morrow_n he_o begin_v a_o ship_n and_o in_o twenty_o day_n finish_v it_o the_o twenty_o fifth_z he_o set_v sail_n and_o after_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o day_n be_v cast_v upon_o the_o island_n of_o corfu_n there_o he_o tarry_v three_o day_n with_o alcinous_n all_o this_o make_v one_o and_o fifty_o day_n from_o the_o first_o open_v of_o the_o poem_n to_o the_o arrival_n of_o ulysses_n in_o his_o own_o country_n eight_o and_o twenty_o of_o they_o he_o spend_v with_o calypso_n reckon_v the_o four_o that_o precede_v the_o build_n of_o his_o ship_n three_o and_o twenty_o day_n more_o he_o be_v upon_o his_o journey_n part_n of_o which_o he_o spend_v at_o sea_n and_o part_n with_o alcinous_n a_o night_n after_o he_o arrive_v in_o ithaca_n four_o day_n he_o remain_v incognito_o at_o eumeus_n country_n house_n on_o the_o five_o he_o go_v to_o his_o own_o palace_n where_o he_o be_v in_o disguise_n two_o day_n take_v a_o account_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v and_o square_n his_o action_n according_o the_o next_o night_n he_o kill_v his_o rival_n and_o on_o the_o morrow_n make_v a_o end_n of_o discover_v himself_o and_o re-adjusting_a all_o his_o affair_n therefore_o add_v these_o seven_o day_n to_o the_o one_o and_o fifty_o before_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o narration_n in_o this_o poem_n amount_v to_o eight_o and_o fifty_o day_n as_o for_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o poet_n give_v we_o a_o occasion_n to_o guess_v something_o about_o it_o in_o the_o iliad_n where_o there_o be_v more_o action_n and_o violence_n the_o day_n be_v long_o than_o the_o night_n and_o the_o season_n very_o hot_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a homer_n have_v assign_v long_o and_o cool_a night_n to_o the_o prudence_n of_o ulysses_n place_v the_o maturity_n of_o autumn_n in_o the_o odysseis_n as_o he_o have_v the_o contagious_a heat_n of_o the_o summer_n in_o the_o iliad_n the_o practice_n of_o homer_n then_o be_v without_o doubt_n to_o reduce_v the_o duration_n of_o the_o epic_a narration_n into_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o campaign_n of_o a_o few_o month_n but_o the_o difficulty_n of_o know_v the_o design_n and_o intention_n of_o virgil_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v question_v whether_o one_o may_v not_o advance_v it_o to_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o whole_a year_n or_o more_o and_o whether_o the_o winter_n season_n ought_v in_o reason_n to_o be_v exclude_v thence_o i_o find_v myself_o insensible_o engage_v in_o the_o examen_fw-la of_o this_o particular_a question_n i_o find_v it_o a_o great_a deal_n large_a than_o i_o imagine_v and_o i_o have_v discourse_v very_o ample_o upon_o it_o from_o whence_o several_a thing_n may_v be_v deduce_v that_o in_o my_o mind_n be_v of_o no_o small_a use_n for_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o aeneid_n i_o here_o propose_v this_o question_n about_o the_o time_n by_o way_n of_o problem_n and_o free_o leave_v other_o to_o determine_v and_o judge_v what_o they_o please_v but_o yet_o i_o say_v that_o in_o this_o uncertainty_n two_o reason_n rather_o incline_v i_o to_o a_o single_a campaign_n than_o a_o whole_a year_n the_o first_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o homer_n which_o the_o latin_a poet_n common_o propose_v as_o his_o exemplar_n and_o who_o by_o wise_a man_n have_v be_v esteem_v the_o most_o excellent_a model_n for_o poet_n to_o imitate_v this_o reason_n make_v so_o much_o the_o more_o for_o i_o in_o this_o treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n because_o it_o be_v found_v upon_o that_o relation_n that_o be_v observable_a between_o the_o practice_n of_o virgil_n and_o that_o of_o homer_n the_o rule_n of_o horace_n and_o those_o of_o aristotle_n the_o other_o reason_n be_v still_o more_o to_o my_o purpose_n and_o that_o be_v that_o this_o reduce_n of_o it_o to_o one_o single_a campaign_n be_v more_o conformable_a to_o that_o idea_n i_o have_v propose_v concern_v the_o fable_n and_o the_o design_n of_o virgil_n in_o this_o poem_n we_o have_v already_o consider_v aeneas_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o roman_n religion_n he_o be_v so_o exact_a in_o observe_v all_o the_o ceremony_n which_o be_v perform_v for_o the_o dead_a that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o colour_n he_o shall_v omit_v one_o so_o considerable_a as_o be_v that_o of_o mourn_v especial_o for_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n for_o which_o he_o spare_v no_o cost_n this_o high_a veneration_n he_o have_v for_o he_o make_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a quality_n of_o his_o character_n and_o almost_o throughout_o the_o whole_a regulate_v the_o general_a character_n of_o the_o poem_n now_o the_o mourn_a of_o the_o roman_n consist_v in_o two_o thing_n the_o one_o be_v its_o duration_n which_o last_v ten_o month_n the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o roman_n in_o this_o ominous_a and_o inauspicious_a time_n never_o undertake_v any_o thing_n of_o consequence_n how_o then_o can_v aeneas_n dare_v to_o undertake_v his_o settlement_n in_o italy_n which_o be_v then_o a_o business_n of_o the_o high_a consequence_n to_o he_o so_o then_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o stay_v in_o sicily_n full_a ten_o month_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n and_o have_v stay_v less_o than_o two_o month_n at_o carthage_n he_o return_v to_o sicily_n to_o celebrate_v the_o anniversary_n of_o his_o death_n on_o the_o same_o day_n he_o arrive_v there_o this_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o expression_n of_o the_o poet_n which_o we_o have_v already_o cite_v for_o the_o anniversary_n happen_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o seven_o summer_n a_o little_a more_o than_o a_o month_n after_o the_o solstice_n and_o rise_n of_o orion_n aeneas_n then_o leave_v sicily_n in_o summer_n during_o the_o rise_n of_o this_o constellation_n which_o raise_v the_o tempest_n in_o the_o first_o book_n he_o can_v not_o leave_v it_o the_o same_o summer_n anchises_n die_v but_o must_v needs_o have_v leave_v sicily_n the_o summer_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o seven_o as_o the_o poet_n say_v and_o the_o same_o in_o which_o he_o return_v to_o the_o anniversary_n by_o this_o mean_n he_o must_v needs_o have_v pass_v the_o autumn_n the_o winter_n and_o the_o spring_n in_o sicily_n and_o have_v tarry_v there_o more_o than_o nine_o month_n before_o his_o part_n for_o carthage_n but_o he_o go_v out_o and_o come_v back_o again_o to_o it_o the_o same_o summer_n in_o the_o other_o opinion_n i_o neither_o find_v the_o conformity_n of_o virgil_n with_o homer_n nor_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o roman_a mourn_v to_o which_o i_o real_o think_v aeneas_n be_v oblige_v as_o much_o as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o other_o ceremony_n in_o which_o he_o be_v so_o punctual_a but_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v for_o i_o may_v not_o perhaps_o make_v for_o other_o i_o only_o propose_v they_o as_o i_o be_v oblige_v it_o be_v for_o philosopher_n and_o critic_n to_o examine_v thing_n to_o propose_v reason_n and_o to_o make_v they_o intelligible_a and_o it_o be_v for_o the_o reader_n to_o draw_v his_o inference_n mounseur_fw-fr bossu's_fw-fr treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n book_n iu._n concern_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n chap._n i._o concern_v the_o manner_n in_o general_n under_o the_o name_n of_o manner_n we_o comprehend_v all_o the_o natural_a or_o acquire_v inclination_n which_o carry_v we_o on_o to_o good_a bad_a or_o indifferent_a action_n this_o definition_n contain_v three_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v the_o manner_n themselves_o which_o we_o call_v inclination_n whether_o they_o have_v their_o source_n and_o origin_n in_o our_o soul_n such_o as_o the_o love_n of_o science_n and_o virtue_n or_o whether_o they_o proceed_v from_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o body_n as_o anger_n and_o the_o rest_n which_o we_o have_v in_o common_a with_o the_o brute_n the_o second_o thing_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o manner_n which_o be_v either_o nature_n or_o our_o choice_n and_o industry_n according_a as_o they_o be_v either_o natural_a or_o acquire_v the_o three_o thing_n be_v the_o effect_n of_o the_o manner_n namely_o action_n whether_o good_a as_o that_o of_o aeneas_n or_o bad_a as_o that_o of_o achilles_n or_o indifferent_a as_o that_o of_o ulysses_n those_o manner_n be_v good_a which_o incline_v we_o to_o virtue_n and_o virtuous_a action_n those_o bad_a which_o incline_v we_o to_o vice_n and_o sin_n and_o those_o be_v indifferent_a which_o incline_v we_o to_o indifferent_a quality_n and_o action_n a_o right_a distinction_n shall_v be_v make_v between_o real_a virtue_n and_o those_o that_o appear_v such_o and_o be_v only_o mere_a quality_n the_o real_a virtue_n such_o as_o piety_n prudence_n and_o the_o like_a make_v those_o who_o be_v master_n of_o they_o good_a praiseworthy_a and_o honest-man_n but_o real_a vice_n such_o as_o impiety_n injustice_n fraud_n and_o the_o like_a corrupt_a and_o vitiate_v those_o who_o be_v taint_v with_o they_o
love_n the_o ambition_n and_o the_o valour_n of_o turnus_n this_o last_o supply_v he_o with_o a_o great_a many_o episodes_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o war_n aeneas_n meet_v with_o in_o italy_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o seven_o book_n and_o be_v not_o over_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o poem_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o episodes_n of_o the_o aeneid_n be_v deduce_v from_o the_o fable_n and_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o the_o action_n the_o second_o thing_n we_o say_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o action_n be_v the_o unity_n and_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o episodes_n with_o one_o another_o for_o beside_o that_o relation_n and_o proportion_n which_o all_o the_o member_n ought_v to_o have_v with_o one_o another_o so_o as_o to_o constitute_v but_o one_o body_n which_o shall_v be_v homogeneous_a in_o all_o its_o part_n it_o be_v require_v far_o that_o these_o member_n shall_v be_v not_o contiguous_a as_o if_o they_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o clap_v together_o again_o but_o uninterrupted_a and_o due_o connect_v without_o this_o the_o natural_a member_n will_v not_o make_v up_o that_o union_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o constitute_v a_o body_n the_o continuity_n and_o situation_n of_o episodes_n be_v not_o exact_a when_o they_o only_o follow_v one_o another_o but_o they_o shall_v be_v place_v one_o after_o another_o so_o as_o the_o first_o shall_v either_o be_v necessary_o or_o probable_o the_o cause_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 8._o aristotle_n find_v fault_n with_o incident_n that_o be_v without_o any_o consequence_n or_o connexion_n and_o he_o say_v that_o the_o poem_n wherein_o such_o sort_n of_o episodes_n be_v offend_v against_o the_o unity_n of_o action_n he_o bring_v as_o a_o instance_n of_o this_o defect_n the_o wound_n which_o ulysses_n receive_v upon_o parnassus_n and_o the_o folly_n he_o counterfeit_v before_o the_o grecian_a prince_n because_o one_o of_o these_o incident_n can_v not_o have_v happen_v as_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o other_o homer_n can_v not_o have_v give_v they_o a_o necessary_a connexion_n and_o continuity_n nor_o have_v he_o spoil_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o odysseïs_n by_o such_o a_o mixture_n but_o he_o give_v we_o a_o complete_a instance_n of_o the_o continuity_n we_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o method_n whereby_o he_o have_v connect_v the_o two_o part_n of_o his_o iliad_n which_o be_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n against_o agamemnon_n and_o the_o anger_n of_o the_o same_o hero_n against_o hector_n the_o poet_n will_v not_o have_v due_o connect_v these_o two_o episodes_n if_o before_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n achilles_n have_v be_v less_o inexorable_a and_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o satisfaction_n agamemnon_n offer_v he_o this_o will_v have_v make_v two_o anger_n be_v and_o two_o revenge_n quite_o different_a from_o and_o independent_a of_o one_o another_o and_o though_o both_o have_v be_v necessary_a and_o essential_a to_o the_o fable_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v what_o mischief_n discord_n and_o what_o advantage_n concord_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o yet_o the_o unity_n will_v have_v be_v only_o in_o the_o fable_n but_o the_o action_n will_v have_v be_v double_a and_o episodical_a because_o the_o first_o episode_n will_v not_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o second_o nor_o the_o second_o a_o consequence_n of_o the_o first_o these_o two_o part_n of_o the_o ilay_v be_v join_v together_o very_o regular_o if_o achilles_n have_v never_o fall_v out_o with_o agamemnon_n he_o will_v have_v fight_v in_o person_n and_o not_o have_v expose_v his_o friend_n single_o against_o hector_n under_o those_o arm_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o young_a man_n rashness_n and_o death_n and_o beside_o the_o better_a to_o join_v these_o two_o part_n with_o one_o another_o the_o second_o be_v begin_v a_o great_a while_n before_o one_o see_v what_o event_n the_o first_o ought_v to_o have_v all_o the_o article_n of_o the_o reconciliation_n be_v propose_v and_o one_o may_v say_v that_o this_o reconciliation_n with_o respect_n to_o agamemnon_n be_v make_v before_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n and_o even_o before_o it_o be_v ever_o think_v of_o expose_v he_o to_o a_o battle_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o want_v but_o achilles_n consent_n and_o since_o that_o be_v not_o give_v till_o the_o death_n of_o patroclus_n have_v make_v he_o resolve_v upon_o that_o of_o hector_n it_o may_v be_v true_o affirm_v that_o the_o anger_n and_o the_o revenge_n of_o achilles_n against_o hector_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o poem_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o the_o reconciliation_n which_o finish_v the_o first_o part_n but_o for_o the_o unity_n of_o a_o body_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o that_o all_o its_o member_n be_v natural_a and_o due_o unite_v and_o compact_v together_o it_o be_v far_a requisite_a that_o each_o member_n shall_v be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o member_n a_o imperfect_a part_n and_o not_o a_o finish_v complete_a body_n this_o be_v the_o three_o qualification_n we_o say_v be_v necessary_a to_o preserve_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o doctrine_n we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o a_o action_n may_v be_v entire_a and_o complete_a two_o way_n the_o first_o be_v by_o perfect_o complete_n it_o and_o make_v it_o absolute_o entire_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o principal_a person_n that_o be_v interest_v therein_o and_o in_o the_o principal_a circumstance_n which_o be_v employ_v about_o it_o the_o second_o way_n be_v by_o complete_n it_o only_o with_o respect_n to_o some_o person_n and_o in_o some_o circumstance_n that_o be_v less_o principal_a this_o second_o way_n preserve_v the_o action_n in_o its_o regular_a unity_n the_o other_o destroy_v it_o we_o will_v give_v you_o a_o instance_n of_o each_o the_o greek_n be_v assemble_v together_o to_o revenge_v the_o affront_n offer_v to_o menelaus_n and_o to_o force_v the_o trojan_n to_o restore_v he_o his_o wife_n who_o paris_n have_v steal_v away_o there_o happen_v a_o difference_n between_o agamemnon_n and_o achilles_n this_o last_o be_v high_o incense_v abandon_v the_o common_a cause_n and_o withdraw_v himself_o so_o that_o in_o his_o absence_n agamemnon_n army_n be_v worsted_n by_o the_o trojan_n but_o the_o boldness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o king_n put_v he_o upon_o engage_v the_o enemy_n without_o achilles_n away_o he_o march_v to_o give_v they_o a_o general_a assault_n with_o all_o his_o force_n the_o fight_n begin_v with_o the_o duel_n between_o menelaus_n and_o paris_n they_o sight_n without_o second_o upon_o condition_n that_o helen_n shall_v be_v the_o conquerour_n and_o the_o war_n decide_v by_o this_o combat_n though_o the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o combat_n and_o whatever_o interest_n he_o may_v have_v therein_o yet_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o menelaus_n paris_n and_o helen_n be_v so_o far_o the_o principal_a personage_n concern_v that_o if_o this_o action_n have_v be_v finish_v with_o respect_n to_o they_o it_o will_v have_v be_v quite_o finish_v it_o will_v not_o have_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o action_n and_o of_o the_o revenge_n of_o achilles_n but_o a_o complete_a action_n which_o will_v have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o revenge_n and_o render_v the_o anger_n of_o this_o hero_n ineffectual_a therefore_o homer_n have_v not_o finish_v this_o action_n paris_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o escape_v and_o menelaus_n be_v wound_v with_o a_o dart_n by_o pandarus_n by_o this_o mean_v achilles_n begin_v to_o be_v revenge_v and_o this_o incident_a become_v a_o exact_a episode_n virgil_n have_v manage_v the_o episode_n of_o dido_n another_o way_n he_o have_v finish_v it_o so_o that_o the_o union_n of_o his_o main_a action_n be_v as_o regular_a as_o the_o art_n of_o poetry_n require_v the_o address_n of_o this_o great_a poet_n consist_v in_o order_v it_o so_o that_o dido_n in_o who_o this_o incident_a be_v complete_a be_v not_o the_o chief_a personage_n and_o her_o marriage_n be_v only_o a_o simple_a circumstance_n of_o a_o action_n that_o be_v not_o finish_v and_o yet_o be_v the_o soul_n and_o the_o only_a foundation_n of_o this_o particular_a action_n in_o a_o word_n aeneas_n be_v the_o hero_n of_o this_o episode_n which_o be_v only_o invent_v to_o retard_v the_o settlement_n of_o this_o hero_n in_o italy_n this_o be_v manifest_a if_o we_o will_v but_o reflect_v on_o what_o the_o skill_n and_o care_n of_o the_o poet_n have_v leave_v we_o about_o it_o juno_n who_o carry_v on_o all_o this_o intrigue_n be_v very_o little_o concern_v for_o dido_n happiness_n if_o she_o have_v love_v she_o so_o well_o she_o shall_v have_v divert_v the_o trojan_a fleet_n from_o her_o coast_n upon_o which_o place_n she_o herself_o do_v cast_v they_o 4._o which_o be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o queen_n misery_n
very_a well_o separate_v these_o two_o nature_n from_o one_o another_o and_o say_v that_o the_o fable_n be_v that_o which_o constitute_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o epopéa_n and_o that_o the_o poem_n tell_v we_o how_o to_o manage_v the_o fable_n and_o comprehend_v the_o thought_n the_o expression_n and_o the_o verse_n the_o matter_n of_o it_o be_v a_o action_n feign_v with_o probability_n and_o draw_v from_o the_o action_n of_o king_n prince_n and_o go_n this_o tell_v we_o two_o thing_n the_o action_n and_o the_o person_n and_o therein_o it_o do_v not_o at_o all_o differ_v from_o tragedy_n the_o form_n of_o it_o be_v that_o the_o person_n be_v not_o here_o introduce_v to_o the_o spectator_n view_n act_v by_o themselves_o without_o the_o poet_n as_o in_o tragedy_n but_o that_o the_o action_n be_v recite_v by_o the_o poet._n the_o end_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n be_v to_o lay_v down_o moral_a instruction_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n both_o in_o general_a and_o in_o particular_a this_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o poem_n as_o it_o be_v a_o fable_n it_o contain_v the_o moral_a which_o serve_v for_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o fable_n and_o beside_o that_o it_o contain_v the_o manner_n of_o those_o personage_n who_o make_v some_o considerable_a figure_n in_o the_o poem_n last_o as_o the_o form_n include_v the_o person_n of_o the_o poet_n who_o make_v the_o rehearsal_n so_o do_v the_o end_n comprehend_v the_o person_n of_o the_o audience_n for_o who_o the_o poet_n design_n his_o instruction_n all_o these_o thing_n will_v make_v up_o the_o subject-matter_n of_o this_o treatise_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a they_o shall_v be_v all_o handle_v with_o the_o same_o particularity_n and_o exactness_n some_o will_v very_o natural_o fall_v under_o other_o as_o that_o will_v for_o instance_n which_o we_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v the_o poet_n and_o his_o audience_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o end_n and_o the_o moral_a apart_o will_v require_v too_o vast_a a_o compass_n i_o shall_v content_v myself_o to_o speak_v thereof_o in_o speak_v of_o the_o fable_n and_o in_o other_o place_n where_o the_o necessary_a connexion_n of_o that_o part_n with_o the_o rest_n will_v afford_v i_o just_a occasion_n of_o speak_v as_o much_o of_o it_o as_o be_v requisite_a for_o my_o purpose_n aristotle_n divide_v the_o thought_n and_o expression_n into_o two_o part_n as_o be_v very_o requisite_a but_o so_o many_o author_n have_v handle_v these_o thing_n and_o so_o copious_o too_o that_o i_o think_v myself_o excuse_v from_o repeat_v and_o copy_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o other_o arts._n i_o will_v leave_v these_o thing_n then_o to_o the_o rhetorician_n grammarian_n and_o to_o those_o who_o have_v write_v so_o much_o about_o they_o even_o in_o poetry_n itself_o so_o that_o the_o little_a i_o have_v to_o say_v will_v be_v comprise_v in_o one_o part_n and_o my_o unwillingness_n to_o be_v copious_a be_v the_o reason_n which_o oblige_v i_o to_o speak_v still_o less_o of_o the_o poem_n and_o versification_n but_o i_o shall_v write_v very_o full_o of_o the_o fable_n as_o be_v the_o most_o essential_a part_n of_o the_o epopéa_n so_o likewise_o i_o shall_v concern_v it_o a_o form_n and_o its_o matter_n nay_o more_o i_o shall_v handle_v distinct_o the_o moral_n of_o the_o person_n and_o last_o i_o shall_v distinguish_v the_o god_n from_o the_o men._n the_o god_n be_v usual_o express_v by_o the_o name_n of_o machine_n because_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o such_o to_o let_v they_o down_o upon_o the_o theatre_n from_o whence_o the_o epopéa_n have_v likewise_o borrow_v the_o name_n according_a to_o this_o account_n this_o treatise_n will_v be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n or_o book_n the_o first_o will_v be_v concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n where_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o fable_n the_o second_o book_n will_v treat_v of_o the_o matter_n or_o of_o the_o epic_a action_n the_o three_o of_o the_o form_n or_o the_o narration_n the_o four_o of_o the_o manner_n and_o character_n of_o humane_a personage_n the_o five_o of_o machine_n or_o of_o the_o presence_n and_o action_n of_o the_o go_n and_o the_o six_o of_o the_o thought_n and_o expression_n chap._n v._o of_o the_o poem_n a_o poem_n be_v a_o discourse_n in_o verse_n and_o a_o verse_n be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o discourse_n measure_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o long_a and_o short_a syllable_n with_o a_o grateful_a cadence_n that_o be_v constant_o repeat_v this_o repetition_n be_v necessary_a to_o distinguish_v the_o notion_n we_o have_v of_o verse_n from_o that_o of_o prose_n for_o in_o prose_n as_o well_o as_o verse_n every_o period_n and_o clause_n be_v so_o many_o part_n of_o a_o discourse_n measure_v by_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o long_a and_o short_a syllable_n but_o prose_n be_v ever_o and_o anon_o alter_v its_o cadence_n and_o measure_n which_o verse_n never_o do_v the_o repetition_n which_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o seem_v still_o the_o same_o in_o the_o way_n of_o write_v for_o when_o one_o verse_n be_v finish_v they_o come_v back_o again_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o another_o line_n to_o write_v the_o next_o verse_n and_o this_o come_n back_o again_o be_v that_o which_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o versus_fw-la verse_n and_o this_o name_n in_o latin_a be_v common_a to_o verse_n and_o several_a other_o thing_n that_o be_v range_v as_o they_o be_v in_o different_a line_n as_o tree_n for_o instance_n which_o be_v set_v in_o row_v the_o latin_n call_v verse_n likewise_o by_o the_o name_n of_o carmina_fw-la but_o this_o be_v a_o equivocal_a term_n for_o beside_o its_o signify_v verse_n or_o poem_n it_o may_v be_v use_v to_o express_v other_o thing_n it_o be_v a_o term_n that_o be_v give_v to_o the_o 4._o sing_v of_o bird_n to_o the_o 8._o charm_n of_o magic_n to_o certain_a 1._o form_n of_o law_n to_o 3._o inscription_n or_o device_n to_o 5._o epitaph_n and_o other_o such_o like_a thing_n for_o the_o make_n of_o verse_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o measure_n and_o quantity_n of_o the_o syllable_n and_o to_o place_v six_o foot_n just_a after_o one_o another_o in_o the_o same_o line_n there_o must_v be_v likewise_o some_o grateful_a cadence_n of_o which_o there_o be_v several_a rule_n lay_v down_o in_o treat_v about_o caesura_n synalepha_n the_o length_n of_o word_n and_o the_o like_a beside_o this_o there_o must_v be_v some_o tense_n of_o verb_n some_o mood_n some_o regiment_n some_o construction_n and_o some_o word_n proper_a only_o to_o verse_n and_o which_o prose_n know_v nothing_o of_o but_o above_o all_o there_o must_v be_v in_o verse_n the_o turn_v and_o some_o way_n of_o speak_v that_o be_v elevate_v bold_a and_o metaphorical_a which_o be_v so_o proper_a to_o this_o kind_n of_o write_v that_o without_o they_o the_o most_o exact_a place_n of_o long_a and_o short_a syllable_n be_v not_o so_o much_o verse_n as_o prose_n in_o metre_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a these_o bold_a expression_n so_o proper_a to_o verse_n when_o use_v in_o a_o discourse_n that_o have_v not_o foot_n nor_o poetical_a number_n do_v give_v it_o such_o a_o air_n of_o verse_n that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o prose_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o poesy_n without_o number_n and_o as_o horace_n say_v disjecti_fw-la membra_fw-la poetae_fw-la as_o poet._n nature_n do_v not_o inspire_v into_o we_o the_o rule_n of_o poetry_n and_o verse_n so_o neither_o do_v art_n and_o study_n help_v we_o to_o that_o air_n that_o force_n and_o that_o elevation_n in_o which_o horace_n discover_v something_o that_o be_v divine_a and_o which_o only_o make_v a_o man_n deserve_v the_o name_n of_o poet._n this_o be_v a_o accomplishment_n a_o man_n shall_v be_v bear_v with_o owe_v either_o to_o the_o excellency_n of_o his_o nature_n or_o to_o some_o happy_a transport_v but_o withal_o so_o extraordinary_a that_o the_o ancient_n and_o 17._o aristotle_n himself_o style_v they_o fit_v of_o enthusiasm_n or_o frenzy_n yet_o still_o there_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v a_o exact_a and_o solid_a judgement_n to_o master_v this_o frenzy_n and_o imagination_n of_o the_o poet._n from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o end_n of_o poetry_n be_v to_o please_v that_o its_o cause_n be_v either_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o poet_n nature_n or_o the_o poetic_a frenzy_n and_o these_o transport_v of_o spirit_n that_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o judgement_n it_o be_v matter_n be_v the_o long_a and_o short_a syllable_n the_o number_n it_o be_v make_v up_o of_o and_o the_o word_n which_o grammar_n furnish_v it_o with_o as_o well_o as_o prose_n and_o its_o form_n be_v the_o range_v of_o all_o these_o thing_n in_o such_o exact_a and_o charm_a verse_n as_o may_v best_o
the_o unity_n of_o the_o epic_a action_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o action_n aristotle_n not_o only_o say_v that_o the_o epic_a action_n shall_v be_v one_o but_o 23._o he_o add_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v entire_a perfect_a and_o complete_a and_o for_o this_o purpose_n it_o must_v have_v a_o beginning_n a_o middle_a and_o a_o end_n herein_o these_o action_n differ_v from_o those_o of_o aesop_n fable_n for_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o these_o last_o shall_v be_v entire_a and_o complete_a witness_v the_o 7._o fable_n of_o the_o meager_a hunger-starve_a fox_n who_o convey_v himself_o through_o a_o very_a small_a hole_n into_o a_o granary_n full_a of_o corn._n when_o he_o have_v cram_v his_o gut_n he_o be_v for_o march_v the_o same_o way_n out_o again_o but_o he_o find_v himself_o too_o corpulent_a a_o weasel_n at_o a_o distance_n see_v he_o in_o such_o a_o quandary_n tell_v he_o he_o come_v empty_a in_o and_o must_v go_v as_o empty_v out_o now_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o finish_v this_o action_n reynard_n be_v very_o regular_o leave_v in_o this_o place_n without_o tell_v what_o happen_v to_o he_o afterward_o and_o without_o trouble_v one_o head_n whether_o he_o be_v kill_v upon_o the_o spot_n or_o pinch_v his_o gut_n to_o save_v his_o carcase_n or_o whether_o he_o escape_v at_o some_o other_o hole_n this_o action_n than_o be_v not_o a_o whole_a because_o it_o have_v only_o a_o beginning_n and_o middle_a but_o not_o a_o end_n these_o three_o part_n of_o a_o whole_a be_v too_o general_o and_o universal_o denote_v by_o the_o word_n begin_v middle_a and_o end_v we_o may_v interpret_v they_o more_o precise_o and_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n and_o design_n which_o one_o take_v for_o do_v a_o action_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o this_o action_n that_o the_o effect_n of_o these_o cause_n and_o the_o difficulty_n that_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o these_o design_n be_v the_o middle_a of_o it_o and_o that_o the_o unravel_v and_o resolution_n of_o these_o difficulty_n be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o action_n this_o end_n and_o this_o unravel_v may_v happen_v after_o different_a way_n and_o so_o form_v several_a sort_n of_o action_n for_o sometime_o the_o action_n end_v by_o the_o discovery_n of_o some_o person_n who_o be_v unknown_a before_o as_o in_o the_o tragedy_n of_o oedipus_n this_o prince_n think_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o polybus_n and_o merope_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o corinth_n and_o he_o discover_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o theban_a the_o son_n of_o laius_n and_o jocasta_n sometime_o without_o any_o discovery_n there_o be_v a_o great_a change_n of_o fortune_n in_o some_o person_n or_o other_o who_o think_v himself_o happy_a all_o on_o a_o sudden_a fall_n into_o a_o misery_n he_o never_o dream_v of_o or_o else_o on_o the_o contrary_a become_v from_o a_o miserable_a a_o very_a happy_a person_n beyond_o all_o expectation_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v agamemnon_n case_n after_o the_o ruin_n of_o troy_n who_o think_v himself_o in_o quiet_a possession_n of_o his_o acquire_v glory_n be_v miserable_o butcher_v by_o his_o wife_n 11._o these_o change_n or_o alteration_n from_o one_o kind_n of_o fortune_n to_o the_o contrary_a be_v call_v by_o a_o greek_a name_n peripetias_n sometime_o likewise_o there_o be_v neither_o a_o discovery_n nor_o a_o peripetia_n but_o the_o action_n cease_v and_o passes_z if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v from_o motion_n to_o rest_n after_o a_o simple_a manner_n without_o any_o incident_a but_o such_o as_o may_v be_v expect_v in_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o affair_n thus_o in_o the_o troad_n of_o seneca_n hecuba_n and_o the_o trojan_n appear_v at_o first_o as_o in_o captivity_n and_o under_o a_o long_a series_n of_o affliction_n which_o make_v they_o complain_v with_o their_o tongue_n and_o despair_v in_o their_o heart_n the_o ghost_n of_o achilles_n require_v polixena_n shall_v be_v sacrifice_v to_o he_o and_o before_o they_o part_v calchas_z will_v make_v they_o kill_v astyanax_n too_o both_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n and_o so_o the_o tragedy_n end_v 17._o these_o different_a way_n make_v two_o sort_n of_o action_n or_o fable_n the_o one_o simple_n the_o other_o complex_fw-la the_o simple_a action_n be_v such_o as_o end_v without_o a_o discovery_n and_o a_o peripetia_n the_o complex_n have_v either_o a_o discovery_n or_o a_o perpetia_n or_o both_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o action_n comprehend_v all_o these_o thing_n let_v we_o now_o take_v a_o particular_a view_n of_o they_o chap._n x._o that_o the_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v a_o whole_a this_o proposition_n seem_v contrary_a to_o what_o aristotle_n teach_v we_o when_o he_o say_v 23._o that_o the_o war_n of_o troy_n be_v a_o just_a and_o perfect_a whole_a that_o homer_n have_v take_v but_o a_o part_n of_o it_o that_o therein_o he_o be_v very_o judicious_a and_o that_o those_o who_o instead_o of_o imitate_v he_o have_v take_v this_o whole_a for_o the_o subject_a of_o their_o poem_n have_v take_v too_o much_o matter_n and_o have_v be_v very_o indifferent_a artist_n do_v he_o pretend_v by_o this_o doctrine_n and_o by_o these_o instance_n to_o overthrow_v what_o we_o have_v cite_v out_o of_o that_o very_a treatise_n of_o poetry_n will_v he_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o subject_a and_o matter_n of_o a_o poem_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v a_o whole_a and_o a_o entire_a and_o complete_a action_n but_o only_o a_o part_n of_o a_o action_n sure_o it_o be_v not_o likely_a he_o shall_v contradict_v himself_o thus_o we_o may_v reconcile_v this_o that_o appear_v so_o contradictory_n in_o the_o term_n by_o make_v this_o reflection_n that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o action_n may_v be_v consider_v as_o in_o the_o fable_n where_o the_o poet_n make_v use_v of_o it_o or_o else_o as_o in_o the_o history_n whence_o he_o take_v it_o when_o the_o poet_n be_v upon_o the_o search_n after_o matter_n for_o his_o fable_n he_o light_v upon_o several_a sort_n of_o action_n some_o have_v several_a part_n which_o may_v be_v regular_o connect_v in_o one_o body_n and_o then_o he_o may_v take_v one_o of_o these_o action_n entire_a as_o it_o be_v but_o there_o be_v other_o who_o part_n be_v so_o independent_a to_o one_o another_o that_o a_o man_n can_v with_o any_o probability_n join_v they_o together_o so_o as_o they_o shall_v seem_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o consequence_n of_o each_o other_o and_o this_o be_v what_o aristotle_n condemn_v under_o the_o name_n of_o many-limbed_a fable_n to_o which_o he_o oppose_v those_o which_o have_v but_o one_o only_a part_n he_o do_v not_o absolute_o forbid_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o part_n but_o he_o common_o take_v such_o sort_n of_o word_n in_o the_o worst_a sense_n which_o may_v of_o themselves_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o more_o favourable_a one_o thus_o we_o observe_v that_o he_o condemn_v the_o vicious_a plurality_n of_o fable_n and_o episodes_n under_o the_o term_n of_o polymythia_n and_o episodical_a although_o a_o man_n may_v lawful_o put_v several_a fable_n into_o a_o poem_n and_o there_o be_v none_o but_o have_v several_a episodes_n in_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v in_o this_o sense_n that_o he_o condemn_v the_o plurality_n of_o the_o part_n in_o a_o epic_a action_n we_o be_v not_o to_o suppose_v that_o he_o condemn_v it_o absolute_o and_o that_o this_o action_n make_v use_v of_o can_v be_v a_o whole_a he_o explain_v his_o own_o meaning_n sufficient_o in_o the_o follow_a word_n 8._o as_o say_v he_o in_o other_o imitation_n that_o which_o a_o man_n imitate_v be_v one_o single_a thing_n so_o likewise_o the_o fable_n be_v the_o imitation_n of_o a_o action_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o this_o action_n be_v one_o entire_a and_o a_o whole_a and_o that_o the_o part_n be_v so_o join_v to_o and_o dependent_a on_o each_o other_o that_o one_o can_v so_o much_o as_o remove_v any_o one_o out_o of_o its_o place_n either_o to_o transpose_v or_o retrench_v it_o quite_o without_o make_v a_o change_n in_o the_o whole_a for_o whatever_o can_v be_v so_o place_v or_o omit_v that_o one_o can_v perceive_v the_o alteration_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o action_n so_o then_o it_o be_v only_o the_o plurality_n of_o part_n in_o this_o last_o sense_n which_o aristotle_n condemn_v and_o he_o have_v commend_v homer_n for_o have_v take_v only_o a_o part_n of_o all_o that_o pass_v in_o the_o trojan_a war._n but_o yet_o we_o be_v to_o take_v special_a notice_n that_o this_o retrenchment_n of_o all_o the_o other_o part_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n which_o be_v only_o retain_v from_o be_v a_o whole_a in_o the_o poem_n it_o be_v only_o a_o part_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o whole_a war_n and_o in_o the_o history_n whence_o homer_n take_v it_o but_o it_o
interest_n prompt_v he_o to_o the_o humour_n and_o the_o inclination_n belong_v to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o moral_n which_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o particular_o in_o the_o four_o book_n we_o only_o join_v they_o here_o to_o the_o two_o other_o cause_n we_o mention_v and_o of_o all_o three_o we_o affirm_v this_o in_o general_a that_o the_o poet_n ought_v to_o inform_v his_o reader_n of_o they_o and_o make_v they_o conspicuous_a in_o his_o principal_a personage_n when_o he_o introduce_v they_o or_o even_o before_o he_o make_v they_o appear_v homer_n have_v ingenious_o begin_v his_o odysseïs_n with_o the_o transaction_n at_o ithaca_n during_o the_o absence_n of_o ulysses_n if_o he_o have_v begin_v with_o the_o travel_n of_o his_o hero_n he_o will_v scarce_o have_v speak_v of_o any_o one_o else_o and_o a_o man_n may_v have_v read_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o the_o poem_n without_o conceive_v the_o least_o idea_n of_o telemachus_n penelope_n or_o her_o suitor_n who_o have_v so_o great_a a_o share_n in_o the_o action_n but_o in_o the_o beginning_n he_o have_v pitch_v upon_o beside_o these_o personage_n who_o he_o discover_v he_o represent_v ulysses_n in_o his_o full_a length_n and_o from_o the_o very_a first_o open_v of_o the_o action_n one_o see_v the_o interest_n which_o the_o god_n have_v therein_o the_o skill_n and_o care_n of_o the_o same_o poet_n may_v be_v see_v likewise_o in_o introduce_v his_o personage_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o iliad_n where_o he_o discover_v the_o humour_n the_o interest_n and_o the_o design_n of_o agamemnon_n achilles_n nestor_z ulysses_n and_o several_a other_o nay_o and_o of_o the_o god_n too_o and_o in_o his_o second_o book_n he_o make_v a_o review_n of_o the_o grecian_a and_o trojan_a army_n which_o be_v full_a evidence_n that_o all_o we_o have_v here_o say_v be_v very_o necessary_a but_o last_o since_o the_o epic_a poem_n be_v doubtless_o much_o long_a than_o the_o dramatic_a and_o since_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o manage_v the_o incident_n and_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o personage_n in_o that_o than_o in_o the_o other_o one_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o introduce_v all_o of_o they_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o epopéa_n with_o as_o much_o exactness_n as_o in_o the_o first_o act_n of_o a_o theatral_n piece_n where_o at_o least_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v some_o item_n of_o all_o those_o who_o have_v any_o considerable_a part_n in_o the_o intrigue_n i_o mention_v this_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o virgil_n practice_n he_o have_v be_v less_o exact_a than_o the_o greek_a poet_n for_o he_o say_v nothing_o of_o turnus_n latinus_n amata_n and_o other_o italian_n till_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o poem_n but_o it_o be_v true_a likewise_o that_o he_o have_v so_o dispose_v his_o action_n as_o seem_v to_o justify_v this_o delay_n he_o have_v divide_v the_o aeneid_n into_o two_o part_n more_o sensible_o than_o homer_n have_v his_o iliad_n and_o odysseïs_n he_o not_o only_o make_v this_o division_n at_o the_o first_o and_o in_o his_o proposition_n by_o say_v that_o 1._o aeneas_n suffer_v much_o when_o he_o be_v toss_v about_o from_o this_o sea_n to_o that_o and_o from_o one_o province_n to_o another_o and_o suffer_v also_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o but_o he_o likewise_o when_o he_o begin_v his_o second_o part_n advertise_v his_o reader_n of_o it_o and_o 8._o propose_v the_o thing_n he_o be_v about_o to_o mention_v as_o all_o new_a and_o quite_o of_o another_o make_n from_o the_o former_a thus_o in_o the_o first_o book_n he_o introduce_v the_o principal_a personage_n of_o his_o first_o part_n and_o he_o only_o speak_v of_o those_o who_o be_v to_o appear_v afresh_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o his_o six_o seven_o and_o eight_o book_n and_o here_o in_o my_o mind_n he_o be_v less_o fortunate_a than_o the_o greek_a poet._n beside_o these_o more_o general_a cause_n of_o the_o action_n and_o of_o the_o main_a intrigue_n there_o be_v still_o some_o incident_n and_o some_o episodes_n more_o particular_a of_o which_o the_o poet_n must_v give_v a_o account_n this_o happen_v common_o not_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n but_o only_o when_o the_o poet_n be_v about_o to_o make_v one_o of_o his_o lesser_a recital_n the_o reader_n can_v not_o guess_v how_o the_o wound_n of_o ulysses_n come_v which_o discover_v he_o to_o his_o friend_n not_o why_o camilla_n shall_v be_v in_o love_n with_o war_n nor_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o aeneas_n meet_v with_o several_a person_n in_o the_o shade_n below_o who_o be_v to_o come_v into_o the_o world_n many_o age_n after_o etc._n etc._n therefore_o the_o poet_n must_v tell_v he_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o this_o these_o cause_n must_v be_v good_a and_o suitable_a to_o the_o subject_a all_o the_o action_n of_o the_o iliad_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o anger_n be_v the_o displeasure_n apollo_n conceive_v against_o agamemnon_n because_o agamemnon_n likewise_o in_o his_o anger_n have_v affront_v the_o priest_n of_o this_o god_n all_o these_o passion_n have_v probable_a cause_n and_o such_o as_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o general_n subject_a of_o the_o trojan_a war._n for_o as_o this_o general_n cause_o be_v heten'_v be_v ravish_v from_o menelaus_n so_o the_o other_o cause_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n chryseïs_n be_v ravish_v from_o her_o father_n and_o briseïs_n from_o achilles_n in_o short_a all_o be_v stamp_v with_o the_o same_o character_n of_o injustice_n and_o violence_n in_o these_o hero_n if_o the_o hero_n be_v a_o man_n of_o probity_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o his_o design_n shall_v be_v just_a and_o commendable_a as_o those_o in_o the_o odysseïs_n and_o the_o aeneid_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o persecution_n he_o meet_v with_o must_v not_o lessen_v the_o esteem_n which_o the_o poet_n will_v raise_v of_o his_o probity_n neptune_n persecute_v ulysses_n because_o ulysses_n have_v blind_v his_o son_n polypheme_n but_o this_o monster_n have_v already_o devour_v six_o of_o the_o comerade_n of_o ulysses_n and_o be_v just_a upon_o serve_v ulysses_n himself_o and_o the_o rest_n the_o same_o trick_n aeneas_n make_v a_o more_o particular_a profession_n of_o his_o piety_n and_o according_o virgil_n use_v he_o more_o honourable_o the_o cause_n juno_n have_v to_o persecute_v he_o do_v either_o not_o touch_v his_o person_n or_o else_o be_v much_o to_o his_o glory_n since_o the_o only_a one_o which_o concern_v he_o be_v the_o choice_n which_o fate_n make_v of_o he_o to_o lay_v in_o italy_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o world_n 4._o juno_n be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v any_o scornful_a or_o hateful_a thought_n for_o this_o hero_n person_n that_o she_o be_v willing_a to_o trust_v he_o with_o all_o that_o be_v most_o dear_a to_o she_o on_o earth_n and_o make_v he_o lord_n over_o her_o own_o carthage_n she_o can_v never_o have_v give_v a_o more_o considerable_a token_n of_o her_o love_n and_o esteem_v for_o any_o man._n chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o intrigue_n and_o the_o vnravel_v thereof_o in_o what_o be_v say_v about_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o action_n one_o may_v have_v observe_v two_o opposite_a design_n the_o first_o and_o most_o principal_a be_v that_o of_o the_o hero_n the_o second_o comprehend_v all_o their_o design_n that_o oppose_v the_o pretension_n of_o the_o hero_n these_o opposite_a cause_n produce_v likewise_o opposite_a effect_n viz._n the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o hero_n for_o the_o accomplish_n his_o design_n and_o the_o endeavour_n of_o those_o who_o be_v against_o it_o as_o these_o cause_n and_o design_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o action_n so_o these_o contrary_a endeavour_n be_v the_o middle_a of_o it_o and_o form_v a_o difficulty_n and_o intrigue_n which_o make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o poem_n it_o last_v as_o long_o as_o the_o reader_n be_v mind_n be_v in_o suspense_n about_o the_o event_n of_o these_o contrary_a endeavour_n the_o solution_n or_o the_o vnravel_n begin_v when_o one_o begin_v to_o see_v the_o difficulty_n remove_v and_o the_o doubt_n clear_v up_o our_o poet_n have_v divide_v each_o of_o their_o three_o poem_n into_o two_o part_n and_o have_v put_v a_o particular_a intrigue_n and_o the_o solution_n of_o it_o in_o each_o part._n the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o iliad_n be_v the_o anger_n of_o achilles_n who_o be_v for_o revenge_a himself_o upon_o agamemnon_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o hector_n and_o the_o trojan_n the_o intrigue_n comprehend_v the_o three_o day_n fight_v which_o happen_v in_o the_o absence_n of_o achilles_n and_o it_o consist_v on_o one_o side_n in_o the_o resistance_n of_o agamemnon_n and_o the_o grecian_n and_o on_o the_o other_o in_o the_o revengeful_a and_o inexorable_a humour_n of_o achilles_n which_o will_v not_o
oh_o jupiter_n what_o shall_v this_o stranger_n go_v off_o so_o etc._n etc._n but_o these_o motion_n be_v very_o well_o prepare_v 4._o dido_n entertain_v thought_n of_o her_o death_n before_o aeneas_n leave_v she_o she_o spend_v her_o night_n in_o nothing_o else_o but_o disquietude_n and_o such_o distract_n thought_n as_o these_o her_o fear_n possess_v she_o with_o ibid._n soon_o as_o the_o dawn_n begin_v to_o clear_v the_o sky_n down_o to_o the_o shore_n the_o sad_a queen_n cast_v her_o eye_n where_o when_o she_o do_v the_o empty_a port_n survey_v and_o now_o the_o fleet_n with_o ming_n display_v at_o sea_n her_o hand_n hold_v up_o her_o golden_a tress_n tear_v must_v we_o say_v she_o of_o force_n endure_v this_o scorn_n can_v we_o not_o have_v recourse_n to_o arm_n nor_o meet_v this_o fraud_n with_o fraud_n not_o burn_v this_o wicked_a fleet_n have_v fly_v pursue_v row_n and_o let_v every_o hand_n snatch_v up_o with_o speed_n some_o swift_a revenge_a brand_n english_v by_o edm._n waller_n and_o sidney_n godolphin_n esquire_n this_o be_v no_o surprise_n to_o the_o hearer_n they_o be_v so_o well_o prepare_v for_o it_o that_o they_o will_v have_v wonder_v if_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o speech_n have_v be_v less_o passionate_a the_o practice_n of_o seneca_n be_v quite_o contrary_a if_o he_o have_v any_o recital_n to_o make_v which_o ought_v to_o imprint_v some_o great_a passion_n or_o other_o he_o take_v away_o from_o both_o his_o personage_n and_o his_o audience_n all_o the_o inclination_n they_o may_v have_v towards_o it_o if_o they_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o sorrow_n fear_n and_o expectation_n of_o some_o dreadful_a thing_n he_o will_v begin_v by_o some_o fine_a and_o elegant_a description_n of_o some_o place_n or_o other_o which_o only_o serve_v to_o show_v the_o copiousness_n and_o the_o poignant_a bloomy_a wit_n of_o a_o poet_n without_o judgement_n in_o the_o troad_n hecuba_n and_o andromache_n be_v dispose_v to_o hear_v of_o the_o violent_a and_o barbarous_a death_n of_o their_o son_n astyanax_n who_o the_o grecian_n have_v throw_v from_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a tower_n it_o mighty_o concern_v they_o indeed_o to_o know_v that_o among_o the_o crowd_n that_o flock_v from_o all_o part_n to_o that_o sad_a sight_n etc._n some_z there_o be_v who_o stand_v upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a decay_a building_n other_o who_o leg_n tremble_v under_o they_o because_o they_o be_v mount_v a_o little_a too_o high_a etc._n etc._n people_z that_o have_v the_o patience_n to_o speak_v or_o hear_v such_o idle_a stuff_n be_v so_o little_o incline_v to_o weep_v that_o they_o have_v need_n have_v notice_n as_o the_o mercenary_a mourner_n of_o old_a have_v when_o it_o be_v time_n to_o set_v up_o their_o whine_v the_o second_o thing_n we_o think_v necessary_a for_o the_o well_o manage_v the_o passion_n and_o to_o make_v the_o auditor_n sensible_a of_o they_o be_v to_o insert_v they_o in_o the_o poem_n pure_a and_o disengage_v from_o every_o thing_n that_o may_v hinder_v they_o from_o produce_v their_o due_a effect_n it_o be_v necessary_a then_o to_o avoid_v the_o vicious_a multiplicity_n of_o fable_n where_o there_o be_v too_o many_o story_n too_o many_o fable_n too_o many_o action_n the_o adventure_n too_o much_o divide_v and_o hard_a to_o be_v remember_v and_o such_o intrigue_n as_o one_o can_v easy_o comprehend_v all_o this_o distract_v the_o mind_n and_o require_v so_o much_o attention_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v for_o the_o passion_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o soul_n shall_v be_v free_a and_o disengage_v to_o be_v the_o more_o sensible_a of_o they_o we_o destroy_v our_o true_a sorrow_n when_o we_o divert_v our_o thought_n another_o way_n and_o how_o contrary_a will_v these_o troublesome_a application_n be_v to_o the_o fiction_n and_o movement_n of_o poem_n of_o all_o the_o obstacle_n that_o destroy_v the_o passion_n the_o passion_n themselves_o be_v not_o the_o least_o they_o fight_z with_o and_o destroy_v one_o another_o and_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v mix_v together_o a_o subject_a of_o joy_n and_o a_o subject_a of_o sorrow_n he_o will_v make_v neither_o of_o they_o sink_v deep_a immitia_fw-la horace_n inform_v we_o that_o no_o poetical_a licence_n will_v allow_v of_o this_o sort_n of_o mixture_n the_o very_a nature_n of_o these_o habit_n impose_v this_o law_n the_o blood_n and_o animal_n spirit_n can_v move_v so_o smooth_o on_o in_o their_o usual_a way_n at_o quiet_a if_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o be_v stop_v and_o retard_v by_o some_o violence_n such_o as_o admiration_n cause_v nor_o can_v they_o be_v in_o either_o of_o these_o two_o motion_n whilst_o fear_n contract_v they_o from_o the_o external_a part_n of_o the_o body_n to_o make_v they_o rally_v about_o the_o heart_n or_o whilst_o anger_n send_v they_o into_o the_o muscle_n and_o make_v they_o act_v there_o with_o a_o violence_n so_o contrary_a to_o the_o operation_n of_o fear_n a_o poet_n than_o shall_v be_v acquaint_v with_o both_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o passion_n in_o our_o soul_n it_o be_v there_o we_o be_v more_o sensible_a of_o they_o and_o know_v they_o better_o than_o in_o the_o blood_n and_o the_o animal_n spirit_n this_o knowledge_n and_o the_o justness_n of_o his_o genius_n will_v make_v he_o manage_v they_o with_o all_o the_o force_n and_o the_o effect_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o here_o we_o will_v propose_v two_o example_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o simplicity_n and_o the_o disengagement_n of_o each_o passion_n the_o admirable_a must_v needs_o be_v predominant_a in_o the_o warlike_a virtue_n of_o a_o maid_n and_o this_o be_v the_o passion_n virgil_n make_v use_v of_o in_o the_o episode_n of_o camilla_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n he_o have_v make_v pity_n to_o reign_v in_o that_o of_o pallas_n this_o passion_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o this_o young_a prince_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o heroe_n party_n but_o the_o poet_n do_v not_o mix_v these_o two_o passion_n together_o he_o only_o show_v in_o pallas_n all_o that_o ordinary_a courage_n that_o a_o young_a man_n be_v capable_a of_o he_o fight_v turnus_n but_o do_v not_o go_v out_o to_o attack_v he_o he_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o wound_v he_o nor_o put_v he_o in_o the_o least_o danger_n he_o only_o attend_v his_o come_n and_o 10._o speak_v to_o he_o more_o like_a one_o that_o fear_v not_o death_n than_o one_o who_o expect_v to_o kill_v he_o he_o be_v kill_v at_o the_o first_o blow_n and_o there_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a in_o it_o but_o there_o be_v something_o more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o the_o lamentation_n which_o aeneas_n and_o the_o unhappy_a evander_n make_v upon_o his_o death_n camilla_n on_o the_o contrary_a make_v herself_o admire_v by_o a_o valour_n become_v a_o hero_n but_o she_o die_v without_o be_v pity_v that_o which_o diana_n say_v upon_o the_o subject_a deserve_v not_o the_o name_n of_o a_o lamentation_n in_o comparison_n to_o that_o which_o aeneas_n and_o evander_n make_v for_o pallas_n beside_o the_o speech_n of_o diana_n be_v say_v before_o her_o death_n and_o be_v not_o in_o a_o place_n where_o it_o may_v have_v any_o great_a effect_n in_o short_a camilla_n be_v kill_v she_o be_v revenge_v and_o nothing_o more_o say_v about_o it_o how_o many_o poet_n be_v there_o that_o will_v have_v bestow_v a_o lover_n or_o two_o upon_o she_o and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v a_o episode_n as_o move_v as_o that_o of_o clorinda_n and_o tancred_n this_o beauty_n do_v not_o escape_v virgil_n view_n 10._o he_o say_v that_o several_a italian_a dame_n court_v she_o for_o their_o son_n this_o reflection_n show_v we_o that_o his_o thought_n be_v upon_o every_o thing_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o without_o choice_n and_o judgement_n that_o he_o omit_v that_o which_o will_v have_v appear_v so_o beautiful_a to_o other_o poet_n but_o he_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o spoil_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o passion_n nor_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o its_o effect_n chap._n x._o how_o the_o narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a the_o epic_a narration_n ought_v to_o be_v active_a this_o qualification_n be_v so_o necessary_a to_o it_o that_o aristotle_n expression_n herein_o seem_v to_o confound_v the_o epopéa_n with_o the_o tragedy_n it_o be_v by_o this_o he_o begin_v to_o lay_v down_o rule_n for_o this_o first_o sort_n of_o poem_n 23._o it_o be_v requisite_a say_v he_o that_o the_o epic_a fable_n be_v dramatic_a like_o those_o that_o be_v in_o tragedy_n now_o that_o which_o make_v tragedy_n dramatic_a and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o which_o it_o have_v the_o name_n which_o signify_v to_o 〈◊〉_d act_n be_v that_o the_o poet_n never_o speak_v in_o it_o and_o that_o every_o thing_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o personage_n that_o be_v introduce_v and_o who_o alone_a act_n
mere_a quality_n in_o their_o own_o nature_n produce_v neither_o of_o these_o two_o effect_n such_o as_o valour_n art_n the_o knowledge_n of_o science_n and_o the_o like_a solomon_n can_v still_o preserve_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o science_n even_o when_o he_o be_v become_v a_o idolater_n aencas_n and_o mezentius_n be_v both_o valiant_a yet_o one_o be_v a_o pious_a and_o a_o good_a man_n the_o other_o a_o atheistical_a and_o profane_a fellow_n it_o be_v far_a observable_a that_o among_o the_o inclination_n there_o be_v some_o which_o belong_v more_o peculiarly_a to_o some_o particular_a adventure_n and_o that_o be_v only_o of_o use_n upon_o certain_a occasion_n such_o for_o instance_n be_v valour_n clemency_n and_o liberality_n other_o be_v more_o universal_a and_o appear_v in_o every_o thing_n such_o as_o be_v good_a nature_n and_o a_o passionate_a temper_n for_o a_o man_n may_v be_v passionate_a and_o violent_a not_o only_o in_o war_n but_o at_o a_o council_n board_n and_o upon_o all_o other_o occasion_n as_o achilles_n be_v or_o he_o may_v be_v mild_a and_o good-natured_a even_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o battle_n as_o aeneas_n we_o shall_v call_v this_o last_o species_n of_o general_a and_o universal_a manner_n the_o character_n of_o such_o or_o such_o a_o person_n and_o will_v treat_v of_o it_o more_o particular_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o manner_n be_v either_o whole_o external_n or_o whole_o internal_a or_o they_o may_v be_v consider_v as_o partly_o external_n partly_o internal_a the_o external_n cause_n be_v god_n the_o star_n and_o our_o native_a country_n the_o mix_a cause_n be_v our_o parent_n and_o education_n the_o internal_a cause_n be_v the_o complexion_n the_o sex_n the_o passion_n and_o the_o action_n whereby_o we_o contract_v these_o habit_n the_o effect_n of_o our_o manner_n be_v the_o discourse_n the_o design_n and_o the_o essay_n we_o make_v to_o do_v such_o or_o such_o a_o thing_n and_o the_o good_a bad_a or_o indifferent_a action_n poetry_n be_v not_o the_o only_a thing_n where_o the_o manner_n be_v of_o use_n philosopher_n historian_n geographer_n and_o rhetorician_n treat_v of_o they_o as_o well_o as_o poet_n each_o of_o these_o in_o his_o own_o way_n but_o the_o poet_n have_v need_n of_o all_o and_o beside_o these_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o thing_n which_o he_o be_v indispensible_o oblige_v to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o that_o he_o may_v make_v his_o personage_n speak_v and_o act_v regular_o whatsoever_o have_v be_v say_v on_o this_o subject_a yet_o i_o can_v whole_o pass_v it_o over_o i_o shall_v only_o content_v myself_o to_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o virgil._n therefore_o before_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o poetical_a manner_n i_o will_v explain_v at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v propose_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o manner_n and_o i_o shall_v say_v something_o concern_v the_o manner_n that_o be_v foreign_a to_o poetry_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o manner_n god_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o cause_n in_o general_a we_o shall_v look_v upon_o he_o here_o in_o particular_a as_o the_o most_o universal_a and_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o manner_n he_o be_v the_o author_n of_o nature_n and_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a this_o cause_n render_v the_o manner_n of_o aeneas_n good_a even_o to_o admiration_n it_o be_v superfluous_a to_o show_v how_o this_o hero_n be_v favour_v by_o jupiter_n since_o we_o see_v juno_n who_o prosecute_v he_o love_n and_o esteem_v his_o person_n the_o star_n and_o principal_o the_o sign_n and_o planet_n be_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o manner_n the_o 1._o poet_n take_v notice_n what_o influence_n they_o have_v upon_o men._n when_o in_o the_o person_n of_o dido_n he_o prove_v from_o they_o that_o the_o tyrian_n be_v not_o so_o dull_a but_o that_o they_o know_v what_o esteem_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v for_o virtue_n but_o be_v it_o by_o chance_n think_v you_o that_o this_o poet_n who_o elsewhere_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o astronomy_n cause_v the_o planet_n to_o act_v in_o favour_n of_o his_o hero_n conformable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o astrologer_n of_o the_o seven_o there_o be_v three_o that_o favour_n he_o jupiter_n venus_n and_o the_o sun_n all_o three_o act_n visible_o in_o the_o poem_n in_o behalf_n of_o aeneas_n there_o be_v three_o other_o who_o influence_n be_v malignant_a saturn_n mars_n the_o moon_n or_o diana_n if_o they_o act_v it_o be_v indeed_o against_o the_o hero_n but_o they_o appear_v so_o obscure_o that_o one_o may_v say_v virgil_n have_v hide_v they_o below_o the_o horizon_n last_o mercury_n who_o planet_n be_v say_v to_o be_v good_a with_o the_o good_a and_o bad_a with_o the_o bad_a act_v visible_o as_o the_o good_a planet_n do_v but_o he_o never_o act_v alone_o it_o be_v jupiter_n that_o always_o send_v he_o out_o and_o this_o be_v the_o horoscope_n which_o the_o poet_n make_v for_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n the_o three_o external_a cause_n of_o the_o manner_n be_v the_o country_n in_o which_o one_o be_v born_n virgil_n bestow_v great_a commendation_n on_o the_o country_n of_o his_o hero_n and_o advance_v it_o far_o above_o greece_n 2._o as_o long_o as_o troy_n be_v assault_v fair_o by_o force_n it_o always_o remain_v victorious_a it_o be_v only_o the_o fraud_n and_o treachery_n of_o the_o grecian_n that_o gain_v the_o mastery_n over_o the_o generosity_n of_o the_o trojan_n so_o that_o according_a to_o their_o country_n the_o one_o party_n be_v brave_a and_o generous_a the_o other_o knave_n and_o cheat_n the_o one_o civil_a the_o other_o barbarous_a the_o one_o hardy_n the_o other_o nice_n etc._n etc._n after_o these_o cause_n that_o be_v proper_o external_a follow_v next_o the_o father_n and_o mother_n who_o blood_n be_v derive_v down_o to_o their_o child_n we_o can_v say_v that_o the_o parent_n be_v such_o cause_n as_o be_v altogether_o foreign_a to_o the_o inclination_n of_o those_o who_o be_v form_v from_o their_o substance_n let_v we_o apply_v this_o to_o our_o subject_n aeneas_n spring_v from_o the_o royal_a blood_n of_o troy_n the_o first_o prince_n of_o this_o family_n be_v as_o virtuous_a as_o powerful_a but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n these_o two_o thing_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o different_a branch_n ilus_n leave_v the_o crown_n to_o laomedon_n and_o his_o virtue_n to_o assaracus_n priam_n and_o paris_n be_v heir_n to_o the_o first_o anchises_n and_o aeneas_n to_o the_o second_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o poet_n bestow_v upon_o his_o hero_n the_o good_a inclination_n of_o his_o ancestor_n before_o ever_o he_o restore_v to_o he_o the_o regal_a power_n his_o piety_n deserve_v the_o sceptre_n of_o his_o father_n and_o the_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o other_o branch_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o priam_n family_n be_v extirpate_v the_o innocent_a themselves_o feel_v likewise_o the_o smart_n of_o it_o as_o 3._o virgil_n observe_v of_o polydore_n this_o be_v more_o clear_o express_v by_o the_o greek_a poet._n iliad_n he_o lay_v down_o the_o genealogy_n of_o priam_n and_o aeneas_n and_o add_v that_o jupiter_n hate_v the_o family_n of_o priam_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o aeneas_n be_v to_o command_v the_o trojan_n and_o transmit_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o posterity_n these_o be_v the_o advantage_n aeneas_n derive_v from_o his_o father_n his_o mother_n be_v the_o goddess_n from_o who_o he_o derive_v the_o character_n of_o good_a nature_n and_o meekness_n which_o be_v the_o fine_a ornament_n of_o his_o manner_n parent_n likewise_o hand_n down_o to_o their_o child_n their_o nobility_n which_o often_o make_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n between_o those_o that_o be_v noble_a and_o those_o that_o be_v not_o now_o that_o which_o happen_v often_o or_o ordinary_o in_o these_o thing_n be_v the_o rule_n which_o the_o poet_n ought_v to_o go_v by_o it_o will_v argue_v ignorance_n or_o childishness_n to_o do_v otherwise_o and_o one_o shall_v fall_v under_o these_o censure_n if_o for_o instance_n one_o shall_v cause_v a_o poetical_a person_n to_o be_v bear_v under_o a_o unlucky_a constellation_n to_o who_o we_o will_v give_v good_a inclination_n and_o a_o happy_a fortune_n whatsoever_o instance_n may_v be_v oppose_v against_o the_o pretend_a doctrine_n of_o astrologer_n yet_o that_o which_o be_v admirable_a and_o extraordinary_a in_o poet_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o contradict_v the_o common_a receive_v opinion_n about_o these_o thing_n education_n be_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o manner_n which_o depend_v upon_o the_o two_o former_a to_o wit_n the_o care_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o parent_n virgil_n have_v not_o forget_v this_o cause_n those_o likewise_o with_o who_o one_o converse_v contribute_v very_o much_o towards_o those_o various_a inclination_n that_o proceed_v from_o education_n whether_o one_o suit_v himself_o to_o their_o humour_n or_o whether_o that_o conformity_n
to_o be_v all_o on_o fire_n capaneus_n see_v all_o this_o without_o be_v move_v and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o abate_v any_o thing_n of_o his_o fierceness_n his_o threat_n and_o the_o hope_n he_o have_v of_o take_v the_o city_n spite_n of_o all_o the_o god_n which_o declare_v war_n against_o he_o that_o he_o be_v for_o snatch_v the_o weapon_n from_o heaven_n itself_o and_o cast_v its_o fire_n to_o burn_v the_o city_n if_o statius_n have_v not_o imagine_v these_o extravagancy_n one_o can_v never_o have_v believe_v they_o shall_v enter_v into_o the_o mind_n of_o any_o author_n the_o god_n of_o this_o poet_n do_v not_o take_v these_o for_o extravagancy_n etc._n they_o be_v real_o afraid_a of_o they_o and_o dread_v this_o man_n alone_o more_o than_o all_o mankind_n together_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o jupiter_n apollo_n groan_v bacchus_n bemoan_v himself_o hercules_n much_o affright_v with_o a_o bow_n in_o his_o hand_n know_v not_o on_o what_o to_o resolve_v venus_n be_v all_o in_o tear_n to_o conclude_v the_o calamity_n be_v universal_a and_o to_o the_o disgrace_n of_o jupiter_n before_o who_o they_o seem_v to_o prefer_v capaneus_n the_o admiration_n they_o conceive_v for_o this_o great_a hero_n and_o strike_v they_o dumb_a and_o make_v they_o fear_v this_o sovereign_n of_o the_o god_n have_v not_o a_o shaft_n sufficient_a to_o conquer_v this_o single_a man._n the_o poet_n himself_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o their_o fear_n be_v not_o altogether_o groundless_a for_o after_o jupiter_n have_v shoot_v his_o thunder_n against_o he_o with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o have_v shatter_v to_o dust_n the_o armour_n capaneus_n wear_v this_o bravo_n have_v still_o power_n leave_v he_o to_o stand_v upon_o his_o foot_n so_o long_o that_o jupiter_n think_v he_o must_v shoot_v another_o bolt_n at_o he_o one_o will_v fancy_n the_o fear_n be_v now_o over_o but_o so_o great_a a_o poet_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o little_a cataneus_n during_o his_o life_n make_v only_o the_o theban_n tremble_n and_o fly_v and_o now_o at_o his_o death_n when_o he_o be_v destroy_v by_o thunder_n he_o fill_v his_o own_o man_n with_o consternation_n and_o put_v both_o party_n to_o flight_n because_o they_o know_v not_o on_o which_o side_n he_o will_v fall_v nor_o who_o troop_n he_o will_v crush_v into_o piece_n thereby_o this_o be_v a_o instance_n of_o these_o false_a character_n wherein_o man_n fall_v for_o want_v of_o judgement_n and_o knowledge_n a_o author_n by_o these_o great_a amplification_n think_v he_o shall_v be_v a_o great_a poet._n but_o he_o even_o degrade_v himself_o from_o the_o very_a name_n of_o poet_n since_o these_o fiction_n be_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o can_v be_v in_o nature_n be_v no_o imitation_n and_o yet_o all_o poesy_n be_v essential_o a_o imitation_n the_o remedy_n for_o this_o be_v to_o believe_v rectum_fw-la horace_n herein_o and_o to_o be_v perfect_o instruct_v in_o morality_n it_o be_v to_o know_v that_o all_o thing_n have_v their_o limitation_n it_o be_v to_o know_v these_o limitation_n and_o to_o keep_v within_o they_o it_o be_v last_o to_o be_v convince_v that_o those_o that_o transgress_v these_o bound_n as_o in_o the_o example_n we_o have_v be_v propose_v in_o propriety_n of_o speech_n make_v neither_o character_n nor_o personage_n but_o mere_a chimaera_n which_o be_v never_o any_o where_o but_o in_o the_o imaginary_a species_n of_o these_o author_n brain_n the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o book_n mounseur_fw-fr bossu's_fw-fr treatise_n of_o the_o epic_a poem_n book_n v._o concern_v the_o machine_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o deity_n in_o the_o former_a book_n concern_v the_o manner_n we_o discourse_v concern_v the_o terrestrial_a and_o mortal_a person_n and_o in_o this_o under_o the_o name_n of_o machine_n we_o shall_v treat_v concern_v the_o divine_a and_o immortal_a person_n so_o that_o this_o will_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o consequence_n of_o what_o have_v be_v say_v about_o the_o manner_n and_o the_o person_n since_o the_o god_n as_o well_o as_o man_n be_v actor_n in_o the_o epopéa_fw-la we_o show_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o in_o our_o first_o 2._o book_n where_o we_o likewise_o take_v notice_n that_o all_o these_o divine_a personage_n be_v allegorical_a we_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o they_o some_o be_v theological_a and_o be_v invent_v to_o explain_v the_o nature_n of_o god_n other_o be_v physical_a and_o they_o represent_v natural_a thing_n the_o last_o be_v moral_a and_o they_o be_v the_o representation_n of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n these_o three_o sort_n of_o divinity_n or_o allegory_n be_v sometime_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n now_o for_o instance_n of_o each_o and_o first_o we_o will_v begin_v with_o the_o theological_a in_o the_o convention_n of_o the_o god_n by_o which_o virgil_n open_v his_o ten_o book_n jupiter_n juno_n venus_n and_o we_o may_v add_v fate_n be_v personage_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n that_o be_v such_o as_o represent_v the_o divine_a nature_n divide_v into_o four_o person_n as_o into_o so_o many_o attribute_n potestas_fw-la jupiter_n be_v the_o power_n of_o god_n fate_n be_v his_o absolute_a will._n to_o which_o his_o very_a power_n submit_v because_o god_n never_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o will._n idem_fw-la fate_n therefore_o determine_v jupiter_n who_o of_o himself_o be_v indifferent_a and_o may_v as_o well_o act_v in_o behalf_n of_o turnus_n as_o in_o favour_n of_o aeneas_n and_o his_o party_n venus_n be_v the_o divine_a mercy_n and_o that_o love_n which_o god_n bear_v towards_o virtuous_a man_n by_o which_o he_o be_v induce_v never_o to_o forget_v they_o in_o the_o misery_n they_o endure_v upon_o earth_n but_o to_o help_v they_o out_o of_o they_o and_o final_o to_o reward_v they_o last_o juno_n be_v his_o justice_n this_o punish_v even_o the_o least_o offence_n spare_v not_o even_o the_o very_o best_a of_o man_n who_o not_o be_v whole_o innocent_a be_v punish_v severe_o for_o their_o default_n in_o this_o life_n where_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o temporal_a wrath_n of_o god_n be_v often_o declare_v against_o they_o and_o so_o persecute_v they_o that_o there_o may_v be_v nothing_o leave_v in_o they_o but_o what_o be_v virtuous_a meritorious_a and_o matter_n of_o reward_n this_o reward_n be_v reserve_v for_o they_o in_o heaven_n where_o this_o vindictive_a justice_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v and_o from_o whence_o it_o can_v exclude_v they_o as_o coelo_fw-la jupiter_n tell_v juno_n when_o he_o mention_v aeneas_n the_o poet_n suit_v himself_o to_o our_o gross_a way_n of_o conceive_v divine_a thing_n and_o to_o the_o infirmity_n of_o our_o mind_n which_o make_v we_o look_v upon_o these_o quality_n in_o god_n as_o opposite_a to_o one_o another_o dura_n mercy_n upbraid_v justice_n of_o its_o severity_n that_o it_o be_v never_o satisfy_v let_v good_a man_n suffer_v never_o so_o much_o and_o that_o it_o never_o allow_v they_o any_o repose_v here_o on_o earth_n whilst_o justice_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n accuse_v goodness_n and_o mercy_n of_o its_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v commit_v because_o it_o shelter_n criminal_n and_o put_v they_o in_o hope_n of_o go_v off_o unpunished_a the_o deity_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n that_o be_v pure_o physical_a be_v employ_v in_o the_o first_o book_n in_o raise_v the_o storm_n against_o aeneas_n aeolus_n be_v the_o power_n of_o nature_n which_o gather_v together_o about_o hill_n and_o in_o their_o cavern_n the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n whence_o wind_n be_v form_v and_o have_v digest_v these_o matter_n to_o a_o certain_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o dryness_n put_v they_o upon_o those_o motion_n and_o agitation_n which_o we_o call_v the_o wind_n it_o be_v thus_o that_o aeolus_n be_v their_o master_n these_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n arise_v in_o the_o air_n which_o be_v represent_v by_o juno_n it_o be_v therefore_o to_o this_o goddess_n that_o the_o god_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v behold_v for_o his_o heavenly_a cheer_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o take_v notice_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o person_n of_o eurus_n and_o zephyrus_n nor_o that_o of_o neptune_n who_o speak_v to_o they_o we_o have_v one_o instance_n of_o the_o moral_a deity_n in_o the_o engagement_n of_o turnus_n with_o aeneas_n the_o fury_n which_o jupiter_n send_v against_o turnus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o reproach_n of_o his_o conscience_n which_o show_v he_o his_o crime_n and_o impiety_n king_n latinus_n foretell_v he_o of_o this_o at_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o the_o war_n give_v he_o to_o understand_v that_o if_o he_o be_v so_o insolent_a as_o to_o despise_v the_o god_n when_o it_o be_v at_o his_o choice_n not_o to_o oppose_v their_o order_n he_o will_v at_o last_o be_v oblige_v when_o too_o late_o to_o one_o that_o