Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	body_n	natural_a	reason_n	1,505	5	4.9161	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05195	A nevv orchard and garden, or, The best way for planting, grafting, and to make any ground good for a rich orchard particularly in the nor[th] and generally for the whole kingdome of England, as in nature, reason, situation and all probabilitie, may and doth appeare : with the country housewifes garden for hearbes of common vse, their vertues, seasons, profits, ornaments, varietie of knots, models for trees, and plots for the best ordering of grounds and walkes : as also the husbandry of bees, with their seuerall vses and annoyances, being the experience of 48 yeares labour ... / by William Lawson ; whereunto is newly added the art of propagating plants, with the tree ordering manner of fruits in their gathering, carring home & preseruation.	Lawson, William, fl. 1618.; Harward, Simon, fl. 1572-1614. Most profitable newe treatise from approued experience of the art of propagating plants.; Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1631 (1631)	STC 15331.3; ESTC S4739	72,610	138

yet want two hundred of their growth before they leaue encreasing which make three hundred then we must needs resolue that this three hundred yeere are but the third part of a Trees life because as all things liuing besides so trees must haue allowed them for their increase one third another third for their stand and a third part of time also for their decay All which time of a Tree amounts to nine hundred yeeres three hundred for increase three hundred for his stand whereof we haue the te●rme stature and three hundred for his decay and yet I thinke for we must coniecture by comparing because no one man liueth to see the full age of trees I am within the compasse of his age supposing alwaies the foresaid meanes of preseruing his life Consider the age of other liuing creatures The Horse and moiled Oxe wrought to an vntimely death yet double the time of their increase A Dog likewise increaseth three stanns three at least and in as many or rather moe decayes Euery liuing thing bestowes the least part of his age in his growth and so must it needs be with trees A man comes not to his full growth and strength by common estimation before thirty yeeres and some slender and cleane bodies not till forty so long also stands his strength so long also must he haue allowed by course of nature to decay Euer supposing that he be well kept with necessaries and from and without straines bruises and all other dominyring diseases I will not say vpon true report that Physicke holds it possible that a cleane body kept by these 3. Doctors Doctor Dyet Doctor Quiet and Doctor Merriman may liue neere a hundred yeeres Neither will I here vrge the long yeeres of Methushalah and those men of that time because you will say Mans dayes are shortned since the floud But what hath shortned them God for mans sinnes but by meanes as want of knowledge euill gouernment ryot gluttony drunkenesse and to be short the encrease of the curse our sinnes increasing in an iron and wicked age Now if a man whose body is nothing in a manner but tender rottennesse whose course of life cannot by any meanes by counsell restraint of Lawes or punishment nor hope of praise profet or eturnall glory be kept within any bounds who is degenerate cleane from his naturall feeding to effeminate nicenesse and cloying his body with excesse of meate drinke sleepe c. and to whom nothing is so pleasant and so much desired as the causes of his owne death as idlenesse lust c. may li●e to that age I see not but a tree of a solide substance not damnified by heate or cold capable of and subiect to any kinde of ordering or dressing that a man shall apply vnto him feeding naturally as from the beginning disburdened of all superfluities eased of and of his owne accord auoiding the causes that may annoy him should double the life of a man more then twice told and yet naturall phylosophy and the vniuersall consent of all Histories tell vs that many other liuing creatures farre exceed man in the length of yeeres As the Hart and the Rauen. Thus reporteth that famous Roterodam out of Hesiodus and many other Historiographers The testimony of Cicero in his booke De Sen●ctute is weighty to this purpose that we must in posteras aetates ferere arbores which can haue none other sence but that our fruit-trees whereof he speakes can endure for many ages What else are trees in comparison with the earth but as haires to the body of a man And it is certaine without poisoning euill and distemperate dyet and vsage or other such forcible cause the haires dure with the body That they be called excrements it is by reason of their superfluous growth for cut them as often as you list and they will still come to their naturall length Not in respect of their substance and nature H●ires endure long and are an ornament and vse also to the body as trees to the earth So that I resolue vpon good reason that fruit-trees well ordered may liue and like a thousand yeeres and beare fruit and the longer the more the greater and the better because his vigour is p●oud and stronger when his yeeres are many You shall see old trees put their buds and blossomes both sooner and more plentifully then yong trees by much And I sensi●ly perceiue my young trees to inlarge their ●rust as they grow greater both for number and greatnesse Young He●fers bring not fo●th Calues so faire neither are they so plentifull to milke as when they become to be old Ki●e No good Houswife will b●e●d of a young but of an old bird-mother It is so in all things naturally therefore in trees And if fruit-trees l●st to this age how many ages is it to be supposed st●ong and huge timber-trees will last whose huge bodies require the yeeres of diuers Methushalaes before they end their dayes whose sap is strong and bitter whose barke is hard and thicke and their substance solid and stiffe all which are defences of health and long life Their strength withstands all forcible winds their sap of that qu●lity is not subiect to wormes and tainting Their barke receiues seldome or neuer by casualty any wound And not onely so but he is free from remoualls which are the death of millions of trees where as the fruit-tree in comparison is little and often blowne downe his sap sweet easily and soone tainted his barke tender and soone wounded and himselfe vsed by man as man vseth himselfe that is either v●skilfully or carelessely It is good for some purposes to regard the age of your fruit trees which you may easily know till they come to accomplish twenty yeeres by his knots Reckon from his roote vp an arme and so to hys top-twig and euery yeeres growth is distinguished from other by a knot except lopping or remouing doe hinder CHAP. 15. Of gathering and keeping Fruit. ALthough it be an easie matter when God shall sen● it together and keepe fruit yet are they certaine things worthy your regard You must gather your fruit when it is ripe and not before else will it wither and be tough and sowre All fruit generally are ripe when they beginne to fall For Trees doe as all other bearers doe when their yong ones are ripe they will waine them The Doue her Pigeons● the Cony her Rabbets and women their children Some fruit tree sometimes getting a taint in the setting with a frost or euill winde will cast his fruit vntimely but not before he leaue giuing them sap or they leaue growing Except from this foresaid rule Cherries Damsons and Bullies The Cherry is ripe when he is sweld wholy red and sweet Damsons and Bulies not before the first frost Apples are knowne to be ripe partly by their colour growing towards a yellow except the Leather-coat and some Peares and Greening Timely Summer

following and foyling and the best requires supply euen for the little body of Corne. How then can we thinke that any ground how good soeuer can sustaine bodies of such greatnesse and such great feeding without great plenty of Sap arising from good earth This is one of the chiefe causes why so many of our Orchards in England are so euill thriuing when they come to growth and our fruit so bad Men are loth to bestow much ground and desire much fruit and will neither set their trees in sufficient compasse nor yet feed them with manure Therefore of necessity Orchards must be foiled The fittest time is when your trees are growne great and haue neere hand spread your earth wanting new earth to sustaine them which if they doe they will seeke abroad for better earth and shun that which is barren if they find better as cattell euill pasturing For nature hath taught euery creature to desire and seeke his owne good and to auoid hurt The best time of the yeere is at the Fall that the Frost may b●●e and make it tender and the Raine wash it i●to the roots The Summer time is perillous if ye digge because the sap 〈◊〉 amaine The best kind of Foile is such as is fat hot and tender Your earth must be but lightly opened that the d●ng may goe in and wash away and but shallow lest you hurt the roots and in the Spring closely and equally made plaine againe for f●are of Suckers I could wish that after my trees haue fully possessed the soile of mine Orchard that euery seuen yeeres at least the soile were bespread with dung halfe a foot thicke at least Puddle water out of the dunghill powred on plentifully will not onely moisten but fatten especially in Iune and Iuly If it be thicke and fat and applied euery yeere your Orchard shall need none other foiling Your ground may lye so low at the Riuer side that the floud standing some daies and nights thereon shall saue you all this labour of foiling CHAP. 13. Of Annoyances A Chiefe helpe to make euery thing good is to auoid the euils thereof you shall neuer attaine to that good of your Orchard you looke for vnlesse you haue a Gardner that can discerne the diseases of your trees and other annoyances of your Orchard and find out the causes thereof and know apply fit remedies for the same For be your ground site plants and trees as you would wish if they be wasted with hurtfull things what haue you gained but your labour for your trauell It is with an Orchard and euery tree as with mans body The best part of physicke for preseruation of health is to foresee and cure diseases All the diseases of an Orchard are of two sorts either internall or externall I call those inward hurts which breed on and in particular trees 1 Galles 2 Canker 3 Mosse 4 Weaknes in setting 5 Barke bound 6 Barke pild 7 Worme 8 Deadly wounds Galles Canker Mosse weaknes though they be diuers diseases yet howsouer Authors thinke otherwise they rise all out of the same cause Galles we haue described with their cause and remedy in the 11. Chapter vnder the name of fretters Canker is the consumption of any part of the tree barke and wood which also in the same place is deceiphered vnder the title of water-boughes Mosse is sensibly seene and knowne of all the cause is pointed out in the same Chapter in the discourse of timber-wood and partly also the remedy but for Mosse adde this that at any time in summer the Spring is best when the cause is remoued with an Harecloth immediatly after a showre of raine rub off your Mosse or with a peece of weed if the Mosse abound formed like a great knife Weaknesse in the setting of your fruit shall you finde there also in the same Chapter and his remedy All these flow from the want of roomth in good soile wrong planting Chap. 7. and euill or no dressing Bark-bound as I thinke riseth of the same cause and the best present remedy the causes being taken away is with your sharpe knife in the Spring length-way to launch his bark throughout on 3. or 4. sides of his boale The disease called the Worme is thus discernd The barke will be hoald in diuers places like gall the wood will die dry and you shall see easily the barke swell It is verily to be thought that therin is bred some worm I haue not yet thorowly sought it out because I was neuer troubled therewithall but onely haue seene such trees in diuers places I thinke it a worme rather because I see this disease in trees bringing fruit of sweet taste and the swelling shewes as much The remedy as I con●ecture is so soone as you perceiue the wound the next Spring cut it out barke and all and apply Cowes p●●le and vineger presently and so twice or thrice a weeke for a moneths space For I well perceiue if you suffer it any time it eates the tree or bough round and so kils Since I first wrote this Treatise I haue changed my mind concerning the disease called the worme because I read in the History of the West-Indians that their trees are not troubled wiih the disease called the worme or canker which ariseth of a raw and euill concocted humor or sap Witnesse Pliny by reason their Country is more ho● then ours whereof I thinke the best remedy is not disallowing the former considering that the worme may breed by such an humor warme standing sound lopping and good dressing Barke-pild you shall find with his remedy in the 11. Chapter Deadly wounds are when a mans Arborist wanting skill cut off armes boughes or branches an inch or as I see sometimes an handfull or halfe a foot or more from the body These so cut cannot couer in any time with sap and therefore they die and dying they perish the heart and so the tree becomes hollow and with such a deadly wound cannot liue long The remedy is if you find him before he be perished cut him close● as in the 11. Chapter if he be hoald cut him close fill his wound tho neuer so deepe with morter well tempered so close at the top his wound with a Seare cloth doubled and nailed on that no aire nor raine approach his wound If he be not very old and detaining he will recouer and the hole being closed his wound within shall not hurt him for many yeeres Hurts on your trees are chiefly Ants Earewigs and Caterpillars Of Ants and Earewigs is said Chap. 10. Let there be no swarme of Pismires neere your tree-root no not in your Orchard turne them ouer in a frost and powre in water and you kill them For Caterpillars the vigilant Fruterer shall soone espy their lodging by their web or the decay of leaues eaten round about them And being seene they are easily