71. Concerning the Blooding of Children p. 72. The Vertues of Testaceous Medicaments p. 73. What are meant here by such p. 75. The extravagant giving of Opiats hath been introduced through the ignorance of their use ib. That Narcoticks are neither necessary nor safe for Infants p. 77. The danger of all Warm Medicaments and Cordials in the cure of these tender Ones is observed p. 78. Whether the using Testaceous Medicaments doth produce Obstructions p. 79. What my Opinion is about the Crissis p. 80. What is to be determin'd concerning the use of Precipitating Medicaments p. 82. How very gentle Fevers do frequently become such as are called Malignant p. 84. The constant Practice amongst the Turks in curing the Plague p. 86. The Notion of Malignity is refelled p. 87. What Sudorificks and in how much they are of use p. 88. An account of the Fever that was Epidemick last year p. 89. Of the difficult breeding of Teeth of Infants and its Cure p. 91. The Cure of Thrushes p. 94. How a Flux is to be cured p. 96. And their Vomiting p. 98. What are the Specificks for their Gripes p. 99 What are best in Convulsions p. 100. The Specificks of the Ancients against Convulsions have not those Virtues they ascribed to them p. 101. An Example of a Girl seized with most severe Convulsions and recovered by things of no value p. 102. Some things about the Small Pox and Measles of Infants p. 105. An Argument taken from the Nature of the Small Pox against the custom of too warm Traitment p. 106. Examples of sundry Infants cured of their Fevers by this my Method p. 109. A remarkable Instance of the Hurt of Aloeticks in the Fevers of these Young Ones p. 125 The cure of a Boy almost destroyed by an abundance of Worms p. 129 The description of a Black Mineral and its comparison with the common Preparation p. 130 An Objestion against the fore-going Method 133 The Reply ib. What my thoughts are concorning Chymistry 134 The excellency of the Works of Nature in relation with those of Art p. 137 The Conclusion p. 138 An Exact ENQUIRY Into and Cure of the Acute Diseases OF INFANTS WHEN but last Summer I had discoursed the most skilful and accomplished Physician Mr. Sydenham about the frequent Success I have had in the Cure of the most dangerous Diseases of Infants That very Learned Man did seriously inquire what method I did take in so lame that I may say no more and so defective an Affair of which the most famed Physicians have had so small knowledge Before him then did I most willingly expose that way which of all pleased me most and which he after tryal did not only not disprove but confirming it by his own experience and declaring it most useful to others did most earnestly desire me to recommend it to the World By the persuasion then of so Learned a Man I take my Pen and to my power do consult the Health of my Country I know in how unfrequented and unknown a Path I am to walk since Children and especially sick Infants offer nothing for a clear Diagnostick but what we can collect from their moaning Complaints their uncertain Idiom of frowardness wherefore very many Physicians of the best Vogue have often declared to my self what unwilling Visits they made to Sick but especially New born Children hoping little from these Notices for the unridling of their Maladies No doubt we should as diligently inquire after a perfect Cure of Childrens Diseases as of any other thing that may seem wanting in Medicine neither do rich men who do desire or would preserve the Health of the Heirs of their vast Properties and Possessions trust much to this but all Parents who with an invincible Affection do as eagerly maintain the Health of their Young ones as their own Wherefore if I shall give some small light which advanced by the polished wit of other men that may render this rude and imperfect Work more absolute and exact I shall not repent me of my Undertaking but shall take it in very good part Who therefore will diligently ponder the Symptoms of the Youngest Infants which are most evident or whoever shall seriously reflect upon their delicate Constitution and most simple Diet shall find this not so difficult a Task as he formerly conceived For I do not doubt to assert the Diseases of that Age generally to be but very few and only to differ in degree yea that the Cure of Infants is far more easie and safe than that of Men and Women As of all Ages that of old People is with very much ado changed to better because of the dryness and hardness and almost flinty temper of all their Solid Parts so without doubt the Younger because of their delicate and mucilaginous Tenderness are apt to receive any alteration imaginable For these Parts of an Old Man are dry and wither'd which in Infants are most humid viz. their Bones Membranes Ligaments Arteries Veins Nerves and the very musculous Flesh Sith that even the Bones of Infants may be more properly termed Cartilages and now being they do abound with so much natural and acquired moisture that their Bodies are perfectly soft and flexible that temperament and constitution is very justly said to be the most humid And as the constitution of Children is most humid so I dare not to pronounce all their Diseases to be of one kind and to be produced from one and the same cause and that the Maladies of the however different parts of the Body whether they be the uppermost or nethermost as the Stomach Intestines Lungs Head or Nerves are variously and most affected are of the same Nature under divers and sundry Names In which assertion that I may not seem rashly to maintain a Paradox you may hear Hippocrates himself in his Book of Winds or Vapours speaking of one and the same Universal Cause of Diseases 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. The Rise of all Diseases is one and the same The place only maketh the difference VVherefore Diseases seem to have nothing of Relation because of the diversity of their places when tho there is but one Species and the same Cause of all Diseases Wherefore if we shall consider the nature of the Moisture of Children we shall not find it possible to degenerate into any defect or putridness but that which is acid For with whatsoever Disease they are affected however named by the Authors seldom or never could I find wanting Excrements of a very sour smell and an abundance of tart and acid Belchings especially in the beginning But also almost all Liquors that do tend to putrefaction do naturally contract an acor or sharpness Yea Milk it self the proper Food of that tender Age if keeped for some time becometh sour and doth coagulate upon the Fire without the addition of any other Acid. Moreover all the Symptoms of Childrens Diseases do justly reckon their beginning from an Acid. With
break through so the Wound is promiscuously inflicted without any necessity and very often with as little help when upon the second occasion which should be diligently observed it is only requisite There is something else to the same purpose not unworthy our observing That viz. some Chyrurgions when they are ordered to lay open the Swelling Gum do it with a common Lancet which hath ruined a great many For being a Cicatrix is so easily induced upon a Wound made by this thin Instrument neither doth there any hole abide through which the Tooth may break so this operation is altogether useless and all other Remedies are neglected for the time Physitians therefore should take care that this Incision be made with a more convenient Instrument whether that be a Pen knife or any other which riseth in the back like a Razor Being Thrushes do proceed from the sharp Vapour of that inward Flame which doth fret and pinch the tender Skin of their mouth even as the other inward parts of the Body we should only make choice of these things that do most powerfully defeat and blunt this Acrimony But Gargarisms and Medicines for washing the Mouth are of no use in this case For Infants can by no means wash their Mouth unless it may be thought to be done accidentally in the swallowing down because every thing that 's given them to wash with must go further yea that every Humour which by Coughing is cast into their Throat immediately falleth into their Stomach if it be not attended with Vomiting Neither is that stuff whereof Gargarisms are made so intirely innocent that they can safely be given to Children It 's certain that these Thrushes however they disturb or hinder their Sucking shall be removed by Testaceous and gently purging Medicaments neither do I see why we should too learnedly use so great Art for the attaining of that Design when fewer and more simple Remedies may have these most safe and excellent Effects But the reason why the superfice of the mouth is so convenient for the producing of Thrushes when no parts else of the Body are blistred is because the same Skin which cloatheth the mouth is communicated by a continued Series by the Gullet unto the Stomach Wherefore these sharp Vapours which do proceed from a preternatural Effervescency of the Body about the Hypochondres are carried upward as from a Caldron by the vent of the mouth and do very easily communicate their blemish to the membrane of that part Therefore doth the delicate taste of the tongue so readily distinguish all relishes Lastly upon this account are Physicians by their looking upon the Tongue able to judge of the prevailing temperament of the Body The Flux of Infants proceeding from a mixture of Humours falling down into the Intestines or from a swelling of Bile with an Acid which is in great abundance in that place is neither to be arrested by Astringents properly so called or Narcoticks For Astringents do cause a reflux of these sharp Humours upon the more noble parts which doth cast such as are of the most humid and fluid Constitution into the greatest danger of their life Narcoticks indeed do allay for some time the furios swelling of the Humours that as often they may afterward break out with greater force Moreover the delicate strength of these young Children and which is much weakned by the Disease is seldom able to endure the mighty operation of Opiats but with the greatest hazard But such Medicines as do appease that sharpness the great spring of all their trouble are given with greater safety are more agreeing with their Constitution Though the use of Diascordium and the like which do consist of both these sorts of Medicines be in such cases where there is no Fever of very great use and advantage yet it is well known that these do not want their danger in the Fevers of Infants and that Chalk Corall Pearls and others of that kind which mitigate these unruly Humours without the kindling of new heat that at length they may be purged off with Rhubarb are of wonderful use for the overcoming of these Symptoms and bringing a more safe Relief It is most evident that they are of as great use in Vomiting as Fluxes For so long as that which is the trouble lodgeth in the Region of the Stomach and Acidity doth most exert its power in the first Passages these Medicines do impart what strength they have pure and intire unto the Ventricle Vomits as the Salt of Vitriol Vomiting wine Emetick Tartar c. seem to some by far preferable to all other Medicines but if considerations from their tender Age and great feebleness have any place in giving of Vomits and if the easie solution and purging off of Coagulations can be procured effectually enough yea more safely by things that offer no violence to Nature and bring the like into no danger than by Vomiting or Stupifying Medicines truly a prudent Physician will abstain from and abhor all such Neither do they only avail in all Fluxes but for the Gripes of Infants from whatever cause for which they are not only excellent but Proper and Specifick If there be any such I do not think the Jesuits Bark the best of all the Medicaments of this Age more Specifick for Intermitting Fevers neither Opium that other famous Medicine more properly to allay Watching and Pains that these afore-mention'd Testaceous Medicines do the Gripes of Infants For albeit any curious person may perhaps find among th'almost innumerable Experiments that do happen by so many Infirmities borrowed from Mothers in the great variety of Constitutions some single instance here and there that may impugn my Hypothesis yet that is to be intirely attributed to the Constitution very much depraved and not to any defect of the strength of the Medicine It is most certain that the Barks it self commended all the World over for a Specifick is not altogether convenient for Asthmatick people either affected with an Intermitting or remitting Fever Yet it is most deservedly esteemed the best of Specificks for Diseases of that kind and especially for those of the first Yea our Testaceous Medicines to which if you add a little Castoreum shall be found of more innocent Faculties and to have greater force against Convulsions or Epilepsies very often improperly so called either from the decay of strength or from the sharpness of the morbifick Matter extimulating the Nerves however they have hitherto been thought trifles and of no value by some than either the Antepileptick Waters which warm very much these tender ones or the Volatile Spirits which like fire break through all the parts of their Body and which very often do produce most ardent Heat from a very small beginning For being the inward coat of the Stomach is wholly Nervous and therefore the fitter to transmit the vertue of the Food and Medicaments into the inward parts of the Body and being the Spirits of this as these of
the other parts of the Body are irritated and set on irregular motions I think it most necessary that the cure be performed with these Remedies which absorbe the Acrimony that offends the Nerves and truly allay the tumult of the Spirits and induce sleep without stupefaction and not with such as make greater Confusion and encrease that Heat which so much aboundeth Very many things esteem'd Specificks for Convulsions whose Names I conceal being they are most common in the mouths of all have been commended as well by the greatest Authors as the most famous Practitioners Yet their Vertues for as much as I could observe did never answer my expectation In the Convulsive Paroxysms of Infants seeing they do constantly arise from the sharp Matter of the preceding Gripes that doth vellicate the Nerves those things which obtund allay or blunt the Acid without any new heat or warm'th of Body one those which carry off the Acidity thus Defeated and despoiled of all its Angles shall at length after all other things tried in vain be found only of sufficient force for vanquishing this formidable Symptom I had a great confirmation of this assertion in the Daughter of James Lowry a Girl scarce a year old who was seized with the greatest the most violent and most frequent Convulsions that ever I did see which had disquieted her Lips Eyes Joints yea and all her Body with very small intermission for many days before I visited her She was very pale and of a most formidable aspect her Belly was constipate and the little that was cast out was very green She howled with a high voice for as much as her strength seem'd to be cast down so that she raised the compassion of the Neighbourhood During all these Convulsions and Colick-pains she scarce consumed a spoonful of Food but was sustained by some sort of Cordial I assisted and happily cured this miserable Infant with no other Medicaments but some Ounces of Crabs-eyes mixed with Crystal of Tartar She was constrained to swallow down a scruple or more of this most simple powder every hour in Pennyroyal Water or the like after the frequent giving of them she fell upon sleep and had these Convulsions much lessened I ordered a Clyster of sugared and salted Milk to be frequently injected until at length the Crystal of Tartar which doth not only purge very gently but is also very aperient if it be taken in sufficient quantity had made way for it self down ward By these few and no greater Train of Medicines was this Infant seemings devoted to Death unexpectedly indeed recovered to perfect Health But I do not understand that I may quietly say so why we should further torment these tender Ones vexed with Convulsions and destroyed with Watching and Disquiet with Vesicatories applied to their Neck or other Parts being that kind of remedy seemeth more proper and designed to rouze from stupefaction those that are affected with a Coma. Why may not I add that since I first used this commended method for the curing of Infants at my first entry I have seen many seized with Convulsions and some so weakn'd with them that they had no strength to swallow down any kind of Medicament but that I do not remember of any of these tender ones that being perfectly cured by the use of these Powders ever suffered a Relapse The Small Pox and Maesles of Infants being very often a gentle and calm effervescency of the Blood they are not so sick when neither the assistance of Physitians is desired nor the great Skill of the Nurses who think so well of themselves is craved But when the unruly force of the Blood doth justly require the help of the Physitian the Testaceous Medicaments so frequently spoken of have the same effects with Children that Narcoticks have with People of full Age. But these Volatile Spirits which are so much used the Cordial Waters Mithridate the Treacle of Andromachus and the rest of these hot Preserving and Diaphoretick Remedies are chiefly to be eschewed which are designed to thrust out with more haste than good speed these Pushes but which instead of being Cordial and Expulsory as is pretended do very often change the naturally gentle Small Pox into such as are more dangerous and do move disturb and turn inward the Measles otherwise easily disappearing from upon the Superfice of the Skin introducing deadly Difficulties of breathing and thoaking Catarrhs and lastly they seem most designed to inflame the Blood which is yet but moderately and slightly warmed Reflecting upon the nature of the Small Pox I have frequently admired how this hot kind of guiding hath so much prevailed not only among the foolish Nurses but Physitians otherways very learned being this Disease is so very hot and being all Suppurating Medicines properly so called which are ordinarily applied to any one or more swelled parts of the Body that tend to Suppuration should be by the general consent of all Physitians and Chyrurgeons very temperate as are the Roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies the Leaves of Mallows Althaea Bear-foot the Meals of Lin-seed Foenugreek-seed Wheat Butter Fat Oyl the Yolk of an Egg Mucilages Marrow and the like which are not hot For hot Remedies either taken inwardly or outwardly applied are truly discussing and ratifying and of a quite contrary nature to the former Moreover these do really disturb Nature in her work of Suppuration and necessarily drive all into a strange confusion Wherefore Testaceous Medicaments whose strength and vertue is most temperate which in their benign and gentle Nature are next to those that suppurate which exceedingly resist the Universal Corruption of the Body and lastly which neither interrupt the Animal or Natural Functions or render them irregular are of all the most eligible for the cure of the Small Pox. I could maintain at more length this Cause and so extend the limits of this Work beyond measure But I will not longer detain the Reader with Scholastick Impertinencies which are altogether useless in Practice I will not not hunt after an Umbrage and Shadow of more than ordinary Learning by the specious Citations of Authors cavilling among themselves and lastly I will not subtilly undermine the Opinions of other men that I may triumph over their Ignorance and that upon any account I may establish my own For I know very well how hard a task it is to enquire narrowly into the verity and truth of things I know that he hath come nighest to the Truth of any thing who shall be found to have erred least however men do upon any trifling occasion let up their Crests and assume a degree of perfect Knowledge in this or another Science when Men can make no progress beyond the natural Limits of their Weakness and Frailty And truly the more knowing any Man is than another the more humbly and submissively doth he demean himself But there seemeth to me to be a certain moderate comprehension of things and bounded with the same
most easily be demonstrated from the great use Aristotle made of the Works of his Ancestors especially of those of Ocellus Lucanus though he handed them down unto Posterity as his own So he and his Followers in this Reformation fixing their Thoughts only on Words and the end of their Contemplations and Reasonings about little more than Sounds the result of all was nothing but Noise and wrangling about Sounds without convincing or bettering a Man's Vnderstanding Which the Ingenious and most Famous Des Cartes has exercised in great measure and stoutly asserted our liberty in Disquisition against that Tyrant of Men's Minds for which no Generation shall ever mention him without due Praise Yet his Followers have very much endeavoured to bring the World back into that Slavery and Bondage their Master had but lately freed it from whilst they set up a clear Deduction of all Truths from their Masters Principle as if all that boundless Extent were the natural and undoubted Possession of their Vnderstandings wherein there is nothing exempted from its Decision or that escapes its Comprehension They do not remember how much their Master was and they are obliged to Experimental Philosophy His Meditations are a new dress of the most Learned Lord Verulam his Novum Organum being his Dubitation is to be read in the 31st Aphor. of that Book where he saith That a Redress is to be made from the first Foundations because as he saith in the distribution of that Work there is a twofold fault of our Senses they sc either altogether forsake or deceive us for there are a great many things which our Senses c. His Prejudices were before that time termed Idols by the Learned Bacon and the Advice of fixing upon some general Truth by which we may more clearly make Disquisition into her more retired Recesses given by that most ingenious Gentleman who tho well knowing the Infinity of such Maxims upon the ground of Assent at first hearing and understanding the Terms yet could never suspect that any could carry the Matter so high as to fix upon any one as the first neither is the Proof of Existence because of Thought at all such except we also know the necessity and relation of Thinking and Being which he perhaps had cleared if he had not been afraid of falling into that other general Truth and innate Idea if there be any such that it is impossible for the same thing to be and not to be This then being the whole Life and Spring of his Meditations we may most justly say That they are nothing else but Sir Francis Bacon reviv'd And that his natural Philosophy is nothing but a dexterous Application of his ingenious Principles to the common and observed Operations of Nature will be most clear if we do recollect where in the Fourth Book of his Principles of Philosophy being now destitute and run out in his own Learning he doth ingenuously confess That he can assert nothing positively of these Phaenomena's not having had sufficient Trial and Experiment And as the Ancients did cast such things as they could not explain by their beloved Four Qualities into that vast Catalogue of such as are Occult so the ingenious Des Cartes did dispatch a great many Difficulties with his as unconceivable Dispositions and certain ways of Doing Neither has Aristotle and his Followers been more diligent in suppressing those Ancient Philosophers that as the most Learned Lord Verulam saith in the 282 p. of his 3d. Book about the encrease of Sciences After the fashion of the Ottoman Family they thought they could not safely Reign unless their Brethren were Assassinated than the Followers of that Famous Man to suppress contrary perhaps to their Master's first Design every way of explaining Phaenomena's but their own This Contagion stoppeth not here but has diffused it self so much into Medicine that now there can be no Learned Physitian but who doth reason his Diseases from these three Principles h. e. from the different Efforts and Operations of the Matter of the first Globules of the second and that of the third Element But whether my most Learned Author has just reason to subscribe to those or keep by his own Philosophy shall appear from the following Considerations As 1. From this useless and general way of explaining Phaenomena's wherein there 's nothing to be found but empty Sounds and most abstract Notions They call all Diseases a Confused or ill mixture of the Humours which in the main is true but how to settle the different kinds of Diseases is somewhat hard and their Cause an obstruction of Pores and so with them must always be thrust out by Diaphoretick and Sweating Medicines And so there is never any use for cooling and temperate Medicaments these silly and naughty parts of the Creation which are ordain'd without any Design and are of no use to Man as the standard of our Religion would inform us So either there must be no such thing in nature as these Remedies or the Scriptures do cheat us when they inform us That all on this Earth was created for the use of Man Yea it might much be doubted that I may pursue their fancy whither the parts of Matter arrested by Pores of a different Figure these Causes of Obstructions are to be driven Surely not outward lest they produce a too great extension of Fibres and so communicate Irregular Motions unto their beloved Glandula and so create some grievous Perception in the Soul h. e. Pain Neither inward being they have not yet seen the necessity for these Wedges to force their Return which else they could easily have supplied us with But to the purpose 2. From the bad Success their greatest Authors have had in practice not to name any being it is well known to any that have been in their Country yea whatever Parade they make in their Theory their Practice is nothing different from that of the Ancients and their Prescriptions are most implicitely transcribed yea sometime when they do flatly oppose those Views they established from their Theory 3. From the small Progress Physick has made under its Conquest For what Advances have they made merely or for the most part by their Philosophy Is not the spacious Field of the Materia Medica the same for them as it was left by Dioscorides and Bauhinus though the Rise and Beginning of this Philosophy has been in a time when the great Secrets in Anatomy have been disclosed which some most ridiculously apply to the great Advantages that have accrued to the World by this as if it had been the Clew of Ariadne that led into the vast Labyrinth of Anatomy and of a great many more that did then appear by the diligent scrutiny of Men at that time So that he may say of Medicine considering its growth under the Cartesian or other fanciful Philosophy what the Learned Verulam said upon another occasion of the Mechanicks in his days That they were come to a greater heighth
things that are sweet the bitterest amongst bitters the sourest amongst things that are sour and that of every thing which is in the highest degree For they did clearly see that these things were in Man and that it was these that did most annoy him For there is in man both Bitter and Salt and Sweet and Acid and Austere and Insipid and a great many more which have different Faculties according to their strength and abundance And that they are neither perceived nor do they offend any Man when they are duly mixed and adjusted amongst themselves But so soon as any of them are separated or do appear apart then are they conspicuous and do trouble and harm Man For all these meats which being eaten do not agree with us and do destroy our health are either Bitter and not well mixed on Salt or Acid or some other way intemperate and excessive and therefore do create trouble and disorder in the Body And thereafter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For it is not as it is Hot that it hath so great power but as it is Austere and Insipid or othereways doth more or less participate of the foregoing Qualities Again 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 men are not Feverish meerly because of Heat neither is it alone the cause of the Disease for Bitter and Hot and Hot and Acid and Salt and Hot and a great many more are one and the same and again Cold joyn'd with other Powers c. From these words and a great many to the same sense fully explained in the afore-mentioned Book it is most evident that our heavenly Old Man that Star of the first magnitude hath ratified that these second Qualities sc Acidity Bitterness Saltness and the like are to be considered as the chief Causes of Diseases And therefore I do not doubt to add that it most naturally followeth that the Cure should mainly be carried on not so much by destroying Heat with Cold as by obtunding and blunting the Acidity altering the Bitter allaying the Salt by inciding tough Humours and rendring more compact such as are thin by mitigating those that are harsh and lastly by opening the obstructed passages of the Body and freeing them of their Stuffing But perhaps it may be necessary that I do premise something in the place of a Prognostick as is usual before we do attempt their Cure And truly the Prognostick in my Opinion doth rather depend upon the method of Cure it self as that is right or wrong as also upon the Behaviour of the Nurse whether sc she over-much studieth her own fancy and be the only wise which alas is a most sad consideration or whether she be obedient and doth faithfully perform and execute what is commanded her than from the Diseases of Infants and Children For their Fevers are very slight neither doth their feverish Heat so much burn as it is more properly a certain degree and advancement of Heat except when too too curious Art which trusteth to and relyeth over much upon these fiery and spirituous Cordials is most unluckily brought in to their Assistance Corpulent and fat Infants troubled with Defluxions and having an open Mould are most subject to the Rickets Chin-Cough Kings-Evil and almost incurable Thrushes Lean and Scraggy Children are of all the most tender and very subject to the worst Fevers h. e. to such as are hottest and most in censed and most inimical to the Nervous Kind Children which are born by Hysterick tender and valetudinary Mothers which delight much in and do continually devour unripe Fruits and Sallads while they are with Child or at that time do long after such things as are Sour and Austere or by those who are Belly-Gods and meer Slaves to their Stomach and lastly have their Appetite depraved from whatever Causes These I say do with great difficulty amend of any great Disease Children that keep open in their Belly have their Health better than such as are constipate The Spring and Summer are the best times for curing of Fevers but the Harvest and Winter are not so From the middle of July to the middle of September these epidemick Gripes of Infants are so common being the annual Heat of the Season doth entirely exhaust their strength that more Infants affected with these do die in one month than in other three that are more gentle Convulsions or at least starting of their Nerves coming upon Children weakned by some one Disease or somewhat burn'd up with not Medicaments do bring all their miseries and troubles wherewith they are tormented unto an end But as to what may appertain to the Cure of Infants Diseases none of these Authors for as much as I know who have ordinarily published Volumes about those and a great many more things that belong to the curing of Diseases do seem to have accurately enough inquired into it Truly they have not neglected to describe very diligently a great many Diseases to rehearse learnedly their Causes and to deliver as well their Diagnostick as Prognostick Signs They have all trod the same path and the more Modern for the most part have most implicitely and without further examination embraced the Assertions of their Predecessors Sylvius de le Boe has wrote the best Treatise of any that ever I did read on the Diseases of Infants for he did valiantly maintain an Acid to be their true and general Cause yet he partly because of his great kindness for some very Volatile Chymical Preparations and therefore over warm and spirituous and partly because of his almost constant use of Opiates which he ordered for the youngest Infants so that he was characteriz'd and distinguished by the name of the Opiate Doctor did shake if not totally destroy by his Practice what he had in a great deal must learnedly established in his Theory If we therefore do desire to lay any sure Foundation for the curing of Infants Diseases we should chiefly eye their natural tenderness and weakness And we should make such a choice of Medicaments as may be most convenient for these tender ones For the more gentle and safe these Remedies are which we administer the event shall the more certainly answer our expectation And truly the use of great and generous Medicaments commonly so call'd hath never any place in the curing the Diseases of Infants What avails the continual burning of Fires for the extracting the Powers and strength of Minerals when their Bodies are so easily altered Prithee what natural Harmony can there be betwixt th' almost impenetrable hardness of Metals and the waxy Softness of the Constitution of Infants Or how can their weak Apâ—â—tite that 's scarce able to digest their Milk and Panado that slender â—ood endure the burning Heat and Caustick Faculty of these most deleterious and inflaming Medicaments Truly even as their food is most simple so in all reason ought their Medicaments to be not much recedeing from their Natural State and very free of too too laborious Art Being then that
much affrightned at the very naming and mentioning of Purging as the Foolish Nurses Neither am I ignorant that some Authors have had long Disputes about Purging in Feavers as almost in all other Diseases but if I may speak my mind in few words they have rather designed with many words to fill up volumes to amuse the Minds of their Readers and to shew their great Learning than ei the to illustrate or determine the Truth Sydenham the great Ornament and Blazing Star of this Age having a more than ordinary Masculine Spirit and a most sublime Understanding hath made good h. e. hath more fully compleated by his Practice and manifold Reasonings that Affair in which the other Authors have truly cheated and couzen'd the World The preparation of Humours by Alexipharmacks and Sudorificks in Fevers did more further their Crudity than Concoction Truly if at any rate they must be said to prepare yet no other thing but an untimely Death while they do most certainly procure Frenzies Convulsions and a great many most deplorable Symptoms by forcing up these Crudities from the lowest parts of the Body into the Head If in the beginning of Feavers whether they be Essential or Symptomatick we shall delay and put off till to morrow these necessary Evacuations in the expectation of the lingring Concoction how soon doth that too irrrevocable and golden opportunity pass away The only time wherein the beginning of the ensuing Cure was to be made wherein there was sufficient strength and in which alone there can be advantage by Evacuations yet is spent in the Administration of Cordials and the vain and uncertain trial of the Fever-vanquishing Medicaments of the Chymists and the Patient just now strong endeth his days furious and mad Moreover I assert that notwithstanding the blind prejudice of men Evacuations duly made do more reduce crude Urine to their desired Concoction and the Patient unto his Health than any thing yet known to man The preparation then of which I speak is not to be essayed with sweating Medicaments properly so called h. e. such as warm the Body which upon no account are agreeable with tender Infants or Children but on the contrary are most hurtful Sith the most temperate things shall most securely absorbe the prevailing Acidity by little and little they mitigate Ebullitions and become the most safe and powerful Anodynes These are Crabs Eyes and Claws Oyster shells of Wilks Cuttle-bone Egg-shells Chalk Coral Coraline Pearls the Mother of Pearls both the Bezoars burn'd Harts-horn burn'd Ivory the Bone of a Hart's-heart the Shavings of Hart-horn of the Unicorn's-horn Bole Armenick sealed Earth Blood-stone c. Among the Compounds the Powder of Crabs Claws compounded the Goack-stone and the Powders for making the Confection of Hyacinth take place Before all I must observe lest the most necessary liberality of Physicians toward the poor should be interrupted that these precious Medicaments brought from afar out of the Indies for as much as I could observe have no more pleasant and benign effect than those of a lesser value and which the wise Providence of God hath abundantly supplyed for the manifold uses of mankind And therefore I cannot recommend the Magisteries of any precious Stone however they be praised by a great many Surely they have changed their whatever native Power into such as is very Foreign And which before were most convenient for absorbing the Acid but being now neither sweet nor sour are only made useless by too curious Art Of design have I not mention'd the boasting Accounts of Volatile Salts whether they be Spirituous or Oleous not of the Bezoard Mineral lunar or solar nor of the Spirit of Sal-armoniack or Hart's-horn yet the use of these Spirits is not to be intirely laid aside even for these young ones Because they do excellently absorb Acidity but are most dexterously to be administred because of the great Heat that attendeth them Upon this score your lixivial Salts the hot Cordial Waters as the Compound-Paeony-Water the Plague-Water Aqua Coelestis Mirabilis the strong Cinnamon-Water and the like do fall much short of their wonted Fame unless they be mixed with others that are more temperate in so very small a Quantity that their burning Heat doth become altogether unperceptible to the Taste For these Medicaments that overheat the Body whatever be their Fame or Inestimable Value though they should most impudently promise immortality it self yet will they easily consume the Bodies of young ones and by degrees disperse their natural Heat or turn it to that which is Feaverish and lastly become as useless for that tender Age as Milk and Panadoe for quieting the craving Stomach of a Ploughman For which Reasons Galen did most straitly bar Children from the use of his Treacle however justly prepar'd which tho' he so highly esteemed that he thought it an All-heal and Universal Remedy That the foregoing temperate Powders do absorbe Acidity is a thing so well known that it doth need no proof And that they are the most safe most certain and never-failing Anodynes in the Gripes of Children shall be evinced by giving them in a more liberal than the ordinary Dose h. e. in a sufficient quantity for attaining the designed end Moreover I do boldly assert that the mentioned Powders dexterously administred do with the same certainty that we know that the effects of Rhubarb are purgative allay and assuage all the Pain and Disquiet of Infants from whatever Cause except there be no hope lest from whatever Remedies because of some great Defect of the chief parts If in any violent Inflammation we should let six Ounces of Blood and if twenty at least were requisite why should we accuse Blood-letting as useless in that Disease when the too spare Administration of that Remedy is only to be blamed Likewise if one or two Ounces of the foregoing Powders were requisite for the allaying of these paint wherewith Infants are affected what great success could we expect from the imperfect use of one or two Drams when at the same time in Ounce is necessary An exact knowledge of Medicaments is the slenderest if not the meanest accomplishment of a good and skilful Physitian The right use of Medicaments for satisfying the designs of curing the adjusting both the kind and quantity of Medicaments to the particular Constitution of the Patient from a quaint Reflection upon the nature of the present Disease the exquisite knowledg of the Constitution especially of people of full Age h. e. whether it be Sanguine or Melancholick and whether the Feaver doth mostly affect the Blood or whether Spirits be wanting and their strength weakned by that bustle and trouble and lastly the right knowledge of appointing Diet are all more requisite to make a good Physician than the most numerous Provision of Medicinal Receipts whence ever Collected And if that be not true the Apothecary being most Learned in Receipts will easily excel the most Learned Physician and his pratling Servant be
Centaury of the Flowers of Chamomile made into a Powder ana ℈ i. of Venice Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make all into a Plaister Spread a little of the Plaister de Cymino upon its Margine that it may stick faster to that place Of all Purgatives there are none more innocent and that are more agreeing with Infants that the well known and very much used Rhubarb which pleasantly and safely doth remove the Subject matter of the Feavers of these tender ones which doth easily purge and strengthen their Stomach and whole Body loaden'd and oppressed with vitious Humours and which upon that account doth best agree with Infants Boys teeming Women old People and such as are weak through any Disease Truly Rhubarb doth more justly merit the Title of a Hiera or sacred Medicament than Aloes so exceedingly commended by the Ancients and more Modern which has got the first place and kept for the Basis of all the Shop Pills which indeed doth sometimes deserve very great Praise upon the account of its remarkable bitterness yet it doth not unjustly undergo some Tache and Dishonour because of its Acrimony Sharpness and its excessive Heat which it doth communicate to the Body A Powder like the former is after the operation of some gentle Purgative to be given at night and thereafter are to be reiterated three or four times at a convenient season for two days more and upon the third the Purgative is to be given the quantity of which may now be known by the operation of the former These things being done aright the most grievous Symptoms do ordinarily disappear or at least are so much allayed that the Patient who was just now in great danger is exeemed from the least suspition by better Health The same method under whatever Form of preparing and purging off the Humours may be taken with Children of more years only Doses and Quantities of Medicaments are to be discreetly changed You must observe that the first Purge we give to Children in Feavers be not only gentle but also of a lesser Dose than usual and that sometimes in case of a bound Belly a very mild Clyster made of â„¥ iv of Cows Milk sweetned with Sugar and to which is added a little Salt is to be injected on the night that immediately precedeth the first Purgative Moreover if the Purgative shall prove too weak it may be sharpned with ℈ i. or two of the Crystal â—o Tartar dissolved in some spoonfuls of weak Oat-broth or the like But you must especially take care that you only use pure and well-prepar'd Crystal of Tartar and not that which is adulterated and is commonly sold and which is little better than crude Tartar it self If any great Sickness doth betake an Infant that is fat plump and of a very moist Constitution which easily doth degenerate into an Acid and especially in Winter so that the sour Corruption cannot entirely be defeated by twice Purging after the foregoing manner then you must persist in the same method until the Sickness doth quite evanish But that the space of one or two days must be allowed for the taking of these Powders that alter Acidity Neither could I ever observe any inconveniency or bad consequence attend so frequent Purging but the strength that was formerly lost did seem to be renewed Only you must beware that in the purging of Infants upon no occasion whatever you give any Purgative that may master its strength Wherefore I cannot pass by what Hippocrates the greatest master of Physick doth learnedly declare in his Book about Purging Medicines but not so well understood Whoever then are seized with strong Fevers are not to be purged until the Fever doth remit If otherwise yet not within fourteen days For their Flesh and Stomachs being they are hot do receive the Medicament and are not purged the Feaver encreaseth their Colour is ruined and they have a sort of Kings-Evil For when the Bile is chafed and put in motion the sick Person will neither sup nor drink but loaths every thing and very often dieth But if he survive that time and his Fever doth remit together with the operation of the Purgative he recovereth Wherefore we ought not to give purging Medicines in violent Fevers But if any do want them you may give an infusion by Clyster as often as you list For in that there is less hazard We may observe from these word of our Master 1. That he doth speak concerning the Fevers of those of full Age which are usually great and most ardent but are not to be un-understood of those of Infants and Children which are naturally gentle and not so easily inflam'd 2. That the purging Medicines in his time were most violent strong and poysonous an Elaterium Colocynth Hellebor and the like but the great part of our Lenitives that are most gentle yea most temperate if some of them be not actualy cold were as unknown to the wise men of that Age as the Antipodes the new world or lastly the art of printing 3. That Hippocrates doth speak of Feavers in their natural state and condition and as they are left to themselves even as his Descriptions of epidemick Diseases truly and accurately contain it neither must he be understood after what manner the art of the following especially of the present Ages however things present be ill spoken of by the Envious being promoted and made more perfect which our Posterity if I be not in a huge mistake will most thankfully bring into remembrance at length hath taught how to prepare aright that they may be purged off and very much allay or totally to overcome their Fury by liberally blooding such as are of full Age upon the day that precedeth the Purging 4. You must consider that Hippocrates doth teach in this place that if he who is affected with a Fever hath taken a purgative and perhaps doth escape the hazard of that day shall instantly h.e. at that same very time be restored to his Health Which I have often observed to be true and that Feaverish Boys have shaken off all the Symptoms of their Feavers after the first Purgative hath ended its operation but especially in the spring time or Summer These things then being premised I say that Hippocrates did judge aright of the deadly effects of Purging Medicaments as those of his Age being very strong were unskilfully given in hot Fevers not having let blood before hand But we take a sooneâ— and more secure method for the recovering them to health if blood be liberally let of those of full Age and especially if they be of a Sanguine or robust constitution upon the day that preceedeth the purging or if the bodies of young ones be prepared with testaceous Medicaments and such as do blunt the Acid that the chief cause of the Feaver may the better be utterly purged off than can be by whatever Cordials or Diaphoreticks But the true and chief reason why purging in Acute
It is most certain that whatever things do encrease the Symptoms of the Disease augment Drought make the Tongue dry or intend the Feverish Heat are of all least convenient for and agreeing with that tender Age that can give no resistance to any Injury that is offer'd unto it And truly I have always found sundry that I say not deadly mistakes attend that hot guiding of Infants when I could never observe the least inconveniency from the frequent use of these temperate Medicaments But any may object that Obstructions must of necessity be produced by the use of these hard and almost flinty Medicaments and that these things should render their most tender Constitution and the most small passages of their Body very subject thereunto But that we may the better obviate this Objection you must remember that the genuine Parent of all Obstructions is an Acid Distemper which Infants do frequently contract from the coldness of the Air and the the tenderness of their Constitution however delicate and pure their Food be And therefore whatever things do correct mitigate or blunt this Acid Indisposition or can dissolve Coagulations all which these do without the least addition of Heat are most fit to remove Obstructions and the great Train of Symptoms which proceed from that Cause Others perhaps will accuse me that I do too easily pass by the most famous Doctrine of the Crisis and that I may seem to forget the computation of critical Days so nicely instituted by the Ancients and much commended to this day by such as admire only things that are past understanding Therefore I say being the Crisis is only a sudden change in the Disease either to Health or Death it doth entirely depend for as much as I can observe upon the method of Cure especially in these tender ones of which we speak and is hastned or produced by the industry or unskilfulness of Art For being he Cure is mainly stayed upon general Evacuations duly made these Crudities which are the cause of Fevers are sooner concocted than at any other time part of the Morbifick Matter is immediately eliminated and the rest exceeding the natural strength giveth way to Medicaments dexterously administred But when the Humours are exagitated and the Spirits driven to greater confusion by Diaphoreticks and Cordials so called and the whole stress left upon Clysters which never pass the gross Tripes in perfect strength as the Concoction so the Crisis is too late if ever to be expected after so learned and so solemn a Train of Medicines But lastly a Crisis methinks is nothing else than the last effort of Nature to evacuate with all its power the morbifick Matter by convenient Passages And that hapneth very often with us by sweating because of the Cross use of warm Guiding Though very often by blooding at Nose by Stool by Vomit and sometime by Vrine All which do sufficiently prove that Nature her self the best and wisest Physitian did never design or endeavour any other way of judging Fevers than by timely Evacuations There are many things variously written and maintained by Arguments in this Learned Age concerning the use of Precipitating Medicaments in Physick as that all Diseases wherewith man is affected might easily be over-come and cas◠off if we had a perfect knowledge of the proper and specifick Precipitating Medicine fitted to every Disease But you must observe that we are speaking of the Acute and Feaverish Distempers of Children which do quickly determine of their life and not of those that are lasting which give greater delay to the Curer and do more safely allow of a curious Tryal of the new Powers of things Again Precipitation is the separation of the grosser parts which by the strength of a dissolving Acid do hang imperceptible in any clea◠Liquor untill they fall to the ground being freed of their Bonds by the help of such things as defeat the Acid. Moreover the Crudity which we constantly see in Fevers is methinks the genuine off-spring of prevailing Acidity and the concoction a sign of its being defeated and overcome by Nature And therefore artificial Purging bringeth to the ground of the Body these Crudities which were carried upward and seemeth more properly than all other Medicaments to precipitate that at length they may be cast out by Urine or Stool But also whatever other kind of Medicaments tho some airy metaphysical Brains Philosophers as they call themselves do think quite otherwise is endued with a Precipitating Faculty yet scarce doth it in any measure produce that effect but as it is Cathartick For neither must it he thought that Precipitation can so easily be performed in a Body of divers parts various Juices and Humours and of so many Passages and Windings as a Juggling Chymist by pouring in Liquors of different sorts doth wonderfully change their Colours or so soon as he doth make his Precipitations called Magisteries Being then that Fevers do assault the vital and upper parts and so leave no time for uncertain and dangerous Trials it becometh 〈◊〉 wise Physitian not only to appease and allay the subject matter of Fevers with fictitious and precipitating Medicines of no value but with all speed to root it out with such as are true and genuine h. e. by timely Evacuations But being it has been yea is the custom of many famous Physitians to hasten the defeat of Fevers by Sudorificks it may much concern us to add something upon that subject So soon as they observe any person seized with an Epidemick Fever immediately they dream of I know not what sort of Malignity and this they constantly strive to expel with very hot preserving and sweating Medicaments In the mean while the gentle meek and not at all unruly Fever by the every cure is if at all rendred Malignant For when the Serum the common Vehicle for carrying the Blood through the Veins and Arteries is consumed by untimely Sudorificks it is no wonder that the grosser parts of the Blood are interrupted in their motion and do a little Stagnate and that thereby the Pulse be weakned and doth become unequal surging tremulous crawling and intermitting and upon the same Account the Urine be but little very crude and lastly that Freckles Purple Spots and sometime Pestilential Blemishes the sundry degrees of a forming or formed Gangreen the chief marks of Malignity do appear And the constitution which a little before was endued with much moisture and a benign warmth is now dried burn'd up and altogether parched with the excessive heat of this warm guiding so that thereby there doth neither remain a sufficient quantity of Lympha which is designed to bedew the parts neither can the Blood being now thick and stagnating every where flow or move longer through the Vessels to continue the course of Circulation for preserving Life But I shall only offer to the consideration of these who will retain and are blindly in love with that unhappy notion of Malignity considering that it