suffoketh the sick In opening of it the sick somtime becommeth madde as I did once see Iaques Guilmio Chirurgian reporteth to haue seene it foure times As for the cure that which happeneth in childreÌ„ is healed with gargarismes resoluentis and iucisiues in old folke the veines vnder the tongue must be opened If the ranuill be great it must bee cut drawen away the superfluitie which remaineth shal be dried with sall ammoniac flos aeris such like Sometime we cut it with a bistorie and apply caâ—â—erâ— actuals As for the litle pustulles which come in the mouth that the Latins cal Aphthae as also diuers others yee shall heare at length in my Treatise of the deliuerie of women where I intreate of those diseases which commonly happen to yong children The twelth Chapter of the tumor in the neck called by the Latins Stuma or Scrofulae STruma is an inflamation of bloud and pituite in the soft and glandulous partes as vnder the chyn and oxters on the papps and bâ—tweene the thigh and the body and may happen in any part of the body The matter that is ingendred of is a rotten thick matter congealed blood like glandes The cause are falles strokes or humor pituitous mixed with melancholie also drinking of euil waters where through many were infected at the siege of Paris also the retentio of the excremeÌ„ts of the braines which should auoide by the muoth nose eares eies This disease happeneth oftenest to yong children both for the raritiâ— of the skin and gulosite for the which some cal them Scrofulae by the simtlitude of a greedie beast called Scrofa The signes are apparent to the sight in the parts where they are sometime few in number sometime many and are couered membranes like Atâ—â—â—oma Steotoma The Iudgements are that those which are superficiall mobill and not many in number may resolue vnmoueable hard maling doe not resolue or hardly receiueth any curation those that are great and neare the tracharter are difficill in opening by reason of the nerues recurrent which being cut the sick waxeth dum they are also difficill when they are accoÌ„panied with veines for feare of flux of blood The cure coÌ„sisteth in remedies vniuersals pâ—rticuler as in good regiment eate litle and of light digestion abstaine froÌ„ such things as ingender grosse humors purge oft blede in both thy armes haâ—nt no humide places the drink shal be composed after this forme take Scrofularia 3. parts Scolupendula 2. parts Pilosella and Brassica of ech a litle the toots of Reddish and Aristolochia a little seeth them al in white wine with a little honey till the halfe be consumed of this ye shall vse 3. ounces in the morning euery 2. daies once I haue vsed to diuers with good seccesse a decoction laxatiue the space of 15. or 20. dais also my confectioÌ„ set down in the poore mans guide The pâ—rticuler remedies are to rubbe the part with a little salt butter fryed in a pan with a litle vineger till it grow black some vse the emplaster de vigo with mercurie also the cataplasme set downe in the Chapter of Paristhimia If it tend to suppuration vse this take the leaues and roots of mallowes lillies of ech 2. ounces leaues of camomill one haÌ„dful make a decoctioÌ„ to the which adde the flower of beanes lyn-seed and â—enigreck an 3. ounces swines greace that is flesh a pond make cataplasme putting to it a litle oyle of â—rin and lillies this â—ath the verru both to digest â—ype WheÌ„ it is opened cure it as ye haue heard in others Sometimes children hauing scabs in the head the brains humide by wrong lying taking cold in the night haue the glandes tumified for remedy wherof apply oile of camomill anissedes swete almoÌ„ds with a litle hennes greace butter If the tumor be hot add to it oile of roses violetts it is good also to rubbe it with fasting spittle till it growe hotte I haue heard of sundrie that haue beene cured perfectly by George Boswell a very learned Chirurgion of S. Iohns towne in
to swell through a waterie humor the rest of the body is small and leane Tympanites is a maladie in the which is more flatuositie and lesse humor and in touching soundeth like a drumme Anasarca or Lâ—ncophlegmatia is a disease wherewith the whole bodie but chiefely the priuie partes are swollen with a pituitous humor white and clare accompanied with feuer The cause is either externe or interne externe as stroakes falles heate colde fluxe of bloud or great and long running of the hemerhoides or through dissenteria also great vsage of humide meates as sewens euill water and such like whereof we had good proofe at the siege of Paris also euill regiment Plato saith that in the time of Apollo and Aesculapius neither caiter nor hydropsie nor many other diseases which now raigne were knowne and that through their great sobrietie The cause interne commeth chiefely of the vertue alteratrix and concoctrix of the liuer in like manner apostumes of the liuer also passions of the stomacke through the vice of the veines meseraicks intestine matrix bladder lightes milte and kidneâ—s The Iudgementes are that all hydropsies after a hotte feuer or in the feuer are euill if after apostume of the liuer it receiueth no curation if by vsing remedies the sicke groweth better within 3. or 4. daies is ill againe he healeth not if hee become laxatiue and haue no ease of his paine it is mortall if the spittle the breath and extremities do stink they are signes of death if flux with difficultie of respration he shall die within three dayes of all sorts ascites is the worst those that are yong and robust vsing exercise and if the humor be not putrified may be cured For the cure hereof there are 3. intentioÌ„s the first is good diet tending to hot and drie of good nourriture and light digestion it is good not to drinke at all but if it be any let it be a little old man I knewe a man that was cured by abstayning from drinke halfe a yeare Anthonius Bene uenius reporteth that he knew men cured by abstayning from drink a yeare without vsing any other remedies Let their bred be of barley wherwith shal be mingled the pouder of wormwood annisseede betonie calamint calamus aromaticus succorie fennell which thinges may also bee put in their pottage drinke asses goates milke is also good The second intention is with fomentions and vnguentes resotiues as ye haue heard in Edema The third intention is to corroborate the intemperie of the lyuer as is ample set downe by Albucrasis Some counsell to make incisioÌ„ the which I haue often seene but with euill successe therefore not to bee vsed as being reiected by Celsus Paulus Trallianus Gordonius and others The manner of incision is thus make the incision with a bistorie by the nauell but 3. fingers vnder it towards the flanck shuning the Linaea put a hollow tent in it and euacuate the humor by little little I haue set downe an excelleÌ„t remedie in the poore mans Guide for the curation of this disease if the fault be not in the liuer whereby I healed many in Paris during the time of the siege There are many other things which might be spoken of this matter which I leaue to the mediciners being more medicinall than Chirurgicall but by reasoÌ„ that sometime it falleth vnder the Chirurgians haÌ„ds I thought good thus much to intreate of it The ninteenth Chapter of the Tumor in the fundament called Condiloma THe fundament is subiect to diuers passions as Condiloma ficus atrices hemerhoids rhadiae clausio paralysis pruritus fistula Condiloma is a certaine excrescence of flesh hard tuberculus and membranous in the brimmes of the fundament sometimes accompanied with great tumor and swelling and are called Condilomata sometime not swelled and are called Atrices The cause is the weakenesse softnes and lowe scituation of the part also defluxion of humors which become rotten for the which it is of hard curation The signes are manifest to the sight accompanied with great tumor and dolor The Cure consiâ—th in good regiment and rest often purging with clisters bleeding in the arme to diuert the humor if there be any inflammation vsing vomitors thinges to prouoke vrine The topicall remedies are in the beginning to vse linimentes of oyle of roses cidoniorum with whites of egges thereafter vse remollientes and discutientes if it tend to suppuration vse such remedies as ye haue heard in others putting thereto a little of tapsus barbatus it must be opened in forme circular this counselleth Gordon to the ende the matier remaine not long there in which easily causeth fistule If the excrescence be great hard they must be consumed with causticke medicamentes as counselleth Celsus Sometime the fundament is closed as I sawe in Picardie in the Towne of S. Quintin in France where I brought a woman to bedde that had two children the one had excrescence of fleshe and dyed soone after it was borne the other had a membrane that closed the passage of the excrementes which I câ—tte with a bistorie and it healed This hapneth often to maides in their conduites for the which doe the like or haue recourse to Celsus Or to the mans Guide The twentie Chapter of the Tumors in the Fundament called Hemerhoides THe Hemerhoides are an inflamation or voiding of bloud of some one or moe of the fiue veines which goe about the Fundament of the which there are diuers kindes as saith Fernelius some are interne which are not to be seene others externe some swelled and voide no humor but in tract of time returne inwardly some open and auoyde aboundance of melancholicke bloud which maketh great payne The cause is great aboundance of melancholicke pituitous or bilious bloud also great vsage of mordicant medicines as saith Gordonius The Signes are these if the humor be colde the sicke feeleth great heauinesse and dolor and trembling of the bellie if the humor be hotte there shall be great pulsation euill coullor of the face heauinesse of the eyes The Iudgementes this disease is dangerous and difficill for sometime the great euacuation causeth the hydropsie euil colour and weakenesse of the bodie which often endeth in fistule If they be sodainely stayed they ingender dangerous maladies and often death the humor taking the course to some other part as the liuer or the lightes as saith Bartapallia if they voyde moderatly it is good and preserueth the sicke from melancholie leprosie strangurie griefe in the sides and inflamation on the lightes The naturall course of them is to voyde euery moneth once or at least foure or fiue times in the yeere The Cure is somewhat difficill the part being sensible and colde hauing no force of it selfe also being in a lowe place easie to receiue fluxion and being in a priuie place hard to
defluxion of humors falleâ—h in the coddes of all which ye shal heare hereaftet in there seuerall Chapters beginning first with Bâ—bonocele The foure and twentith Chapter of the tumor inguinall called Bubonocle BVbonocele is a tumor in the flanck either of the call or intestine which happeneth through dilatation or ruption of the peritone is called bâ— the latins hernia inguinalis or inconpleta The cause is externall and internall externall in strokes leaping wresting crying vomiting choughing riding on hard trotting horses bearing of gret burthens the violent vsing of womeÌ„ or any violeÌ„t vsing of exercise dilatatioÌ„ of the ligameÌ„t in womeÌ„ through great trauell in childbirth the internall cause are vsing of viscuous flatuous meates great repletion of the bellie and of humors The signes if it come through relaxation it reduceth easily if of the intestine ye shall heaâ—e a noyse and it is dolorous The iudgments many die of this disease the gutte being forth filleth full eyther of winde or excremeÌ„ts or both which is so difficill painfull to be reduced that the sick dieth As for the cure vse fomentatioÌ„s remollientes and discutientes made thus Râ—c radicum altheae brioniae cucumeris â—grestis an M. 1. folioruÌ„ maluae bismaluae pariâ—tariae et violarum an M. 1. floruÌ„ et foliorum camomillae melitoti rosarum an P. 1. seminis altheae lini et fenâ—greci an vnc se coquaÌ„tur omnia in lacte vel aqua et fâ—menta locum cum spongis If by these remedies it reduce not being great abundance of winde yee shall vse fiue or sixe punctioÌ„s with a needle for the purpose which dissipeth the winde reduceth easily then vse emplasters astringent with a baÌ„dage for a certayn space in so doing those which come of releaxatioÌ„ sometime heale others which come by ruption doe nor heale so the sicke must haue a trusse for the purpose with an emplaster to let the falling downe againe and no other cure to bee vsed yet there are some ignoraÌ„t people who take vpon theÌ„ to heale this as also the 2. coÌ„pletes by drinks charmes praying to Saints going on pilgrimage which are al false found on no reason others as Tbeodoâ—ricus couÌ„sell to cure theÌ„ by actual canters LanfraÌ„cus by poteÌ„tiall Bernardus Rogerius by the wearing of a golden threade called punctus aureus which are all dangerous and vncertaine wayes The fiue twentith chapter of the herne or rupture intestinall called by the Greeks â—nterocele THis kinde of rupture is when the gutts fall downe into the codds eyther through ruption or enlarging of the peritone where the Spermatick vessels doe passe and where the muscles Cremastres end and the membranes Dartons and Heretroides begin wherin the gutt caulâ— or both do fal The causes are like to Bubonocele the signs are great in equall tumor sometime hard by reason of the fecall matter contained therein The iudgmentes are these there commeteh inflamation and the more ye prease to reduce it the inflamation is the greater so it changeth the coulor which is an euill signe sounding and voyding of matter at the mouth are euill signs if the intesâ—iâ—e be not reduced the patient dyeth which happeneth through the narrownes of the dilatation As for the cure first rubb the codde with oyle of camomill and lay the sick on his back in such sort that his arse be higher than his head reducing with thy hand little and little pressing most on the place where it defended If the fecall matter let the reduction vse the remedies set downe in Bubonocele clisters to discharg the intestine if by these remedies the intestine doe not reduce but the matter wax hard with greaâ— dolor yee shall make incision in the vpper part of the cod eschewing the intestine thereafter put a litle peece of wood vp by the production of the peritone neare the hole of descent the pece of wood must be round on the one side flat on the other wheron ye shall make the rest of your incision and rubbe the descent with a lttle oyle so it shall easily reduce If then it reduce not the peritone must be incised and vse the canter Gastrographick handle it as other wounds this operation must not be vsed but in great necessitie when the sick is strong prognosticating still of the daunger nefefellisse aut ignorasse videaris Being reduced it must with bandages and astringent fomentations bee contayned with rhis â—â—plaster Rec. emplastri contra ruâ—turam vnc 2. mastichae vnc 1. vnguenti comitissae desiccatiui rubei an vnc se lapidis calaminaris in aceto extincti parum or this takâ— beane flowre and the barke of the oake tree sanguinis draconis pouder of sage and roses of euery one a little seethe all in smithes water putting thereto a little hogges grease and lay it on the place in forme of an emplaister and keepe the bedde for the space of fortie dayes shifting it once in sixe dayes vsing good dyet and of light digestion abstayning from crying and coughing laying the hinder partes higher then the head through this method some heale chieflly wheÌ„ the dilation is not greatâ— If the dilation be so great that there is no hope of recouerie by these remedies wee come to the operation of the hande the bodie hauing purged and bledde afore if neede be eating little the night before the incision the sicke shall be layde on a forme or board scituated as yee haue heard his legges and handes bound and so reduce the intestine which being done one shall hold his hande on the hole of descent then the Chirurgion shal take the stone on the sore side making an incision two inches broad at the which drawe out the testicle separate the didyme from the scrotum till ye come to the hole of descent and knitte with a waxed threed and cutte the production with the stone a little from the threede stay the fluxe of bloud and heale it as other woundes If the patient be olde make incision in the lower parte of the scroton to the ende the matter may auoyd the better Sometime the dilation being great the intestine sticketh to the peritone so in knitting the peritone ye knitte the intestine also which if it happen the sicke voydeth the excrementes by the mouth and so dyeth This happened once to my Maister who had vsed this operation a long time whereof I thought good to let you vnderstand if any such cure come in your handes Sometime being healed in the one side it falleth on the other side for the curation whereof doe the like yet it is very incommodious for after the partie is disabled to ingender and the hayre of the beard becommeth thin and falleth for the which cause and diuers I am of the opinion with the learned not to attempt this operation but rather to vse a truâ—se so in processe of
time nature ingendreth a certaine peice of flesh in the hole of descent The twentie sixe Chapter of the rupture Zirball called Epipâ—cele EPipocele is a descent of the caule in the codde or flanck the Cause is not different from the precedent accompanied with aboundance of humidities in these partes the Signes are like the precedent sauing that it is softer and vneasie to reduce not dolorous The Cure must bee like to the intestine in all cutting the production that falleth knitte canterize it to let the fluxe of bloud of the veines and arters whereof commeth great danger if it be reduced and yet bleedeth it causeth fluxe of the bellie and often death The twentie seuen Chapter of the waterie Herne called Hydrocele or Hernia aquosa THE waterie Herne is a Tumor in the coddes which groweth by little and little sometime to great bignesse and is contayned sometime in the codde otherwhiles betwixt the membranes that couer the stones called Dartos and Heretroidos sometime within them sometime it is accompanied with the guâ—te and is called Hydrointerocele The Cause is like as yee haue heard in Hydropsie and is a particular Hydropsie sometime stroakes the vesselles being riuen the bloud chaungeth into a waterie humor The Signes are the Tumor is cleare and becommeth long still in one estate not painefull heauie sometime hard and is knowne by holding the codde betwixt thee the candle and beeing inclosed in membranes it appeareth to bee a third testicle The Iudgementes some resolue oftentimes the intestine also falleth chiefely in the left side by reason of the milte which is full of colde melancholicke humor which oftentimes corrupteth the testicle As for the Cure the sicke must be purged with fitte medicines according to the nature of the humor vse meane exercises meates hotte and drie in small quantitie abstayning from drinke and keepe thy bellie loose sleepe little and prouoke vrine by diureticke thinges abstaine from all things which breed winde The particular remedies are in vsing fomentations as in Hydropsie next the astringent emplaister made of redde desiâ—catiue the vnguent Comitisse with the pouder of lapis calaminaris extinguished in vineger oaker balaust bol armenie allom mustard seede and euphors malax all together with a little oyle of camomil and lay on the sore If these remedies suffice not by reason of the great quantitie of the water we put a Seton through the lowest part â—f the codde and drawe it twise euery day till the humor be euacuated If the humor be in the membranes that couer the stones make incision in the side of the codde eschewing the testicle put a tente in it and dresse it twise a day keepe it open till the humor be euacuated vse remedies anodiâ—us for to appease the dolor and â—ic catrize it as other woundes The twentie eight Chapter of the Herne windie called Physocele THis Herne is a collection of winde in the Scroton called Hernia ventosa the Cause is imbecillitie of natural heate in these partes and phlegmaticke matter with such other causes as yee haue heard in windie apostumes The Signes are the Tumor is somewhat hard light round sodainely ingendred occupying for the most part the sâ—roton and wand resisting to the touch cleare as a bladderfull of winde the wande greater in one place then in another The Iudgementes if this vapour dissip not it causeth many euilles sometime occupying the whole bodie and proceedeth often of matter venenous The Cure shall be first in good dyet as in Edema next to applie on the place thinges resolutiue and corroboratiue as yee haue heard in windie apostumes some allowe the plaister of Vigo with mercurie or diapalma malaxed with wine also the dregges of claret wine boiled with bran laid warm on the place The twentie nine Chapter of the Herne carnosa called Sarcocele THis is a Tumor in the cod sometimes in the membrans dartos and heretroidos chiefely about the stones like vnto a tumor schirrous and as it were accompanied with veines varicous The Cause is aboundance of grosse humors in these partes which doth corrupt the testicles and at last degendreth into a harde fleshie disposition The Signes are vnequall tumor hard alwayes in one estate dolorous and being touched all which is in the testicle doth moue The Iudgementes are that when it happeneth to young folke and handled in the beginning it doth some time heale but commonly it is incureable and the worst of all the eight kindes If by feeling it at the vppermost parte of the didim it seeme vnnaturall great the tumor is incureable and better it is not to touch it then to attempt any cure if ye finde the didim small there is some hope of cure For the which we must scituate the sicke as yee haue heard next make the incision in the vpper part of the cod knitte the didim and canterize it as ye haue heard in interocele If it adhere to the codde separate it and cutte off the testicle with the excrescence if after the incision there commeth inflammation and dolor let the patient bleede and rest fiue or sixe dayes as counselleth Franco and leaue the cure to giue order to the accidentes The thrrtie Chapter of the Herne varicous called Câ—rsocele THis Herne is a Tumor and dilation of the veines that nourish the testicles which are full of melancholicke bloud and also the membranes hereof The Cause is some grosse humor or melancholick bloud gathered in that part by reason of the debilitie and decliuitie of the place and heauinesse of the humor The Signes are the repletion of the veines sometime fewe in number sometime many wrapped together like a vine braunch soft in touch and returning into the bellie by pressing on the didime The iudgmentes are it is without dolor most dangerous and difficill to be cured as ye shall heare in the varices of the legges The cure shal be first in purging the bodie of melancholick then bleede if neede be therefore make incisioÌ„ on the scroton the breadth of two fingers in the place of the varice thereafter make passe a needle with double thread vnder the varice and in the vpper part of the wouÌ„d an other in the lower part leauing an inch betwixte then open the varice and euacuate the humor contayned if there be any moe doe the like that done knitt the thread and handle the wound as others If the testicle be infiltred with veines accompanied with dolor that it may not bee handled this way the didime must bee cut as in the preâ—â—dent and so proceede in the cure The one and thirtieth Chapter of the herne Humâ—rall THis herne is an aposthume and defluxion of humors together in the codd or membranes that couer the testicles and sometime in their proper
substance The cause is not different from other aposthumes as also the signes The iudgmentes are such as are long in healing the part being cold and membranous somtimes suppureth otherwhiles resolueth if it continue long it corrupteth the testicle The cure the sick shal be purged with clisters bled rest and weare a trusse to holde vp the stones and dressed according to the nature of the humor and accidents after the methode set downe in the generall Chapter of Aposthumes The two and thirtith Chapter of the tumor in the Flanck called Bubo THis word Bubo is taken in place for the part betwixte the thigh the bodie called in latin Ingnen in which there are many glandes which often doe swell tumifie The cause is defluxioÌ„ of humors violent exercise crisis of maladies dolor or vlcer in the legge or foote or some other part neare to it The signes are euident The iudgmentes when it happeneth by crisis of maladie it is difficill if no feâ—er haue proceeded nor vapor venemous it is easie sometime it doth resolue otherwhiles suppoâ—eth There are other glaÌ„des lower where ordinarily the plague ingendereth The cure differeth not froÌ„ other aposthumes which come in partes glandulous where of I haue spoken amply in the Chapter of Scrofulae The three and thirieth Chapter of the tumor in the knees THis tumor commeth by fluxion or congestion of humors in the ioyntes and chiefly in the knees the cause is strokes falles plenitude of humors crisis of maladye heate colde long trauell laxations riding and frictions The signes are manifest the iudgmentes are that those which happen after a long maladie are difficill and dangerous as sayth Hyppocratâ—s are long in healing painfull to the sick dolorous the humor being either extreame hot or colde which maketh inflamation in those partes sometime matter virulent vnder the lidde which causeth the bone goe out of his place and sometime turneth ouer as I saw once in Paris The cure consisteth in vniuersall and pâ—rticuler remedies vniuersal shal be according to the qualitie of the humor as yee haue hearde in the generall Chapter the Topicall remedies shal be repercussiues discutientes drying according to the nature of the part which shal bee distinguished according to the degrees of the aposthumes as ye haue heard in Phlegmon If it tende to suppuration be warie in opening of it our auntients forbid to open deepe vnder the lidde because parts are sensible and dolorous of the which happeneth euill accidents Vse medicamentes corroboratiues and anodines euacuate the matter and cicatrice the wound as others sometime the tumor is ingencred of winde which deceiueth the Chirurgian and if it happen cure it as ye heard in windie and waterie tumor The foure and thirtieth Chapter of the tumor in the veines of the legs called Varicae VArix is dilatatioÌ„ of the veine greater thaÌ„ natural which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodie as teÌ„ples bellie vnder the nauell on the testicles matrix but chieflye in the legges which is sometime one veine sometime diuers together full of thick burnt melancholick blood letting action of the place The cause is abundaÌ„ce of the melaÌ„cholick humor retentioÌ„ of the moueth course in womeÌ„ Hemorhoides in both sexes which dilateth the veines sometime breaketh as oft happeneth to women in their trauell for the which I haue treated at leÌ„hth in the treatise of womeÌ„s birth likewise vehemeÌ„t exercise as leaping wresling carying of great burtheÌ„s strokes falls tormeÌ„ts such like The signes may be seene by the greatnes of the veins which coÌ„monly are blacker than the naturall The iudgemeÌ„ts those that are interne are incureable and not to bee touched because it letteth the â—fluxion so returneth to the noble parts causeth great accidents intertaineth old vlcers letteth the cure therof The cure is diuersly set down by diuers authors some counsell to incise them in diuers places according to the circumâ—olution and let the blood then to close vp and binde the wounde as in other bloâ—dinges resting that daye and if they swell agayne doe the place with a little inke the skin aboue the veine therafter take vp the skin with thy handes and incise in the middst therof then let it goe that the veine may be seene passe two needles as in the varicus herne let it bleede a quantitie knit it let the thre ad fall of it selfe without drawing it by force and cure the wound as others The fiue and thirtieth Chapter of the little Tumors in the leggs called Dracunculus THis is a tumor or extraordinarie dolor bredde in the legges or armes called Draguneus yet diuers authors haue giuen it diuers names as Auicen calleth it Meden by the name of a towne where it is frequent Albucrasis calleth it Venaciuilis Halyabbas vena famosa There is also touching the cause cure great difference it chaunceth most coÌ„monly in the midst of Arabia as writeth Paulus and is not oft seene amongst vs yet some-what I will say of it for the better instructioÌ„ of the yong Chirurgian Paulus and Auicen are of opinion that in the place affected the humor is like vnto little wormes somtime great otherwhiles small chiefly in the partes musculous as in the arters thighes and legges and sometime in childrens sides vnder the skin with manifest motion Some take it bee a sharp and mordicant humor betweene the flesh and skin which in time waxeth hard like an nerue or tendon It is iugendred of a hot melancholick blood burnt phlegme sent through the veines to the exterior parrs by the vertue expultrix The signes are vehement dolor feuer harde and rounde like nerues seeming to moue in the touching as it had life the tumor is long and stretched from one ioynt to an other as from the kneâ— to the foote The cure whether it bee humor or animall vegetatiue is to foment the place with milke and camomill or medicines to appease the dolor then to giue aire eyther by canter or vissicator if it be not dolorous and tend to suppuration cure it â—s yee haue heard in Erisipelas changing alwayes your remedies according to the times of the Tumor and Humor which raigneth The thirtte sixe Chapter of the Tumor in the legges or armes called by the Greekes â—lephantiasiis particularis THIS if it be vniuersally through all the bodie it is called Leprosie if it be particular it occupieth onely one meÌ„ber which spoyleth the forme figure and disposition thereof and maketh it rough like the skinne of an Elephant for which reason it is called Elephantiasis If it occupie the skinne and not the flesh it is called Morphaea The Cause commeth from the mothers wombe and is called Maladie hereditarie or after wee are borne if from the wombe either the childe hath bene
Those which are in the flesh not touching veines nerues nor arters in bodies well composed and where there are no great accidents nor in partes dangerous CO. Which are dangerous LO All those which are interne also in the membranes of the braines in the heart lightes lyuer Diaphragma and great intestins and those that are within three fingers to the iointes also woundes in the nerues which cause conuulsion for their communication with the braines those in the Esophag vines Ingulare in the flanck thighes betwixt the fingers and all those yet are without tumor all woundes in the head both great smal wouÌ„ds that are depe made ouerthwart also some are difficill for the excellencie of the part being necessarie to all the bodie and life it selfe CO. Which are mortall LO All those in the substance of the braines heart lyuer midst of the lightes chist of the gall midst of the Diaphragme stomack milt kidneis small intestines bladder matrix trachearter and spinall medull Also those at the rootes of the emunctoires and noble partes in like manner in the veine caâ—e descending or ascending the veine part great arter or in the back cause present death be reason of the great euacuatioÌ„ of the bloode and spirrits CO. Which aere the particuler signes whereby you know those partes to be mortall LO Euerie one hath a perticuler signe as if the braines or membrane thereof be hurt the blood commeth foorth by the nose by the eares with vomiting of choller voiding of the excrementes vnawares to the partie the face vgly to the sight the feeling dull and vnderstanding hurt the patient falleth into rauing convulsion within 3 or 4 daies We know the heart to be hurt when there cometh out quantitie of blood thick black chiefly if the right side be hurt if the left it is more red and subtill the pulse becometh weake variable the colour pale with vniuersall trembling casting a cold ill sauoured sweat the extremities wax cold often sounding and dieth shortly We knowe the Lights to be hurt when the sicke doth breath with difficultie voyding a spumous blood at the mouth and wound lying on the wounded side speaketh and not on the other side some raue the red colour and heate goeth to the visage in the end issueth quantitie of matter at the wound The Diaphragme being hurt the flancks retire close there is great weight on the part dolor in the rig back cough difficultie of breath with issue of a spumous blood at the wound as in the Lightes If the Liuer be hurt there cometh out great abundance of blood the flanckes retire towards the back the colour like death the eyes sinke in the head want of rest the vrine is bloody the excrements purulent the sick cometh to lie on the belly the dolor is pricking extending to the breast bone and ribbes in respiring he draweth in his shoulders and vomiteth choller Paulus Aegineta reporteth that one lobe of the Liuer may be hurt and yet death not follow of necessitie If the Milt be hurt the blood cometh forth black thick at the wound or left flanck which with the stomack waxeth hard there is great drought dolor in the furcilles as in the Liuer If the Kidneys be hurt the dolor descendeth to the roote of the thigh testicles there is difficultie of vrine pissing of blood sometime blood staieth within the sicke dieth all swollen If the Orifice of the stomack be hurt there ensueth vomiting of choller as also of that which is eaten presently the pulse is weake sweating the extremities cold The stomack and intestine ieiunuÌ„ being hurt haue the same signes with the meat drinke issuing forth at the wound the flancks dolorous and hard the Patient voydeth choller at the mouth spitteth blood with great cold in the extâ—mities The Spinall medull hurt the sicke becometh paraliticke in a conuulsion and looseth the feeling the inferior conduites are relaxed so voydeth the seed vrine or excrements If the Bladder be hurt there is great dolor aboue the yarde pissing of blood voyding of vrine at the wound vomiting of choller cold in the extremities If the Matrix be hurt the dolor doth communicate to the liskes haunches thighes the blood cometh forth partly by the wound partly by the nature some lose sence and reason and some speach haue the same accidents with those that are hurt in the heart If the Intestines be hurt there is great dolor with continuall voyding of the fecall matter at the wound CO. What is to be considered of the Chirurgian touching the Iudgement of wounbs LO First to know what part is hurt the nature thereof whether there be any or no hope of health knowing the parts that are easie to heale difficile mortall also the vsage actioÌ„ substance situation of the same likewise the figure of the wound actions that happen the temperature age sex region season constitution of the time Wounds in the nerues teÌ„dons ioints bones without apparence of tumor are euil signes shew the humor to be brought to the noble part Wounds with fracture behinde are in danger of spaâ—me such being before are in danger of raâ—ing freÌ„sie Iâ— convulsion happen in a wound chiefly after some great inflaÌ„mation it is for the most part mortall sheweth the parts neruous to be hurt Wounds in the head if after x. daies symptons do happen signifie abscesse in the liuer and likewise great desire of drinke signifieth the same Wounds that haue bled much if conuulsion ensue are dangerous as also all thrusts in nerues tendons the vnuoluntarie vomiting of choller wheÌ„ the sick is hurt or the inflaÌ„matioÌ„ lasteth is an euill signe CO. Vntill what time should we stay our Iudgement of woundes in the heade LO Vntill Fortie daies and some late writers till fifteene and twentie daies dayes after which time commeth often feuer and other euill accidents which chaunce often at full Moone and dyeth as I haue sometime noted CO. What time of the yeare is most expedient for curation of woundes LO The spring time when the weather is neither hot nor cold the Autume is euill for the moystnes of the ayte as also the cold winter which is enimie to vlcers and woundes in the membranes and bone as sayth Hyppocrates CO. Howe many pointes are there to bee obserued in curing of woundes LO Fiue first in ordring of vniuersall remedies regimeÌ„t of life aire which must bee hot and temperate the sicke must be nourished with litle meate and of light digestion some-what refrigeratiue if there be feare of feuer or inflamation which danger is most to be feared afore the 7. day abstayne from wine and all strong drinke except through losse of much blood the hart be faint supp lightly abstayn from women and all vehement passions of
the nerues makeing inuoluntari mouing drawing the muscles tendons towards theire beginning vneasie to relax CO. What is the cause of Spasme LO Repletion euacuation and dolor CO. Is it dangerous LO Auicen saith that all spasme confirmed in woundes is mortall others are cureable that which chaunceth through thrustes in the nerues is euill If it happen by great euacuation of bloud it is mortall as saith Hippocrates and better it is that a feuâ—r come in a conuulsion then conuulsion in feuer spasme after feuers is mortall as saith Hippocrates CO. Which are the signes of spasme LO Difficill mouing of the bodie tension of the necke contraction of the lippes astriction of the iawes peruertion of the eyes and face which if it take the course to the partes appointed for respiration it is lamentable and the sicke shall soone die that which is confirmed is incureable CO. What is the cure of it LO First we foment the parte with hydrelâ—on or hydromell sometime bathe with water wherein hath beene sodden mallowes althea violettes extremities of calues mutton goates lambes such like with a certaine quantitie of oyle being taken out of the bath rubbe the parte with oyle of violettes sweete almondes hennes grease or mutton also rubbe the necke backe and head being rased with oyle of lillies vulpinum turpentine phâ—losophorum For the same purpose drie perfumes are good it shall bee good sometime to drawe bloud on the same side if there be plenitude with inflamation if there bee cacochymie purge the bodie of the humors which abound if the cause come of dolor or some bite of a venemous beast the dolor must be appeased and apply on the sore treacle and ventous to drawe out the venenositie CO. What is Paralisie LO It is a mollification or relaxation of the nerues with priuation of the moouing whereof there is two kindes vniuersall and particular CO. What is the vniuersall LO It is that which occupieth all the body sauing the head and if it occupie the head also it is called apoplexie which is an other kinde CO What is the particular LO It is that which possesseth occupieth one member onely as the hands feete tongue legs and such like CO. Which are causes LO Some are intern some externe Interne as grosse humor which moysteÌ„ the nerues in the braines the marrow in the which let the vitall spirit to passe Externe are wounds incisioÌ„ falles strokes conâ—usioÌ„ aposteme cold al outward things that may let the animall spirit to passe CO. Is it cureable LO Al paraliâ—â—es are difficill by reasoÌ„ the nerues are destitute of their natural heate which is the efficieÌ„t cause of curatioÌ„ yet some are cureable when the nerue hath lost the feeling mouing it is called Aploplexie when it commeth to one side it is called Resolution of the part CO. Howe is it cured LO By vniuersall and particular remedies vniuersall as purgations Clisters bleeding good diet hot and drie particular as emplasters linimentes ventoses cataplasmes fomentatioÌ„s also the balme of Guido who counselleth to applie ventouses in the beginning of the nerues Togatius counselleth a liquor set downe in ad ditionibus Petri apponensisde scriptionis mesue also to rubbe the neck back parts most offended with vnguentuÌ„ martiatum or agrippae CO. What is Sincope LO It is suddaine fall and decay of all the whole forces of the bodie and of al accidentes it is the worst CO. Which are the causes of it LO Great euacuation of blood inâ—emperatur of the noble partes vehement passion of the spirit feare lacke of courage rotten vapors as happen in pestilent feuers and all thinges that may intercept and destroy the vitall spirit CO. What is the cure LO First to encourage the sick speake little giue him a little wine cast water in his face and hold vineger at his nose drawe his extremities and chiefly the fingers and rubb the part affected with this Rec. olei costini terebanthine an vnc 2. misceantur et vngatur With this vnguent Rec. vnguenti martiati vnguenti Agrippae an vnc 1. se olei costini nardini et de piperibus an drag 1. sagapeni apopanocis dissolutorum in vino an drag 2. cerae parum fiat vnguentum quo vngatur neruorum origo CO. What is alienation LO It is an inordinat perturbation of the mind with diuersitie of speach wherof there are two kindes proper and accidentall the proper is that which we call madnes the accideÌ„tall is that which we call rauing as chanceth in hot feuers and other maladies wherein hot fumes ascend to the head or by hott and cold aire as saith Auicen also by putrifaction and venenositie of our meate and drinke and is cured by diuerting the fumes with frictions and ligators of the extremities vsing Clisters and rubbing the head and necke with Oxyrodinum CO. What is the fift thing to bee obserued in curing of woundes LO To conserue the substance and the temperature of the hurt parte and consolide the wounde which is done with vnguentes emplasters tentes plumations as ye shall heare in particular CO. Tell me some thing of plumatiens tentes and there vse LO Plumations are made of little peeces of cloth the threads drawen out or the peeces of cloth themselues woll or tow the pith of the Elder tree the haires of a hare gentian Of these some are round some triangulars and quadrangulars the auntients giue them diuers denominators eyther of the matter they were composed of or of their forme some are applyed drie others wet in diuers liâ—quors as whites of egges wine vineger or oyle according to the disposition of the part we apply them vnto Sometime we apply many otherwhiles few as the case requireth The tentes are sometime made of cloth other-whiles of sponges or rootes of certaine plantes of brasse lead siluer some caue within others not of length greatnes according to the hurt some are euen others crooked yet alwaies rounde and are vsed for diuers causes as when woundes are to be amplified or cleansed also in caue woundes with losse of substance in contused woundes altered by the aire also when the wound is affliged with phlegmon or any other tumor against nature also in woundes which come of biting for such wounds haue some venenositie In wounds with corruption of bone In all other woundes we vse not these thinges but induce the cicatrize and conâ—solide the wounde CO What is consolidation It is that which hath force to ioyne consolide and drie the wound maketh if like vnto the skin CO. Whaâ— skin is it LO It is nothing else but the fleshe made drie and harde by the worke of nature vertue of medicaments and is like the other skin but not of the same nature in all pointes CO There are many other thinges which may be spoken generally of wouÌ„des which for lacke of
time we will referre till our next meeting against which time I would haue you to bring mee in writing your opinion of woundes in particular aswell made by Gunshot as otherwise and then we will intreate of vlcers after the same manner The second Chapter of the particular and simple wound in the flesh without losse of Substance I haue spoken in the precedent Chapter that woundes in the organic parts receiue no curation now according to your direction I will prosecuâ—e these which happen in similare or simpler parts begining with the simple wouÌ„ds in the flesh which is without losse of subâ—tance either with accidentes or without As for the causes signesâ— Iudgmentes ye haue heard suffitiently in the precâ—dent Chapter but for the Cure the simple wound in the flesh healeth by ioyning the lippes of it together and help of nature yet for the more assurance we vse to let it blede a litle if it hath not bled suffitiently alredie next we dresse it with a cleane cloth or soft sponge then we close and put on it the white of an egge with lint binde the wounde and sturre it not in two or three dayes the white of the egge preserueth it from inflammation heate dolor and bleeding If the wounde be great that it ioyneth not by the simple lâ—gator we vse a future with pouders incarnatiue or retentiues composed of sâ—nguinis draconis thus mastick hollarmenie wheate flower all mingled with whites of egges and a little oyle of Roses with lint on it as before Also a double cloth broader than the wounde wet with oyle of Roses and vineger binde it and stirre it not for two or three dayes if accidentes do not chaunce and being remoued wash it with Claret wine wetting plumations in the same wine which haue the vertue drie comfort If the wound be depe these remidies not suffitient we make a liâ—quor of oyle of Hypericon Turpentine with the yolke of and an egge or a little of my balme set downe in the Chapter of Gunshot I vse especially following the warres this digestiue made of yolkes of egges hard rosted and beaten with a little oyle of hypericon Turpâ—ntine and Mirrh so this keepes a long time and bringeth the wounde to matter the which not auoyding for the situation which is to high wee situate the part in such sort that the orifice is lowest as for example if the wounde be in the thigh and there be a cauitie in the knee we situate the knee in such sort that is much higher than the thigh if it auoyde not that time and the cauitie be great we make incision in the bottome of the cauitie or cutte it altogether Thoâ— mayest knowe which of those issues is best by the greatnes of the wounde and nature of the part it shal be best to make it in the bottome of the cauitie vsing a hollow tent in it to auoyde the matter We vse also a seton which is a little corde or peece of cloth rolled in forme of a cord annoynted with some liquor mundificatiue drawing it sometime from one issue to an other and so continuing till it bee cleansed dressing it thrise a daye thereafter I vse some glutinatiue medicine as ye shall heare in the next Chapter The third Chapter of of the composed wound with losse of Substance THe Composed wounde is when there is losse of substance to wit skyn flesh and bones for the cure we vse two intentions that is reparation of the substaÌ„ce lost and induction of the cicatrize which is lost if the body be wel disposed is repaired by nature only vsing in the meane time medicameÌ„ts that are cleansing and drying If the flesh renue not in his fashion we vse medicameÌ„ts sarcotricks which shal be made of Iris of florence Thus Mastick Aloe Colâ—phonie Pix resnia Farina Hordei Orobi Fenugreci LupinoruÌ„ Apopanax Mirrha Saccocolla and sanguinis draconis with vnguentum aureum mesue If the wound be deepe mix some of these pouders with wine wash the wound with Turpentine in form of vnguent and put it in the wound either with plumations or tentes dresse it twise a day in SoÌ„mer and once in Winter vsing an emplaster that drieth and comforteth with bandages In these woundes there are foure intentions to bee obserued first to ingenâ—er such substance as is lost secondâ—e to know the temperature of the bodie and hurt part to the effect we may iudge whether the medicaments should be cold hot or drie thirdly to know the accidents which happeÌ„ to the sore fourthly the regioÌ„ aire way of life The swouÌ„de being filled vp we induce the cicatrze with epulotick medicameÌ„ts as red Deficcatiue album Rasis cerusse plantine also to wash the wound with wine wherein hath been sod balaust alluÌ„ or this emplaster Rec. tuthiae preporatae pluÌ„bi crudi antimoni crudi corticis mali granati balaustâ—â—ruÌ„ nucum gallarum boli armenici sanguinis draconis an drag 1. accipi antur omnia simul cum vngueÌ„to epompholigos onc 3. fiat magdaleon bone cousistentiae you shall finde diuers other remidies set downe by Holler Take heede that the cicatrize bee neither high lowe hard soft nor inequall the high happeneth when it is not dried enough and must be mended by scarrifications medicamentes catereticke s and corrosiues The low contrary wise commeth through lacke of some piece of boane or too much drying and is helped onely by frictions the inequalitie coÌ„meth through the pointes of the needles which hath beene ouer thicke and ill done and is helped by medicamentes emollientes discutientes and astringentes The fourth Chapter of the contused Wound THe contused wound to the which chaunceth great accidence according to the instrument it is done with is a kinde of solution of continuitie made with a bruise and is called by Galen and some late wtiters echymosis in the which there is separation and dilaceration of the flesh muscles thereof with great quantitie of bloud and differeth somewhat from attrition as saith Auicen for contusion happeneth in the fleshie partes and attrition is done in the head and ende of the muscles The signes are like vnto other woundes with inequalitie and roughnes in the flesh and skinne diuersitie of figure according to the diuersitie of the cause the part and partes about are blacke and liuide by reason of the bloud which is out of his place and remaineth in these partes and cannot be euacuated by sensible or insensible transpiration but by suppuration The Iudgementes shall bee according to the greatnesse of the hurt for great contusions are dangerous for the corruption of the member and consequently the bodie also As for the Cure there are foure intentions first to stay the fluxe if the contusion be with wound as oft happeneth next to stay the fluxion of humors on the part by euacuation as purgations bleeding ventousing
bee done with thinges that haue little or no mordification according to the nature of the part as this take sirupe of Roses violets fumitarie wormewood honey of Roses vnguent de apio apostolorum â—uscum egiptiacum or this take Turpentine honey of Roses Iris of Florence barley flower Succi apij of ech a little and make an vnguent If there be great putrifaction the matter in great abundance vse this Rec. terebâ—nthine onc 4. vitellorum ouoâ—um onc 2. vnguenti â—giptiaci drâ—g 1. fiat mixio The wouÌ„d being mundified and voide of all superfluitie we vse for the regeneration of flesh vnguentuÌ„ aureum basilicon maius emplastrum de betoniâ—a diapalma tetra pharmacum gratia dei oleum mastichini et absinthij mixe there with a litle flower of barley lupines and orob with Thus Mirh Mastick and Aloes Sometime we vse in these sortes of woundes a certaine drinke called potion vulnerar wherewith wee wash the wound and is thus made Rec. consolidae maioris et mediae serpentariae linguae canis ceruinae herbae Roberti glycirizâ— pimpinellae artemisiae scabiosae plantaginis aristolochiae agrimoniae betonicae pedis columbini capilli veneris ceut anreae maioris et minoris gaiaci sâ—lsâ—parâ—lle millefolij baccharum lauri of which all or some make a decoction in water and aromatize it with cinamond honey or sugar drinke of it twise or thrise a day as it is needefull and also thou maist wash the wound putting thereto a little honey of roses or sirupe of roses The wound being filled with flesh it must be dried with medicaments epupoloticks which by their astriction and drying do harden the flesh and make a substance like to skin as vnguentum desiccatiuum rubeuÌ„ diapompholigos album rasis dia calcitâ—â—s triapharmacuÌ„ cerussâ— de minio mixing therewith galbanum acasia sarcocolla pluÌ„bum et es vstum vitriolum allumen calxlota and such like The fift intention is in correcting the accidents which are diuers and great for some come by accideÌ„t or some sharp feeling of the part hâ—rt as dolor inflamatioÌ„ conuulsion feuer and such like some come through violence of the buÌ„llet as extinction of the naturall heate of the part hemoragie dilaceration contusion of the nerues fractures of the bones some by the ignorance of the Chirurgian for the which cause he must be diligent to stop such accidents if they happen to help them with speede The sixt Chapter of woundâ—s in the veines and Arters HAuing spoken sufficiently of woundes in the fleshe in like manner you shall heare of them in the veines and arters one or moe without with losse of substaÌ„ce which are accompanyed with flux of blood which coÌ„meth wheÌ„ there orifice is open and is done by incision imbecilitie of the veines abundance of blood or some sharp qualitie when their tunicks are deuided contused and pearced or else wheÌ„ the blood goeth through the veins as the sweate through the skin the tunickes and membranes are deuyded by some externall cause as contusioÌ„ ryding shooting falles in diuers manners The signes are these if the flâ—xe be of the arter or veine of the arter the bloode commeth leaping out subtilly red and hot If it be more grosse black and thick and not leaping it proceedeth of the veines as sayth Auiâ—en The Iudgments are if the blood come out in great abundance it is dangerous chiefly when there is eyther conuulsion belching or rauing if it be not stayed it causeth death because it is the treasure of life As for the Cure there are two intentions the first to stay the blood the second to conglutinat the wounde the blood is stayed by filling vp the wound with drie lint and aboue it an astringent or cloth wet in vineger if that stay it not remoue the lint often wet it in vineger which staunceth it much for these thinges cold and mordicant stay flux of blood in the wounds or make this medicament of bolarmenie sanguinis draconis thuris aloes of each like quantitie mixe them with the white af an egge and the haires of an olde hare cut small thereafter binde it reasonable straight wetting the bands clothes all about it in oxycrate touch it not in foure dayes in touching remoue all very softly if it flick to humect it with oyle whites of eggs or wine Some to stay blood put these pouder in the whund wich I haue somtime vsed viz. maÌ„s blud dried with burnt cloth wherwith thou shalâ— fill the wouÌ„d full some apply veÌ„touses frictioÌ„s ligators on the parts opposite some hold their thumbe long on the mouth of the veine which is a good remedie for the blood coÌ„gealeth in the veine so stanceth If for al these remedies it stanceth not we apply on the veine or arter a little linâ— wet in vineger with a little pouder of vitriol otherwise wee knit them as was taught in the Chapter of Aneâ—â—risme if that cannot be done we canterize theÌ„ with hot IroÌ„s taking heede to touch the parts neâ—â—ous Shelander counselleth the gum lemnium soddeÌ„ Rennish wine which hath many vertues for it digesteth mundifieth incarnateth is good in wounds of the head as saith Matheolus If none of these staunch flux of blood it is dangerous if it be in the matrix intestins or bladder it shal be stayed by iniections of iuyce of plantine and such like the blood being stayed the wound is healed as others hauing regard to the part for as the veine is more drie than the flesh and more soft than the arter so it must haue contrarie remedies in like manner the wound in the arter is harder to be healed than that in the veine Sometime there coÌ„meth such flux of blood at the nose that it is hard to staunch for the which take an ounce of boll the barke of Pomegarnet tree balaust and galles of each 3. drammes seede of white Poppie 2. drammes incorporat altogether with the white of an egge and vineger and apply on the temples and nose if by this the violent flux doe not stay take foure graines of my requies which infallibly stayeth all fluxes The seauenth Chapter of wounds in the nerues and parts Neruous CVttes and thrustes in the nerues chaunce in diuers parts of our body and in diuers maners according to the instrument it is done with some are simple others composed superficiall profound according to the diuersitie of the which we must diuersifie the remedie The causes ye haue heard in the generall Chapter The signes are knowne by offending of the mouing feeling and by the vehemeÌ„t dolor which causeth fluxion feuer spasme rauing inflamatioÌ„ fluxioÌ„ on the nerues The iudgments are that all wouÌ„ds in parts neruous are daÌ„gerous for the great coÌ„munication they haue with the braines and the nerue halfe cut is more dangerous and dolorous than if it were all cut which if so be the action of
singulorum onc di cerae et olei an quaÌ„tum sufficit fiat vnguentum with defensiues of bol If for all this the vlcer augment and grow worse we vse more strong remedies to consume the putrefaction as canters actuals or rasors or medicaments that haue vertue to make a scale according to the saying of Hipp. that which healeth not by medicaments it healeth eyther by iron or fire which shall be continued till ye come to the good flesh and shall be knowne by the colour Arsenic or vitriol roman is good to separate the rotten from the whole being mixed with aquauitae honney and egiptiac If by all these remedies ye profite not but that the euill doth augment the parte must be cutte off for the safetie of the rest as counselleth Celsus The sixt Chapter of the Vlcer difficill to heale called Cacoethes YEe haue heard that some Vlcers are easie some hard and some indifferent but those vlcers which heale not after all thinges duely vsed are called Cacoethickes or malignes and long in healing and by Galen dispulotica The Cause is the euill temperature of the bodie as if the humors be vitiated called by the Greekes cachochymie or if there bee aboundance of humors called by the Greekes plethorie they must be also euacuated also that that the callositie or intemperie in the parte must be taken away The Signes are the diuturnitie of the Vlcer the indisposition and malice of the humor the hardnesse and callositie of the lippes tumified there commeth Sanie in quantitie but thin euill sauoured little dolor sometime healeth and oft openeth vp againe chiefely in the feet and legges As for the Cure ye must take away the cause and reduce the parte to the naturall otherwise it is impossible to heale it If there bee plenitude cachochymie intemperie either of all the bodie or some parte interne as the lyuer the milte the stomacke or else of the part vlcered about it vice in the humor or some varix roundnesse and hardnesse of the vlcer first ye must purge the body as yee shall finde expedient bleede if cause require vse good dyet eate thinges that ingender good humors vsing decoction of falseperell made thus Take salseperâ—ll onc 4. guiac onc 1. di macerentur per noctem in lib. 8. aquae purissimae bulliat lento igne ad consumptionem mediae partis addendo in fine saniculi buglossi pilosellae pimpernellae quinque neruiâ— gaâ—â—ophillate consolidae maioris et minoris capillâ—rium omnium an m. di glicerize rase onc di fiat decoctio capiat summo mane et sudet et a prandio onc 4. sine sudore et aliis horis si voluerit This is a most excellent helpe for all vlcers If the fault be in the liuer milte or stomacke corroborate these partes by aduise of the learned Physitian if the fault be in the part vlcered eyther beeing tumified with varix such accidentes it shall be corrected as in vlcers sanious as also if it be rounde If the fault be in the humors which occupie the vlcer they must be euacuated All Vlcers which are difficill to cicatrize must haue the bloud about them euacuated either by scarrifications or horsleaches and washing it with allom water and such as ye haue heard in vlcer putride If the parte about the vlcer be blacke liuide or redde scarrifie it and euacuate wel the bloud applying a drie sponge with medicamentes defensiues as in vlcers sanious If the lippes of the vlcer be callius hard and liuide it must be consumed with medicamentes if not that way weâ—â—t the hardnesse to the quicke flesh and let it bleede well to diuertise the fluxion intercept the cause of the hardnesse These thinges all obserued thou shalt followe out the rest of the cure as is set downe in the simple vlcer The seuenth Chapter of Vlcer with corruption of the Boane THere are some Vlcers which after they are healed and cicatriced a certayne space become tumified suppure and renue the vlcer agayne which chaunceth when the vlcer hath beene long in healing maligne fistulous gangrenous cancrenous by the defluxion of the humor in the proper substance of the boane as wee see in the virulence of the venerian sickenesse the which consumeth the periost rotteth the boane and consumeth the bloud which is the proper nouriture thereof also application of oyle or thinges vnctuous on the boane which corrodeth This corruption commeth by degrees first becomming fat through the humor which is soaked in it next either black or rotten and is knowne by the mattir that commeth from it which is viscous and stincking also great store of spongious flesh the corruption is also knowne by the sight not being white as it ought also by the sounde not equall but knottie and soft For the Curation after remedies vniuersall let there be vsed a good dyet purging and bleeding and vsing this potioÌ„ in the morning not eating foure houres afore nor three after Rec. hor dei mundi partes 3. gentianae partes 2. centaureae minoris parta 1. coquantur in vino albo putting to it a little gaiac this potion is good for the suppuration of the boanes as is learnedly written by Togatius The particular remedies are of three kinds that is rougins canters potentiall and actuall before the application of the which we must be assured what quantitie of the boane is altered then incise the vlcer discouer that which is offended and if the rottennesse be but superficiall we vse rougin till we perceiue the bloud which sheweth it not to be altered The boane which is neere consumed as in the head and such places as be neere the noble partes and ioynts and in the ridge of the backe we vse also the rougin with this pouder of the rootes of aristoloohia iris florentiae corticis pini thuris aloes sâ—oriae aeris an partes aequales stampe them in aquauitae and drie them in an ouen which shall bee done twise or thrise and lay these pouders on the boane with the emplaister diacalciteos or betonica ye may also mixe these pouders with a little honney or aureum If these thinges be not sufficient and the alteration be greater we vse canters potentiall as oyle of vitriol oyle of cloues mercurie camphire sulphure salis antimonij incense and such like But if the rottennesse be great fat and vnctious wee apply canters actualls once or twise to separate the whole from that which is rotten perfunding till the outmost of the altered thing which ye shall know when there commeth no more humiditie if you continue them longer you consume the humiditie naturall which shoulde ingender fleshe betwixt the rotten and the whole for the which haue good Iudgement This remedie hath vertue to corroborate and comfort the parte and drieth and consumeth the euill humors and helpeth the separation the which beeing perceiued shake it by little and little and draw it not by force if
it be drawne before the flesh be growne on the whole the ayre will alter the other also Of this remedie commeth no dolor if yee touch nothing but the boane after the canters are applyed we vse oyle of roses with whites of egges for the first two dayes then mixed with whites of egges and fresh butter with honney thereafter some mundificatiue till the boane bee exfoliated and then vse the powder aboue written mixed with honney to incarnate cicatrize thereafter consolide the vlcer If the rottennes come to the marow and the bone be all corrupted there is no remedy but amputation except in the head haunch and rigge backe in the which we vse remidies palliatiues as ye haue heard The eight Chapter of the vlcers Cancrous and their Curation HAuing intreated heretofore of Cancer in generall here we will speke of the vlcered which as saith Guydo is an vlcer round horrible hauing the lippes thick harde inequall sordide turned ouer cauernous euill fauoured of colour liuide and obscure accompanied with many veines full of Melancholick blood voyding a matter virulent sanious worse than the venim of beastes subtill waterie black or red It is so called for two causes as saith Auicen the one because it cleaueth so fast to the part as cancer to that which it taketh holde of the other because it hath veines about like the feete of the cancer The cause commeth of the cancer vnulcered and vlcers euill cured and by the humors Melancholicke which come from all the partes of the bodie which do putrifie and heate so acquir a sharpnes and venenositie and breede cancer The signes are these the cancer vlcered is still redde caue to the profound of the member casting a virulent matter in great abundance pricking dolor and irriteth by the application of remidies and operation manuall so not to bee touched and therefore called Noli me tangere The Cure generall consisteth in purgation and dyet as in tumors cancrous Guydo coÌ„mendeth a potion made of capillars herbi Roberti scrofuralia centâ—nodie Treacle and Methridate are good for they cause venim to come out in the skin The particular is if it be in such a place that it may not bee taken away with the braunches it shal be done by incision canterization or corrosion and that the blood be all well exprimed out of the veines thereafter canterize it with such as haue force to consume the euill humor quoniam in extremis morbis extrema sunt adhibenda remedia The arsnic sublimat is excellent for it mortifieth in one day cancers fiâ—â—ules and other strang maladies apply defensiues and anodins produce the fall of the scale as in the vlcer precedeÌ„t When ye perceiue that there is neither stink nor viruleÌ„cie but good flesh heale it as other vlcers If it be in any part that it may not be thus handled or the patient wil not or that it is incureable wee vse palliatiue remedies the which consist chiefly in good dyet abstayning from things contrarie vsing good things therafter euacuation generall purgations bleeding applying on the part medicameÌ„tis corroboratiues linimentes and refrenantes to diuert the fluxion with proper medicines as this take the iuyce of scabius solani an onc 2. plumbi vsti loti vngueÌ„ti pompholigos an onc di vnguenti albi onc 2. diacalciteos onc di oleum â—mphacinum paruÌ„ agitentur in mortario plumbeo There are diuers other proper medicamentes for this effect as succus solani spima argenti cerâ—sae olei an partes equales contundantur et agitentur in mortario plumbeo donec haheant colerem plumbi When there is great dolor seeth althea in wine and honey putting thereto a little oyle of roses to make a cataplasme also wash the vlcer with wine wherein tapsus barbatus hath been sodden There are diuers vnguents and liniments set downe afore in the tumor Cancrous The nynth Chapter of the vlcer fistulous FIstula is an vlcer deepe straight round cauernous with great hardnes callositie froÌ„ whence procedeth an humor virulent Paulus Aegineta saith it is a sinuosity callous not dolorous in diuers parts of the bodye chiefly after apostemes not wel cured hemorroides which haue run loÌ„g as also apostemes hemoroidall Of it there are diuers sorts the causes are as in vlcers cauernous but the humor which proceedeth froÌ„ it is worse coÌ„ming of an euil phlegmatick melancholick adust causing a bitternes venenositie The signes are knowne by the sound by the humor that coÌ„meth out which is viruleÌ„t stinking not dolorous except it be neare the nerue Galen calleth it a siring because it is caue within Paulus compareth it to the reede that haue cauities as also Aetivs The Iudgments some heale easily some are long in healing some are incureable Fistules with many cauernes are difficill as saith Celsus those that are nere to any noble part as in the thorax allo in the bladder matrix intestins are all perillous mortall those in the ribbes back ioynts are suspect and of difficill curation Fistules in the fundament which haue the orifice exterior are hard to heale all fistules in bodies euill disposed are of long curatioÌ„ There are diuers sorts of fistules for some are superficiall others do penetrate some a slope some right some simple others composed with one or moe sinuosities some end in the flesh some in the bones and some in the cartilages As for the cure we must first coÌ„sider by the iudgment sound the deepenes and cauernosities if it be callons and endeth eyther in tendons cartilages or bones or penetrateth within all which things coÌ„sidered we ordayn the way of life purg the body according to the nature of the humor therafter corroborate the parts intern with this potioÌ„ which hath oft been experimeÌ„ted by old authos Re. hordei mundi scrofuraliae an partem vnaÌ„ agremoniae centaâ—â—reâ—â— plaÌ„taginis minoris an partes duas aristolochiae partem di folioruÌ„ oliâ—ae filopendulae an partes duas scindaÌ„tur omnia minutim pisleÌ„tur bulliant in vino albo cum parruÌ„ saccari Of this decoctioÌ„ ye shal take a draught euery morning 4. houres afore meate The particular remedies coÌ„sist in 4. things first to dilate orifice if it be stright which shal be done by tents of gentiaÌ„ briony spoÌ„g prepared ciclamin if the fistule doth penetrate depe tie a thread to the tent the orifice being dilated we come to the secoÌ„d point to take away the câ—llosity which is done either incisioÌ„ or caÌ„terization or by remedies causticks corrosiues or to cut it with sheres or rasor or with such remedies as ye haue heard in vlcers caneruons If it be profound such kind of places where it may be knit we put a needle with a strong thread through it and knit the thread euery day more and more till it bee consumed
an emplastrum of mastick or halfe a beane clouen with a compresse bandage Some feare this kind for that the blood is ill to stay and also for an Aneufrisme it is good in long dolors of the side all dolors that procede frō a hot pituitous substāce also for swining giddines long defluxion on the eyes The 2. Chapter of Boxing and Ventousing VEntousing which the Latines call Ventosatio is no other thing but application of an instrument either for the euacuation of some humor vnder the skinne or to diuerte the course of an humor to some other parte and to draw away such thinges as is hurtfull that nature cannot chace forth and also to drawe out winde in some parte of the bodie It is called cucurbitula or pixis made of brasse horne glasse wood or earth in diuers formes some shorte some long necked for the most part wide bellied and are called ventoses a ventre as saith Auicen some are bigge some lesse according to the proportion of the member the mouth is reasonable wide the lippes round and thicke and are applied most commonly in diuers partes of our bodie They are sometime applyed with scarrification extraction of bloud otherwhiles without scarrification as also on diuers parts of our bodie according to the cause as to draw out some hurtfull humor of the bodie with scarrification and extraction of bloud First we apply them in the necke to euacuate the humor from the head for heauinesse of the head fluxions on the eyes affections of the face and stincke in the mouth secondly wee apply them on the middest of the necke behinde for difficultie of breath and cough thirdly vnder the chinne and sides of the necke for dolors and vlcers of the mouth corruption of the gummes Migrim Opthalmie sore teeth Fourthly on the shoulders for diseases in the Thorax pleuresie spitting of bloud affections on the shoulders of repletion for many affections of the head and throat Fiftly on the region of the reines good for apostumes and dolors of the reines lyuer Sixtly on the middest of the armes for dolor in those partes and in stead of bloudding and is vsed both in olde and young Seuenthly on the os sacrum and thereabouts is good for the hemerroides and fistules in the fundament Eightly on the middest and rootes of the thighes and is good to prouoke the monethly course for Strangurie dolors of the matrix bladder and kidneis The ventouses without scarrification which we call drie ventousing are applyed for the most part in a xi places First on the open of the head for relaxation of Vuula and to stay the rheume as saith Galen Secondly vpon the hypocondres to diuerte the bleeding at the nose as saith Galen when the right nosethrill bleedeth put the ventouses on the region of the lyuer if the left side on the milt so in like manner on all partes that bleede wee put the ventouses on the parte opposite for the communication that the vesselles haue one with an other Thirdly on the pappes to diuerte the purgations that runne much and for the ventositie about the lyuer Fourthly in the beginning of the nerues for Palsie Fiftly on the nauell for the windie collicke Sixtly on the flancke for ventositie of the milte Seuenthly on the nauell or wombe to reduce the intestine or matrix fallen and ventosities in the bellie and dolors which happen in time of purgations Eightly wee apply them on vritors to drawe downe the stones and grauell to the bladder Ninthly on the eares and mouth of vlcers to drawe out any thing contayned therein also for drawing out of poyson Tenthly if any where there is mattir deepe to drawe it out to the superfice as in bubons venerians also in parotides maligne or in any other parte where neede is to drawe any thing to the superfice Eleuenthly on the necke for Squinancie Thinges requisite before the applying of Ventouses FIrst if the body be plethoricke it must be taken away by bleeding otherwise the ventousing is noysome next if the bloud or humors be thicke we vse to foment the place with hotte water rubbe it long with a hotte cloth that ye neuer scarrifie except the application of the drie ventouses haue preceded because the bloud must first bee drawne to the place before it be vacuated that it be not applyed in the bath but an houre or two after The way to apply the ventouses THe Ventouses are applyed with hardes being fastened to the bottome with a little waxe or emplaister to holde it that it fall not on the skinne that being done light them and apply them on the parte Some vse two or three piece◠of waxe candles put on a piece of a carde money or golde the breadth of a crowne being lighted set them on the middes of the parte thereafter apply the ventouse and beeing applyed a certaine space ye shall for to take it away presse the fleshe vnder the lippe of it to let in the ayre and so it shall fall which beeing done make certaine scratches in the skinne with a launcet sometime many otherwhiles fewe in delicate folke and children wee make fewe scarrifications if the bloud be thicke make the scarrifications profound if the humor and bloud be subtill the scarrifications must bee superficiall and apply the ventouses as before let it remayne a reasonable time and euacuate the bloud as ye shall finde expedient if not sufficiently at one time ye may reiterate twise or thrise alwayes scarrifiyng especially when there is venenositie or malignitie in the place by reason of the bloud being thicke and grosse That beeing done it shall be very necessary and expedient to drie the place with a softe cloth annoynt it with oyle of roses butter cerat Galen or rosat Mesnes and sleepe an houre after The third Chapter of Horsleaches or Bloudsuckers and their Effectes THese little beastes which the Latines call Sanguisuga or Hirudines in our toungue Horsleaches are little wormes the length of two inches or three great like to a goose quill well knowne to all Chirurgians ingendred in fresh water pondes pooles of the which there are two sortes the one maligne as those which are bread in rotten standing water where carrion hath bene cast of the which come great accidentes as tumor inflamation vlcers apostumes venenous as we reade of one Messelinus who dyed by putting one on his knee Therefore wee must abstayne from those that haue the head greater then the rest of the body and are greene coloured glittering with blew rayes on the backe the rest of the bodie being blacke we must chuse such as are found in cleane water in pondes and sandie ground that haue their head little and bodies small round red bellied the backes rayed like threedes of golde such shall bee kept a day or two in cleane water to purge them afore they be applyed as also to cause them drawe the