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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42276	An history of the late warres and other state affaires of the best part of Christendom beginning with the King of Swethlands entrance into Germany, and continuing in the yeare 1640 / written in Italian by the Count Galliazzo Gualdo Priorato and in English by the Right Honourable Henry Earle of Monmouth.; Historia delle guerre di Ferdinando II, e Ferdinando III imperatori, e del rè Filippo IV di Spagna, contro Gostavo Adolfo, rè di Suetia, e Luigi XIII rè di Francia. English	Gualdo Priorato, Galeazzo, conte, 1606-1678.; Monmouth, Henry Carey, Earl of, 1596-1661.	1648 (1648)	Wing G2167; ESTC R15163	532,651	508

gave out that he would quarter his whole Army that Winter in the State of Milan but these words tooke not effect for Leganes having brought the greatest part of his Army about Valenza the Marshall altered his mind and returned to Winter in his former quarters of Piemont and Montferrat Whereby the Spaniards finding it an easie matter to take Brem they had many reasons to goe about it before they should betake themselves to their Winter quarters and before the French should receive more recruits from France But the season proved afterwards so exceeding wet and the wayes so deepe as they could not without much incommoditie march with their Cannon wherefore upon better advice Leganes resolved to leave garrisons on the Frontiers particularly in Lumello and Carasona whose fortifications were not yet perfected and disperse his Army in the Townes of that state with intention to appeare in the Spring with greater numbers in the field and doe that which though it was deferred was not forgotten The face of affaires was changed in Lombardy by the death of Victorios Amadreo Duke of Savoy as also by the decease of Charles Duke of Mantua who died a little before the other on the 21th of September For Charles having left his Grandchild very young and his sonnes Wife Mary Governesse of her sonne till he should come to bee 18 yeares old 't was foreseen that from hence alteration would proceed for the wiser sort were of opinion that the Princesse was of another genius then was Charles who could not forget his affection to the French and that the greater part of the Mantoans being Leaguniosised and not onely naturally small friends to Forrainers but much exasperated against those whom they termed the cause of their ruine they might easily perswade the young lady to keep faire correspondency with the Spaniard under whom they thought themselves to be bettered when indeed they were by so much more impaired by how much a King of Spaine is greater then a Duke of Mantua at which the French who through Charles his unadvisednesse were now in the best Townes of Montferrat taking offence some adverse accident might fall out Others said the Duchesse being but young and much solicited by her mother Marguerit of Savoy and the Empresse Ellinor she might perhaps listen to a new marriage And that when the Infante of Spaine could get footing in Mantua and in the right of the young Lady lawfully keep what he had gotten in Montferrat hee would willingly yeeld to marry her and that the Princesse would not be unwilling to better her condition in these present emergencies from whence great troubles must needs arise for if the Spaniards should once get into Mantua and the Citadell of Casalle there was no hope though they might intend to restore the state to the lawfull heire that ever they would take their garrisons out of such important places Whereupon every Potentate apprehending the Spaniards greatnesse they would prepare to obviat what might prove prejudiciall to them and so those poore Countries would bee the Scaene of Warre Some notwithstanding replied to the discourse touching this marriage with reasons not improbable to wit that it would hardly be affected for that the Princesse being esteemed to be fruitfull it did not comply with the Spaniards that their Kings brother should have children out of the reason of State of keeping the government in one onely and that therefore when they should thinke upon a match for him they were to provide a Wife that were barren and on the other side they aswell saw that if the Mantuans should keep constant to the French they should not onely be treated by them as subjects and the Duke of Mantua's Authority be assubjected to the pleasure of France but which was of greater consideration if the Spaniards could not beare that the French Forces should bee in Cassalle they would consequently never be contented till they were removed from thence So as the Warre hapning in an Orphans state his subjects were likely to prove the mischiefes thereof although others reflecting hereupon and who were not of opinion that this made for the Duke did probably maintaine that Warre was little or nothing troublesome to those who were therein brought up and that both parties being desirous to keep that warlike people well affected to them they should be gently proceeded with by them both and being well treated they might consequently by making the best of their affaires expect more profit from Warre then from Peace But it was not long ere the effects of such cogitations began to shew themselves For the Princesse taking upon her the government of her sonne and being more addicted to the Italian gravity then to the French freedome seemed little satisfied with the proceedings of the French and in particular she seemed not to be well pleased with Monsieur de Torre who commanded under Charles as generall of all his Forces for he not able to submit the French liberty to the moderation of Italy had by his affability won the good will of many and almost got all the Nobility of Mantua to follow his Capricioes so as basterdizing the customes of Mantua with the mode of France his actions were no wayes pleasing to the Princes nor yet to others who knew it was not fit to introduce such a noveltie So as aswell to free her selfe from such a spectacle as also to injoy that soveraignty which became her and which was by this man through his Kings authority in some sort moderated as also that by so doing she might partly shew the Spaniards her Mother and her Aunt that she was independant as concerning France and for other reasons the Princesse so behaved her selfe as she made Monsieur de Torre depart from Mantua who going to Venice and from thence being sent for into Montferrat the superintendency of Cassalle was committed to his charge and the French by these demonstrations growing jealous of the Princesse and her Ministers of state they fell to such resolutions in Casall as shall hereafter be mentioned But to returne to the Duke he was well enough composed in the parts of his body and no lesse inriched in those of his minde for to boot with a generall knowledge he was easily appeased and governed by reason his being borne and bred up in France was the cause why he as all others who naturally affect their owne Country taken with the courteous behaviour of the French Nobility by the good entertainment he partook of at the Court and by addition of his naturall clymat could not when he was transplanted into Italy overcome his nature by art so as rather then to forgoe his affection to France he incurr'd the anger of Spaine and submitted his state to the discretion of their Forces which peradventure hee might have shunn'd and would have been more advantagious to him then Warre if with the change of soyle hee could have changed that genius which made him beare so great an inclination

consider his fortune the quality and numbers of his Commanders and Souldiers will see that no Emperour since Charles the firsts time had a more flourishing Army greater store of Souldiers more able Commanders nor more absolute experience leaving out many who betooke themselves to serve other Princes after his charge was taken from him at the Dyet at Ratisbon I cannot omit to put you minde of what might be hoped for from the valour of Godfrey Pappenheim Iohn Aldringer Philip Mansfeild Baron Cronemberg Holch Offcuts Schamburg Tiffembec Festemberg Ghets Merodes Fuchari Harnem D'Harcourt Asfelt Benecawsem and other Dutch Gentlemen each of which was worthy to lead an Army and governe a Province as likewise from the vertue and beyond humane intelligence of a Mathias Gallasso Ernestus Montecuculi Octavius Picolomini Hanniball Gonsag● Peter Ferari Iames Stozzi Ralphe Coll●redo Marques Grana Duke Savell Chiesa Isolan● and others all fit for chiefe Commanders besides an infinit number of other hopefull and worthy Colonels The Austrian jealousies being buried with Walesteine the Caesarian Court and Spanish Counsellours began to thinke of choosing another Generall The Spaniards desired the place of Generalissimo might be conferred upon the King of Hungary who they hoped would be advised by them as also that they doe not willingly submit to be commanded by any of another Nation contrary and to the shame of many other Countries who for base lucre hire themselves out to serve this or that man and oft-times beare Armes against their naturall Prince They did this likewise for that by his Majesties marching into the Field many of the Nobility of Hungary Bohemia and Austria would be invited to follow him and fall to raising of Souldiers This Election was put to the Vote and jointly agreed upon by the whole Councell whereupon great hast was made in giving a beginning to the businesse and in raising Forces aswell in all the Territories belonging unto the Emperour as also in Italy so to bring the Army into a better condition for the Spaniards who had the whole mannaging of this affaire were diligent in making their Counsels prove advantagious and that they might impede all murmurings which might easily arise from hence they purposed to be in such a condition at their appearing in the field as that they might do some-what which he had not yet done whose ruine they were said to have been and therefore they made use of their Forces and advice knowing that if after Walesteines death the affaires of the Empire should impaire all the blame should be laid upon them the people would have occasion to complain of their behaviours and be inforced to withdraw themselves to their owne affaires in Germany that Walesteine would be declared to have been an honest man since things are so carried in the world as men never looke to the good intentions wherewith ought is done but onely to the good or bad effects which result from thence and mens ey● are onely set upon such things as are of profit and advantage and not upon such from which though without any fault of the agents any harme or prejudice is received The Baron Offcuts Serjeant-Major-Generall of the Battaile Colonell Spor and other Commanders and Officers were afterwards arrested as complices with Walesteine who upon hearing such as were found guilty were punished and the innocent set at liberty In Slesia this meane while Landsperg which was besieged by the Saxons after the Imperialists returne into Bohemia being inforced by want of victuals threw open the gates to the Enemy and on the first day of Aprill 1300 Foot and 350 Horse marched out of it Some Troops of the Imperialists kept in Rinfield under the Cōmand of Colonell Mertij who scouring the Country and molesting such as were quartered in those parts did not a little indammage them when Count Philip Ringr●ve thinking to free himselfe of this trouble resolved to bring his Forces before it which though there were no great appearance that it would make any great defence yet the bodies of valiant Souldiers being that which oft-times makes the trenches the Caesarians did here so valiantly withstand the Swedes onset and the Governour shewed so much resolution and judgement as that making use of such defences as would have served others rather for a cause of feare then confidence he made continually new intrenchments digging up new grounds filling houses up with earth making Palisadoes and Wood-workes where any breach was made in the Wals by the Swedish Artillery as when the Enemy thought to enter the Towne through any such breach they then found greater hinderances for these their inward trenches being furnished with coragious valiant Muskettiers with Morter-pieces loaded w th bags of Bullets and with Pikemen whilst the Swedes got upon the battered Wals ready to leap into the Towne they received such salutations of Musket-shot as they were forced to retreat and thinke of some other meanes how to advance and win ground in the which they lost so much time so many men as that the Imperialists did bravely and as I may say almost beyond example make their party good from the 4th of Aprill till the 18th of August At last more overcome by Hunger then by the Enemy they capitulated and Martij marched forth with 400 Foot and 30 Horse to his unspeakable glory in having so long defended so weake a hold But if the Swedes made these proceedings in Alsatia the Duke of Bavaria was not the meane while idle who having made all requisite Provisions for the recovery of Ratisbon by which he was not a little incommodated he marched with an Army of 14000 Souldiers towards Strawbing the last day save one of March against the which he planted his Cannon and the Swedish Garrison having for some dayes made stout resistance they articled at last and threw open their Gates unto his Highnesse On the other side Horne in upper Swabenland having well-weighed the Austrians proceedings and knowing that Miminghen would bee a place fitting for his purpose to make there an Arsenall of Armes and a Magazine of all fitting Provisions that he and his Forces might keep in those parts he resolved to try the taking of it whereupon comming before it and beginning gallantly to play upon it with 14 piece of Cannon the Imperialists under the cōmand of Count D'Arcus having couragiously maintained the Assault wanting succour and not being above 700 Foot to defend so great a circuit of Wall were at last inforced to yeeld and upon Articles to open the Gates to the Conquerour The Duke of Lorayn who at this time kept in the Vogesan Mountains which border upon the uttermost parts of Lorayne towards Burgundy and Germany perceiving by the French-mens surprisall of Lorayne by their Garrison in Nancy by other places possest by their Forces and by the King of France's anger occasioned by Duke Charles his sinister behaviour and chiefely by reason of his Brothers marriage who married the Princesse Margueret at