less_o divisible_a or_o rather_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o quantity_n as_o be_v the_o other_o because_o it_o have_v no_o unity_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o a_o mere_a confuse_a multitude_n of_o one_o yet_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o understanding_n conceive_v it_o to_o be_v so_o many_o unit_v terminate_v by_o the_o last_o yet_o because_o plurality_n and_o paucity_n be_v more_o and_o less_o of_o any_o one_o determinate_a number_n and_o that_o there_o be_v a_o ground_n in_o nature_n for_o our_o understanding_n to_o consider_v many_o scatter_v one_o and_o comprehend_v or_o bind_v they_o together_o into_o one_o notion_n and_o that_o such_o notion_n be_v useful_a or_o necessary_a to_o mankind_n therefore_o this_o order_v multitude_n of_o discrete_a or_o shatter_v one_o call_v number_n be_v right_o place_v in_o the_o predicament_n of_o quantity_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o it_o be_v say_v quantity_n be_v divisibilis_fw-la in_o semper_fw-la divisibilia_fw-la it_o be_v not_o mean_v of_o quantity_n in_o common_a or_o all_o quantity_n but_o only_o of_o that_o species_n of_o quantity_n call_v continue_v 4._o the_o unity_n proper_a to_o extend_v quantity_n be_v continuity_n of_o its_o part_n for_o if_o the_o part_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o quantity_n be_v discontinue_v either_o nothing_o or_o vacuum_n come_v between_o they_o and_o then_o they_o be_v still_o continue_v against_o the_o supposition_n for_o nothing_o can_v do_v nothing_o and_o therefore_o can_v discontinue_v the_o part_n of_o quantity_n or_o else_o some_o body_n come_v between_o they_o and_o discontinue_v they_o and_o then_o since_o all_o body_n bring_v their_o own_o quantity_n along_o with_o they_o however_o the_o body_n a._n and_o b._n be_v distance_v by_o c_n come_v between_o they_o because_o every_o body_n have_v its_o determinate_a bound_n and_o limit_n yet_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o three_o body_n precise_o consider_v have_v none_o but_o go_v on_o smooth_o in_o the_o self_n same_o tenor_n through_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o body_n whether_o those_o body_n be_v different_a or_o the_o same_o without_o notch_n or_o nick_n butt_v and_o bound_v it_o here_o and_o there_o or_o in_o the_o least_o diversify_v it_o what_o ever_o variety_n be_v find_v in_o the_o figure_n colour_n hardness_n softness_n or_o in_o any_o other_o consideration_n belong_v to_o those_o body_n again_o since_o this_o species_n of_o quantity_n have_v its_o peculiar_a notion_n nature_n or_o essence_n it_o must_v have_v some_o kind_n of_o unity_n too_o peculiar_a to_o itself_o but_o none_o be_v imaginable_a except_o continuity_n nor_o do_v any_o so_o direct_o subsume_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o quantity_n which_o be_v divisibility_n or_o unity_n of_o its_o potential_a part_n or_o suit_n so_o exact_o with_o it_o nay_o be_v the_o part_n of_o quantity_n discontinue_v quantitative_o they_o will_v be_v divide_v quantitative_o that_o be_v not_o divisible_a or_o one_o that_o be_v none_o or_o not-quantity_n against_o the_o supposition_n therefore_o the_o unity_n proper_a to_o this_o species_n of_o quantity_n be_v continuity_n of_o its_o part_n cor._n i._o therefore_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n be_v one_o uninterrupted_a continuity_n and_o the_o world_n itself_o speak_v of_o quantitative_a unity_n one_o great_a continuum_fw-la 5._o quantity_n according_a to_o its_o precise_a notion_n can_v be_v essential_a to_o body_n because_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v the_o genus_fw-la of_o it_o nor_o the_o intrinsecal_n difference_n that_o constitute_v it_o as_o be_v prove_v 5._o above_o 6._o yet_o quantity_n material_o consider_v and_o not_o according_a to_o its_o precise_a and_o formal_a notion_n of_o divisibility_n may_v as_o it_o be_v per_fw-la accidens_fw-la contribute_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o individual_a body_n for_o since_o nothing_o be_v true_o and_o perfect_o ens_fw-la or_o capable_a of_o existence_n but_o individual_n nor_o since_o thing_n in_o common_a can_v exist_v can_v any_o thing_n be_v capable_a of_o exist_v but_o by_o be_v ultimate_o determinate_v and_o thence_o complete_o fit_v to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o and_o this_o determination_n distinguish_v one_o individuum_fw-la from_o all_o other_o be_v perform_v by_o mean_n of_o such_o a_o particular_a complexion_n of_o accident_n as_o fit_v they_o for_o their_o primary_n operation_n for_o which_o nature_n ordain_v they_o and_o this_o complexion_n of_o accident_n be_v either_o of_o quantity_n or_o else_o as_o be_v show_v in_o physics_n of_o different_a modification_n of_o quantity_n it_o follow_v that_o quantity_n material_o consider_v and_o not_o according_a to_o its_o formal_a notion_n of_o divisibility_n may_v as_o it_o be_v by_o accident_n contribute_v to_o the_o essence_n of_o individual_a body_n 7._o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o quantity_n be_v more_o and_o less_o of_o the_o notion_n of_o quantity_n this_o be_v prove_v 2._o former_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o division_n of_o substance_n and_o the_o reason_n give_v there_o hold_v equal_o here_o 8._o the_o proper_a species_n of_o quantity_n mathematical_o consider_v or_o as_o it_o abstract_n from_o motion_n be_v longitude_n latitude_n and_o profundity_n otherwise_o call_v n1_fw-la superficies_n and_o corpus_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o latitude_n be_v another_o sort_n of_o quantity_n and_o have_v more_o of_o that_o notion_n in_o it_o than_o longitude_n have_v and_o that_o profundity_n be_v a_o different_a sort_n of_o quantity_n and_o have_v in_o it_o more_o of_o quantity_n thus_o consider_v than_o either_o of_o the_o other_o as_o contain_v in_o itself_o all_o the_o three_o dimension_n 9_o therefore_o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o each_o of_o these_o continue_a quantity_n consider_v mathematical_o as_o abstract_v from_o all_o order_n to_o motion_n be_v divisibility_n into_o great_a or_o into_o lesser_a determinate_a part_n for_o since_o the_o notion_n of_o quantity_n be_v divisibility_n and_o divisibility_n respect_v the_o part_n into_o which_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v and_o this_o respect_n can_v be_v to_o indeterminate_a part_n into_o which_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v they_o be_v as_o euclid_n have_v demonstrate_v infinite_a as_o well_o in_o the_o great_a as_o the_o least_o quantity_n so_o that_o they_o can_v have_v any_o difference_n thus_o consider_v wherefore_o divisibility_n into_o great_a and_o lesser_a part_n be_v the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o all_o such_o quantity_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o great_a have_v more_o of_o the_o immediate_a generical_a notion_n or_o of_o that_o kind_n of_o quantity_n in_o they_o the_o small_a less_o of_o it_o and_o divisibility_n into_o part_n which_o be_v determinate_a may_v bear_v the_o notion_n of_o great_a or_o lesser_a divisibility_n which_o divisibility_n into_o potential_a part_n as_o be_v say_v can_v it_o follow_v that_o divisibility_n into_o great_a and_o lesser_a determinate_a part_n be_v the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o quantity_n mathematical_o consider_v beside_o great_a and_o lesser_a bear_v in_o their_o notion_n some_o proportion_n between_o those_o part_n which_o can_v be_v conceive_v unless_o those_o part_n be_v determinate_a 10._o the_o proper_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o continue_a quantity_n consider_v physical_o or_o in_o order_n to_o motion_n that_o be_v affect_v its_o subject_n as_o apt_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o natural_a cause_n be_v more_o or_o less_o divisible_a or_o capable_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o and_o divide_v by_o those_o cause_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n suppose_v intrinsecal_n difference_n to_o be_v only_o more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o immediate_a common_a notion_n or_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la they_o be_v to_o divide_v 11._o the_o more_o and_o less_o divisibility_n of_o continue_v quantity_n thus_o consider_v be_v to_o be_v more_o easy_o or_o less_o easy_o wrought_v upon_o or_o divide_v by_o natural_a agent_n for_o since_o quantity_n thus_o consider_v do_v not_o respect_v the_o part_n it_o contain_v or_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o but_o the_o cause_n in_o nature_n and_o their_o operation_n upon_o its_o subject_n body_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o its_o be_v more_o or_o less_o divisible_a as_o thus_o consider_v can_v only_o mean_v more_o or_o less_o susceptive_a of_o the_o efficiency_n of_o natural_a cause_n that_o be_v more_o easy_o or_o less_o easy_o divisible_a by_o the_o say_a cause_n which_o be_v to_o be_v rare_a and_o dense_n 12._o the_o division_n of_o continue_v quantity_n into_o permanent_a and_o successive_a be_v make_v by_o accidental_a difference_n and_o not_o by_o essential_a one_o as_o be_v the_o former_a division_n of_o it_o for_o since_o to_o move_v and_o to_o stand_v still_o be_v accidental_a to_o quantity_n and_o have_v no_o respect_n to_o that_o generical_a notion_n as_o more_o and_o less_o of_o it_o as_o have_v the_o other_o difference_n above_o mention_v it_o follow_v that_o these_o difference_n be_v accidental_a to_o their_o generical_a
nothing_o more_o obstruct_v the_o way_n to_o natural_a science_n than_o the_o doctrine_n of_o vulgar_a philosopher_n that_o quality_n be_v certain_a kind_n of_o little_a entity_n which_o of_o themselves_o have_v a_o diminutive_a sort_n of_o be_v and_o be_v able_a to_o produce_v such_o and_o such_o effect_n for_o example_n ask_v they_o how_o a_o bell_n work_v that_o effect_n upon_o my_o ear_n which_o we_o call_v sound_a they_o will_v tell_v you_o there_o be_v a_o quality_n in_o the_o bell_n call_v sonoreity_n who_o nature_n it_o be_v to_o make_v a_o sound_n ask_v how_o a_o green_a thing_n make_v such_o a_o please_a impression_n on_o my_o eye_n they_o will_v answer_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a quality_n in_o it_o call_v greenness_n who_o nature_n it_o be_v to_o work_v such_o a_o effect_n and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n which_o ridiculous_a method_n explicate_v nothing_o but_o make_v the_o silly_a old_a wife_n as_o good_a a_o philosopher_n as_o the_o most_o learned_a naturalist_n if_o she_o can_v but_o name_v the_o word_n that_o signify_v that_o quality_n next_o it_o make_v learner_n rest_v easy_o content_v and_o well_o apay_v with_o a_o mere_a word_n whence_o they_o will_v grow_v negligent_a and_o careless_a to_o take_v pain_n to_o look_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o else_o if_o they_o have_v any_o wit_n in_o they_o to_o despair_v of_o all_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n by_o see_v their_o master_n so_o profound_o ignorant_a and_o so_o superficial_o learned_a and_o last_o it_o hinder_v learner_n from_o see_v or_o even_o endeavour_v to_o see_v the_o natural_a proportion_n and_o alliance_n between_o proper_a cause_n and_o their_o effect_n and_o incline_v they_o to_o take_v pure_o upon_o trust_v the_o whole_a administration_n of_o nature_n and_o all_o consequence_n of_o one_o thing_n from_o another_o which_o render_v all_o natural_a science_n precarious_a for_o it_o be_v not_o science_n unless_o we_o use_v our_o own_o eye_n and_o see_v the_o point_n demonstrate_v jurare_fw-la in_o verba_fw-la be_v in_o such_o case_n the_o fool_n be_v oath_n and_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n to_o swear_v the_o devote_v or_o give_v up_o our_o reason_n to_o a_o slothful_a contentedness_n never_o to_o grow_v wise_a lesson_n vii_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o relation_n 1._o the_o notion_n of_o relation_n be_v what_o one_o individual_a thing_n be_v if_o compare_v to_o another_o there_o must_v be_v some_o real_a ground_n of_o it_o in_o the_o thing_n refer_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o our_o refer_v it_o and_o by_o which_o formal_o we_o do_v thus_o refer_v it_o for_o otherwise_o relation_n will_v be_v a_o chimerical_a and_o fictitious_a notion_n and_o not_o a_o real_a or_o natural_a one_o common_a to_o all_o mankind_n and_o hold_v by_o they_o to_o be_v such_o which_o yet_o we_o experience_n by_o our_o daily_a converse_n with_o they_o it_o be_v 2._o this_o ground_n can_v be_v their_o have_v disparate_a or_o disagree_a notion_n in_o they_o or_o their_o be_v of_o disparate_a order_n which_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o one_o another_o for_o we_o find_v that_o we_o can_v refer_v or_o compare_v green_a and_o hard_a youthful_a and_o transparent_a hot_a and_o triangular_a nor_o any_o other_o disparate_a notion_n nor_o yet_o a_o writer_n and_o a_o ploughshare_n a_o father_n and_o a_o millstone_n a_o brother_n and_o a_o handsaw_n etc._n etc._n because_o they_o be_v in_o disparate_a order_n and_o have_v no_o respect_n to_o one_o another_o ground_v our_o refer_v they_o or_o compare_v they_o together_o as_o have_v a_o writer_n and_o a_o write_n a_o father_n and_o a_o son_n a_o baker_n and_o bread_n etc._n etc._n 3._o wherefore_o the_o ground_n of_o relation_n must_v either_o be_v some_o notion_n agree_v to_o both_o the_o thing_n relate_v that_o be_v find_v to_o belong_v to_o both_o either_o intrinsical_o or_o extrinsecal_o or_o else_o their_o have_a communication_n with_o one_o another_o by_o way_n of_o natural_a action_n and_o passion_n this_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o former_a section_n and_o be_v evident_a because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o consideration_n by_o which_o they_o can_v be_v order_v to_o one_o another_o or_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n but_o their_o have_v some_o intrinsecal_n notion_n common_a to_o both_o or_o else_o their_o act_n and_o suffer_v upon_o and_o from_o one_o another_o which_o be_v a_o extrinsecal_n consideration_n 4._o relation_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n which_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o notion_n in_o they_o be_v of_o as_o many_o kind_n as_o there_o be_v head_n of_o notion_n since_o all_o these_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o nature_n or_o notion_n in_o they_o and_o so_o some_o kind_n of_o transcendent_a unity_n thus_o if_o they_o have_v the_o same_o nature_n or_o essence_n in_o they_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o common_a head_n of_o substance_n the_o relation_n between_o they_o be_v call_v identity_n which_o be_v their_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o entity_n if_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o notion_n of_o quantity_n it_o be_v call_v equality_n which_o be_v their_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quantity_n if_o of_o quality_n it_o be_v call_v likeness_n if_o of_o action_n single_o consider_v they_o be_v call_v coactor_n as_o fellow-soldier_n fellow-servant_n etc._n etc._n if_o of_o passion_n single_o consider_v fellow-sufferer_n fellow-martyr_n etc._n etc._n if_o of_o place_n or_o vbi_fw-la bedfellow_n chamber-fellow_n townsman_n countryman_n etc._n etc._n if_o of_o time_n contemporary_n co-eve_n or_o bear_v at_o the_o same_o time_n if_o of_o habit_n fellow-mourner_n fellow-curassiers_a fellow-soldier_n of_o the_o blue_n or_o grey_a regiment_n if_o of_o situation_n fellow-assessors_a or_o sitter_n though_o such_o as_o this_o seldom_o occur_v nay_o there_o may_v be_v a_o relation_n ground_v on_o have_v the_o same_o notion_n even_o of_o relation_n in_o they_o as_o parent_n or_o fellow-begetters_a 5._o of_o the_o second_o sort_n ground_v on_o action_n and_o passion_n not_o single_o consider_v but_o with_o a_o order_n to_o one_o another_o or_o as_o infer_v one_o another_o be_v such_o as_o these_o viz._n father_n and_o son_n master_n and_o servant_n prince_n and_o subject_a tutor_n and_o pupil_n which_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o action_n and_o passion_n of_o beget_v and_o be_v beget_v command_v and_o be_v command_v govern_v and_o be_v govern_v teach_v and_o be_v teach_v etc._n etc._n 6._o in_o both_o these_o sort_n of_o relation_n the_o thing_n refer_v must_v have_v their_o correlate_n that_o be_v there_o must_v be_v a_o mutual_a relation_n on_o both_o side_n in_o the_o former_a of_o they_o because_o there_o be_v the_o selfsame_a ground_n or_o reason_n of_o refer_v in_o one_o as_o in_o the_o other_o viz._n that_o one_o same_o notion_n common_a or_o belong_v to_o both_o to_o wit_n the_o same_o essence_n same_o quantity_n same_o quality_n same_o relation_n same_o place_n same_o time_n same_o sort_n of_o action_n and_o passion_n same_o situation_n and_o the_o same_o habit._n 7._o this_o agree_v and_o corresponding_n of_o the_o two_o thing_n thus_o relate_v in_o those_o of_o the_o former_a kind_n of_o relation_n must_v be_v mean_v to_o be_v their_o agree_v in_o the_o same_o abstract_a and_o common_a or_o specifical_a notion_n and_o not_o in_o the_o same_o individual_a one_o for_o otherwise_o two_o man_n can_v not_o have_v identity_n in_o their_o individual_a essence_n since_o than_o they_o will_v be_v the_o same_o and_o not_o the_o same_o that_o be_v vnum_fw-la and_o non-unum_a and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n intrinsical_a accident_n be_v identify_v with_o the_o subject_n in_o which_o they_o inhere_o and_o have_v no_o entity_n but_o they_o they_o can_v have_v no_o individuality_n but_o by_o they_o and_o so_o the_o same_o individual_a intrinsecal_n accident_n can_v be_v common_a to_o two_o subject_n or_o substance_n but_o must_v be_v individual_o two_o as_o they_o be_v whence_o the_o relation_n ground_v on_o they_o must_v be_v upon_o their_o be_v the_o same_o in_o species_n or_o kind_a and_o not_o individual_o which_o reason_n hold_v equal_o for_o those_o relation_n that_o be_v ground_v on_o action_n passion_n and_o situation_n and_o the_o rest_n for_o two_o thing_n can_v be_v in_o one_o individual_a place_n that_o be_v in_o a_o place_n capable_a to_o hold_v but_o one_o individual_a thing_n without_o penetration_n of_o body_n nor_o be_v it_o possible_a in_o the_o course_n of_o natural_a cause_n that_o two_o shall_v be_v bear_v or_o die_v at_o the_o same_o precise_a time_n that_o be_v in_o such_o a_o portion_n of_o time_n as_o be_v terminate_v by_o the_o same_o instant_n nor_o can_v two_o wear_v the_o same_o individual_a arm_n etc._n etc._n at_o once_o wherefore_o it_o must_v be_v mean_v that_o the_o notion_n common_a to_o both_o must_v be_v a_o abstract_a or_o specifical_a notion_n and_o
it_o be_v evident_a that_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n import_v no_o more_o in_o their_o notion_n but_o the_o alter_v the_o subject_a according_a to_o some_o quality_n whereas_o division_n import_v direct_o the_o take_v away_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o consequent_o its_o entity_n again_o mere_a rarefaction_n do_v not_o change_v the_o substance_n but_o the_o degree_n of_o it_o when_o it_o come_v to_o great_a height_n and_o every_o body_n admit_v rarefaction_n a_o long_a time_n without_o lose_v its_o former_a essence_n whereas_o division_n consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a so_o that_o the_o divisum_fw-la esse_fw-la be_v esse_fw-la aliud_fw-la or_o esse_fw-la duo_fw-la ex_fw-la uno_fw-la whereas_o the_o rarefactum_fw-la esse_fw-la may_v be_v without_o any_o such_o effect_n follow_v it_o 5._o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n be_v the_o next_o action_n in_o dignity_n for_o since_o as_o be_v prove_v above_o rarity_n and_o density_n be_v the_o first_o intrinsical_v difference_n of_o quantity_n as_o it_o affect_v body_n in_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n and_o passion_n it_o follow_v that_o those_o natural_a action_n that_o cause_n rarity_n or_o density_n be_v the_o next_o in_o dignity_n to_o division_n which_o work_v more_o upon_o divisibility_n their_o genus_fw-la 6._o these_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a head_n of_o natural_a action_n for_o since_o the_o genus_fw-la and_o its_o two_o difference_n must_v needs_o comprehend_v all_o under_o any_o common_a head_n as_o be_v adequate_a to_o it_o and_o division_n answer_v to_o divisibility_n the_o genus_fw-la and_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n to_o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o more_o or_o less_o thus_o divisible_a it_o follow_v that_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o action_n do_v take_v up_o all_o that_o head_n so_o that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o kind_n of_o natural_a action_n which_o be_v not_o reducible_a to_o some_o of_o these_o or_o not_o comprehend_v under_o they_o beside_o all_o the_o first_o and_o second_o passable_a quality_n which_o general_o be_v the_o immediate_a object_n of_o natural_a action_n be_v comprehend_v in_o or_o spring_v out_o of_o rarity_n and_o density_n as_o will_v be_v see_v in_o physics_n 7._o the_o formal_a virtue_n of_o act_v or_o work_v any_o effect_n which_o we_o call_v its_o causality_n be_v the_o agent_n be_v be_v what_o it_o be_v or_o its_o very_a existence_n apply_v by_o motion_n to_o the_o patient_n and_o communicate_v to_o it_o or_o as_o it_o be_v imprint_v on_o it_o for_o since_o no_o particular_a agent_n in_o nature_n can_v do_v every_o thing_n whatever_o the_o reason_n why_o such_o particular_a cause_n work_v such_o particular_a effect_n must_v spring_v hence_o that_o the_o effect_n have_v something_o in_o its_o nature_n that_o be_v like_o the_o cause_n come_v from_o it_o and_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o patient_n or_o partake_v by_o it_o whence_o come_v those_o vulgar_a axiom_n operari_fw-la sequitur_fw-la esse_fw-la every_o thing_n act_v as_o it_o be_v a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o the_o immediate_a caâ—se_n etc._n etc._n thus_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n why_o water_n moisten_v be_v because_o it_o be_v moist_a in_o itself_o and_o impart_v that_o quality_n to_o another_o thing_n the_o reason_n why_o a_o seal_n make_v such_o a_o impression_n be_v because_o itself_o be_v of_o such_o a_o stamp_n the_o reason_n why_o god_n create_v or_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o be_v be_v because_o be_v be_v essential_a to_o he_o corol._n ii_o hence_o motion_n be_v only_o requisite_a to_o apply_v the_o virtue_n or_o existence_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o the_o matter_n or_o patient_n but_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o effect_n spring_v from_o the_o cause_n being_n what_o it_o be_v whence_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o effect_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n be_v more_o or_o less_o perfect_a according_a as_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n or_o essence_n or_o more_o or_o few_o part_n of_o it_o be_v apply_v better_a or_o worse_o to_o the_o patient_n or_o to_o more_o or_o few_o part_n of_o it_o by_o a_o feeble_a or_o smart_a motion_n 8._o it_o follow_v from_o this_o discourse_n that_o there_o must_v be_v four_o sort_n of_o cause_n necessary_o belong_v to_o every_o effect_n in_o nature_n viz._n there_o must_v be_v a_o actor_n which_o we_o call_v the_o efficient_a cause_n a_o subject_a for_o the_o actor_n to_o work_v upon_o call_v the_o material_a cause_n the_o effect_v wrought_v in_o that_o matter_n or_o receive_v in_o it_o which_o make_v it_o otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o therefore_o have_v the_o notion_n of_o some_o form_n new_o accrue_v to_o it_o which_o constitute_v the_o formal_a cause_n and_o since_o corporeal_a action_n be_v motion_n and_o no_o body_n can_v move_v itself_o and_o therefore_o all_o motion_n in_o nature_n must_v be_v cause_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o by_o something_o that_o be_v not_o a_o body_n that_o be_v by_o a_o spiritual_a or_o intelligent_a be_v and_o such_o agent_n do_v design_n or_o act_v for_o a_o end_n therefore_o there_o must_v also_o be_v a_o final_a cause_n to_o make_v those_o agent_n to_o move_v body_n and_o make_v they_o act_v as_o they_o do_v in_o every_o particular_a action_n though_o never_o so_o minute_n which_o ground_n our_o notion_n of_o providence_n adequate_o govern_v the_o world_n even_o as_o to_o the_o least_o circumstance_n of_o it_o wherefore_o there_o be_v to_o every_o action_n in_o nature_n four_o cause_n necessary_o requisite_a which_o will_v afford_v reflecter_n ample_a occasion_n for_o speculation_n and_o contemplation_n for_o example_n when_o i_o write_v a_o letter_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v myself_o the_o material_a cause_n paper_n which_o receive_v the_o effect_n of_o my_o write_n the_o formal_a cause_n the_o character_n receive_v in_o the_o paper_n the_o final_a cause_n to_o gratify_v my_o friend_n treat_v of_o business_n or_o acquaint_v he_o with_o news_n 9_o there_o be_v no_o five_o cause_n call_v a_o idea_n as_o plato_n affirm_v for_o either_o that_o idea_n be_v conceive_v as_o introduce_v in_o the_o matter_n and_o receive_v there_o and_o then_o it_o be_v clear_o a_o formal_a cause_n or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o artificer_n and_o than_o it_o concur_v to_o make_v he_o a_o efficient_a cause_n for_o without_o such_o a_o idea_n he_o can_v not_o produce_v such_o a_o artificial_a effect_n 10._o operation_n have_v not_o the_o same_o notion_n with_o action_n but_o be_v indifferent_a to_o action_n and_o passion_n or_o rather_o a_o kind_n of_o neutral_a notion_n make_v up_o of_o both_o for_o example_n notion_n or_o simple_a apprehension_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n though_o the_o soul_n in_o have_v they_o be_v pure_o passive_a so_o also_o my_o act_n of_o discourse_v willing_a etc._n etc._n be_v call_v operation_n though_o they_o be_v both_o perform_v by_o my_o soul_n and_o receive_v in_o it_o whence_o they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o neutral_a notion_n such_o as_o have_v curro_fw-la ardeo_fw-la and_o suchlike_a take_v such_o word_n not_o in_o a_o grammatical_a but_o in_o a_o philosophical_a and_o natural_a sense_n of_o which_o kind_n be_v all_o immanent_a action_n or_o act_n and_o therefore_o these_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o call_v action_n as_o operation_n in_o order_n to_o what_o they_o have_v of_o effective_a in_o they_o or_o else_o act_n because_o they_o actuate_v or_o inform_v the_o subject_a in_o which_o they_o be_v as_o well_o receive_v as_o they_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o whence_o action_n in_o the_o proper_a and_o obvious_a sense_n signify_v the_o efficience_n of_o a_o natural_a cause_n which_o have_v a_o transitive_a notion_n and_o infer_v passion_n and_o consequent_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o extrinsical_a subject_a it_o light_v on_o note_v that_o since_o action_n infer_v passion_n and_o refer_v to_o it_o hence_o whatever_o be_v discourse_v here_o of_o action_n may_v by_o turn_v the_o table_n as_o it_o be_v or_o consider_v motion_n in_o order_n to_o its_o other_o term_n be_v understand_v likewise_o of_o passion_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o treat_v of_o both_o those_o head_n in_o the_o same_o discourse_n lesson_n ix_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o 1._o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o signify_v in_o what_o place_n the_o notion_n of_o place_n must_v first_o be_v right_o understand_v ere_o we_o can_v have_v a_o right_a notion_n of_o the_o common_a head_n call_v ubi_fw-la and_o the_o word_n place_n be_v no_o artificial_a term_n but_o a_o natural_a one_o and_o use_v by_o all_o mankind_n we_o be_v to_o learn_v the_o true_a and_o proper_a meaning_n of_o it_o from_o the_o user_n of_o it_o that_o be_v we_o must_v take_v the_o notion_n of_o place_n not_o from_o man_n of_o art_n or_o speculater_n but_o from_o the_o vulgar_a
their_o identical_o and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o other_o quality_n that_o affect_v our_o sense_n very_o distinct_o as_o heat_n cold_a moist_a dry_v etc._n etc._n note_v that_o in_o such_o as_o these_o if_o it_o be_v too_o laborious_a to_o arrive_v at_o their_o definition_n by_o divide_v the_o common_a genus_fw-la as_o it_o often_o happen_v when_o the_o divide_v member_n be_v more_o than_o two_o and_o be_v not_o contradictory_n to_o one_o another_o then_o we_o may_v frame_v our_o definition_n of_o they_o by_o observe_v the_o carriage_n of_o the_o vulgar_a towards_o they_o or_o their_o saying_n concern_v they_o for_o such_o quality_n be_v sensible_a one_o be_v the_o object_n of_o the_o sense_n of_o mankind_n and_o do_v imprint_v lively_a and_o distinct_a notion_n of_o themselves_o in_o all_o man_n wherefore_o their_o saying_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o true_a notion_n they_o have_v of_o they_o they_o if_o enough_o of_o they_o be_v collect_v must_v give_v we_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o they_o or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o of_o what_o they_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o which_o be_v equivalent_a in_o sense_n to_o a_o perfect_a definition_n for_o example_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o those_o quality_n we_o call_v dry_a and_o moist_a we_o shall_v observe_v that_o they_o be_v solicitous_a lest_o moist_a thing_n shall_v squander_v and_o run_v about_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v careful_a themselves_o to_o put_v such_o thing_n in_o some_o receptacle_n or_o vessel_n that_o may_v keep_v they_o from_o do_v so_o or_o they_o bid_v their_o servant_n do_v it_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o bid_v they_o set_v dry_a thing_n on_o the_o cupboard_n or_o on_o a_o shelf_n and_o never_o put_v they_o in_o a_o vessel_n or_o be_v at_o the_o needless_a labour_n of_o pound_v they_o into_o a_o pot_n or_o tub_n out_o of_o fear_n they_o shall_v squander_v about_o which_o saying_n and_o behaviour_n of_o they_o give_v we_o the_o definition_n of_o both_o those_o quality_n viz._n that_o moist_a be_v that_o which_o difficult_o keep_v its_o own_o bound_n or_o figure_n and_o be_v easy_o accommodate_v to_o the_o bound_n of_o another_o thing_n and_o dry_v be_v that_o which_o easy_o retain_v its_o own_o bound_n or_o figure_n and_o be_v difficulty_n accommodate_v to_o the_o bound_n of_o another_o which_o be_v the_o very_a definition_n which_o that_o great_a observer_n of_o nature_n aristotle_n give_v we_o of_o those_o two_o quality_n note_v ii_o whence_o we_o may_v with_o a_o humble_a acknowledgement_n and_o thanks_o reflect_v on_o the_o infinite_a goodness_n of_o the_o god_n of_o truth_n who_o unenvious_o bestow_v knowledge_n on_o all_o who_o will_v dispose_v themselves_o to_o receive_v it_o that_o wherever_o art_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o shortness_n be_v at_o a_o plunge_n he_o supply_v it_o by_o practical_a self-evidence_n or_o the_o natural_o instill_a knowledge_n of_o the_o vulgar_a whence_o it_o be_v a_o high_a pride_n in_o the_o great_a man_n of_o art_n to_o conceit_n that_o they_o be_v above_o be_v still_o the_o child_n of_o nature_n whereas_o it_o be_v the_o best_a title_n they_o have_v to_o true_a and_o solid_a learning_n sus_n minervam_fw-la 8._o all_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n for_o since_o the_o premise_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o middle_a term_n and_o the_o right_n place_v of_o it_o have_v in_o they_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o the_o consequence_n and_o the_o consequence_n can_v be_v of_o nothing_o but_o must_v be_v of_o some_o determinate_a proposition_n which_o can_v be_v nothing_o but_o the_o conclusion_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n again_o since_o before_o we_o conclude_v determinate_o and_o express_o we_o must_v know_v what_o to_o conclude_v and_o we_o know_v what_o to_o conclude_v by_o know_v the_o premise_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v that_o proposition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v it_o follow_v evident_o that_o since_o we_o know_v the_o conclusion_n ever_o we_o actual_o infer_v and_o express_v it_o to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n it_o be_v there_o virtual_o 9_o all_o deduce_v truth_n be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o for_o since_o all_o deduce_v truth_n be_v conclusion_n and_o the_o conclusion_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n hold_v for_o all_o the_o follow_a conclusion_n as_o for_o the_o first_o or_o for_o one_o single_a one_o it_o follow_v that_o let_v there_o be_v never_o so_o many_o orderly-succeeding_a syllogism_n necessary_a to_o prove_v any_o point_n the_o conclusion_n be_v still_o in_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o follow_v one_o in_o those_o that_o go_v before_o they_o 10._o all_o truth_n be_v virtual_o in_o the_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o definition_n for_o since_o all_o truth_n be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o from_o their_o metaphysical_a verity_n and_o consequent_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n fundamental_o and_o this_o be_v contain_a and_o express_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o identical_a proposition_n and_o in_o all_o its_o part_n by_o the_o definition_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o truth_n be_v virtual_o contain_v in_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o in_o the_o definition_n 11._o from_o what_o be_v late_o say_v it_o be_v evince_v that_o if_o a_o middle_a term_n be_v take_v which_o be_v a_o proper_a cause_n or_o proper_a effect_n the_o conclusion_n be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n for_o though_o the_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n be_v not_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o thing_n yet_o since_o a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o so_o be_v apt_a to_o manifest_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o proper_a cause_n that_o produce_v it_o and_o the_o operation_n of_o a_o proper_a cause_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o 7._o existence_n of_o such_o a_o cause_n which_o be_v suitable_a to_o its_o essence_n imprint_v upon_o the_o patient_n hence_o such_o medium_n do_v demonstrable_o and_o mutual_o infer_v one_o another_o and_o therefore_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o the_o conclusion_n may_v be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o premise_n as_o well_o in_o such_o syllogism_n as_o in_o those_o which_o have_v a_o essential_a notion_n for_o their_o middle_a term._n 12._o hence_o all_o natural_a truth_n and_o this_o throughout_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o very_a creation_n be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o for_o since_o as_o will_v be_v more_o clear_o see_v hereafter_o all_o those_o natural_a effect_n be_v demonstrative_a of_o their_o proper_a cause_n and_o those_o cause_n demonstrative_a of_o their_o proper_a effect_n and_o this_o from_o the_o first_o start_v of_o nature_n into_o motion_n and_o so_o be_v apt_a to_o infer_v one_o another_o all_o along_o that_o be_v new_a conclusion_n be_v still_o apt_a to_o spring_v from_o such_o middle_a term_n connect_v with_o the_o two_o extreme_n in_o the_o premise_n and_o consequent_o the_o truth_n of_o those_o conclusion_n be_v all_o along_o virtual_o in_o those_o several_a premise_n it_o follow_v that_o all_o natural_a truth_n be_v in_o one_o another_o and_o this_o throughout_o the_o whole_a series_n or_o course_n of_o nature_n from_o the_o very_a creation_n 13._o hence_o have_v we_o live_v in_o every_o place_n and_o in_o every_o part_n of_o time_n where_o and_o when_o those_o several_a cause_n wrought_v those_o several_a effect_n and_o have_v be_v endow_v with_o capacity_n sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o performance_n and_o not_o be_v divert_v with_o other_o thought_n from_o application_n to_o that_o work_n we_o may_v have_v actual_o demonstrate_v those_o effect_n by_o their_o proper_a cause_n or_o those_o cause_n by_o their_o proper_a effect_n through_o the_o whole_a series_n or_o course_n of_o the_o world_n from_o the_o begin_n to_o the_o end_n except_o miracle_n have_v alter_v that_o natural_a course_n for_o in_o that_o case_n all_o those_o subject_n have_v afford_v we_o matter_n or_o fit_a medium_n for_o demonstration_n as_o well_o as_o any_o single_a subject_n do_v now_o wherefore_o if_o we_o have_v have_v wit_n enough_o to_o demonstrate_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o wit_n sufficient_o apply_v in_o every_o circumstance_n it_o have_v be_v do_v 14._o hence_o every_o soul_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n that_o know_v any_o one_o natural_a truth_n know_v all_o nature_n and_o this_o all_o at_o once_o at_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o her_o separation_n for_o since_o all_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o proper_a cause_n and_o proper_a effect_n and_o those_o mutual_o infer_v one_o another_o that_o be_v the_o truth_n ground_v on_o the_o one_o be_v see_v to_o be_v in_o the_o truth_n ground_v on_o the_o other_o as_o be_v virtual_o in_o one_o another_o and_o we_o experience_n that_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o soul_n to_o know_v truth_n be_v not_o
casual_o upon_o something_o in_o the_o dark_a or_o run_v against_o it_o though_o we_o neither_o see_v or_o know_v what_o that_o thing_n be_v or_o when_o we_o see_v a_o thing_n a_o far_o off_o we_o know_v that_o that_o thing_n be_v though_o as_o yet_o we_o know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o efficient_a cauâ—es_n and_o effect_n for_o since_o a_o first_o cause_n be_v suppose_v who_o be_v infinite_o wise_a he_o administâ—rs_v his_o workmanship_n the_o world_n after_o the_o wise_a and_o best_a manner_n which_o be_v that_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v not_o loose_a and_o slack_a but_o perfect_o coherent_a nor_o can_v this_o be_v do_v among_o a_o infinite_a variety_n of_o body_n by_o any_o other_o mean_n so_o as_o to_o make_v up_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n but_o by_o make_v effect_n necessary_o follow_v from_o their_o cause_n since_o if_o that_o be_v not_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n will_v be_v at_o a_o stand_n and_o need_v the_o artificer_n hand_n at_o every_o turn_n to_o make_v it_o go_v on_o which_o argue_v a_o imperfection_n in_o the_o workmanship_n itself_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o efficient_a cause_n and_o effect_n 4._o the_o course_n of_o nature_n must_v be_v câ—â—ryed_v on_o by_o such_o efficient_a cause_n and_o effect_n as_o 〈◊〉_d â—roper_a to_o one_o another_o for_o be_v â—ot_n â—â—ese_v cause_n and_o effect_n proper_a to_o one_o another_o any_o 〈◊〉_d may_v do_v any_o thing_n or_o suffer_v from_o any_o thing_n v_o g._n fire_n may_v both_o heat_n and_o cool_v and_o moisten_v and_o water_n may_v be_v as_o combustible_a as_o dry_a wood_n and_o so_o of_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o whiâ—h_a case_n no_o man_n can_v tell_v how_o to_o order_n his_o action_n or_o what_o efficient_a cause_n or_o what_o matter_n rather_o than_o another_o he_o be_v to_o make_v use_n of_o to_o produce_v any_o effect_n nor_o consequent_o sinâ—e_o â—uch_o essence_n be_v ordain_v for_o such_o and_o such_o end_n can_v the_o essence_n or_o nature_n of_o thing_n be_v know_v or_o distinguish_v more_o than_o in_o outward_a appearance_n 5._o hence_o follow_v immediate_o that_o every_o such_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n put_v to_o be_v actual_o cause_v must_v most_o necessary_o produce_v 〈◊〉_d proper_a effect_n for_o since_o to_o causâ—_n be_v 〈◊〉_d do_v and_o to_o do_v nothing_o be_v not_o to_o do_v what_o 〈◊〉_d actual_o cause_v must_v cause_v something_o or_o produce_v some_o effect_n anâ—_n this_o effect_n must_v be_v a_o proper_a one_o as_o have_v be_v prove_v §_o 4._o 6._o all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n in_o nature_n be_v actual_o cause_v for_o since_o the_o virtue_n or_o power_n of_o work_v be_v in_o the_o efficient_a cause_n itself_o as_o be_v nothing_o but_o its_o existence_n and_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o be_v quantitative_a that_o be_v of_o it_o be_v own_o nature_n either_o perfect_o or_o imperfect_o divisible_a and_o variable_a innumerable_a manner_n of_o way_n according_a to_o its_o quality_n nor_o can_v it_o have_v a_o infinite_a power_n of_o resist_v the_o efficiency_n of_o the_o least_o cause_n hence_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o have_v a_o impression_n make_v upon_o it_o to_o some_o degree_n by_o any_o quantitative_a agent_n provide_v there_o be_v but_o immediate_a application_n of_o the_o agent_n to_o the_o patient_n and_o that_o it_o be_v prâ—st_v upon_o it_o but_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n immediate_a application_n of_o one_o natural_a body_n to_o another_o must_v needs_o be_v throughout_o all_o nature_n and_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o moâ—ion_n one_o body_n must_v necessary_o press_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v next_o it_o from_o all_o which_o it_o follow_v evident_o that_o all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n in_o nature_n be_v actual_o cause_v 7._o from_o these_o discourse_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v proper_a effect_n from_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n which_o we_o call_v demonstrate_v â_fw-la priori_fw-la and_o proper_a efficient_a cause_n from_o proper_a effect_n which_o be_v call_v demonstrate_v à _fw-fr posteriori_fw-la for_o since_o a_o cause_n and_o a_o reason_n do_v only_o differ_v in_o this_o that_o the_o word_n cause_n speak_v the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n and_o reason_n the_o same_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v in_o our_o understanding_n and_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n in_o nature_n be_v necessary_o connect_v to_o one_o another_o and_o consequent_o do_v infer_v one_o another_o natural_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o cause_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n effect_n as_o they_o be_v in_o our_o understanding_n must_v be_v the_o reason_n why_o one_o infer_v the_o other_o in_o our_o understanding_n whence_o follow_v that_o thoâ—e_a cause_n and_o effect_n can_v be_v use_v as_o proper_a middle_a term_n to_o infer_v or_o conclude_v one_o another_o and_o that_o proof_n make_v by_o such_o medium_n be_v demonstrative_a be_v clear_a for_o no_o proof_n can_v be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o which_o be_v ground_v on_o those_o notion_n or_o nature_n be_v connect_v natural_o and_o so_o connect_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v show_v these_o be_v §_o §_o 5._o and_o 6._o 8._o this_o be_v far_o confirm_v because_o two_o body_n that_o be_v immediate_a do_v act_n and_o re-act_n or_o be_v in_o some_o respect_n mutual_o cause_n and_o effect_n to_o one_o another_o for_o since_o their_o existence_n which_o be_v their_o power_n of_o act_v be_v immediate_o apply_v and_o by_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n consist_v in_o motion_n press_v upon_o one_o another_o and_o no_o natural_a agent_n be_v of_o infinite_a power_n nor_o consequent_o can_v it_o subdue_v all_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o patient_n in_o a_o instant_a it_o follow_v that_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v by_o degree_n total_o subdue_v the_o resist_a body_n must_v necessary_o for_o the_o reason_n give_v re-act_n upon_o it_o whence_o they_o will_v be_v to_o some_o degree_n or_o in_o some_o respect_n mutual_a cause_n and_o effect_n in_o regard_n of_o each_o other_o corol._n i._o the_o carry_v on_o this_o connected_a course_n of_o natural_a cause_n be_v call_v providence_n and_o as_o join_v with_o a_o course_n of_o supernatural_a one_o interior_a and_o exterior_a perfect_v and_o strengthen_v the_o will_v all_o along_o to_o the_o very_a end_n and_o ripen_a soul_n for_o bliss_n which_o we_o call_v grace_n be_v that_o which_o be_v true_o mean_v by_o predestination_n which_o sound_v so_o terrible_o and_o be_v such_o â—â—ugbeaâ—_n to_o those_o that_o mis-understand_a it_o corâ—â—_n â—i_fw-la every_o step_n of_o this_o order_n of_o cause_n have_v entity_n or_o goodness_n in_o it_o for_o it_o be_v manifest_o the_o cause_v of_o something_o by_o something_o corol._n â—â—i_n therefore_o it_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o â—â—e_z first_o cause_n to_o cause_n or_o lay_v any_o 〈◊〉_d for_o sin_n for_o sin_n formal_o as_o such_o have_v no_o kind_n of_o entity_n or_o goodness_n in_o it_o either_o metaphysical_a physical_a or_o moral_a but_o be_v formal_o a_o mere_a privation_n of_o some_o entity_n or_o goodness_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o a_o intelligent_a creature_n whence_o it_o come_v that_o by_o falling-short_a here_o in_o use_v the_o mean_n that_o creature_n fall_v short_a hereafter_o of_o attain_v the_o end_n which_o be_v only_o attainable_a by_o such_o mean_n to_o explicate_v which_o high_a point_n full_o be_v leave_v to_o solid_a divine_n i_o mean_v such_o as_o do_v not_o guide_v themselves_o by_o mere_a word_n but_o by_o reason_n and_o good_a sense_n corol._n iu._n hence_o follow_v also_o that_o be_v all_o the_o efficient_a cause_n that_o produce_v any_o effect_n know_v to_o we_o we_o can_v have_v no_o accidental_a predication_n nor_o consequent_o any_o opinion_n but_o the_o effect_n will_v still_o be_v equal_o demonstrable_a from_o the_o complexion_n of_o those_o cause_n as_o it_o be_v now_o from_o some_o one_o single_a efficient_a as_o be_v hint_v former_o corol._n v._o hence_o to_o one_o that_o comprehend_v the_o complexion_n of_o all_o cause_n there_o can_v be_v no_o chance_n nor_o can_v such_o a_o man_n have_v any_o ground_n for_o such_o a_o notion_n for_o chance_v as_o the_o common_a use_n of_o the_o word_n tell_v we_o signify_v a_o unseen_a or_o vnforeseen_a cause_n whereas_o no_o cause_n be_v unseen_a to_o he_o who_o see_v demonstrative_o how_o all_o natural_a effect_n follow_v all_o along_o from_o the_o cause_n and_o that_o they_o can_v but_o follow_v from_o such_o cause_n corol._n vi_o hence_o though_o we_o know_v not_o particular_o the_o quid_fw-la est_fw-la of_o this_o exact_a order_n of_o the_o world_n or_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n because_o we_o comprehend_v not_o all_o cause_n nor_o know_v what_o cause_n or_o cause_n do_v
nor_o in_o what_o their_o more_o than_o adamantin_n hardness_n consist_v nor_o how_o the_o potential_a part_n of_o these_o atom_n do_v come_v to_o have_v such_o a_o insuperably-firm_a coherence_n nor_o yet_o do_v cartesius_n explicate_v to_o we_o of_o what_o nature_n his_o first_o mass_n of_o matter_n be_v what_o degree_n of_o consistency_n or_o density_n it_o have_v and_o if_o any_o as_o it_o must_v have_v some_o or_o oâ—her_o why_o it_o be_v to_o be_v of_o that_o density_n or_o in_o what_o that_o density_n consist_v which_o show_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o regard_v or_o mind_v the_o intrinsecal_n nature_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n though_o this_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v great_a influence_n on_o the_o oeconomy_n of_o the_o world_n and_o have_v afford_v we_o much_o light_n to_o know_v the_o constitution_n and_o temper_n of_o natural_a body_n and_o consequent_o of_o their_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n as_o also_o of_o many_o intrinsical_a modification_n of_o they_o high_o conduce_v to_o give_v account_n of_o and_o explicate_v the_o operation_n of_o natural_a agent_n the_o only_a thing_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v regard_v be_v the_o extension_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n and_o the_o motion_n figure_n and_o situation_n of_o its_o part_n which_o be_v extrinsical_a or_o common_a consideration_n but_o to_o give_v any_o account_n of_o what_o intrinsical_a or_o essential_a nature_n that_o matter_n be_v they_o be_v perfect_o silent_a they_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v but_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o intrinsical_a nature_n which_o yet_o they_o must_v be_v bind_v to_o do_v since_o all_o extrinsical_a respect_n come_v by_o motion_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o begin_v or_o if_o epicurus_n do_v by_o make_v his_o atom_n infractil_o it_o be_v both_o say_v gratis_o and_o beside_o he_o give_v we_o no_o account_n in_o what_o that_o quality_n of_o indissoluble_a hardness_n consist_v or_o how_o it_o be_v to_o be_v explicate_v 11._o hence_o the_o peripatetic_n allege_v that_o however_o the_o author_n of_o those_o sect_n be_v man_n of_o great_a wit_n and_o strong_a brain_n for_o it_o be_v not_o a_o task_n for_o ordinary_a capacity_n to_o undertake_v a_o design_n that_o fathom_n and_o comprehend_v all_o nature_n yet_o they_o can_v never_o begin_v with_o evident_a categorical_a proposition_n and_o first_o principle_n or_o carry_v on_o their_o discourse_n so_o as_o to_o bear_v the_o test_n of_o true_a logic_n but_o either_o their_o principle_n must_v be_v far_o from_o self-evident_a and_o must_v need_v proof_n which_o be_v against_o the_o nature_n of_o first_o principle_n or_o else_o their_o consequence_n must_v be_v loose_a and_o slack_a and_o the_o only_a way_n to_o refute_v this_o objection_n be_v for_o some_o of_o their_o school_n to_o put_v it_o to_o the_o trial_n by_o lay_v their_o principle_n and_o proceed_v forward_o to_o draw_v all_o along_o evident_a conclusion_n without_o intermingle_v their_o own_o supposition_n but_o the_o peripatetic_n be_v very_o confident_a they_o neither_o can_v do_v this_o nor_o will_v ever_o attempt_v it_o i_o mean_v so_o as_o to_o carry_v it_o along_o with_o connexion_n and_o evidence_n in_o which_o spinoza_n though_o perhaps_o the_o best_a writer_n of_o the_o cartesian_a school_n fall_v very_o short_a and_o piece_n out_o his_o discourse_n with_o many_o unproved_a supposition_n as_o be_v hint_v above_o in_o my_o preface_n 12._o and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o corpuscularian_o be_v force_v by_o their_o cause_n to_o decline_v such_o a_o severe_a method_n antiperipatetick_n strive_v to_o avail_v themselves_o and_o uphold_v their_o cause_n by_o witty_a discourse_n smooth_a language_n clear_a expression_n apt_a similitude_n ingenious_a experiment_n that_o bear_v a_o semblance_n of_o agree_v with_o their_o doctrine_n and_o such_o like_a stratagem_n to_o make_v a_o plausible_a show_n of_o science_n but_o their_o chief_a reliance_n be_v on_o the_o facile_a and_o familiar_a appearance_n to_o fancy_n with_o which_o they_o court_v that_o delusive_a and_o easy_o delude_v faculty_n and_o to_o this_o end_n they_o gratify_v it_o with_o such_o proposal_n as_o be_v apt_a to_o sink_v into_o it_o most_o pleas_o such_o as_o be_v particle_n of_o matter_n who_o variety_n of_o imaginary_a figure_n and_o the_o diverse_a position_n of_o they_o they_o without_o study_n quick_o apprehend_v and_o conceit_v that_o all_o be_v do_v when_o they_o have_v thus_o fancy_v or_o apprehend_v they_o they_o argue_v thus_o if_o these_o pore_n and_o part_n will_v do_v the_o business_n what_o need_n be_v there_o of_o those_o abstruse_a and_o metaphysical_a speculation_n of_o formal_a composition_n and_o mutation_n and_o those_o many_o intrinsical_a change_n of_o which_o fancy_n can_v frame_v no_o idea_n or_o shape_v and_o indeed_o such_o high_a point_n seem_v to_o that_o superficial_a faculty_n mysterious_a whimsy_n they_o disgust_v it_o with_o the_o laboriousness_n of_o comprehend_v they_o and_o persuade_v man_n of_o fancy_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o explicate_v nature_n by_o such_o principle_n because_o they_o be_v raise_v beyond_o its_o reach_n and_o indeed_o if_o nature_n can_v be_v solid_o explicate_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o contessellation_n of_o particle_n fancy_n will_v have_v as_o it_o never_o have_v some_o reason_n but_o if_o upon_o examination_n we_o come_v to_o find_v that_o such_o scheme_n go_v no_o deep_a than_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o thing_n that_o they_o can_v never_o reach_v to_o the_o bottom-principle_n of_o nature_n nor_o give_v solid_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o true_a intrinsical_a nature_n of_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o judgement_n attend_v to_o maxim_n of_o evident_a reason_n and_o to_o true_a logic_n then_o we_o must_v be_v force_v to_o follow_v the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n and_o have_v recourse_n to_o intrinsical_a and_o formal_a mutation_n especial_o if_o the_o necessity_n of_o allow_v it_o shall_v happen_v to_o be_v demonstate_v 13._o to_o do_v which_o be_v our_o present_a work_n we_o will_v begin_v with_o epicurus_n doctrine_n a_o scholar_n of_o the_o first_o class_n in_o the_o school_n of_o democritus_n this_o philosopher_n if_o we_o may_v call_v he_o so_o put_v innumerable_a atom_n or_o rather_o contrary_a to_o a_o clear_a demonstration_n a_o actual_o infinite_a number_n of_o they_o and_o of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o figure_n descend_v in_o a_o infinite_a imaginary_a space_n or_o vacuity_n some_o of_o they_o downward_o some_o of_o they_o overthwart_o according_a as_o his_o hypothesis_n have_v occasion_n that_o so_o they_o may_v overtake_v their_o fellow-atome_n with_o which_o cling_v together_o by_o virtue_n of_o their_o mere_a figure_n they_o compound_v several_a world_n and_o every_o particular_a body_n in_o each_o of_o those_o world_n that_o natural_a body_n become_v rare_a or_o dense_n according_a as_o they_o have_v in_o they_o more_o or_o few_o of_o those_o atom_n or_o as_o they_o call_v it_o plenum_fw-la in_o proportion_n to_o the_o vacuum_n thus_o much_o in_o common_a of_o his_o hypothesis_n which_o be_v the_o circumstance_n proper_a it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v beside_o it_o be_v vnprove_v be_v a_o hotchpotch_n of_o the_o most_o refine_a nonsense_n in_o every_o particular_a sentence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o word_n notwithstanding_o the_o explication_n and_o patronage_n which_o gassendus_fw-la lucretius_n and_o our_o dr._n charleton_n have_v lend_v he_o while_o i_o be_o speak_v of_o his_o tenet_n i_o note_v here_o by_o the_o way_n that_o by_o the_o indivisibility_n of_o his_o atom_n he_o mean_v insuperable_a hardness_n or_o absolute_a infractilness_n and_o not_o that_o they_o consist_v in_o a_o point_n or_o want_n extension_n as_o he_o be_v understand_v by_o mr._n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr in_o his_o entire_a body_n of_o philosophy_n part_v 4._o c._n 4._o §_o 6._o for_o to_o think_v that_o since_o he_o make_v they_o of_o several_a figure_n there_o shall_v want_v room_n or_o space_n to_o admit_v division_n can_v not_o be_v mean_v by_o such_o man_n as_o epicurus_n or_o gassendus_fw-la but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o business_n what_o concern_v we_o at_o present_a be_v this_o that_o let_v he_o contrive_v his_o scheme_n as_o he_o please_v for_o in_o such_o fantastic_a philosophy_n all_o be_v as_o please_v fancy_n the_o painter_n yet_o he_o must_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v intrinsecal_n and_o formal_a mutation_n even_o while_o he_o most_o industrious_o strive_v to_o avoid_v it_o at_o least_o though_o perhaps_o his_o follower_n will_v not_o own_o the_o conclusion_n yet_o they_o must_v allow_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o or_o the_o principle_n that_o ought_v to_o infer_v it_o 14._o to_o show_v which_o we_o ask_v be_v all_o his_o atom_n of_o the_o same_o matter_n changeable_a he_o must_v grant_v it_o for_o he_o allow_v no_o difference_n between_o they_o but_o that_o of_o figure_n again_o each_o of_o those_o atom_n must_v be_v grant_v to_o be_v
motion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o that_o instant_a begin_v or_o if_o they_o mean_v only_o its_o potential_a part_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o that_o one_o actual_a whole_a not_o to_o pose_v they_o by_o what_o virtue_n those_o potential_a part_n do_v formal_o cohere_v which_o without_o make_v divisibility_n which_o be_v quantitative_a unity_n or_o continuity_n the_o essence_n of_o quantity_n be_v impossible_a to_o explicate_v the_o question_n return_v and_o we_o demand_v how_o firm_o those_o part_n do_v cling_v together_o that_o be_v how_o dense_n that_o whole_o be_v and_o in_o what_o its_o density_n consist_v which_o we_o affirm_v must_v have_v be_v either_o in_o its_o intrinsical_a nature_n or_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o consistency_n which_o be_v in_o its_o be_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n more_o or_o less_o divisible_a by_o natural_a cause_n or_o in_o nothing_o again_o if_o density_n consist_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n and_o there_o be_v most_o perfect_a rest_n before_o there_o be_v any_o motion_n than_o the_o density_n of_o it_o must_v have_v surpass_v all_o degree_n and_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o epicurus_n his_o atom_n that_o be_v insuperable_o and_o essential_o incapable_a of_o be_v divide_v which_o they_o must_v not_o say_v who_o make_v their_o element_n make_v by_o the_o rub_v of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n against_o the_o other_o beside_o in_o thaâ—_n supposition_n god_n as_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n have_v offer_v violence_n to_o his_o own_o creation_n by_o divide_v it_o immediate_o at_o first_o last_o that_o matter_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n indifferent_a to_o be_v move_v or_o not-moved_a that_o be_v indifferent_a to_o rest_n or_o motion_n for_o be_v and_o extension_n abstract_a from_o both_o whereas_o in_o our_o case_n density_n and_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v have_v it_o be_v rare_a be_v natural_a to_o it_o and_o not_o adventitious_a or_o accidental_a by_o the_o operation_n of_o external_n cause_n it_o can_v not_o have_v be_v indifferent_a to_o it_o since_o every_o thing_n necessary_o require_v what_o be_v natural_a to_o itself_o nor_o be_v a_o thing_n mere_o by_o its_o be_v in_o rest_n of_o another_o nature_n to_o understand_v this_o more_o clear_o let_v we_o consider_v this_o proposition_n that_o thing_n call_v the_o first_o matter_n be_v in_o rest_n it_o be_v about_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n or_o intrinsecal_n quality_n of_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o proposition_n we_o be_v inquire_v to_o which_o supervene_v that_o accidental_a predicate_v of_o be_v in_o rest._n wherefore_o to_o be_v in_o rest_n do_v not_o alter_v the_o intrinsecal_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n but_o presuppose_v they_o and_o therefore_o all_o its_o intrinsecal_n must_v have_v belong_v to_o it_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n whether_o it_o have_v happen_v to_o be_v in_o rest_n or_o in_o motion_n 22._o density_n then_o in_o their_o first_o matter_n can_v be_v explicate_v by_o rest_n nor_o consequent_o mutation_n rarity_n by_o motion_n let_v we_o search_v then_o far_o in_o what_o we_o can_v conceive_v it_o to_o consist_v or_o how_o it_o may_v be_v explicate_v now_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o all_o particular_a nature_n or_o notion_n be_v to_o be_v explicate_v by_o more_o common_a and_o general_a one_o if_o we_o go_v to_o work_v like_o philosopher_n for_o all_o ground_n and_o principle_n be_v make_v up_o of_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v common_a or_o universal_a one_o and_o to_o explicate_v particular_n by_o other_o particular_n be_v the_o way_n of_o proceed_v by_o similitude_n which_o may_v serve_v sometime_o to_o elucidate_n but_o never_o to_o prove_v or_o to_o resolve_v any_o thing_n or_o notion_n into_o its_o formal_a cause_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o philosopher_n we_o find_v then_o abstract_v fâ—om_a rest_n and_o motion_n which_o be_v accidental_a to_o that_o matter_n no_o notion_n or_o nature_n in_o it_o that_o can_v be_v superior_a to_o density_n and_o rarity_n but_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o that_o be_v that_o thing_n itself_o call_v the_o first_o matter_n and_o its_o quantity_n and_o quantity_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o affect_v the_o body_n mere_o in_o order_n to_o its_o self_n or_o else_o in_o order_n to_o the_o cause_n that_o may_v work_v upon_o it_o the_o former_a we_o call_v extension_n the_o latter_a divisibility_n physical_o consider_v now_o density_n can_v any_o way_n be_v explicate_v by_o extension_n as_o that_o in_o which_o it_o consist_v as_o be_v most_o evident_a in_o regard_n a_o body_n may_v be_v equal_o extend_v whether_o it_o be_v rare_a or_o dense_n nor_o be_v any_o thing_n therefore_o rare_a or_o denser_n because_o it_o be_v long_o or_o shorter_n let_v we_o apply_v then_o our_o consideration_n to_o divisibility_n take_v in_o the_o sense_n speak_v off_o late_o viz._n as_o make_v its_o subject_a apt_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o or_o divide_v by_o natural_a cause_n and_o the_o proper_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o every_o common_a notion_n be_v more_o and_o less_o and_o it_o be_v also_o evident_a from_o the_o very_a notion_n and_o from_o the_o consent_n of_o mankind_n that_o we_o call_v those_o body_n dense_n which_o be_v less_o easy_a to_o be_v divide_v or_o less_o divisible_a and_o those_o rare_a which_o be_v more_o divisible_a or_o more_o easy_a to_o be_v divide_v we_o be_v in_o a_o fair_a way_n to_o find_v out_o clear_o what_o rarity_n and_o density_n do_v consist_v in_o viz._n rarity_n in_o a_o excess_n or_o great_a proportion_n of_o quantity_n thus_o consider_v to_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n of_o it_o and_o density_n in_o a_o lesser_a proportion_n of_o the_o same_o quantity_n to_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o the_o subject_a of_o it_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o as_o matter_n nor_o do_v this_o more_o strain_v our_o reason_n to_o conceive_v this_o various_a participation_n of_o the_o same_o accident_n quantity_n than_o it_o do_v to_o conceive_v a_o thing_n to_o partake_v the_o quality_n of_o whiteness_n unequal_o and_o be_v more_o or_o less_o white_a for_o that_o maxim_n of_o quantitas_fw-la non_fw-la suscipit_fw-la magis_fw-la &_o minus_fw-la be_v mean_v evident_o of_o extension_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o least_o imaginable_a extension_n be_v add_v or_o abstract_v from_o the_o former_a must_v necessary_o vary_v the_o species_n 23._o that_o we_o may_v bear_v up_o more_o direct_o to_o our_o main_a thesis_n since_o rarity_n another_o or_o else_o density_n must_v necessary_o be_v in_o their_o first_o matter_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v it_o to_o be_v at_o all_o divisible_a by_o natural_a cause_n but_o it_o must_v be_v either_o easy_o or_o hardly_o divisible_a by_o they_o if_o we_o join_v to_o this_o that_o contraria_fw-la according_a to_o the_o maxim_n sunt_fw-la circa_fw-la idem_fw-la subjectum_fw-la it_o will_v and_o must_v follow_v that_o the_o same_o matter_n whether_o they_o or_o we_o that_o have_v a_o power_n in_o it_o to_o be_v less_o divisible_a or_o dense_n have_v also_o a_o power_n in_o it_o to_o be_v more_o divisible_a or_o rare_a and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o the_o first_o matter_n itself_o but_o also_o in_o every_o particular_a body_n in_o nature_n make_v of_o it_o and_o which_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o that_o matter_n in_o it_o whence_o result_v this_o conclusion_n that_o rare_a body_n be_v transmutable_a into_o dense_n and_o dense_n into_o rare_a and_o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o body_n according_a to_o these_o two_o primary_n quality_n and_o consequent_o according_a to_o all_o secondary_a quality_n too_o which_o as_o will_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o physics_n be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o primary_n one_o so_o that_o most_o of_o the_o effect_n in_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o formal_a mutation_n nor_o consequent_o can_v nature_n be_v ever_o right_o explicate_v by_o the_o denier_n of_o such_o a_o formal_a change_n 24._o let_v it_o be_v well_o note_v that_o i_o speak_v not_o in_o this_o last_o discourse_n of_o contradictory_n which_o have_v no_o middle_a between_o they_o and_o therefore_o can_v have_v the_o same_o matter_n or_o subject_n or_o make_v it_o changeable_a from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o because_o body_n be_v divisible_a it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o subject_a can_v be_v change_v to_o indivisible_a what_o i_o discourse_n of_o and_o from_o whence_o in_o part_n i_o draw_v my_o argument_n be_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o contrary_n which_o be_v two_o extreme_n under_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o quality_n and_o therefore_o have_v middling_a quality_n between_o both_o by_o pass_v through_o which_o as_o by_o degree_n or_o step_n the_o body_n be_v transmutable_a from_o one_o of_o they_o into_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o neither_o extreme_a be_v infinite_o such_o and_o therefore_o
grant_v the_o certainty_n of_o those_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n or_o they_o must_v confess_v all_o their_o idea_n be_v nothing_o worth_a for_o since_o they_o hold_v that_o the_o object_n imprint_v motion_n on_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o sense_n which_o make_v such_o a_o report_n as_o it_o be_v to_o the_o soul_n the_o proper_a and_o 3_o ingenit_fw-la idea_n of_o such_o a_o body_n be_v either_o excite_v in_o the_o soul_n or_o else_o be_v as_o cartesius_n elsewhere_o express_v it_o elicit_v that_o be_v produce_v by_o it_o upon_o the_o hint_n give_v it_o by_o such_o a_o motion_n in_o case_n the_o impression_n cause_v such_o motion_n be_v not_o sincere_a and_o do_v not_o true_o inform_v she_o a_o wrong_a idea_n may_v come_v to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o and_o so_o they_o can_v never_o have_v any_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o any_o thing_n have_v thus_o get_v rid_v of_o the_o sense_n give_v we_o notice_n of_o outward_a thing_n by_o imprint_v notion_n in_o they_o which_o experience_n teach_v we_o be_v the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o know_v any_o thing_n it_o follow_v of_o course_n that_o they_o must_v recur_v to_o extraordinary_a way_n by_o inward_a mean_n or_o to_o inward_a light_n which_o be_v the_o method_n of_o fanatic_n in_o religion_n when_o they_o have_v reject_v the_o ordinary_a way_n of_o believe_v their_o proper_a teacher_n and_o hence_o the_o cartesian_o tell_v we_o they_o know_v there_o be_v a_o god_n by_o the_o divine_a idea_n of_o himself_o which_o he_o have_v imprint_v in_o they_o which_o be_v in_o other_o term_n to_o say_v that_o they_o have_v it_o kine_n divine_a revelation_n for_o knowledge_n according_a to_o they_o be_v cause_v in_o they_o by_o those_o idea_n nay_o consist_v formal_o in_o thoir_n have_v the_o idea_n of_o thing_n in_o they_o and_o god_n give_v they_o those_o idea_n without_o the_o help_n of_o second_o cause_n it_o follow_v that_o god_n be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o so_o no_o thanks_o at_o all_o to_o the_o thing_n in_o nature_n or_o to_o natural_a agent_n these_o idea_n i_o can_v observe_v by_o cartesius_n discourse_n be_v either_o of_o proposition_n or_o else_o simple_a idea_n of_o the_o former_a they_o say_v that_o whatever_o we_o clear_o and_o distinct_o conceive_v to_o be_v be_v true_a by_o which_o if_o they_o mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o whatever_o we_o know_v to_o be_v be_v or_o that_o we_o can_v true_o know_v that_o to_o be_v which_o be_v not_o nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a or_o more_o evident_a by_o common_a sense_n only_o they_o run_v counter_a in_o their_o discourse_n and_o make_v not_o the_o understanding_n to_o be_v true_a because_o the_o outward_a thing_n be_v so_o but_o they_o argue_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v therefore_o thus_o or_o thus_o because_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o understanding_n be_v such_o or_o such_o and_o so_o they_o seem_v to_o make_v truth_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o understanding_n to_o the_o thing_n but_o in_o the_o thing_n be_v be_v conformable_a to_o the_o idea_n in_o my_o understanding_n as_o cartesius_n himself_o affirm_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o instance_n of_o gassendus_fw-la how_o solid_o he_o argue_v from_o simple_a idea_n may_v be_v see_v by_o his_o demonstration_n of_o a_o deity_n which_o he_o conclude_v to_o be_v because_o he_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o be_v that_o have_v all_o perfection_n in_o it_o among_o which_o existence_n be_v one_o which_o idea_n he_o contend_v he_o can_v never_o have_v have_v from_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o therefore_o it_o must_v have_v be_v imprint_v by_o god_n himself_o immediate_o in_o make_v which_o proof_n passable_a though_o cartesius_n exert_v the_o utmost_a of_o his_o great_a wit_n yet_o this_o plain_a discourse_n will_v manifest_v how_o untoward_a and_o inconclusive_a it_o be_v i_o can_v have_v a_o notien_n or_o idea_n of_o finis_fw-la of_o non_fw-la and_o of_o perfection_n and_o thing_n and_o all_o and_o last_o of_o existence_n and_o have_v i_o not_o such_o distinct_a idea_n of_o all_o these_o i_o can_v not_o understand_v the_o mean_v of_o those_o word_n for_o a_o idea_n can_v be_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o those_o word_n have_v distinct_a idea_n of_o all_o these_o i_o can_v compound_v a_o idea_n pf_n all_o these_o or_o frame_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o have_v all_o perfection_n in_o it_o and_o existence_n among_o the_o rest_n and_o this_o idea_n be_v in_o my_o mind_n and_o the_o effect_v pure_o of_o my_o mind_n already_o imbue_v with_o those_o simple_a idea_n and_o compound_v they_o for_o i_o have_v it_o not_o from_o any_o one_o thing_n direct_o nor_o do_v i_o gather_v it_o by_o discourse_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n i_o be_v pre-acquainted_a with_o but_o how_o come_v it_o or_o how_o can_v he_o argue_v that_o because_o i_o have_v such_o a_o idea_n frame_v by_o my_o mind_n it_o must_v exist_v without_o my_o mind_n or_o have_v a_o reality_n there_o unless_o my_o mind_n can_v coin_n or_o create_v being_n at_o her_o pleasure_n as_o oft_o as_o i_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o compound_v such_o idea_n together_o he_o play_v witty_o upon_o the_o word_n existence_n but_o we_o may_v consider_v the_o notion_n of_o existence_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o know_v the_o mean_v of_o that_o word_n and_o yet_o abstract_a whether_o it_o do_v actual_o put_v its_o formal_a effect_n that_o be_v whether_o that_o existence_n be_v exercise_v or_o not_o exercise_v in_o the_o thing_n which_o consideration_n alone_o spoil_v his_o whole_a argument_n let_v we_o put_v a_o parallel_n i_o have_v a_o complex_fw-la idea_n of_o these_o word_n my_o debtor_n will_v pay_v i_o a_o hundred_o pound_n to_o morrow_n at_o ten_o a_o clock_n at_o his_o goldsmith_n that_o be_v i_o have_v in_o my_o mind_n the_o mean_v of_o all_o these_o word_n and_o existence_n be_v necessary_o involve_v in_o the_o mean_v of_o those_o word_n for_o they_o signify_v determinate_a person_n time_n place_n and_o action_n all_o which_o involve_v existence_n will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o that_o action_n of_o pay_v i_o money_n will_v be_v because_o my_o idea_n include_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o action_n so_o determinate_o circumstance_v yet_o upon_o his_o knowledge_n of_o a_o deity_n by_o this_o demonstration_n depend_v by_o his_o discourse_n all_o the_o knowledge_n he_o have_v of_o any_o truth_n except_o perhaps_o of_o ego_fw-la cogito_fw-la what_o need_n be_v there_o to_o run_v after_o whimsy_n coin_v in_o the_o mint_n of_o our_o own_o mind_n to_o demonstrate_v a_o deity_n when_o there_o be_v so_o many_o clear_a demonstration_n of_o it_o from_o solid_a ground_n in_o nature_n it_o may_v seem_v harsh_a that_o i_o shall_v resemble_v though_o cartesian_a method_n to_o fanaticism_n or_o pretend_v they_o bring_v a_o kind_n of_o enthusiasm_n into_o philosophy_n let_v the_o so_o much_o applaud_v malbranche_n be_v my_o compurgator_n that_o very_o ingenious_a and_o eloquent_a person_n who_o have_v a_o peculiar_a talon_n of_o talk_a nonsense_n as_o pretty_o and_o plausible_o as_o any_o man_n i_o ever_o read_v in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o search_n after_o truth_n acquaint_v we_o with_o many_o extraordinary_a thing_n which_o will_v no_o doubt_v as_o bayes_n say_v very_o much_o elevate_v and_o surprise_v a_o ordinary_a reader_n in_o common_a he_o confound_v all_o our_o moral_a and_o christian_a knowledge_n which_o be_v immediate_o ordain_v to_o raise_v we_o towards_o heaven_n and_o advance_v virtue_n and_o sanctity_n with_o the_o speculative_a knowledge_n belong_v to_o mere_a philosophy_n and_o most_o untoward_o misapply_v the_o say_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o father_n which_o be_v never_o mean_v for_o his_o purpose_n but_o in_o order_n to_o devotion_n or_o mystical_a theology_n nay_o to_o the_o beatifical_a state_n of_o god_n manifest_v his_o divine_a essence_n to_o the_o saint_n in_o heaven_n to_o the_o maxim_n and_o method_n by_o which_o we_o be_v to_o attain_v human_a science_n in_o particular_a speak_v his_o own_o sense_n according_a to_o the_o cartesian_a doctrine_n he_o tell_v we_o we_o must_v judge_v of_o thing_n by_o the_o pure_a idea_n of_o the_o mind_n whereas_o i_o shall_v rather_o have_v think_v that_o we_o ought_v to_o guide_v our_o thought_n and_o judge_v of_o they_o by_o the_o conformity_n they_o have_v to_o the_o thing_n in_o nature_n since_o we_o be_v sure_o creative_a wisdom_n make_v they_o and_o implant_v truth_n in_o they_o whereas_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o god_n or_o our_o whimsical_a fancy_n give_v we_o our_o idea_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o late_a if_o they_o be_v not_o conformable_a to_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o he_o tell_v we_o far_o that_o all_o science_n be_v learn_v by_o the_o attention_n of_o
proposition_n be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o contradiction_n since_o man_n wit_n can_v invent_v a_o proposition_n direct_o opposite_a to_o what_o run_v run_v not_o but_z what_o run_v run_v which_o be_v perfect_o identical_a add_v that_o all_o fault_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o privation_n of_o the_o opposite_a good_a contradiction_n will_v not_o be_v at_o all_o faulty_a but_o that_o they_o violate_v the_o truth_n of_o identical_a proposition_n as_o have_v be_v now_o prove_v since_o there_o be_v no_o other_o truth_n which_o they_o direct_o and_o formal_o oppose_v or_o destroy_v 12._o again_o as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o to_o conclude_v be_v to_o show_v the_o term_n of_o the_o conclusion_n to_o be_v connect_v by_o their_o be_v connect_v with_o a_o three_o or_o middle_a term_n in_o the_o premise_n but_o how_o can_v we_o show_v that_o middle_a term_n be_v real_o connect_v with_o those_o two_o other_o term_n in_o the_o premise_n by_o find_v still_o another_o middle_a term_n to_o be_v connect_v with_o the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n to_o be_v prove_v and_o how_o far_o must_v this_o go_v on_o endless_o or_o no_o if_o endless_o it_o be_v impossible_a any_o thing_n shall_v ever_o come_v to_o be_v prove_v if_o not_o than_o we_o must_v come_v to_o some_o proposition_n who_o term_n be_v so_o connect_v that_o no_o middle_a term_n can_v come_v between_o they_o that_o be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v connect_v by_o mean_n of_o another_o that_o be_v which_o can_v be_v prove_v or_o make_v evident_a that_o be_v which_o be_v self-connected_n or_o self-evident_a that_o be_v which_o be_v formal_o identical_a to_o enforce_v this_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o more_o remote_a the_o term_n of_o a_o proposition_n be_v from_o formal_a identity_n the_o less_o evident_a they_o be_v and_o the_o more_o prooâ—_n they_o require_v as_o also_o that_o they_o grow_v still_o near_o to_o evidence_n according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o their_o approach_v to_o be_v formal_o the_o same_o wherefore_o since_o all_o approach_n of_o distant_a thing_n end_n in_o their_o conjoin_v and_o centre_v in_o the_o same_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o all_o approach_v of_o distant_a notion_n end_n in_o their_o be_v the_o same_o in_o notion_n or_o in_o a_o proposition_n formal_o identical_a as_o in_o a_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n 13._o beside_o all_o causality_n or_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n be_v final_o refund_v into_o this_o self-evident_a principle_n that_o thing_n be_v such_o as_o they_o be_v that_o be_v be_v what_o they_o be_v for_o since_o a_o effect_n be_v a_o participation_n of_o something_o that_o be_v in_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o cause_n as_o such_o be_v that_o which_o impart_v or_o communicate_v something_a it_o have_v to_o the_o matter_n on_o which_o it_o work_v its_o effect_n again_o since_o the_o effect_n be_v such_o as_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o to_o that_o which_o be_v impart_v to_o it_o and_o if_o the_o cause_n be_v of_o another_o sort_n the_o effect_n still_o vary_v according_o there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o that_o causality_n be_v the_o imprint_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o essence_n or_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n upon_o the_o matter_n whence_o follow_v evident_o that_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o natural_a causality_n and_o the_o whole_a efficacy_n of_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o cause_n exist_v that_o be_v be_v what_o it_o be_v only_o motion_n be_v add_v as_o a_o common_a requisite_a to_o apply_v that_o exi_a cause_n better_o or_o worse_o which_o be_v refund_v into_o a_o nature_n superior_a to_o body_n as_o will_v be_v show_v 7_o hereafter_o 14._o last_o god_n himself_o have_v express_v his_o own_o supreme_a essence_n by_o this_o identical_a proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_n qui_fw-la sum_n that_o be_v i_o exist_v or_o be_o existence_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o a_o manner_n with_o self_n existence_n be_v self-existence_n which_o therefore_o be_v the_o first_o increated_a truth_n as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o create_v one_o that_o what_o be_v be_v or_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v which_o be_v therefore_o true_a because_o god_n be_v what_o he_o be_v or_o because_o self-existence_n be_v self-existence_n from_o which_o divine_a and_o sovereign_a verity_n all_o our_o create_a first_o principle_n derive_v their_o truth_n for_o be_v not_o this_o true_a all_o our_o identical_a proposition_n and_o first_o principle_n will_v all_o be_v false_a in_o regard_n they_o have_v their_o verity_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o of_o our_o understanding_n neither_o of_o which_o can_v have_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o ground_n or_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o truth_n at_o all_o if_o self-existence_n their_o cause_n be_v not_o self-existence_n and_o thence_o unlimited_a in_o power_n wisdom_n and_o goodness_n to_o create_v and_o conserve_v those_o being_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o the_o truth_n we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v the_o reader_n be_v desire_v to_o refer_v this_o section_n to_o the_o three_o corollary_n and_o to_o consider_v they_o well_o together_o because_o they_o mutual_o give_v light_n to_o one_o another_o and_o if_o we_o right_o consider_v it_o as_o the_o proposition_n homo_fw-la est_fw-la homo_fw-la be_v only_o the_o reduce_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o homo_fw-la into_o a_o formal_a truth_n so_o self_n existence_n be_v self-existence_n be_v the_o same_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o sovereign_n metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n corol._n iu._n hence_o be_v see_v that_o a_o atheist_n can_v have_v no_o perfect_o certain_a knowledge_n or_o evidence_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o that_o by_o deny_v his_o maker_n he_o deserve_o come_v to_o lose_v the_o best_a perfection_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o if_o a_o sceptic_a shall_v put_v he_o to_o prove_v that_o thing_n have_v any_o metaphysical_a verity_n in_o they_o ground_v our_o first_o principle_n and_o consequent_o all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o object_n that_o for_o any_o thing_n he_o know_v thing_n be_v chimerical_a and_o so_o contrive_v as_o to_o beget_v in_o we_o false_a judgement_n he_o be_v utter_o at_o a_o loss_n through_o his_o deny_v a_o first_o cause_n who_o unchangeable_a and_o essential_a truth_n and_o goodness_n have_v establish_v their_o nature_n to_o be_v unalterable_o what_o they_o be_v whence_o only_o any_o certain_a and_o evident_a knowledge_n of_o they_o be_v possible_a to_o be_v attain_v 15._o definition_n though_o very_o useful_a to_o science_n be_v not_o self_n evident_a nor_o be_v those_o proposition_n that_o predicate_v the_o definition_n of_o the_o notion_n define_v first_o principle_n for_o self-evident_a principle_n by_o force_n of_o their_o very_a term_n do_v oblige_v the_o understanding_n to_o assent_v which_o such_o proposition_n do_v not_o again_o art_n be_v requisite_a to_o make_v such_o definition_n as_o be_v proper_a and_o adjust_v to_o the_o thing_n define_v whereas_o first_o principle_n must_v antecede_v all_o art_n and_o be_v know_v by_o the_o natural_a light_n of_o our_o understanding_n beside_o the_o possibility_n of_o be_v define_v go_v before_o the_o definition_n which_o possibility_n the_o thing_n have_v from_o its_o metaphysical_a verity_n determine_v it_o to_o be_v this_o and_o no_o other_o for_o if_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o true_o what_o it_o be_v it_o can_v not_o be_v exexplaind_v to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v it_o not_o one_o that_o be_v undivided_a in_o its_o self_n and_o divide_v from_o all_o other_o it_o can_v not_o be_v comprise_v in_o one_o definition_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o determinate_o of_o this_o or_o that_o nature_n it_o be_v certain_a bound_n and_o limit_n can_v not_o be_v draw_v which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o definition_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o proposition_n which_o affirm_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v be_v the_o first_o principle_n and_o ground_n to_o all_o definition_n and_o therefore_o definition_n themselves_o be_v not_o first_a principle_n 16._o this_o be_v further_a evince_v because_o word_n be_v liable_a to_o equivocalness_n where_o there_o be_v more_o word_n as_o there_o be_v in_o definition_n there_o be_v more_o room_n for_o equivocation_n which_o inconvenience_n appear_v no_o where_o more_o than_o in_o the_o know_a definition_n of_o man_n for_o there_o want_v not_o many_o witty_a or_o rather_o half-witted_a discourser_n who_o distinguish_v that_o be_v make_v ambiguous_a the_o word_n rational_a and_o do_v not_o stick_v to_o maintain_v that_o man_n be_v rational_a or_o conclude_v being_n the_o proper_a act_n of_o reason_n can_v conclude_v evident_o in_o line_n and_o number_n but_o not_o in_o logic_n physics_n ethic_n or_o metaphysic_n much_o less_o in_o theology_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o cramp_v the_o definition_n to_o less_o than_o half_a the_o sense_n the_o word_n contain_v there_o be_v other_o
but_o must_v be_v make_v so_o by_o proof_n yet_o since_o all_o deduction_n or_o proof_n be_v make_v by_o connexion_n of_o notion_n and_o those_o notion_n or_o what_o correspond_v to_o they_o must_v be_v connect_v in_o the_o thing_n ere_o they_o can_v be_v so_o in_o our_o understanding_n and_o property_n be_v more_o near_o ally_v to_o the_o essence_n than_o other_o accident_n as_o result_v necessary_o from_o it_o or_o be_v immediate_o connect_v with_o it_o hence_o they_o be_v by_o consequence_n most_o easy_o provable_a to_o belong_v true_o to_o the_o thing_n and_o therefore_o very_o fit_a to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o demonstration_n 14._o of_o this_o sort_n be_v all_o proposition_n who_o predicate_v be_v proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n and_o more_o immediate_o the_o power_n or_o virtue_n by_o which_o they_o act_n on_o other_o or_o suffer_v from_o other_o as_o will_v be_v see_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o demonstration_n 15._o proposition_n who_o predicate_v belong_v to_o the_o last_o predicable_a be_v utter_o inevident_a and_o as_o such_o not_o easy_o evidenceable_a for_o since_o as_o be_v show_v 13._o above_o such_o predicate_v do_v belong_v to_o the_o subject_a but_o by_o chance_n or_o as_o their_o very_a name_n import_v by_o accident_n and_o chance_n signify_v a_o cause_n which_o we_o do_v not_o see_v or_o know_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o connexion_n of_o such_o predicate_v with_o the_o subject_n can_v never_o be_v know_v by_o reason_n or_o prove_v that_o they_o must_v belong_v to_o it_o because_o we_o can_v never_o know_v alâ—_n the_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o make_v they_o belong_v to_o it_o wherefore_o such_o proposition_n be_v utter_o inevident_a nor_o as_o they_o be_v accident_n or_o unconnect_v with_o the_o essence_n easy_o evidenceable_a by_o way_n of_o reason_n that_o they_o must_v belong_v to_o they_o however_o they_o may_v be_v know_v to_o belong_v actual_o to_o they_o hic_fw-mi &_o nunc_fw-la by_o sense_n or_o experience_n such_o predicate_v be_v most_o those_o of_o the_o six_o last_o predicament_n and_o many_o quantity_n quality_n and_o relation_n 16._o notwithstanding_o those_o proposition_n which_o have_v such_o accidental_a predicate_v be_v all_o the_o cause_n by_o which_o they_o hap_v to_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_a perfect_o know_v may_v be_v perfect_o evident_a and_o demonstrable_a for_o as_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v one_o effect_n that_o need_v but_o one_o cause_n to_o put_v it_o from_o that_o single_a cause_n so_o do_v we_o know_v all_o the_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o any_o effect_n which_o be_v bring_v about_o by_o many_o cause_n we_o can_v certain_o conclude_v and_o know_v such_o a_o effect_n will_v follow_v in_o which_o case_n the_o predicate_a will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o accident_n but_o the_o proper_a effect_n of_o that_o complex_fw-la of_o cause_n nor_o will_v the_o proposition_n itself_o be_v any_o long_a mere_o accidental_a corol._n vi_o hence_o there_o be_v nothing_o contingent_a or_o accidental_a to_o god_n but_o all_o event_n though_o never_o so_o minute_n or_o so_o odd_a be_v equal_o certain_a to_o he_o as_o the_o most_o immediate_a effect_n of_o the_o most_o proper_a and_o most_o necessary_a cause_n because_o he_o lay_v and_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a series_n of_o cause_n that_o concur_v to_o bring_v about_o every_o least_o effect_n lesson_n iv._o of_o the_o generate_a of_o knowledge_n in_o we_o and_o of_o the_o method_n how_o this_o be_v perform_v hitherto_o of_o knowledge_n or_o judgement_n according_a to_o their_o dependence_n on_o one_o another_o and_o their_o be_v resolve_v artificial_o into_o first_o principle_n our_o next_o task_n be_v to_o consider_v they_o according_a to_o the_o order_n they_o be_v instill_a into_o we_o natural_o 1._o the_o soul_n or_o the_o understanding_n be_v at_o first_o void_a of_o all_o kind_n of_o knowledge_n or_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la for_o since_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a nor_o act_n needless_o he_o put_v no_o effect_n immediate_o or_o without_o second_o cause_n when_o there_o be_v cause_n lay_v by_o he_o to_o produce_v they_o and_o since_o we_o experience_v that_o cause_n be_v lay_v by_o he_o apt_a to_o imprint_v notion_n in_o we_o and_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o our_o soul_n be_v evident_o comparative_a we_o can_v compare_v those_o notion_n and_o can_v see_v how_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v which_o be_v to_o know_v hence_o in_o case_n the_o soul_n have_v any_o notion_n or_o knowledge_n infuse_v into_o she_o otherwise_o than_o by_o those_o cause_n it_o will_v frustrate_v and_o make_v void_a that_o course_n of_o natural_a agent_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o we_o and_o make_v nature_n contradict_v herself_o again_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o we_o know_v no_o more_o than_o we_o have_v notion_n of_o and_o that_o we_o can_v compare_v those_o notion_n and_o can_v know_v all_o thing_n we_o have_v notion_n of_o and_o do_v thus_o right_o compare_v and_o that_o both_o those_o effect_n do_v follow_v natural_o from_o the_o impression_n of_o object_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o absurdity_n to_o affirm_v that_o those_o cause_n do_v only_o excite_v and_o not_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o we_o last_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n suppose_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v a_o ens_fw-la before_o the_o body_n or_o at_o least_o distinct_a from_o it_o and_o then_o it_o be_v both_o unconceivable_a and_o inexplicable_a how_o they_o can_v ever_o come_v to_o be_v unite_v so_o as_o to_o compound_v one_o ens._n for_o this_o can_v be_v do_v quantitative_o as_o be_v evident_a nor_o by_o their_o act_v together_o as_o the_o cartesian_o hold_v both_o because_o all_o action_n presuppose_v the_o be_v of_o a_o thing_n whence_o they_o must_v be_v one_o ens_fw-la before_o they_o can_v act_n as_o one_o ens_fw-la as_o also_o because_o the_o line_n or_o predicament_n of_o action_n be_v 18._o distinct_a from_o that_o of_o ens_fw-la and_o extrinsical_a to_o it_o and_o so_o can_v 1._o intrinsical_o constitute_v those_o joynt-acter_n one_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v conceive_v that_o the_o body_n if_o it_o be_v not_o one_o ens_fw-la with_o the_o soul_n can_v act_v with_o it_o otherwise_o than_o as_o its_o instrument_n and_o it_o will_v be_v most_o absurd_a to_o say_v that_o my_o hand_n and_o pen_n be_v oâ—e_a thing_n because_o they_o joint_o concur_v in_o their_o different_a way_n to_o the_o action_n of_o write_v wherefore_o the_o soul_n have_v no_o antecedent_n knowledge_n but_o be_v a_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la capable_a to_o receive_v such_o impression_n as_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o she_o 2._o the_o first_o judgement_n in_o order_n of_o nature_n the_o soul_n have_v be_v that_o its_o self_n or_o the_o man_n exist_v for_o since_o as_o 16._o be_v show_v the_o first_o notion_n the_o soul_n have_v be_v of_o the_o man_n himself_o and_o of_o his_o existence_n and_o 10._o all_o judgement_n be_v make_v by_o compound_v or_o compare_v of_o notion_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o most_o obvious_a most_o easy_a most_o natural_a and_o consequent_o the_o first_o judgement_n in_o priority_n of_o nature_n that_o a_o man_n have_v when_o he_o be_v ripe_a to_o judge_v be_v that_o himself_o be_v or_o i_o be_o 3._o the_o next_o judgement_n be_v that_o he_o be_v strike_v or_o affect_v by_o some_o object_n without_o he_o for_o since_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v motion_n and_o therefore_o object_n be_v continual_o move_v where_o the_o man_n be_v and_o so_o do_v light_n and_o act_n on_o his_o sense_n that_o be_v do_v work_v experimental_a knowledge_n in_o he_o that_o he_o be_v act_v upon_o or_o strike_v by_o they_o it_o follow_v that_o he_o must_v after_o he_o come_v to_o frame_v judgement_n necessary_o and_o frequent_o know_v and_o consequent_o judge_v he_o be_v strike_v nor_o can_v this_o be_v the_o first_o judgement_n both_o for_o the_o reason_n late_o give_v sect._n 2._o as_o also_o because_o in_o this_o proposition_n i_o be_o strike_v the_o proposition_n i_o be_o be_v most_o simple_a and_o manifest_o antecede_v i_o be_o strike_v the_o notion_n of_o strike_v be_v clear_o superad_v to_o it_o 4._o the_o next_o knowledge_n or_o next_o judgement_n to_o the_o former_a in_o order_n of_o nature_n be_v i_o be_o strike_v thus_o or_o affect_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o i_o be_o strike_v be_v more_o simple_a and_o so_o antecede_v i_o be_o strike_v thus_o which_o superadd_n to_o it_o whence_o this_o proposition_n be_v prove_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o three_o section_n 5._o these_o judgement_n have_v we_o be_v furnish_v by_o nature_n with_o mean_n of_o know_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o distinct_a nature_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o affect_v we_o for_o since_o we_o get_v all_o our_o notion_n
it_o the_o object_a than_o slide_v over_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o proposition_n i_o think_v as_o compare_v with_o the_o proposition_n i_o be_o and_o other_o judgement_n experimental_o know_v and_o compare_v it_o with_o other_o proposition_n subsequent_a to_o i_o think_v wherefore_o he_o first_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o be_v more_o certain_a than_o they_o be_v and_o prefer_v it_o before_o all_o other_o without_o compare_v it_o with_o those_o other_o which_o be_v to_o suppose_v it_o so_o gratis_o and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o strange_a he_o ground_n all_o knowledge_n whatever_o upon_o it_o 13._o it_o be_v yet_o a_o worse_a error_n that_o whereas_o ens_fw-la or_o be_v be_v the_o basis_n of_o all_o other_o notion_n so_o that_o if_o no_o thing_n be_v they_o can_v be_v the_o alledger_n by_o argue_v thus_o cogito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la do_v by_o a_o strange_a hysteron_fw-gr proteron_fw-gr put_v a_o operation_n to_o be_v antecedent_n to_o be_v itself_o and_o that_o to_o be_v think_v be_v a_o more_o simple_a clear_a and_o distinct_a notion_n than_o to_o be_v and_o then_o from_o a_o operation_n find_v out_o or_o suppose_v he_o conclude_v the_o very_a notion_n of_o be_v itself_o to_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n nay_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o odd_a he_o suppose_v the_o notion_n of_o knowledge_n of_o himself_o import_v by_o the_o word_n ego_fw-la and_o suppose_v that_o ens_fw-la or_o ego_fw-la to_o be_v as_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o copula_fw-la sum_n nay_o more_o he_o suppose_v that_o ens_fw-la or_o himself_z not_o only_o to_o be_v â—ut_v moreover_o to_o be_v such_o viz._n operate_n or_o think_v which_o most_o evident_o speak_v or_o imply_v existence_n and_o when_o he_o have_v do_v all_o this_o he_o infer_v thence_o contrary_a to_o our_o 3d._n &_o four_o sect._n the_o simple_a be_v of_o that_o which_o he_o have_v not_o only_o put_v to_o be_v and_o be_v know_v but_o which_o he_o have_v over_o and_o above_o put_v to_o be_v or_o be_v know_v to_o be_v such_o that_o be_v to_o be_v operate_n or_o think_v 14._o hence_o this_o method_n of_o generate_a science_n be_v unnatural_a preposterous_a and_o self-contradictory_a it_o be_v unnatural_a first_o because_o the_o way_n nature_n take_v to_o beget_v knowledge_n in_o we_o be_v not_o by_o divest_v ourselves_o of_o all_o other_o knowledge_n to_o find_v out_o what_o be_v most_o certain_a but_o she_o at_o first_o instil_v knowledge_n into_o we_o by_o a_o natural_a way_n of_o imprint_v notion_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o our_o conpare_v they_o and_o thence_o let_v we_o see_v whether_o they_o agree_v or_o disagree_v 2_o lie_n because_o it_o strain_v nature_n to_o fancy_v ourselves_o ignorant_a of_o many_o clear_a truth_n which_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n force_v we_o to_o assent_v to_o as_o evident_a and_o 3_o lie_v because_o i_o be_o be_v according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n antecedent_n to_o i_o be_o think_v it_o be_v preposterous_a because_o it_o argue_v from_o compound_v judgement_n which_o be_v less_o know_v to_o inâ—er_v what_o be_v more_o simple_a and_o so_o more_o know_v and_o last_o it_o be_v self_n contradictory_n because_o it_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v or_o to_o be_v know_v which_o as_o yet_o according_a to_o that_o doctrine_n be_v not_o or_o be_v not_o know_v but_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v that_o be_v make_v know_v as_o be_v show_v section_n 13_o 15._o hypothetical_n philosophy_n which_o be_v ground_v on_o supposition_n and_o beg_v that_o such_o and_o such_o thing_n may_v be_v yield_v and_o then_o it_o will_v explicate_v alâ—_n nature_n be_v build_v on_o mere_a fancy_n and_o be_v unworthy_a the_o name_n of_o philosophy_n for_o since_o it_o belong_v to_o a_o philosopher_n to_o resolve_v all_o truth_n into_o their_o principle_n and_o all_o natural_a effect_n into_o their_o proper_a cause_n and_o final_o if_o need_v be_v into_o their_o first_o principle_n or_o first_o cause_n and_o a_o hypothetical_n philosopher_n can_v never_o perform_v this_o duty_n which_o be_v most_o essential_a to_o a_o philosopher_n in_o regard_n the_o first_o ground_n he_o lay_v be_v bare_o beg_v or_o suppose_v that_o be_v neither_o self-evident_a nor_o make_v evident_a by_o way_n of_o proof_n hence_o hypothetical_n philosophy_n be_v utter_o unworthy_a the_o name_n of_o philosophy_n since_o all_o its_o assertion_n and_o conclusion_n if_o drive_v home_o be_v resolve_v final_o into_o precarious_a supposition_n again_n since_o all_o speculation_n be_v airy_a and_o fantastical_a that_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v find_v in_o nature_n and_o such_o discourser_n do_v not_o final_o build_v their_o discourse_n on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o find_v they_o to_o be_v but_o on_o their_o be_v such_o as_o they_o suppose_v they_o or_o will_v have_v they_o to_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o the_o whole_a scheme_n of_o their_o doctrine_n and_o all_o the_o speculation_n they_o advance_v how_o ingenious_a so_o ever_o they_o may_v appear_v be_v far_o from_o solid_a and_o in_o reality_n groundless_a airy_a and_o fantastical_a 16._o hence_o follow_v that_o who_o ever_o suppose_v any_o principle_n or_o proposition_n that_o influence_n his_o explication_n of_o nature_n or_o of_o natural_a effect_n which_o arâ—_n apt_a to_o be_v produce_v by_o natural_a cause_n and_o demonstrate_v by_o they_o whether_o that_o principle_n be_v that_o matter_n be_v divide_v into_o such_o or_o such_o part_n or_o that_o it_o be_v move_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o it_o continue_v its_o motion_n without_o a_o natural_a motive_n cause_v continual_o act_v on_o it_o notwithstanding_o that_o it_o still_o meet_v with_o rub_n from_o other_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o it_o â—reaks_v asunder_o that_o there_o be_v such_o figure_n of_o its_o part_n or_o such_o quality_n affect_v the_o subject_a and_o give_v it_o a_o virtue_n of_o operate_n thus_o or_o thus_o that_o â—here_o be_v multitude_n of_o little_a entity_n bring_v in_o â—o_o serve_v a_o present_a turn_n when_o the_o discourser_n be_v at_o 〈◊〉_d plunge_n or_o atom_n pursue_v and_o over_o take_v â—heir_a fellow_n and_o cling_v together_o convenient_o â—or_a his_o purpose_n without_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o and_o 〈◊〉_d they_o must_v do_v so_o as_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o epiâ—ureans_n or_o what_o ever_o other_o useful_a expedient_a he_o â—upposes_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o clockwork_n of_o his_o scheme_n such_o a_o man_n be_v no_o true_a philosopher_n 17._o likewise_o who_o ever_o lay_v for_o his_o ground_n â—hat_n neither_o be_v nor_o can_v be_v viz._n vacuum_n imaginary_a space_n subsistent_a dimension_n infinite_a expansion_n of_o continue_v quantity_n infinite_a number_n of_o atom_n and_o suchlike_a can_v be_v no_o true_a philosopher_n since_o they_o as_o do_v the_o former_a resolve_v thing_n final_o into_o their_o own_o unproved_a and_o ridiculous_a supposition_n and_o will_v have_v we_o accept_v their_o groundless_a fancy_n for_o first_o principle_n when_o as_o many_o â—imes_n the_o contrary_a to_o these_o be_v clear_o demonstrable_a 18._o whoever_o proceed_v mere_o upon_o experiment_n and_o induction_n and_o can_v assign_v proper_a cause_n for_o the_o effect_n or_o matter_n of_o fact_n they_o seeâ—one_v â—one_z how_o ever_o their_o inquisitiveness_n into_o nature_n may_v merit_v commendation_n and_o oblige_v artificer_n and_o practical_a man_n by_o many_o useful_a observation_n and_o in_o some_o measure_n help_v speculative_a man_n also_o who_o do_v make_v use_n of_o principle_n to_o find_v out_o more_o easy_o the_o proper_a cause_n of_o many_o effect_n from_o which_o industrious_a researche_n into_o nature_n such_o man_n may_v deserve_v the_o name_n of_o virtuoso_n or_o curious_a and_o ingenious_a person_n yet_o since_o as_o will_v be_v show_v hereafter_o they_o can_v by_o that_o method_n alone_o without_o make_v use_n of_o principle_n refund_v effect_n into_o their_o proper_a cause_n nor_o give_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o effect_n they_o experience_v nor_o deduce_v so_o much_o as_o one_o scientifical_a conclusion_n they_o can_v in_o true_a speech_n be_v call_v man_n of_o science_n or_o philosopher_n 19_o those_o of_o the_o vulgar_a who_o have_v good_a mother-witt_n and_o addict_v themselves_o to_o think_v much_o and_o attentive_o of_o some_o certain_a natural_a object_n may_v by_o practical_a self-evidence_n well_o improve_v arrive_v to_o such_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o thing_n as_o may_v rank_v they_o in_o the_o next_o class_n of_o knower_n to_o scientifical_a man_n or_o true_a philosopher_n for_o such_o man_n by_o a_o innate_a or_o casual_a addiction_n of_o their_o thought_n to_o some_o particular_a sort_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o industrious_a and_o frequent_a consideration_n of_o they_o join_v with_o a_o natural_a sagacity_n to_o penetrate_v they_o and_o natural_a logic_n to_o discourse_v they_o in_o their_o thought_n be_v furnish_v with_o
fill_v by_o know_v many_o truth_n but_o be_v enlarge_v and_o enable_v to_o know_v still_o more_o and_o be_v clear_a of_o the_o body_n she_o be_v not_o distract_v by_o object_n work_v upon_o the_o sense_n and_o the_o fancy_n but_o intimate_o and_o necessary_o present_a to_o herself_o and_o consequent_o to_o what_o be_v in_o herself_o and_o so_o be_v addict_v apply_v and_o natural_o necessitate_v to_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o her_o body_n and_o consequent_o of_o herself_o as_o be_v the_o form_n of_o that_o body_n and_o fit_v for_o it_o and_o by_o herself_o to_o know_v all_o the_o truth_n connect_v with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o herself_o that_o be_v as_o be_v show_v all_o nature_n and_o this_o not_o successive_o one_o truth_n after_o another_o as_o she_o do_v when_o she_o be_v in_o the_o body_n and_o need_v the_o fancy_n and_o so_o accommodate_v her_o manner_n of_o work_v to_o its_o slow_a pace_n but_z be_v now_o a_o pure_a spirit_n and_o indivisible_a and_o so_o not_o commensurable_a to_o time_n or_o to_o before_o and_o after_o which_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n she_o be_v to_o know_v all_o she_o can_v know_v in_o the_o first_o instant_n she_o be_v a_o pure_a spirit_n that_o be_v at_o the_o instant_a of_o her_o separation_n these_o thing_n be_v evident_o so_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o soul_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n that_o know_v any_o one_o natural_a truth_n know_v all_o nature_n and_o this_o all_o at_o once_o in_o the_o first_o instant_n of_o her_o separation_n but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o corol._n i._n hence_o we_o may_v frame_v some_o imperfect_a conception_n how_o our_o science_n differ_v from_o that_o of_o angel_n and_o how_o angel_n must_v know_v thing_n intuitive_o for_o since_o they_o have_v no_o sense_n they_o can_v have_v no_o abstract_a notion_n by_o different_a impression_n from_o the_o object_n on_o the_o sense_n nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o compound_v any_o two_o notion_n to_o frame_v a_o proposition_n much_o less_o can_v they_o discourse_v or_o compare_v two_o notion_n to_o a_o three_o and_o so_o deduce_v thence_o new_a knowledge_n call_v conclusion_n it_o be_v leave_v therefore_o that_o they_o must_v a_o tone_n view_v comprehend_v entire_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o whole_a thing_n and_o all_o that_o be_v in_o it_o which_o we_o express_v by_o a_o identical_a proposition_n whence_o this_o knowledge_n or_o intuition_n of_o they_o abate_v the_o composition_n find_v in_o a_o identical_a proposition_n which_o too_o be_v the_o least_o that_o be_v imaginable_a be_v the_o near_a akin_a to_o that_o which_o we_o have_v of_o these_o identical_o by_o which_o we_o see_v that_o the_o supremum_fw-la infimi_fw-la in_o respect_n of_o a_o angel_n and_o man_n manner_n of_o knowledge_n be_v as_o the_o order_n of_o entity_n require_v contiguous_a as_o it_o be_v to_o that_o which_o be_v superior_a to_o it_o corol._n ii_o hence_o also_o be_v see_v how_o a_o separate_a soul_n know_v all_o thing_n after_o a_o different_a manner_n than_o angel_n do_v for_o though_o the_o substance_n of_o a_o separate_a soul_n operation_n be_v intuitive_a as_o be_v the_o angel_n yet_o because_o her_o natural_a genius_n lead_v and_o force_v she_o here_o to_o discourse_n and_o gather_v one_o truth_n by_o another_o that_o be_v to_o see_v one_o truth_n in_o another_o hence_o she_o retain_v a_o modification_n or_o a_o kind_n of_o tang_n of_o the_o discoursiveness_n she_o have_v here_o though_o she_o can_v in_o that_o state_n exercise_v it_o and_o that_o though_o she_o can_v then_o actual_o deduce_v new_a truth_n yet_o she_o see_v all_o truth_n as_o deducible_a from_o one_o another_o or_o follow_v one_o another_o by_o consequence_n we_o may_v frame_v some_o imperfect_a conception_n how_o this_o pass_v by_o this_o course_n similitude_n when_o we_o look_v upon_o a_o picture_n call_v a_o prospective_n all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v equal_o near_o our_o eye_n in_o themselves_o and_o we_o see_v they_o too_o all_o at_o once_o yet_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o as_o if_o one_o of_o they_o be_v far_o of_o than_o another_o even_o to_o a_o vast_a distance_n observe_v still_o a_o perfect_a order_n and_o decorum_n in_o their_o great_a propinquity_n or_o remoteness_n according_a as_o those_o part_n be_v more_o or_o less_o shadow_a or_o luminous_a so_o the_o soul_n know_v all_o at_o once_o whatever_o be_v knowable_a by_o she_o and_o they_o be_v equal_o near_o the_o eye_n of_o her_o understanding_n yet_o because_o of_o she_o acquire_v they_o here_o by_o way_n of_o discourse_n that_o be_v by_o proceed_v from_o more-clear_a to_o less_o clear_a truth_n she_o see_v they_o as_o follow_v one_o another_o or_o as_o it_o be_v beyond_o one_o another_o because_o they_o be_v not_o to_o she_o in_o this_o state_n so_o clear_a as_o the_o other_o in_o themselves_o but_o depend_v on_o the_o other_o for_o their_o evidence_n lesson_n v._o of_o other_o medium_n for_o demonstration_n take_v from_o the_o four_o cause_n 1._o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v 8._o four_o cause_n concur_v to_o every_o effect_n in_o nature_n for_o since_o nothing_o can_v do_v nothing_o it_o follow_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v do_v unless_o there_o be_v something_o that_o do_v or_o act_n that_o be_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n which_o efficient_a must_v act_v upon_o something_o or_o some_o patient_n which_o be_v the_o matter_n on_o which_o it_o work_v or_o the_o material_a cause_n and_o it_o must_v work_v something_o in_o that_o matter_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o it_o must_v be_v some_o form_n either_o substantial_a or_o accidental_a which_o must_v consequent_o concur_v to_o that_o action_n formal_o or_o be_v the_o formal_a cause_n of_o it_o and_o since_o the_o orderer_n of_o all_o nature_n or_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v a_o intelligent_a be_v and_o not_o blind_a chance_n for_o whà t_n blind_a can_v order_n nothing_o and_o this_o first_o cause_n be_v the_o adequate_a governor_n of_o the_o world_n and_o be_v a_o intelligent_a be_v act_n see_o or_o with_o design_n that_o be_v with_o prospect_n of_o some_o end_n in_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v how_o great_a or_o minute_n soever_o and_o eâ—ery_o intelligent_a creature_n that_o administer_v the_o world_n in_o their_o several_a station_n under_o he_o whâ—â—her_v they_o be_v angel_n or_o man_n do_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n act_n designing_o too_o that_o be_v do_v propose_v to_o themselves_o some_o end_n good_a reason_n or_o motive_n for_o which_o they_o act_n and_o without_o â—hich_v it_o be_v against_o their_o nature_n to_o act_n and_o since_o metaphysic_n do_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o immediate_a action_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v only_o to_o give_v be_v and_o *_o the_n oeconomy_n of_o the_o world_n be_v administer_v immediate_o by_o other_o intelligent_a being_n under_o he_o hence_o there_o must_v be_v a_o final_a cause_n too_o for_o every_o effect_n that_o be_v do_v in_o the_o world_n how_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a soever_o it_o may_v seem_v wherefore_o there_o must_v necessary_o be_v four_o cause_n concur_v to_o euâ—ry_o effect_n in_o nature_n viz._n the_o efficient_a maâ—â—rial_a formal_a and_o final_a for_o example_n in_o my_o action_n of_o write_v a_o letter_n the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v myself_o the_o material_a cause_n be_v the_o paper_n the_o formal_a the_o character_n draw_v in_o the_o paper_n and_o the_o final_a to_o gratify_v my_o friend_n acquaint_v he_o with_o news_n etc._n etc._n 2._o hence_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o a_o est_fw-fr of_o those_o four_o cause_n in_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o corporeal_a nature_n how_o remote_a soever_o it_o be_v from_o we_o and_o that_o they_o must_v concur_v to_o every_o effect_n though_o we_o do_v not_o know_v the_o quid_fw-la est_fw-la of_o they_o the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o thesis_n be_v prove_v for_o since_o the_o a_o est_fw-fr of_o all_o those_o cause_n or_o that_o there_o must_v be_v such_o four_o cause_n necessary_o concur_v to_o every_o effect_n follow_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o action_n from_o the_o subject_n be_v quantitative_a and_o consequent_o variable_a substantial_o or_o accidental_o and_o from_o the_o supreme_a agent_n be_v be_v intelligent_a and_o these_o be_v equal_o find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n how_o remote_a soever_o they_o be_v or_o in_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o body_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o same_o cause_n do_v concur_v to_o every_o effect_n all_o over_o the_o world_n as_o they_o do_v in_o those_o body_n near_o we_o and_o with_o who_o operation_n we_o be_v acquaint_v the_o second_o part_n be_v evident_a since_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o a_o est_fw-fr or_o that_o there_o be_v something_o may_v it_o be_v know_v by_o experience_n though_o we_o know_v not_o what_o that_o thing_n be_v as_o we_o experience_v when_o we_o hit_v
indivisible_a add_v to_o another_o can_v make_v quantity_n but_o la_o 1._o alderman_n infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_fw-fr consist_v of_o or_o be_v one_o indivisible_a add_v to_o another_o therefore_o rent-no_a infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n can_v make_v quantity_n 10._o the_o minor_a be_v evident_a for_o all_o number_n though_o infinite_a consist_v of_o one_o that_o be_v of_o one_o add_v to_o another_o add_v that_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v above_o that_o all_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a proposition_n iii_o if_o any_o two_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a all_o the_o part_n must_v be_v actual_o distinct_a also_o bar-what_a ever_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o precise_a nature_n of_o quantity_n must_v be_v equal_o find_v where_o ever_o there_o be_v quantity_n or_o throughout_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n by_o axiom_n 3_o d._n but_o baal_a actual_a distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n if_o put_v in_o any_o two_o spring_v out_o of_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o quantity_n therefore_o ra-all_a actual_a distinction_n of_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n if_o put_v in_o any_o two_o must_v be_v equal_o find_v wherever_o there_o be_v quantity_n or_o throughout_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n 11._o the_o minor_a be_v prove_v for_o all_o unity_n and_o distinction_n in_o any_o line_n follow_v out_o of_o the_o entity_n to_o which_o it_o be_v peculiar_a that_o be_v in_o our_o case_n out_o of_o the_o entity_n or_o essence_n of_o quantity_n again_o this_o actual_a distinction_n of_o quantitative_a part_n can_v spring_v from_o substance_n for_o this_o have_v no_o distinction_n of_o part_n but_o that_o of_o matter_n and_o form_n nor_o out_o of_o any_o other_o line_n for_o all_o those_o do_v presuppose_v quantity_n and_o spring_n from_o it_o as_o the_o primary_n affection_n of_o body_n therefore_o if_o any_o two_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a that_o distinction_n must_v proceed_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n itself_o 12._o now_o that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n shall_v be_v actual_o distinct_a destroy_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n and_o be_v contradictory_n be_v thus_o prove_v 2_o da-whateve_a make_v quantity_n consist_v of_o infinite_a indivisibles_n contradict_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n but_o ri-that_a position_n which_o make_v all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n actual_o distinct_a make_v quantity_n consist_v of_o infinite_a indivisibles_fw-fr therefore_o i-that_a position_n which_o make_v all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n actual_o distinct_a contradict_v the_o nature_n of_o quantity_n 13._o the_o minor_a be_v evident_a for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v actual_o distinct_a quantitative_o may_v be_v divide_v quantitative_o or_o rather_o be_v already_o so_o as_o those_o which_o be_v actual_o distinct_a in_o the_o line_n of_o substance_n be_v distinct_a substance_n or_o distinct_a thing_n in_o that_o line_n wherefore_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o subject_a as_o they_o put_v quantity_n to_o be_v do_v bear_v it_o let_v we_o suppose_v quantity_n divide_v into_o all_o its_o actual_a part_n it_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o be_v into_o all_o they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o suppose_v actual_o distinct_a it_o be_v manifest_a there_o can_v remain_v only_o infinite_a indivisibles_n they_o must_v be_v indivisible_a because_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o all_o it_o can_v be_v divide_v into_o and_o they_o must_v be_v infinite_a for_o divisibility_n that_o be_v but_o finite_a will_v contradict_v euclid_n clear_a and_o most_o approve_a demonstration_n beside_o it_o will_v follow_v hence_o that_o if_o all_o the_o part_n of_o quantity_n be_v actual_o distinct_a each_o of_o they_o must_v be_v determinate_a in_o the_o line_n of_o quantity_n wherefore_o they_o be_v also_o infinite_a in_o number_n for_o a_o finite_a number_n of_o part_n make_v quantity_n not_o to_o be_v divisible_a infinite_o against_o euclid_n demonstration_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o each_o least_o quantity_n will_v be_v of_o infinite_a extension_n for_o the_o least_o determinate_a quantity_n infinite_a time_n repeat_v make_v a_o infinite_a extension_n 14._o hence_o be_v evince_v our_o main_a demonstration_n that_o since_o continue_v quantity_n be_v neither_o compound_v of_o a_o finit_fw-la nor_o of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o indivisibles_n nor_o of_o actual_a part_n it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o potential_a part_n that_o be_v there_o be_v but_o one_o actual_a whole_a in_o the_o line_n of_o quantity_n and_o this_o whole_a be_v divisible_a without_o end_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v far_o demonstrate_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n as_o to_o its_o quantity_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o continuity_n of_o the_o whole_a imaginable_a mass_n of_o body_n corol._n ii_o hence_o be_v demonstrate_v likewise_o that_o all_o vacuum_n and_o epicurus_n scheme_n of_o plenum_fw-la and_o vacuum_n be_v contradictory_n as_o likewise_o that_o there_o can_v possible_o be_v more_o world_n than_o one_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o quantity_n be_v but_o one_o whole_a divisible_a still_o into_o its_o potential_a part_n or_o part_n still_o far_o divisible_a thesis_n iii_o 15._o successive_a quantity_n or_o motion_n and_o consequent_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n can_v not_o have_v be_v ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la but_o must_v have_v have_v a_o beginning_n demonstration_n iu._n bar-all_a infinite_a motion_n or_o time_n be_v impossible_a but_o baal_a duration_n of_o motion_n ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la must_v have_v be_v for_o a_o infinite_a time_n therefore_o ra-all_a duration_n of_o motion_n ab_fw-la aeterno_fw-la be_v impossible_a the_o minor_a be_v self-evident_a the_o major_n be_v thus_o prove_v bar-all_a infinite_a time_n must_v be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n v_o g._n infinite_a hour_n but_o baal_a infinite_a number_n of_o the_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n be_v impossible_a therefore_o ra-all_a infinite_a time_n be_v impossible_a 16._o the_o major_n be_v clear_o evident_a for_o be_v the_o number_n of_o the_o determinate_a part_n of_o time_n finite_a than_o all_o the_o part_n which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o whole_a be_v finite_a the_o whole_a must_v likewise_o be_v finite_a the_o minor_a be_v prove_v above_o demonstration_n 1._o and_o 2._o where_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o all_o infinite_a number_n be_v impossible_a 17._o whence_o be_v demonstrate_v our_o main_a thesis_n that_o time_n motion_n or_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n have_v a_o beginning_n whence_o many_o useful_a conclusion_n may_v be_v draw_v against_o heathen_n and_o atheist_n note_v that_o it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o our_o argument_n whether_o there_o be_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o part_n of_o time_n which_o be_v actual_o determine_v and_o measure_v or_o no_o it_o be_v sufficient_a the_o subject_n infinite_a motion_n or_o infinite_a time_n bear_v the_o have_v such_o a_o determination_n make_v by_o have_v that_o in_o it_o which_o correspond_v to_o all_o those_o infinite_a determinate_a part_n for_o this_o necessary_o induce_v and_o enforce_v a_o contradiction_n thesis_n iv._o there_o be_v spiritual_a being_n which_o we_o call_v angel_n demonstration_n v._n axiom_n 1._o what_o act_n be_v 2._o every_o thing_n act_v as_o it_o be_v and_o à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la can_v act_v direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o it_o be_v especial_o as_o a_o immediate_a agent_n 3._o motion_n be_v change_v 4._o there_o be_v no_o create_a being_n but_o either_o divisible_a or_o indivisible_a one_o that_o be_v body_n or_o spirit_n 5._o the_o first_o be_v be_v essential_o unchangeable_a 1_o da-whateve_a must_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o some_o effect_v act_n and_o consequent_o be_v but_o ri-an_a angel_n must_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o some_o effect_n viz._n of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n therefore_o jan_a angel_n act_n and_o consequent_o be_v the_o minor_a be_v thus_o prove_v 4._o da-every_a effect_n that_o can_v neither_o be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n noâ—_n by_o a_o body_n must_v have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o a_o create_a spirit_n or_o a_o angel_n but_o ri-the_a first_o motion_n in_o nature_n be_v a_o effect_n which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n nor_o by_o a_o body_n therefore_o i'the_a first_o motion_n in_o nature_n must_v have_v be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o a_o angel_n and_o consequent_o a_o angel_n act_n &_o be_v the_o former_a part_n of_o thâ—_n minor_n viz._n that_o the_o first_o motion_n can_v not_o be_v cause_v immediate_o by_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v thus_o demonstrate_v 19_o fe-no_a 2._o be_v that_o be_v essential_o unchangeable_a and_o who_o nature_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o change_n can_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n o_o 3_o change_n or_o motion_n nor_o consequent_o of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n but_o ri-the_a first_o be_v be_v 5._o essential_o unchangeable_a and_o his_o nature_n be_v direct_o
contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o change_n or_o motion_n therefore_o i'the_a first_n be_v can_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o motion_n or_o change_n nor_o consequent_o of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n 20._o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o former_a minor_n viz._n that_o a_o body_n can_v not_o have_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n be_v thus_o prove_v ce-nothing_a that_o antecedent_o to_o the_o first_o motion_n be_v not-moving_a or_o in_o rest_n 2._o can_v have_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n but_o la-every_a body_n antecedent_o to_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n be_v not-moving_a or_o in_o rest_n therefore_o rent-no_a body_n can_v have_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n note_v that_o this_o demonstration_n suppose_v a_o first_o motion_n in_o nature_n which_o be_v prove_v demonstration_n 4._o lesson_n vii_o other_o instance_n of_o demonstration_n thesis_n v._o there_o be_v a_o first_o self-existent_a be_v or_o a_o deity_n demonstration_n vi._n proposition_n i._o the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o of_o existent_n in_o creature_n and_o consequent_o of_o essence_n and_o existence_n be_v distinct._n da-every_a notion_n of_o which_o existent_a and_o not-existent_a may_v be_v true_o predicate_v be_v different_a from_o the_o notion_n of_o existent_n but_o ri-the_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la in_o its_o first_o and_o proper_a signification_n take_v for_o a_o individual_a substance_n be_v a_o notion_n of_o which_o existent_n and_o not-existent_a may_v be_v predicate_v therefore_o i_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la thus_o understand_v be_v different_a from_o the_o notion_n of_o existent_n and_o consequent_o the_o notion_n of_o essence_n and_o existence_n be_v also_o distinct._n 2._o the_o minor_a be_v evident_a for_o we_o can_v true_o say_v that_o petrus_n est_fw-fr while_n he_o be_v live_v and_o as_o true_o say_v of_o the_o same_o peter_n that_o fuit_fw-la or_o non-_a when_o he_o be_v dead_a 3._o the_o major_n be_v no_o less_o evident_a for_o when_o we_o say_v petrus_n est_fw-fr or_o peter_n be_v existent_a be_v the_o notion_n of_o the_o predicate_v existent_a the_o same_o with_o peter_n the_o subject_a the_o proposition_n will_v be_v in_o sense_n formal_o identical_a and_o the_o same_o as_o it_o be_v to_o say_v what_o be_v existent_a be_v existent_a wherefore_o when_o we_o say_v petrus_n non_fw-la est_fw-la or_o peter_n be_v not-existent_a peter_n signify_v the_o same_o as_o existent_a it_o will_v be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o say_v what_o be_v existent_a be_v not_o existent_a which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n proposition_n ii_o 4._o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la abstract_n from_o existence_n or_o be_v indifferent_a to_o it_o and_o to_o nonexistence_n this_o need_v no_o far_a proof_n for_o in_o the_o two_o proposition_n late_o mention_v existent_a and_o not_o existent_a be_v true_o predicate_v of_o the_o same_o ens_fw-la viz._n peter_n which_o can_v not_o be_v unless_o the_o subject_n peter_n do_v abstract_n from_o both_o or_o be_v indifferent_a to_o both_o beside_o all_o the_o word_n which_o we_o use_v to_o express_v the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o any_o create_a ens_fw-la whatever_n do_v so_o perfect_o abstract_a from_o existence_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o express_v employ_v nor_o in_o the_o least_o hint_v in_o they_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o word_n lapis_fw-la quercus_fw-la bucephalus_n petrus_n raphael_n which_o give_v we_o not_o the_o least_o light_n or_o intimation_n that_o they_o be_v existent_a or_o not-existent_a proposition_n iii_o 5._o be_v there_o any_o inclination_n in_o create_a entity_n to_o one_o more_o than_o to_o the_o other_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v rather_o to_o not-being_a than_o to_o be_v for_o since_o peter_n even_o though_o possess_v of_o actual_a be_v be_v still_o no_o less_o capable_a of_o not-being_a it_o seem_v as_o if_o he_o have_v a_o particular_a natural_a tendency_n to_o not-being_a because_o though_o support_v formal_o as_o it_o be_v by_o its_o opposite_a actual_a existence_n he_o be_v notwithstanding_o no_o less_o a_o capacity_n of_o not-existing_a his_o original_a nothingness_n be_v so_o radicate_v in_o his_o nature_n as_o he_o be_v a_o creature_n that_o it_o stick_v to_o it_o and_o incline_v he_o to_o it_o even_o while_o he_o be_v proposition_n iu_o 6._o existence_n be_v no_o way_n intrinsical_a to_o any_o create_a ens_fw-la either_o essential_o or_o as_o a_o affection_n spring_v out_o of_o its_o essence_n this_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v prop._n 2_o d._n and_o 3_o d._n because_o every_o nature_n require_v all_o its_o intrinsicals_n and_o what_o follow_v out_o of_o they_o or_o be_v connect_v with_o they_o and_o be_v not_o indifferent_a to_o have_v they_o or_o not_o have_v they_o as_o ens_fw-la be_v to_o have_v or_o not_o have_v existence_n proposition_n v._n 7._o all_o create_v thing_n have_v their_o existence_n from_o something_o that_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o they_o for_o whatever_o have_v any_o thing_n and_o not_o from_o its_o self_n or_o from_o its_o own_o intrinsical_a nature_n must_v have_v it_o from_o another_o or_o from_o something_o that_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o it_o there_o be_v no_o three_o sort_n of_o cause_n imaginable_a which_o be_v neither_o intrinsical_a nor_o extrinsical_a that_o be_v which_o be_v neither_o its_o self_n nor_o another_o proposition_n vi._n 8._o no_o create_a ens_fw-la can_v give_v existence_n to_o another_o for_o though_o as_o be_v show_v former_o the_o virtue_n by_o which_o the_o ens_fw-la operate_v be_v the_o existence_n of_o that_o ens_fw-la yet_o it_o can_v work_v no_o otherwise_o than_o as_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v or_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o have_v that_o existence_n who_o nature_n it_o actual_o imprint_n as_o it_o be_v on_o the_o subject_a as_o we_o find_v in_o fire_n heat_n in_o water_n moisten_v and_o in_o the_o whole_a line_n of_o universal_a causality_n again_o since_o the_o whole_a line_n of_o causality_n also_o bear_v that_o no_o cause_n can_v act_v unless_o it_o be_v first_o determine_v and_o as_o it_o be_v appropriate_v to_o work_v such_o a_o effect_n whence_o come_v those_o establish_a maxim_n that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o proper_a cause_n to_o proper_a effect_n and_o exit_fw-la indifferente_a nihil_fw-la sequitur_fw-la therefore_o see_v prop._n 2._o the_o create_v ens_fw-la to_o which_o such_o a_o existence_n belong_v and_o consequent_o the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o that_o ens_fw-la abstract_n from_o all_o existence_n and_o be_v perfect_o indifferent_a even_o to_o it_o be_v own_o and_o much_o more_o to_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o other_o ens_fw-la it_o follow_v demonstrative_o that_o no_o create_a ens_fw-la can_v give_v existence_n to_o another_o or_o be_v the_o proper_a cause_n of_o it_o therefore_o proposition_n vii_o 9_o there_o must_v be_v some_o uncreated_a cause_n that_o give_v existence_n to_o all_o create_a entity_n this_o be_v already_o 5.6_o evident_a since_o no_o create_a entity_n can_v have_v its_o existence_n either_o from_o its_o own_o intrinsical_a nature_n or_o from_o any_o other_o creature_n proposition_n viii_o 10._o this_o uncreated_a cause_n of_o all_o existence_n must_v be_v self-existent_a that_o be_v his_o essence_n must_v be_v his_o existence_n for_o be_v his_o essence_n indifferent_a to_o existence_n or_o existence_n accidental_a to_o he_o and_o not_o essential_a he_o will_v need_v another_o cause_n to_o give_v he_o existence_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n creature_n do_v and_o so_o he_o will_v not_o be_v uncreated_a therefore_o there_o be_v a_o first_o self-existent_a be_v or_o a_o deity_n corol._n iii_o hence_o it_o be_v see_v that_o all_o that_o create_v cause_n operate_v upon_o entity_n grow_v to_o maturity_n be_v to_o dispose_v to_o the_o not_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n they_o work_v upon_o by_o alter_a the_o matter_n so_o that_o out_o of_o those_o alteration_n bring_v to_o such_o a_o point_n the_o body_n cease_v to_o be_v any_o long_o of_o such_o a_o nature_n or_o kind_a and_o consequent_o lose_v its_o existence_n at_o which_o instant_a the_o providence_n of_o the_o first_o be_v so_o order_n his_o world_n that_o those_o determination_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o former_a ens_fw-la shall_v be_v proper_a for_o the_o new_a ens_fw-la that_o be_v to_o succeed_v to_o which_o in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a the_o other_o cease_v to_o be_v and_o this_o new_a one_o be_v ultimate_o determine_v to_o be_v this_o he_o by_o his_o bountiful_a and_o steady_a emanation_n of_o be_v give_v it_o such_o a_o peculiar_a existence_n as_o be_v commensurate_v and_o proper_a to_o its_o essence_n thesis_n vi_o a_o angel_n can_v undergo_v any_o change_n after_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o its_o be_v demonstration_n vii_o axiom_n 1._o if_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v perfect_o fit_v
gramarical_a quibble_n and_o it_o will_v do_v too_o much_o honour_n to_o they_o to_o spend_v labour_n to_o name_v they_o be_v too_o open_a of_o themselves_o to_o need_v expose_v those_o which_o be_v less_o discernible_a and_o worth_a remark_n be_v such_o as_o this_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o animal_n say_v true_a but_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o ass_n say_v you_o be_v a_o animal_n therefore_o he_o that_o say_v you_o be_v a_o ass_n say_v true_a where_o â—5_n as_o have_v be_v particular_o show_v above_o the_o word_n animal_n be_v take_v in_o diverse_a sense_n for_o in_o this_o proposition_n peter_n be_v a_o animal_n it_o be_v restrain_v by_o the_o subject_a to_o signify_v one_o individual_a animal_n and_o of_o such_o a_o kind_n viz._n rational_a but_o in_o the_o proposition_n a_o ass_n be_v a_o animal_n it_o be_v restrain_v to_o signify_v a_o animal_n of_o another_o kind_n viz._n irrational_a whence_o it_o be_v no_o syllogism_n because_o it_o have_v four_o term_n 10._o of_o these_o fallacy_n which_o be_v not_o ground_v on_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o word_n but_o be_v build_v on_o the_o thing_n or_o the_o sense_n the_o first_o worth_n remark_v be_v that_o call_v the_o fallacy_n ex_fw-la accident_n which_o happen_v when_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v only_o accidental_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n and_o not_o per_fw-la se_fw-la or_o out_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n as_o bar-whateve_a breed_v stir_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v bad_a but_o baal_a religion_n breed_v stir_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n therefore_o ra-all_a religion_n be_v bad_a the_o common_a answer_n be_v to_o distinguish_v the_o major_a and_o minor_a both_o and_o to_o say_v that_o what_o breed_v stir_v out_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v bad_a but_o not_o that_o which_o breed_v they_o accidental_o for_o otherwise_o a_o sword_n and_o wine_n must_v be_v bad_a because_o the_o one_o sometime_o help_v to_o commit_v murder_n and_o the_o other_o cause_v drunkenness_n but_o the_o more_o solid_a way_n and_o which_o bear_v up_o best_o to_o logical_a ground_n be_v to_o deny_v it_o to_o be_v a_o syllogism_n because_o though_o the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v legitimate_a yet_o the_o matter_n or_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v not_o so_o for_o a_o syllogism_n be_v a_o speech_n contrive_v by_o true_a logician_n to_o conclude_v a_o three_o proposition_n out_o of_o the_o premise_n so_o as_o by_o connexion_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la with_o the_o extreme_n we_o may_v know_v it_o to_o be_v certain_o true_a for_o that_o which_o leave_v we_o uncertain_a leave_v we_o ignorant_a it_o follow_v that_o the_o middle_a term_n must_v be_v either_o a_o notion_n essential_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n or_o else_o as_o a_o proper_a cause_n or_o effect_v of_o it_o neither_o of_o which_o it_o can_v be_v if_o it_o be_v but_o accidental_o belong_v to_o they_o we_o may_v note_v here_o how_o accidental_a medium_n be_v common_a and_o remote_a one_o or_o such_o as_o beget_v opinion_n for_o between_o religion_n and_o commotion_n intervene_v perversity_n of_o will_n disregard_n of_o virtue_n irrational_a assent_n upon_o opinionative_n ground_n pride_n and_o faction_n against_o church_n governor_n who_o will_v bind_v they_o to_o good_a principle_n and_o religious_a duty_n interest_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o or_o some_o if_o not_o most_o of_o they_o be_v the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a cause_n of_o dissension_n at_o least_o near_o and_o more_o proper_a cause_n of_o it_o than_o religion_n itself_o the_o principle_n of_o which_o do_v oblige_v man_n to_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o unity_n 11._o the_o second_o be_v call_v ignoratio_fw-la elenchi_fw-la which_o in_o easy_a language_n be_v the_o attempt_v to_o prove_v what_o be_v not_o in_o question_n or_o put_v upon_o our_o adversary_n to_o hold_v a_o tenet_n he_o never_o own_a nor_o hold_v as_o it_o usual_o pass_v among_o passionate_a discourse_n and_o scold_n when_o they_o object_n to_o other_o what_o they_o neither_o hold_v nor_o think_v that_o they_o may_v the_o more_o easy_o confute_v they_o or_o render_v they_o odious_a this_o be_v avoid_v in_o dispute_n by_o state_v the_o question_n right_a and_o by_o agree_v beforehand_o in_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n in_o which_o the_o question_n be_v conceive_v as_o be_v recommend_v in_o the_o second_o and_o three_o rule_n or_o if_o this_o be_v not_o do_v before_o the_o dispute_n begin_v it_o be_v answer_v by_o say_v transeat_fw-la totum_fw-la and_o force_v the_o adversary_n weary_a with_o aim_v his_o blow_n amiss_o to_o recur_v to_o the_o true_a point_n and_o to_o conclude_v the_o contradictory_n to_o the_o defendant_n tenet_n which_o be_v his_o only_a duty_n and_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v do_v at_o first_o 12._o the_o three_o be_v beg_v the_o question_n or_o suppose_v that_o which_o shall_v have_v be_v prove_v which_o be_v manifest_o faulty_a for_o the_o premise_n must_v be_v clear_a than_o the_o conclusion_n which_o they_o can_v be_v if_o the_o proof_n in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v as_o unknown_a and_o obscure_a as_o be_v the_o conclusion_n itself_o as_o it_o must_v be_v if_o it_o be_v bare_o suppose_v and_o beg_v gratis_o of_o which_o fallacy_n therefore_o all_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o hypothetical_n philosophy_n be_v guilty_a as_o also_o that_o fallacy_n call_v a_o ill_a enumeration_n of_o the_o part_n as_o follow_v here_o 13._o the_o four_o be_v that_o of_o a_o imperfect_a or_o incomplete_a division_n which_o happen_v wâ—en_v it_o be_v false_o pretend_v that_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n must_v be_v one_o of_o those_o which_o be_v nominate_v or_o that_o it_o must_v be_v perform_v one_o of_o the_o way_n assign_v when_o perhaps_o there_o be_v another_o way_n how_o that_o thing_n may_v be_v do_v which_o be_v never_o assign_v but_o either_o unthink_a of_o or_o neglect_v as_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v assert_v that_o motion_n must_v either_o happen_v by_o atom_n descend_v in_o a_o immense_a vacuum_n or_o by_o the_o impression_n of_o so_o much_o motion_n in_o the_o mass_n of_o matter_n at_o first_o by_o god_n and_o his_o continue_v it_o ever_o since_o when_o as_o a_o three_o way_n may_v be_v assign_v viz._n that_o a_o create_v intelligent_a be_v cause_n and_o all_o along_o continue_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o first-moved_n body_n which_o move_v the_o rest_n this_o fallacy_n be_v defeat_v by_o deny_v the_o proposition_n which_o contain_v the_o enumeration_n of_o all_o those_o cause_n or_o manner_n of_o action_n and_o by_o oblige_v the_o disputant_n to_o show_v his_o division_n to_o be_v adequate_a 14._o the_o five_o be_v call_v non_fw-la causa_fw-la pro_fw-la causa_fw-la that_o be_v in_o plain_a term_n the_o bring_v a_o medium_fw-la that_o do_v not_o conclude_v or_o the_o pretend_v the_o conclusion_n follow_v from_o a_o medium_fw-la that_o can_v necessary_o infer_v it_o this_o fallacy_n if_o it_o must_v be_v call_v so_o happen_v chief_o to_o experimental_a philosopher_n who_o go_v by_o mere_a induction_n and_o lay_v no_o evident_a or_o certain_a principle_n of_o nature_n a_o priori_fw-la to_o guide_v their_o thought_n by_o but_o hypothetical_n one_o only_o do_v hence_o refund_v all_o the_o effect_n of_o nature_n into_o false-pretended_n cause_n whence_o every_o man_n who_o set_v up_o a_o new_a scheme_n do_v still_o assign_v new_a reason_n or_o cause_n according_a to_o which_o he_o strive_v to_o explicate_v nature_n and_o into_o which_o he_o endeavour_v to_o resolve_v all_o the_o several_a production_n and_o effect_n of_o it_o but_o why_o this_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o fallacy_n i_o can_v comprehend_v at_o this_o rate_n every_o argument_n that_o do_v not_o conclude_v may_v be_v call_v a_o fallacy_n for_o since_o the_o premise_n in_o a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n whoever_o argue_v ill_a argue_v fallacious_o and_o assign_v a_o wrong_a cause_n by_o produce_v a_o incompetent_a medium_fw-la but_o in_o case_n the_o disputant_n put_v it_o upon_o the_o defendant_n to_o have_v make_v use_n of_o such_o a_o ground_n as_o he_o never_o mean_v it_o be_v then_o enough_o to_o deny_v it_o and_o put_v he_o to_o prove_v that_o that_o be_v indeed_o his_o ground_n as_o be_v pretend_v 15._o the_o five_o be_v the_o argue_n from_o what_o be_v take_v in_o a_o divide_a sense_n as_o if_o it_o be_v take_v in_o a_o compound_v sense_n or_o conjoint_o or_o from_o what_o be_v take_v in_o a_o compound_n sense_n or_o conjoint_o to_o infer_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o a_o divide_a sense_n example_n of_o the_o former_a be_v this_o he_o that_o be_v actual_o sit_v may_v walk_v peter_n be_v actual_o sit_v therefore_o peter_n actual_o sit_v or_o while_o he_o sit_v may_v walk_v where_o the_o major_n be_v false_a unless_o sit_v and_o walk_v be_v take_v divisive_o and_o mean_v that_o he_o who_o sit_v
naturalia_fw-la that_o be_v some_o least_o size_n of_o body_n which_o be_v general_o no_o far_o divisible_a because_o there_o want_v natural_a cause_n little_a enough_o to_o pass_v between_o their_o part_n and_o divide_v they_o but_o they_o say_v moreover_o that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o local_a or_o situal_a which_o be_v extrinsical_a but_o also_o intrinsical_a or_o formal_a composition_n and_o division_n and_o consequent_o formal_a mutation_n in_o they_o either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n that_o be_v a_o change_n in_o they_o according_a to_o the_o form_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n and_o they_o deny_v that_o any_o solid_a discourse_n or_o explication_n either_o of_o nature_n or_o transnaturals_n which_o we_o call_v metaphysic_n can_v possible_o be_v make_v unless_o this_o be_v admit_v 2._o the_o part_n of_o which_o they_o affirm_v all_o the_o essence_n or_o nature_n form_n of_o all_o those_o entity_n we_o converse_v with_o be_v compound_v they_o call_v act_n and_o power_n or_o form_n and_o matter_n whether_o those_o be_v essential_a or_o accidental_a and_o they_o put_v the_o matter_n and_o essential_a form_n to_o be_v necessary_o find_v in_o every_o body_n and_o in_o each_o of_o the_o most_o minute_n and_o insensible_a atom_n and_o particle_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v the_o reason_n they_o give_v for_o this_o assertion_n be_v because_o each_o of_o they_o be_v a_o distinct_a ens_fw-la from_o the_o other_o in_o regard_n it_o can_v subsist_v alone_o and_o so_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o distinct_a be_v whence_o they_o conceive_v there_o must_v be_v somewhat_o in_o every_o body_n and_o every_o atom_n by_o which_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o all_o other_o and_o somewhat_o in_o which_o it_o agree_v with_o they_o that_o which_o distinguish_v they_o they_o call_v the_o form_n and_o that_o in_o which_o they_o agree_v the_o matter_n and_o they_o think_v that_o however_o their_o adversary_n may_v quarrel_v the_o word_n yet_o they_o must_v allow_v the_o sense_n nature_n and_o daily_a experience_n teach_v we_o that_o one_o thing_n be_v make_v of_o another_o which_o can_v be_v unless_o somewhat_o of_o it_o remain_v and_o somewhat_o be_v lose_v for_o otherwise_o one_o thing_n can_v not_o true_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v of_o another_o but_o the_o former_a ens_fw-la of_o which_o nothing_o remain_v will_v be_v annihilate_v and_o the_o ens_fw-la or_o body_n new_o produce_v will_v be_v make_v of_o nothing_o that_o be_v create_v form_n 3._o now_o when_o the_o peripatetic_n speak_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n and_o that_o each_o thing_n be_v compound_v of_o these_o and_o consequent_o that_o there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n or_o difference_n between_o they_o the_o corpuscularian_o who_o fancy_v nothing_o but_o particle_n commodious_o lay_v together_o be_v present_o apt_a to_o conceit_n that_o those_o part_n as_o it_o be_v that_o compound_v a_o body_n be_v mean_v to_o be_v two_o certain_a kind_n of_o thing_n join_v together_o into_o one_o and_o if_o this_o be_v deny_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v either_o two_o nothing_o or_o at_o least_o that_o they_o leave_v we_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o at_o a_o loss_n how_o to_o distinguish_v thing_n from_o nothing_o and_o thence_o object_n that_o this_o doctrine_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n can_v explicate_v any_o thing_n or_o make_v a_o man_n one_o jot_n the_o wise_a and_o indeed_o in_o case_n the_o asserter_n of_o they_o do_v stay_v in_o these_o common_a expression_n and_o not_o draw_v many_o clear_a consequence_n from_o they_o give_v a_o far_a account_n of_o they_o the_o bare_a say_v there_o be_v such_o partâ—_n so_o name_v will_v be_v as_o insignificant_a as_o to_o talk_v of_o occult_a quality_n 4._o to_o rectify_v this_o misconceit_n of_o they_o composition_n spring_v from_o a_o just_a prejudice_n against_o mere_a school-term_n the_o aristotelian_o defend_v themselves_o by_o declare_v their_o mean_v to_o be_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n do_v ground_n those_o diverse_a notionâ—_n of_o itself_o in_o we_o that_o the_o facundity_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o thing_n not_o be_v comprehensible_a at_o one_o view_n by_o our_o short_a sight_a understanding_n which_o know_v nothing_o here_o but_o by_o impression_n on_o our_o sense_n which_o be_v distinct_a and_o of_o many_o sort_n force_v we_o to_o frame_v inadequate_a or_o partial_a conception_n of_o it_o and_o because_o we_o can_v speak_v of_o a_o thing_n otherwise_o than_o as_o we_o conceive_v it_o hence_o we_o can_v true_o say_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n or_o conception_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o the_o other_o which_o yet_o mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o that_o thing_n as_o thus_o conceive_a be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o otherwise_o conceive_a or_o that_o the_o thing_n as_o work_v by_o my_o sense_n upon_o my_o understanding_n thus_o be_v not_o the_o thing_n as_o work_v by_o the_o same_o or_o another_o sense_n upon_o my_o understanding_n otherwise_o whence_o because_o what_o correspond_v to_o both_o these_o conception_n or_o notion_n be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o thing_n hence_o they_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o composition_n of_o they_o both_o in_o the_o thing_n itself_o which_o be_v no_o more_o in_o reality_n but_o that_o there_o be_v find_v in_o that_o thing_n what_o correspond_v to_o and_o ground_n both_o these_o conception_n essential_a 5._o far_o they_o declare_v that_o since_o nature_n show_v we_o that_o the_o thing_n may_v be_v change_v according_a to_o somewhat_o in_o it_o that_o answer_v to_o one_o of_o these_o conception_n notion_n or_o nature_n and_o not_o change_v according_a to_o what_o answer_v to_o the_o other_o hence_o we_o must_v be_v force_v to_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o divisibility_n between_o they_o in_o the_o thing_n answer_v to_o the_o foresay_a composition_n and_o consequent_o a_o capacity_n of_o formal_a mutation_n by_o which_o the_o thing_n may_v be_v change_v accord_v to_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n the_o form_n and_o not_o change_v according_a to_o the_o matter_n whether_o that_o form_n remain_v or_o no_o after_o such_o a_o change_n be_v another_o point_n and_o extrinsical_a to_o our_o present_a business_n 6._o for_o instance_n we_o experience_n that_o that_o thing_n we_o call_v wood_n be_v change_v into_o another_o thing_n call_v fire_n instance_n and_o therefore_o unless_o we_o will_v say_v that_o wood_n be_v annihilate_v and_o fire_v create_v in_o its_o room_n which_o we_o be_v forbid_v to_o do_v by_o the_o very_a notion_n of_o its_o be_v change_v into_o another_o there_o must_v have_v be_v somewhat_o in_o wood_n by_o which_o it_o be_v actual_o such_o a_o thing_n before_o the_o change_n be_v make_v and_o which_o be_v lose_v by_o its_o be_v change_v into_o fire_n and_o also_o somewhat_o in_o it_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o fire_n into_o which_o it_o be_v change_v the_o former_a they_o call_v the_o form_n the_o late_a the_o matter_n and_o thence_o conclude_v there_o must_v have_v be_v a_o composition_n of_o matter_n and_o form_n in_o the_o wood._n and_o since_o all_o mankind_n agree_v that_o wood_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o fire_n another_o thing_n hence_o essence_n be_v the_o form_n that_o constitute_v a_o ens_fw-la or_o make_v it_o formal_o a_o thing_n they_o do_v far_o affirm_v that_o that_o which_o be_v in_o fire_n and_o make_v we_o denominate_v it_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o essential_a form_n and_o because_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o wood_n have_v or_o rather_o be_v a_o power_n to_o have_v such_o a_o form_n as_o make_v it_o now_o to_o be_v wood_n and_o also_o a_o power_n to_o be_v afterward_o fire_n hence_o they_o say_v that_o that_o thing_n ens_fw-la or_o substance_n we_o call_v wood_n do_v consist_v of_o matter_n and_o form_n or_o be_v compound_v of_o they_o that_o be_v wood_n have_v true_o in_o it_o what_o correspond_v to_o both_o these_o nature_n or_o notion_n last_o because_o wood_n be_v change_v according_a to_o one_o of_o they_o only_o viz._n the_o form_n hence_o they_o conclude_v there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n make_v in_o the_o wood_n which_o therefore_o be_v a_o change_n according_a to_o somewhat_o that_o be_v most_o intrinsical_v to_o it_o because_o it_o change_v its_o essence_n by_o make_v it_o become_v another_o thing_n and_o consequent_o that_o change_n be_v a_o essential_a one_o thus_o much_o of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o peripatetic_n concern_v formal_a composition_n and_o mutation_n which_o be_v essential_a accidental_a 7._o but_o beside_o this_o formal_a composition_n and_o the_o divisibility_n of_o that_o essential_a part_n call_v the_o form_n from_o the_o matter_n which_o we_o have_v now_o speak_v of_o there_o be_v moreover_o say_v the_o peripatetic_n another_o sort_n of_o formal_a composition_n and_o mutation_n which_o be_v accidental_a for_o even_o
have_v necessary_o some_o mixture_n of_o the_o opposite_a quality_n anâ—_n be_v as_o it_o be_v allay_v by_o it_o so_o that_o it_o come_v to_o be_v finite_a under_o that_o notion_n whence_o the_o subject_a which_o have_v one_o of_o those_o extreme_a quality_n become_v a_o capacity_n of_o admit_v the_o other_o extreme_a and_o therefore_o epicurus_n seem_v to_o go_v to_o work_v more_o like_o a_o philosopher_n in_o this_o point_n than_o the_o cartesian_o by_o suppose_v his_o atom_n essential_o that_o be_v infinite_o dense_n or_o incapable_a to_o be_v break_v or_o divide_v though_o in_o most_o other_o thing_n he_o fall_v very_o much_o short_a of_o cartesius_n his_o clear_a wit_n by_o his_o build_n in_o a_o manner_n whole_o on_o supposition_n 〈◊〉_d and_o those_o too_o the_o most_o extravagant_a one_o a_o ill-grounded_a judgement_n can_v stumble_v into_o 25._o they_o will_v ask_v how_o or_o by_o what_o mean_n can_v a_o dense_n body_n be_v change_v into_o a_o rare_a one_o or_o a_o rare_a into_o a_o dense_n or_o what_o cause_n do_v we_o find_v in_o nature_n proper_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n and_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v the_o question_n be_v very_o pertinent_a for_o to_o put_v the_o operation_n of_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n without_o any_o proper_a agent_n to_o cause_v those_o operation_n be_v a_o thing_n unbecoming_a a_o philosopher_n we_o answer_v then_o that_o all_o compressive_a and_o divulsive_a agent_n which_o we_o experience_n be_v frequent_a and_o almost_o continual_o work_v in_o nature_n be_v as_o proper_a to_o work_v upon_o quantity_n as_o such_o and_o to_o make_v the_o subject_a of_o it_o rare_a or_o denser_n as_o dealbation_n be_v to_o work_v upon_o a_o subject_a as_o it_o be_v colourable_a or_o combustion_n upon_o a_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v combustible_a or_o any_o other_o action_n to_o produce_v or_o infer_v its_o proper_a effect_n or_o to_o cause_v the_o passion_n that_o correspond_v to_o it_o nor_o can_v there_o be_v any_o notion_n or_o consideration_n find_v in_o a_o body_n on_o which_o those_o two_o action_n of_o compression_n and_o divulsion_n can_v be_v conceive_v to_o work_v proper_o and_o precise_o but_o on_o its_o quantity_n or_o divisibility_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o same_o matter_n have_v more_o or_o less_o quantity_n in_o it_o or_o to_o make_v a_o body_n that_o be_v compress_v or_o draw_v several_a way_n to_o be_v formal_o change_v in_o those_o respect_n so_o that_o we_o must_v either_o say_v that_o those_o two_o common_a word_n import_v natural_a action_n and_o use_v by_o all_o mankind_n to_o have_v no_o sense_n in_o they_o or_o they_o must_v allow_v they_o their_o proper_a effect_n which_o be_v to_o shrink_v or_o dilate_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o make_v it_o rare_a or_o denser_n grant_v they_o that_o sometime_o and_o even_o very_a often_o those_o effect_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o intromission_n and_o extrusion_n of_o subtle_a particle_n of_o other_o body_n which_o as_o the_o very_a term_n show_v be_v improper_o call_v rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n whenever_o any_o natural_a body_n be_v press_v or_o stretch_v on_o all_o side_n by_o other_o body_n close_o besiege_v it_o if_o quantity_n be_v capable_a of_o those_o effect_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v above_o §_o 15._o it_o be_v the_o proper_a effect_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o operation_n must_v ensue_v and_o the_o body_n enclose_v will_v be_v to_o some_o degree_n condense_v or_o rarefy_v 26._o now_o have_v cartesius_n put_v these_o two_o first_o quality_n in_o the_o matter_n create_v by_o god_n in_o the_o beginning_n preternatural_a so_o that_o some_o part_n of_o it_o have_v be_v create_v dense_n some_o rare_a nature_n have_v be_v furnish_v with_o immediate_a cause_n to_o make_v division_n or_o motion_n connatural_o suppose_v they_o set_v on_o work_n or_o move_v first_o by_o some_o superior_a agent_n in_o regard_n dense_n body_n be_v natural_o apt_a to_o divide_v rare_a one_o and_o rare_a one_o natural_o apt_a to_o be_v divide_v by_o those_o which_o be_v dense_n nor_o have_v he_o then_o need_v to_o assign_v to_o essential_a be_v who_o nature_n be_v unchangeable_a and_o in_o which_o there_o be_v no_o transmutatio_fw-la aut_fw-la vicissitudinis_fw-la obumbratio_fw-la 17._o that_o be_v neither_o change_n nor_o shadow_n of_o change_n a_o drudgery_n so_o mis-becoming_a his_o essence_n as_o to_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o motion_n or_o change_n hence_o i_o argue_v since_o neither_o to_o be_v easy_o nor_o hardly_o divisible_a be_v the_o essence_n of_o that_o first_o matter_n in_o regard_n it_o be_v complete_a in_o the_o line_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o terminate_v the_o action_n of_o creation_n and_o so_o can_v have_v subsist_v whether_o it_o have_v be_v rare_a or_o dense_n or_o though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v divide_v at_o all_o there_o be_v manifest_o a_o divisibility_n between_o the_o essence_n of_o that_o matter_n and_o its_o rarity_n or_o density_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n we_o bring_v former_o against_o epicurus_n that_o matter_n may_v have_v be_v change_v according_a to_o either_o of_o those_o quality_n and_o not_o according_a to_o its_o essence_n and_o yet_o no_o contradiction_n ensue_v which_o demonstrate_v it_o to_o be_v possible_a again_o that_o matter_n be_v indifferent_a to_o either_o rarity_n or_o density_n have_v god_n create_v some_o part_n of_o it_o rare_a some_o dense_n the_o course_n of_o nature_n as_o be_v late_o show_v have_v go_v on_o more_o connatural_o wherefore_o since_o god_n as_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n and_o abstract_v from_o miracle_n do_v always_o act_v most_o connatural_o or_o agreeable_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n it_o follow_v that_o he_o do_v actual_o order_v that_o some_o part_n of_o the_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o the_o world_n be_v to_o be_v form_v shall_v be_v rare_a and_o some_o denser_n than_o other_o and_o not_o of_o a_o uniform_a or_o homogeneous_a nature_n and_o according_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o holy_a writ_n that_o in_o the_o beginning_n there_o be_v earth_n water_n and_o air._n and_o if_o the_o cartesian_o will_v needs_o make_v their_o first_o matter_n uniform_a and_o that_o god_n must_v move_v it_o immediate_o it_o be_v just_o require_v of_o they_o to_o show_v this_o tenet_n of_o they_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n i_o mean_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n who_o they_o put_v to_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o first_o motition_n and_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o matter_n the_o patient_n and_o not_o overleap_v and_o slide_v over_o the_o proof_n of_o both_o these_o main_a point_n and_o suppose_v they_o and_o this_o not_o because_o they_o can_v even_o pretend_v that_o those_o supposition_n do_v suit_n best_o with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o mere_o because_o it_o best_o serve_v to_o introduce_v and_o carry_v on_o the_o scheme_n of_o doctrine_n they_o have_v resolve_v on_o 27._o from_o essential_a mutation_n of_o thing_n in_o nature_n or_o their_o lose_v their_o substantial_a form_n we_o come_v now_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o be_v moreover_o mutation_n in_o they_o according_a to_o those_o form_n which_o be_v accidental_a 〈…〉_z in_o order_n to_o which_o we_o will_v premise_v this_o consideration_n teach_v we_o by_o daily_a experience_n that_o no_o body_n become_v another_o thing_n in_o a_o instant_a but_o be_v alter_v or_o dispose_a before_o hand_n ere_o it_o come_v to_o suffer_v a_o essential_a change_n for_o example_n a_o piece_n of_o wood_n ere_o it_o come_v by_o perfect_a division_n to_o be_v make_v two_o thing_n of_o one_o be_v first_o alter_v according_a to_o its_o figure_n that_o be_v cleave_v or_o nick_v before_o the_o same_o wood_n be_v turn_v into_o fire_n it_o be_v first_o heat_v that_o be_v it_o have_v that_o accidental_a form_n call_v the_o quality_n of_o heat_n first_o introduce_v into_o it_o and_o so_o in_o all_o the_o rest_n respective_o which_o change_v not_o be_v essential_a one_o in_o regard_n they_o antecede_v the_o change_n of_o the_o entity_n as_o disposition_n to_o it_o they_o must_v be_v accidental_a one_o and_o this_o according_a to_o quantity_n quality_n or_o relation_n which_o be_v all_o the_o accidental_a notion_n we_o have_v of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v intrinsical_v to_o it_o now_o if_o we_o admit_v those_o previous_a alteration_n and_o disposition_n we_o can_v avoid_v the_o admit_v mutation_n of_o the_o subject_a according_a to_o those_o form_n wax_v by_o melt_a be_v rarify_v that_o be_v change_v as_o to_o its_o former_a density_n a_o man_n or_o horse_n lose_v a_o limb_n and_o consequent_o their_o former_a quantity_n and_o figure_n too_o and_o yet_o they_o be_v the_o same_o individual_a man_n and_o horse_n a_o husband_n lose_v that_o relation_n when_o his_o wife_n die_v and_o yet_o be_v the_o same_o man_n he_o be_v so_o
the_o method_n to_o science_n by_o i._n s._n london_n print_v by_o w._n redmayne_n for_o the_o author_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o thomas_n metcalf_n bookseller_n over_o against_o earl's-court_n in_o drury-lane_n 1696._o book_n i._o of_o the_o first_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n lesle_n 1._o of_o notion_n or_o the_o very_a first_o ground_n on_o which_o all_o science_n be_v build_v lesle_n 2._o of_o the_o distinction_n of_o natural_a notion_n and_o of_o the_o reduce_v they_o under_o ten_o common_a head_n p._n 10_o less_o 3._o how_o these_o common_a head_n of_o notion_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o substance_n p._n 25_o â—ess_n 4._o some_o consideration_n belong_v to_o those_o head_n of_o notion_n or_o to_o the_o ten_o predicament_n in_o common_a p._n 36_o â—ess_n 5._o of_o the_o common_a head_n call_v quantity_n p._n 50_o â—ess_n 6._o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o quality_n p._n 60_o â—ess_n 7._o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o relation_n p._n 71_o less_o 8._o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o action_n and_o passion_n p._n 81_o less_o 9_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o ubi_fw-la or_o where_o p._n 89_o less_o 10._o of_o the_o common_a head_n oâ—_n quando_fw-la or_o when_o p._n 9â—_n less_o 11._o of_o the_o expression_n of_o ouâ—_n notion_n by_o word_n p._n 100_o book_n ii_o of_o the_o second_o operation_n oâ—_n our_o understanding_n or_o judgement_n lesle_n 1._o of_o the_o nature_n of_o judgement_n or_o proposition_n common_a of_o their_o part_n of_o 〈◊〉_d ground_n of_o their_o verification_n 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o several_a manner_n of_o predicate_v p._n 11â—_n less_o 2._o of_o self-evident_a proposition_n first_o principle_n p._n 1st_a lesle_n 3._o that_o first_o principle_n be_v ideâ—â—tical_a proposition_n prove_v by_o instaâ—â—ces_n the_o use_n that_o be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o they_o also_o of_o some_o other_o proposition_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n formal_o identical_a and_o of_o the_o reduce_v of_o inferior_a truth_n to_o self-evident_a proposition_n p._n 15â—_n less_o 4._o of_o the_o generate_a of_o knowledge_n in_o we_o and_o of_o the_o method_n how_o this_o be_v perform_v p._n 163_o book_n iii_o of_o the_o three_o operation_n of_o our_o understanding_n discourse_n and_o of_o the_o effect_n and_o defect_n of_o it_o lesle_n 1._o of_o artificial_a discourse_n the_o force_n of_o consequence_n and_o of_o the_o only_a right_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n p._n 225_o less_o 2._o of_o the_o several_a manner_n or_o mood_n of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o of_o the_o law_n of_o conclude_v p._n 235_o less_o 3._o of_o the_o matter_n of_o a_o conclusive_a syllogism_n or_o what_o middle_a term_n be_v proper_a for_o demonstration_n p._n 248_o less_o 4._o how_o every_o truth_n be_v to_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o consequent_o every_o error_n to_o a_o contradiction_n what_o consequence_n follow_v thence_o of_o one_o truth_n be_v in_o another_o and_o of_o the_o science_n of_o pure_a spirit_n p._n 261_o less_o 5._o of_o other_o medium_n for_o demonstration_n from_o the_o four_o cause_n p._n 272_o less_o 6._o several_a instance_n of_o demonstration_n p._n 288_o less_o 7._o other_o instance_n of_o demonstration_n p._n 302_o advertisement_n p._n 316_o less_o 8._o of_o opinion_n and_o faith_n p._n 322_o less_o 9_o of_o assent_n suspense_n certainty_n and_o uncertainty_n p._n 344_o less_o 10._o of_o disputation_n and_o paralogism_n p._n 356_o appendix_n p._n 374_o the_o errata_n in_o the_o preface_n pref_n p._n 26._o l._n 15._o out_o of_o p._n 28._o l._n 19_o cast_v about_o p._n 46._o l._n 19_o the_o cartesian_a correction_n of_o the_o errata_fw-la page_n 5._o line_n 8._o only_o which_o p._n 18._o l._n 10._o as_o be_v p._n 21._o l._n 18._o that_o motion_n p._n 62._o l._n 6._o most_o near_o p._n 69._o l._n 23._o but_o their_o p._n 75._o l._n 1._o become_v p._n 77._o l._n 6._o have_v beside_o p._n 106._o l._n 2._o false_a p._n 107._o l._n 17._o proposition_n p._n 122._o l._n 31._o a_o whole_a p._n 128._o l._n 12._o sophroniscus_n p._n 147._o l._n 18._o make_v p._n 236._o l._n 16._o proposition_n be_v identical_a p._n 245._o l._n 27._o &_o nunc_fw-la p._n 250._o l._n 5._o that_o can_v p._n 255._o l._n 7._o sensitivum_fw-la p._n 257._o l._n 30._o it_o be_v evident_o p._n 258._o l._n ult_n basis._n p._n 270._o l._n 31._o at_o one_o p._n 273._o l._n 33._o est_fw-la of_o p._n 281._o l._n 27._o be_v a_o kind_n p._n 301._o l._n 1._o cause_o of_o p._n 308._o l._n 20._o exercise_n it_o be_v p._n 311._o l._n 25._o there_o p._n 318._o l._n 18._o frailty_n which_o p._n 321._o l._n 23._o all_o own_o p._n 322._o l._n 3._o main_a p._n 326._o l._n 1._o what_o be_v be_v p._n 354._o l._n 20._o erroneous_a p._n 362._o l._n 13._o he_o be_v not_o p._n 364._o l._n 30._o grammatical_a p._n 369._o l._n 13._o the_o six_o p._n 370._o l._n 34._o a_o proud_a p._n 381._o l._n 17._o with_o no._n p._n 388._o l._n 3._o to_o be_v p._n 393._o l._n 19_o give_v p._n 414._o l._n 26._o very_o small_a p._n 417._o l._n 22._o slender_z flexible_a and._n l._n 24._o contiguous_a p._n 419._o l._n 25._o art_n p._n 424._o l._n 18._o be_v it_o p._n 425._o l._n 13._o so_o they_o l._n 16._o do_v p._n 427._o l._n 7._o lock_n p._n 273._o l._n 17._o and_o see_v p._n 396._o l._n 21._o that_o be_v '_o it_o be_v preface_n dedicatory_a to_o the_o learned_a student_n of_o both_o our_o university_n reason_n be_v man_n nature_n and_o the_o proper_a act_n of_o reason_n the_o deduce_v evident_o new_a knowledge_n out_o of_o antecedent_n one_o it_o may_v seem_v wonderful_a that_o mankind_n after_o the_o use_v their_o reason_n and_o dispute_v so_o long_a time_n shall_v still_o disagree_v in_o their_o sentiment_n and_o contradict_v one_o another_o in_o infer_v their_o conclusion_n so_o that_o those_o who_o be_v fame_v for_o the_o great_a philosopher_n do_v still_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a and_o as_o far_o as_o it_o can_v be_v discern_v endless_a and_o irreconcilable_a variance_n and_o dissension_n about_o their_o tenet_n it_o seem_v to_o shock_v the_o very_a definition_n of_o man_n and_o to_o lay_v in_o some_o sort_n a_o scandal_n upon_o creative_a wisdom_n itself_o that_o whereas_o all_o other_o creature_n do_v arrive_v at_o the_o natural_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v make_v mankind_n alone_o nay_o the_o noble_a portion_n of_o that_o kind_a who_o cultivate_v their_o thought_n with_o the_o most_o exact_a care_n that_o may_v be_v shall_v still_o miss_v of_o reason_v right_o and_o so_o fall_v short_a of_o true_a knowledge_n which_o be_v their_o natural_a perfection_n what_o tree_n but_o bear_v the_o fruit_n proper_a to_o its_o kind_a or_o what_o cause_n in_o the_o world_n but_o produce_v such_o effect_n as_o be_v suitable_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o though_o by_o the_o interfering_n of_o cross-agent_n there_o happen_v now_o and_o then_o a_o deficiency_n in_o some_o very_o few_o particular_n yet_o that_o defect_n be_v never_o find_v in_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o species_n for_o chance_n will_v not_o be_v chance_n if_o it_o do_v come_v near_o the_o reach_a a_o universality_n whereas_o mankind_n in_o its_o whole_a latitude_n seem_v to_o fall_v short_a of_o improve_n itself_o in_o truth_n at_o least_o in_o gain_v certainty_n of_o it_o or_o if_o some_o have_v attain_v it_o yet_o the_o number_n of_o those_o right_a reasoner_n be_v so_o very_o inconsiderable_a that_o they_o be_v lose_v among_o the_o crowd_n of_o those_o who_o stray_v into_o error_n nor_o can_v those_o happy_a few_o who_o have_v light_a on_o it_o obtain_v quiet_a possession_n of_o what_o they_o have_v acquire_v but_o their_o title_n to_o it_o be_v perpetual_o dispute_v by_o great_a multitude_n of_o pretender_n who_o put_v in_o their_o claim_n and_o set_v up_o their_o plea_n for_o their_o opposite_a tenet_n whence_o our_o first_o enquiry_n ought_v to_o be_v how_o man_n nature_n come_v to_o be_v so_o disable_v from_o perform_v its_o primary_n operation_n or_o from_o reason_v right_o that_o so_o we_o may_v bethink_v ourselves_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o may_v if_o possible_a recover_v the_o true_a use_n of_o its_o natural_a faculty_n how_o it_o may_v be_v cure_v of_o the_o impotency_n it_o labour_v under_o and_o be_v free_v from_o those_o impediment_n which_o hinder_v it_o from_o act_v as_o it_o ought_v 2._o divine_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o this_o mischief_n happen_v through_o original_a sin_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v doubt_v but_o there_o be_v some_o truth_n in_o what_o they_o allege_v for_o questionless_a passion_n distort_v the_o understanding_n by_o the_o ascendent_n which_o the_o deprave_a will_n have_v over_o it_o in_o such_o concern_v as_o the_o will_n be_v addict_v to_o and_o have_v espouse_v a_o interest_n in_o but_o this_o
purpose_n be_v his_o many_o distinction_n of_o his_o proposition_n especial_o those_o he_o call_v exponibiles_fw-la let_v but_o the_o learner_n know_v certain_o and_o liquid_o what_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o predicate_v in_o any_o proposition_n which_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o copula_fw-la that_o be_v to_o come_v between_o they_o and_o unite_v they_o and_o have_v a_o care_n that_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o be_v univocal_a he_o will_v be_v furnish_v with_o mean_n to_o see_v the_o form_n of_o connexion_n which_o be_v essential_a to_o a_o proposition_n and_o be_v only_o conducive_a to_o science_n which_o whole_o consist_v in_o the_o connexion_n of_o term_n his_o chief_a misfortune_n be_v that_o he_o do_v not_o seem_v either_o at_o the_o beginning_n or_o in_o the_o process_n of_o his_o book_n to_o know_v at_o least_o to_o build_v upon_o this_o truth_n and_o stand_v to_o it_o that_o our_o notion_n or_o as_o the_o modern_n have_v take_v a_o toy_n to_o call_v they_o idea_n be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o our_o understanding_n imprint_v by_o outward_a object_n without_o which_o no_o stability_n of_o those_o notion_n or_o idea_n can_v be_v with_o evidence_n assert_v nor_o any_o solid_a knowledge_n possible_o be_v have_v of_o our_o predication_n nor_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o truth_n or_o falsehood_n be_v understand_v nor_o consequent_o ean_v there_o be_v any_o firmness_n in_o our_o judgement_n or_o discourse_n whence_o i_o can_v wish_v that_o every_o beginner_n be_v at_o first_o well_o instruct_v and_o settle_v in_o this_o point_n for_o without_o this_o all_o will_v be_v but_o loose_a and_o ungrounded_a talk_n in_o the_o air._n and_o though_o i_o lose_v credit_n with_o our_o late_a wit_n i_o must_v avow_v that_o aristotle_n dry_a assertion_n that_o anima_fw-la intelligendo_fw-la fit_a omne_fw-la though_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o some_o a_o wild_a paradox_n have_v more_o solid_a sense_n in_o it_o be_v it_o right_o understand_v and_o be_v more_o useful_a to_o true_a philosophy_n than_o all_o the_o other_o maxim_n that_o do_v not_o proceed_v upon_o it_o and_o suppose_v it_o which_o yet_o i_o see_v the_o goodness_n of_o nature_n intimate_v to_o many_o and_o force_v they_o to_o ground_v their_o discourse_n on_o it_o practical_o even_o though_o while_o they_o speculate_v they_o deny_v it_o or_o at_o least_o seem_v to_o doubt_v of_o it_o or_o disregard_n it_o observe_v therefore_o this_o great_a want_n under_o which_o philosophy_n which_o be_v the_o study_n of_o truth_n labour_v i_o have_v out_o of_o my_o true_a zeal_n of_o improve_n science_n and_o beat_v down_o scepticism_n the_o profess_a patron_n of_o ignorance_n and_o covert_a parent_n of_o all_o irreligion_n hazard_v the_o opinion_n of_o singularity_n in_o endeavour_v to_o write_v and_o publish_v a_o demonstrative_a logic_n at_o least_o i_o have_v give_v such_o reason_n quite_o through_o it_o as_o i_o judge_v to_o be_v clear_a and_o conclusive_a in_o every_o piece_n of_o it_o that_o have_v any_o influence_n upon_o scientifical_a knowledge_n what_o my_o reader_n may_v expect_v from_o i_o be_v this_o i_o begin_v with_o our_o natural_a notion_n the_o bottom-ground_n of_o all_o our_o knowledge_n i_o show_v they_o to_o be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n who_o metaphysical_a verity_n be_v establish_v by_o creative_a wisdom_n do_v consequent_o give_v stability_n and_o solidity_n to_o all_o our_o discourse_n that_o be_v build_v on_o they_o i_o distribute_v those_o natural_a notion_n under_o those_o several_a common_a head_n and_o manifest_v why_o there_o must_v be_v so_o many_o and_o no_o 〈◊〉_d show_v how_o their_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v frame_v which_o make_v our_o conception_n of_o theâ—_n 〈◊〉_d and_o distinct._n i_o lie_v rule_n to_o escape_v 〈◊〉_d snare_n which_o equivocal_a word_n lie_v 〈…〉_z way_n while_o we_o be_v discourse_v i_o show_v â—he_n reason_n of_o all_o truth_n and_o falsehood_n in_o connected_a notion_n or_o proposition_n which_o if_o self-evident_a and_o identical_a have_v title_n to_o be_v first_o principle_n as_o from_o many_o head_n i_o demonstrate_v i_o trace_v nature_n in_o all_o those_o nice_a and_o immediate_a step_n she_o take_v to_o generate_v knowledge_n in_o we_o at_o first_o come_v to_o those_o proposition_n that_o need_v proof_n and_o the_o way_n of_o prove_v they_o i_o lay_v open_a the_o fundamental_a ground_n of_o the_o force_n of_o consequence_n which_o give_v the_o nerve_n to_o every_o act_n of_o true_a reason_v and_o of_o the_o certainty_n and_o evidence_n of_o every_o conclusion_n which_o we_o right_o infer_v to_o perform_v which_o i_o manifest_a that_o there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o necessary_a or_o natural_a figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n and_o but_o four_o mood_n of_o that_o figure_n i_o lay_v down_o and_o fix_v the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o conclude_v i_o evidence_n the_o nature_n of_o that_o three_o notion_n or_o middle_a term_n by_o the_o connexion_n of_o which_o with_o the_o two_o term_n of_o the_o thesis_n to_o be_v prove_v they_o must_v inevitable_o be_v join_v with_o one_o another_o and_o so_o the_o thesis_n itself_o must_v be_v right_o conclude_v and_o therefore_o infallible_o true_a i_o show_v how_o to_o find_v out_o a_o middle_a term_n fit_a for_o our_o purpose_n and_o thence_o prepare_v the_o way_n for_o demonstration_n i_o lay_v open_a how_o every_o truth_n must_v have_v at_o the_o bottom_n a_o identical_a proposition_n and_o every_o error_n a_o contradiction_n as_o their_o first_o principle_n and_o how_o they_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o those_o principle_n of_o they_o to_o do_v which_o though_o more_o laborious_a be_v the_o best_a way_n of_o demonstrate_v i_o manifest_a thence_o how_o one_o truth_n be_v in_o another_o and_o what_o strange_a consequence_n follow_v thence_o also_o how_o middle_a term_n proper_a for_o demonstration_n may_v be_v take_v from_o all_o the_o four_o cause_n to_o clear_v better_o the_o notion_n of_o science_n i_o treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o opinion_n and_o human_n faith_n their_o ground_n and_o how_o the_o former_a of_o these_o two_o last_o deviate_n from_o right_a reason_n and_o when_o the_o late_a do_v or_o do_v not_o then_o i_o consider_v the_o effect_n issue_v from_o all_o sort_n of_o proof_n viz._n assent_n suspense_n certainty_n and_o uncertainty_n and_o to_o put_v in_o practice_n myself_o what_o i_o do_v persuade_v and_o recommend_v to_o other_o i_o add_v seven_o demonstration_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a thesis_n in_o divers_a science_n and_o last_o i_o lay_v open_a the_o way_n and_o method_n of_o disputation_n and_o detect_v the_o weak_a stratagem_n and_o inefficacious_a attacques_n of_o fallacy_n or_o paralogism_n this_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o my_o endeavour_n in_o common_a but_o beside_o these_o many_o particular_a knowledge_n light_a in_o on_o the_o by_o and_o as_o i_o hope_v very_o useful_a one_o which_o it_o will_v be_v tedious_a to_o enumerate_v the_o manner_n i_o use_v to_o carry_v on_o the_o scheme_n of_o my_o doctrine_n be_v not_o to_o propose_v my_o conception_n magisterial_o or_o to_o expect_v any_o one_o shall_v assent_v to_o the_o least_o tittle_n of_o what_o i_o say_v upon_o my_o word_n but_o i_o offer_v my_o reason_n for_o every_o paragraph_n i_o advance_v if_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o need_v any_o by_o do_v which_o i_o speak_v to_o the_o reason_n of_o my_o reader_n and_o withal_o i_o expose_v myself_o to_o the_o severe_a examination_n of_o the_o most_o acute_a and_o judicious_a wit_n of_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o there_o be_v multitude_n in_o those_o seminary_n of_o learning_n our_o two_o famous_a university_n to_o who_o i_o humble_o dedicate_v this_o small_a present_n i_o neither_o strive_v to_o ingratiate_v myself_o by_o my_o style_n nor_o to_o surprise_v any_o by_o plausible_a discourse_n much_o less_o to_o impose_v upon_o their_o understanding_n by_o voluntary_a supposition_n i_o draw_v now_o and_o then_o divers_a useful_a corollary_n and_o some_o that_o will_v seem_v i_o doubt_v not_o paradoxical_a that_o so_o i_o may_v carry_v on_o my_o doctrine_n to_o far_a consequence_n and_o show_v withal_o to_o what_o unthought-of_a conclusion_n reason_n will_v lead_v we_o if_o we_o follow_v she_o close_o and_o home_o nor_o be_o i_o ashamed_a to_o declare_v open_o that_o i_o hold_v that_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o science_n be_v to_o beget_v virtue_n and_o not_o only_o to_o raise_v we_o to_o high_a contemplation_n but_o also_o to_o comfort_v and_o strengthen_v divine_a faith_n in_o we_o and_o to_o make_v it_o more_o lively_a and_o operative_a whence_o i_o have_v take_v occasion_n to_o excite_v my_o reader_n be_v devotion_n out_o of_o the_o reflection_n on_o divers_a point_n that_o seem_v of_o themselves_o to_o be_v but_o dry_a speculation_n make_v account_n that_o good_a thought_n arise_v upon_o the_o spot_n but_o of_o truth_n new_o clear_v to_o our_o
exact_a distinction_n and_o remain_v unconfound_v and_o that_o whoever_o hold_v otherwise_o and_o make_v they_o two_o suppositum_n do_v in_o the_o christian_a phrase_n solvere_fw-la christum_fw-la 1_o io._n 4.3_o i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o reckon_v up_o even_o hint_o the_o many_o absurdity_n that_o spring_v from_o this_o ill-coherent_a position_n of_o they_o but_o i_o will_v keep_v to_o this_o very_a maxim_n of_o he_o and_o demonstrate_v that_o even_o according_a to_o that_o man_n which_o must_v be_v mean_v by_o the_o pronoun_n ego_fw-la be_v true_o one_o thing_n consist_v of_o soul_n and_o body_n and_o not_o a_o mere_a mens_fw-la to_o show_v this_o i_o deny_v that_o he_o have_v a_o câ—â—ar_n and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o himself_o unless_o he_o conceive_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o rational_a thing_n or_o as_o he_o call_v himself_o ratio_fw-la nor_o can_v he_o clear_o conceive_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o rational_a thing_n but_o he_o must_v conceive_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o infer_v new_a knowledge_n out_o of_o forego_v one_o leisurely_o or_o with_o succession_n of_o time_n which_o belong_v proper_o to_o body_n and_o bodily_a motion_n wherefore_o something_o of_o corporeal_a extend_v or_o divisible_a be_v find_v in_o the_o clear_a and_o distinct_a idea_n of_o ego_fw-la or_o himself_o if_o he_o be_v a_o ratio_fw-la or_o rational_a thing_n for_o be_v he_o mere_o a_o man_n or_o spirit_n his_o operation_n will_v be_v indivisible_a simultaneous_a and_o unsuccessive_a as_o be_v abundant_o demonstrate_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o follow_a treatise_n particular_o in_o my_o seven_o demonstration_n book_n 3_o lesson_n 7._o among_o the_o other_o point_n he_o bring_v as_o possible_a to_o be_v yet_o doubt_v of_o he_o put_v this_o for_o one_o that_o a_o foursquared_a thing_n have_v in_o it_o four_o side_n and_o no_o more_o of_o which_o he_o pretend_v he_o may_v yet_o doubt_v because_o some_o most_o powerful_a agent_n may_v possible_o make_v that_o appear_v to_o he_o to_o be_v so_o though_o it_o be_v not_o true_a in_o reality_n now_o it_o be_v the_o very_a notion_n or_o essence_n of_o a_o quadratum_fw-la to_o have_v but_o four_o side_n and_o therefore_o the_o proposition_n affirm_v that_o it_o have_v just_a four_o side_n be_v perfect_o identical_a and_o the_o same_o as_o to_o say_v what_o have_v but_o four_o side_n have_v but_o four_o side_n it_o be_v then_o impossible_a any_o thing_n can_v be_v more_o certain_a or_o more_o evident_a than_o a_o identical_a proposition_n i_o will_v ask_v why_o he_o may_v not_o as_o well_o be_v deceivable_a in_o his_o first_o principle_n cogito_fw-la ergo_fw-la sum_fw-la as_o in_o that_o self-evident_a proposition_n or_o if_o he_o pretend_v that_o proposition_n ego_fw-la sum_fw-la cogitans_fw-la be_v more_o evident_a than_o the_o other_o then_o since_o all_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o any_o proposition_n consist_v in_o the_o close_a and_o clear_a connexion_n of_o its_o term_n i_o will_v demand_v of_o he_o or_o his_o scholar_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o connexion_n of_o term_n more_o close_a and_o more_o clear_a than_o there_o be_v of_o those_o find_v in_o a_o identical_a proposition_n which_o affirm_v the_o same_o be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o or_o if_o they_o say_v there_o be_v then_o to_o know_v of_o they_o in_o what_o that_o evidence_n consist_v or_o how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o make_v way_n towards_o the_o settle_v his_o belove_a and_o self-pleasing_a idea_n he_o fall_v to_o doubt_v of_o the_o certainty_n of_o all_o our_o sense_n in_o order_n to_o knowledge_n and_o that_o not_o only_o as_o a_o supposition_n for_o discourse_n sake_n as_o he_o pretend_v to_o doubt_v of_o other_o thing_n but_o real_o and_o serious_o and_o his_o scholar_n malbranche_n 6._o assure_v we_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o same_o he_o say_v of_o the_o other_o sense_n be_v not_o give_v we_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o truth_n of_o thing_n but_o only_o to_o discern_v those_o thing_n 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all_o this_o to_o science_n or_o to_o our_o purpose_n for_o in_o the_o method_n to_o science_n we_o neither_o need_v nor_o do_v build_v our_o judgement_n on_o the_o sense_n alone_o all_o we_o require_v be_v that_o they_o convey_v into_o our_o know_a power_n right_a apprehension_n or_o notion_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o nature_n and_o this_o it_o be_v evident_a they_o must_v do_v for_o though_o as_o they_o object_n a_o large_a square_a steeple_n see_v a_o far_o off_o seem_v round_a and_o little_a and_o therefore_o who_o judge_n it_o such_o be_v deceive_v yet_o it_o imprint_n true_o in_o my_o mind_n the_o notion_n of_o little_a and_o round_o and_o it_o be_v on_o these_o unmistakable_a notion_n all_o our_o science_n be_v build_v and_o our_o judge_a right_a in_o our_o speculation_n be_v chief_o ground_v on_o other_o principle_n as_o will_v be_v see_v hereafter_o last_o themselves_o must_v either_o
the_o mind_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o its_o return_n and_o conversion_n towards_o god_n who_o only_o can_v teach_v we_o truth_n by_o the_o manifestation_n of_o his_o substance_n i_o be_o hearty_o glad_a to_o know_v that_o euclid_n and_o archimedes_n be_v convert_v to_o god_n and_o that_o they_o be_v so_o infinite_o happy_a as_o to_o see_v god_n substance_n which_o be_v his_o essence_n so_o manifest_o he_o proceed_v man_n must_v look_v within_o themselves_o and_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o light_n that_o shine_v there_o continual_o that_o their_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o more_o illuminate_v the_o mind_n ought_v to_o examine_v all_o human_a science_n by_o the_o pure_a light_n of_o truth_n which_o guide_v it_o without_o harken_v to_o the_o false_a and_o confuse_a testimony_n of_o the_o sense_n those_o that_o hear_v we_o do_v not_o learn_v the_o truth_n we_o speak_v to_o their_o ear_n unless_o he_o that_o discover_v they_o to_o we_o he_o mean_v god_n the_o giver_n of_o idea_n do_v reveal_v they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o the_o mind_n so_o that_o all_o science_n it_o seem_v come_v by_o divine_a revelation_n to_o what_o end_n then_o be_v teacher_n professor_n school_n and_o university_n if_o when_o we_o have_v do_v what_o we_o can_v by_o all_o our_o teach_v and_o learn_v nothing_o but_o divine_a revelation_n must_v do_v the_o business_n or_o gain_v we_o any_o science_n but_o now_o he_o advance_v to_o a_o high_a point_n the_o mind_n say_v he_o be_v immediate_o and_o after_o a_o very_a strict_a manner_n unite_v to_o god_n nay_o after_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o essential_a manner_n than_o with_o the_o body_n now_o if_o this_o be_v true_a i_o dare_v affirm_v that_o the_o mind_n be_v more_o unite_v to_o god_n naturally_n than_o our_o saviour_n humanity_n be_v supernatural_o and_o miraculous_o for_o this_o be_v but_o unite_v hypostatical_o or_o according_a to_o the_o suppositum_fw-la or_o person_n of_o the_o eternal_a word_n whereas_o by_o this_o new_a 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who_o do_v but_o reflect_v upon_o what_o pass_v within_o his_o understanding_n that_o the_o proper_a and_o effectual_a way_n to_o gain_v a_o clear_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o our_o simple_a notion_n be_v to_o make_v definition_n of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v most_o certain_a rule_n of_o art_n how_o those_o definition_n may_v be_v frame_v but_o this_o be_v too_o ordinary_a a_o way_n to_o please_v mind_n so_o extraordinary_o elevate_v as_o these_o gentleman_n pretend_v to_o be_v bless_v with_o the_o high_a flight_n of_o nature_n do_v flag_n it_o seem_v too_o low_a for_o their_o supernatural_a pitch_n nor_o can_v reach_v the_o degree_n of_o their_o elevation_n above_o our_o dull_a horizon_n they_o be_v inspire_a with_o heaven_n implant_v idea_n and_o so_o they_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o retire_v their_o thought_n into_o the_o inward_a recess_n of_o their_o mind_n embellish_v and_o guild_v with_o these_o shine_v innate_a idea_n and_o their_o work_n be_v do_v without_o any_o need_n of_o definition_n make_v by_o sublunary_a art_n sometime_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o they_o have_v recourse_n to_o those_o spiritual_a portraiture_n out_o of_o despair_n of_o explicate_v any_o other_o way_n the_o essence_n of_o thing_n or_o in_o what_o they_o consist_v and_o i_o fear_v two_o of_o our_o learned_a man_n late_o mention_v apprehend_v they_o to_o be_v inscrutable_a and_o in-explicable_a whereas_o speak_v of_o essence_n in_o common_a i_o do_v assure_v they_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v plain_a and_o that_o every_o clown_n be_v he_o interrogated_a orderly_a can_v give_v we_o the_o true_a essence_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n he_o be_v conversant_a with_o for_o whatever_o make_v mankind_n call_v and_o esteem_v any_o body_n such_o or_o such_o thing_n in_o distinction_n from_o all_o other_o be_v true_o their_o essence_n or_o to_o speak_v in_o the_o language_n of_o a_o philosopher_n let_v but_o matter_n be_v determine_v by_o such_o a_o complexion_n of_o accident_n with_o that_o harmony_n or_o proportion_n of_o part_n connect_v with_o that_o constancy_n that_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o act_v a_o distinct_a part_n upon_o nature_n stage_n or_o perform_v its_o primary_n operation_n that_o complexion_n of_o accident_n i_o say_v be_v true_o the_o essence_n of_o that_o body_n or_o the_o form_n that_o constitute_v it_o such_o a_o ens_fw-la or_o such_o a_o part_n of_o or_o in_o nature_n perhaps_o the_o cartesian_o will_v say_v they_o allow_v definition_n to_o make_v their_o idea_n clear_a and_o distinct._n but_o how_o can_v this_o cohere_v definition_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o art_n whereas_o these_o idea_n be_v imprint_v by_o god_n hand_n who_o give_v they_o their_o nature_n and_o 3._o cartesius_n say_v express_o they_o be_v ingenitae_fw-la this_o be_v so_o and_o god_n immediate_a work_n be_v perfect_a and_o those_o idea_n be_v intend_v to_o give_v they_o knowledge_n they_o can_v need_v nothing_o to_o 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concurrence_n of_o the_o person_n depute_v examine_v if_o faulty_a amend_v and_o propose_v to_o the_o world_n it_o can_v not_o fail_v of_o advance_v science_n high_o in_o carry_v forward_o such_o a_o noble_a work_n and_o so_o beneficial_a to_o mandkind_a i_o shall_v willing_o contribute_v my_o quota_fw-la of_o endeavour_n nor_o think_v my_o pain_n better_o bestow_v in_o any_o thing_n i_o know_v of_o for_o definition_n explicate_v or_o unfolding_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o all_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n be_v so_o near_o ally_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n it_o follow_v that_o there_o lie_v involve_v in_o the_o definition_n all_o essential_a and_o proper_a middle_a term_n to_o demonstrate_v whatever_o belong_v to_o the_o notion_n define_v if_o right_a logic_n and_o studious_a industry_n be_v not_o want_v he_o blame_v st._n austin_n and_o wish_n he_o have_v not_o attribute_v to_o external_n body_n all_o the_o sensible_a quality_n we_o perceive_v by_o their_o mean_n and_o why_o because_o say_v he_o they_o be_v not_o clear_o contain_v in_o the_o idea_n he_o have_v of_o matter_n what_o idea_n st._n austin_n have_v of_o matter_n be_v little_a to_o purpose_n but_o if_o he_o proceed_v consequent_o to_o his_o thought_n he_o can_v not_o conceive_v the_o first_o matter_n to_o be_v such_o as_o they_o put_v they_o to_o be_v for_o what_o man_n of_o common_a sense_n can_v frame_v any_o idea_n of_o a_o thing_n that_o have_v only_a extension_n in_o it_o but_o be_v not_o to_o any_o degree_n either_o dense_n or_o rare_a easy_a or_o hard_a to_o be_v divide_v fluid_a nor_o solid_a soft_a nor_o hard_a etc._n etc._n and_o if_o their_o acquaint_v idea_n and_o clear_a and_o distinct_a conception_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o all_o their_o witty_a discourse_n or_o divine_a revelation_n as_o malbranche_n call_v they_o of_o science_n be_v no_o wise_a or_o solider_fw-la
we_o have_v neither_o truth_n nor_o falsehood_n in_o they_o formal_o since_o they_o do_v neither_o affirm_v or_o deny_v only_o with_o speech_n be_v capable_a of_o formal_a verity_n or_o falsity_n any_o more_o than_o do_v the_o thing_n itself_o as_o it_o stand_v in_o nature_n or_o out_o of_o the_o understanding_n 13._o all_o the_o verity_n they_o have_v be_v their_o metaphysical_a verity_n or_o their_o be_v true_o what_o they_o be_v and_o they_o partake_v this_o from_o the_o idea_n in_o the_o divine_a understanding_n from_o which_o they_o uner_o flow_v and_o which_o be_v essential_o unchangeable_a by_o which_o we_o see_v how_o the_o god_n of_o truth_n be_v the_o sole_a author_n of_o all_o the_o truth_n that_o be_v in_o we_o and_o how_o he_o do_v ordinary_o communicate_v it_o to_o we_o viz._n by_o fix_v unalterable_o the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o thing_n from_o which_o be_v thus_o establish_v and_o imprint_v on_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n all_o science_n and_o truth_n in_o 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misrepresent_v the_o thing_n do_v delude_v we_o or_o the_o equivocation_n of_o word_n draw_v we_o aside_o and_o make_v we_o deviate_v from_o those_o genuine_a and_o nature_n instill_a notion_n corolary_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v see_v how_o unreasonable_a the_o sceptic_n be_v who_o endeavour_n to_o undermine_v all_o science_n by_o pretend_v that_o all_o our_o notion_n be_v uncertain_a for_o they_o be_v cause_v by_o natural_a impression_n on_o our_o sense_n those_o man_n may_v as_o well_o pretend_v that_o water_n do_v not_o wet_a or_o fire_n burn_v as_o that_o the_o object_n work_v not_o their_o several_a effect_n upon_o our_o sense_n if_o they_o contend_v that_o every_o man_n be_v individual_a temper_n be_v different_a our_o notion_n must_v therefore_o differ_v to_o some_o degree_n in_o every_o man_n they_o oppose_v not_o we_o who_o say_v the_o same_o nor_o will_v this_o break_v any_o square_n in_o our_o discourse_v and_o our_o understanding_n one_o another_o for_o few_o man_n perhaps_o none_o can_v reach_v these_o individual_a difference_n nor_o consequent_o mean_v they_o or_o intend_v to_o speak_v of_o they_o when_o they_o discourse_n but_o if_o they_o say_v they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o all_o man_n who_o sense_n oâ—_n imagination_n be_v not_o disorder_v by_o some_o accidental_a disease_n substantial_o and_o in_o the_o main_a then_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v now_o allege_v they_o be_v confute_v by_o this_o that_o mankind_n have_v now_o for_o some_o thousand_o of_o year_n hold_v conversation_n with_o one_o another_o yet_o it_o be_v never_o observe_v that_o they_o can_v not_o understand_v one_o another_o mean_v in_o discourse_n about_o natural_a object_n or_o if_o any_o hap_v to_o occur_v which_o be_v ambiguous_a that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v their_o notion_n know_v by_o explication_n or_o if_o there_o have_v be_v some_o notable_a variation_n in_o their_o notion_n as_o when_o to_o icterical_a person_n all_o thing_n seem_v yellow_a or_o sweet_a thing_n bitter_a to_o deprave_a taste_n the_o mistake_n can_v easy_o be_v make_v manifest_a and_o correct_v by_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n who_o assure_v they_o of_o their_o misapprehension_n and_o of_o learned_a man_n particular_o who_o find_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o mistake_n to_o proceed_v from_o some_o disease_n pervert_v nature_n or_o some_o circumstance_n of_o the_o unduly-proposed_n object_n or_o of_o the_o medium_fw-la or_o from_o our_o inability_n to_o reach_v to_o some_o minute_n consideration_n belong_v to_o its_o composition_n figure_n etc._n etc._n which_o hinder_v not_o our_o have_a science_n of_o it_o in_o other_o case_n corol._n ii_o hence_o also_o be_v show_v the_o vanity_n of_o that_o tenet_n that_o maintain_v the_o pre-existence_n of_o soul_n as_o far_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o this_o ground_n that_o knowledge_n be_v only_o excite_v or_o awaken_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o object_n work_v on_o the_o sense_n and_o not_o imprint_v there_o by_o they_o for_o this_o ground_n shake_v by_o manifest_v the_o way_n and_o mean_n lay_v by_o nature_n to_o beget_v those_o knowledge_n in_o the_o soul_n and_o convey_v they_o thither_o from_o the_o object_n beside_o which_o overthrow_v all_o their_o hypothesis_n the_o knowledge_n that_o i_o be_o hic_fw-la &_o nunc_fw-la thus_o affect_v can_v with_o any_o sense_n be_v pretend_v to_o have_v be_v pre-existent_a to_o the_o time_n and_o place_n in_o which_o that_o particular_a knowledge_n be_v make_v since_o neither_o ehat_fw-la time_n nor_o perhaps_o place_n be_v then_o in_o be_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o soul_n can_v gain_v some_o new_a knowledge_n and_o this_o by_o the_o sense_n and_o if_o any_o or_o some_o why_o not_o with_o equal_a reason_n all_o that_o the_o same_o sense_n can_v receive_v from_o object_n imprint_v in_o she_o which_o as_o far_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o this_o way_n of_o instil_a knowledge_n may_v reach_v in_o a_o manner_n ad_fw-la nature_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o reflection_n discourse_n and_o art_n improve_n it_o may_v stretch_v itself_o much_o far_o corol._n iii_o from_o this_o whole_a discourse_n it_o appear_v that_o whatever_o other_o method_n of_o attain_v science_n some_o may_v propose_v however_o it_o may_v seem_v witty_a and_o one_o piece_n of_o their_o doctrine_n be_v consonant_n to_o the_o other_o and_o all_o of_o they_o consequent_a to_o the_o principle_n they_o lay_v yet_o it_o will_v i_o say_v evident_o appear_v that_o the_o way_n they_o take_v can_v never_o be_v that_o which_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v lay_v to_o engraft_v knowledge_n in_o we_o whence_o though_o such_o discourser_n may_v show_v much_o art_n yet_o in_o reality_n and_o if_o it_o be_v examine_v to_o the_o bottom_n all_o their_o plausible_a contexture_n and_o explication_n of_o their_o own_o scheme_n will_v be_v find_v no_o better_a than_o the_o run_a pretty_a strain_n of_o division_n upon_o no_o ground_n since_o their_o pretend_a knowledge_n do_v not_o begin_v with_o nor_o grow_v up_o orderly_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o from_o our_o natural_a notion_n which_o be_v the_o seed_n of_o science_n corol._n iu._n our_o discourse_n here_o abstract_n from_o that_o question_n whether_o sensible_a quality_n be_v inherent_a in_o the_o object_n or_o in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v enough_o for_o my_o purpose_n that_o the_o object_n work_v upon_o the_o sense_n so_o as_o to_o imprint_v by_o their_o mean_n several_a notion_n in_o the_o mind_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o mr._n hobbs_n prove_v for_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v it_o that_o light_a come_n from_o the_o object_n do_v not_o carry_v away_o with_o it_o some_o particle_n of_o it_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o the_o sun_n beam_n dry_v up_o great_a pond_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v unless_o they_o do_v when_o reflect_v dip_v their_o dry_a wing_n in_o that_o moist_a element_n and_o return_v with_o some_o particle_n of_o water_n into_o the_o air_n which_o when_o multiply_v be_v condense_v afterward_o into_o cloud_n and_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v grant_v that_o the_o sunbeam_n reflect_v from_o the_o moon_n bring_v along_o with_o they_o moist_a vapour_n much_o less_o be_v it_o conceivable_a that_o in_o smell_v and_o taste_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o object_n shall_v be_v convey_v by_o the_o nerve_n to_o the_o brain_n but_o only_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o motion_n it_o be_v not_o my_o task_n to_o defend_v the_o opinion_n of_o schoolman_n nor_o those_o of_o vulgar_a philosopher_n which_o he_o impugn_v but_o to_o mind_v my_o own_o business_n though_o have_v i_o a_o mind_n to_o lose_v a_o little_a time_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o show_v that_o he_o seem_v to_o mistake_v all-along_a our_o pâ—â—â—eptions_n for_o what_o be_v perceive_v of_o the_o object_n and_o i_o may_v as_o easy_o deny_v that_o colour_n for_o
some_o body_n viz._n to_o animal_n as_o one_o of_o the_o proper_a and_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o that_o genus_fw-la as_o be_v show_v above_o 3._o notwithstanding_o man_n can_v be_v both_o body_n and_o spirit_n formal_o for_o than_o he_o must_v necessary_o be_v two_o entity_n in_o distinct_a line_n of_o substance_n the_o one_o under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o body_n the_o other_o of_o spirit_n whence_o he_o will_v be_v vnum_fw-la and_o non-vnum_a in_o the_o same_o regard_n or_o according_a to_o the_o same_o formal_a notion_n that_o be_v he_o will_v be_v ens_fw-la and_o non_fw-la ens_fw-la and_o consist_v formal_o of_o two_o thing_n as_o perfect_o distinct_a as_o a_o angel_n and_o a_o ape_n and_o even_o be_v more_o monstrous_a than_o a_o hircocervus_n or_o chimaera_n because_o he_o will_v be_v formal_o that_o be_v essential_o make_v up_o of_o two_o more-generically-opposit_a thing_n than_o these_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v wherefore_o the_o notion_n of_o man_n be_v deduce_v by_o intrinsecal_n difference_n from_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o body_n he_o be_v formal_o a_o body_n though_o his_o soul_n be_v of_o a_o spiritual_a nature_n which_o make_v he_o virtual_o a_o spirit_n whence_o also_o the_o manner_n of_o existence_n follow_v from_o what_o be_v formal_a in_o the_o thing_n he_o have_v in_o this_o state_n a_o corporeal_a manner_n of_o existence_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o glean_v knowledge_n by_o the_o sense_n his_o be_v measurable_a by_o quantity_n alterable_a by_o corporeal_a quality_n nay_o even_o his_o peculiar_a and_o proper_a action_n of_o discourse_n attend_v the_o slow_a pace_n of_o fancy_n and_o bodily_a motion_n none_o of_o which_o can_v be_v competent_a to_o a_o pure_a spirit_n that_o exist_v after_o a_o spiritual_a and_o indivisible_a manner_n nor_o do_v this_o more_o prejudice_n the_o spiritual_a nature_n of_o a_o soul_n that_o it_o exist_v and_o work_v in_o some_o regard_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o body_n than_o it_o do_v prejudice_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o body_n a_o stone_n for_o example_n that_o it_o exist_v in_o we_o spiritual_o as_o it_o do_v when_o we_o know_v it_o or_o have_v the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o it_o in_o our_o understanding_n 4._o hence_o be_v see_v what_o notion_n do_v formal_o belong_v to_o the_o line_n of_o substance_n or_o to_o ens_fw-la as_o ens_fw-la viz._n the_o several_a species_n of_o it_o descend_v downward_o from_o the_o common_a head_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o iâ—dividuum_fw-la which_o therefore_o be_v a_o complete_a ens_fw-la as_o include_v all_o those_o superior_a or_o partial_a notion_n and_o *_o therefore_o it_o only_o be_v in_o proper_a speech_n a_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n in_o regard_v it_o only_o be_v ultimate_o determine_v to_o be_v this_o or_o that_o only_o it_o be_v by_o consequence_n capable_a of_o exist_v which_o be_v the_o definition_n of_o ens._n whence_o all_o potential_a or_o indeterminate_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la such_o as_o be_v ens_fw-la corpus_fw-la vivens_fw-la or_o animal_n in_o common_a be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n incapable_a of_o exist_v otherwise_o than_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o the_o complete_a ens_fw-la or_o individuum_fw-la and_o therefore_o they_o be_v phrased_a by_o the_o school_n substantiae_fw-la secundae_fw-la and_o the_o individuum_fw-la substantia_fw-la prima_fw-la low_o than_o the_o individuum_fw-la in_o the_o line_n of_o ens_fw-la we_o can_v go_v nor_o can_v any_o notion_n be_v superad_v to_o it_o that_o belong_v proper_o to_o ens_fw-la but_o that_o of_o existence_n of_o which_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o capacity_n whence_o we_o do_v not_o call_v existence_n a_o form_n or_o act_n for_o this_o join_v with_o the_o matter_n or_o power_n do_v constitute_v that_o compound_n ens_fw-la call_v body_n and_o therefore_o be_v both_o presupposed_a to_o existence_n but_o we_o call_v it_o the_o last_o formality_n of_o every_o create_v ens_fw-la because_o it_o have_v no_o potentiality_n at_o all_o in_o that_o line_n but_o be_v pure_a actuality_n and_o therefore_o most_o resemble_v god_n our_o creator_n and_o the_o sole_a giver_n of_o it_o who_o very_a essence_n be_v self-existence_n 5._o all_o those_o notion_n before_o say_v take_v they_o precise_o as_o determine_v the_o common_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o belong_v to_o it_o even_o to_o the_o last_o actuality_n of_o it_o existence_n inclusive_o be_v metaphysical_a notion_n the_o proper_a object_n of_o which_o science_n be_v ens_fw-la not_o take_v as_o it_o abstract_n from_o existence_n but_o as_o it_o abstract_n from_o all_o the_o other_o predicament_n or_o common_a head_n of_o notion_n that_o be_v from_o all_o matter_n and_o motion_n and_o all_o mode_n or_o manner_n of_o they_o for_o which_o reason_n existence_n which_o more_o perfect_o abstract_n from_o both_o do_v more_o formal_o belong_v to_o the_o object_n of_o metaphysic_n lesson_n iu._n some_o consideration_n belong_v to_o those_o ten_o head_n of_o notion_n or_o to_o the_o ten_o predicament_n in_o common_a 1._o the_o last_o nine_o predicament_n call_v accident_n be_v not_o true_o thing_n nor_o of_o themselves_o capable_a of_o existence_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v only_o capable_a of_o be_v by_o their_o identity_n with_o substance_n for_o since_o 5._o we_o can_v clear_o know_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o frame_v diverse_a notion_n or_o consideration_n of_o it_o 20._o and_o all_o the_o notion_n we_o have_v be_v divide_v into_o ten_o common_a head_n 5._o and_o it_o hinder_v the_o way_n to_o science_n if_o we_o keep_v not_o the_o distinction_n of_o those_o head_n unmingled_a wherefore_o it_o be_v manifest_a and_o undeniable_a that_o among_o those_o head_n there_o be_v one_o which_o be_v true_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n that_o be_v of_o apable_a of_o exist_v viz._n that_o of_o substance_n hence_o in_o case_n we_o shall_v conceive_v or_o put_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o be_v also_o entity_n or_o thing_n or_o of_o themselves_o capable_a of_o existence_n we_o shall_v confound_v and_o jumble_v all_o the_o common_a head_n of_o our_o notion_n together_o which_o will_v fundamental_o destroy_v all_o possibility_n of_o science_n even_o while_o we_o be_v lay_v it_o 2._o notwithstanding_o this_o the_o notion_n or_o nature_n of_o those_o nine_o head_n be_v not_o fictitious_a or_o frame_v gratis_o by_o our_o understanding_n but_o real_a affection_n or_o modification_n of_o the_o thing_n for_o since_o 5.7_o we_o can_v comprehend_v all_o that_o be_v in_o the_o thing_n at_o once_o but_o be_v force_v to_o make_v diverse_a consideration_n of_o it_o nor_o can_v we_o do_v this_o unless_o the_o thing_n be_v diverse_o considerable_a it_o follow_v that_o these_o nine_o head_n as_o well_o as_o the_o first_o be_v diverse_a considerability_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o real_a thing_n itself_o as_o diverse_o consider_v or_o conceive_v by_o we_o and_o therefore_o since_o they_o be_v not_o thing_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o distinct_a notion_n and_o yet_o be_v real_o the_o thing_n diverse_o consider_v which_o take_v nothing_o from_o their_o reality_n it_o be_v leave_v that_o they_o must_v be_v real_a affection_n modification_n respect_n or_o determination_n of_o it_o and_o not_o mere_a nothing_o or_o fictitious_a but_o as_o we_o may_v say_v somewhat_o of_o the_o thing_n or_o belong_v to_o it_o which_o logician_n phrase_n to_o be_v a_o thing_n in_o a_o analogical_a or_o secondary_a sense_n 3._o the_o distinction_n of_o these_o considerability_n be_v partly_o take_v from_o the_o understanding_n partly_o from_o nature_n itself_o for_o since_o the_o diverse_a considerability_n of_o the_o thing_n 11._o be_v not_o so_o many_o little_a entity_n find_v in_o it_o but_o the_o same_o thinâ—_n diverse_o conceive_v the_o distinction_n of_o they_o can_v be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o single_o consider_v on_o the_o other_o side_n 5.7_o since_o our_o understanding_n be_v natural_o apt_a to_o make_v diverse_a abstract_n notion_n of_o the_o thing_n nay_o be_v force_v to_o do_v it_o because_o it_o can_v discourse_v clear_o of_o more_o of_o they_o together_o much_o less_o of_o the_o whole_a suppositum_fw-la and_o that_o the_o impression_n on_o the_o sense_n which_o cause_n those_o notion_n be_v natural_o diverse_a and_o that_o the_o cause_n in_o nature_n do_v often_o work_v upon_o the_o suppositum_fw-la or_o thing_n according_a to_o some_o one_o notion_n or_o considerability_n of_o it_o and_o not_o according_a to_o another_o for_o example_n on_o its_o figure_n and_o not_o on_o its_o colour_n on_o its_o locality_n or_o situation_n and_o not_o on_o its_o substance_n hence_o ample_a occasion_n be_v minister_v to_o the_o understanding_n to_o consider_v it_o diverse_o that_o be_v to_o make_v diverse_a conception_n or_o notion_n of_o it_o wherefore_o the_o distinction_n of_o these_o considerability_n be_v partly_o take_v from_o the_o understanding_n partly_o from_o nature_n itself_o nature_n afford_v ground_n and_o occasion_n for_o the_o understanding_n
manner_n of_o work_v have_v and_o consequent_o those_o relation_n be_v far_o more_o real_a than_o those_o which_o be_v ground_v on_o corporeal_a power_n and_o their_o operation_n 15._o the_o substance_n as_o it_o be_v of_o relation_n consist_v in_o that_o immediate_a ground_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o our_o refer_v one_o thing_n to_o another_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n itself_o in_o my_o mind_n which_o be_v refer_v and_o not_o the_o act_n of_o the_o mind_n refer_v it_o for_o example_n two_o white_a thing_n have_v unity_n of_o form_n or_o the_o same_o notion_n in_o they_o which_o make_v they_o real_o alike_o of_o themselves_o be_v they_o in_o a_o compare_v power_n that_o can_v actual_o refer_v they_o and_o denominate_v they_o relative_o as_o their_o nature_n require_v so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o act_n of_o my_o understanding_n which_o make_v the_o white_a wall_n real_o alike_o but_o their_o own_o nature_n which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o my_o act_n by_o mean_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o comparative_a act_n of_o my_o understanding_n which_o they_o inform_v as_o a_o necessary_a condition_n to_o relate_v they_o actual_o and_o without_o which_o they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o have_v but_o the_o absolute_a notion_n of_o white_a and_o not_o the_o relative_n one_o of_o be_v alike_o corol._n ii_o hence_o we_o have_v some_o light_n give_v we_o how_o there_o may_v be_v true_a and_o real_a relation_n in_o god_n know_v and_o love_v himself_o and_o how_o they_o depend_v and_o not_o depend_v on_o our_o understanding_n 16._o the_o intrinsical_a difference_n of_o relation_n be_v more_o and_o less_o and_o our_o act_n add_v nothing_o to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o relation_n they_o must_v be_v take_v from_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a ground_n or_o reason_n why_o the_o thing_n be_v refer_v to_o another_o hence_o our_o great_a relation_n be_v to_o god_n because_o all_o the_o good_a we_o have_v or_o can_v have_v do_v entire_o refer_v we_o to_o he_o upon_o which_o therefore_o be_v found_v all_o our_o religious_a respect_n and_o our_o duty_n of_o serve_v obey_v and_o adore_v he_o next_o follow_v the_o relation_n of_o a_o husband_n to_o a_o wife_n who_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n the_o same_o individual_a with_o himself_o after_o they_o come_v our_o relation_n to_o our_o parent_n who_o concur_v to_o our_o be_v give_v we_o education_n and_o provide_v for_o our_o subsistence_n then_o to_o mankind_n to_o who_o we_o be_v relate_v by_o identity_n of_o nature_n to_o our_o country_n our_o king_n and_o other_o superior_n according_a to_o their_o several_a rank_n to_o our_o kinsfolk_n neighbour_n etc._n etc._n from_o which_o relation_n arise_v several_a duty_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o more_o or_o less_o important_a reason_n or_o ground_n that_o make_v they_o more_o or_o less_o near_a or_o remote_o relate_v to_o we_o lesson_n viii_o of_o the_o common_a head_n of_o action_n and_o passion_n 1._o there_o be_v two_o and_o but_o two_o common_a head_n of_o extrinsecal_n conceive_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o one_o another_o by_o way_n of_o motion_n for_o since_o motion_n have_v two_o term_n viz._n that_o thing_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o that_o to_o which_o it_o reach_v and_o these_o be_v distinct_a consideration_n hence_o we_o have_v two_o common_a head_n of_o one_o extrinsical_a thing_n conceive_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o another_o by_o way_n of_o motion_n nor_o can_v there_o be_v more_o for_o motion_n consider_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o those_o term_n have_v no_o notion_n but_o that_o of_o mere_a motion_n whence_o it_o be_v the_o very_a notion_n of_o successive_a quantity_n and_o belong_v clear_o to_o that_o common_a head_n and_o therefore_o can_v belong_v to_o another_o or_o constitute_v a_o new_a one_o 2._o the_o notion_n of_o motion_n be_v the_o most_o imperfect_a of_o all_o our_o notion_n and_o most_o approach_a to_o nonentity_n for_o since_o motion_n as_o it_o superadd_v to_o the_o extensive_a quantity_n of_o its_o subject_n be_v whole_o make_v up_o of_o not_o be_v in_o this_o place_n or_o that_o or_o of_o not_o be_v still_o here_o and_o not_o be_v yet_o there_o nor_o have_v any_o thing_n of_o permanency_n which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o same_o notion_n with_o actual_a be_v it_o follow_v that_o beside_o the_o common_a disadvantage_n other_o accident_n be_v liable_a to_o of_o have_v no_o entity_n of_o their_o own_o but_o what_o be_v borrow_a of_o their_o subject_n it_o have_v moreover_o this_o that_o neither_o itself_o nor_o any_o part_n of_o itself_o exist_v so_o much_o as_o for_o one_o moment_n wherefore_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o capacity_n of_o existence_n motion_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n incapable_a of_o existence_n or_o a_o nonentity_n and_o this_o out_o of_o its_o own_o peculiar_a nature_n or_o notion_n again_o since_o in_o every_o part_n of_o motion_n the_o thing_n move_v be_v in_o a_o space_n big_a than_o itself_o and_o place_n as_o will_v be_v show_v 9_o hereafter_o proper_o such_o be_v but_o equal_a to_o the_o thing_n it_o contain_v and_o not_o big_a than_o it_o hence_o motion_n hinder_v its_o subject_a to_o be_v proper_o speak_v in_o any_o place_n that_o be_v any_o where_o which_o among_o body_n seem_v next_z akin_a to_o not_o be_v at_o all_o last_o motion_n be_v destructive_a of_o actual_a be_v in_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v arrive_v to_o their_o full_a state_n of_o perfection_n which_o show_v its_o nature_n to_o be_v in_o some_o sense_n direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v which_o have_v some_o kind_n of_o constancy_n and_o stability_n in_o it_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o give_v actual_a be_v or_o existence_n to_o the_o new_a entity_n it_o help_v to_o produce_v for_o existence_n 7._o be_v the_o proper_a effect_n of_o self-existence_n or_o the_o first_o cause_n wherefore_o the_o notion_n of_o motion_n be_v the_o most_o imperfect_a of_o all_o our_o notion_n and_o most_o approach_a to_o nonentity_n corol._n i._n hence_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o since_o every_o agent_n produce_v a_o effect_v suitable_a to_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o therefore_o a_o agent_n infinite_o perfect_a can_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o what_o be_v most_o imperfect_a therefore_o motion_n be_v both_o most_o imperfect_a and_o withal_o most_o disagreeable_a nay_o direct_o contrary_a to_o god_n nature_n which_o be_v pure_a self-existence_n and_o essential_o immovable_a and_o vnchangable_a be_v not_o immediate_o cause_v by_o god_n but_o by_o 4._o some_o imperfect_a agent_n or_o some_o creature_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o cause_n as_o of_o itself_o be_v a_o nonentity_n 3._o the_o notion_n of_o action_n as_o it_o superadd_v to_o mere_a motion_n be_v the_o exercise_n of_o a_o power_n which_o be_v effective_a of_o something_o for_o since_o to_o act_n be_v to_o do_v and_o to_o do_v nothing_o be_v not_o to_o do_v it_o follow_v that_o to_o act_n be_v to_o do_v something_o but_o to_o do_v something_o presuppose_v a_o power_n to_o do_v it_o and_o this_o so_o as_o not_o to_o stay_v in_o the_o notion_n of_o mere_a power_n for_o if_o it_o stay_v there_o it_o only_o denominate_v the_o thing_n able_a to_o do_v which_o again_o be_v not_o to_o do_v wherefore_o action_n be_v not_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o sluggish_a power_n but_o of_o a_o power_n exert_v and_o exercise_v that_o be_v effect_v something_o whence_o the_o power_n be_v call_v effective_a the_o action_n efficiency_n and_o the_o something_o it_o do_v be_v term_v a_o effect_n all_o which_o superadd_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o mere_a motion_n 4._o the_o primary_n and_o chief_a natural_a action_n be_v division_n for_o since_o substance_n be_v the_o subject_a of_o all_o accident_n and_o which_o be_v change_v all_o the_o accident_n do_v suffer_v a_o change_n with_o it_o hence_o that_o action_n that_o work_v upon_o a_o body_n according_a to_o the_o substantial_a notion_n of_o it_o have_v more_o of_o action_n in_o it_o as_o work_v a_o great_a effect_n but_o division_n make_v two_o thing_n of_o one_o and_o so_o destroy_v the_o former_a vnum_fw-la or_o ens_fw-la and_o make_v two_o new_a one_o therefore_o division_n be_v the_o primary_n and_o chief_a of_o all_o other_o natural_a action_n note_v that_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o perfect_a division_n which_o make_v the_o thing_n divide_v and_o be_v therefore_o only_o proper_o to_o be_v call_v division_n for_o imperfect_a division_n only_o alter_v the_o figure_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n if_o they_o be_v in_o a_o great_a degree_n change_v the_o substance_n as_o well_o as_o division_n do_v answ._n this_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o some_o particular_a sort_n of_o body_n and_o not_o out_o of_o the_o precise_a notion_n of_o those_o action_n for_o
all_o a_o long_o produce_v such_o effect_n yet_o since_o we_o know_v and_o can_v demonstrate_v the_o a_o est_fw-fr of_o this_o order_n or_o that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v still_o carry_v on_o by_o proper_a cause_n and_o effect_n hence_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o that_o chimerical_a cause_n call_v chance_n govern_v the_o world_n which_o fantastic_a whimsy_n be_v impute_v to_o the_o epicurean_o corol._n 7._o hence_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v that_o every_o the_o least_o motion_n of_o a_o fly_n or_o a_o insect_n the_o figure_n of_o every_o leaf_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o grain_n of_o sand_n on_o the_o sea_n shore_n do_v come_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o course_n of_o nature_n or_o god_n providence_n which_o neglect_v not_o the_o least_o of_o his_o creature_n but_o have_v a_o superintendency_n over_o all_o which_o consideration_n though_o they_o may_v at_o first_o sight_n seem_v incredible_a and_o paradoxical_a and_o stun_v our_o reason_n yet_o after_o that_o by_o recourse_n to_o our_o principle_n we_o have_v recover_v our_o dazzle_a sight_n and_o clear_o see_v they_o must_v be_v true_a will_n exceed_o conduce_v to_o raise_v our_o soul_n connatural_o to_o deep_a contemplation_n of_o god_n infinite_a wisdom_n goodness_n and_o providence_n and_o ground_n in_o we_o a_o perfect_a resignation_n to_o his_o will_n in_o all_o occurrence_n and_o let_v we_o see_v and_o be_v ashamed_a of_o our_o froward_a proud_a peevish_a and_o selfish_a humour_n which_o nothing_o will_v content_v but_o the_o have_v the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n alter_v for_o our_o sake_n as_o if_o the_o world_n be_v make_v mere_o for_o we_o or_o that_o cause_n shall_v not_o have_v their_o proper_a effect_n which_o be_v a_o contradiction_n be_v therefore_o as_o unreasonable_a and_o foolish_a as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o man_n that_o want_v money_n to_o be_v angry_a that_o two_o and_o three_o shilling_n do_v not_o make_v forty_o corol._n viii_o hence_o none_o can_v have_v just_a occasion_n to_o grumble_v at_o god_n providence_n for_o ill_a success_n for_o since_o we_o know_v à _fw-fr priori_fw-la that_o god_n he_o be_v infinite_o wise_a cast_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o world_n or_o the_o course_n of_o cause_n in_o the_o most_o perfect_a and_o best_a order_n to_o wish_v we_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o after_o we_o see_v that_o no_o cause_n can_v bring_v our_o endeavour_v it_o to_o effect_v be_v to_o wish_v the_o whole_a world_n shall_v be_v worse_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o one_o inconsiderable_a piece_n of_o it_o which_o be_v against_o common_a sense_n and_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n to_o expect_v from_o a_o common_a governor_n who_o be_v to_o provide_v in_o the_o first_o place_n for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o be_v even_o against_o the_o judgement_n and_o generous_a practice_n of_o diverse_a heathen_n who_o for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o world_n their_o own_o country_n have_v not_o care_v to_o ruin_v their_o private_a concern_v nay_o to_o sacrifice_n their_o life_n corol._n ix_o on_o this_o doctrine_n be_v ground_v the_o duty_n of_o gratitude_n we_o owe_v to_o god_n for_o all_o the_o good_a we_o have_v of_o what_o nature_n soever_o for_o it_o be_v hence_o see_v demonstrative_o that_o god_n be_v as_o much_o the_o giver_n of_o that_o good_a by_o lay_v such_o a_o steady_a course_n of_o innumerable_a cause_n to_o convey_v it_o to_o we_o as_o if_o he_o have_v give_v it_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n immediate_o nay_o it_o ought_v more_o to_o increase_v our_o gratitude_n to_o see_v that_o he_o have_v order_v such_o a_o infinity_o of_o cause_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v instrumental_a to_o our_o good_n corol._n x._o hence_o last_o be_v show_v the_o wisdom_n of_o christianity_n which_o instruct_v all_o its_o follower_n to_o express_v in_o their_o common_a language_n and_o to_o put_v in_o practice_v all_o the_o substance_n of_o those_o truth_n which_o we_o have_v with_o so_o much_o labour_n speculative_o demonstrate_v as_o when_o they_o say_v that_o every_o thing_n that_o happen_v be_v god_n will_n pray_v his_o will_n may_v be_v do_v resign_v to_o it_o acknowledge_v that_o all_o the_o good_a they_o have_v come_v from_o god_n thank_v he_o for_o it_o free_v he_o from_o all_o imputation_n of_o injustice_n when_o any_o harm_n light_v to_o they_o and_o bear_v it_o with_o a_o humble_a patience_n etc._n etc._n 9_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a order_n or_o priority_n of_o nature_n in_o our_o notion_n take_v from_o the_o same_o subject_n by_o which_o one_o of_o they_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o the_o subject_a as_o ground_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v kind_a of_o efficient_a cause_n of_o another_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o first_o efficiency_n of_o fire_n be_v the_o make_v that_o smart_a impression_n on_o our_o feel_v sense_n which_o we_o call_v heat_n out_o of_o which_o if_o continue_v it_o follow_v that_o it_o dissipate_v or_o shatter_v asunder_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n on_o which_o it_o work_v to_o which_o it_o be_v consequent_a that_o it_o disgregate_n the_o heterogeneous_a part_n of_o it_o and_o congregate_n the_o homogeneous_a one_o from_o which_o latter_a effect_n of_o heat_n as_o be_v most_o obvious_a and_o discernible_a to_o mankind_n aristotle_n take_v his_o definition_n of_o hot_a thing_n thus_o out_o of_o rationality_n spring_v a_o solid_a and_o serious_a content_n in_o discover_v new_a truth_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a perfection_n of_o a_o soul_n and_o from_o this_o content_a a_o great_a degree_n of_o the_o love_n of_o see_v still_o more_o truth_n thus_o risibility_n spring_v from_o rationality_n the_o object_n of_o which_o be_v not_o a_o solid_a food_n nourish_v and_o dilate_v the_o soul_n as_o be_v this_o late_a which_o cause_v some_o increase_n of_o science_n in_o she_o but_o as_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o light_a repast_n and_o recreation_n to_o she_o spring_v from_o the_o observe_v some_o trifle_a particular_n which_o be_v odd_a awkward_a and_o sudden_a or_o unexpected_a and_o withal_o not_o harmful_a or_o contristate_v 10._o in_o those_o subject_n which_o have_v many_o accident_n in_o they_o we_o must_v separate_a those_o accident_n from_o the_o subject_a and_o consider_v attentive_o according_a to_o which_o of_o they_o it_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n which_o find_v we_o shall_v discover_v a_o proper_a cause_n and_o its_o proper_a effect_n for_o example_n put_v case_n we_o experience_v aloe_n purge_v choler_n we_o must_v separate_v its_o colour_n smell_v hardness_n bitter_a taste_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o accident_n and_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o according_a to_o which_o of_o they_o it_o produce_v that_o effect_n and_o if_o we_o can_v find_v it_o do_v this_o precise_o as_o bitter_a we_o shall_v discover_v that_o bitterness_n be_v the_o proper_a medicine_n against_o choler_n and_o thence_o we_o can_v gain_v this_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o establish_v this_o universal_a conclusion_n that_o every_o bitter_a thing_n be_v good_a against_o choler_n according_a to_o that_o solid_a maxim_n in_o logic_n a_o quatenus_fw-la ad_fw-la omne_fw-la valet_fw-la consequentia_fw-la note_v that_o induction_n in_o such_o case_n give_v great_a light_n to_o a_o man_n already_o well_o verse_v in_o natural_a principle_n but_o this_o former_a maxim_n must_v be_v understand_v with_o this_o provisâ—_n that_o it_o be_v mean_v to_o hold_v per_fw-la se_fw-la loquendo_fw-la as_o the_o school_n phrase_n it_o that_o be_v if_o nothing_o hinder_v as_o it_o do_v often_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n for_o in_o mix_v body_n there_o be_v a_o strange_a variety_n and_o medley_n of_o accident_n or_o quality_n divers_a of_o which_o be_v of_o a_o disparate_a and_o sometime_o of_o a_o sub-contrary_a or_o contrary_a nature_n to_o one_o another_o so_o that_o it_o require_v a_o great_a sagacity_n to_o add_v to_o they_o such_o other_o mixt_n as_o may_v obviate_v their_o interfering_n and_o make_v the_o intend_a effect_n follow_v thus_o much_o of_o demonstration_n from_o the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v active_a or_o from_o the_o efficient_a which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o four_o cause_n 11._o demonstration_n may_v be_v take_v also_o from_o the_o matter_n or_o material_a cause_n that_o be_v from_o the_o thing_n or_o subject_n as_o it_o be_v passive_a for_o from_o the_o divisibility_n of_o a_o thing_n whether_o that_o divisibility_n be_v metaphysical_a or_o physical_a we_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o corruptibility_n of_o it_o which_o necessary_o follow_v out_o of_o the_o thing_n as_o it_o be_v divisible_a be_v therefore_o a_o property_n of_o it_o thus_o capable_a of_o admire_v be_v a_o property_n necessary_o infer_v rationality_n in_o its_o subject_a admiration_n be_v nothing_o but_o a_o suspension_n of_o the_o rational_a faculty_n at_o
a_o stand_n or_o nonplus_v to_o find_v a_o reason_n for_o the_o thing_n it_o admire_v whence_o it_o infer_v demonstrative_o a_o power_n of_o reason_v capable_a to_o act_v or_o exercise_v itself_o in_o other_o thing_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v all_o passive_a property_n which_o be_v quarto_fw-la modo_fw-la as_o the_o school_n phrase_n be_v or_o proper_o such_o for_o these_o spring_v necessary_o or_o immediate_o out_o of_o the_o essence_n be_v by_o consequence_n natural_o connect_v with_o it_o and_o the_o essence_n with_o they_o whence_o they_o be_v proper_a medium_n to_o infer_v demonstrative_o such_o a_o essence_n à _fw-fr posteriori_fw-la and_o the_o essence_n a_o fit_a medium_fw-la to_o demonstrate_v they_o à _fw-la priori_fw-la 12._o that_o demonstration_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o formal_a cause_n or_o from_o the_o subject_a as_o it_o be_v formal_o and_o essential_o such_o have_v be_v show_v above_o lesson_n 3._o §§_o 7._o and_o 8._o where_o it_o be_v manifest_v that_o the_o middle_a notion_n in_o the_o gradual_a line_n give_v we_o the_o part_n that_o be_v include_v in_o the_o definition_n be_v proper_a middle_a term_n to_o connect_v demonstrative_o the_o inferior_a and_o superior_a notion_n 13._o the_o causality_n of_o the_o final_a cause_n consi_v in_o this_o that_o it_o move_v the_o efficient_a to_o act_v this_o cause_n can_v have_v no_o place_n but_o in_o intelligent_a being_n this_o be_v evident_a because_o only_o such_o can_v know_v a_o end_n or_o consequent_o aim_v at_o it_o or_o work_v for_o it_o corol._n ii_o wherefore_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n v._n g._n the_o follow_v of_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n happen_v in_o nature_n ne_fw-la detur_fw-la vacuum_fw-la that_o nature_n fly_v from_o or_o abhor_v vacuum_n that_o as_o aristotle_n acute_o speculate_v entia_fw-la nolunt_fw-la malè_fw-la gubernari_fw-la and_o such_o like_a the_o true_a mean_v of_o those_o say_n can_v only_o be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v high_o against_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o first_o intelligent_a be_v who_o create_v the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o inferior_a one_o angel_n who_o manage_v it_o under_o he_o that_o ground_n shall_v be_v lay_v in_o nature_n for_o a_o contradiction_n to_o be_v true_a or_o that_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n shall_v be_v contrive_v in_o a_o bad_a method_n or_o carry_v on_o after_o a_o absurd_a manner_n corol._n xii_o hence_o these_o say_n thus_o right_o understand_v have_v in_o they_o the_o force_n of_o a_o noble_a and_o more_o solid_a demonstration_n from_o the_o final_a cause_n than_o can_v be_v take_v from_o any_o corporeal_a efficient_n and_o effect_n though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o proper_a to_o one_o another_o for_o these_o say_n engage_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o supreme_a cause_n and_o of_o the_o noble_a cause_n under_o he_o and_o which_o have_v they_o not_o rectitude_n in_o their_o understanding_n will_n and_o operation_n all_o nature_n will_v be_v wrong_a and_o ground_n or_o beget_v in_o we_o nothing_o but_o error_n the_o demonstration_n stand_v thus_o the_o immediate_a end_n of_o those_o cause_n be_v that_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v order_v wise_o that_o be_v so_o as_o that_o thâ—_n thing_n shall_v be_v a_o ground_n for_o truth_n therefore_o it_o be_v most_o high_o impossible_a there_o can_v be_v any_o ground_n for_o a_o contradiction_n in_o thing_n which_o the_o first_o cause_n do_v make_v and_o the_o other_o do_v manage_v but_o be_v there_o a_o vacuum_n there_o will_v be_v ground_n for_o a_o contradiction_n ergo_fw-la etc._n etc._n corol._n xiii_o hence_o we_o may_v with_o pity_n remark_n the_o ignorance_n folly_n or_o rather_o frenzy_n of_o those_o gross_a speculator_n who_o by_o allow_v nothing_o but_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n be_v force_v by_o their_o impious_a and_o foolish_a tenet_n to_o speak_v of_o insensible_a thing_n as_o if_o they_o be_v intelligent_a it_o be_v something_o pardonable_a in_o lover_n when_o they_o speak_v to_o tree_n rivers_n and_o mountain_n to_o vent_v the_o passion_n that_o be-mads_a they_o but_o it_o be_v shameful_a in_o pretender_n to_o philosophy_n who_o be_v to_o reduce_v natural_a effect_n to_o their_o cause_n and_o to_o speak_v of_o both_o literal_o as_o they_o be_v yet_o such_o and_o so_o apply_v must_v be_v the_o common_a language_n of_o mere_a naturalist_n who_o look_v no_o high_a than_o matter_n and_o talk_v of_o great_a nature_n or_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n and_o such_o windy_a whimsy_n order_v thing_n thus_o and_o thus_o that_o be_v design_v a_o end_n hate_v and_o abhor_v this_o thing_n affect_v another_o which_o yet_o all_o the_o while_n they_o deny_v to_o be_v intelligent_a thing_n lest_o they_o shall_v grant_v a_o first_o be_v make_v nature_n and_o spiritual_a second_a cause_n carry_v on_o the_o course_n of_o it_o and_o move_a it_o regular_o nor_o matter_n it_o that_o we_o have_v now_o and_o than_o to_o use_v the_o same_o language_n for_o we_o do_v acknowledge_v it_o to_o be_v improper_a and_o can_v reduce_v it_o to_o a_o litteral_n sense_n agree_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n manage_v by_o such_o governor_n which_o these_o man_n can_v 14._o there_o can_v be_v no_o final_a cause_n in_o respect_n to_o god._n for_o end_n and_o good_a be_v the_o same_o and_o god_n be_v infinite_o perfect_a and_o infinite_o happy_a in_o himself_o there_o can_v no_o good_a accrue_v to_o he_o from_o any_o thing_n out_o of_o himself_o or_o from_o creature_n and_o so_o they_o can_v have_v the_o notion_n of_o a_o end_n in_o respect_n to_o he_o wherefore_o when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o god_n aim_v at_o the_o good_a of_o his_o creature_n or_o that_o to_o govern_v the_o world_n wise_o be_v his_o end_n the_o meaning_n of_o these_o word_n be_v only_o this_o that_o he_o act_v as_o become_v his_o wisdom_n or_o his_o wisdom_n be_v his_o essence_n he_o act_v as_o he_o be_v 15._o speak_v of_o mankind_n we_o can_v demonstrate_v some_o act_n of_o his_o will_n from_o the_o final_a cause_n suppose_v and_o a_o final_a cause_n from_o the_o suppose_a act_n of_o his_o will._n for_o since_o the_o will_n be_v a_o power_n and_o all_o power_n be_v specify_v or_o have_v their_o particular_a essence_n from_o the_o respect_n they_o have_v to_o such_o or_o such_o object_n and_o the_o object_n of_o the_o will_n be_v a_o appear_v good_a it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v essential_a to_o the_o will_v to_o act_v for_o a_o appear_v good_a wherefore_o if_o we_o can_v demonstrate_v as_o we_o may_v often_o that_o such_o a_o particular_a object_n must_v all_o thing_n consider_v appear_v a_o good_a to_o a_o man_n in_o such_o circumstance_n it_o will_v both_o follow_v â_fw-la priori_fw-la that_o if_o his_o will_n act_n it_o be_v for_o a_o appear_v good_a and_o also_o â_fw-la posteriori_fw-la that_o if_o there_o be_v a_o appear_v good_a there_o will_v follow_v a_o act_n of_o his_o will._n the_o proof_n of_o both_o be_v plain_a for_o since_o the_o will_n be_v a_o power_n to_o act_n for_o a_o appear_v good_a if_o it_o do_v not_o in_o due_a circumstance_n act_n for_o it_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o will_n be_v not_o a_o will_n or_o else_o it_o must_v follow_v that_o a_o appear_v good_a be_v not_o the_o object_n of_o the_o will._n whence_o since_o it_o can_v have_v no_o other_o object_n imaginable_a it_o will_v follow_v again_o that_o the_o will_n be_v no_o power_n and_o consequent_o no_o will._n nor_o do_v this_o take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o will_n which_o be_v exercise_v in_o choose_v one_o out_o of_o many_o but_o establish_v the_o essence_n of_o it_o corol._n 14._o hence_o the_o most_o easy_a and_o most_o connaturall_a way_n to_o manage_v or_o treat_v with_o mankind_n be_v to_o make_v that_o which_o you_o will_v bring_v they_o to_o do_v appear_v to_o be_v their_o good_a for_o than_o they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o obey_v and_o if_o either_o through_o perverseness_n or_o delusion_n by_o other_o they_o will_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o see_v that_o which_o be_v for_o the_o common_a good_a to_o be_v their_o own_o there_o be_v no_o way_n leave_v but_o to_o over-awe_n they_o with_o fear_n that_o so_o at_o least_o it_o may_v appear_v to_o they_o a_o good_a to_o avoid_v punishment_n lesson_n vi_o several_a instance_n of_o demonstration_n 1._o the_o method_n of_o demonstrate_v be_v twofold_a the_o one_o be_v perform_v by_o exact_a syllogism_n in_o right_a mood_n and_o figure_n the_o other_o by_o lay_v first_o certain_a maxim_n axiom_n or_o pestulatum_n and_o then_o prove_v the_o thesis_n by_o the_o concatenation_n of_o many_o proposition_n orderly_o succeed_v one_o another_o which_o be_v the_o way_n euclid_n take_v for_o this_o late_a way_n may_v be_v full_a as_o solid_a as_o the_o other_o though_o it_o look_v not_o so_o artificial_o provide_v its_o several_a consequence_n
as_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o agent_n and_o patient_n there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o begin_v the_o effect_n actual_o but_o application_n 2._o if_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v perfect_o fit_v as_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o the_o effect_v be_v indivisible_a there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o begin_v and_o end_v that_o be_v to_o complete_a the_o effect_n at_o once_o but_o application_n 3._o a_o indivisible_a effect_n can_v be_v perform_v by_o piecemeal_o or_o by_o part_n 4._o every_o thing_n operate_v as_o it_o be_v 5._o no_o change_n can_v be_v make_v without_o the_o operation_n of_o some_o cause_n 6._o a_o pure_a spirit_n be_v not_o quantitative_a a_o body_n be_v proposition_n i._n no_o corporeal_a operation_n be_v without_o local_a motion_n for_o since_o ax._n 4._o every_o thing_n operate_v as_o it_o be_v what_o be_v quantitative_a operate_v quantitative_o but_o nothing_o can_v operate_v quantitative_o or_o exercise_v it_o be_v quantity_n when_o it_o perfect_o rest_v according_a to_o its_o quantity_n that_o be_v move_v not_o according_a to_o its_o quantity_n it_o follow_v then_o that_o to_o operate_v quantitative_o be_v to_o move_v according_a to_o quantity_n wherefore_o since_o nothing_o can_v move_v according_a to_o its_o quantity_n but_o either_o intrinsical_o by_o have_v its_o quantity_n make_v great_a or_o less_o or_o extrinsical_o that_o be_v by_o have_v its_o quantity_n unmoved_a as_o to_o it_o be_v own_o part_n or_o its_o self_n move_v towards_o another_o and_o both_o these_o do_v evident_o require_v some_o kind_n of_o local_a motion_n it_o be_v evident_a likewise_o that_o no_o corporeal_a operation_n be_v without_o local_a motion_n proposition_n ii_o 13._o that_o a_o angel_n be_v not_o susceptible_a of_o local_a motion_n for_o since_o motion_n be_v mutation_n and_o consequent_o local_a motion_n mutation_n or_o change_n according_a to_o place_n and_o change_v of_o place_n do_v necessary_o require_v some_o space_n and_o space_n be_v quantity_n it_o follow_v that_o local_a motion_n can_v be_v make_v in_o a_o subject_a which_o have_v no_o quantity_n but_o angel_n they_o be_v pure_a spirit_n 6._o be_v not_o quantitative_a therefore_o they_o be_v not_o susceptible_a of_o local_a motion_n or_o capable_a of_o have_v local_a motion_n make_v in_o they_o proposition_n iii_o 15._o that_o no_o body_n can_v cause_v a_o change_n in_o a_o angel_n for_o since_o no_o 1._o operation_n of_o body_n be_v without_o local_a motion_n and_o 2._o a_o angel_n it_o be_v a_o pure_a spirit_n be_v not_o susceptible_a of_o local_a motion_n it_o follow_v that_o neither_o be_v it_o susceptible_a of_o the_o operation_n of_o body_n but_o 5._o no_o cause_n can_v change_v any_o thing_n unless_o that_o cause_n operate_v upon_o it_o therefore_o no_o body_n can_v cause_v any_o change_n in_o a_o angel_n proposition_n iu_o 16._o that_o a_o angel_n can_v change_v itself_o after_o the_o first_o instant_a for_o since_o a_o cause_n the_o self_n same_o in_o all_o respect_n if_o the_o patient_n be_v likewise_o the_o self_n same_o and_o the_o application_n also_o the_o self_n same_o produce_v the_o selfsame_a effect_n equal_o in_o any_o time_n assignable_a that_o be_v sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n and_o a_o angel_n put_v to_o act_v upon_o itself_o or_o change_v itself_o after_o the_o first_o instant_a be_v put_v to_o be_v the_o selfsame_a as_o to_o its_o be_v a_o cause_n in_o every_o instant_a before_o it_o act_n as_o likewise_o to_o be_v the_o selfsame_a patient_n in_o all_o respect_n and_o the_o application_n of_o itself_o to_o its_o self_n can_v but_o be_v equal_a it_o follow_v that_o in_o any_o time_n sufficient_a for_o the_o same_o effect_v it_o will_v produce_v the_o same_o effect_n that_o be_v act_n upon_o itself_o or_o change_v itself_o wherefore_o since_o a_o effect_n in_o a_o indivisible_a subject_n be_v indivisible_a that_o be_v impossible_a not_o to_o be_v all_o at_o once_o or_o in_o one_o instant_a and_o a_o angel_n be_v a_o pure_a spirit_n be_v 3_o 6._o a_o indivisible_a subject_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o effect_n or_o the_o action_n of_o that_o spirit_n upon_o itself_o will_v be_v equal_o make_v in_o every_o instant_a in_o case_n it_o be_v not_o already_o make_v that_o be_v can_v only_o be_v make_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a wherefore_o a_o angel_n can_v change_v itself_o after_o the_o first_o instant_a proposition_n v._n 17._o if_o there_o be_v only_o two_o angel_n existent_a one_o of_o they_o can_v not_o act_v upon_o the_o other_o after_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v let_v there_o be_v only_o two_o angel_n the_o one_o whereof_o can_v work_v upon_o the_o other_o and_o let_v the_o agent_n be_v a_o the_o patient_n b_o and_o because_o they_o be_v suppose_v not_o to_o act_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a but_o after_o some_o duration_n let_v the_o duration_n assign_v be_v c_o the_o instant_a at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o duration_n in_o which_o they_o first_o work_v d._n since_o neither_o a._n nor_o b._n be_v able_a to_o work_v upon_o themselves_o except_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a 4._o and_o as_o be_v suppose_v one_o work_n not_o upon_o the_o other_o till_o the_o instant_a d_o they_o must_v necessary_o remain_v in_o all_o respect_v the_o same_o they_o be_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a till_o the_o instant_a d_o that_o be_v for_o the_o whole_a intermediat_a duration_n c_o therefore_o they_o be_v equal_o fit_v in_o point_n of_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o each_o nay_o in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o the_o duration_n c_o as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o instant_a d_o but_o in_o the_o instant_a d_o in_o which_o they_o act_v they_o be_v in_o all_o point_v fit_v to_o act_n therefore_o they_o be_v also_o in_o all_o point_n perfect_o fit_v to_o act_v in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o the_o duration_n c_o wherefore_o 1_o the_o effect_v begin_v and_o the_o subject_a be_v indivisible_a 2._o end_v in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a in_o case_n their_o want_v not_o application_n of_o the_o perfectly-ready_a agent_n to_o the_o perfectly-disposed_a patient_n but_o there_o want_v not_o application_n in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a for_o since_o quantitative_a application_n or_o propinquity_n be_v not_o competent_a to_o pure_a spirit_n all_o the_o application_n they_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o have_v to_o one_o another_o be_v by_o knowledge_n and_o will._n but_o they_o have_v the_o same_o knowledge_n and_o will_n for_o the_o whole_a duration_n antecedent_n because_o they_o be_v suppose_v unchanged_a and_o perfect_o the_o same_o for_o that_o whole_a duration_n and_o though_o they_o have_v not_o have_v it_o former_o the_o argument_n return_v with_o the_o same_o force_n that_o they_o can_v not_o have_v have_v this_o new_a knowledge_n and_o will_n from_o themselves_o in_o any_o part_n of_o that_o duration_n nor_o from_o a_o body_n and_o therefore_o they_o must_v have_v have_v it_o from_o anâ—ther_n spirit_n and_o this_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a because_o 1.2_o that_o other_o be_v then_o perfect_o apt_a to_o give_v it_o this_o perfect_o apt_a to_o receive_v it_o and_o consequent_o if_o there_o be_v only_o two_o angel_n existent_a one_o of_o they_o can_v not_o act_v upon_o rhe_n other_o after_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v proposition_n vi_o 18._o put_v any_o multitude_n of_o angel_n how_o great_a soever_o all_o that_o they_o can_v work_v upon_o one_o another_o will_v be_v perform_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v for_o since_o where_o there_o be_v only_o two_o 5._o one_o must_v therefore_o act_v upon_o the_o other_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a or_o not_o at_o all_o because_o all_o the_o imaginable_a concurrent_n to_o that_o action_n be_v then_o adequate_o put_v the_o rest_n also_o where_o there_o be_v more_o will_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v wrought_v upon_o in_o the_o same_o instant_a in_o case_n the_o cause_n of_o that_o action_n be_v then_o adequate_o put_v but_o they_o be_v all_o adequate_o put_v in_o the_o same_o first_o instant_a for_o the_o second_o angel_n that_o act_v either_o be_v a_o perfect_a agent_n and_o perfect_o apply_v by_o what_o it_o have_v of_o itself_o or_o by_o what_o it_o have_v from_o another_o wherefore_o since_o it_o can_v never_o want_v what_o it_o have_v of_o it_o self_n or_o by_o its_o self_n it_o can_v want_v any_o thing_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o three_o unless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o first_o and_o so_o be_v fit_v to_o work_v upon_o the_o three_o but_o this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o very_a 5._o first_o instant_a wherefore_o also_o the_o three_o will_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n be_v wrought_v upon_o in_o the_o selfsame_a instant_a again_o since_o the_o three_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o want_v any_o thing_n to_o enable_v it_o to_o work_v
upon_o the_o four_o but_o to_o be_v change_v by_o the_o second_o and_o this_o be_v do_v as_o be_v now_o show_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a the_o cause_n of_o change_v the_o four_o be_v adequate_o put_v in_o the_o same_o instant_a too_o and_o 3_o consequent_o the_o effect_n and_o since_o how_o far_o soever_o we_o proceed_v the_o same_o reason_n hold_v viz._n that_o the_o effect_n be_v still_o indivisible_a and_o all_o the_o cause_n of_o each_o immediate_o succeed_a effect_n still_o adequate_o put_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o effect_n will_v still_o be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o instant_a by_o the_o same_o necessity_n that_o the_o effect_v of_o the_o first_o up_o on_o the_o second_o be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v therefore_o all_o whatever_o any_o multitude_n of_o angel_n how_o great_a soever_o can_v work_v upon_o one_o another_o be_v perform_v in_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v proposition_n vii_o 19_o that_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a a_o angel_n shall_v be_v change_v by_o god_n after_o the_o first_o instant_a than_o by_o any_o other_o spirit_n for_o since_o the_o angel_n be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n capable_a of_o change_n as_o far_o as_o concern_v its_o self_n or_o it_o be_v own_o power_n to_o be_v change_v whether_o god_n or_o any_o other_o spirit_n be_v to_o change_v it_o on_o that_o side_n precise_o there_o be_v a_o perfect_a equality_n wherefore_o see_v on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v not_o have_v power_n to_o change_v she_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a than_o that_o any_o other_o spirit_n shall_v not_o have_v such_o a_o power_n and_o infinite_o more_o impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v not_o of_o himself_o be_v ultimate_o dispose_v to_o act_v where_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o his_o nature_n be_v pure_a actuality_n also_o since_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a that_o god_n shall_v after_o some_o duration_n receive_v any_o change_n in_o himself_o fit_v he_o to_o produce_v that_o effect_n than_o that_o any_o other_o spirit_n shall_v and_o last_o since_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a his_o active_a power_n shall_v not_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o patient_n both_o in_o regard_n he_o most_o necessary_o and_o comprehensive_o know_v it_o and_o most_o intimate_o by_o himself_o conserves_n it_o in_o be_v wherefore_o since_o from_o these_o consideration_n or_o reason_n however_o infinite_o short_a in_o creature_n it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v impossible_a that_o even_o any_o other_o spirit_n if_o it_o shall_v change_v a_o angel_n at_o all_o shall_v not_o change_v it_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a and_o these_o consideration_n or_o reason_n be_v find_v to_o be_v in_o god_n with_o infinite_o great_a advantage_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v infinite_o more_o impossible_a that_o god_n if_o he_o change_v a_o angel_n at_o all_o shall_v not_o change_v it_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a that_o be_v shall_v change_v it_o in_o the_o intermediate_n duration_n than_o that_o any_o other_o spirit_n shall_v proposition_n ix_o 20._o that_o it_o be_v absolute_o impossible_a a_o angel_n shall_v be_v change_v after_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o its_o be_v for_o since_o 5._o no_o change_n can_v be_v make_v without_o â—he_n work_v of_o some_o cause_n and_o no_o 2.3_o body_n can_v work_v upon_o a_o angel_n and_o all_o that_o itself_o or_o any_o other_o create_v spirit_n can_v work_v upon_o it_o must_v necessary_o be_v in_o the_o very_a first_o instant_a of_o its_o be_v 8·_fw-la and_o 4.5.6.7_o it_o be_v much_o more_o impossible_a god_n shall_v work_v upon_o it_o unless_o in_o the_o first_o instant_a than_o that_o any_o create_a spirit_n shall_v and_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n possible_a or_o imaginable_a beside_o god_n create_v spirit_n or_o body_n it_o follow_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o to_o work_v upon_o a_o angel_n or_o to_o change_v it_o after_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o its_o be_v and_o therefore_o it_o can_v undergo_v no_o change_n after_o that_o first_o instant_a advertisement_n 1._o this_o last_o conclusion_n may_v seem_v a_o strange_a paradox_n to_o some_o reader_n who_o reason_n and_o principle_n have_v not_o raise_v they_o above_o fancy_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v far_o on_o the_o evidence_n of_o our_o consequence_n from_o undeniable_a principle_n which_o have_v force_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o conclusion_n such_o man_n be_v desire_v to_o reflect_v that_o ens_fw-la be_v divide_v as_o by_o its_o proper_a difference_n by_o divisible_a and_o indivisible_a and_o these_o difference_n be_v contradictory_n to_o one_o another_o it_o follow_v that_o body_n and_o spirit_n which_o be_v the_o species_n constitute_v by_o those_o difference_n do_v agree_v in_o nothing_o at_o all_o but_o in_o the_o common_a and_o generical_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o in_o this_o that_o they_o be_v both_o of_o they_o capable_a of_o be_v whence_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o they_o must_v differ_v nay_o contradictory_o disagree_v in_o every_o thing_n else_o so_o that_o whatever_o else_o be_v affirm_v literal_o of_o the_o one_o must_v be_v deny_v of_o the_o other_o wherefore_o since_o we_o can_v true_o and_o literal_o affirm_v that_o body_n be_v quantitative_a corruptible_a in_o place_n move_v local_o change_v by_o time_n or_o subject_n to_o it_o capable_a of_o succession_n or_o of_o before_o and_o after_o which_o be_v the_o difference_n of_o time_n etc._n etc._n we_o must_v be_v force_v with_o equal_a truth_n literal_o to_o deny_v all_o these_o of_o pure_a spirit_n or_o angel_n because_o none_o of_o these_o do_v belong_v to_o the_o common_a generical_a notion_n of_o ens_fw-la but_o to_o that_o difference_n which_o constitute_v that_o species_n call_v body_n and_o therefore_o the_o contradictory_n to_o all_o these_o and_o among_o they_o to_o be_v vnsuccessive_a in_o its_o operation_n must_v be_v predicate_v of_o the_o other_o species_n call_v spirit_n it_o will_v i_o doubt_v not_o be_v much_o wonder_v at_o too_o that_o the_o devil_n shall_v be_v damn_a in_o the_o first_o instant_a of_o their_o be_v which_o look_v as_o if_o they_o be_v create_v in_o the_o state_n of_o damnation_n a_o thing_n certain_o most_o unworthy_a god_n who_o be_v essential_o and_o infinite_o good_n but_o their_o wonder_n will_v cease_v if_o they_o reflect_v that_o those_o bad_a angel_n have_v far_o more_o knowledge_n and_o consequent_o more_o perfect_a deliberation_n such_o as_o they_o can_v have_v in_o that_o one_o single_a instant_a than_o we_o can_v have_v have_v though_o we_o have_v be_v a_o thousand_o year_n consider_v and_o deliberate_v ever_o we_o have_v make_v our_o choice_n of_o our_o last_o end_n and_o fix_v our_o resolution_n to_o adhere_v to_o it_o final_o so_o that_o it_o never_o lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n to_o have_v so_o clear_a a_o knowledge_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o so_o perfect_a and_o full_a sight_n of_o all_o the_o motive_n to_o continue_v in_o that_o duty_n as_o the_o devil_n and_o his_o angel_n have_v in_o that_o one_o instant_a whence_o the_o crime_n of_o lucifer_n and_o his_o adherent_n be_v a_o sin_n of_o pure_a malice_n and_o not_o mere_a frailty_n or_o mix_v with_o frailty_n much_o less_o of_o inadvertence_n speculative_a ignorance_n or_o suggest_v by_o the_o soul_n be_v deprave_a companion_n the_o body_n as_o be_v the_o sin_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n some_o inconsiderable_a number_n of_o they_o except_v who_o soul_n be_v thorough_o poison_v with_o spiritual_a sin_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o devil_n such_o as_o be_v spiritual_a pride_n malice_n envy_n or_o such_o like_a which_o wicked_a sinner_n be_v therefore_o even_o while_o here_o so_o many_o limb_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o devil_n and_o very_o difficult_a to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o repentance_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o god_n wisdom_n goodness_n and_o justice_n lay_v so_o many_o miracle_n of_o mercy_n to_o save_v poor_a weak_a mankind_n and_o leave_v the_o fall_v angel_n in_o the_o sad_a condition_n in_o which_o they_o have_v so_o wilful_o and_o desperate_o engulft_v themselves_o wise_o and_o just_o place_v it_o in_o the_o order_n of_o cause_n that_o that_o sin_n which_o be_v so_o perfect_o and_o in_o despite_n of_o all_o motive_n to_o the_o contrary_a so_o wilful_o resolute_a shall_v be_v irretractable_a whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n sin_z of_o mere_a frailty_n be_v not_o hard_a to_o be_v repent_v of_o when_o the_o allure_a circumstance_n be_v past_a and_o go_v the_o same_o faculty_n which_o permit_v they_o to_o fall_v leave_v they_o likewise_o in_o a_o pliableness_n to_o reform_v and_o retract_v what_o their_o reason_n abuse_v by_o passion_n have_v perhaps_o either_o by_o surprise_n or_o after_o much_o
money_n to_o morrow_n will_v be_v where_o omit_v the_o former_a at_o present_a the_o medium_fw-la what_o be_v promise_a be_v a_o common_a notion_n in_o respect_n of_o pay_v whence_o we_o use_v to_o say_v all_o promise_n be_v either_o break_v or_o keep_v beside_o it_o be_v far_o from_o be_v proper_a or_o immediate_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o pay_v in_o regard_n that_o multitude_n of_o cross-cause_n may_v intervene_v hinder_v that_o effect_n from_o follow_v though_o never_o so_o real_o intend_v whereas_o take_v a_o proper_a effect_n viz._n my_o chamber_n be_v enlighten_v prove_v by_o its_o proper_a cause_n the_o sun_n dart_v its_o ray_n in_o through_o my_o window_n at_o which_o rate_n all_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n and_o all_o the_o demonstration_n that_o may_v be_v frame_v of_o it_o all_o along_o do_v hang_v together_o nothing_o can_v intervene_v to_o hinder_v it_o the_o efficiency_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v still_o the_o put_v the_o effect_n 3._o common_a medium_n not_o be_v immediate_a but_o remote_a be_v not_o in_o true_a speech_n medium_n apt_a to_o connect_v the_o extreme_n for_o since_o what_o connect_v two_o other_o must_v itself_o be_v connect_v with_o they_o both_o and_o what_o be_v connect_v to_o two_o thing_n must_v be_v immediate_a to_o they_o both_o it_o follow_v that_o a_o common_a notion_n not_o be_v immediate_a to_o the_o two_o extreme_n can_v connect_v they_o and_o so_o can_v be_v in_o proper_a speech_n or_o univocal_o a_o middle_a term_n with_o that_o which_o be_v immediate_a 4._o wherefore_o all_o assent_n to_o a_o conclusion_n from_o a_o common_a medium_fw-la be_v a_o deviation_n from_o humane_a nature_n and_o consequent_o opprobrious_a whence_o come_v the_o proverb_n turpe_fw-la est_fw-la opinari_fw-la it_o be_v shameful_a to_o assent_v upon_o uncertain_a and_o inconclusive_a medium_n such_o as_o be_v common_a one_o to_o which_o agree_v that_o say_n of_o holy_a writ_n qui_fw-fr credit_n citò_fw-la levis_fw-la est_fw-la cord_n he_o that_o assent_v hasty_o be_v light_n of_o heart_n that_o be_v inconstant_a or_o unsteady_a in_o his_o thought_n and_o action_n whence_o also_o he_o that_o adhere_v stiff_o upon_o opinionative_n ground_n incur_v the_o note_n of_o be_v a_o opiniatre_n the_o reason_n be_v because_o reason_n be_v man_n nature_n so_o that_o as_o brute_n be_v lead_v by_o sense_n so_o he_o be_v lead_v by_o some_o reason_n good_a or_o bad_a in_o all_o his_o action_n and_o true_a reason_n be_v a_o power_n to_o draw_v true_a conclusion_n out_o of_o true_a premise_n hence_o every_o assent_n involve_v as_o it_o be_v practical_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v true_a for_o such_o a_o reason_n which_o proposition_n be_v false_a if_o that_o reason_n for_o which_o he_o assent_v do_v not_o conclude_v it_o true_a as_o common_a medium_n do_v not_o wherefore_o reason_n be_v the_o true_a nature_n give_v we_o by_o god_n and_o truth_n the_o perfection_n of_o that_o nature_n all_o assent_n upon_o incompetent_a or_o inconclusive_a ground_n do_v double_o injure_v our_o nature_n first_o as_o to_o its_o essence_n by_o conclude_v undue_o next_o as_o to_o its_o perfection_n in_o make_v it_o embrace_v a_o falsehood_n and_o such_o a_o falsehood_n as_o make_v it_o liable_a to_o fall_v into_o many_o other_o by_o imbue_v the_o understanding_n with_o a_o wrong_a method_n of_o reason_v whence_o he_o lie_v expose_v by_o leave_v the_o path_n of_o right_a reason_n to_o the_o disrepute_n of_o be_v either_o passionate_a or_o ignorant_a 5._o they_o who_o do_v assent_v upon_o such_o a_o inconclusive_a medium_fw-la notwithstanding_o that_o they_o see_v it_o be_v inconclusive_a be_v convince_v to_o be_v deserter_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o lead_v blind_o by_o passion_n for_o since_o all_o reason_v be_v build_v upon_o first_o principle_n they_o who_o come_v near_a the_o deny_v first_a principle_n do_v radical_o as_o it_o be_v put_v off_o and_o abdicate_v their_o whole_a nature_n but_o such_o assenter_n come_v as_o near_o as_o be_v possible_a to_o the_o deny_v first_a principle_n for_o they_o assent_v that_o be_v they_o judge_v or_o say_v interior_o the_o conclusion_n be_v true_a or_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v and_o yet_o they_o see_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o the_o reason_n on_o which_o only_o they_o rely_v for_o that_o assent_n do_v not_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v that_o be_v they_o see_v it_o may_v not_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o reason_n which_o be_v to_o assent_v or_o judge_n that_o to_o be_v which_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o judge_v may_v not_o be_v which_o be_v in_o substance_n though_o not_o in_o direct_a term_n nature_n not_o permit_v such_o a_o palpable_a contradiction_n to_o settle_v in_o a_o subject_n make_v to_o see_v truth_n as_o it_o be_v to_o deny_v the_o first_o principle_n what_o it_o be_v or_o it_o be_v impossible_a a_o thing_n shall_v be_v and_o not_o be_v at_o once_o corol._n i._n hence_o such_o man_n be_v convince_v to_o bely_v their_o own_o knowledge_n to_o be_v false_a to_o themselves_o self-condemned_a high_o passionate_a prejudice_v and_o govern_v by_o mere_a will_n that_o be_v to_o be_v blind_o wilful_a which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o most_o unnatural_a depravation_n that_o a_o spiritual_a or_o know_v nature_n be_v capable_a of_o wherefore_o they_o be_v just_o hold_v to_o be_v dispose_v for_o any_o ill_a that_o a_o deprave_a soul_n can_v desire_v which_o ought_v to_o make_v every_o prudent_a man_n wary_a in_o his_o converse_v or_o negotiate_v with_o they_o if_o he_o can_v well_o avoid_v they_o total_o since_o have_v renounce_v the_o conduct_n of_o evident_a reason_n no_o reason_n can_v manage_v they_o nor_o the_o wise_a man_n give_v any_o guess_n at_o what_o they_o will_v do_v or_o whether_o the_o blind_a impulse_n of_o ungovernable_a passion_n will_v hurry_v they_o 6._o whatever_o allowance_n may_v be_v make_v for_o weak_a or_o ignorant_a people_n there_o can_v be_v no_o excuse_n for_o a_o learned_a man_n if_o he_o assent_v upon_o a_o common_a or_o inconclusive_a medium_fw-la because_o there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n imaginable_a that_o can_v compel_v he_o to_o interior_a assent_n as_o perhaps_o there_o may_v be_v to_o force_v he_o to_o outward_a action_n in_o regard_n god_n have_v give_v we_o a_o faculty_n of_o suspend_v our_o assent_n till_o we_o see_v evidence_n lest_o our_o weakness_n or_o carelessness_n shall_v at_o every_o turn_n precipitate_v we_o into_o error_n 7._o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v see_v that_o common_a medium_n can_v at_o most_o but_o prove_v a_o thing_n probable_a or_o likely_a to_o be_v which_o may_v consist_v with_o its_o not-being_a or_o be_v false_a the_o former_a part_n be_v prove_v because_o proper_a medium_n only_o make_v the_o conclusion_n certain_a and_o therefore_o such_o as_o these_o can_v only_o render_v it_o probable_a or_o likely_a the_o second_o part_n be_v prove_v by_o every_o day_n experience_n which_o show_v we_o how_o often_o we_o be_v deceive_v in_o likelihood_n or_o probability_n even_o though_o great_a one_o and_o that_o the_o contrary_a frequent_o happen_v to_o what_o such_o slight_a ground_n make_v we_o expect_v 8._o when_o those_o who_o be_v invincible_o ignorant_a do_v assent_v upon_o such_o common_a medium_n it_o leave_v no_o note_n upon_o they_o more_o than_o that_o of_o weakness_n and_o ignorance_n for_o since_o such_o man_n do_v as_o be_v suppose_v use_v the_o best_a of_o their_o understanding_n their_o err_v do_v not_o spring_n from_o the_o obliquity_n or_o bias_n of_o their_o will_n pervert_v their_o light_n of_o reason_n which_o secure_v their_o morality_n untainted_a 9_o though_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o act_n thus_o interior_o or_o assent_v upon_o inconclusive_a medium_n yet_o probability_n be_v very_o often_o enough_o to_o make_v we_o act_v exterior_o when_o those_o action_n be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v even_o though_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o great_a hazard_n thus_o merchant_n venture_v their_o effect_n to_o sea_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n because_o their_o state_n of_o life_n require_v it_o yet_o even_o then_o they_o must_v have_v evidence_n that_o it_o be_v best_a to_o venture_v otherwise_o their_o reason_n be_v some_o way_n defective_a so_o that_o humane_a nature_n still_o oblige_v all_o man_n to_o act_n upon_o some_o evidence_n 10._o in_o case_n of_o conscience_n and_o lawsuit_n which_o be_v only_o probable_a and_o in_o which_o interest_n be_v concern_v the_o safe_a way_n be_v first_o to_o purge_v our_o affection_n from_o covet_v that_o which_o be_v perhaps_o our_o neighbour_n next_o not_o to_o trust_v to_o casuist_n who_o we_o apprehend_v to_o have_v large_a case_n favourable_a to_o our_o interest_n nor_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o lawyer_n who_o be_v a_o crafty_a knave_n but_o rather_o one_o who_o be_v repute_v honest_a so_o he_o be_v intelligent_a for_o while_o we_o proceed_v thus_o the_o
will_n and_o conscience_n be_v keep_v clear_a however_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v hap_v to_o be_v unjust_a 11._o thus_o far_o of_o opinion_n faith_n or_o belief_n speak_v of_o human_a faith_n to_o which_o our_o circumstance_n determine_v our_o discourse_n be_v build_v on_o human_a testimony_n or_o witness_v authority_n to_o which_o ere_o we_o ought_v to_o yield_v assent_n two_o thing_n be_v prerequisit_a viz._n that_o we_o be_v certain_a it_o can_v certain_o know_v the_o thing_n it_o atte_v and_o that_o it_o speak_v true_o when_o it_o do_v attest_v they_o that_o be_v there_o be_v requisite_a knowlèdg_n and_o veracity_n in_o the_o attester_n 12._o if_o we_o certain_o know_v that_o the_o attester_n know_v the_o thing_n and_o do_v not_o only_a fancy_n they_o know_v it_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o thing_n be_v so_o as_o they_o know_v it_o to_o be_v for_o since_o to_o know_v a_o thing_n be_v to_o have_v the_o thing_n in_o our_o understanding_n as_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o and_o none_o can_v know_v what_o be_v not_o knowable_a or_o be_v not_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v be_v or_o of_o its_o be_v thus_o or_o thus_o do_v most_o certain_o infer_v that_o thing_n to_o be_v as_o the_o asserter_n know_v it_o to_o be_v 13._o care_n be_v to_o be_v have_v that_o the_o attester_n do_v true_o know_v the_o thing_n and_o not_o only_a fancy_n they_o know_v it_o when_o they_o know_v it_o not_o for_o since_o mankind_n be_v often_o deceive_v in_o think_v they_o know_v and_o only_o true_a knowledge_n in_o the_o attester_n can_v ground_v our_o second-hand_n knowledge_n that_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o their_o know_v it_o to_o be_v it_o follow_v that_o we_o must_v be_v sure_a those_o attester_n can_v not_o err_v in_o know_v that_o thing_n ere_o we_o can_v rational_o believe_v they_o 14._o wherefore_o no_o testimony_n build_v on_o their_o know_v speculative_a point_n can_v have_v any_o force_n upon_o our_o understanding_n or_o oblige_v it_o to_o belief_n for_o since_o we_o experience_n that_o even_o learned_a man_n do_v often_o err_v in_o their_o speculation_n either_o through_o inadvertency_n the_o obscurity_n or_o perplexedness_n of_o the_o object_n ambiguity_n of_o word_n dread_a of_o some_o authority_n which_o overaws_a their_o reason_n or_o last_o through_o want_n of_o logic_n or_o a_o right_a method_n how_o to_o manage_v their_o thought_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o can_v be_v sure_a that_o they_o do_v not_o err_v or_o that_o they_o do_v true_o know_v speculative_a point_n nor_o consequent_o can_v we_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o thing_n be_v true_o so_o as_o they_o pretend_v to_o know_v it_o be_v all_o the_o power_n they_o have_v over_o we_o be_v to_o make_v we_o prudent_o wary_a not_o to_o oppose_v such_o speculater_n but_o upon_o evident_a reason_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v many_o and_o of_o repute_n but_o much_o more_o if_o they_o pretend_v to_o go_v upon_o intrinsical_a medium_n in_o which_o the_o mistake_n be_v both_o seldom_o and_o quick_o discover_v if_o bring_v to_o the_o test._n corol._n ii_o hence_o no_o credit_n at_o all_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o such_o reasoner_n who_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o demonstrate_v though_o never_o so_o many_o for_o such_o man_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o affirm_v themselves_o to_o be_v knower_n or_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v certain_o so_o as_o they_o deem_v it_o to_o be_v and_o so_o they_o can_v have_v no_o kind_n of_o authority_n even_o though_o their_o speculative_a thought_n be_v a_o thing_n attestable_a whence_o we_o may_v establish_v this_o maxim_n viz._n that_o no_o reasoner_n precise_o as_o such_o have_v any_o kind_n of_o authority_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o reason_n he_o produce_v that_o be_v the_o reason_n which_o he_o allege_v and_o not_o his_o say_v or_o word_n ought_v to_o have_v any_o force_n at_o all_o upon_o our_o understanding_n 15._o wherefore_o testimony_n have_v for_o its_o object_n either_o particular_a thing_n or_o matter_n of_o fact_n necessary_o knowable_a by_o mankind_n use_v their_o common_a and_o frequent_a sensation_n or_o rely_v on_o vnerrable_a experience_n for_o since_o universal_a notion_n be_v the_o object_n of_o speculation_n and_o man_n 14._o may_v err_v in_o their_o speculation_n universals_z can_v be_v the_o object_n of_o witness_v authority_n or_o testimony_n but_o particular_n only_o again_o since_o every_o particular_a be_v not_o obvious_a to_o sense_n but_o many_o of_o they_o be_v so_o circumstance_v insensible_a or_o remote_a that_o we_o can_v have_v no_o certain_a experience_n of_o they_o it_o follow_v that_o only_a suâ—h_n particular_a object_n or_o matter_n of_o fact_n as_o make_v a_o lively_a and_o certain_a impression_n on_o the_o sense_n be_v those_o which_o can_v be_v attest_v or_o be_v the_o object_n of_o testimony_n 16._o experience_n may_v be_v so_o circumstance_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a the_o thing_n experience_v shall_v be_v otherwise_o for_o since_o the_o sense_n of_o mankind_n in_o due_a circumstance_n be_v as_o apt_a to_o convey_v sincere_a impression_n of_o sensible_a object_n into_o our_o mind_n as_o other_o natural_a cause_n to_o produce_v their_o effect_n they_o be_v design_v and_o fit_v by_o god_n and_o nature_n for_o that_o end_n it_o follow_v that_o if_o other_o circumstance_n be_v agreeaable_a it_o be_v impossible_a but_o they_o shall_v give_v we_o such_o experiential_a knowledge_n of_o sensible_a matter_n of_o fact_n or_o particular_n as_o may_v assure_v we_o of_o the_o thing_n be_v as_o we_o experience_v it_o the_o circumstance_n require_v to_o this_o absolute_a assurance_n be_v that_o the_o object_n propose_v be_v of_o a_o thing_n subject_a to_o sense_n that_o it_o be_v within_o a_o convenient_a distance_n and_o that_o the_o impression_n be_v not_o hinder_v or_o pervert_v by_o a_o inconvenient_a medium_fw-la hence_o we_o can_v be_v absolute_o certain_a what_o house_n or_o street_n we_o live_v in_o of_o our_o acquaintance_n or_o employment_n who_o reign_v in_o such_o a_o year_n and_o of_o notable_a action_n universal_o knowable_a that_o happen_v in_o such_o or_o such_o a_o time_n last_o of_o multitude_n of_o private_a action_n familiar_o know_v to_o ourselves_o only_o 17._o beside_o knowledge_n in_o the_o attester_n there_o be_v also_o requisite_a veracity_n in_o he_o to_o ground_n human_n faith_n for_o let_v the_o attester_n know_v the_o object_n never_o so_o well_o if_o we_o can_v be_v certain_a he_o tell_v we_o true_a when_o he_o say_v he_o know_v it_o his_o original_a knowledge_n can_v have_v any_o effect_n on_o we_o or_o beget_v a_o second-hand_n knowledge_n in_o we_o derivable_a from_o his_o pretend_a knowledge_n of_o that_o object_n 18._o no_o authority_n deserve_v assent_n far_o than_o reason_n give_v it_o to_o deserve_v for_o let_v we_o take_v two_o authority_n one_o that_o of_o a_o whole_a town_n the_o other_o of_o a_o knight_n of_o the_o post_n and_o since_o our_o nature_n allow_v we_o that_o privilege_n let_v it_o be_v ask_v why_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o to_o be_v credit_v as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a and_o the_o answer_n will_v be_v for_o such_o a_o reason_n so_o that_o reason_n in_o common_a be_v the_o ground_n of_o our_o believe_v at_o all_o as_o well_o as_o of_o our_o believe_v one_o authority_n rather_o than_o another_o and_o this_o because_o reason_n be_v our_o nature_n give_v we_o by_o god_n and_o therefore_o every_o act_n of_o our_o soul_n that_o be_v not_o for_o some_o reason_n and_o according_a to_o reason_n be_v total_o without_o reason_n that_o be_v unnatural_a that_o be_v irrational_a that_o be_v brutal_a or_o unbecoming_a a_o man._n 19_o wherefore_o no_o man_n can_v be_v oblige_v to_o believe_v beyond_o the_o motive_n he_o have_v to_o believe_v for_o that_o degree_n of_o belief_n that_o be_v beyond_o the_o motive_n or_o the_o reason_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v beyond_o the_o reason_n be_v evident_o without_o reason_n or_o irrational_a whence_o follow_v that_o our_o reason_n be_v to_o give_v we_o our_o ground_n of_o belief_n both_o as_o to_o the_o knowledge_n and_o the_o veracity_n of_o the_o attester_n for_o otherwise_o our_o belief_n will_v have_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o for_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v to_o rely_v upon_o and_o so_o will_v be_v perfect_o irrational_a corol._n iii_o wherefore_o since_o god_n govern_v his_o creature_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n he_o have_v give_v they_o he_o do_v not_o command_v we_o to_o assent_v absolute_o upon_o any_o authority_n which_o may_v either_o be_v deceive_v or_o deceive_v we_o for_o otherwise_o man_n may_v be_v lead_v into_o error_n by_o obey_v god_n command_n that_o be_v since_o god_n lay_v that_o command_n by_o god_n himself_o 20._o wherefore_o both_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o the_o attester_n must_v be_v knowable_a by_o intrinsical_a
medium_n take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o those_o must_v be_v also_o conclusive_a one_o for_o their_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n must_v either_o be_v make_v know_v by_o intrinsical_a medium_n or_o by_o extrinsical_a one_o that_o be_v by_o another_o authority_n and_o the_o same_o question_n recurr_n how_o we_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o that_o other_o authority_n and_o so_o in_o infinitum_fw-la whence_o we_o must_v come_v to_o be_v certain_a of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o authority_n by_o intrinsical_a medium_n or_o we_o can_v have_v no_o ground_n at_o all_o to_o believe_v any_o authority_n moreover_o the_o proper_a work_n of_o reason_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v which_o be_v do_v by_o intrinsical_a medium_n and_o unless_o they_o be_v conclusive_a they_o prove_v nothing_o and_o so_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o 21._o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o first_o attester_n be_v ascertain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v prove_v §_o §_o 15.16_o their_o veracity_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o show_v there_o can_v be_v no_o apparent_a good_a to_o move_v their_o will_n to_o deceive_v we_o and_o the_o best_a proof_n omit_v the_o impossibility_n of_o join_v in_o such_o a_o universal_a conspiracy_n to_o deceive_v the_o certain_a loss_n of_o their_o credit_n to_o tell_v a_o lie_n against_o notorious_a matter_n of_o fact_n etc._n etc._n be_v the_o see_v impossibility_n of_o compass_v their_o immediate_a end_n which_o be_v to_o deceive_v which_o reason_n be_v ground_v on_o this_o that_o no_o one_o man_n who_o be_v not_o perfect_o frantic_a act_n for_o a_o end_n that_o he_o plain_o see_v impossible_a to_o be_v compass_v for_o example_n to_o fly_v to_o the_o moon_n or_o to_o swim_v over_o thames_n upon_o a_o pig_n of_o lead_n thus_o it_o be_v demonstrable_a that_o all_o england_n can_v not_o conspire_v to_o deceive_v those_o bear_v since_o in_o assert_v to_o they_o that_o there_o be_v a_o king_n charles_n the_o first_o or_o a_o long_a parliament_n which_o raise_v a_o civil_a war_n here_o because_o they_o must_v see_v it_o be_v impossible_a to_o gain_v belief_n of_o it_o which_o be_v their_o immediate_a end_n whatever_o far_o end_v they_o may_v propose_v to_o themselves_o so_o many_o record_n practice_n law_n and_o other_o consequence_n issue_v thence_o give_v they_o the_o lie_v beside_o the_o history_n of_o our_o own_o and_o other_o country_n and_o the_o concatenation_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o the_o political_a part_n of_o our_o neighbour_a nation_n all_o conspire_v unanimous_o and_o apposite_o to_o detect_v the_o cheat._n wherefore_o the_o end_n be_v evident_o impossible_a to_o be_v achieve_v it_o can_v never_o be_v a_o apparent_a good_a to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o case_n to_o act_v for_o such_o a_o end_n or_o to_o attempt_v to_o deceive_v we_o by_o attest_v it_o and_o therefore_o they_o can_v not_o tell_v such_o a_o lie_n in_o such_o a_o case_n therefore_o they_o be_v veracious_a while_o they_o attest_v it_o 22._o though_o both_o the_o knowledge_n and_o veracity_n of_o the_o attester_n be_v demonstrate_v and_o consequently_n the_o thing_n attest_v by_o they_o be_v most_o certain_o and_o necessary_o true_a yet_o our_o assent_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o thing_n be_v neither_o science_n noâ—_n opinion_n it_o can_v be_v opinion_n because_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o beget_v opinion_n be_v not_o necessary_o connect_v with_o the_o extreme_n as_o be_v find_v here_o nor_o can_v it_o be_v science_n because_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v not_o take_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o be_v attest_v cause_v such_o a_o notion_n or_o impression_n in_o we_o direct_o by_o its_o self_n or_o by_o reflex_n knowledge_n upon_o those_o direct_a one_o on_o which_o kind_n of_o impression_n all_o science_n be_v build_v but_o it_o be_v a_o knowledge_n reflect_v to_o we_o from_o another_o knowledge_n of_o it_o or_o a_o kind_n of_o second-hand_n knowledge_n nor_o be_v the_o knowledge_n which_o even_o the_o attester_n have_v of_o the_o object_n at_o first-hand_n a_o proper_a effect_n of_o the_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n which_o be_v the_o object_n of_o that_o knowledge_n nor_o be_v the_o thing_n as_o a_o object_n the_o proper_a cause_n of_o that_o knowledge_n only_o which_o can_v beget_v science_n for_o a_o proper_a cause_n have_v a_o real_a order_n or_o relation_n to_o it_o be_v proper_a effect_n whereas_o the_o object_n have_v no_o real_a relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o sense_n or_o our_o know_a power_n as_o be_v show_v above_o where_o we_o treat_v of_o relation_n by_o which_o we_o may_v far_o more_o clear_o discover_v the_o essential_a difference_n between_o science_n faith_n and_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o intelligibility_n be_v a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la therefore_o every_o ens_fw-la be_v a_o proper_a cause_n of_o knowledge_n it_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la negative_o as_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n nothing_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o ens_fw-la non_fw-la ens_fw-la not_o be_v able_a to_o cause_v any_o knowledge_n in_o we_o or_o it_o may_v mean_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la in_o order_n to_o a_o extrinsical_a thing_n not_o a_o true_a property_n perfect_v it_o intrinsical_o as_o property_n due_a to_o a_o thing_n by_o nature_n and_o spring_a from_o their_o essence_n do_v it_o may_v be_v object_v far_a that_o all_o natural_a power_n be_v true_a property_n though_o they_o respect_v extrinsical_a thing_n on_o which_o they_o be_v to_o work_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o they_o perfect_v those_o entity_n intrinsical_o or_o give_v they_o some_o perfection_n in_o their_o intrinsical_a nature_n which_o intelligibility_n do_v not_o for_o nothing_o be_v intrinsical_o better_a or_o otherwise_o than_o it_o will_v be_v for_o be_v know_v or_o understand_v to_o explicate_v this_o better_a we_o may_v consider_v that_o every_o entity_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o world_n have_v some_o office_n or_o place_n there_o and_o some_o part_n which_o it_o be_v to_o act_v on_o the_o stage_n of_o nature_n and_o according_o metaphysic_n teach_v we_o that_o every_o body_n be_v constitute_v such_o by_o its_o have_v some_o primary_n operation_n which_o it_o be_v fit_v to_o produce_v as_o fire_n to_o heat_n water_n to_o cool_n etc._n etc._n whence_o what_o ever_o fit_v it_o for_o such_o a_o operation_n be_v either_o essential_a to_o it_o or_o a_o property_n immediate_o connect_v with_o its_o essence_n such_o as_o be_v those_o natural_a power_n object_v now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o those_o power_n do_v perfect_a each_o nature_n intrinsical_o since_o without_o they_o it_o will_v be_v imperfect_a and_o impotent_a to_o perform_v that_o which_o it_o be_v essential_o ordain_v for_o and_o so_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o nature_n carry_v on_o by_o such_o proper_a cause_n to_o proper_a effect_n will_v be_v quite_o out_o of_o frame_n and_o order_n whereas_o it_o be_v manifest_a it_o will_v suffer_v no_o detriment_n at_o all_o in_o itself_o whether_o those_o proper_a cause_n or_o effect_n be_v understand_v or_o no._n which_o show_v that_o their_o be_v know_v by_o the_o first_o attester_n or_o make_v know_v to_o we_o by_o their_o know_v they_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a effect_n of_o those_o cause_n nor_o intrinsical_a to_o they_o as_o they_o be_v part_n of_o corporeal_a nature_n but_o accidental_a to_o they_o as_o such_o but_o yet_o so_o accidental_a that_o it_o be_v inseparable_a from_o they_o and_o so_o do_v necessary_o infer_v the_o conclusion_n 23._o testimony_n on_o which_o human_a faith_n rely_v be_v adequate_o divide_v into_o live_v and_o dead_a that_o be_v into_o such_o attester_n as_o speak_v viuâ_fw-la voce_fw-la and_o those_o that_o speak_v by_o write_v because_o there_o be_v no_o common_a or_o ordinary_a way_n but_o speech_n and_o write_a or_o print_v character_n by_o which_o man_n can_v relate_v matter_n of_o fact_n to_o other_o or_o testify_v to_o they_o their_o knowledge_n of_o such_o thing_n 24._o matter_n of_o fact_n do_v long_o a_o go_v if_o very_o concern_v to_o have_v the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o continue_v and_o that_o they_o be_v know_v at_o first_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o a_o great_a portion_n of_o mankind_n may_v be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o who_o live_v now_o by_o a_o delivery_n of_o they_o down_o from_o the_o forego_n age_n to_o the_o succeed_a one_o which_o continue_v testimony_n or_o delivery_n of_o they_o be_v call_v tradition_n for_o since_o the_o generality_n of_o first_o attester_n who_o live_v in_o the_o same_o time_n when_o they_o happen_v can_v not_o but_o know_v they_o and_o the_o continual_a concern_v of_o they_o can_v not_o but_o still_o prompt_a and_o provoke_v foregoer_n to_o speak_v of_o they_o to_o their_o descendants_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o continuance_n of_o those_o cause_n may_v still_o
likelihood_n on_o which_o they_o be_v build_v be_v great_a or_o slight_a 10._o those_o different_a inclination_n or_o propension_n of_o the_o understanding_n towards_o the_o thing_n be_v or_o not_o be_v may_v be_v take_v from_o innumerable_a head_n viz._n from_o the_o mere_a frequency_n or_o seldomness_n of_o the_o thing_n happen_v from_o historical_a relation_n unabet_v by_o tradition_n from_o rumour_n and_o common_a talk_n from_o writer_n of_o uncertain_a authority_n or_o proceed_v upon_o speculation_n or_o opinion_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o such_o author_n as_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o pretend_v to_o know_v yet_o be_v of_o great_a name_n or_o authority_n from_o the_o bare_a sentiment_n of_o antiquity_n from_o rely_v on_o our_o nurse_n parent_n or_o tutor_n from_o medal_n monument_n inscription_n fable_n etc._n etc._n from_o misconceit_n delude_v our_o fancy_n from_o equivocation_n of_o word_n from_o interest_n and_o prejudice_n from_o ill-agreeing_a observation_n make_v by_o ourselves_o of_o the_o same_o happen_v in_o a_o like_a case_n from_o mistake_v of_o proper_a cause_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o they_o be_v common_a or_o remote_a medium_n 11._o some_o degree_n of_o suspense_n be_v so_o small_a and_o indiscernible_a that_o they_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v discover_v so_o that_o they_o counterfeit_v a_o assent_n even_o in_o the_o wise_a and_o cause_v a_o real_a assent_n in_o weak_a people_n such_o as_o be_v the_o instance_n of_o moral_a certainty_n mention_v 30._o above_o 12._o the_o way_n to_o discover_v whether_o they_o be_v assent_n or_o suspence_n be_v to_o reflect_v on_o our_o own_o interior_a and_o to_o study_v better_o our_o careless_a thought_n by_o ask_v ourselves_o what_o certain_a ground_n we_o have_v for_o they_o for_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o we_o have_v many_o effect_n wrought_v in_o we_o by_o nature_n which_o for_o want_v of_o reflection_n we_o be_v not_o aware_a of_o in_o regard_n our_o thought_n and_o the_o several_a nature_n of_o they_o can_v possible_o be_v know_v but_o by_o reflection_n for_o to_o use_v our_o former_a example_n we_o seem_v to_o assent_v absolute_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o die_v this_o night_n and_o even_o the_o wise_a man_n if_o they_o be_v now_o in_o perfect_a health_n do_v seem_v to_o take_v it_o to_o be_v altogether_o certain_a or_o to_o speak_v more_o proper_o that_o themselves_o be_v absolute_o certain_a of_o it_o yet_o upon_o recourse_n to_o their_o ground_n find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o fathom_v the_o series_n of_o hide_a cause_n and_o the_o multitude_n of_o casualty_n that_o may_v occur_v which_o they_o habitual_o know_v beforehand_o that_o they_o do_v not_o certain_o know_v we_o shall_v find_v that_o notwithstanding_o this_o seem_a assent_n of_o they_o they_o yet_o retain_v some_o small_a degree_n of_o suspense_n whether_o it_o may_v happen_v or_o no_o which_o hinder_v they_o from_o true_o assent_v 13._o from_o what_o be_v say_v it_o appear_v that_o certainty_n be_v a_o qualification_n of_o assent_n give_v it_o it_o be_v best_a perfection_n by_o secure_v it_o from_o error_n and_o make_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n incapable_a of_o ever_o admit_v the_o least_o degree_n of_o suspense_n for_o since_o our_o assent_n may_v hap_v to_o be_v and_o ofttimes_o be_v upon_o irrational_a and_o inconclusive_a ground_n which_o expose_v it_o when_o discover_v to_o the_o shame_n of_o a_o future_a retractation_n but_o certain_a assent_n can_v be_v liable_a to_o that_o hazard_n and_o inconvenience_n because_o what_o be_v certain_a to_o we_o be_v true_a beyond_o all_o peradventure_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o certainty_n superadd_v to_o assent_v the_o high_a perfection_n that_o can_v be_v 14._o certainty_n may_v either_o be_v consider_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o object_n or_o the_o thing_n or_o else_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a or_o person_n who_o be_v ascertain_v by_o by_o that_o object_n 15._o certainty_n on_o the_o object_n side_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o thing_n be_v determinate_o what_o it_o be_v or_o as_o it_o be_v this_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n self-evident_a for_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v be_v determinate_a and_o it_o be_v be_v fix_v to_o be_v such_o be_v to_o be_v certain_o such_o of_o it_o be_v own_o nature_n independent_o on_o any_o thing_n but_o on_o the_o first_o cause_n establish_v that_o nature_n to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v or_o order_v it_o by_z second_o cause_n to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v 16._o certainty_n on_o the_o subject_n side_n be_v the_o conformity_n of_o our_o understanding_n to_o this_o objective_a certainty_n for_o we_o can_v neither_o be_v certain_a nor_o uncertain_a without_o reason_n or_o motive_n and_o those_o must_v either_o be_v take_v from_o the_o establish_v or_o certain_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o they_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n 17._o wherefore_o when_o we_o discourse_v or_o dispute_v about_o the_o certainty_n of_o any_o point_n it_o can_v only_o be_v mean_v of_o certainty_n in_o the_o subject_a or_o of_o certainty_n to_o we_o for_o of_o certainty_n on_o the_o object_n be_v side_n or_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v certain_o or_o determinate_o what_o it_o be_v there_o can_v be_v no_o dispute_n corol._n ii_o hence_o certainty_n be_v the_o determination_n of_o the_o understanding_n which_o be_v to_o be_v lead_v by_o reason_n all_o determination_n of_o our_o understanding_n which_o spring_v from_o the_o will_n and_o not_o from_o reason_n be_v not_o to_o be_v call_v certainty_n but_o resolvedness_n or_o wiliful_a adhesion_n 18._o wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o irrational_a and_o a_o most_o senseless_a abuse_v of_o the_o word_n certainty_n to_o ground_n it_o on_o the_o subject_n or_o the_o person_n be_v own_o persuasion_n that_o the_o thing_n be_v so_o and_o not_o on_o the_o thing_n it_o self_n for_o since_o our_o soul_n be_v of_o herself_o tabula_fw-la rasa_fw-la all_o our_o knowledge_n and_o the_o firmness_n or_o solidity_n of_o our_o knowledge_n that_o be_v our_o certainty_n must_v either_o be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o we_o or_o since_o nature_n can_v have_v no_o other_o method_n but_o thaâ—_n it_o must_v be_v inspire_v supernatural_o wherefore_o such_o a_o fantastic_a and_o catachrestical_a certainty_n be_v convince_v to_o be_v nothing_o in_o those_o man_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o weigh_v reason_n but_o a_o self-conceited_a resolution_n to_o hold_v or_o think_v thus_o and_o to_o stick_v to_o it_o out_o of_o mere_a wilfulness_n its_o true_a and_o only_a ground_n in_o defiance_n of_o all_o reason_n and_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n which_o do_v ground_n all_o our_o reason_n 19_o hence_o follow_v that_o that_o certainty_n they_o nickname_n moral_a be_v in_o reality_n uncertainty_n for_o since_o all_o certainty_n have_v for_o its_o object_n or_o cause_n the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n on_o which_o all_o true_a assent_n be_v ground_v and_o this_o consist_v in_o a_o indivisible_a have_v no_o degree_n it_o follow_v that_o as_o when_o you_o step_v never_o so_o little_a out_o of_o the_o notion_n of_o be_v which_o be_v its_o object_n you_o plunge_v into_o be_v not_o so_o you_o no_o soon_o relinguish_v though_o never_o so_o little_a the_o true_a notion_n of_o certainty_n but_o you_o fall_v into_o uncertainty_n in_o regard_n the_o object_n of_o it_o permit_v no_o degree_n of_o pass_v from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o or_o approach_v to_o it_o near_o by_o little_a and_o little_a wherefore_o since_o moral_a certainty_n import_v some_o diminution_n of_o true_a certainty_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v some_o kind_n or_o some_o degree_n of_o uncertainty_n whence_o to_o say_v i_o be_o moral_o certain_a of_o a_o thing_n be_v in_o rigour_n the_o same_o nonsense_n as_o it_o be_v to_o say_v i_o be_o uncertain_o certain_a or_o which_o be_v consequent_a to_o it_o i_o ignorant_o know_v i_o suspend_o or_o hover_o assent_v i_o diffident_o believe_v or_o can_v probable_o demonstrate_v wherefore_o when_o in_o common_a speech_n man_n use_v to_o say_v they_o be_v moral_o certain_a it_o be_v a_o catachrestical_a phrase_n and_o signify_v only_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v high_o likely_a or_o that_o they_o incline_v strong_o to_o think_v it_o be_v true_a 20._o hence_o follow_v that_o certainty_n and_o infallibility_n be_v all_o one_o or_o the_o selfsame_a notion_n for_o since_o nothing_o sound_v more_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a sense_n of_o mankind_n than_o to_o say_v we_o be_v certain_a of_o any_o thing_n peradventure_o certainty_n must_v be_v such_o a_o fixure_n of_o the_o mind_n as_o to_o the_o existence_n of_o the_o thing_n as_o be_v beyond_o all_o peradventure_o of_o be_v deceive_v in_o that_o thing_n or_o beyond_o all_o contingency_n that_o it_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v otherwise_o than_o we_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v again_o since_o certainty_n be_v the_o immediate_a effect_n of_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o
erroneous_a or_o false_a but_o what_o be_v true_a can_v be_v false_a therefore_o a_o fallible_a testimony_n can_v be_v a_o ground_n or_o reason_n to_o prove_v a_o thing_n no_o better_o attest_v to_o be_v true_a note_v that_o this_o proposition_n what_o be_v true_a can_v be_v false_a do_v hold_n in_o all_o truth_n but_o those_o which_o be_v in_o materia_fw-la contingenti_fw-la as_o when_o we_o say_v to_o day_n it_n rains_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v false_a to_o morrow_n when_o it_o be_v fair_a because_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n viz._n the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n on_o which_o it_o be_v build_v be_v alter_v but_o this_o exception_n have_v no_o place_n in_o speculative_a truth_n which_o abstract_v from_o such_o contingency_n and_o be_v ground_v on_o our_o natural_a notion_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o their_o metaphysical_a verity_n which_o can_v alter_v 22._o therefore_o no_o fallible_a testimony_n can_v deserve_v assent_n to_o what_o it_o atte_v or_o say_v for_o since_o a_o fallible_a testimony_n may_v attest_v a_o falsehood_n and_o falsehood_n do_v deprave_v the_o understanding_n and_o to_o assent_v to_o a_o falsehood_n be_v a_o certain_a and_o actual_a depravation_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o to_o assent_v to_o a_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v false_a be_v to_o hazard_v to_o deprave_v it_o and_o none_o ought_v to_o hazard_v such_o a_o injury_n to_o his_o soul_n especial_o when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o do_v himself_o that_o harm_n or_o of_o assent_v in_o such_o a_o case_n both_o because_o god_n and_o nature_n have_v furnish_v we_o with_o a_o faculty_n of_o suspending_a till_o we_o have_v evidence_n as_o also_o because_o no_o outward_a force_n can_v impel_v we_o to_o assent_v nor_o any_o interior_a force_n but_o that_o of_o clear_a evidence_n and_o a_o motive_n that_o may_v be_v false_a as_o fallible_a testimony_n may_v can_v lay_v claim_n to_o clear_a evidence_n either_o of_o its_o self_n or_o of_o its_o ground_n it_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o testimony_n can_v deserve_v our_o hazard_n to_o embrace_v a_o error_n nor_o consequent_o to_o make_v we_o assent_v upon_o its_o attestation_n lesson_n x._o of_o disputation_n and_o paralogism_n disputation_n must_v be_v fit_v to_o the_o occasion_n and_o to_o the_o end_n we_o aim_v at_o which_o may_v be_v either_o to_o clear_a truth_n by_o combat_v our_o adversary_n with_o downright_a reason_n or_o only_o to_o gain_v a_o victory_n over_o the_o defendant_n by_o stratagem_n the_o manner_n of_o dispute_v may_v be_v show_v by_o put_v four_o case_n or_o circumstance_n which_o vary_v the_o method_n of_o it_o 1._o when_o the_o defendant_n hold_v a_o false_a thesis_n the_o way_n to_o convince_v he_o will_v not_o be_v difficult_a if_o the_o doctrine_n deliver_v above_o be_v well_o consider_v and_o dexterous_o make_v use_n of_o for_o if_o a_o fit_a middle_a term_n be_v take_v and_o right_o place_v the_o conclusion_n will_v necessary_o follow_v against_o he_o so_o that_o he_o will_v be_v certain_o overthrow_v and_o his_o cause_n lose_v but_o if_o the_o disputant_n be_v so_o skilful_a as_o to_o reduce_v his_o discourse_n to_o identical_a proposition_n he_o will_v not_o have_v the_o face_n to_o own_o his_o position_n any_o long_o the_o first_o light_n of_o nature_n stand_v so_o evident_o against_o he_o 2._o to_o know_v in_o what_o mood_n we_o be_v to_o frame_v our_o syllogism_n we_o must_v take_v the_o proposition_n which_o be_v contradictory_n to_o the_o defendant_n tenet_n and_o by_o the_o certain_a rule_n give_v as_o 2._o above_o it_o will_v be_v easy_a to_o know_v in_o which_o of_o the_o four_o mood_n such_o a_o conclusion_n be_v to_o be_v prove_v for_o example_n suppose_v the_o defendant_n hold_v that_o some_o body_n be_v unchangeable_a you_o must_v take_v and_o prove_v the_o contradictory_n to_o it_o viz._n no_o body_n be_v unchangeable_a which_o be_v a_o universal_a negative_a and_o withal_o the_o proposition_n which_o be_v to_o be_v the_o conclusion_n it_o can_v only_o be_v prove_v in_o celarent_fw-la as_o ceno_a divisible_a thing_n be_v unchangeable_a but_o la-every_a body_n be_v a_o divisible_a thing_n therefore_o rent-no_a body_n be_v unchangeable_a 3._o the_o same_o method_n must_v be_v take_v if_o the_o defendant_n absolute_o deny_v any_o of_o the_o premise_n of_o the_o first_o syllogism_n or_o any_o of_o the_o succeed_v one_o or_o if_o by_o distinguish_v he_o alter_v the_o more_o universal_a or_o ambiguous_a proposition_n to_o a_o more_o determinate_a one_o only_o you_o must_v not_o now_o take_v the_o contradictory_n to_o it_o as_o you_o do_v at_o first_o for_o than_o it_o be_v your_o adversary_n proposition_n which_o you_o be_v to_o disprove_v now_o it_o be_v your_o own_o which_o you_o be_v to_o prove_v and_o therefore_o you_o must_v take_v your_o measure_n now_o from_o itself_o for_o example_n if_o he_o deny_v the_o minor_a which_o be_v a_o universal_a affirmative_a you_o must_v prove_v it_o in_o barbara_n thus_o every_o quantitative_a thing_n be_v divisible_a but_o every_o body_n be_v a_o quantitative_a thing_n therefore_o every_o body_n be_v divisible_a 4._o beside_o the_o have_v a_o middle_a term_n and_o know_v in_o what_o form_n to_o argue_v some_o other_o rule_n must_v be_v observe_v 1._o get_v a_o exact_a notion_n of_o the_o term_n of_o the_o proposition_n under_o debate_n that_o be_v consider_v well_o in_o what_o common_a head_n they_o be_v and_o how_o define_v which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o look_v attentive_o into_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n for_o this_o will_v best_o furnish_v you_o with_o proper_a medium_n 2._o agree_v beforehand_o with_o the_o defendant_n about_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o word_n which_o express_v those_o term_n which_o be_v the_o most_o solid_a way_n of_o state_v the_o question_n and_o of_o avoid_v wordish_a distinction_n 3._o see_v the_o medium_n be_v proper_a or_o immediate_a otherwise_o not_o be_v well_o connect_v they_o can_v conclude_v certain_o although_o the_o form_n be_v right_a 4._o take_v heed_n of_o equivocation_n of_o word_n for_o otherwise_o you_o will_v hazard_v to_o be_v carry_v aside_o from_o the_o true_a state_n of_o the_o question_n and_o lose_v sight_n of_o the_o true_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n by_o mistake_v one_o notion_n for_o another_o and_o so_o you_o will_v be_v certain_o nonplus_v and_o the_o long_a you_o dispute_v the_o far_a still_o you_o will_v err_v 5._o observe_v well_o the_o doctrine_n of_o divide_v right_a and_o be_v sure_a that_o each_o member_n of_o the_o distinction_n he_o bring_v have_v in_o it_o the_o true_a notion_n of_o the_o term_n divide_v or_o distinguish_v otherwise_o he_o will_v baffle_v and_o confound_v you_o with_o impertinent_a distinction_n introduce_v a_o new_a question_n and_o put_v you_o beside_o your_o argument_n for_o example_n if_o he_o distinguish_v space_n into_o real_a and_o imaginary_a and_o obtain_v of_o you_o to_o admit_v imaginary_a space_n for_o one_o kind_n of_o space_n which_o be_v in_o reality_n nothing_o he_o will_v defeat_v your_o argument_n and_o put_v you_o to_o fight_v against_o the_o air_n while_n by_o get_v you_o to_o admit_v non_fw-fr ens_fw-la for_o ens_fw-la he_o may_v answer_v or_o say_v any_o thing_n you_o have_v lose_v all_o your_o strength_n when_o you_o forego_v nature_n and_o suffer_v your_o natural_a notion_n to_o be_v pervert_v the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o distinction_n of_o ens_fw-la into_o positivum_fw-la and_o negativum_fw-la which_o be_v plain_o to_o distinguish_v ens_fw-la into_o ens_fw-la and_o non_fw-la ens._n 6._o when_o the_o defendant_n grant_v any_o thing_n then_o to_o lay_v up_o in_o careful_a memory_n his_o own_o concession_n and_o make_v use_n of_o they_o against_o he_o to_o force_v he_o to_o admit_v truth_n or_o retract_v for_o otherwise_o he_o may_v perhaps_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o dispute_n yield_v candid_o to_o diverse_a thing_n which_o afterward_o when_o he_o find_v himself_o pinch_v and_o reduce_v to_o straits_n he_o will_v flat_o deny_v 7._o to_o be_v true_a to_o your_o cause_n and_o to_o seek_v the_o victory_n of_o truth_n over_o error_n rather_o than_o your_o own_o over_o your_o adversary_n that_o be_v to_o hold_v he_o still_o to_o the_o point_n and_o to_o pursue_v the_o eviction_n of_o that_o and_o not_o leave_v that_o pursuit_n to_o catch_v the_o adversary_n at_o advantage_n and_o follow_v on_o that_o game_n to_o show_v he_o weak_a and_o self-contradictory_a though_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o hint_n and_o then_o wave_v it_o as_o be_v the_o less-laudable_a way_n of_o those_o who_o fall_v to_o argue_v ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la yet_o if_o the_o repute_n of_o the_o person_n happen_v to_o weigh_v more_o with_o his_o follower_n than_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o reason_n and_o that_o he_o be_v hold_v obstinate_a and_o to_o want_v candour_n it_o may_v be_v a_o duty_n to_o truth_n and_o
the_o entire_a thing_n consist_v of_o matter_n and_o the_o essential_a form_n have_v many_o accidental_a form_n or_o modification_n in_o it_o which_o be_v also_o true_o intrinsical_v to_o the_o thing_n though_o not_o essential_a to_o it_o which_o form_n be_v compound_v with_o the_o entire_a thing_n as_o with_o the_o matter_n or_o subject_n of_o they_o for_o example_n we_o say_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v round_o hard_a long_o green_n and_o such_o like_a and_o therefore_o since_o wood_n have_v in_o it_o beside_o it_o be_v essential_a form_n these_o accidental_a form_n of_o hardness_n length_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v therefore_o a_o real_a composition_n of_o wood_n which_o be_v a_o complete_a ens_fw-la and_o their_o subject_n with_o these_o superven_a form_n because_o the_o thing_n have_v real_o in_o it_o what_o ground_n and_o answer_n to_o all_o these_o several_a conception_n farther_o say_v they_o there_o be_v consequent_o a_o real_a divisibility_n between_o the_o wood_n and_o these_o additional_a form_n in_o regard_n the_o cause_n in_o nature_n can_v work_v upon_o and_o change_v the_o wood_n according_a to_o its_o length_n roundness_n hardness_n etc._n etc._n and_o yet_o not_o change_v the_o nature_n or_o essence_n of_o wood._n therefore_o say_v the_o peripatetic_n the_o wood_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a can_v be_v change_v according_a to_o these_o accidental_a form_n that_o be_v there_o may_v be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o it_o according_a to_o those_o accidental_a notion_n or_o nature_n though_o it_o remain_v substantial_o and_o essential_o the_o same_o and_o since_o the_o form_n of_o what_o nature_n soever_o it_o be_v intrinsical_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a hence_o say_v they_o both_o these_o sort_n of_o formal_a mutation_n be_v also_o intrinsical_a or_o a_o change_n of_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o somewhat_o that_o be_v true_o conceive_v to_o be_v in_o it_o 8._o i_o expect_v that_o all_o this_o discourse_n will_v look_v like_o gibberish_n to_o the_o corpuscularian_o who_o thought_n beat_v upon_o nothing_o but_o upon_o particle_n thus_o figure_v move_v and_o situate_v and_o all_o the_o while_o they_o read_v this_o they_o will_v be_v conceit_v how_o dextrous_o all_o this_o may_v be_v explicate_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o their_o hypothesis_n and_o therefore_o how_o needless_a it_o be_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o such_o abstruse_a speculation_n as_o be_v those_o about_o matter_n and_o essential_a form_n that_o be_v intrinsical_v and_o especial_o to_o such_o unintelligible_a point_n as_o formal_a composition_n and_o mutation_n but_o i_o must_v beg_v their_o patience_n to_o suspend_v their_o thought_n till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o formal_a mutation_n which_o we_o be_v not_o yet_o get_v to_o what_o we_o be_v now_o about_o be_v bare_o to_o declare_v and_o lay_v open_a the_o scheme_n of_o the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n rest_v confident_a that_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n the_o main_a point_n we_o have_v undertake_v will_v be_v force_v upon_o they_o with_o such_o evidence_n that_o it_o will_v be_v unavoidable_o necessary_a to_o admit_v it_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o aristotelian_o with_o so_o less_o assurance_n than_o they_o use_v confidence_n do_v peremptory_o challenge_v their_o thought_n and_o bring_v they_o as_o witness_n against_o themselves_o if_o ever_o they_o reflect_v on_o the_o common_a rudiment_n of_o true_a logic_n and_o they_o set_v upon_o they_o thus_o 9_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o we_o can_v have_v science_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o by_o mean_n of_o discourse_n discourse_v that_o the_o most_o exact_a and_o most_o evident_a discourse_n be_v those_o we_o call_v syllogism_n that_o syllogism_n be_v resolve_v into_o proposition_n and_o proposition_n into_o two_o term_n and_o a_o copula_fw-la that_o connect_v they_o that_o all_o that_o we_o can_v say_v of_o those_o part_n of_o a_o proposition_n be_v that_o they_o be_v notion_n or_o meaning_n of_o the_o word_n that_o express_v they_o that_o therefore_o all_o discourse_n be_v build_v on_o the_o right_n put_v together_o of_o these_o notion_n and_o can_v be_v build_v on_o nothing_o else_o nor_o make_v on_o any_o other_o fashion_n that_o no_o discourse_n can_v be_v solid_a but_o what_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o without_o which_o they_o must_v necessary_o be_v airy_a and_o chimerical_a and_o impossible_a to_o beget_v knowledge_n that_o for_o this_o reason_n our_o notion_n which_o ground_n all_o our_o discourse_n and_o knowledge_n be_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n without_o we_o exist_v spiritual_o in_o our_o understanding_n that_o our_o operation_n of_o apprehend_v judge_a and_o discourse_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n be_v immanent_a or_o perform_v and_o perfect_v within_o we_o the_o object_n of_o those_o operation_n or_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n must_v be_v likewise_o within_o we_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o experience_n that_o we_o do_v make_v diverse_a conception_n or_o notion_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v all_o the_o operation_n of_o our_o mind_n be_v build_v on_o those_o partial_a and_o inadequate_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o we_o be_v to_o discourse_n that_o we_o can_v frame_v a_o great_a number_n of_o these_o abstract_a or_o partial_a notion_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o many_o of_o they_o intrinsical_v one_o that_o therefore_o that_o thing_n must_v have_v in_o it_o what_o correspond_v to_o all_o those_o several_a notion_n which_o we_o call_v formal_a composition_n that_o hence_o there_o be_v a_o divisibility_n in_o the_o thing_n as_o ground_v one_o of_o those_o notion_n from_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o ground_v another_o of_o they_o by_o reason_n that_o natural_a cause_n be_v apt_a to_o work_v upon_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o that_o in_o it_o or_o that_o part_n of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v which_o be_v thus_o conceive_v and_o yet_o not_o work_v upon_o it_o according_a to_o what_o in_o it_o be_v otherwise_o conceive_v or_o to_o what_o ground_n a_o different_a notion_n whence_o they_o make_v account_n be_v infer_v this_o grand_a conclusion_n that_o therefore_o there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o regard_n it_o can_v be_v wrought_v upon_o according_a to_o that_o in_o it_o which_o correspond_v to_o the_o notion_n of_o form_n and_o not_o to_o that_o in_o it_o which_o answer_v to_o the_o notion_n of_o matter_n whence_o follow_v avoidable_a that_o there_o be_v formal_a composition_n divisibility_n and_o mutation_n in_o it_o as_o be_v above_o explain_v which_o conclusion_n must_v necessary_o follow_v if_o they_o allow_v as_o they_o must_v this_o method_n of_o discourse_v each_o part_n of_o which_o have_v be_v make_v good_a in_o the_o forego_n treatise_n and_o the_o aristotelian_o presume_v it_o be_v altogether_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o assign_v any_o other_o that_o can_v bear_v the_o least_o show_n of_o sense_n or_o coherence_n 9_o the_o peripatetic_a school_n have_v yet_o another_o great_a exception_n against_o the_o corpuscularian_o unprincipled_a which_o be_v that_o because_o their_o scheme_n do_v not_o take_v their_o rise_n from_o our_o solid_a natural_a notion_n make_v by_o impression_n of_o the_o thing_n upon_o our_o sense_n and_o thence_o convey_v to_o the_o mind_n they_o come_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o have_v little_a regard_n to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n or_o to_o their_o metaphysical_a verity_n the_o only_a firm_a and_o deep-laid_a ground_n of_o all_o knowledge_n through_o which_o neglect_n have_v render_v themselves_o incapable_a of_o lay_v any_o first_o on_o self-evident_a principle_n take_v from_o our_o most_o firm_a and_o most_o radical_a conception_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o predicate_v of_o it_o according_o to_o which_o they_o may_v final_o reduce_v their_o discourse_n hence_o they_o be_v force_v to_o coin_n to_o themselves_o principle_n from_o their_o own_o wit_n and_o fancy_n out_o of_o which_o they_o contrive_v certain_a hypothesis_n which_o grant_v they_o hope_v they_o can_v make_v some_o congruous_a explication_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o manner_n of_o proceed_v their_o system_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v ground_v on_o such_o suppose_a principle_n be_v mere_o conditional_a or_o hypothetical_n whence_o they_o not_o only_o disable_v themselves_o from_o conclude_v any_o thing_n or_o advance_v science_n but_o instead_o of_o do_v this_o which_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o philosopher_n they_o breed_v a_o utter_a despair_n of_o it_o and_o introduce_v mere_a scepticism_n to_o pursue_v the_o truth_n of_o which_o be_v not_o our_o task_n at_o present_a nor_o suit_n it_o with_o our_o intend_a brevity_n good_a 10._o yet_o to_o show_v the_o justice_n of_o this_o objection_n it_o may_v suffice_v to_o remark_n at_o present_a that_o neither_o do_v epicurus_n regard_v the_o intrinsecal_n nature_n of_o his_o plenum_fw-la or_o atom_n or_o go_v about_o to_o show_v why_o they_o must_v be_v so_o infractil_o
a_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n because_o it_o can_v and_o do_v exist_v alone_o and_o to_o be_v a_o distinct_a ens_fw-la from_o all_o the_o other_o atom_n for_o otherwise_o all_o his_o several_a atom_n may_v be_v but_o one_o ens_fw-la or_o one_o atom_n which_o be_v both_o a_o flat_a contradiction_n and_o beside_o quite_o destroy_v his_o own_o hypothesis_n wherefore_o each_o atom_n must_v have_v something_o in_o it_o that_o make_v it_o a_o distinct_a ens_fw-la or_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o can_v be_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o atom_n for_o that_o be_v common_a to_o they_o all_o and_o what_o be_v common_a to_o all_o can_v distinguish_v one_o from_o another_o and_o if_o there_o be_v somewhat_o in_o each_o atom_n that_o make_v it_o a_o distinct_a ens_fw-la then_o essence_n be_v that_o which_o formal_o constitute_v a_o ens_fw-la it_o give_v it_o a_o distinct_a essence_n or_o distinguish_v it_o essential_o which_o be_v what_o the_o aristotelian_o mean_v by_o a_o essential_a form_n so_o that_o they_o be_v at_o unaware_o in_o despite_n of_o their_o own_o doctrine_n become_v thus_o far_o aristotelian_o 15._o to_o proceed_v therefore_o it_o be_v not_o impossible_a but_o each_o atom_n may_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o form_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v each_o atom_n be_v capable_a of_o formal_a mutation_n which_o i_o thus_o demonstrate_v whatever_o do_v not_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n be_v not_o impossible_a but_o the_o put_v each_o atom_n to_o be_v change_v another_o to_o the_o form_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o matter_n do_v not_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n therefore_o the_o put_v each_o atom_n to_o be_v thus_o change_v be_v not_o impossible_a the_o minor_a only_o which_o can_v need_v proof_n be_v thus_o evidence_v for_o since_o a_o contradiction_n be_v no_o where_o but_o in_o our_o understanding_n there_o can_v be_v no_o contradiction_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v affirm_v and_o deny_v secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la or_o according_a to_o the_o same_o notion_n or_o respect_n in_o our_o understanding_n but_o this_o can_v be_v in_o our_o case_n for_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o form_n of_o each_o atom_n as_o have_v be_v in_o the_o last_o §_o metaphysical_o demonstrate_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o idem_n and_o diversum_fw-la be_v distinct_a notion_n that_o be_v distinct_a consideration_n regard_v or_o respect_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o therefore_o to_o affirm_v that_o the_o atom_n be_v change_v according_a to_o one_o of_o those_o different_n regard_v or_o notion_n viz._n the_o form_n and_o not-changed_a according_a to_o the_o other_o viz._n the_o matter_n have_v not_o the_o least_o show_n of_o affirm_v and_o deny_v secundum_fw-la idem_fw-la nor_o consequent_o the_o least_o show_n of_o a_o contradiction_n wherefore_o it_o be_v evident_o demonstrable_a from_o plain_a logic_n acknowledge_v by_o all_o mankind_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a each_o atom_n shall_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o form_n or_o formal_o change_v whence_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n in_o nature_n sufficient_a to_o change_v it_o it_o will_v be_v actual_o change_v or_o break_v that_o be_v it_o will_v undergo_v such_o a_o mutation_n as_o be_v not_o only_o formal_a but_o essential_a because_o the_o former_a ens_fw-la be_v no_o more_o when_o two_o entity_n be_v make_v of_o it_o it_o remain_v then_o only_o to_o examine_v whether_o there_o be_v sufficient_a cause_n in_o nature_n to_o work_v this_o change_n suppose_v each_o atom_n of_o its_o own_o nature_n changeable_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v 〈◊〉_d 16._o in_o order_n to_o which_o we_o be_v to_o reflect_v that_o epicurus_n put_v those_o atom_n of_o he_o to_o be_v of_o all_o imaginable_a figure_n wherefore_o there_o must_v be_v some_o of_o they_o like_o needle_n end_v in_o the_o small_a point_n that_o can_v be_v conceive_v other_o full_a of_o pore_n or_o very_o small_a hole_n into_o which_o some_o of_o these_o sharp_a point_n will_v light_v and_o the_o more_o bulky_a part_n of_o the_o atom_n not_o be_v able_a to_o enter_v it_o that_o point_n will_v remain_v wedge_v in_o that_o poor_a or_o cavity_n now_o this_o point_n of_o the_o atom_n may_v be_v so_o almost_o infinite_o slender_n that_o the_o least_o impulse_n of_o other_o atom_n crowd_v and_o press_v upon_o it_o may_v be_v able_a to_o break_v it_o much_o more_o when_o it_o happen_v as_o it_o needs_o must_v that_o the_o vast_a weight_n of_o mountain_n or_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v press_v with_o a_o transverse_n or_o side-motion_n upon_o that_o atom_n in_o which_o case_n it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o conceive_v how_o that_o small_a point_n perhaps_o a_o million_o of_o time_n less_o than_o a_o hair_n can_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v such_o a_o stupendous_a pressure_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o those_o atom_n make_v like_o our_o hook_n clasp_v with_o another_o hook_a one_o when_o a_o very_a strong_a divulsive_a force_n able_a to_o rend_v rock_n asunder_o tear_n the_o compound_v several_a way_n as_o when_o mine_n of_o gunpowder_n blow_v up_o castle_n or_o mountain_n wherefore_o since_o as_o have_v be_v show_v the_o atom_n be_v capable_a of_o be_v break_v that_o be_v capable_a to_o be_v intrinsical_o or_o formal_o change_v and_o there_o be_v cause_n sufficient_a to_o break_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o whatever_o epicurus_n do_v extravagant_o and_o against_o the_o sense_n of_o mankind_n suppose_v his_o atom_n will_v be_v de_fw-fr facto_fw-la break_v that_o be_v two_o entity_n will_v be_v make_v anew_o and_o the_o unity_n that_o be_v the_o entity_n of_o the_o former_a ens_fw-la or_o atom_n will_v be_v destroy_v and_o consequent_o there_o must_v be_v not_o only_o intrinsical_v but_o essential_a that_o be_v the_o great_a of_o formal_a mutation_n make_v in_o his_o atom_n 17._o the_o same_o be_v demonstrate_v from_o the_o notion_n of_o mutation_n itself_o thing_n and_o the_o effect_n it_o cause_v in_o our_o understanding_n i_o discourse_v thus_o our_o word_n express_v our_o notion_n and_o our_o notion_n unless_o they_o be_v fictitious_a be_v take_v from_o the_o thing_n wherefore_o unless_o there_o be_v some_o change_n or_o other_o in_o the_o thing_n our_o notion_n and_o consequent_o our_o expression_n and_o denomination_n must_v still_o be_v the_o same_o but_o when_o local_a motion_n of_o the_o atom_n be_v make_v in_o the_o vacuum_n we_o must_v be_v force_v to_o speak_v of_o it_o or_o denominate_v it_o diverse_o and_o to_o say_v it_o be_v now_o here_o now_o there_o or_o in_o another_o place_n than_o it_o be_v before_o for_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v say_v true_o to_o be_v move_v local_o if_o it_o do_v not_o change_v place_n there_o must_v then_o be_v some_o novelty_n or_o some_o change_n in_o some_o thing_n or_o other_o to_o ground_v this_o new_a notion_n which_o cause_v this_o new_a denomination_n themselves_o will_v not_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o vacuum_n and_o shall_v they_o say_v so_o it_o will_v be_v perfect_a nonsense_n for_o the_o vacuum_n be_v nothing_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o change_n therefore_o this_o novelty_n or_o change_n must_v be_v in_o the_o atom_n otherwise_o do_v all_o the_o cause_n whatever_o remain_v the_o same_o the_o same_o effect_n viz._n the_o same_o notion_n and_o the_o same_o denomination_n and_o not_o a_o different_a one_o must_v ensue_v or_o else_o there_o will_v be_v a_o effect_n viz._n this_o new_a notion_n and_o denomination_n without_o any_o cause_n which_o be_v impossible_a wherefore_o it_o be_v logical_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o must_v be_v formal_a mutation_n make_v in_o the_o atom_n 17._o perhaps_o they_o will_v say_v for_o such_o discourser_n think_v they_o have_v give_v a_o sufficient_a answer_n if_o they_o can_v but_o give_v we_o a_o new_a word_n there_o be_v only_o a_o extrinsical_a change_n make_v by_o the_o application_n of_o the_o part_n in_o the_o atom_n to_o different_a part_n of_o the_o vacuum_n incompetent_a but_o first_o a_o vacuum_n can_v have_v no_o part_n much_o less_o any_o difference_n of_o part_n next_o a_o extrinsical_a change_n be_v a_o most_o improper_a expression_n and_o signify_v a_o thing_n may_v be_v change_v and_o yet_o no_o change_n in_o it_o but_o suppose_v we_o shall_v admit_v those_o word_n yet_o themselves_o must_v say_v a_o extrinsical_a change_n mean_n or_o imply_v a_o change_n in_o some_o extrinsical_a thing_n which_o be_v realy_a and_o intrinsical_o change_v and_o which_o by_o be_v thus_o change_v give_v a_o extrinsical_a denomination_n to_o another_o thing_n which_o be_v all_o they_o can_v mean_v by_o these_o word_n extrinsical_a change_n as_o when_o the_o wall_n be_v extrinsical_o denominated_a see_v from_o the_o act_n of_o my_o see_v power_n my_o eye_n be_v intrinsical_o change_v by_o have_v that_o act_n and_o thence_o give_v that_o extrinsical_a denomination_n
to_o the_o wall_n and_o if_o the_o word_n extrinsical_o change_v have_v not_o this_o meaning_n they_o can_v have_v no_o sense_n but_o be_v altogether_o inexplicable_a to_o be_v clothe_v be_v a_o extrinsical_a denomination_n to_o the_o man_n on_o who_o clothes_n be_v put_v but_o then_o the_o clothes_n suffer_v a_o intrinsical_a change_n of_o their_o figure_n and_o perhaps_o their_o quantity_n by_o be_v fit_v and_o acomodate_v to_o the_o body_n of_o that_o man_n and_o the_o air_n suffer_v the_o same_o while_o the_o action_n or_o motion_n of_o clothing_n be_v perform_v to_o be_v move_v local_o be_v a_o extrinsical_a denomination_n to_o the_o body_n that_o be_v move_v but_o then_o local_a motion_n be_v a_o division_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o that_o motion_n be_v make_v there_o be_v a_o intrinsical_a change_n in_o the_o medium_fw-la divide_v and_o a_o new_a continuity_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n move_v to_o new_a part_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la be_v acquire_v which_o be_v a_o quantitative_a and_o therefore_o a_o intrinsical_a mutation_n whence_o the_o extrinsical_a denomination_n of_o moved_n accrue_v too_o the_o move_v body_n beside_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a in_o nature_n where_o there_o can_v be_v no_o action_n without_o some_o degree_n of_o reaction_n but_o the_o body_n itself_o that_o be_v move_v must_v undergo_v some_o small_a change_n but_o now_o in_o the_o scheme_n of_o epicurus_n his_o philosophy_n all_o thing_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o since_o neither_o the_o vacuum_n nor_o the_o atom_n and_o he_o put_v nothing_o else_o even_o according_a to_o his_o own_o doctrine_n be_v in_o the_o least_o degree_n capable_a of_o change_n wherefore_o he_o be_v convince_v to_o deny_v this_o self-evident_a maxim_n idem_n manens_fw-la idem_fw-la semper_fw-la facit_fw-la idem_fw-la while_n he_o must_v affirm_v that_o there_o can_v be_v a_o new_a effect_n viz._n that_o new_a notion_n and_o denomination_n without_o any_o novelty_n or_o change_n in_o the_o cause_n or_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o must_v put_v a_o new_a effect_n without_o any_o new_a cause_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o a_o effect_n without_o a_o cause_n mutation_n 18._o but_o leave_v he_o and_o turn_v our_o discourse_n to_o our_o modern_a corpuscularian_n the_o cartesian_o these_o philosopher_n tell_v we_o the_o particle_n of_o their_o maâ—ter_n be_v crumble_v or_o shatter_v by_o rub_v against_o one_o another_o wherefore_o their_o matter_n and_o each_o part_n of_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n before_o it_o be_v move_v and_o now_o be_v by_o motion_n become_v many_o thing_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v deny_v but_o that_o all_o of_o they_o be_v entity_n before_o their_o motion_n since_o both_o that_o whole_a mass_n of_o matter_n and_o each_o of_o the_o first_o divide_v part_n be_v antecedent_o to_o the_o division_n capable_a of_o exist_v apart_o and_o presupposed_a to_o the_o division_n as_o the_o subject_a of_o it_o wherefore_o both_o that_o whole_a bulk_n of_o matter_n and_o each_o of_o those_o part_n by_o lose_v their_o unity_n do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la lose_v their_o entity_n too_o and_o consequent_o the_o respective_a form_n that_o constitute_v they_o such_o entity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a formal_a and_o intrinsical_a mutation_n that_o can_v be_v and_o far_o great_a even_o by_o their_o own_o doctrine_n than_o can_v be_v make_v afterward_o according_a to_o any_o accident_n or_o modification_n of_o those_o foresay_a entity_n 19_o again_o since_o motion_n can_v be_v make_v in_o a_o instant_a that_o mass_n of_o matter_n must_v be_v grant_v to_o have_v be_v create_v that_o be_v to_o have_v have_v be_v antecedent_o in_o priority_n of_o nature_n to_o motion_n wherefore_o it_o have_v in_o that_o instant_a some_o kind_n of_o intrinsecal_n nature_n and_o somewhat_o in_o it_o which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v of_o that_o nature_n hence_o i_o argue_v thus_o that_o nature_n and_o the_o form_n that_o constitute_v it_o be_v either_o lose_v when_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v and_o then_o it_o be_v intrinsical_o and_o formal_o change_v or_o else_o it_o retain_v that_o nature_n after_o it_o be_v divide_v and_o then_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o that_o mass_n be_v diminish_v that_o be_v change_v according_a to_o its_o extension_n in_o regard_n the_o great_a extension_n of_o that_o original_a mass_n be_v now_o make_v lesle_n and_o yet_o be_v unchanged_a according_a to_o its_o nature_n let_v they_o take_v which_o of_o these_o they_o please_v they_o must_v unavoidable_o yield_v there_o be_v formal_a mutation_n in_o the_o former_a case_n of_o its_o essence_n in_o the_o late_a of_o its_o extension_n and_o a_o formal_a divisibility_n in_o it_o either_o of_o its_o form_n from_o its_o matter_n or_o of_o its_o extension_n from_o its_o nature_n or_o essence_n in_o regard_v it_o be_v by_o motion_n change_v according_a to_o the_o one_o and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o other_o but_o now_o in_o case_n they_o make_v as_o they_o do_v extension_n to_o be_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o matter_n formal_a mutation_n be_v make_v more_o unavoidable_a and_o must_v be_v grant_v even_o by_o themselves_o matter_n 20._o to_o understand_v the_o force_n of_o this_o demonstration_n more_o clear_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o cartesian_o do_v not_o make_v their_o first_o matter_n to_o be_v only_o a_o abstract_a conception_n of_o a_o ens_fw-la or_o body_n as_o it_o have_v in_o it_o a_o power_n to_o have_v a_o form_n and_o so_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n as_o the_o aristotelian_o do_v for_o which_o reason_n they_o right_o and_o acute_o define_v or_o rather_o describe_v it_o as_o thus_o abstract_v by_o our_o consideration_n to_o be_v neque_fw-la quid_fw-la neque_fw-la quantum_fw-la neque_fw-la quale_n neque_fw-la aliquod_fw-la aliud_fw-la eorum_fw-la quibus_fw-la ens_fw-la determinatur_fw-la in_o regard_n that_o as_o thus_o consider_v it_o be_v a_o mere_a power_n to_o be_v any_o of_o they_o or_o all_o of_o they_o that_o be_v none_o of_o they_o actual_o but_o they_o put_v their_o first_o matter_n to_o be_v inform_v otherwise_o they_o can_v not_o put_v it_o to_o have_v extension_n in_o it_o which_o must_v necessary_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v a_o form_n either_o essential_o constitute_v it_o or_o some_o accident_n or_o modification_n of_o some_o thing_n that_o have_v a_o substantial_a form_n whence_o they_o must_v hold_v that_o their_o first_o matter_n be_v a_o ens_fw-la or_o complete_a thing_n that_o be_v complete_o capable_a of_o exist_v which_o appear_v far_o by_o its_o terminate_n the_o action_n of_o creation_n the_o peculiar_a effect_n of_o which_o be_v to_o give_v actual_a be_v which_o conclude_v it_o to_o have_v be_v complete_a under_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la since_o it_o be_v self-evident_a that_o that_o can_v actual_o be_v which_o be_v not_o capable_a to_o be_v that_o be_v which_o be_v not_o a_o ens._n this_o note_n reflect_v on_o it_o be_v manifest_v it_o must_v have_v a_o nature_n of_o its_o own_o and_o somewhat_o in_o it_o to_o constitute_v that_o nature_n or_o some_o essential_a form_n and_o so_o be_v formal_o mutable_a whether_o extension_n be_v that_o form_n or_o no_o as_o be_v deduce_v by_o our_o argument_n §_o 19_o 21._o to_o come_v up_o close_o to_o they_o and_o enforce_v the_o evidence_n of_o our_o argument_n to_o a_o nonplusage_n of_o their_o cause_n we_o ask_v of_o what_o kind_n of_o consistency_n be_v that_o original_a matter_n into_o which_o god_n according_a to_o they_o do_v infuse_v the_o first_o motion_n and_o so_o divide_v it_o the_o very_a term_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o must_v have_v be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n either_o easy_a or_o hard_a to_o be_v divide_v nor_o do_v we_o ask_v the_o precise_a degree_n let_v they_o say_v it_o be_v either_o one_o or_o the_o other_o or_o a_o middle_a degree_n between_o both_o we_o be_v so_o reasonable_a it_o shall_v serve_v the_o turn_n it_o be_v then_o indifferent_a to_o our_o question_n in_o this_o perfect_a silence_n of_o they_o we_o will_v gâ—ess_v as_o well_o as_o we_o can_v at_o what_o they_o shall_v say_v as_o most_o congruous_a to_o their_o doctrine_n and_o so_o we_o will_v suppose_v it_o to_o be_v dense_n we_o inquire_v next_o in_o what_o consist_v this_o modification_n or_o affection_n of_o it_o call_v density_n or_o how_o they_o will_v explicate_v it_o motion_n have_v not_o yet_o begin_v in_o that_o instant_a in_o which_o it_o first_o be_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o they_o put_v all_o quality_n and_o this_o among_o the_o rest_n to_o be_v produce_v if_o they_o shall_v say_v which_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o read_v they_o do_v nor_o so_o much_o as_o speak_v of_o it_o as_o it_o be_v find_v in_o their_o first_o matter_n that_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n it_o be_v reply_v first_o that_o that_o matter_n have_v as_o yet_o no_o part_n for_o these_o be_v make_v by_o
that_o here_o be_v most_o manifest_o a_o divisibility_n between_o the_o nature_n of_o essence_n of_o those_o thing_n and_o these_o intrinsical_a accident_n or_o accidental_a form_n and_o the_o subject_n be_v evident_o change_v by_o natural_a cause_n according_a to_o these_o and_o not_o according_a to_o its_o essence_n or_o nature_n that_o be_v the_o subject_n undergo_v so_o many_o formal_a mutation_n that_o be_v accidental_a and_o let_v they_o explicate_v these_o term_n as_o they_o please_v after_o their_o own_o odd_a manner_n they_o shall_v never_o avoid_v the_o conclusion_n if_o they_o do_v put_v the_o subject_a or_o body_n to_o be_v true_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v otherwise_o than_o it_o be_v and_o yet_o not_o immediate_o cease_v to_o be_v that_o ens_fw-la either_o of_o which_o to_o deny_v be_v to_o bid_v defiance_n to_o mankind_n and_o to_o common_a sense_n 28._o i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v reply_v that_o all_o natural_a body_n be_v compound_v entity_n or_o make_v up_o of_o many_o little_a particle_n which_o put_v together_o move_v and_o place_v commodious_o do_v enable_v they_o to_o perform_v those_o several_a operation_n peculiar_a to_o each_o and_o that_o these_o do_v occasion_n our_o say_n in_o our_o common_a speech_n it_o be_v such_o a_o ens._n and_o that_o therefore_o all_o our_o discourse_n concern_v formal_a mutation_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n since_o all_o may_v be_v explicate_v by_o the_o take_v away_o add_v order_v and_o move_a those_o particle_n after_o such_o or_o such_o a_o manner_n but_o this_o come_v not_o up_o to_o the_o point_n nor_o can_v serve_v they_o to_o escape_v our_o argument_n but_o rather_o plunge_v they_o into_o a_o more_o manifest_a and_o direct_a contradiction_n for_o admit_v that_o each_o compound_v ens_fw-la as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o call_v those_o many_o entity_n or_o at_o least_o a_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o those_o little_a particle_n i_o be_o still_o to_o ask_v they_o whether_o those_o particle_n do_v real_o conspire_v to_o make_v it_o one_o thing_n or_o no_o after_o the_o composition_n that_o be_v whether_o after_o the_o composition_n there_o remain_v only_o one_o actual_a thing_n or_o many_o actual_a thing_n or_o entity_n if_o the_o first_o than_o our_o discourse_n proceed_v with_o the_o same_o force_n for_o then_o since_o this_o one_o ens_fw-la or_o body_n be_v dissolvable_a or_o corruptible_a it_o must_v as_o be_v prove_v above_o have_v somewhat_o in_o it_o that_o remain_v in_o the_o compound_v w_z ch_z be_v to_o be_v make_v out_o of_o it_o which_o we_o call_v matter_n and_o somewhat_o which_o formal_o constitute_v the_o former_a body_n to_o be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o consequent_o which_o do_v not_o remain_v in_o the_o new_a one_o which_o be_v what_o we_o call_v the_o form_n and_o because_o it_o do_v not_o cease_v to_o be_v or_o be_v corrupt_v in_o a_o instant_a the_o former_a subject_n or_o body_n admit_v of_o alteration_n first_o and_o consequent_o there_o be_v mutation_n in_o it_o both_o according_a to_o those_o substantial_a and_o those_o accidental_a form_n but_o if_o they_o say_v as_o i_o fear_v they_o will_v because_o they_o must_v that_o after_o composition_n there_o be_v no_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v true_o one_o but_o many_o or_o if_o they_o say_v that_o after_o composition_n there_o be_v one_o and_o many_o which_o be_v proper_o and_o formal_o entity_n then_o they_o must_v say_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v both_o one_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o yet_o not_o one_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la which_o be_v a_o plain_a contradiction_n for_o it_o affirm_v and_o deny_v contradictory_n of_o the_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o same_o respect_n whereas_o in_o the_o aristotelian_a doctrine_n there_o be_v but_o one_o ens_fw-la actual_o though_o make_v up_o of_o potential_a part_n which_o have_v a_o formal_a divisibility_n between_o they_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o one_o thing_n apt_a to_o verify_v different_a conception_n and_o notion_n which_o as_o be_v say_v above_o partly_o because_o we_o can_v comprehend_v it_o all_o at_o once_o partly_o because_o natural_a cause_n do_v change_v it_o according_a to_o one_o respect_n and_o not_o according_a to_o another_o we_o be_v natural_o force_v to_o make_v of_o it_o now_o to_o make_v the_o subject_n consist_v of_o potential_a part_n destroy_v not_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o compound_v ens_fw-la but_o establish_v it_o for_o to_o say_v it_o be_v potential_o many_o be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o say_v it_o be_v actual_o one_o and_o to_o compound_v a_o ens_fw-la of_o potential_a part_n proper_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la neither_o of_o which_o be_v one_o actual_a part_n before_o be_v to_o make_v that_o ens_fw-la true_o one_o though_o it_o have_v no_o other_o title_n to_o be_v one_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n for_o to_o compound_v a_o ens_fw-la of_o entitatine_a part_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v of_o its_o self_n a_o ens_fw-la be_v as_o plain_o to_o make_v one_o ens_fw-la as_o word_n can_v express_v 29._o but_o to_o put_v they_o past_o this_o evasion_n and_o all_o hope_n of_o elude_v the_o force_n of_o our_o discourse_n by_o allege_v that_o natural_a body_n be_v compound_n i_o have_v purposely_o draw_v my_o chief_a argument_n from_o the_o atom_n or_o molicellae_fw-la as_o gassendus_fw-la call_v they_o of_o epicurus_n and_o from_o that_o original_a mass_n of_o matter_n of_o which_o the_o cartesian_o affirm_v their_o element_n be_v make_v which_o the_o antiperipatetick_n must_v be_v force_v to_o confess_v be_v perfect_o uncompounded_a and_o i_o far_o allege_v that_o as_o many_o quantum_n can_v compound_v one_o quantum_fw-la unless_o they_o be_v unite_v quantitative_o so_o neither_o can_v many_o entity_n such_o those_o distinct_a atom_n and_o particle_n must_v be_v compound_v one_o ens_fw-la unless_o they_o be_v unite_v entitave_o wherefore_o those_o part_n can_v be_v only_o potential_o in_o the_o compound_v as_o our_o matter_n and_o its_o essential_a and_o accidental_a form_n be_v for_o be_v they_o actual_o there_o they_o will_v be_v entitative_o many_o whence_o the_o ens_fw-la make_v up_o of_o those_o many_o actual_a entity_n can_v not_o be_v entitative_o vnum_fw-la or_o one_o ens_fw-la but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o vnum_fw-la which_o be_v divisum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la and_o which_o be_v worst_a to_o complete_a the_o nonsense_n and_o make_v it_o a_o perfect_a contradiction_n it_o will_v be_v in_o the_o same_o respect_n divisum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la in_o which_o it_o be_v vnum_fw-la or_o indivisum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la viz._n in_o ratione_fw-la entis_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v perfect_o chimerical_a 30._o thus_o they_o come_v off_o and_o so_o must_v every_o one_o who_o guide_v himself_o by_o the_o sound_n of_o word_n without_o look_v attentive_o into_o their_o sense_n for_o the_o word_n compound_v be_v in_o reality_n a_o kind_n of_o transcendent_a and_o therefore_o in_o the_o high_a manner_n equivocal_a whence_o while_o out_o of_o slightness_n of_o reason_v and_o not_o hee_v where_o the_o question_n pinch_v they_o take_v the_o word_n in_o a_o vnivocal_a signification_n they_o come_v to_o apprehend_v that_o the_o compound_v many_o entity_n together_o according_a to_o some_o extrinsical_a respect_n such_o as_o be_v situation_n motion_n joynt-action_n and_o such_o like_a be_v the_o same_o as_o to_o compound_v they_o according_a to_o that_o most_o intrinsical_a respect_v call_v substance_n and_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o one_o entitative_o or_o one_o ens._n 31._o and_o let_v it_o be_v note_v that_o this_o discourse_n equal_o confute_v their_o position_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o body_n which_o lead_v they_o into_o innumerable_a error_n and_o the_o absurdity_n in_o make_v these_o two_o to_o be_v one_o compound_v thing_n be_v far_o great_a than_o to_o make_v one_o body_n compound_v of_o those_o particle_n in_o regard_n the_o range_v of_o particle_n may_v at_o least_o make_v one_o artificial_a compound_v v._n g._n a_o house_n though_o not_o a_o natural_a one_o whereas_o a_o spirit_n and_o a_o body_n be_v forbid_v by_o their_o nature_n to_o have_v any_o such_o artificial_a or_o mechanical_a contexture_n but_o must_v unavoidable_o when_o the_o asserter_n of_o this_o tenet_n have_v shift_v and_o explicate_v all_o they_o can_v remain_z two_o actual_a thing_n and_o moreover_o such_o two_o as_o be_v toto_fw-la genere_fw-la distinct_a nor_o consequent_o can_v they_o either_o by_o the_o natural_a or_o artificial_a name_n use_v by_o mankind_n be_v signify_v by_o one_o word_n or_o be_v call_v a_o man_n as_o the_o former_a compound_n can_v be_v call_v a_o house_n or_o a_o clock_n and_o i_o defy_v all_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n to_o invent_v any_o way_n how_o two_o such_o actual_a thing_n can_v have_v any_o coalition_n into_o one_o natural_a thing_n or_o
have_v a_o entitative_a union_n but_o by_o be_v join_v together_o as_o act_n and_o power_n that_o be_v as_o matter_n and_o form_n which_o be_v the_o potential_a part_n of_o a_o ens_fw-la and_o therefore_o be_v apt_a to_o compound_v one_o ens_fw-la in_o regard_n neither_o of_o they_o be_v a_o thing_n actual_o 32._o and_o indeed_o if_o we_o look_v more_o narrow_o into_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o denier_n of_o formal_a mutation_n the_o antiperipatetick_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o have_v perplex_v and_o render_v obscure_a the_o most_o common_a easie_n obvious_a useful_a and_o necessary_a notion_n which_o mankind_n have_v or_o can_v have_v viz._n the_o notion_n of_o a_o thing_n for_o i_o can_v discern_v that_o they_o make_v their_o first_o mass_n of_o matter_n to_o be_v one_o natural_a thing_n unless_o they_o fancy_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o idea_n platonica_fw-la of_o body_n exist_v indeterminate_o or_o in_o common_a for_o they_o put_v the_o form_n of_o it_o to_o be_v extension_n and_o they_o make_v this_o extension_n to_o be_v indeterminate_a that_o be_v not-particular_a that_o be_v to_o be_v extension_n in_o common_a nor_o can_v we_o learn_v of_o they_o what_o kind_n of_o thing_n it_o be_v more_o than_o that_o it_o be_v bare_o thus_o extend_v which_o tell_v we_o indeed_o that_o it_o have_v quantity_n but_o give_v we_o no_o light_n of_o its_o intrinsecal_n nature_n or_o entity_n that_o be_v they_o never_o explicate_v to_o we_o of_o what_o nature_n that_o thing_n be_v which_o be_v extend_v and_o what_o man_n live_v can_v conceive_v a_o body_n which_o have_v neither_o figure_n or_o colour_n density_n or_o rarity_n heat_n or_o cold_a hardness_n or_o softness_n in_o it_o but_o mere_o extension_n again_o i_o can_v see_v that_o they_o put_v those_o little_a particle_n make_v by_o motion_n out_o of_o that_o matter_n to_o be_v natural_a thing_n though_o they_o do_v actual_o and_o distinct_o exist_v in_o nature_n because_o they_o make_v they_o principia_fw-la or_o elementa_fw-la rerum_fw-la naturalium_fw-la and_o the_o element_n of_o which_o thing_n be_v make_v can_v no_o more_o with_o good_a sense_n be_v call_v thing_n than_o letter_n which_o be_v the_o element_n of_o word_n can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v word_n the_o compound_v make_v up_o of_o those_o particle_n they_o do_v indeed_o express_o own_o to_o be_v a_o thing_n but_o by_o make_v it_o consist_v of_o many_o thing_n i_o mean_v those_o particle_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o peculiar_a actual_a existence_n of_o its_o own_o and_o which_o be_v not_o unite_v or_o make_v one_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la but_o only_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o some_o accident_n which_o be_v extrinsical_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la and_o differ_v from_o it_o toto_fw-la genere_fw-la they_o can_v with_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n call_v such_o a_o compound_v a_o thing_n or_o one_o thing_n whence_o according_a to_o their_o hypothesis_n we_o can_v have_v no_o clear_a light_n what_o be_v to_o be_v call_v a_o thing_n or_o what_o the_o word_n thing_n mean_n as_o for_o our_o four_o element_n which_o perhaps_o they_o will_v object_v they_o either_o be_v find_v pure_a and_o out_o of_o the_o compound_v and_o then_o have_v a_o actual_a existence_n of_o their_o own_o they_o be_v true_o thing_n or_o they_o do_v not_o and_o then_o they_o be_v potential_a part_n of_o the_o compound_v in_o which_o they_o be_v which_o and_o only_o which_o exist_v by_o one_o actual_a existence_n which_o show_v it_o to_o be_v one_o thing_n and_o not_o by_o many_o as_o their_o compound_v do_v which_o make_v it_o many_o thing_n at_o least_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o will_v allow_v those_o element_n or_o particle_n to_o be_v 33._o but_o to_o give_v they_o what_o satisfaction_n we_o may_v without_o injury_n to_o truth_n and_o withal_o to_o clear_a the_o true_a aristotelian_a doctrine_n from_o the_o prejudices_fw-la take_v from_o the_o bad_a speculation_n of_o those_o schoolman_n who_o make_v accident_n so_o many_o little_a entity_n distinct_a from_o substance_n we_o will_v confess_v that_o many_o of_o those_o form_n we_o call_v quality_n be_v effluium_n or_o particle_n send_v out_o from_o other_o body_n which_o while_o they_o transient_o affect_v that_o body_n on_o which_o they_o light_v they_o retain_v their_o own_o distinct_a entity_n and_o be_v call_v the_o particle_n or_o virtue_n of_o the_o emittent_a body_n affect_v another_o body_n that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o but_o when_o they_o gain_v a_o permanency_n there_o and_o by_o continuity_n of_o quantity_n or_o similitude_n of_o nature_n or_o any_o other_o cause_n they_o come_v to_o be_v natural_o unite_v to_o it_o and_o assist_v it_o in_o its_o proper_a operation_n they_o lose_v their_o actual_a entity_n and_o unity_n which_o they_o have_v former_o and_o become_v a_o potential_a part_n of_o the_o subject_a that_o be_v passive_a from_o they_o and_o exist_v and_o subsist_v in_o it_o and_o because_o the_o notion_n of_o form_n be_v to_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o subject_a or_o matter_n and_o those_o particle_n advene_v to_o it_o already_o exist_v they_o be_v hence_o call_v accidental_a form_n of_o it_o and_o either_o give_v it_o such_o a_o alterableness_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n as_o be_v see_v in_o passable_a quality_n or_o sometime_o if_o they_o suit_n with_o the_o primogenial_a constitution_n of_o that_o body_n they_o strengthen_v and_o belong_v to_o some_o habit_n disposition_n power_n or_o property_n of_o it_o and_o piece_n out_o as_o it_o be_v those_o quality_n and_o in_o some_o degree_n or_o other_o denominate_v the_o subject_a thus_o or_o thus_o qualify_v 34._o but_o to_o make_v it_o yet_o more_o manifest_a how_o industrious_o the_o cartesian_o do_v wave_v the_o give_v any_o account_n of_o their_o first_o matter_n of_o which_o notwithstanding_o they_o hold_v all_o their_o three_o element_n and_o consequent_o all_o nature_n be_v make_v we_o will_v take_v notice_n of_o one_o prevarication_n of_o they_o more_o which_o do_v evident_o bewray_v at_o what_o a_o plunge_n they_o be_v about_o it_o by_o omit_v that_o consideration_n which_o even_o by_o their_o own_o doctrine_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o necessary_a they_o affirm_v that_o matter_n of_o they_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v first_o by_o god_n into_o great_a part_n which_o again_o be_v move_v or_o jumble_v one_o against_o another_o do_v shave_v or_o wear_v off_o every_o small_a particle_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o which_o their_o first_o element_n be_v make_v division_n then_o be_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a physical_a action_n and_o that_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o frame_v all_o nature_n nay_o in_o case_n there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n as_o they_o grant_v there_o be_v not_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o first_o motion_n and_o which_o be_v exercise_v immediate_o upon_o their_o matter_n as_o also_o all_o the_o follow_a motion_n exercise_v upon_o the_o say_a matter_n be_v division_n now_o divisibility_n of_o the_o matter_n be_v the_o proper_a power_n that_o answer_v to_o the_o act_n of_o division_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o to_o motion_n and_o withal_o direct_o speak_v the_o nature_n of_o their_o matter_n as_o apt_a to_o be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o those_o cause_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a they_o shall_v slip_v over_o that_o and_o regard_v only_o the_o extension_n of_o it_o divisibility_n be_v a_o natural_a notion_n and_o import_v a_o order_n to_o natural_a action_n whereas_o extension_n be_v a_o dull_a sluggish_a notion_n and_o mere_o mathematical_a that_o be_v it_o do_v abstract_a from_o action_n and_o motion_n both_o for_o a_o extend_v thing_n be_v never_o the_o more_o or_o less_o extend_v whether_o it_o move_v or_o stand_v still_o but_o its_o whole_a nature_n and_o notion_n be_v take_v up_o in_o affect_v its_o own_o subject_a or_o extend_v it_o equal_o and_o all_o one_o whether_o it_o act_v or_o not_o act_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o wilful_a neglect_n be_v this_o that_o though_o they_o grant_v it_o to_o have_v be_v divide_v yet_o shall_v they_o tell_v we_o it_o be_v thus_o divisible_a common_a reason_n will_v lead_v we_o to_o pose_v they_o with_o ask_v whether_o it_o be_v easy_o or_o hardly_o divisible_a that_o be_v rare_a or_o dense_n of_o which_o quality_n in_o their_o matter_n antecedent_o to_o motion_n and_o the_o contexture_n of_o the_o particle_n make_v by_o that_o motion_n their_o principle_n can_v give_v no_o kind_n of_o account_n nor_o possible_o explicate_v they_o 35._o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o they_o foresee_v this_o rub_n in_o their_o way_n which_o hinder_v the_o currency_n of_o all_o their_o doctrine_n of_o physics_n and_o see_v they_o can_v not_o remove_v it_o they_o very_o fair_o let_v it_o alone_o yet_o for_o a_o show_n they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o word_n but_o they_o
physics_n to_o give_v we_o a_o piece_n of_o mere_a mathematics_n for_o bare_a extension_n fit_v it_o for_o no_o other_o science_n nor_o be_v we_o mistake_v in_o think_v so_o for_o he_o tell_v we_o express_o 24._o that_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v one_o part_n of_o the_o mathematics_n though_o the_o abstraction_n which_o in_o the_o place_n now_o mention_v he_o assign_v to_o quantity_n as_o a_o genus_fw-la be_v very_o odd_a and_o illogical_a for_o the_o abstraction_n of_o quantity_n from_o the_o thing_n or_o from_o motion_n be_v a_o abstraction_n of_o the_o accident_n from_o the_o subject_a or_o from_o another_o accident_n and_o therefore_o be_v quite_o another_o kind_n of_o abstraction_n than_o that_o of_o the_o genus_fw-la from_o the_o species_n and_o it_o look_v as_o if_o they_o hankered_a after_o plato_n explode_a conceit_n of_o a_o subsistent_a universal_a and_o that_o they_o will_v have_v their_o first_o matter_n contrary_a to_o all_o logic_n and_o good_a sense_n to_o be_v a_o body_n in_o common_a and_o therefore_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o all_o particular_a body_n nor_o can_v any_o thing_n sound_v more_o awkward_o then_o to_o make_v a_o mathematical_a treatise_n of_o physics_n but_o cartesius_n be_v a_o great_a master_n of_o mathematics_n than_o he_o be_v of_o physics_n and_o therefore_o have_v a_o vast_a design_n to_o reduce_v all_o nature_n and_o all_o philosophy_n within_o the_o purlew_n of_o his_o own_o art_n in_o which_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v he_o be_v very_o excellent_a 39_o but_o to_o lay_v yet_o a_o great_a force_n upon_o their_o backwardness_n to_o admit_v a_o formal_a change_n in_o body_n we_o come_v now_o to_o more_o palpable_a and_o plain_a instance_n not_o fetch_v from_o metaphysic_n but_o from_o obvious_a effect_n in_o nature_n which_o every_o man_n see_v and_o themselves_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v let_v we_o then_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n a_o young_a lately-planted_n oak_n grow_v in_o a_o nursery_n which_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n spread_v itself_o into_o a_o vast_a tree_n dilate_v its_o large_a and_o massy_a branch_n on_o all_o side_n and_o over-shadowing_a a_o spacious_a extent_n of_o ground_n can_v any_o man_n deny_v but_o that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o the_o same_o tree_n it_o be_v at_o first_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v most_o evident_o not_o the_o same_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v now_o a_o thousand_o time_n great_a than_o it_o be_v former_o it_o be_v manifest_a then_o that_o here_o be_v a_o real_a divisibility_n between_o its_o quantity_n and_o its_o entity_n or_o substance_n and_o a_o real_a mutation_n according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o quantity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o a_o infant_n grow_v up_o to_o be_v a_o man_n which_o when_o it_o be_v now_o bigger_n in_o quantity_n shall_v they_o deny_v to_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n or_o the_o same_o man_n it_o will_v make_v mad_a work_n in_o the_o world_n by_o take_v away_o title_n of_o inheritance_n and_o alter_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o infant_n may_v perhaps_o retain_v his_o title_n for_o some_o very_a small_a time_n but_o the_o identity_n of_o it_o be_v lose_v by_o the_o accrue_n of_o new_a matter_n and_o new_a quantity_n he_o have_v forfeit_v his_o estate_n ever_o he_o come_v at_o age_n to_o understand_v or_o manage_v it_o by_o lose_v his_o essenee_n 41._o i_o know_v that_o our_o late_a philosopher_n will_v hope_v to_o evade_v this_o last_o instance_n by_o allege_v that_o the_o numerical_a identity_n of_o a_o man_n spring_v from_o his_o have_v the_o same_o soul_n which_o tenet_n be_v it_o proper_a to_o confute_v it_o here_o will_v prove_v as_o unreasonable_a and_o ill-grounded_a as_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n i_o only_o note_v on_o the_o by_o that_o as_o it_o become_v god_n wisdom_n as_o he_o be_v author_n of_o nature_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o course_n of_o cause_n by_o fit_a disposition_n to_o the_o production_n of_o far_a and_o more_o noble_a effect_n and_o consequent_o to_o suit_n and_o proportion_n what_o supervene_v to_o what_o prae-exists_a and_o the_o embryo_n in_o our_o case_n praeexi_v and_o by_o have_v such_o disposition_n in_o it_o as_o make_v it_o fit_a to_o concur_v on_o its_o part_n to_o work_v rational_o to_o such_o a_o degree_n make_v it_o require_v to_o have_v for_o its_o form_n such_o a_o rational_a soul_n join_v with_o it_o and_o thence_o determine_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o infuse_v it_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o thing_n be_v quite_o contrary_a to_o what_o they_o imagine_v viz._n that_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v adjust_v and_o proportion_v to_o the_o exigency_n of_o the_o bodily_a part_n and_o that_o therefore_o the_o soul_n be_v determinate_o such_o or_o of_o such_o a_o determinate_a degree_n of_o rationality_n which_o essential_o and_o numerical_o distinguish_v soul_n and_o man_n from_o one_o another_o as_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v infuse_v into_o and_o work_v with_o such_o a_o body_n and_o be_v not_o this_o so_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o explicate_v how_o original_a sin_n be_v connatural_o transfuse_v from_o adam_n or_o how_o the_o soul_n become_v taint_v by_o be_v unite_v to_o a_o body_n make_v 14.4_o ex_fw-la immundo_fw-la semine_fw-la but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o only_a ill_a consequence_n that_o spring_v from_o this_o extravagant_a tenet_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o the_o body_n or_o that_o man_n be_v in_o reality_n compound_v of_o two_o actual_a thing_n and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v place_v in_o any_o one_o line_n of_o the_o predicament_n of_o ens_fw-la or_o substance_n for_o that_o odd_a opinion_n do_v beside_o very_o much_o favour_n at_o least_o very_o well_o consist_v with_o the_o praeexistence_n of_o soul_n because_o if_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o proportion_v to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o corporeal_a part_n of_o man_n and_o so_o be_v true_o the_o form_n of_o it_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o assistant_n spirit_n only_o apt_a to_o join_v with_o it_o and_o promote_v it_o in_o its_o operation_n it_o may_v as_o well_o exist_v before_o the_o body_n as_o after_o it_o whence_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a for_o they_o to_o assign_v any_o solid_a reason_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o a_o spirit_n since_o it_o may_v indifferent_o fit_v other_o body_n or_o assist_v more_o of_o they_o why_o there_o may_v not_o be_v also_o a_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n from_o one_o man_n to_o another_o for_o it_o will_v be_v in_o that_o case_n no_o more_o but_o shift_v their_o office_n and_o assist_v now_o one_o of_o they_o then_o another_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o this_o doctrine_n as_o be_v discourse_v in_o the_o preface_n tend_v to_o introduce_v a_o kind_n of_o fanaticism_n into_o the_o philosophy_n school_n by_o make_v all_o their_o thought_n run_v upon_o nothing_o but_o spiritual_a conceit_n and_o innate_a idea_n and_o have_v a_o spiritual_a communication_n with_o god_n when_o they_o know_v any_o natural_a truth_n after_o a_o unintelligible_a manner_n not_o consider_v that_o man_n in_o this_o mortal_a state_n here_o be_v true_o one_o part_n or_o piece_n of_o nature_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o impression_n of_o natural_a cause_n affect_v he_o both_z as_o to_o his_o corporeal_a and_o spiritual_a capacity_n according_a to_o the_o different_a nature_n of_o those_o different_a recipient_n 41._o but_o to_o return_v whence_o we_o divert_v let_v man_n and_o his_o individuality_n alone_o what_o can_v they_o say_v to_o the_o former_a instance_n of_o a_o young_a oak_n or_o of_o any_o other_o vegetable_a or_o animal_n increase_v to_o its_o full_a growth_n which_o all_o mankind_n agree_v to_o be_v still_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o yet_o not_o the_o same_o in_o quantity_n it_o be_v not_o hence_o unanswerable_o evident_a that_o there_o be_v a_o formal_a mutation_n according_a to_o its_o quantity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o its_o entity_n and_o therefore_o a_o formal_a composition_n and_o divisibility_n in_o it_o according_a to_o those_o two_o respect_n they_o can_v say_v they_o be_v the_o same_o physical_o or_o the_o same_o physical_a compound_v for_o since_o all_o natural_a body_n according_a to_o their_o doctrine_n be_v make_v sole_o of_o their_o first_o matter_n or_o of_o the_o particle_n make_v of_o it_o where_o there_o be_v incomparable_o more_o matter_n there_o must_v be_v a_o new-compound_a or_o a_o new_a body_n in_o regard_n more_o and_o less_o must_v be_v the_o difference_n of_o every_o notion_n in_o the_o same_o line_n as_o have_v be_v demonstrate_v wherefore_o more_o or_o less_o of_o the_o matter_n it_o be_v inform_v and_o so_o true_o a_o ens_fw-la or_o a_o body_n ought_v to_o outweigh_v in_o constitute_v particular_a body_n or_o entity_n all_o consideration_n of_o accidental_a notion_n or_o modification_n of_o