living Creatures are subjected to the Empire of the Soul and brought under its government and power Moreover by means of them the corporeal substance coheres with the incorporeal whereby it comes to pass that they are as it were the Bands that tie both Soul and Body together D. What is a Spirit C. A Spirit is an Airy thin transparent Substance the seat of natural Heat the Vehicle of the Faculties and the first Instrument that sets the Functions at work D. How many sorts of Spirits are there C. Two the one innate and the other infus'd D. What is the innate C. That which was ingrafted into the several Similar Parts by the first Beginnings of Generation the foundation of which is the Radical Moisture D. Which is the infus'd C. That which flows in from elsewhere and cherishes and preserves the innate every where conveighing Faculty and Heat to enable the Functions in their several Duties D. Of how many sorts is it C. Threefold Animal Vital and Natural D. What is the Animal Spirit C. A Spirit begat in the Ventricles of the Brain of Vital Spirit and inspir'd Air whence being distributed through the moving and sensitive Nerves it renders all the Parts of the Body capable of Sence and Motion D. What is the Vital Spirit C. That which is bred in the left part of the Heart of the natural Spirit and the Air suckt in by the Lungs whence it is convey'd through the Arteries to every part to cherish the inbred Spirit corroborate the natural Heat and restore strength D. What is the Natural Heat C. That which proceeding from the Liver is diffus'd together with the Bloud through all the Veins the Cause of Generation Nourishment and Growth Of the Faculties D. Thus far we have discours'd of the Parts both Solid and Fluid of Human Bodies let us say something concerning the Faculties and Functions of the Soul Give me then the Definition of a Soul C. A Soul is the form of a Living Body By Aristotle it is defin'd the Entelechy of a Natural Organic Body potentially having Life D. What is meant by Entelechia C. Some interpret the Word to be the gaining of Perfection others the Act of Perfection but the latter Interpretation does not please me for the Soul is not an Act but the Efficient Cause of the Act. And thus Life is the Act of the Soul not the Soul it self D. Seeing then we are come to the consideration of Man I would have thee explain what the Soul of Man is C. It is that which gives him Vegetal Sensual and Intellectual Life By Aristotle it is defin'd to be the Beginning of Living Perceiving and Understanding By others the first Cause of all the Functions of our Body for the performance of which it is endued with a manifold Ability or Faculty D. What is Faculty C. It is the inbred power of the Soul of which she makes use for the producing of Actions By Galen it is defin'd The Efficient Cause of Actions and is therefore a Faculty because whatever it does it is able to do so that under the Word Faculty is comprehended that which has a Power to act D. Why does Galen refer the Cause of Action to Temperament C. Because Temperament is the Cause why the Soul performs her Actions without which she could not Therefore sayes Galen in his Book of Conjecturing by the Pulses The Soul is seated in the commodious Temperament of the several Parts for that then every Part performs with vigor its proper Office when in best Temper On the other side it acts amiss and feebly when it is out of Temper D. Then the Soul it seems flows from Temperament unless you take the Soul to be Temperament it self C. I do not believe the Soul to be Temperament because the Soul is a Substance but Temperament is only an Accident But I believe that Faculty flows from both from the Soul as from the Essential Form which is the first and chief Cause of all those Actions which we daily perform from Temperament as from the accidental form which is the assisting Cause without whose aid Souls cannot produce Actions D. How many sorts of Faculties are there C. The Essence of the Soul is purely uncompounded because there is but one form of one Body but Faculty by the Physicians is said to be threefold Animal Vital and Natural D. Nature the Architectress of the Body when she first begins to raise the Frame bequeaths several Faculties to the single Parts for the preservation of the whole therefore there are as many Faculties of the Soul as Parts of the Body C. The Parts of the Body are endued every one with their proper Faculties on purpose to serve the whole with so many Actions which it cannot want so that the number of Faculties and Organic Parts must be equal But as the Parts so the Faculties are contain'd under three Principal Kinds Animal Vital and Natural D. What is the Animal Faculty C. It is that which is only enjoy'd by Animals from whence it derives its Name D. Of how many sorts is the Animal Faculty C. The Animal Faculty is threefold Principal perceiving and moving D. Which is the Principal Faculty C. That which resides only in the Brain and in no other of the Organs D. Of how many sorts is it C. By Galen it it is said to be threefold Imagination Ratiocination and Memory But the first and last are referred only to the interior Sense by those to whom the Understanding only proper to Man seems worthy the name of Principal D. What is Imagination C. It is that which receives and apprehends the Images and Idea's of things objected to it and accepted by the Senses out of which being for the most part mixt and confus'd it produces and forms many things which before fell not under the power of the senses D. What is Ratiocination C. The Mind is that with which Man endu'd excels all other Creatures by whose assistance it understands and knows things incorporeal and forms abstracted from all Matter drawing universal Notions of things sometimes out of one sometimes out of another D. What is Memory C. It is that which stores and lays up within it self the forms and Images of Things represented by the Phansie and recall'd to the judgment of Reason D. Where are the Principal Faculties of the Soul lodg'd C. The Arabians lodge the Imagination in the foremost Ventricles of the Brain Reason in the middle and Memory in the hindermost but the Grecks deny them to be confin'd to places affirming them to be diffus'd through all the corners and over all the substance of the Brain D. What think you of this Controversie C. I do not like the Opinion of the Arabians though grounded upon probable Arguments Avicen and Averroes endeavour to demonstrate that the Faculties have their distinct Seats from hence because that one of them sometimes is deprav'd without any hurt to the other concluding thence the improbability
Head the Consequence of which was a Delirium All the Remedies that the most Famous Physicians of Tours could imagine were apply'd but all to no purpose wherefore he was remov'd to Pressignac at a good distance from the King's Court whither I was call'd together with three other of the most eminent to try our Skill but notwithstanding all the most violent Remedies that could be rationally us'd not being able to vanquish the Distemper at length he dy'd Lethargic His Body being open'd under the formost right-side Ventricle a part of it was apparently corrupted in which there appear'd various and sundry forms of an Aposteme the Vesicles of which were about the bigness of a Pine-Nut This Observation I thought fit to give thee an accompt of by the way Now let us return to the General Discourse of Apostemes Of how many sorts are Tumors preternatural C. Fourfold Phlegmone Erysipelas Oedema and Skirrus D. What is Phlegmone C. It is a Tumor preternatural caus'd by the Bloud starting out of the Veins and dilating the Part with Heat Redness Paint Beating and resisting the Touch. D. What is an Erysipelas C. An Inflammation very hot lying in the Skin and sometimes incroaching upon the Flesh underneath proceeding from a Choleric hot Blood which by reason of its thinness causes no great Swelling but disperses it self in length and breadth every way D. What is an Oedema C. A cold loose white Tumor void of pain leaving the print of the finger that touches it proceeding from a Phlegmatic Humor D. What is a Skirrhus C. A hard resisting Tumor void of pain with little or no sence of feeling proceeding from a Melancholy Humor D. What is a Wound C. It is a new separation of the Contiguity in soft parts by some Cut Bite or other external Accident D. What is an Vlcer C. The separation of the Continuity in soft parts made by Corrosion D. What is a Fracture C. It is the Union of the Bone separated occasioned by some external Accident bruising or breaking the same D. What is Luxation C. It is the falling or slipping of a Joynt out of its proper place into another to the impeding the voluntary Motion Of Morbific Causes D. What is here meant by the word Cause C. An Affection against Nature which causes the Disease the knowledge of which is call'd Aetiology D. The Cause of a Disease is generally substantial as some Humor or Wind or something else preternatural as a Stone but Affection is a Quality therefore Affection is not properly the cause of a Disease C. The Word Affection is otherwise us'd by Galen and Aristotle that is for every thing that is able to destroy the natural Temper and Structure of the Body and injure its Actions whether it be Substance or Quality D. Of how many sorts are Morbisic Causes C. Twofold Internal and External D. Which is the Internal Cause C. That which resides within the Body D. Of how many sorts is this C. Twofold the preceding and containing D. Which is the Antecedent Cause C. That which nourishes the Disease D. Of how many kinds C. Two Plethoric and Cacochymic D. What is the Plethora C. A Redundancy of all the Humors equally augmented or else a redundancy of the Blood alone D. How many kinds are there of Plethora C. Two the one in respect of the Strength the other in respect of the Vessels D. What is a Plethora in respect of the Strength C. When the Blood neither in quantity nor quality exceeding due measure yet oppresses the Strength debilitated by some other Cause D. What is a Plethora as to the Vessels C. When the Humor exceeds its due measure which is either light when it only fills the Cavity of the Veins and only exceeds proportion by a little or distensive when it distends and almost rends the Tunicles of the Veins D. How does the Plethora in respect of the Vessels and that other in respect of the Strength differ C. When during the Plethora the Body waxes heavy yet the Strength of all parts remains equal only there is a fulness of the Vessels But if the Body and the Arteries wax heavy and the motion grows slow if a drowsie disturb'd and unquiet Sleep follow and the Patient complain of being oppress'd by some weight or that he carries some burden or dream he cannot be remov'd out of his place then it is an over-fulness oppressing the Strength D. What are the Signs of a Plethory C. The Antecedent are the Causes breeding plenty of Blood such as are the just temper of the Body Age the Spring-Season a temperate Clime good Diet and the accustomed evacuation of Blood suppressed But the consequent Causes are Accidents which demonstrate an over-fulness and predominancy of the Blood as a red colour in the Face swelling of the Veins dilatation of the Vessels a spontaneous stretching Lassitude a bigger Bulk of Body a fleshy habit of Body a merry and jocund disposition stupidity drowsiness a strong Pulse and thick difficulty of breathing and an aptness to bleed c. D. What is Cacochymy C. Cacochymy is the redundancy of yellow or black Choler or Flegm whence it is said to be threefold Choleric Melancholic and Flegmatic D. By what Signs is a Choleric Cacochymy known C. First from the Causes demonstrating exuberancy of Choler as a hot and dry Constitution a constant and florid Age Summer a dry Season a hot and dry Clime a hot and dry Diet and then by the signs of yellow Choler abounding in the Body as a pale Face yellow or blackish a dry Habit of Body lean slender hairy acute Senses swift and expedite a sharp and diligent Wit little Sleep and unquiet much Waking Dreams of War a swift and frequent Pulse want of Stomach an unquenchable Thirst his Vomits and Stools full of Choler Urine yellow or somewhat inclining to Flame colour with little sediment c. D. By what signs is a Melancholy Cacochymy understood C. First from the Causes shewing the Exuberancy of Melancholy a natural Temper cold and dry weakness of the Spleen inclining Age Autumn-Season strong Diet a melancholy way of living Then from the several signs of prevailing Melancholy a Leaden colour in the Countenance a dry habit of Body and lean a fix'd Aspect grim and sowr full of fear and sadness turbulent Sleep little and slow Pulse c. D. By what Signs is a Flegmatic Cacochymy distinguish'd C. First from the Causes that increase Flegm a Temper cold and moist old Age Winter-Season a moist constitution of the Air unseasonable Eating a sedentary Life and long Sleep Then from the Signs demonstrating redundancy of Flegm a white livid complexion swell'd cheeks a large sat body small veins white hair slow in his Actions thick skull'd a profound sleeper dreaming much of Water and drowning a slow soft Pulse c. D. What is the containing Cause C. That which most nearly breeds the Disease by some call'd the conjoyn'd cause D. Well then I will
with the Body moves the Heart concocts in the Stomach and Liver and performs all the other Offices of Life Therefore the Pulse is a Natural motion of the Heart proceeding from the Natural Faculty of the Soul which is not voluntary but vital D. How many Actions proceed from the Natural Faculty C. The Nutritive increasing and generative Faculties D. What is Nutrition C. Nutrition is the conversion of the receiv'd Aliment into the substance of the Body D. How is Nutrition brought to pass C. That same Juice which being to nourish every part of the Body falls from the Vessels is first dispers'd into every part then apply'd and agglutinated and after that assimilated so that Nutrition is a perfect Assimilation but that Assimilation may be brought to pass Agglutination must precede and before that Application D. Which are the Assistants of Nutrition C. Attraction Retention Concoction and Expulsion D. How are these Actions brought to perfection C. They are all except Concoction brought to perfection by the help of the Fibres Attraction by the aid of the streight Fibres Retention of the oblique and Expulsion by the assistance of the transverse For as the Muicles contracted at our will and pleasure and as it were reduc'd to their Original cause Motion so it happens to the Natural Instruments that by the streight fibres through the only instinct of Nature contracted the Nourishment is attracted by the transverse fibres contracted whatever lay in the more roomy space is by that contraction expell'd But because the oblique fibres being stretch'd forth admit neither of a shorter or narrower capacity Nature observing a kind of equality and constancy they contain every thing and neither attract nor expel D. How is Concoction perfected C. By the innate Heat alone D. How many sorts of Concoction can you reckon C. Three The first in the Stomach the second in the Liver and the third in the several Parts D. What is Increasing C. It is the enlargement of the several Parts into length breadth and depth D. What is Generation C. It is the Production of a new substance therefore it is not a simple action of Nature but compounded of Mutation and Formation By these two Actions all Generation is brought to perfection For when any substance is changed into another it suffers a mutation of its proper Essence as when out of the procreative Seed and Bloud a Bone or a Nerve or any other Part is generated being withall fashion'd into the shape agreeable to Nature But this Function then chiefly acts it part when the Birth lies in the Womb. The Dean's Judgment of the Candidate's Merit In this Physiological Examination Candidate Thou hast given us such a Specimen of thy Learning and Industry that if thou answer'st my Fellow-Collegiates that are to dispute with thee so accurately and acutely as to the other Parts of Physic I judge thee worthy Apollo's Lawrel THE SECOND DISPUTATION Of Things not Natural in the Vse of which that Part of Physic which concerns the Method of preserving Health consists Doctor HAving made and Explanation of Natural Things we are now to proceed to things not Natural What are Things not Natural Cand. Such as preserve the Natural Constitution of Man D. Why are they so call'd C. Because they are not of the Nature of Man nor against his Nature D. How many things not Natural are there C. Six in Number The ambient Air Meat and Drink Sleep and Waking Motion and Rest Expulsion and Retention and the Passions of the Mind in the true Use of which consists the Method of Preserving Health D. Are they all necessary to the Preservation of Man's Body C. So necessary that without the use of every one Human Life cannot subsist For in regard there is a continual waste of our threefold substance by the innate Heat there is a necessity of restoring the spirituous by Air of the solid by Meat and of the humid by Drink Sleep is also necessary for the Concoction of Nutriment and to reinforce the wasted Spirits It is necessary we should wake that the functions of the Soul may have liberty to act Exercise is necessary to excite the Natural Heat Alternate Rest is requisite to relieve the Members weary'd by Labour And in regard that Nature is not able to convert all the Nourishment we receive into the substance of the Body is is but necessary that the Excrements should be expell'd And the Passions of the Mind cannot be avoyded in regard of the Objects Good and Evil. D. Wherein consists the Method of preserving Health C. In the convenient Quality Quantity Manner and Time of using the several things not Natural Of the Ambient Air. D. What Air is to be chosen to preserve a sound Health C. Such an Air as is neither too fat nor thick nor misty by reason of adjoyning Lakes or Rivers but thin and serene neither over-hot nor over-moist nor over-cold nor over-dry but temperate not infected with the exhalations of standing Waters common Sewers nor Church-Yards nor defil'd with Dunghils or the corruption and stench of things either superior or inferior nor in a Vally surrounded with high Mountains or in any hollow place where the Wind has no power D. How much Air is requisite for a man to draw C. Strong People the more Breath they fetch the better they are in health but for weak Persons and such are newly recover'd from Sickness to remove out of a close into a free and open Air is dangerous D. How are they then to order themselves in the use of Air C. They must by degrees and insensisibly accustom themselves to a more free and plentiful Air. D. When may they most safely oppose themselves to a freer Air C. Upon serene days when the Air is neither too hot with the Sun-Beams nor over-cold and the Wind is not too high Of Meat and Drink D. What sort of Meat is to be made choice of for the preservation of Health C. That which consists of good Juice easie of Digestion and which contains the least Excrement On the other side Meat whose Juice is evil hard of concoction and abounding with excrement is to be avoided D. What Meat is that which affords good Juice C. That which is neither hotter nor colder nor drier nor moister then it should be but temperate neither too glutinous nor too thin for such food breeds Blood of a laudable temperature and consistence neither too thick nor too serous D. How much food is to be taken C. So much as may suffice to restore the wasted substance of the Body therefore they who abound with natural heat and use much exercise because they make a great waste of their substance need a larger supply of food On the other side they whose natural heat is weak and live at ease ought to be moderate in eating and the more plain and simple the Diet is so much the more familiar to Nature And as Sobriety is most wholesom so plenty and
be sound only we observ'd his Pericardium to be full not only of Water but a great quantity of thick Bloud which upon some vehement motion foregoing the Heart being contracted through extream Grief had made its way through the two Lappets and suddenly suffocated the Principle of Life whence follow'd sudden Death Through Fear also the Spirits and Bloud are drawn back to their first Fountain whence it comes to pass that the Parts wax cold the Countenance grows pale the Body quivers Utterance fails and the force and strength of the whole Frame grows weak and faint On the other side in Anger the motion of the Natural Heat is more vehement which at length throws it self forth with violence into the outmost parts From whence the Countenance becomes red and the whole Body being warm becomes more bold and ready to put it self forth into danger In Shame both the inner and outer Parts suffer because the Heat first flies to the inner Parts and then throws it self forth again Seeing then the force of the Perturbations of the Mind is so great it behoves the Physician to correct or expel them by all the Art imaginable THE THIRD DISPUTATION Of Things Preter-Natural In the Knowledge of Pathology employs it self Doctor THus far of things Natural and not Natural it remains behind to treat of things Preternatural What are Preternatural things Cand. Those things which destroy the Natural Constitution of the Body of Man are call'd Affections or such Postures of Evil under which the Body suffers which being by the Greeks call'd Pathe therefore the Learning which handles these Affections is call'd Pathology D. How many Preternatural Affections are there C. Three The Disease the Cause and the Symptom In regard that every Affection of the Body receding from its natural Constitution is either a Disease or the Cause of Disease or a Symptom as Galen testifies l. 1. De Diff. Symp. D. How are they distinguish'd one from another C. That Affection which hinders the Action is call'd a Disease if any thing follow this a Symptom that which occasions it the Cause Of Diseases D. What is a Disease C. A Disease is a Preternatural Affection by which the Action is first harm'd D. I thus dispute against it Every Disease is not a Disposition therefore is ill defin'd by Galen C. I deny the Antecedent D I prove it thus For the most part a Disease is a Habit but Disposition is not a Habit yea it is oppos'd to Habit by Aristotle because Habit is a permanent Quality which cannot easily be remov'd from the Subject but Disposition is a Quality that may be easily remov'd from the Subject C. The Word Disposition that is Affection is understood by Galen not according to that more special signification wherein Disposition that is a preparation to Habit is us'd by Aristotle but according to the more general signification under which he comprehends Disposition and Habit for some Diseases easily come and soon go off others are with difficulty remov'd D. Moreover by this Argument I prove that the Disease does not in the first place injure the Action Faculty differs from Action as the Cause from the Effect but the Disease first injures the Faculty therefore the Action is not first injur'd C. That is false in an Organic Distemper for the Use of the Instrument may be hinder'd without any injury to the Faculty D. However in a similar Disease the Faculty is injur'd before the Action C. I answer A Physician makes his Judgment of all things according to Sense but we do not find the Faculty hurt before we find the Action fail D. Besides I thus prove That every Disease does not injure the Action A Wound is a Disease but the Functions of the wounded Part remain entire because it attracts retains assimilates the Bloud and lastly restores the portion of Flesh cut off There every Disease does not injure the Action C. I Answer these things are performed by the found part which are next to the Wound D. How many general Divisions are there of a Disease C. A Disease is threefold Similar Organic and Common D. What is a Similar Disease C. A Distemper which first injures the Action of the Similar Part. D. Of how many sorts is Distemper C. It is either Simple or Compound A Simple Distemper is either hot cold moist or dry The Compound Distemper is either hot and moist hot and dry cold and moist cold and dry at that either alone or joyn'd with Matter D. What is an Organic Distemper C. A Disproportion of the Structure which first injures the use of the Organ D. Of how many sorts is it C. It is fourfold either in the forming the Magnitude the Number or Situation D. What is the Disease of Form C. The Disease of Form is when the natural Figure of the Frame is deprav'd or when a Passage or Cavity is dilated beyond measure or streightn'd or obstructed where it should not be or when the Part is rough where it should be smooth or smooth where it should be rough D. What is the Disease of Magnitude C. The Disease of Magnitude is when any Part is increa'sd or diminish'd beyond or beneath its due proportion D. What is the Disease of Number C. The Disease of Number is when any Part is wanting or superabounds D. What is the Disease of Situation C. When any Part loosens from its proper place as when the Kall or great Gut falls into the Scrotum D. What is the Common Disease C. The separation of the Continuity which hinders the Functions of both parts D. Of how many sorts is the separation of Continuity C. Fourfold A Wound an Ulcer a Fracture a putting out of Joynt which may be likewise call'd a Disease in Situation D. Why do you here omit a Tumor against Nature C. Because a Tumor preternatural is said to be a compounded Disease of Distemper ill Figure and separation of the Continuity by a Word from the Greek call'd an Aposteme D. How many significations will the Word Aposteme bear C. Two The one General and the other Special for generally the Word Aposteme is taken for any Tumor which is preternatural but specially for an Inflammation brought to Suppuration and many times for a Tumor wherein some certain Matter appears in the Vesicle resembling Honey or Grease or thick Grewel D. Where do these Apostemes breed C. In the extream Parts of the Body D. There 't is true they use to breed but we observ'd not long since a new place which they had found out never heard of before in the Schools of the Physicians The most Illustrious the Marquess of Monte-pezzati a Person of a sharp Wit upon the ceasing of a Dysentery to which he had been subject from his younger years and after a suppression of the Emrods which for eight years together had kept their constant course in the 49th year of his Age 1619. he was taken at Tours with a violent and obstinate pain in the
Breast for the Air is not drawn nor the Vapors excluded without the motion of the Breast D. Which are the Instruments for the Pulses C. The Arteries D. Which is the principal Organ of the Natural Functions C. The Liver for it is the Original of the natural Faculty and of all the Veins and the first Instrument of the generation of Blood D. How many sorts of Organs are subservient to the natural Faculty C. Two sorts for some are appropriated for nourishment others appointed for generation D. Which are the assisting Organs of nourishment C. They are of three sorts some for preparation some for purgation and some for distribution of the Nourishment D. Which are for preparation of the Nourishment C. The Mouth and Stomach prepare the Nourishment the one by Mastication the other by Concoction D. Which serve for Purgation C. They are of two sorts for it is the Office of some to purge the Chylus for the Excrements of the Chylus are sent forth from the Belly but the Bladder of the Gall the Spleen the Kidneys and Bladder are the Organs appointed to purge the Bloud for they receive and separate from the Bloud those excrementitious Humors begot in the Chylous matter at the time that it turns to Bloud D. Which serve for the Distribution of the Nourishment C. The Veins D. Thou hast reck'nd up all the Organs serving to Nourishment now give me an accompt of the Organs of Generation C. The Organs of Generation some are common both to Male and Female some proper to each Sex D. which are common to both Sexes C. Testicles and Spermatick Vessels as well preparing as conveighing the Seed D. Which Proper C. The Yard to the Male the Womb to the Female Of the Humors D. Having thus reck'nd up the parts containing now for the parts contain'd Which then are the Parts contain'd C. The fluid parts which are supported by the help of others such as are the Humors and Spirits D. How many Humors are contain'd in the Body C. Besides the Primogeneous Humor or that which comes naturally of it self there are two other adventitious that is to say the Alimentary and Excrementitious D. What d' ye mean by the Primogenious Humor C. A certain Oily substance bred in the more solid parts of the Body from their first Original being the Basis and Seat of Spirit and innate Heat and is therefore call'd by the name of Radical Moisture D. Which d' ye call the Alimentary humors C. The Juices of the solid parts appointed for nourishment which derive their original from a commixture of the four Elements D. Which the Excrementitious C. The superfluous moisture in the Body useful to Nature D. How are the Alimentary humors distinguished C. Into Primary and Secondary D. Which are accompted the Primary C. Those which are distributed by the Chylus in the Liver by the Power of its natural inbred heat through the Veins to the several parts of the Body for their Nourishment D. How many Primary Humors are there C. Four Bloud Choler Melancholy and Flegm Which are all mix'd together in the Veins This mixture of the four Humors is call'd the Sanguinary Mass by reason that the Bloud has the greatest share in it D. What is to be understood by the Word Blood C. The Word Blood is sometimes taken in a diffusive Sence for the whole Mass of the Bloud but properly it signifies the more pure and enlivening part of it D. What is the Temperature of the Bloud C. The Bloud generally taken for the whole Mass of Bloud is well temper'd in regard the temperature arises from an equal mixture of the future contrary humors together with a just proportion and decent Harmony of the same but being consider'd in it self as pure and limpid it is hot and moist and somthing of the nature of Air Nor is it differenc'd from the rest of the humors by reason of this peculiar temper only but also by its Consistency Colour Taste and Use D. What is the Consistency of the Bloud what its Colour Taste and Use C. The Bloud is of a consistency so thin that while it is kept within the bounds of Nature it appears neither thicker nor thinner of a red Colour and sweet Taste It nourishes chiefly the musculous parts while it hai the predominancy and makes men fleshy lively handsom good disposition'd and cheerful D. In what Ages is the Bloud most prevalent C. In Children Youth and Young men thus Galen affirms That Boys Young men and Striplings between both enjoy most of the sanguine Humor as in whom the first Principles of Life are yet most vigorous D. When does it most abound in the Body C. The Bloud is most plentiful in the Spring because then the Frosts are dissolv'd and the Waters are let loose according to the Opinion of Hippocrates D. What is Choler C. Alimentary Choler is the more thin part of the Sanguinary Mass partaking of the Nature of Fire in Temperament hot and dry of a pale or yellow Colour bitter in Taste and causes men to be lean tough active rash and hasty nourishing those parts which are most akin to its Nature wherein it differs from the excrementitious D. What is the excrementitious Choler C. That which is sent to the Bladder or Bagg of the Gall to hasten the expulsion of the Excrements and to cleanse the Guts of any slimy matter sticking to them D. In what sort of persons is Choler most predominant C. Yellow Choler abounds most in those who are in the Prime of their Age as Galen avers D. When does it most abound C. Choler abounds most in the Summer as Hippocrates declares as also in a dry season of the Air for that drought renders the hands more Choleric in quality as Galen delivers his judgment D. What is Melancholy C. Alimentary Melancholy is the thicker part of the Sanguinary Mass of the nature of the Earth in temper cold and dry of a black colour sowr in taste and renders men sad thoughtful morose severe and constant it nourishes the most solid and dry parts of the Body as the Bones where it differs from the excrementitious D. Which is the excrementitious Melancholy C. That which is carried to the Milt where it is separated from the more useful Juice that affords it nourishment and so poured out into the Stomach to excite the Appetite and to strengthen the Faculty which retains the meat there during Concoction D. What sort of People are most subject to Melancholy C. Black Melancholy is most exuberant in the declining Age of Men by the Authority of Galen D. When does it most abound in the Body C. Black Melancholy abounds most in the Autumnal Season as Hippocrates relates D. What is Flegm C. Alimentary Flegm is the more liquid part of the sanguinary Mass of the nature of Water in temper cold and moist of a white colour and sweet Taste or rather without any savour It makes men sloathful sleepy dull fat white and
variety of Victuals clogs and tires the Stomach D. What method is to be observ'd in eating C. Meat before it be swallow'd ought to be very well chew'd by the Teeth And there is this order to be observ'd in feeding that the liquid must precede the solid the light the heavy and the loosning the binding victuals D. When is the best time to feed C. A man ought to feed at a set hour the first being concocted and descended into his Belly having before us'd sufficient exercise and the Appetite calling for it that Nature which does her Work at a prefix'd time may the more chearfully attend the work of Concoction D. What sort of Drink is best for the preservation of Health C. Of all sorts of Drink Wine is chiefly to be commended but somewhat red sometimes white clear thin not sweet not sharp fine and rather small then too strong with a larger quantity of Water in the Summer then in the Winter But to men of hot tempers Water is more convenient then Wine of which the best is the clearest and lightest without the least ill scent or savour Sider and Perry is better then Water Ale and Beer well brew'd of Barly-water and Hops for those People that live in the North Parts is a good sort of Drink so it be clear thin and neither too new mor too small D. How much Drink is sufficient C. So much as is answerable to the Meat receiv'd Solid and dry Diet requires more liberal drinking for liquid and moist Meats more moderate drinking will suffice But as for Wine if it be immoderately taken it tears up the strength of Body and Mind and hastens Old Age. D. What is the method of Drinking C. Too much Drink at Meals causes the Meat to float in the Stomach nor is it good to drink too sparingly for that suffices not to quench thirst and frequent drinking between Meals hinders Concoction but all Drink whether Wine or Ale made cooler either by Water Snow or Nitre to cool the Summer-heat is to be avoided as pernicious to the Nerves D. When is it proper to drink at Meals C. As Hunger argues a necessity of eating so Thirst implies a necessity of drinking to supply the Radical Moisture But though a man be not adry when he has eaten the half of the solid meat he intends it is yet then good to drink to mix and moisten it in the Stomach by which means it may be the more easily digested and convey'd to the Liver for that Drink is the Vehicle of the Meat But before Meat and presently after Meals after Bathing or while a man is in a Sweat all drinking is to be forborn Of Sleeping and Waking D. What Sleep is requisite for the Health of the Body D. Quiet sound and moderate for that Sleep is not commendable which is disturb'd with restless Dreams nor so slight as to be disturb'd with the least noise worst of all immoderate sleep for it hinders the due expulsion of the Excrements out of the Body and detains them beyond their time it begets abundance of Superfluities renders the Brain more cold and moist breeds the Head-Ach and causes Drowniness of the Mind and Dulness of the Senses D. How long time may a man be allow'd for Sleep C. Of this Judgment is to be made from the perfect Concoction of the Elements for no certain time can be ascribed to all persons in regard that some concoct sooner some later However for the most part six seven or eight hours at most is to be allotted for the time of sleep But for the determining the proportion of sleep we must consider the Temper Age Nourishment received and Labour the person has more Sleep then the Flegmatic Old men than Young men they that feed more liberally then they that feed sparingly and they that have labour'd either with Body or Mind then they that have used none D. Which is the best way for a man to lie when he takes his rest C. Let a man lie first upon his right side that his Meat may descend more quickly to the bottom of his Stomach then upon his left that by the Stomach 's resting toward the Liver Concoction may be forwarded which done let him turn again upon his right side that the Chylus may be more easily distributed to the Liver Add to this that the shifting of sides in this manner does not a little refresh the weariness of the Body Lying upon the Back is condemned by all as being the occasion of many Diseases and lying upon the face is bad for those who are troubled with defluctions in the Eyes D. What time is most wholesom for Sleep C. The most convenient time is the Night two or three hours after Supper the Night being most fit for Sleep by reason of its Moisture and Tranquility Besides that it affords time enough to perfect the Concoction of the Meat there being no occasion for a man to disturb his through exigency of business On the other side sleeping by day is most pernicious because it fills the Brain with too much moisture which ought rather to be dried up by waking D. What Waking is most wholesom C. As moderate Sleep is wholesom immoderate hurtful the same is to be said of waking for as too much Sleep over-cools and moistens the Brain so excess of waking weakens the Temper of the Brain debilitates the Senses hinders Concoction and begets Grudities for that while a man wakes the Natural Heat together with the Bloud and Spirit keeps out in the external parts so that as the Night is the season for Sleep so is the Day for Waking Wherefore it was the Precept of Hippocrates to sleep by night and wake by day for the night causes a better concoction and the day a better distribution of Nourishment and expulsion of Excrements Besides the Animal Faculty is more encourag'd to labour in her Functions by the heat and light of the Day Of Exercise D. What Exercise is requisite C. Not too easie nor too vehement not too swift nor too slow but moderate However the Flegmatic require a stronger and more violent Exercise then the Choleric Equality in Exercise is preferr'd before Inequality And that Exercise which most delights the Mind ought to be look'd upon as the most wholesom D. How long is Exercise to be continu'd C. Till the Body grow warm and a lively Colour appear in the Countenance together with a Sweat mix'd with a hot Vapour till the Respiration be large yet easie and while the Motion continues equal and brisk While any of these fail 't is time to desist lest the Body grow colder drier and leaner with long exercise But always let the exercise of the person be answerable to his Food for the more liberally or sparingly a man feeds the more or less he ought to exercise D. What is the method of Exercise C. Exercise is requisite as often as the Body is fed a gentle motion at first then more
prove there is no conjoyn'd cause The containing cause is that which while it is present the Disease remains but when it is remov'd the Disease ceases But every cause of a Disease being taken away the Disease is not remov'd therefore there is no containing Cause C. I deny the Minor D. I prove it if every cause of a Disease being remov'd the Disease should be removd there would be no need of Remedies to cure a Disease but beside the Remedies which are provided to remove the Morbific Cause as for the curing of a bad Temper which are first prescrib'd for the evacuation of the Humor causing the illness of Temper there are requir'd likewise others to correct the bad Temper as hot Remedies in a cold Distemper therefore the Cause being taken away the Disease is not remov'd C. I answer Where the Cause is conjoyn'd with the Disease take away the cause and all those diseases are remov'd nor will there want any further cure But as to those diseases of which there is no other internal cause but a Plethory or Cacochymy such as are essential Fevers tho both those were remov'd yet they require proper remedies to perfect the cure D. Then I argue thus If there were any conjoyn'd cause it would appear more especially in a Phlegmone for the inherent Humor fix'd in the part inflam'd would then be the conjoyn'd cause of the Phlegmone but the inherent and fix'd Hum or into the part affected is not the cause conjoyn'd therefore there is no conjoyn'd cause of a Disease C. I deny the Minor D. I prove the Minor The Disease and the Cause of the Disease differ but that Humor is the Phlegmone it self therefore not the conjoyn'd cause of the Phlegmone C. I deny the Minor D. I prove the Minor Where the Definition agrees to that also the thing defin'd agrees But the Definition of a Phlegmone exactly agrees with the Humor fix'd in the part inflam'd therefore it is the Phlegmone C. I deny the Minor D. I prove the Minor A Phlegmone is a hot distemper inflaming the part where it is fix'd swelling and distending it so that primarily and of it self it hinders the function of the part but that Humor which is infix'd in the part burns distends oppresses and so being the Phlegmone injures the Function primarily and by it self without the aggravation of any other Accident C. I answer That the Humor fix'd in the part inflam'd is a Substance that the Phlegmon is an Accident therefore differs in the whole Genus so far is the Definition from agreeing to both D. Which is the external Cause C. That which happens from without and alters the Body extreamly call'd the pre-incipient and evident vulgarly the Primitive And it is so much the evident cause of the Disease by how much it is a thing not natural For the Air causes a Disease when it is intemperate and impure And the Nourishment if it exceed or be defective or if it be bad or not taken as it ought to be Also Motion and Rest Sleep and Waking when either are immoderate Also when such things are retain'd that ought to be expell'd and such things are expell'd that ought to be retain'd they breed a Disease as also the Passions of the Mind if they be immoderate Of Symptoms D. What is a Symptom C. The Word Symptom taken in a large sence signifies whatever happens to a living Creature preternaturally And so it is us'd generally for every preternatural Affection But properly taken a Symptom is defin'd An Affection against Nature which follows the Disease as the Shadow follows the Body And therefore some of the Grecian Physicians rather chose to call it the Succedent then a Symptom tho the Word Symptom exactly agree with it as coming from a Greek Word which signifies to fall together for no other reason but because it accompanies the Disease D. How many are the kinds of Symptoms C. Three Injury of the Actions Excretion and Retention deviating from the custom of Nature and sensible Affections of the Body preternatural D. What are the differences of Actions injur'd C. The difference of injur'd Actions is to be gather'd from the number of Actions safe and uninjur'd for they are injuries done either to the Animal Vital or Natural Actions D. By how many ways is every one of these injur'd C. Every Animal Vital and Natural Action is injur'd two ways either because it is not done or ill done And ill doing is twofold either feebly or not as it ought to be So that there is a threefold annoyance of every Action D. What are the Annoyances of the Animal Functions C. The Annoyances of the principal Functions are the debilitating depraving and destruction of the Imagination Memory and Ratiocination Among which Madness Lunacy and Delirium are accompted chief The common Injuries of the sensible Actions are deprivation of the Senses and difficulty of Apprehension which denotes a vitiated Sence Restless waking and drowsie Sleep are accompted Injuries of the inner Sense but there are particular injuries of every outward Sense as to the Eyes are Blindness Dimness of Sight or a deprav'd Sight as to the Ears Deafness Thickness of hearing or a deprav'd Hearing As to the rest tho they want proper terms of expression yet there is the same proportion Feeling in its Function has one proper Symptom above all the rest which is Pain The Annoyances of the moving Actions are Immobility difficult Motion or a deprav'd Motion as Trembling Convulsive or Panting There is also privation of Speech difficulty of Speech and deprav'd Speech D. What are the Annoyances of the Vital Functions C. Among the Annoyances of the Vital Actions are reckon'd Privation of the Pulse and a deprav'd Pulse also stopping of the Breath and difficulty of Breathing D. What are the Injuries of the Natural Functions C. The Injuries of the Appetite are loss of Stomach a Canine Appetite and a deprav'd Appetite The Injuries of concoction and crudity slow concoction and difficult concoction As many are the Injuries of Retention and Expulsion tho wanting proper Terms And indeed every Action may be said to be injur'd three wayes if it be done feebly or not as it ought to be or not at all D. Why does a deprav'd Expulsion and Retention attend the Injuries of the Functions C. The due course of the Excrements is impeded in regard that the expulsive Faculty is excessively disorder'd and the same reason for the retentive Faculty D. What is the Ametry or Disorder of the Excrements C. A vicious annoyance which the Excrements have contracted by receding from the due course of Nature D. Of how many sorts is it C. Threefold in Substance in Quantity and in Quality in regard that the Purgations of the Body are preternaturally detain'd therein or else recede and deviate from the due course of Nature either in their whole substance or in quantity or in quality Thus saies Galen Lib. 6. De Sympt D. What d' ye call
How many are the principal Critical Days C. Three the seventh fourteenth and twentieth The seventh is the term of peracute Diseases the fourteenth of simply acute the twentieth of acute Diseases that were slow from the beginning or such whose Acuteness did not last D. What is the Cause of Critical Days C. The cause of Critical Days is twofold the one Material the other Efficient The Material is a noxious Humor peccant both in quality and quantity The Efficient is twofold the one universal and most remote the Heaven all whose Influences the inferior Moon receives and communicates them to us The other particular and near that is to say Nature which tho void of Counsel and Reason has certain motions confin'd to certain Order and therefore has made choice of the seventh fourteenth and twentieth day for the Perfection of Crisis's D. But why is the twentieth day more critical then the twenty first seeing all the Sevenths are perfectly critical C. I answer that the twenty first is the end of the third Seventh for of the three Sevenths only the first is to be reckon'd whole and the second is copulated with the third so that the fourteenth day is the beginning of the Second and beginning of the third D. Why are both the latter Sevenths coupled together shorter by one day then the first C. That happens for two reasons the first is because the natural Motion of which kind is the Critical is slower in the beginning swifter in the end Secondly because the morbifick Matter attenuated and mitigated during the first Seventh is more easily and swiftly expell'd by Nature in the following Septenaries D. Is not the 21st sometimes critical C. Yes for in regard the thicker and more contumacious Matter of the Disease is not so easily overcome by Nature the Crisis is sometimes prolong'd to the 21th day and then the Septenaries are all equal Therefore says Hippocrates when a Crisis happens upon odd days there is the 3 7 9 11 14 17 21. Sweats are good in Feavers that appear upon the 3 5 7 9 11 14 17 21 so that altho we give the pre-eminence to the 20 yet we do not exclude the 21th D. Which are the indicatory days C. Those which prepare us to judge the future Crisis upon the three seventh days D. How many are they reckon'd to be C. Three the 4th 11th 17th To which the Prerogative of judging is deny'd for the Judgment made upon those days is imperfect only they may give some light into the true Crisis for the 4th is the Index of the 7th the 10th of the 14th and the 17th of the 20th D. Is that perpetual C. Yes yes if there be nothing internal or external that disturbs the ordinary course of Nature as if the Physitian has not mistaken or that the Patient or Tenders have not gone according to Directions For it may happen through some external cause that the 4th may not always be the Index of the 7th nor the 11th of the 14. nor the 17th of the 21th D. Which are the interfalling days C. Those that provoke Nature and cause Purgations before their time as in the first Septenary the third and fifth in the second the 9th and 13th in the third â—he 19th These days are indicatory and preparatory because they are uneven but the Crisis that is made upon those days is imperfect and dangerous in regard that Nature is so prevoked by the malignant Quality of the morbific Humor that she only expels crude and concocted together and good Humors with bad D. How are the other Days call'd C. The other interfalling days are the 6th 8th 10th 12th 16th 18th and these are call'd Vacant Days because they are neither Critical nor Indicatory nor Provocative For tho some Purgations may happen upon those days yet they all proceed from the malignity of the Disease not from Nature either victorious or exasperated and therefore they are only Symptomatical not Critical The 6th of all dayes is the worst cruel treacherous and altogether an Enemy to the 7th Wherefore the latter is lik'nd to a merciful Prince who rescues many from Destruction the 6th day by Galen is call'd a Tyrant in regard it precipitates all that â—â—e sick into their Tombs or at least to great danger of Death The Vacant Days by some Learned Physitians are call'd Med'cinal because upon those Days the Physician may safely administer his Cathartic Remedies which he dares not do upon the Critical days for fear of disturbing Nature FINIS Books Printed for Dorman Newman at the Kings Arms in the Poultrey A Compleat Treatie of the Muscles as they appear in Humane Bodies and arise in Dissection with diverse Anatomical Observations not yet discovered Illustrated with near 40 Copper Plates c. By J. Brown Sworn Chyrurgeon in ordinary to His Majesty Basiâ— Valentine his Triumphant Chariot of Antimony with Annotations of Theodore Kirkâ—ingius M. D. With the True Book of the Learned Synesius concerning the Philosophers Stone in 80. With Cuts Exercitationes Anatomicae a Roberto Bayfield Editio secunda 12. Philosophical Diâ—logues concerning the Principles of Natural I Bodies c. By W. Simpson M. D. in 12. Medela Medicorum or An Enquiry into the Reasons and Grounds of the Contempt of Physicians and their Noble Art By Dr. Simpson in 12. An Essay towards the History and Cure of Feavers By Dr. Simpson in 12. The Method and Means of enjoying Health and Long Life Adapting peculiar Courses for different Constitutions Ages Abilities Valetudinary States Individual Proprieties Habituated Customs and passions of Mind Suiting Preservatives and Correctives to every Person for attainment thereof By Edward Mâ—ynwaring M. D. 80. Kitchen-Physick c. 80.