place_n of_o a_o ship_n in_o a_o voyage_n p._n 361_o lib._n 1._o c._n 2._o a_o half_a english_a foot_n a_o half_a dutch_a and_o also_o a_o old_a roman_a half_a foot_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o paris_n in_o french_a and_o also_o a_o half_a greek_a foot_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o antwerp_n in_o handers_n a_o half_a egyptian_a foot_n from_o alexandria_n a_o half_a babylonian_a foot_n mention_v by_o historian_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o venice_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o toledo_n in_o spain_n a_o half_a foot_n of_o vienna_n in_o austria_n the_o proportion_n of_o diverse_a mile_n according_a to_o their_o compaired_a length_n lib._n 1._o c._n 2._o a_o indian_a mile_n a_o russian_a mile_n a_o mile_n of_o cambaja_n a_o english_a mile_n a_o french_a mile_n and_o almost_o a_o old_a arabian_a league_n a_o holland_n mile_n a_o spanish_a league_n a_o german_a mile_n a_o swedish_n mile_n the_o absolute_a or_o complete_a part_n of_o general_n geography_n book_n i._o sect_n i._o chap._n i._o concern_v the_o precognita_n or_o thing_n know_v before_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o art_n itself_o as_o the_o definition_n division_n object_n property_n principle_n order_n method_n original_a excellency_n and_o other_o affection_n of_o geography_n to_o be_v speak_v of_o by_o way_n of_o preface_n necessary_a a_o preface_n to_o a_o art_n very_o necessary_a the_o custom_n or_o fashion_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n prevail_v that_o they_o who_o complete_o treat_v of_o and_o handle_v any_o art_n or_o science_n do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n declare_v some_o thing_n touch_v the_o condition_n method_n constitution_n and_o other_o property_n of_o their_o doctrine_n neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o this_o be_v do_v by_o they_o without_o reason_n so_o that_o it_o be_v perform_v without_o any_o sophistical_a encroachment_n see_v that_o by_o such_o like_a forehad_a instruction_n the_o reader_n understanding_n may_v beforehand_o conceive_v a_o certain_a idea_n or_o platform_n of_o the_o whole_a art_n or_o science_n to_o be_v afterward_o handle_v or_o at_o least_o may_v understand_v the_o argument_n or_o content_n thereof_o and_o withal_o may_v gather_v thereby_o how_o he_o ought_v to_o order_v himself_o in_o the_o study_v the_o same_o i_o therefore_o shall_v in_o this_o chapter_n deliver_v some_o few_o passage_n concern_v the_o same_o the_o definition_n of_o geography_n geography_n be_v call_v a_o mix_v mathematical_a science_n which_o teach_v the_o affection_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o part_n thereof_o depend_v of_o quantity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o figure_n place_n magnitude_n and_o other_o like_a property_n geography_n by_o some_o but_o too_o strict_o be_v take_v for_o the_o only_a description_n and_o place_v the_o country_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a by_o other_o it_o be_v extend_v but_o too_o large_o to_o the_o political_a description_n of_o every_o country_n but_o these_o man_n be_v easy_o excuse_v see_v they_o do_v it_o to_o retain_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o reader_n affection_n who_o otherwise_o by_o a_o bare_a account_n and_o naked_a description_n of_o those_o country_n will_v be_v make_v drowsy_a and_o heedless_a the_o division_n of_o geography_n we_o will_v divide_v geography_n into_o general_n and_o special_a or_o universal_a and_o particular_a general_n or_o universal_a geography_n be_v that_o which_o do_v general_o consider_v the_o earth_n and_o declare_v its_o property_n without_o any_o respect_n of_o particular_a country_n special_a or_o particular_a geography_n be_v that_o which_o teach_v the_o constitution_n and_o place_n of_o all_o single_a country_n or_o every_o country_n by_o itself_o and_o this_o particular_a geography_n be_v twofold_a part_n particular_a geography_n twofold_a chorographical_a and_o topographical_n general_n geography_n and_o its_o part_n to_o wit_n chorography_n and_o topography_n chorography_n propose_v the_o description_n of_o any_o country_n have_v at_o least_o a_o mean_a magnitude_n topography_n describe_v any_o little_a tract_n of_o land_n or_o place_n in_o this_o book_n we_o will_v present_v you_o with_o a_o general_n geography_n which_o we_o have_v distribute_v into_o three_o part_n to_o wit_n the_o absolute_a part_n the_o respective_a part_n and_o the_o comparative_a part_n in_o the_o absolute_a part_n we_o will_v consider_v the_o very_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o its_o part_n and_o proper_a affection_n and_o quality_n as_o figure_n magnitude_n motion_n land_n sea_n river_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o respective_a part_n we_o will_v contemplate_v those_o property_n and_o accident_n which_o from_o celestial_a cause_n happen_v to_o the_o earth_n and_o last_o the_o comparative_a part_n shall_v contain_v a_o explication_n of_o those_o property_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o compare_v of_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o object_n of_o geography_n the_o object_n of_o geography_n or_o subject_a about_o which_o it_o be_v employ_v be_v the_o earth_n but_o principal_o its_o superficies_n and_o part_n the_o property_n of_o geography_n those_o thing_n which_o deserve_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o every_o country_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o a_o triple_a kind_n to_o wit_n celestial_a terrestrial_a and_o human_a and_o therefore_o may_v be_v declare_v in_o the_o particular_a geography_n for_o every_o country_n with_o the_o profit_n of_o learner_n and_o reader_n geography_n the_o celestial_a property_n of_o geography_n i_o call_v those_o celestial_a property_n which_o depend_v on_o the_o apparent_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n star_n and_o other_o planet_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v eight_o 1._o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o from_o the_o pole_n 2._o the_o obliquity_n or_o wriness_n of_o the_o daily_a motion_n of_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n 3._o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o long_a and_o short_a day_n 4._o the_o climate_n and_o zone_n 5._o heatt_z and_o cold_a and_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o rain_n snow_n wind_n and_o other_o meteor_n for_o although_o these_o thing_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o terrestrial_a property_n yet_o because_o they_o have_v a_o great_a affinity_n with_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n therefore_o we_o have_v marshal_v they_o in_o the_o order_n and_o rank_n of_o celestial_n 6._o the_o rise_n of_o the_o star_n their_o appearance_n and_o continuance_n above_o the_o horizon_n 7._o the_o star_n pass_v through_o the_o vertical_a point_n of_o the_o place_n 8._o the_o quantity_n or_o swiftness_n of_o the_o motion_n wherewith_o according_a to_o copernicus_n his_o hypothesis_n each_o one_o be_v very_a hour_n wheel_v about_o according_a to_o astrologer_n a_o nine_o property_n may_v be_v add_v because_o they_o do_v appoint_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o peculiar_a planet_n of_o that_o sign_n to_o rule_v and_o govern_v every_o country_n but_o this_o doctrine_n have_v ever_o seem_v to_o i_o frivolous_a neither_o can_v i_o perceive_v any_o ground_n for_o it_o nevertheless_o at_o the_o end_n of_o our_o special_a or_o particular_a geography_n we_o will_v reckon_v up_o this_o their_o distribution_n these_o may_v suffice_v for_o the_o celestial_a affection_n or_o property_n i_o call_v those_o terrestrial_a property_n which_o be_v consider_v in_o the_o place_n of_o every_o country_n itself_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v note_v ten._n 1._o the_o bound_n and_o circumference_n of_o the_o country_n 2_o it_o be_v figure_n 3_o it_o be_v magnitude_n 4_o its_o mountain_n 5_o its_o water_n as_o river_n spring_n bay_n of_o the_o sea_n 6_o the_o wood_n and_o desert_n 7_o the_o fruitfulness_n and_o barrenness_n as_o also_o the_o kind_n of_o fruit_n 8_o the_o mineral_n or_o thing_n dig_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n 9_o the_o live_a creature_n 10_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o first_o terrestrial_a property_n to_o wit_v the_o circumference_n geography_n the_o humane_a property_n of_o geography_n i_o make_v the_o three_o kind_n of_o property_n which_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v in_o every_o country_n to_o be_v humane_a which_o do_v depend_v of_o the_o man_n or_o native_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n of_o which_o humane_a property_n about_o ten_o also_o may_v be_v make_v 1._o the_o stature_n of_o the_o native_n as_o to_o their_o shape_n colour_n length_n of_o life_n original_a meat_n drink_v &_o c._n 2_o their_o traffic_v and_o art_n in_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v employ_v 3_o their_o virtue_n vice_n learning_n wit_n &_o c._n 4_o their_o custom_n in_o marriage_n christen_n burial_n &_o c._n 5_o their_o speech_n and_o language_n 6_o their_o state-government_n 7_o their_o religion_n and_o church-government_n 8_o their_o city_n and_o most_o renown_a place_n 9_o their_o memorable_a history_n and10_n their_o famous_a man_n artifices_fw-la and_o invention_n of_o the_o native_n of_o all_o country_n
many_o place_n but_o in_o some_o in_o great_a quantity_n than_o in_o other_o malabar_n serpent_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n and_o at_o cambaja_n serpent_n be_v discover_v on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n to_o seaman_n that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o those_o region_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o new_a spain_n many_o root_n bulrush_n and_o leave_n like_v unto_o figleaf_n float_n on_o the_o water_n which_o they_o eat_v and_o be_v in_o taste_n like_o unto_o colewort_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o first_o navigation_n of_o the_o dutch_a unto_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n we_o read_v that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n in_o anno_fw-la 1599_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o silver-river_n or_o rio_n de_fw-fr laplata_fw-la in_o brasil_n appear_v of_o a_o red_a and_o bloody_a colour_n but_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o a_o bucket_n or_o the_o like_a when_o that_o they_o have_v more_o thorough_o view_v it_o they_o find_v that_o a_o innumerable_a multitude_n of_o worm_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n be_v contain_v in_o that_o water_n and_o be_v take_v up_o in_o the_o hand_n they_o leap_v like_a unto_o flea_n and_o these_o seaman_n call_v sea-flea_n and_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o come_v from_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o small_a crab_n which_o be_v find_v on_o the_o south_n continent_n fill_v the_o sea_n here_o be_v no_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o animal_n of_o which_o there_o be_v various_a kind_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xvii_o why_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n season_n seem_v to_o glitter_v especial_o if_o that_o the_o wave_n be_v raise_v the_o more_o vehement_o by_o the_o wind_n shine_v the_o sea_n in_o the_o night_n seem_v to_o glitter_v or_o shine_v this_o question_n require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o that_o difficulty_n concern_v the_o cause_n of_o colour_n divers_a be_v the_o resolution_n of_o philosopher_n concern_v they_o but_o as_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o propose_a phenomenon_n or_o question_n that_o opinion_n seem_v the_o most_o commodious_a which_o show_v how_o colour_n do_v exist_v or_o rather_o appear_v from_o a_o certain_a and_o various_a motion_n but_o we_o leave_v the_o accurate_a explication_n of_o the_o same_o to_o naturalist_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o ocean_n or_o rather_o all_o water_n cast_v out_o terrestrial_a body_n on_o the_o shore_n especial_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n shore_n terrestrial_a body_n be_v cast_v out_o of_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o shore_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o this_o property_n which_o experience_n sufficient_o testify_v for_o water_n be_v never_o without_o some_o motion_n which_o if_o it_o be_v swift_a and_o towards_o one_o quarter_n it_o carry_v terrestrial_a body_n with_o it_o until_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o shore_n where_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o cease_v vigour_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n those_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v lay_v down_o but_o in_o the_o ocean_n the_o wave_n be_v carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o by_o these_o the_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n and_o because_o that_o all_o wave_n tend_v to_o some_o coast_n of_o land_n therefore_o all_o terrestrial_a body_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o shore_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n be_v the_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o vain_a be_v their_o opinion_n who_o believe_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v a_o animal_n and_o to_o have_v sense_n by_o which_o it_o purge_v itself_o from_o all_o dregs_o terrestrial_a body_n but_o here_o the_o cause_n be_v sufficient_o manifest_a chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o general_n and_o in_o particular_a of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n proposition_n i._o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o by_o which_o it_o move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n unto_o these_o that_o be_v more_o low_a but_o if_o the_o vicine_fw-la place_n or_o body_n be_v equal_a or_o of_o a_o great_a altitude_n than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n than_o the_o water_n natural_o rest_v that_o be_v it_o be_v not_o move_v except_o that_o it_o be_v compel_v by_o a_o violent_a cause_n one_o water_n have_v no_o natural_a motion_n except_o one_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o vulgar_a experience_n for_o if_o that_o a_o vessel_n contain_v water_n be_v move_v the_o water_n so_o long_o fluctuate_v in_o it_o until_o no_o part_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o that_o be_v until_o they_o compose_v a_o spherical_a figure_n or_o superficies_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n for_o although_o this_o motion_n have_v a_o violent_a cause_n viz._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a question_n concern_v this_o cause_n and_o it_o be_v so_o manifest_a in_o the_o water_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o from_o a_o external_a cause_n so_o for_o to_o distinguish_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o other_o motion_n we_o term_v it_o natural_a now_o this_o motion_n be_v unto_o that_o quarter_n unto_o which_o the_o place_n more_o depress_v be_v situate_v proposition_n ii_o when_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v the_o whole_a ocean_n be_v move_v or_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o be_v also_o move_v but_o by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o that_o every_o one_o be_v near_a the_o part_n move_v for_o because_o that_o if_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v it_o do_v necessary_o change_v place_n and_o therefore_o this_o place_n be_v more_o low_a than_o the_o place_n of_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n this_o near_a water_n shall_v be_v move_v into_o this_o place_n and_o the_o vicine_fw-la water_n of_o that_o into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o and_o so_o forward_o in_o the_o other_o part_n but_o there_o be_v lesser_a motion_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n proposition_n iii_o to_o observe_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v tend_v the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v move_v tend_v choose_v a_o time_n if_o you_o can_v when_o no_o violent_a wind_n blow_v and_o cast_v into_o the_o water_n a_o body_n almost_o of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o the_o water_n let_v the_o place_n be_v observe_v where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o to_o wit_n let_v the_o boat_n remain_v there_o immovable_a then_o when_o that_o this_o body_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o sea_n a_o moderate_a space_n from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v cast_v in_o then_o let_v another_o boat_n be_v place_v of_o that_o and_o let_v the_o quarter_n be_v observe_v into_o which_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o second_o boat_n verge_v from_o the_o former_a for_o this_o also_o shall_v be_v the_o quarter_n in_o which_o we_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n at_o that_o time_n be_v move_v proposition_n iu._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v either_o direct_a or_o a_o vortex_n or_o a_o concussion_n i_o call_v that_o direct_v which_o tend_v unto_o some_o quarter_n a_o vortex_n when_o the_o water_n move_v into_o a_o round_a and_o be_v in_o some_o part_n reject_v a_o concussion_n when_o it_o tremble_v but_o lay_v aside_o the_o two_o latter_a unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o chapter_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o the_o direct_a motion_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v call_v this_o by_o a_o general_a term_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n v._o of_o the_o motion_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n some_o be_v general_a some_o proper_a and_o singular_a other_o some_o contingent_a sea_n general_n proper_a and_o singular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o call_v that_o general_n which_o be_v find_v almost_o in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o that_o at_o all_o time_n i_o call_v those_o proper_a and_o special_a motion_n by_o which_o only_a some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v and_o they_o be_v twofold_a perpetual_a and_o anniversary_n the_o former_a be_v those_o which_o persist_v without_o mutation_n or_o cessation_n the_o other_o which_o be_v find_v at_o certain_a month_n or_o day_n of_o the_o year_n in_o some_o certain_a sea_n i_o call_v those_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n contingent_a which_o without_o any_o certain_a order_n sometime_o do_v cease_v and_o other_o some_o begin_v such_o be_v infinite_a proposition_n vi_o wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o contingent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n force_v the_o sea_n to_o a_o quarter_n opposite_a to_o the_o wind_n neither_o be_v the_o sea_n ever_o free_a from_o such_o motion_n sea_n wind_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o see_v that_o the_o air_n touch_v the_o sea_n and_o the_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o strong_a commotion_n of_o
a_o c_o to_o be_v a_o f_o a_o g_o a_o h_o a_o k_o as_o they_o be_v equal_v a_o b_o f_o g_o g_o h_o h_o k_o whence_o the_o part_n b_o c_o cd_o d_o e_z seem_v elevate_v as_o if_o they_o be_v f_z g_o g_o h_o h_o k._n or_o more_o brief_o because_o the_o eye_n be_v more_o elevate_v to_o behold_v object_n remote_a than_o it_o be_v depress_v at_o thing_n near_o therefore_o remote_a thing_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v elevate_v and_o those_o nigh_o depress_v or_o because_o we_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n vicine_fw-la therefore_o we_o judge_v they_o depress_v but_o we_o can_v so_o compare_v the_o elevation_n of_o our_o eye_n to_o part_n remote_a wherefore_o they_o seem_v more_o elevate_v than_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v so_o therefore_o we_o see_v from_o this_o that_o the_o ocean_n to_o one_o that_o behold_v it_o from_o the_o shoar_n seem_v high_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o remote_a from_o thence_o i_o say_v it_o be_v no_o probation_n that_o it_o be_v more_o elevate_v some_o render_v another_o reason_n viz._n that_o therefore_o a_o great_a altitude_n be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n than_o to_o the_o earth_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o suppose_v that_o otherwise_o it_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o water_n shall_v flow_v from_o the_o ocean_n to_o fountain_n of_o river_n which_o fountain_n be_v in_o mediterranean_a plane_n see_v that_o no_o water_n flow_v but_o from_o a_o high_a place_n unto_o one_o more_o low_o depress_v but_o i_o shall_v show_v it_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o another_o way_n in_o the_o chapter_n where_o i_o treat_v of_o the_o original_a of_o river_n or_o fountain_n and_o so_o also_o any_o one_o may_v infer_v that_o the_o mountain_n of_o teneriff_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o also_o other_o mountain_n as_o to_o be_v behold_v in_o the_o ocean_n for_o so_o long_a a_o interval_n at_o four_o degree_n except_o that_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n or_o the_o ocean_n be_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o shoar_n of_o teneriff_n but_o what_o answer_n be_v to_o be_v return_v to_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n ii_o see_v chap._n ii_o whee_fw-mi we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o original_a or_o height_n of_o mountain_n proposition_n iv_o to_o exhibit_v the_o cause_n and_o original_a of_o gulf_n bay_n and_o strait_n of_o the_o ocean_n ocean_n the_o cause_n of_o gulf_n bay_n and_o strait_n in_o the_o ocean_n these_o bay_n in_o proper_a manner_n of_o speech_n be_v the_o sinus_n of_o the_o land_n not_o of_o the_o ocean_n but_o rather_o arm_n branch_n and_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o more_o proper_o we_o may_v term_v those_o to_o be_v sinus_fw-la or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n where_o the_o ocean_n receive_v into_o itself_o peninsula_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o where_o it_o receive_v jutland_n the_o chersonesus_n of_o malacca_n california_n and_o the_o like_a but_o the_o usual_a mode_n of_o speech_n have_v so_o obtain_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n the_o word_n be_v so_o take_v in_o the_o first_o signification_n and_o a_o sinus_n or_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o same_o with_o a_o branch_n or_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n bay_n the_o cause_n of_o bay_n the_o cause_n of_o these_o sinus_n or_o bays_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o extant_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o some_o place_n mutual_o rend_v from_o one_o another_o and_o divaricate_v so_o that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n interpose_v between_o the_o divaricate_v part_n be_v more_o depress_v than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o water_n always_o tend_v to_o the_o more_o depress_a part_n flow_v into_o the_o divaricate_v part_n and_o run_v forward_o so_o far_o until_o it_o meet_v the_o elevation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o here_o it_o can_v go_v no_o far_o and_o therefore_o it_o receive_v its_o end_n or_o bound_v the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o separation_n or_o divarication_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v require_v to_o the_o existence_n of_o bay_n and_o strait_n be_v the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n when_o it_o be_v force_v by_o wind_n or_o some_o other_o cause_n which_o see_v that_o it_o be_v do_v almost_o every_o day_n so_o that_o it_o beat_v the_o land_n with_o its_o wave_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o shore_n the_o land_n be_v so_o shake_v that_o it_o fall_v on_o the_o rush_n in_o of_o the_o ocean_n and_o make_v way_n for_o it_o and_o if_o the_o land_n adjoin_v to_o the_o shore_n be_v depress_v bay_n do_v more_o easy_o arise_v viz_o when_o the_o land_n of_o the_o shore_n be_v break_v through_o the_o water_n will_v overflow_v the_o adjacent_a land_n and_o so_o make_v a_o bay_n if_o that_o the_o land_n be_v so_o depress_v or_o consist_v of_o so_o much_o matter_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v remove_v by_o the_o violent_a wave_n and_o so_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o bay_n and_o strait_n may_v be_v make_v and_o exist_v anew_o but_o thence_o we_o may_v not_o conclude_v that_o all_o bay_n and_o strait_n that_o be_v at_o this_o day_n be_v so_o generate_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o some_o exi_v with_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o ocean_n and_o therefore_o coeval_fw-fr with_o the_o very_a ocean_n for_o there_o be_v no_o record_n of_o the_o make_n of_o any_o new_a bay_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o streight_n although_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n fabulous_o report_v such_o concern_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o gaditan_a or_o herculean_a strait_n viz._n they_o say_v that_o the_o mountain_n calpe_n on_o the_o spanish_a coast_n and_o the_o mountain_n abyla_n on_o the_o african_a coast_n be_v one_o mountain_n but_o separate_v by_o hercules_n whence_o they_o call_v these_o mountain_n hercules_n pillar_n and_o the_o strait_n hercules_n streights_n italy_n the_o strait_n between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o strait_n between_o sicily_n and_o italy_n which_o the_o ancient_n believe_v to_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o incursion_n of_o the_o sea_n we_o ought_v less_o to_o doubt_v that_o such_o small_a strait_n shall_v be_v generate_v for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o such_o like_a may_v be_v generate_v at_o this_o day_n also_o bay_n may_v be_v make_v of_o strait_n and_o strait_n may_v become_v bay_n for_o example_n if_o that_o either_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o magellans_n streights_n or_o of_o the_o strait_n of_o manilhas_n shall_v be_v obstruct_v those_o strait_n will_v become_v long_a bay_n on_o the_o contrary_a if_o that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o asia_n and_o africa_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o than_o the_o whole_a red_a sea_n will_v become_v a_o straight_a through_o which_o a_o ship_n may_v sail_v from_o the_o indian_a ocean_n into_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n proposition_n v._o whether_o the_o ocean_n every_o where_o be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n that_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n be_v in_o its_o natural_a constitution_n and_o all_o impediment_n remove_v be_v manifest_a from_o the_o first_o proposition_n by_o which_o we_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v spherical_a and_o that_o its_o centre_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n in_o all_o its_o part_n but_o here_o be_v a_o doubt_n whether_o there_o be_v not_o some_o cause_n that_o may_v render_v some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n more_o high_a than_o other_o this_o be_v most_o worthy_a of_o consideration_n and_o be_v also_o of_o great_a moment_n when_o we_o consult_v concern_v the_o dig_v through_o of_o isthmuss_n and_o conjoin_v part_n of_o the_o sea_n many_o will_v have_v that_o the_o ocean_n and_o earth_n be_v high_a about_o the_o north_n and_o low_a about_o the_o equator_fw-la so_o aristotle_n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr coelo_fw-la cap._n 2._o they_o allege_v this_o reason_n that_o the_o ocean_n seem_v to_o flow_v from_o the_o north_n region_n as_o from_o a_o fountain_n but_o we_o can_v conclude_v any_o thing_n certain_a from_o this_o for_o whether_o the_o northern_a land_n especial_o the_o north_n channel_n be_v more_o high_a or_o low_a than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o land_n near_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v yet_o doubt_v neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_o prove_v from_o the_o motion_n because_o this_o be_v not_o general_a or_o be_v not_o find_v in_o all_o the_o northern_a region_n and_o if_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o the_o north_n shall_v be_v grant_v yet_o thence_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o the_o ocean_n be_v there_o
for_o some_o month_n be_v less_o frequent_a or_o not_o at_o all_o for_o either_o they_o perish_v by_o shipwreck_n be_v carry_v or_o force_v on_o the_o rock_n that_o lay_v hide_v beyond_o all_o expectation_n or_o else_o the_o seaman_n perish_v by_o famine_n be_v detain_v in_o this_o gulf_n but_o yet_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o common_a to_o the_o whole_a aethiopic_a ocean_n but_o only_o to_o that_o part_n which_o adjoin_v to_o the_o coast_n of_o guinee_n even_o to_o that_o gulf_n or_o bay_n for_o in_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v above_o the_o distance_n of_o fourteen_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o mariner_n sail_v by_o those_o coast_n be_v very_o cautious_a not_o to_o approach_v over_o near_o unto_o they_o so_o that_o they_o may_v steer_v their_o course_n according_a to_o their_o mind_n and_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o appoint_a place_n now_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o literal_a motion_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o neighbour_a ocean_n be_v move_v by_o a_o contrary_a way_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n yet_o two_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v 1._o that_o the_o ocean_n be_v repulse_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n flow_v back_o somewhat_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o because_o that_o the_o aethiopic_a ocean_n be_v extend_v in_o a_o long_a tract_n to_o the_o gulf_n of_o fernando_n poo_n therefore_o it_o reflow_v into_o this_o which_o yet_o be_v only_o discover_v at_o the_o shore_n not_o in_o the_o deep_a ocean_n because_o in_o this_o the_o contrary_a motion_n render_v it_o insensible_a but_o towards_o the_o shore_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v more_o violent_o and_o therefore_o be_v chief_o discover_v in_o that_o bay_n of_o fernando_n poo_n because_o that_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n flow_v in_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n be_v repel_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o africa_n as_o of_o congo_n 2._o there_o may_v be_v a_o certain_a subterraneous_a channel_n in_o this_o gulf_n of_o fernando_n poo_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n may_v fall_v and_o attract_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o ocean_n with_o it_o proposition_n xxiv_o the_o second_o peculiar_a perpetual_a motion_n sea_n the_o second_o peculiar_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n about_o sumatra_n the_o sea_n flow_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n and_o that_o with_o a_o violent_a motion_n so_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n this_o gulf_n be_v make_v and_o that_o the_o cherfonesus_fw-la of_o malacca_n be_v separate_v from_o india_n whether_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o the_o ocean_n which_o tend_v towards_o the_o west_n be_v force_v from_o so_o many_o island_n and_o the_o promontory_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n so_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v carry_v violent_o flow_v towards_o the_o north_n or_o whether_o a_o subterraneous_a channel_n be_v in_o that_o gulf_n be_v to_o be_v question_v yet_o i_o suppose_v it_o be_v not_o direct_o carry_v to_o the_o north_n but_o to_o a_o collateral_a quarter_n which_o decline_v towards_o the_o west_n yea_o this_o very_a same_o motion_n be_v find_v between_o java_n and_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n therefore_o the_o dutch_a sail_v towards_o the_o indies_n direct_v their_o course_n to_o that_o procurrent_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n or_o the_o south_n continent_n and_o then_o sail_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north_n viz._n to_o java_n proposition_n xxv_o sea_n the_o three_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o three_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n be_v observe_v between_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n especial_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n between_o terra_fw-la de_fw-fr natal_n and_o this_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n this_o motion_n be_v find_v from_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o north-east_n to_o the_o southeast_n and_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n according_a to_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o coast_n so_o vehement_a that_o ship_n with_o a_o stiff_a gale_n can_v hardly_o overcome_v it_o and_o hold_v the_o contrary_a course_n to_o madagascar_n on_o the_o contrary_a those_o who_o sail_n from_o canali_fw-la into_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n towards_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n without_o any_o help_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n alone_o i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o force_n of_o the_o ocean_n by_o a_o general_a motion_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o find_v a_o passage_n for_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n or_o that_o part_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n between_o india_n and_o africa_n from_o a_o collateral_a quarter_n but_o the_o ocean_n be_v move_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n proposition_n xxvi_o motion_n the_o four_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n the_o four_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n be_v in_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o america_n where_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n questionless_a the_o cause_n be_v a_o perpetual_a south_n wind_n which_o be_v find_v to_o predominate_v on_o those_o coast_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o chapter_n of_o wind_n in_o the_o sea_n remote_a from_o the_o coast_n this_o motion_n be_v not_o discover_v neither_o this_o wind_n proposition_n xxvii_o motion_n the_o five_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n the_o five_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n from_o the_o promontory_n of_o st._n augustin_n in_o brazile_n to_o the_o isle_n antilles_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o mexico_n towards_o florida_n that_o be_v from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north._n peradventure_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o the_o ocean_n be_v carry_v by_o a_o general_a motion_n towards_o brazile_n be_v repel_v and_o by_o reason_n that_o a_o more_o free_a and_o broad_a passage_n be_v grant_v towards_o the_o north_n thither_o be_v carry_v the_o like_a motion_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o straight_a of_o manilla_fw-la near_o the_o phillippin_n isle_n so_o in_o japan_n a_o most_o strong_a motion_n proceed_v forward_o from_o the_o port_n of_o xibuxia_n towards_o arima_fw-la proposition_n xxviii_o sea_n the_o six_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o six_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n be_v in_o the_o straight_a le_fw-fr maire_n where_o the_o mariner_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o nassau_n find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o west_n into_o the_o east_n but_o one_o observation_n suffice_v not_o especial_o see_v that_o le_fw-fr more_o write_v the_o contrary_a more_o special_a motion_n be_v find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n at_o or_o near_o the_o coast_n but_o as_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o accurate_o enough_o observe_v or_o describe_v proposition_n xxix_o unto_o the_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n also_o those_o do_v pertain_v which_o great_a river_n cause_n where_o they_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n so_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n loango_n congo_n for_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n be_v a_o strong_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o coast_n towards_o the_o west_n because_o many_o river_n among_o which_o be_v the_o great_a river_n zaire_n cast_v themselves_o with_o a_o violence_n into_o the_o sea_n sea_n the_o river_n zaire_n cast_v itself_o with_o a_o violent_a motion_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o repel_v the_o sea_n which_o motion_n be_v help_v by_o the_o general_a motion_n therefore_o some_o day_n be_v require_v that_o ship_n may_v touch_v those_o ghost_n although_o they_o may_v be_v distant_a only_a one_o or_o two_o mile_n from_o they_o so_o at_o the_o isle_n lamon_n adjacent_a to_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o the_o shore_n towards_o the_o east_n contrary_a to_o the_o general_a motion_n which_o be_v from_o the_o east_n towards_o china_n this_o contrary_a motion_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o impetuous_a flux_n of_o the_o great_a river_n thoucoan_n in_o china_n but_o in_o the_o sea_n more_o remote_a from_o china_n this_o motion_n be_v obstruct_v by_o the_o general_a motion_n neither_o be_v it_o discover_v beyond_o the_o isle_n of_o branco_n hitherto_o concern_v the_o special_a perpetual_a motion_n a_o little_a must_v be_v subjoin_v concern_v the_o special_a fix_v and_o anniversary_n motion_n proposition_n xxx_o great_a be_v the_o variety_n of_o the_o special_a cease_n or_o periodical_a motion_n and_o those_o periodical_a fix_v and_o anniversary_n motion_n do_v all_o almost_o arise_v from_o anniversary_n and_o state_v wind_n and_o state_v or_o fix_v wind_n of_o one_o
and_o sand_n from_o the_o shore_n or_o some_o bank_n also_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o bottom_n be_v advance_v and_o lift_v up_o and_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o impetuosity_n of_o the_o river_n until_o it_o come_v to_o a_o more_o large_a and_o ample_a channel_n and_o be_v remove_v from_o the_o fountain_n or_o cause_n of_o abundancy_n of_o water_n for_o here_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o motion_n be_v remiss_a and_o then_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n subside_o and_o sand-bank_n be_v generate_v of_o which_o many_o be_v find_v in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v broad_a river_n but_o none_o almost_o in_o narrow_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o mischief_n which_o take_v away_o more_o splendour_n from_o the_o most_o flourish_a and_o rich_a empory_n or_o place_n of_o trade_n without_o any_o hope_n of_o recovery_n or_o bring_v great_a detriment_n to_o ship_n that_o we_o may_v pass_v over_o those_o ancient_a city_n now_o for_o many_o age_n bury_v in_o oblivion_n we_o have_v example_n before_o our_o eye_n of_o stavoren_n in_o friezland_n armuyen_n in_o zeiland_n of_o dort_n in_o holland_n antwerp_n in_o brabant_n and_o stade_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o bremen_n nothing_o take_v away_o the_o power_n of_o traffic_n from_o these_o city_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o their_o splendour_n and_o riches_n but_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n arise_v in_o their_o river_n or_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n neither_o be_v there_o almost_o any_o empory_n that_o be_v maritimate_a that_o be_v free_a from_o the_o fear_n of_o these_o sand-bank_n those_o that_o be_v in_o the_o albis_n or_o the_o elbe_n have_v destroy_v many_o hamburgian_n ship_n that_o have_v escape_v the_o grand_a storm_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o same_o be_v manifest_a in_o other_o to_o he_o that_o consider_v especial_o in_o the_o texel_n and_o vlie_n of_o amsterdam_n they_o be_v discover_v in_o a_o great_a number_n on_o the_o seacoast_n of_o flanders_n and_o friezland_n and_o the_o suff_v of_o the_o sea_n go_v down_o many_o of_o they_o be_v discover_v to_o be_v part_n of_o the_o continent_n for_o the_o channel_n intercede_v have_v then_o little_a water_n and_o admit_v of_o no_o sail_v the_o famous_a or_o rather_o infamous_a among_o mariner_n by_o reason_n of_o shipwreck_n be_v those_o that_o be_v find_v in_o a_o great_a number_n in_o one_o part_n or_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n they_o be_v these_o 1._o the_o sand-bank_n of_o brazil_n abrolhos_n de_fw-fr brasilia_n het_n riff_o van_fw-mi brasilian_n also_o the_o droogte_n van_fw-mi brasil_n they_o lie_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o brazil_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 70_o mile_n which_o the_o mariner_n that_o sail_v to_o the_o indies_n aught_o to_o avoid_v with_o great_a diligence_n whilst_o that_o to_o shun_v the_o calm_a of_o guinea_n they_o sail_v towards_o brazil_n yet_o they_o come_v as_o near_o to_o those_o sand_n as_o they_o may_v that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o great_a wind_n but_o they_o must_v be_v cautious_a that_o they_o be_v not_o carry_v between_o brazil_n and_o the_o sand_n 2._o the_o sand_n of_o st._n ann_n not_o far_o from_o guinea_n six_o degree_n at_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o north_n pole_n ship_n be_v carry_v upon_o these_o come_v not_o off_o without_o great_a danger_n and_o labour_n and_o be_v detain_v for_o many_o day_n when_o that_o seaman_n suppose_v that_o they_o have_v pass_v beyond_o they_o for_o these_o sand_n be_v not_o continual_a but_o they_o be_v disjoin_v by_o broad_a and_o deep_a whirlpit_n or_o gulf_n so_o that_o in_o a_o small_a distance_n here_o be_v a_o depth_n of_o about_o eight_o fathom_n by_o and_o by_o about_o two_o 3._o the_o sand_n between_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n and_o arabia_n call_v baixos_n de_fw-fr india_n they_o be_v sharp_a rock_n of_o coral_n of_o divers_a colour_n 4._o the_o sand_n of_o china_n 5._o the_o sand_n of_o flanders_n but_o more_o may_v be_v see_v in_o geographical_a sea-charts_a we_o have_v declare_v one_o mode_n of_o the_o generation_n by_o which_o these_o sand_n have_v a_o original_a by_o sink_v of_o the_o sandy_a matter_n which_o the_o sea_n carry_v with_o it_o the_o second_o mode_n to_o be_v adjoin_v to_o this_o be_v by_o which_o such_o sand_n can_v or_o may_v have_v a_o be_v to_o wit_n if_o that_o the_o sea_n overflow_v the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o hill_n and_o rise_n be_v sandy_a for_o then_o those_o hill_n be_v or_o shall_v be_v call_v sand-hill_n they_o be_v discover_v in_o a_o large_a tract_n but_o the_o land_n itself_o be_v more_o low_a if_o therefore_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o irruption_n shall_v inundate_n and_o cover_v those_o land_n than_o those_o hill_n will_v be_v sand-bank_n so_o we_o must_v judge_v of_o other_o therefore_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n sand-bank_n be_v most_o frequent_a because_o the_o channel_n be_v there_o broad_a and_o therefore_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o efflux_n of_o rivers_n be_v there_o diminish_v and_o therefore_o the_o matter_n sink_v which_o the_o violent_a flood_n bring_v with_o it_o also_o the_o wave_n of_o the_o ocean_n repel_v the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n whence_o all_o the_o force_n cease_v and_o it_o be_v worth_a our_o labour_n to_o distinguish_v and_o consider_v these_o two_o mode_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o sand-bank_n proposition_n xi_o to_o conjecture_v whether_o the_o sand-hill_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n not_o far_o from_o the_o continent_n shall_v be_v part_n of_o this_o future_a continent_n land_n of_o sand-bank_n or_o hill_n in_o the_o sea_n not_o far_o from_o the_o land_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n that_o these_o sand-bank_n be_v generate_v two_o manner_n of_o way_n one_o true_o by_o the_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v of_o the_o sand_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o other_o by_o denomination_n viz._n all_o hill_n the_o water_n encompass_v and_o overflow_a the_o earth_n if_o that_o they_o be_v generate_v by_o the_o former_a mode_n and_o be_v find_v to_o increase_v more_o and_o more_o it_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o they_o will_v join_v to_o the_o continent_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v be_v dry_v between_o these_o sand-bank_n and_o the_o adjacent_a land_n but_o if_o that_o the_o sand-bank_n be_v generate_v after_o the_o second_o mode_n than_o we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o those_o sand-bank_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o adjacent_a earth_n but_o that_o the_o sea_n rather_o will_v far_o overspread_v the_o land_n proposition_n xii_o island_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n after_o the_o same_o mode_n that_o sand-bank_n be_v yea_o island_n may_v proceed_v from_o sand-bank_n yet_o they_o be_v also_o make_v after_o another_o mode_n island_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o island_n for_o if_o that_o in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o sand_n gravel_n mud_n and_o ouze_n be_v aggregated_a in_o progress_n of_o time_n that_o it_o become_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n it_o will_v become_v a_o island_n which_o be_v the_o first_o mode_n then_o by_o the_o second_o mode_n if_o that_o the_o sea_n break_v into_o the_o land_n overflow_v only_o the_o low_a part_n but_o not_o the_o high_a and_o the_o hill_n those_o will_v be_v island_n and_o by_o this_o latter_a mode_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o those_o island_n be_v generate_v or_o have_v original_a which_o arise_v to_o a_o huge_a altitude_n as_o st._n helena_n ascension_n and_o the_o like_a especial_o those_o which_o be_v rocky_a and_o stony_a sea_n sicilia_n separate_v from_o italy_n by_o the_o sea_n hitherto_o appertain_v island_n which_o the_o sea_n have_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o prominent_a land_n so_o writer_n testify_v and_o the_o poet_n verse_n be_v know_v that_o sicilia_n be_v separate_v from_o italy_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o first_o mode_n viz._n the_o subsidency_n and_o congregation_n of_o many_o terrestrial_a particle_n the_o island_n of_o zealand_n denmark_n and_o japan_n have_v their_o original_n the_o same_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o original_n of_o the_o molucco_n isle_n for_o if_o that_o you_o dig_v on_o the_o plain_a to_o a_o small_a depth_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o a_o abundance_n of_o sand_n and_o shell_n sea_n other_o isle_n separate_v from_o the_o continent_n by_o the_o sea_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o ceiland_n relate_v that_o the_o isle_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o procurrent_a of_o india_n and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a so_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n be_v suppose_v former_o to_o have_v be_v unite_v to_o malacca_n the_o isle_n of_o the_o maldives_n in_o time_n past_a be_v be_v say_v to_o adhere_v to_o india_n and_o be_v a_o continuous_a continent_n yet_o at_o this_o day_n they_o be_v far_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o divide_v into_o a_o innumerable_a many_o
not_o a_o long_a distance_n from_o the_o shore_n which_o subsidency_n or_o sink_v continue_v for_o many_o age_n at_o length_n cause_v isle_n therefore_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v few_o island_n 1._o because_o that_o place_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n than_o that_o any_o of_o the_o eat_v off_o part_n shall_v be_v carry_v thither_o 2._o because_o that_o the_o commotion_n and_o force_n of_o the_o water_n be_v great_a there_o which_o move_v the_o earth_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o rather_o promote_v the_o depth_n than_o suffer_v island_n to_o be_v generate_v there_o 3._o because_o there_o be_v no_o continent_n there_o therefore_o neither_o can_v troop_n or_o heap_n of_o island_n be_v according_a to_o the_o first_o mode_n by_o which_o we_o have_v show_v such_o heap_n of_o isle_n to_o be_v produce_v yet_o in_o time_n past_a when_o that_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o where_o it_o be_v now_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a that_o such_o isle_n be_v here_o and_o by_o degree_n be_v swallow_v by_o the_o ocean_n of_o absolute_a geography_n sect_n v._o contain_v a_o explication_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o the_o wind_n in_o three_o chapter_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air._n proposition_n i._o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o well_o dry_a as_o moist_a or_o from_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n vapour_n and_o fume_n do_v continual_o exhale_v into_o that_o space_n which_o be_v about_o the_o earth_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o the_o celestial_a heat_n of_o the_o star_n especial_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n fume_n of_o vapour_n and_o fume_n the_o other_o be_v a_o terrestrial_a heat_n or_o subterranean_a or_o rather_o terrestrial_a fire_n or_o which_o be_v admix_v with_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o we_o see_v that_o almost_o all_o body_n the_o least_o fire_n be_v move_v towards_o they_o send_v forth_o a_o fume_n see_v therefore_o that_o both_o the_o celestial_a and_o terrestrial_a heat_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o certain_a fire_n therefore_o it_o be_v also_o necessary_a that_o vapour_n and_o fume_n shall_v be_v advance_v by_o it_o from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v evidence_v à _fw-la priori_fw-la experience_n also_o confirm_v the_o same_o for_o those_o that_o travel_n in_o the_o night_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v and_o that_o towards_o the_o water_n discover_v many_o vapour_n to_o wander_v and_o be_v advance_v about_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o it_o be_v vulgar_o know_v that_o in_o the_o day_n the_o sun_n do_v raise_v many_o vapour_n also_o when_o that_o a_o mist_n arise_v upward_o which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n of_o rain_n to_o follow_v proposition_n ii_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v a_o space_n about_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o which_o the_o exhalation_n raise_v from_o the_o earth_n be_v always_o present_a and_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o that_o anything_o or_o body_n else_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n it_o be_v also_o take_v for_o the_o exhalation_n themselves_o about_o the_o whole_a earth_n there_o be_v no_o small_a controversy_n among_o modern_a philosopher_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n concern_v the_o body_n which_o consist_v about_o the_o earth_n for_o many_o mathematician_n of_o sound_a knowledge_n determine_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o beside_o exhalation_n elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o they_o take_v the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o and_o immediate_o after_o the_o atmosphere_n place_v the_o aetherial_a substance_n but_o other_o philosopher_n suppose_v that_o beside_o these_o exhalation_n in_o the_o space_n about_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a peculiar_a and_o simple_a body_n which_o they_o call_v air_n although_o that_o they_o free_o grant_v that_o exhalation_n may_v be_v change_v into_o air_n and_o contrariwise_o into_o cloud_n and_o thick_a vapour_n the_o same_o person_n after_o this_o air_n even_o to_o the_o lunary_n orb_n place_v another_o subtle_a thin_a body_n different_a from_o the_o aether_n which_o indeed_o they_o term_v fire_n but_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v less_o proper_o do_v and_o that_o it_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o our_o fire_n for_o it_o be_v a_o calid_a substance_n not_o burn_v dry_a and_o very_a subtle_a not_o to_o cause_v the_o refraction_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n which_o yet_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o air._n those_o be_v well_o consider_v these_o two_o opinion_n of_o the_o philosopher_n seem_v rather_o to_o differ_v in_o word_n than_o in_o matter_n itself_o for_o as_o for_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o grant_v it_o so_o gross_a that_o a_o refraction_n of_o ray_n may_v be_v make_v in_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v generate_v from_o exhalation_n by_o a_o light_a mutation_n the_o air_n seem_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o subtle_a exhalation_n although_o it_o be_v not_o exhale_v from_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n when_o that_o they_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v so_o improper_o term_v but_o they_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v so_o tenuous_a that_o it_o cause_v no_o refraction_n of_o ray_n this_o seem_v little_a to_o differ_v from_o the_o aether_n we_o affirm_v therefore_o that_o the_o atmostphere_n and_o air_n be_v a_o body_n about_o the_o earth_n on_o which_o the_o ray_n fall_v be_v refract_v lay_v aside_o the_o controversy_n whence_o this_o body_n have_v its_o original_n which_o definition_n agree_v with_o the_o former_a for_o neither_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o any_o exhalation_n can_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o earth_n so_o subtle_a that_o they_o shall_v cause_v no_o refraction_n or_o impediment_n to_o the_o luminous_a ray_n proceed_v from_o the_o aether_n yet_o if_o that_o such_o be_v grant_v we_o can_v know_v their_o altitude_n and_o whether_o that_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o atmosphere_n which_o yet_o if_o that_o any_o one_o will_v sharp_o urge_v suppose_v that_o the_o little_a fire_n or_o ray_n cast_v from_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o earth_n again_o recoil_v to_o the_o sun_n he_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o the_o latter_a definition_n be_v commodious_a therefore_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o air_n be_v naught_o else_o but_o a_o contexture_n of_o many_o small_a body_n which_o adhere_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o a_o down_o or_o wool_n circumve_v a_o peach_n proposition_n iii_o sometime_o more_o sometime_o lesser_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o divers_a place_n exhalation_n of_o exhalation_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o various_a elevation_n of_o the_o sun_n above_o the_o horizon_n or_o depression_n beneath_o it_o 2._o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o its_o elevation_n above_o the_o horizon_n 3._o the_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o other_o star_n and_o their_o constitution_n above_o the_o horizon_n 4._o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n themselves_o for_o watery_a and_o humid_a place_n do_v more_o easy_o send_v forth_o vapour_n than_o earthy_a and_o dry_a proposition_n iu._n the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a kind_n especial_o in_o sundry_a region_n viz._n watery_a saltish_a earthy_a sulphureous_a spirituous_a the_o sensible_a compound_a exhalation_n or_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v divers_a viz._n mix_v of_o simple_a particle_n atmosphere_n of_o the_o exhalation_n which_o constitute_v the_o atmosphere_n the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n such_o body_n be_v of_o a_o divers_a sort_n and_o be_v advance_v by_o heat_n some_o more_o easy_o and_o other_o some_o with_o great_a difficulty_n concern_v the_o earthy_a particle_n some_o one_o may_v doubt_v because_o that_o those_o be_v scarce_o apt_a to_o be_v elevate_v 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o smallness_n of_o their_o dust_n 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that_o one_o wind_n cease_v to_o blow_v for_o some_o month_n another_o succee_v contrary_a to_o the_o former_a and_o continue_v with_o the_o same_o constancy_n until_o that_o it_o have_v complete_v its_o time_n and_o therefore_o they_o call_v these_o contrary_a motion_n they_o term_v those_o the_o time_n of_o the_o mutation_n of_o those_o motion_n which_o intercede_v between_o the_o end_n of_o one_o mousson_n and_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o contrary_n for_o one_o motion_n cease_v another_o do_v not_o present_o begin_v to_o blow_v but_o some_o day_n fall_v between_o some_o time_n more_o sometime_o few_o also_o more_o in_o some_o place_n and_o few_o in_o other_o some_o and_o in_o these_o intermedial_a day_n in_o which_o no_o certain_a motion_n blow_v the_o wind_n be_v variable_a the_o calm_a dangerous_a and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o sea_n be_v toss_v with_o uncertain_a wave_n and_o sudden_a tempest_n arise_v some_o of_o these_o motion_n return_v twice_o in_o a_o year_n but_o not_o with_o the_o same_o vehemency_n whence_o mariner_n term_v the_o one_o the_o great_a motion_n the_o other_o the_o lesser_a 1._o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n as_o also_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n the_o north_n wind_n perpetual_o blow_v in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n india_n month_n most_o fit_a to_o take_fw-mi a_o voyage_n from_o europe_n to_o india_n november_n and_o january_n and_o therefore_o these_o month_n be_v chief_o fit_a to_o undertake_v a_o voyage_n in_o from_o europe_n to_o india_n that_o they_o may_v pass_v the_o aequator_fw-la by_o the_o help_n of_o those_o wind_n for_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o experience_n that_o some_o ship_n that_o have_v set_v sail_n from_o europe_n in_o march_n have_v arrive_v no_o soon_o at_o brazile_n than_o those_o that_o have_v set_v sail_n in_o october_n viz._n both_o of_o they_o have_v come_v thither_o in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n be_v help_v by_o the_o north_n wind_n yet_o because_o that_o this_o wind_n be_v not_o so_o continual_a and_o certain_a therefore_o mariner_n be_v not_o wont_a to_o call_v it_o a_o motion_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o easy_a matter_n to_o render_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n in_o these_o month_n unless_o you_o will_v refer_v it_o to_o copious_a thick_a vapour_n or_o to_o a_o continnual_a pressure_n make_v from_o thick_a cloud_n but_o those_o that_o have_v winter_v in_o nova_n zembla_n testify_v that_o there_o be_v a_o most_o frequent_a north_n wind_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o winter_n where_o this_o effect_n can_v be_v ascribe_v unto_o the_o sun_n rarify_n the_o air_n see_v that_o he_o lie_v obscure_v under_o the_o horizon_n yet_o i_o suppose_v that_o in_o general_a the_o cause_n may_v proceed_v from_o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n or_o gross_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n collect_v in_o the_o winter_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n especial_o on_o the_o mountain_n which_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v by_o this_o argument_n more_o especial_o because_o that_o these_o motion_n blow_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o north_n and_o south_n quarter_n or_o the_o collateral_a unto_o they_o therefore_o by_o reason_n that_o snow_n and_o thick_a cloud_n be_v dissolve_v in_o the_o northern_a place_n by_o the_o sun_n especial_o in_o that_o half_a of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o he_o pass_v through_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a therefore_o those_o motion_n shall_v then_o be_v northern_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o the_o southern_a or_o antarctic_a place_n for_o the_o other_o half_a of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n dissolve_v the_o snow_n and_o the_o thick_a cloud_n therefore_o then_o the_o motion_n shall_v be_v discover_v southerly_a now_o that_o these_o motion_n blow_v more_o from_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n
indian_n orancan_n it_o be_v often_o in_o the_o oriental_a sea_n especial_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o sian_n china_n and_o japan_n between_o malacca_n and_o japan_n this_o violent_o break_v almost_o from_o the_o western_a quarter_n and_o be_v whirl_v about_o the_o horizon_n with_o a_o rapid_a course_n perfect_v its_o circumference_n by_o continual_a increase_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o hour_n raise_v those_o vast_a sea_n with_o a_o horrid_a violence_n and_o swell_n the_o billow_n beat_v one_o another_o take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o safety_n from_o the_o mariner_n and_o so_o both_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o typhon_n and_o also_o other_o storm_n sail_v from_o india_n to_o japan_n be_v very_o dangerous_a so_o that_o it_o be_v account_v a_o happy_a voyage_n if_o that_o one_o ship_n of_o three_o keep_v its_o course_n at_o the_o autumnal_a season_n a_o most_o furious_a typhon_n do_v especial_o predominate_a and_o that_o often_o with_o so_o great_a violence_n that_o those_o that_o have_v not_o see_v it_o can_v hardly_o believe_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o some_o mighty_a ship_n have_v be_v weaken_v by_o those_o great_a wave_n you_o will_v think_v in_o this_o storm_n that_o heaven_n and_o earth_n will_v meet_v neither_o do_v it_o only_a rage_n on_o the_o sea_n but_o also_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o overwhelm_v many_o house_n and_o throw_v up_o huge_a tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o force_v great_a ship_n from_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o land_n for_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n the_o mariner_n term_v it_o a_o wind_n that_o run_v round_o the_o compass_n in_o the_o indian_a ocean_n it_o seldom_o continue_v above_o six_o hour_n and_o make_v the_o sea_n so_o level_a at_o the_o first_o as_o if_o that_o it_o be_v plain_v but_o on_o a_o sudden_a horrible_a wave_n do_v follow_v so_o about_o the_o city_n ardibil_n in_o persia_n in_o june_n and_o july_n every_o day_n when_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v at_o his_o meridian_n height_n a_o whirlwind_n arise_v for_o a_o hour_n by_o which_o a_o great_a dust_n be_v raise_v questionless_a the_o cause_n of_o a_o typhon_n be_v that_o a_o wind_n break_v forth_o with_o violence_n from_o some_o one_o quarter_n towards_o another_o findeth_z a_o obstruction_n in_o this_o and_o therefore_o be_v wreathe_v and_o turn_v into_o itself_o as_o we_o see_v that_o if_o water_n be_v sudden_o move_v if_o that_o a_o obstacle_n be_v put_v in_o its_o way_n it_o move_v in_o a_o round_a sudden_o and_o with_o a_o force_n it_o may_v be_v that_o a_o typhon_n may_v arise_v from_o opposite_a wind_n blow_v together_o violent_o which_o render_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o plain_a and_o comprehend_v the_o ship_n in_o the_o middle_n if_o that_o it_o rush_v from_o above_o it_o be_v call_v caetegis_n and_o then_o it_o make_v the_o sea_n so_o plain_a as_o if_o that_o it_o have_v be_v plain_v but_o present_o mighty_a flood_n or_o wave_n arise_v proposition_n xiii_o whether_o that_o some_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n water_n of_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n we_o easy_o apprehend_v that_o this_o may_v easy_o be_v see_v that_o cavity_n be_v here_o and_o also_o wind_n sulphureous_a substance_n and_o moisture_n now_o nothing_o hinder_v but_o that_o a_o gust_n sufficient_o vehement_a may_v be_v there_o generate_v viz._n if_o that_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n hinder_v as_o it_o be_v procreate_v to_o go_v forth_o or_o if_o that_o it_o be_v present_o generate_v in_o a_o great_a quantity_n as_o much_o as_o the_o wind_n require_v if_o that_o the_o outlet_n be_v hinder_v a_o earthquake_n be_v generate_v or_o a_o wind_n with_o a_o violent_a force_n make_v weigh_v for_o itself_o and_o thrust_v forward_o the_o earth_n so_o oftentimes_o a_o smoke_n break_v forth_o from_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o maarice_n so_o also_o from_o some_o cave_n in_o japan_n be_v a_o fountain_n break_v forth_o at_o certain_a hour_n of_o the_o day_n with_o great_a noise_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v that_o i_o have_v read_v of_o any_o wind_n break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n proposition_n fourteen_o whether_o that_o a_o certain_a wind_n may_v arise_v from_o the_o flow_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o river_n rivers_n of_o a_o wind_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o sea_n and_o rivers_n experience_a testify_v that_o in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v discover_v if_o at_o any_o time_n the_o air_n be_v free_a from_o other_o wind_n from_o the_o most_o part_n with_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o sea_n a_o wind_n also_o blow_v from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o it_o seem_v probable_a that_o the_o air_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o contiguity_n be_v carry_v with_o the_o water_n to_o the_o same_o quarter_n but_o this_o shall_v be_v more_o diligent_o observe_v whether_o when_o that_o the_o air_n be_v still_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v discover_v with_o the_o afflux_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o think_v yet_o that_o another_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n may_v be_v give_v viz._n that_o the_o air_n be_v force_v from_o the_o place_n by_o the_o flow_a water_n now_o the_o air_n be_v much_o move_v at_o a_o very_a little_a impression_n so_o they_o will_v have_v the_o air_n move_v with_o the_o river_n that_o run_v swift_o proposition_n xv._o why_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la castor_n and_o pollux_n and_o helena_n be_v among_o tempest_n the_o portugal_n call_v they_o corpo_fw-it santo_n the_o spaniard_n st._n elmo_n now_o not_o only_o one_o but_o many_o be_v oftentimes_o behold_v in_o ship_n at_o the_o mast_n wander_v with_o a_o uncertain_a motion_n as_o other_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la although_o that_o sometime_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o fix_v on_o the_o sail_n and_o mast_n but_o sometime_o leap_v up_o and_o down_o they_o appear_v like_o a_o flame_n or_o a_o candle_n burn_v obscure_o if_o that_o four_o such_o vicine_fw-la light_n be_v see_v the_o portugal_n term_v they_o cora_n de_fw-fr nostra_fw-la seneora_n the_o crown_n of_o our_o bless_a lady_n or_o virgin_n mary_n and_o these_o they_o account_v of_o as_o a_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o tempest_n to_o cease_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o fire_n be_v a_o sulphureous_a part_n full_a of_o bitumen_n force_v downward_o through_o that_o great_a motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o force_v or_o fire_v into_o one_o by_o agitation_n or_o congregation_n so_o we_o see_v by_o agitation_n that_o the_o butter_n of_o milk_n be_v separate_v from_o this_o phaenomenon_n be_v also_o collect_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n those_o violent_a tempest_n proceed_v from_o a_o sulphureous_a spirit_n rarefy_v and_o move_v the_o cloud_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o there_o be_v so_o frequent_a a_o calm_a in_o the_o sea_n near_o guinee_n and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n between_o america_n and_o africa_n ocean_n frequent_a '_o calm_v in_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o phaenomenon_n about_o wind_n of_o no_o small_a difficulty_n that_o at_o guinee_n which_o be_v two_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v almost_o a_o perpetual_a calm_a especial_o in_o april_n may_n and_o june_n where_o no_o motion_n be_v find_v there_o when_o that_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n situate_a under_o the_o aequator_fw-la indeed_o a_o ecnephias_n be_v sometime_o sufficient_o frequent_v there_o but_o this_o also_o be_v desire_v oftentimes_o by_o the_o seaman_n because_o that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o frequent_a ecnephiae_fw-la they_o endeavour_v to_o sail_v beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o it_o happen_v very_o often_o that_o ship_n sail_v from_o europe_n to_o india_n be_v detain_v a_o whole_a month_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la before_o that_o they_o can_v pass_v it_o now_o especial_o they_o avoid_v the_o coast_n of_o guinee_n and_o the_o calm_a there_o and_o therefore_o with_o some_o hindrance_n to_o their_o voyage_n they_o sail_v towards_o brazil_n yea_o some_o ship_n be_v detain_v here_o for_o three_o month_n before_o that_o they_o can_v depart_v from_o the_o coast_n into_o the_o mid-sea_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o phaenomenon_n unless_o perchance_o this_o be_v it_o that_o snow_n be_v find_v intercept_v in_o no_o mountain_n of_o africa_n between_o guinee_n and_o barbary_n which_o may_v generate_v the_o wind_n proposition_n xvii_o in_o some_o region_n the_o tempest_n be_v anniversary_n region_n of_o tempest_n anniversary_n in_o some_o region_n we_o have_v give_v some_o example_n of_o these_o in_o our_o former_a proposition_n viz._n 1._o concern_v the_o mutation_n of_o motion_n 2._o concern_v our_o ecnephias_n 3._o concern_v a_o typhon_n 4._o at_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a in_o june_n and_o july_n 5._o in_o the_o isle_n
this_o his_o entrance_n do_v not_o happen_v on_o the_o 21th_o of_o every_o month_n but_o in_o some_o month_n before_o and_o in_o some_o after_o therefore_o when_o we_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o precise_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o must_v look_v for_o it_o in_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o in_o our_o almanac_n the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v also_o in_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o year_n when_o one_o may_v search_v when_o the_o globe_n be_v at_o hand_n for_o it_o be_v a_o grand_a fault_n in_o a_o learned_a or_o know_a person_n to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v that_o from_o thence_o all_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n also_o the_o day_n and_o night_n with_o many_o other_o thing_n do_v depend_v of_o all_o which_o there_o be_v great_a use_n in_o the_o life_n of_o man_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n proposition_n i._o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o same_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n or_o arch_n draw_v from_o the_o place_n give_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la measure_v this_o distance_n and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o meridian_n of_o every_o place_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o the_o place_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la earth_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o be_v term_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o extension_n be_v in_o the_o superficies_n from_o one_o pole_n to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o extension_n of_o the_o same_o return_v from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o west_n which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o aequinoctial_a line_n proposition_n ii_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o any_o place_n or_o above_o the_o horizon_n of_o any_o place_n be_v call_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o celestial_a meridian_n of_o that_o place_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o celestial_a pole_n and_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n pole_n elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v also_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o arch_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a meridian_n intercept_v between_o one_o or_o other_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o horizon_n for_o by_o this_o mode_n it_o may_v be_v more_o just_o desire_v if_o that_o the_o earth_n cause_n the_o first_o motion_n but_o astronomer_n for_o the_o most_o part_n apply_v the_o definition_n to_o the_o imaginary_a celestial_a pole_n proposition_n iii_o to_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o degree_n and_o minute_n if_o that_o the_o globe_n be_v great_a the_o same_o latitude_n in_o geographical_a map_n map_n for_o the_o find_v the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n by_o a_o globe_n or_o by_o map_n in_o a_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v the_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o place_n they_o shall_v be_v the_o seek_v for_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o geographical_a map_n if_o the_o map_n consist_v of_o right_a line_n let_v a_o right_a line_n be_v draw_v through_o the_o place_n give_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la except_o it_o be_v already_o draw_v in_o the_o map_n or_o let_v a_o rule_n only_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o so_o the_o bound_n of_o this_o line_n in_o the_o side-line_n of_o the_o map_n will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n but_o if_o the_o map_n be_v of_o crooked_a line_n so_o that_o no_o parallel_n can_v pass_v through_o by_o the_o place_n give_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o map_n and_o the_o other_o foot_n in_o the_o place_n give_v and_o in_o this_o space_n the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o side-line_n again_o will_v show_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n if_o that_o the_o parallel_n be_v describe_v from_o the_o pole_n also_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n may_v be_v find_v out_o proposition_n iu._n the_o place_n be_v give_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n so_o to_o constitute_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o meridian_n and_o let_v 90_o degree_n be_v number_v from_o it_o towards_o the_o adjoin_a pole_n in_o the_o meridian_n let_v the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n be_v place_v in_o the_o crena_n of_o the_o horizon_n so_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n shall_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n propose_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o corollary_n of_o the_o follow_a proposition_n we_o shall_v show_v a_o easy_a method_n of_o perform_v the_o fame_n proposition_n v._o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o altitude_n or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n this_o be_v show_v by_o the_o globe_n thus_o take_v a_o place_n as_o you_o please_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n then_o so_o place_v the_o globe_n that_o the_o wooden_a horizon_n may_v be_v the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n now_o let_v the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v number_v and_o they_o will_v be_v find_v equal_a scheme_n the_o theory_v show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n see_v scheme_n the_o theorem_fw-la be_v thus_o show_v by_o a_o mathematical_a demonstration_n let_v c_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n l_o and_z place_n in_o the_o superficies_n p_o the_o pole_n h_n p_o l_o z_o shall_v be_v the_o meridian_n and_o h_n z_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o horizon_n p_o h_n the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n qui_fw-fr t_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o section_n of_o the_o meridian_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o p_o q_n shall_v be_v the_o quadrant_n of_o the_o meridian_n or_o of_o 90_o degree_n because_o that_o p_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o the_o former_a reason_n l_o h_n shall_v be_v the_o arch_n of_o 90_o degree_n because_o l_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o l_o h_n be_v the_o arch_n of_o a_o equal_a arch_n p_o qui_fw-fr and_o the_o common_a part_n l_o p_o being_n take_v away_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o arch_n p_o h_o l_o q_o will_v be_v equal_a the_o latitude_n of_o any_o place_n be_v know_v you_o have_v also_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n for_o the_o same_o place_n now_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la join_v together_o make_v 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all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v have_v the_o same_o latitude_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n or_o to_o find_v all_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o may_v have_v the_o distance_n give_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la place_n further_a rule_n to_o be_v observe_v concern_v the_o latitude_n of_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n let_v the_o place_n give_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o brazen_a meridian_n or_o let_v the_o latitude_n give_v be_v number_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la in_o the_o meridian_n towards_o the_o pole_n then_o let_v a_o point_a chalk_n be_v apply_v unto_o the_o term_n of_o the_o numeration_n and_o turn_v the_o globe_n round_o so_o the_o chalk_n will_v describe_v the_o periphery_n which_o shall_v
february_n in_o congo_n here_o therefore_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o celestial_a because_o that_o in_o january_n and_o february_n the_o sun_n be_v not_o most_o remote_a from_o those_o place_n and_o therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v rain_n but_o rather_o siccity_n without_o doubt_v the_o cause_n be_v either_o from_o another_o situation_n of_o the_o mountain_n another_o fix_a wind_n or_o the_o like_a 6._o the_o island_n of_o st._n thomas_n thomas_n see_v the_o description_n of_o st._n thomas_n and_o anobon_n be_v very_o abundant_a in_o sugar_n grain_n fruit_n and_o meat_n and_o great_a plenty_n of_o orange_n etc._n etc._n 7._o how_o the_o season_n be_v in_o the_o other_o region_n of_o the_o occidental_a coast_n of_o africa_n from_o lowango_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o one_o 8._o therefore_o that_o shore_n be_v leave_v and_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a be_v sail_v about_o we_o return_v to_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n where_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o the_o promontory_n or_o tongue_n of_o africa_n be_v discover_v in_o which_o lie_v zofala_n mozambique_n quiloa_n even_o to_o the_o aequator_fw-la which_o be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o oriental_a sun_n in_o these_o place_n the_o winter_n be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n november_n december_n and_o january_n in_o the_o rest_n siccity_n and_o summer_n which_o time_n be_v contrary_a to_o that_o in_o which_o in_o congo_n we_o have_v say_v that_o they_o have_v the_o rain_n in_o winter_n and_o yet_o these_o region_n lie_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o the_o ridge_n of_o mountain_n which_o double_o divide_v this_o prominent_a tongue_n of_o africa_n into_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a land_n questionless_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n the_o land_n of_o these_o region_n be_v only_o of_o a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o many_o place_n sandy_a barren_a and_o scorch_v with_o the_o chalure_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o river_n the_o adjacent_a sea_n and_o general_a eastern_o wind_n much_o allay_v the_o heat_n 9_o the_o other_o region_n of_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n lie_v from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n and_o hence_o to_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o say_a gulf_n even_o to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n these_o region_n i_o say_v what_o season_v they_o have_v and_o in_o what_o time_n of_o the_o year_n i_o have_v not_o yet_o find_v observe_v by_o any_o but_o that_o some_o write_v that_o this_o tract_n be_v barren_a sandy_a oppress_v with_o such_o a_o violent_a heat_n and_o destitute_a of_o river_n 10._o as_o to_o the_o season_n in_o the_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v the_o region_n of_o the_o abyssine_n which_o be_v cut_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n by_o the_o aequator_fw-la so_o that_o it_o have_v some_o province_n in_o the_o southern_a torrid_a zone_n and_o very_o many_o in_o the_o northern_a torrid_a zone_n 11._o now_o leave_v africa_n we_o enter_v the_o region_n of_o asia_n lie_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n where_o first_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o region_n of_o arabia_n adjacent_a to_o the_o red_a sea_n from_o mecca_n to_o aden_n 12_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o north_n which_o regard_n the_o west_n day_n the_o merchant_n at_o aden_n negoriate_v their_o affair_n in_o the_o night_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n on_o the_o east_n they_o have_v the_o arabian_a mountain_n these_o region_n be_v exceed_o infest_a with_o heat_n in_o march_n and_o april_n and_o more_o in_o the_o follow_a month_n whilst_o the_o sun_n approach_v to_o their_o vertex_fw-la and_o about_o it_o it_o remain_v may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n the_o chalure_n be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o inhabitant_n especial_o the_o better_a sort_n cause_n water_n to_o be_v pour_v on_o their_o body_n all_o the_o day_n long_o or_o else_o lie_v in_o vessel_n of_o water_n to_o refresh_v they_o i_o suppose_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o watery_a vapour_n because_o on_o the_o oriental_a part_n the_o region_n be_v rocky_a and_o have_v but_o few_o river_n now_o the_o oriental_a wind_n which_o be_v general_a although_o it_o be_v not_o there_o perceive_v repell_v the_o vapour_n rise_v from_o the_o red_a sea_n likewise_o the_o abundance_n of_o sand_n which_o retain_v the_o heat_n receive_v in_o the_o night_n and_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o air._n therefore_o this_o time_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n 12._o the_o same_o be_v the_o case_n of_o all_o arabia_n and_o its_o eastern_a coast_n 13._o in_o camboja_n in_o india_n lie_v under_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n as_o also_o in_o the_o region_n of_o malabar_n or_o the_o eastern_a coast_n of_o the_o indies_n which_o regard_v the_o west_n and_o extend_v themselves_o from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n to_o the_o eight_o degree_n of_o north_n latitude_n i_o say_v these_o region_n the_o winter_n or_o rainy_a season_n possess_v the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n august_n and_o september_n but_o especial_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o june_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o september_n neither_o in_o all_o these_o place_n do_v it_o rain_n in_o a_o equal_a time_n but_o more_o continual_o in_o the_o province_n of_o goana_n and_o cocina_n and_o less_o in_o camboja_n where_o it_o only_o rain_v three_o month_n in_o the_o other_o eight_o month_n it_o seldom_o rain_v in_o camboja_n but_o in_o goa_n in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o rain_v but_o less_o vehement_a and_o beginning_n with_o thunder_n and_o storm_n so_o that_o to_o autumn_n here_o may_v be_v ascribe_v half_o the_o month_n of_o march_n also_o april_n and_o may_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n then_o from_o the_o 15_o of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n to_o winter_n likewise_o from_o the_o 15_o of_o september_n to_o december_n the_o spring_n the_o other_o month_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o december_n to_o the_o 15_o of_o march_n to_o summer_n fall_v the_o winter_n be_v not_o so_o call_v from_o the_o cold_a as_o with_o we_o but_o from_o the_o rain_n which_o then_o fall_v for_o in_o these_o month_n be_v great_a drought_n because_o that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o former_a rain_n be_v extract_v by_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o earth_n yet_o the_o inhabitant_n do_v not_o number_v four_o season_n but_o only_o two_o summer_n and_o winter_n or_o rather_o a_o dry_a and_o a_o rainy_a season_n beside_o these_o rain_n there_o be_v frequent_a storm_n on_o the_o coast_n and_o also_o thunder_v in_o those_o rainy_a month_n so_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v then_o shut_v up_o and_o many_o river_n then_o overflow_v the_o sea_n be_v open_a again_o in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n and_o then_o ship_n put_v forth_o to_o sea_n from_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n into_o various_a part_n of_o the_o world_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o violent_a rain_n in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o field_n except_o some_o storm_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o cease_v for_o many_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n therefore_o it_o afford_v the_o inhabitant_n a_o time_n of_o plant_v and_o sow_v which_o they_o do_v in_o these_o watery_a month_n the_o air_n also_o be_v of_o a_o moderate_a heat_n at_o that_o time_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v obstruct_v with_o cloud_n so_o that_o the_o remote_a inhabitant_n expatiate_v from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o hill_n and_o field_n for_o recreation_n where_o the_o inundation_n be_v not_o great_a and_o incredible_a fertility_n be_v acquire_v to_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o rain_n but_o if_o these_o rain_n fall_v not_o on_o the_o year_n as_o in_o anno_fw-la 1630._o which_o seldom_o happen_v than_o all_o hope_n of_o sow_v and_o consequent_o harvest_n be_v take_v away_o thence_o come_v scarcity_n of_o corn_n a_o hot_a sultery_n air_n burn_v fever_n pestilence_n and_o death_n of_o thousand_o of_o people_n in_o the_o say_a year_n 1630_o 1630._o a_o great_a famine_n in_o camboja_n in_o 1630._o and_o the_o year_n follow_v man_n flesh_n be_v public_o sell_v in_o the_o shambles_n in_o camboja_n sometime_o the_o shore_n do_v so_o rage_v that_o the_o house_n which_o be_v but_o slight_o build_v fall_v by_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o river_n they_o sow_v in_o may_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n and_o reap_v in_o november_n and_o december_n it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o guiny_n this_o summer_n and_o this_o winter_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n and_o august_n the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a to_o those_o place_n or_o very_o near_o the_o vertex_fw-la therefore_o they_o must_v have_v heat_n and_o drought_n this_o be_v the_o great_a felicity_n of_o those_o place_n
the_o air_n than_o it_o will_v do_v without_o this_o refraction_n we_o shall_v anon_o allege_v a_o example_n of_o the_o appearancy_n of_o the_o sun_n proceed_v from_o refraction_n 4._o the_o full_a moon_n and_o near_o the_o full_a remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o many_o day_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v beneath_o it_o viz._n for_o so_o many_o more_o day_n by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o so_o high_o elevate_v above_o the_o horizon_n as_o to_o cause_v any_o warmness_n but_o the_o full_a moon_n in_o those_o month_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n remain_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o a_o whole_a revolution_n the_o full_a moon_n be_v never_o above_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o planet_n not_o always_o the_o same_o above_o horizon_n 5._o the_o fix_a star_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o always_o above_o the_o horizon_n but_o not_o the_o planet_n for_o saturn_n remain_v 15_o year_n above_o the_o horizon_n of_o the_o place_n near_o the_o pole_n and_z 15_o beneath_o the_o same_o jupiter_n 6_o year_n beneath_o and_o 6_o above_o the_o same_o horizon_n mars_n 1_o year_n venus_n and_o mercury_n about_o half_a a_o year_n from_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likely_a that_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n and_o season_n in_o divers_a year_n 6._o the_o land_n in_o most_o place_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n be_v stony_a rocky_a and_o as_o hard_o as_o flint_n in_o few_o place_n chalky_a sulphureous_a and_o fat_a in_o these_o place_n there_o be_v a_o moderate_a fertility_n in_o the_o other_o a_o sterility_n 7._o those_o region_n be_v encompass_v with_o the_o sea_n but_o for_o the_o mediterranean_a we_o as_o yet_o have_v no_o certain_a account_n 8._o some_o of_o the_o region_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v mountain_n of_o a_o moderate_a height_n but_o most_o want_v they_o run_v on_o a_o plain_a for_o a_o long_a space_n 9_o the_o cold_a wind_n there_o frequent_o blow_v from_o the_o polary_n plaga_fw-la seldom_o the_o east_n wind_n and_o least_o of_o all_o the_o west_n in_o the_o cold_a arctic_a plaga_fw-la the_o north_n wind_n rage_n in_o the_o antarctic_a the_o south_n 10._o cloud_n and_o rain_n frequent_o perplex_v these_o region_n from_o these_o cause_n it_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o collect_v what_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o season_n in_o these_o region_n be_v for_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n rise_v not_o for_o whole_a day_n it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n thick_a cloud_n frost_n and_o cold_a must_v render_v the_o land_n uninhabitable_a they_o be_v not_o altogether_o deprive_v of_o light_n for_o that_o time_n for_o the_o moon_n be_v above_o the_o horizon_n for_o a_o long_a time_n give_v light_a and_o the_o twilight_n be_v daily_o afford_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la horizon_n but_o the_o snow_n the_o stick_n close_o about_o the_o earth_n which_o can_v be_v discuss_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o therefore_o hinder_v the_o aspect_n of_o remote_a thing_n there_o be_v no_o fertility_n but_o all_o barren_a and_o uncultivated_a for_o that_o which_o some_o suppose_v by_o how_o much_o any_o region_n be_v near_a to_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o less_o it_o feel_v the_o intenseness_n of_o the_o cold_a and_o the_o field_n be_v find_v more_o fertile_a seem_v not_o probable_a to_o i_o when_o neither_o in_o nova_n zembla_n which_o be_v distant_a 16_o degree_n from_o the_o pole_n nor_o in_o spitzbirga_n which_o be_v only_o 8_o degree_n distant_a such_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v but_o a_o roughness_n and_o hardness_n and_o almost_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n snow_n or_o at_o least_o shower_n and_o very_o cold_a wind_n neither_o be_v their_o opinion_n help_v by_o one_o example_n observe_v by_o mariner_n in_o a_o certain_a region_n 9_o degree_n distant_a from_o the_o pole_n which_o most_o man_n suppose_v to_o be_v groenland_n for_o in_o this_o green_a grass_n be_v find_v and_o a_o air_n more_o warm_a than_o in_o nova_n zembla_n as_o be_v most_o certain_a the_o only_a animal_n peculiar_a to_o these_o northern_a region_n venison_n rhinoceros_n a_o kind_n of_o venison_n be_v the_o rhinoceros_n and_o this_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o month_n become_v exceed_o fat_a by_o feed_v on_o this_o grass_n nevertheless_o see_v that_o as_o yet_o not_o many_o region_n be_v hitherto_o find_v of_o this_o temperature_n in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n it_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o we_o from_o this_o single_a example_n to_o make_v a_o general_a conjecture_n especial_o see_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o peculiar_a constitution_n be_v manifest_a for_o that_o land_n be_v full_a of_o marsh_n and_o sedgey_a and_o the_o grass_n by_o which_o the_o rhinoceros_n or_o dear_a be_v tender_v so_o fat_a be_v not_o a_o kind_n of_o terrestrial_a grass_n but_o sedge_n and_o osier_n but_o other_o herb_n be_v not_o there_o find_v or_o any_o tree_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o that_o land_n contain_v some_o fat_a and_o sulphureous_a substance_n which_o be_v mix_v which_o the_o water_n produce_v such_o a_o oil_n and_o fatten_v sedge_n but_o that_o the_o like_a earth_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o frigid_a zone_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o be_v observe_v but_o rather_o the_o contrary_n therefore_o in_o the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v little_a light_n but_o a_o incredible_a and_o great_a violence_n of_o cold_a snow_n shower_n and_o polary_a wind_n and_o this_o winter_n begin_v in_o the_o northern_a frigid_a zone_n when_o the_o sun_n first_o enter_v capricorn_n although_o also_o the_o autumn_n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o libra_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o capricorn_n be_v little_o different_a from_o this_o violent_a winter_n the_o spring_n indeed_o be_v less_o infest_a with_o this_o violence_n of_o the_o air_n yet_o it_o be_v without_o snow_n shower_n and_o cold_a polary_a wind_n yet_o the_o increase_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o day_n or_o rather_o the_o decrease_n of_o cold_a be_v discover_v at_o that_o time_n viz._n the_o sun_n go_v from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o aries_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o cancer_n and_o in_o this_o vernal_a season_n or_o in_o the_o latter_a day_n of_o it_o the_o sun_n continue_v above_o the_o horizon_n in_o entire_a revolution_n and_o therefore_o then_o there_o be_v discover_v a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o of_o that_o force_n as_o to_o melt_v and_o dissolve_v the_o snow_n of_o all_o those_o place_n into_o water_n much_o less_o be_v it_o able_a to_o melt_v the_o ice_n whence_o mariner_n report_v that_o here_o be_v to_o be_v find_v snow_n and_o ice_n of_o a_o perpetual_a duration_n then_o the_o summer_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o go_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o 1_o degree_n of_o cancer_n to_o the_o 1_o of_o libra_n in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o which_o the_o sun_n yet_o remain_v for_o whole_a day_n above_o the_o horizon_n and_o augment_v the_o heat_n by_o some_o accession_n so_o that_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v month_n of_o a_o tolerable_a air._n in_o some_o place_n among_o the_o mountain_n the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v intense_a but_o the_o shower_n and_o cloud_n do_v much_o hinder_v this_o benignity_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o especial_o the_o most_o sharp_a northern_a wind_n unto_o which_o sometime_o snow_n be_v adjoin_v so_o that_o no_o fruit_n or_o corn_n can_v here_o arrive_v to_o any_o maturity_n except_o in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o arctic_a circle_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o shadow_n which_o the_o body_n erect_v in_o the_o earth_n and_o illuminate_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v and_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n arise_v from_o thence_o see_v that_o the_o shadow_n in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o the_o illuminate_v body_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v cast_v be_v carry_v into_o divers_a place_n and_o fall_v on_o the_o sense_n have_v much_o variety_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o cause_n be_v strike_v with_o a_o admiration_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o earth_n divide_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o it_o be_v into_o three_o sort_n which_o division_n must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o to_o its_o superficies_n so_o that_o they_o term_v some_o amphiscij_fw-la other_o heteroscij_fw-la and_o the_o rest_n periscij_fw-la the_o explication_n of_o which_o term_n see_v that_o they_o contain_v but_o small_a learning_n we_o shall_v say_v somewhat_o also_o concern_v shadow_n which_o although_o they_o do_v not_o pertain_v to_o geography_n yet_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o near_a affinity_n they_o may_v be_v propose_v in_o this_o chapter_n shadow_n of_o
of_o mars_n jupiter_n saturn_n and_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v altogether_o uncertain_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o defect_n of_o the_o parallaxy_n or_o mutual_a change_n in_o the_o copernican_n hypothesis_n the_o distance_n be_v vary_v not_o only_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o also_o from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o the_o reason_n of_o either_o opinion_n to_o wit_n of_o the_o ptolomean_a and_o copernican_n concern_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o with_o they_o which_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v for_o this_o disputation_n have_v great_a affinity_n with_o the_o same_o for_o if_o you_o ascribe_v and_o allow_v the_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v call_v the_o proper_a motion_n not_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o if_o you_o allow_v that_o second_o motion_n to_o the_o earth_n not_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o middle_n these_o argument_n follow_v may_v be_v say_v for_o the_o copernican_n opinion_n universe_n the_o sun_n not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n but_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n 1._o the_o sun_n be_v not_o only_o the_o fountain_n of_o light_n which_o as_o a_o most_o clear_a shine_a torch_n illuminate_v the_o earth_n moon_n venus_n and_o without_o doubt_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n but_o he_o be_v the_o firehearth_n of_o heat_n and_o vital_a spirit_n by_o which_o this_o whole_a universe_n seem_v to_o be_v cherish_v and_o sustain_v therefore_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o hold_v the_o middle_a place_n and_o that_o these_o be_v move_v round_o about_o he_o 2._o it_o be_v more_o likely_a that_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v about_o the_o sun_n that_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n she_o may_v receive_v light_a and_o heat_n from_o he_o etc._n the_o sun_n a_o vast_a body_n etc._n etc._n 3._o the_o sun_n be_v place_v in_o the_o midst_n some_o cause_n be_v render_v why_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v carry_v round_o about_o he_o to_o wit_n because_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o most_o vast_a body_n and_o endow_v with_o great_a virtue_n and_o force_n therefore_o he_o roll_v and_o stir_v up_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n to_o their_o motion_n and_o this_o reason_n especial_o take_v place_n if_o we_o admit_v kepler_n hypothesis_n concern_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o planet_n sun_n spot_n in_o the_o sun_n 4._o the_o observation_n of_o galilaeus_fw-la and_o scheiner_n concern_v the_o spot_n in_o the_o sun_n prove_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v about_o his_o axil_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n therefore_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o planet_n have_v their_o cause_n of_o go_v about_o neither_o seem_v it_o consistent_a with_o reason_n that_o any_o other_o shall_v be_v attribute_v to_o he_o 5._o if_o we_o allow_v the_o earth_n a_o place_n between_o mars_n and_o venus_n and_o allow_v the_o centre_n to_o the_o sun_n the_o motion_n of_o every_o planet_n fitting_o answer_v and_o agree_v to_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n which_o in_o the_o ptolomaick_a supposition_n be_v manifest_v not_o to_o be_v effect_v by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n venus_n and_o mercury_n 6._o those_o celestial_a appearance_n which_o we_o have_v use_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n for_o the_o prove_v the_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v also_o valid_a and_o efficacious_a for_o this_o place_n which_o i_o have_v say_v must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o earth_n to_o wit_n the_o retrograde_a course_n and_o station_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o the_o admirable_a apparent_a motion_n of_o venus_n and_o mercury_n etc._n etc._n for_o indeed_o that_o second_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v before_o hand_n suppose_v this_o place_n and_o place_v of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v it_o join_v to_o itself_o very_o near_o but_o this_o argument_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v the_o chief_a yet_o for_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n nothing_o can_v be_v fetch_v by_o way_n of_o argument_n for_o gather_v thence_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n if_o she_o be_v without_o or_o want_v the_o second_o motion_n as_o origanus_n also_o determine_v 7._o so_o also_o the_o variation_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o planet_n from_o the_o earth_n be_v well_o declare_v earth_n the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n argument_n about_o the_o earth_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o aristotelian_o and_o platonist_n oppugn_v the_o pythagorean_n opinion_n with_o many_o argument_n and_o endeavour_v to_o challenge_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o place_n by_o these_o argument_n first_o heavy_a thing_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n but_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o heavy_a body_n therefore_o it_o take_v up_o that_o centre_n second_o heavy_a thing_n will_v go_v from_o the_o earth_n towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n unless_o this_o centre_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n three_o the_o centre_n be_v the_o ignobl_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n also_o be_v the_o vile_a part_n of_o this_o universe_n therefore_o it_o shall_v have_v the_o centre_n thereof_o four_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v without_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o star_n than_o the_o star_n and_o constellation_n will_v be_v see_v in_o some_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o some_o day_n big_a than_o in_o other_o five_o neither_o will_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o heaven_n always_o be_v conspicuous_a as_o taurus_n rise_v the_o scorpion_n shall_v set_v etc._n etc._n six_o neither_o will_v there_o be_v equinox_n seven_o neither_o the_o moon_n rise_v eclipse_v will_v the_o sun_n set_v etc._n etc._n eight_o neither_o will_v the_o number_n of_o miles_n in_o the_o earth_n equal_o answer_v every_o degree_n in_o heaven_n copernican_n the_o aforesaid_a reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o refute_v by_o the_o copernican_n the_o copernican_n do_v easy_o weaken_v these_o reason_n of_o the_o aristotelian_o for_o the_o first_o and_o second_o be_v refel_v because_o the_o motion_n of_o heavy_a thing_n be_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o universe_n but_o to_o the_o homogeneal_a body_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n and_o loadstone_n the_o three_o reason_n take_v a_o false_a major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n for_o the_o centre_n be_v also_o a_o noble_a place_n and_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o ignoble_a or_o base_a the_o other_o reason_n be_v easy_o disprove_v by_o diagram_n or_o description_n this_o at_o least_o be_v fore-supposed_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n or_o centre_n how_o great_a soever_o it_o be_v yet_o if_o it_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n from_o the_o sun_n it_o will_v be_v so_o little_a as_o that_o it_o will_v have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o saturn_n the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n from_o the_o earth_n not_o so_o great_a as_o of_o mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n moreover_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o theorem_fw-la belong_v to_o this_o place_n that_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o superior_a planet_n mars_n jupiter_n and_o saturn_n be_v so_o great_a from_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o proportion_n to_o it_o but_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mercury_n be_v not_o so_o great_a touch_v the_o sun_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o a_o doubt_n sure_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n of_o the_o half_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o sun_n that_o will_v be_v very_o small_a but_o the_o theorem_n be_v prove_v thus_o first_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o high_a planet_n appear_v to_o we_o to_o rise_v at_o the_o same_o moment_n at_o which_o they_o will_v appear_v to_o rise_v by_o a_o right_n contrive_v supputation_n and_o calculation_n if_o we_o be_v set_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o distance_n of_o our_o place_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o be_v the_o half_a diameter_n bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n second_o if_o we_o take_v the_o meridian_n or_o altitude_n of_o a_o fix_a star_n or_o one_o of_o the_o superior_a planet_n with_o a_o astronomical_a instrument_n we_o find_v the_o same_o as_o if_o we_o have_v observe_v it_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n vanish_v away_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o distance_n three_o if_o there_o be_v any_o proportion_n than_o the_o distance_n of_o two_o star_n will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v lesser_a about_o the_o horizon_n than_o
hinder_v do_v flow_v from_o more_o high_a place_n to_o place_n more_o low_a if_o therefore_o the_o place_n about_o the_o shore_n be_v not_o so_o high_a as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n part_n of_o the_o sea_n will_v flow_v from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o will_v neither_o consist_v or_o be_v calm_a which_o yet_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o the_o air._n 2._o if_o that_o the_o ocean_n far_o remote_a from_o the_o shore_n be_v more_o high_a than_o the_o sea_n at_o the_o shore_n that_o altitude_n will_v be_v discover_v a_o far_o long_a interval_n than_o a_o spherical_a superficies_n do_v admit_v of_o yea_o it_o will_v be_v see_v from_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n intercept_v between_o that_o altitude_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v see_v and_o experience_n testify_v that_o it_o can_v be_v behold_v from_o a_o great_a distance_n but_o that_o by_o degree_n the_o more_o remote_a part_n be_v detect_v after_o the_o more_o near_o when_o we_o come_v to_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o by_o how_o much_o any_o part_n be_v more_o vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n by_o so_o much_o it_o be_v first_o or_o by_o a_o large_a interval_n behold_v from_o the_o shore_n therefore_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n remove_v from_o the_o shore_n be_v not_o high_a than_o that_o part_n that_o be_v nigh_o unto_o it_o wherefore_o the_o ocean_n be_v of_o the_o same_o altitude_n every_o where_o both_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o at_o the_o shore_n and_o not_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n 3._o mariner_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o deep_a sea_n although_o they_o apply_v their_o mathematical_a instrument_n yet_o find_v it_o no_o high_o there_o than_o in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o shore_n which_o certain_o can_v not_o be_v if_o that_o the_o sea_n have_v any_o altitude_n elevate_v as_o a_o tower_n or_o mountain_n for_o as_o by_o instrument_n we_o find_v the_o altitude_n of_o tower_n or_o mountain_n above_o the_o subject_v part_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o also_o if_o that_o there_o be_v any_o altitude_n of_o the_o middle_a ocean_n above_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n it_o can_v not_o be_v obstruct_v and_o avoid_v the_o subtlety_n of_o instrument_n 4._o also_o here_o and_o there_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v island_n and_o that_o in_o great_a number_n in_o some_o part_n which_o be_v near_o to_o the_o continent_n or_o great_a island_n therefore_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o shore_n of_o those_o island_n 5._o no_o cause_n can_v be_v show_v why_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n shall_v be_v high_o and_o not_o flow_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n if_o that_o their_o water_n be_v more_o depress_v for_o by_o experience_n we_o find_v that_o water_n any_o where_o situate_v move_v to_o the_o vicine_fw-la part_n and_o these_o be_v less_o high_a which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o many_o inundation_n from_o these_o i_o think_v we_o sufficient_o collect_v that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o land_n see_v therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o very_a few_o shore_n be_v elevate_v little_o more_o than_o the_o vicine_fw-la mediterranean_a land_n and_o in_o most_o lesser_a see_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n increase_v and_o rise_v into_o hill_n thence_o we_o conclude_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o land_n now_o that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o land_n from_o the_o shore_n to_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n augment_v or_o that_o the_o mediterranean_a place_n be_v high_a than_o the_o shore_n be_v prove_v from_o the_o flux_n of_o river_n most_o of_o which_o arise_v in_o mediterranean_a place_n and_o flow_v to_o the_o ocean_n 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the_o wind_n 4._o from_o the_o ruin_n or_o subsidency_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o shore_n also_o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v make_v high_a in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o the_o fall_n of_o the_o sand_n or_o mud._n proposition_n vii_o the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n but_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o remain_v always_o the_o same_o fountain_n the_o ocean_n have_v no_o fountain_n experience_n testify_v that_o water_n of_o river_n proceed_v from_o fountain_n or_o spring_n and_o because_o that_o this_o have_v be_v for_o so_o many_o century_n of_o year_n it_o thence_o necessary_o follow_v that_o that_o water_n which_o continual_o flow_v from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o sea_n return_v through_o subterranean_a passage_n or_o some_o other_o way_n to_o the_o same_o fountain_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n there_o be_v philosopher_n in_o old_a time_n say_v that_o the_o sea_n spring_v from_o certain_a fountain_n 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the_o exiguity_n of_o the_o water_n which_o do_v not_o grow_v thick_a but_o resolve_v for_o although_o you_o take_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n and_o that_o you_o provoke_v with_o a_o light_n and_o gentle_a fire_n that_o the_o resolution_n may_v be_v impede_v yet_o the_o water_n acquire_v no_o salt_n taste_v 3._o lake_n and_o marsh_n though_o heat_v by_o the_o sun_n yet_o wax_v not_o salt_n this_o objection_n also_o scaliger_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v say_v that_o this_o happen_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o same_o be_v find_v in_o those_o stand_a pool_n and_o lake_n which_o only_o proceed_v from_o rain_n or_o snow_n dissolve_v where_o there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o that_o refuge_n of_o succession_n for_o those_o lake_n be_v rather_o dry_v when_o that_o it_o rain_v not_o for_o a_o long_a space_n than_o turn_v into_o salt_n or_o render_v salt_n therefore_o reject_v those_o false_a opinion_n concern_v the_o cause_n and_o original_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o ocean_n let_v we_o lay_v hold_n of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n with_o little_a or_o no_o difficulty_n in_o it_o viz._n 1._o that_o these_o particle_n be_v coeternal_a with_o the_o very_a ocean_n and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v no_o more_o dispute_v concern_v their_o original_n than_o concern_v the_o original_n of_o the_o ocean_n itself_o the_o earth_n yea_o and_o of_o the_o original_n and_o generation_n of_o the_o world_n 2._o if_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v less_o complacent_fw-la we_o may_v make_v choice_n of_o another_o viz._n that_o these_o salt_n particle_n be_v here_o and_o there_o pull_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o dissolve_v into_o water_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o be_v many_o saline_a mountain_n or_o rock_n in_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o sea_n rock_n isle_n of_o ormus_n a_o salt_n rock_n the_o whole_a isle_n of_o ormus_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o white_a and_o hard_a salt_n of_o which_o they_o make_v the_o wall_n of_o their_o house_n and_o therefore_o no_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o that_o isle_n and_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a how_o that_o many_o mine_n of_o salt_n be_v find_v on_o the_o land_n and_o we_o have_v relate_v concern_v some_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n but_o we_o need_v not_o particular_n let_v we_o consider_v the_o whole_a earth_n it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v much_o salt_n in_o it_o the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o salt_n for_o it_o have_v its_o consistency_n from_o salt_n for_o the_o chemical_a philosopher_n do_v right_o prove_v that_o the_o consistency_n and_o compaction_n of_o every_o thing_n proceed_v from_o salt_n and_o experience_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o assertion_n for_o if_o that_o you_o take_v a_o hard_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o ash_n much_o salt_n will_v be_v find_v in_o it_o nothing_o can_v be_v allege_v against_o this_o opinion_n that_o be_v of_o any_o value_n and_o be_v not_o easy_o refute_v for_o some_o say_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o those_o salt_n part_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v perpetual_o suffice_v and_o shall_v not_o at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o be_v consume_v by_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o continual_o take_v away_o some_o part_n of_o they_o unto_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o salt_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o consume_v in_o so_o great_a abundance_n that_o it_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o much_o instauration_n and_o if_o that_o any_o be_v consume_v yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o be_v lay_v up_o in_o another_o place_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n proposition_n ix_o whether_o that_o water_n be_v the_o fresh_a in_o the_o ocean_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o bottom_n and_o why_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n fresh_a water_n be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n sea_n of_o the_o freshness_n of_o water_n in_o the_o sea_n unto_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o experience_n do_v not_o testify_v concern_v that_o sweetness_n but_o in_o some_o place_n of_o which_o the_o other_o question_n speak_v that_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n i_o have_v sufficient_o say_v for_o it_o can_v natural_o be_v that_o the_o more_o salt-water_n shall_v exist_v above_o water_n less_o salt_n see_v that_o that_o be_v more_o heavy_a those_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n where_o fresh_a water_n be_v find_v to_o spring_v at_o the_o bottom_n may_v be_v collect_v by_o those_o that_o be_v studious_a from_o the_o writer_n of_o geography_n proposition_n x._o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n become_v less_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o more_o salt_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o aequator_fw-la or_o torrid_a zone_n although_o this_o may_v be_v understand_v of_o most_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n yet_o the_o proposition_n admit_v of_o some_o exception_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o inequality_n in_o saltness_n be_v sixfold_a place_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o different_a place_n 1._o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n lift_v up_o more_o vapour_n from_o the_o ocean_n into_o the_o cloud_n than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n which_o be_v the_o vapour_n of_o freshwater_n because_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o gravity_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o lift_v up_o see_v therefore_o that_o from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o where_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n so_o much_o the_o vapour_n be_v separate_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o water_n that_o be_v lest_o be_v find_v more_o salt_n there_o than_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n where_o there_o be_v not_o so_o much_o freshwater_n separate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o weak_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_n the_o second_o cause_n 2._o the_o second_o cause_n be_v the_o heat_n or_o cold_a of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o same_o numerical_a water_n or_o salt_n meat_n as_o also_o pickle_a meat_n sauce_n and_o the_o like_a afford_v a_o more_o sensible_a saltness_n to_o the_o taste_n when_o they_o be_v eat_v hot_a than_o when_o cold_a for_o the_o heat_n or_o particle_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v move_v and_o render_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o salt_n contain_v in_o such_o meat_n more_o acute_a and_o separate_v they_o from_o the_o admixture_n whence_o they_o bite_v and_o prick_v the_o tongue_n more_o sharp_o now_o because_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o more_o hot_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v nigh_a the_o aequator_fw-la or_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o every_o day_n and_o contrariwise_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o water_n though_o they_o shall_v contain_v the_o same_o quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o they_o must_v seem_v and_o appear_v so_o much_o the_o salt_a to_o the_o taste_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o they_o have_v less_o sensible_a salt_n cause_n the_o 3d_o cause_n 3._o the_o three_o cause_n be_v the_o more_o or_o less_o quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o ocean_n for_o as_o we_o find_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v not_o pit_n of_o salt_n in_o they_o all_o neither_o where_o they_o be_v find_v be_v there_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n must_v be_v hold_v concern_v the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o sea_n wash_v or_o cover_v that_o be_v the_o channel_n or_o the_o shore_n where_o there_o be_v therefore_o most_o quantity_n of_o salt_n or_o mineral_n in_o the_o bottom_n or_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n there_o the_o water_n be_v more_o salt_n because_o that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n so_o the_o isle_n of_o ormus_n consist_v all_o of_o salt_n therefore_o the_o adjacent_a ocean_n have_v very_a salt_n water_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v great_a plenty_n of_o salt_n in_o the_o channel_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o more_o saline_a mine_n than_o in_o the_o north_n be_v very_o doubtful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o want_n of_o observation_n yet_o it_o seem_v probable_a unto_o some_o that_o there_o be_v great_a quantity_n of_o salt_n in_o those_o place_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o
salt_n but_o this_o be_v a_o deceitful_a sign_n cause_n the_o four_o cause_n 4._o the_o four_o cause_n of_o the_o unequal_a saltness_n be_v the_o frequency_n or_o scarcity_n of_o rains_n unto_o which_o we_o may_v add_v snow_n and_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n snow_n and_o rain_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n they_o be_v less_o frequent_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o year_n and_o in_o othersome_a they_o be_v almost_o continual_a and_o therefore_o in_o these_o place_n in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o so_o salt_n on_o the_o shore_n and_o have_v less_o salt_n in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o dry_a month_n yea_o in_o many_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o malabar_n the_o ocean_n be_v fresh_a in_o the_o pluvial_a month_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n that_o flow_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n gatis_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n for_o this_o very_a reason_n in_o divers_a season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o same_o ocean_n be_v of_o a_o various_a saltness_n yet_o because_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o rain_n and_o snow_n be_v continual_a throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n therefore_o this_o sea_n be_v less_o salt_n than_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n cause_n the_o 5_o cause_n 5._o the_o five_o cause_n be_v the_o dissimilary_a solution_n or_o unequal_a faculty_n of_o the_o water_n to_o dissolve_v this_o salt_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o its_o self_n for_o hot_a water_n soon_o unit_v salt_n unto_o itself_o then_o cold_a water_n although_o therefore_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o shore_n and_o channel_n of_o the_o same_o contain_v more_o or_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o salt_n that_o those_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n do_v yet_o because_o the_o water_n be_v there_o more_o cold_a it_o be_v not_o so_o able_a to_o dissolve_v and_o unite_v the_o salt_n to_o itself_o so_o subtle_o we_o the_o water_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n which_o be_v more_o hot_a cause_n the_o 6_o cause_n 6._o the_o six_o cause_n be_v the_o exoneration_n of_o many_o and_o great_a river_n into_o the_o sea_n but_o this_o cause_n only_o take_v place_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n that_o be_v vicine_fw-la to_o the_o shore_n but_o be_v not_o discover_v in_o the_o remote_a part_n so_o mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o brasilia_n where_o the_o silver-river_n disburthen_v itself_o lose_v it_o saltness_n and_o afford_v fresh_a water_n fifteen_o mile_n distant_a from_o the_o shore_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o african_a ocean_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o congi_n where_o the_o river_n zaire_n exonerate_v itself_o and_o of_o many_o more_o river_n unto_o these_o add_v run_v fountain_n in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ocean_n these_o be_v the_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o concur_v to_o the_o variety_n and_o diversity_n of_o saltness_n in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n from_o which_o the_o saltness_n of_o every_o one_o of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v explain_v from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o give_v a_o account_n why_o the_o water_n of_o the_o german_a and_o northern_a ocean_n be_v less_o apt_a to_o separate_v salt_n from_o itself_o by_o coction_n than_o the_o water_n of_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n the_o canary_n isle_n and_o that_o of_o cape_n verd_fw-mi whence_o the_o dutch_a fetch_v salt_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o transport_v it_o into_o the_o northern_a region_n viz._n this_o ocean_n be_v more_o near_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o receive_v water_n from_o the_o ocean_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o other_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n yet_o i_o can_v deny_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o channel_n themselves_o to_o be_v more_o or_o less_o saline_a the_o sea-water_n at_o guinee_n in_o the_o ethiopic_a ocean_n afford_v salt_n at_o one_o coction_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n such_o as_o neither_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n nor_o any_o other_o in_o europe_n do_v produce_v at_o one_o coction_n or_o boil_a proposition_n xi_o why_o rain-water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v find_v sweet_a but_o the_o water_n which_o we_o separate_v from_o the_o marine_a or_o salt-water_n either_o by_o decoction_n or_o distillation_n be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o find_v salt_n when_o yet_o the_o rain-water_n proceed_v from_o the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o the_o sea_n salt-water_n freshwater_n abstract_v from_o salt-water_n the_o learned_a chemist_n or_o true_a naturalist_n have_v hitherto_o labour_v in_o vain_a that_o they_o may_v find_v out_o a_o art_n by_o which_o they_o may_v distil_v and_o abstract_n fresh_a water_n from_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o will_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n but_o as_o yet_o their_o labour_n have_v prove_v fruitless_a for_o although_o as_o well_o in_o the_o decoction_n as_o distillation_n salt_n may_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o the_o water_n separate_v by_o decoction_n as_o well_o as_o distillation_n be_v yet_o find_v salt_n and_o not_o fit_a for_o man_n to_o drink_v which_o seem_v wonderful_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n yet_o chemistry_n that_o be_v true_a philosophy_n have_v teach_v the_o reason_n for_o by_o the_o benefit_n of_o this_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a salt_n in_o body_n or_o two_o kind_n of_o salt_n which_o although_o they_o agree_v in_o taste_n yet_o they_o much_o differ_v in_o other_o quality_n one_o of_o these_o artist_n term_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n the_o fix_a salt_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o gravity_n be_v not_o elevate_v in_o distillation_n but_o remain_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n be_v full_a of_o spirit_n and_o indeed_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o most_o subtle_a spirit_n that_o be_v elevate_v by_o a_o very_a light_a fire_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o distillation_n ascend_v with_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o be_v more_o firm_o unite_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o atom_n neither_o be_v this_o volatile_a salt_n find_v only_o with_o fix_a salt_n in_o sea-water_n but_o almost_o in_o all_o body_n as_o chemistry_n prove_v by_o experience_n but_o in_o some_o in_o a_o great_a and_o in_o othersome_a in_o a_o lesser_a quantity_n in_o a_o great_a quantity_n in_o sharp_a taste_v herb_n in_o a_o lesser_a in_o oily_a herb_n therefore_o difficulty_n consist_v in_o the_o separation_n of_o this_o salt_n spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n from_o the_o water_n but_o why_o the_o pluvial_a water_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o less_o fresh_a than_o on_o the_o land_n see_v that_o yet_o it_o be_v generate_v by_o abstraction_n of_o the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o ocean_n cause_v by_o the_o fervour_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o some_o subterraneous_a fire_n which_o evaporation_n do_v little_o differ_v from_o distillation_n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v fourfold_o 1._o a_o slow_a operation_n by_o which_o the_o tenuous_a part_n be_v only_o elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n which_o although_o it_o contain_v a_o saline_a volatile_a spirit_n yet_o it_o have_v it_o in_o less_o quantity_n than_o if_o that_o this_o exhalation_n be_v cause_v by_o a_o more_o forcible_a heat_n 2._o the_o long_a way_n that_o this_o vapour_n pass_v through_o before_o that_o it_o arrive_v unto_o that_o region_n of_o the_o air_n where_o it_o be_v condensated_a into_o rain_n in_o passage_n it_o be_v possible_a that_o the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v by_o degree_n separate_v from_o the_o watery_a particle_n 3._o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o watery_a particle_n exist_v in_o the_o air_n 4._o a_o refrigeration_n coition_n and_o condensation_n of_o the_o vapour_n for_o these_o exhalation_n exhale_v from_o the_o ocean_n by_o degree_n be_v more_o and_o more_o refrigerated_a and_o be_v conjoin_v with_o other_o obvious_a and_o admix_v vapour_n they_o condense_a into_o a_o more_o thick_a vapour_n or_o cloud_n in_o this_o refrigeration_n and_o condensation_n or_o coition_n of_o the_o saline_a spirit_n with_o the_o fiery_a particle_n they_o fly_v into_o the_o more_o exalt_a part_n of_o the_o air._n now_o why_o the_o same_o be_v not_o perform_v in_o distillation_n where_o the_o vapour_n exalt_v be_v also_o condense_v the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o small_a passage_n the_o saline_a spirit_n be_v as_o yet_o over_o strait_o conjoin_v to_o the_o watery_a particle_n 2._o that_o the_o vapour_n restrain_v in_o the_o vessel_n admit_v not_o a_o free_a passage_n to_o the_o evolant_fw-la spirit_n proposition_n xii_o sea-water_n be_v more_o ponderous_a than_o fresh_a water_n and_o the_o water_n of_o one_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o another_o water_n sea_n water_n more_o heavy_a than_o fresh_a water_n the_o cause_n be_v manifest_a from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v
by_o reason_n that_o the_o sea_n water_n contain_v a_o fix_a salt_n which_o be_v a_o far_o more_o weighty_a body_n than_o fresh_a water_n and_o we_o have_v show_v that_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o divers_a quantity_n of_o salt_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o water_n be_v more_o heavy_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n which_o do_v not_o augment_v the_o gravity_n but_o lessen_v it_o and_o yet_o render_v the_o water_n very_a salt_n proposition_n xiii_o salt_n water_n do_v not_o so_o easy_o freeze_v as_o fresh_a or_o a_o great_a dègree_n of_o cold_a be_v require_v to_o the_o congelation_n of_o sea_n water_n than_o of_o fresh_a fresh_a salt_n water_n do_v not_o so_o soon_o freeze_v as_o fresh_a experience_v sufficient_o show_v this_o against_o the_o aristotelian_o who_o defend_v that_o water_n be_v so_o much_o the_o lesser_a obnoxious_a to_o congelation_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v the_o more_o pure_a and_o therefore_o shall_v more_o easy_o congeal_v as_o recede_v more_o from_o the_o elementary_a water_n which_o be_v false_a now_o the_o cause_n be_v that_o in_o the_o salt_n itself_o their_o be_v a_o certain_a spirit_n which_o resist_v congelation_n and_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o salt_n admit_v of_o no_o congelation_n from_o the_o hard_a frost_n as_o those_o that_o be_v skilful_a in_o chemistry_n know_v for_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n be_v a_o medicament_n sufficient_o know_v and_o of_o frequent_a use_n proposition_n fourteen_o why_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o big_a see_v that_o it_o receive_v so_o many_o river_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o that_o the_o water_n return_v to_o the_o sea_n through_o subterraneous_a passage_n unto_o the_o fountain_n of_o the_o river_n as_o shall_v be_v explicate_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n 2._o because_o that_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o ocean_n whereof_o many_o be_v resolve_v into_o rain_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n and_o part_n on_o the_o land_n proposition_n xv._o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n differ_v in_o colour_n colour_n the_o water_n in_o the_o ocean_n in_o all_o place_n not_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o colour_n experience_n testify_v that_o in_o the_o northern_a place_n the_o sea_n seem_v of_o a_o more_o black_a colour_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n of_o a_o duskish_a colour_n in_o other_o place_n of_o a_o blue_a about_o certain_a shore_n of_o new_a guinee_n the_o ocean_n be_v find_v of_o a_o white_a colour_n in_o some_o other_o place_n of_o a_o yellow_a in_o streights_n the_o water_n appear_v to_o incline_v to_o white_a at_o the_o shore_n of_o congi_n not_o far_o from_o bay_a a_o d'alvaro_n gonzales_n a_o rivulet_n or_o a_o arm_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n of_o somewhat_o a_o redish_n colour_n take_v from_o a_o mine_n of_o red_a earth_n through_o which_o it_o flow_v but_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n call_v therefore_o the_o red_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o property_n of_o the_o colour_n some_o will_v have_v the_o denomination_n take_v from_o king_n erythreus_n other_o from_o the_o splendour_n which_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n repercuss_v do_v effect_n but_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n and_o that_o which_o be_v confirm_v from_o experience_n be_v that_o the_o redness_n do_v arise_v from_o the_o sand_n of_o a_o red_a colour_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o sea_n and_o on_o the_o shore_n and_o be_v frequent_o admix_v with_o the_o water_n it_o the_o water_n in_o the_o red_a sea_n only_o red_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o red_a sâ—â—â—â—_n in_o it_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o admixture_n which_o seem_v contrary_a to_o the_o ponderousness_n of_o sand_n be_v the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o water_n or_o its_o swiftness_n and_o agitation_n in_o this_o sea_n by_o which_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o sand_n or_o gravel_n be_v agitate_a and_o move_v up_o and_o down_o and_o so_o hinder_v by_o the_o continual_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o it_o can_v rest_v mariner_n affirm_v that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o sea_n sometime_o appear_v as_o red_a as_o blood_n but_o if_o take_v up_o in_o a_o vessel_n the_o sand_n will_v sink_v down_o and_o then_o the_o water_n appear_v otherwise_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o storm_n from_o the_o red_a sea_n rush_v into_o arabia_n or_o africa_n carry_v with_o they_o so_o great_a a_o abundance_n of_o sand_n and_o cast_v it_o on_o the_o earth_n that_o it_o cover_v whole_a troop_n of_o man_n and_o beast_n whence_o proceed_v the_o true_a mummy_n whether_o from_o the_o same_o or_o another_o cause_n the_o sea_n between_o california_n and_o america_n be_v term_v red_a vermejo_n i_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v it_o observe_v by_o writer_n proposition_n xvi_o certain_a peculiar_a thing_n be_v find_v in_o certain_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n place_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o ocean_n peculiar_a to_o certain_a place_n the_o sea_n term_v diego_n sargasso_n by_o the_o portugal_n which_o begin_v not_o far_o from_o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o africa_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o salt_n and_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o 20_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n unto_o the_o 34th_o of_o south_n latitude_n the_o colour_n of_o this_o sea_n seem_v to_o be_v green_a which_o be_v not_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o sea_n itself_o but_o of_o a_o certain_a small_a leave_a herb_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o call_v by_o the_o portugal_n sargasso_n the_o leaf_n of_o this_o weed_n mutual_o complicate_v one_o into_o another_o swim_v on_o the_o face_n of_o this_o ocean_n in_o so_o continue_v a_o tract_n that_o the_o water_n can_v hardly_o be_v see_v so_o that_o the_o seaman_n afar_o off_o discover_v this_o ocean_n take_v it_o for_o a_o island_n and_o green_a land_n neither_o can_v they_o pass_v through_o this_o knot_n of_o weed_n except_o that_o they_o be_v help_v by_o a_o moderate_a wind_n at_o least_o the_o herb_n bear_v a_o small_a berry_n whence_o it_o arise_v be_v not_o yet_o know_v see_v that_o this_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o near_o any_o land_n that_o it_o shall_v have_v its_o original_n from_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o probable_a that_o it_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o profundity_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v such_o that_o in_o many_o place_n it_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o any_o line_n or_o cord_n in_o the_o ocean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n be_v many_o float_a redlike_a shrub_n of_o a_o great_a thickness_n discover_v unto_o which_o the_o herb_n sargasso_n be_v implicate_v seaman_n take_v it_o for_o a_o certain_a that_o if_o they_o see_v they_o thereabouts_o that_o they_o be_v near_o to_o the_o promontory_n of_o good_a hope_n or_o else_o have_v just_a past_o it_o madagascar_n coral_n find_v on_o the_o shoar_n of_o madagascar_n on_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n the_o ocean_n cast_v up_o red_a and_o white_a coral_n which_o augment_v like_o shrub_n under_o the_o water_n and_o although_o that_o they_o be_v soft_a in_o some_o place_n yet_o between_o madagascar_n and_o africa_n there_o be_v report_v to_o be_v rock_n of_o hard_a coral_n in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n nigh_o to_o the_o shoar_n of_o borussia_n the_o shoar_n cast_v forth_o most_o excellent_a succinum_fw-la which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v teach_v when_o certain_a wind_n do_v blow_n to_o draw_v up_o with_o certain_a iron_n hook_n zone_n amber_n only_o in_o the_o ocean_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n the_o ocean_n cast_v up_o amber_n only_o in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n viz._n at_o the_o shoar_n of_o brazile_n where_o a_o piece_n of_o 500_o l._n weight_n be_v take_v up_o by_o a_o dutch_a soldier_n and_o present_v unto_o count_n nassaw_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n at_o cape_n verd_fw-mi at_o the_o isle_n of_o maurice_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o sumatra_n and_o other_o indian_a isle_n garcias_n relate_v that_o a_o piece_n of_o 200_o l._n weight_n be_v find_v yea_o that_o some_o island_n consist_v whole_o of_o amber_n but_o he_o do_v not_o name_v they_o in_o the_o aethiopic_a ocean_n at_o guinea_n congo_n and_o angola_n this_o be_v peculiar_o observe_v that_o at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o keil_n of_o the_o ship_n whilst_o that_o they_o remain_v there_o green_a cockle_n like_v unto_o grass_n do_v stick_v which_o hinder_v the_o sail_v of_o the_o ship_n and_o eat_v the_o wood_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o languedock_n in_o france_n bird_n unshape_a first_o of_o all_o then_o by_o degree_n they_o receive_v form_n and_o fix_v of_o their_o bill_n in_o the_o wood_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o move_v by_o degree_n they_o be_v pull_v off_o and_o swim_v on_o the_o water_n like_o goose_n the_o excrement_n of_o the_o ocean_n term_v the_o scum_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v find_v float_v in_o
apprehend_v it_o from_o his_o word_n neither_o do_v i_o see_v how_o it_o can_v follow_v from_o his_o hypothesis_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sun_n and_o general_a wind_n do_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o this_o intumescency_n of_o the_o water_n and_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o aequinoctial_o do_v incumb_fw-la on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n therefore_o either_o he_o or_o the_o wind_n cause_n that_o the_o sea_n than_o swell_v more_o than_o at_o another_o time_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o solstice_n we_o must_v say_v in_o a_o contrary_a mode_n or_o that_o the_o same_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a intumescency_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_o either_o of_o the_o spring_n or_o autumn_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o more_o frequent_a rain_n wind_n and_o inundadion_n in_o those_o season_n proposition_n fourteen_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n gulf_n and_o shore_n great_a be_v the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o influx_n and_o deflux_n in_o other_o some_o it_o be_v very_o small_a in_o some_o not_o discernible_a and_o so_o there_o be_v no_o flux_n and_o reflux_n or_o intumescency_n and_o detumescency_n ocean_n the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o water_n in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n those_o place_n receive_v great_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n 1._o that_o be_v under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n between_o the_o tropic_n for_o then_o the_o moon_n press_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v there_o carry_v round_o 2._o in_o place_n that_o be_v direct_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n or_o nigh_o the_o collateral_a quarter_n 3._o in_o those_o gulf_n that_o be_v long_a and_o less_o broad_a the_o augmentation_n be_v the_o more_o sensible_a 4._o in_o those_o place_n in_o which_o few_o island_n or_o procurrent_n adjoyn_v to_o the_o earth_n cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n the_o great_a flux_n and_o deflux_n hitherto_o observe_v be_v that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o straight_a of_o cambaja_n in_o one_o of_o the_o inlet_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n and_o it_o have_v strike_v many_o with_o admiration_n for_o the_o water_n recede_v to_o a_o high_a distance_n and_o that_o very_o speedy_o whence_o not_o without_o reason_n the_o river_n indus_n or_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n be_v think_v to_o be_v that_o unto_o which_o when_o that_o alexander_n the_o great_a come_v and_o endeavour_v to_o pass_v his_o army_n over_o as_o it_o be_v there_o relate_v the_o water_n present_o go_v back_o and_o leave_v his_o ship_n a_o ground_n hence_o he_o go_v no_o far_o but_o judge_v that_o the_o god_n have_v here_o fix_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o expedition_n with_o a_o prohibition_n of_o proceed_v any_o far_o the_o cause_n be_v the_o small_a or_o narrow_a and_o deep_a depression_n of_o the_o channel_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v probable_a there_o be_v some_o other_o cause_n damman_n fluv_n and_o reflux_n at_o damman_n at_o the_o city_n damman_n in_o india_n not_o far_o from_o surat_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n by_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v vary_v at_o two_o and_o a_o half_a orygas_n and_o the_o sea_n depart_v from_o the_o shore_n the_o space_n of_o half_a a_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o cambaja_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n five_o orgyas_n other_o say_v seven_o which_o unusual_a augmentation_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o ship_n by_o unexperienced_a mariner_n for_o the_o water_n fall_v they_o have_v be_v split_v on_o the_o rock_n red-sea_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o red-sea_n in_o the_o gulf_n and_o shore_n of_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n no_o constant_a time_n of_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v observe_v for_o sometime_o the_o water_n flow_v and_o reflow_v in_o three_o hour_n othersome_a in_o twelve_o hour_n which_o inconstancy_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violent_a irruption_n of_o the_o ocean_n into_o that_o straight_a and_o from_o the_o various_a agitation_n of_o the_o wind_n about_o malacca_n also_o at_o the_o straight_a of_o sunda_n a_o notable_a flux_n and_o deflux_n be_v observe_v in_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n or_o red_a sea_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n have_v write_v that_o there_o be_v so_o great_a a_o reflux_n as_o scaliger_n write_v that_o moses_n and_o the_o israelite_n pass_v over_o without_o any_o miracle_n but_o it_o be_v false_a because_o the_o reflux_n be_v not_o there_o so_o great_a as_o to_o leave_v the_o channel_n dry_a on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v very_o sensible_a as_o also_o at_o the_o isle_n of_o japan_n at_o panama_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o america_n lie_v at_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n the_o sea_n be_v very_o much_o exalt_v panama_n the_o sea_n at_o the_o flux_n much_o exalt_v at_o panama_n and_o by_o and_o by_o depress_v again_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o flux_n be_v so_o much_o augment_v that_o water_n enter_v into_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n yea_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o south_n sea_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v wonderful_o augment_v and_o diminish_v so_o that_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o decrease_n be_v sensible_a for_o two_o mile_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengala_n at_o the_o shore_n of_o sâ—am_n the_o flux_n augment_v the_o altitude_n ten_o foot_n sea_n the_o flux_n not_o perceivable_a in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n but_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n which_o flow_v in_o through_o the_o strait_n of_o gibraltar_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n the_o flux_n be_v not_o perceivable_a because_o the_o situation_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o quarter_n into_o which_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v and_o therefore_o the_o water_n of_o it_o be_v little_o augment_v by_o the_o flux_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o discernible_a unless_o in_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o long_a extension_n and_o small_a latitude_n show_v the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n when_o in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o notable_a latitude_n that_o little_a augmentation_n and_o decrease_n be_v not_o discover_v whence_o this_o flux_n and_o reflux_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o grecian_n as_o also_o to_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o the_o grecian_n as_o well_v as_o the_o roman_n account_v it_o as_o miraculous_a what_o sometime_o they_o discover_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o expedition_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a and_o of_o scipio_n in_o the_o expugnation_n of_o carthage_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o cicero_n it_o be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n yet_o some_o observe_v it_o a_o little_a at_o massilia_n also_o at_o certain_a coast_n of_o barbary_n it_o be_v note_v enough_o out_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n not_o yet_o find_v out_o in_o the_o baltic_a ocean_n as_o also_o in_o the_o whole_a northern_a sea_n beyond_o england_n towards_o norway_n and_o greenland_n the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o as_o neither_o in_o the_o north_n coast_n of_o the_o pacifick_n ocean_n but_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o know_v unless_o you_o will_v say_v that_o those_o sea_n be_v remote_a from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o also_o that_o they_o be_v extend_v from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n and_o north_n moreover_o that_o many_o isle_n and_o procurrency_n of_o land_n do_v hinder_v these_o three_o must_v be_v conjoin_v to_o impede_fw-la the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o these_o place_n proposition_n xv._o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o violent_a motion_n viz._n a_o impulse_n but_o the_o reflux_n be_v a_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o water_n for_o the_o flux_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o pression_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o matter_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o earth_n or_o also_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o remain_v in_o that_o situation_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o flux_n this_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v a_o violent_a motion_n but_o in_o the_o reflux_n the_o sea_n be_v move_v from_o a_o more_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n which_o be_v the_o natural_a motion_n of_o water_n lemma_n the_o place_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v give_v in_o the_o ecliptic_a and_o the_o latitude_n and_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o a_o ephemerides_n or_o by_o supputation_n or_o astronomical_a observation_n to_o find_v on_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o moon_n at_o the_o hour_n give_v be_v vertical_a also_o to_o exhibit_v all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o
dissolve_v snow_n and_o this_o they_o take_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o that_o rain_n and_o dissolve_v snow_n do_v much_o augment_v the_o river_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o extend_v beyond_o their_o channel_n and_o overflow_v region_n also_o that_o river_n do_v much_o decrease_v and_o some_o lesser_a sort_n of_o they_o be_v altogether_o dry_v up_o when_o no_o rain_n for_o a_o long_a while_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n have_v fall_v because_o that_o their_o channel_n be_v not_o very_o profound_a and_o therefore_o have_v collect_v little_a water_n but_o those_o that_o have_v a_o deep_a channel_n be_v not_o dry_v up_o in_o the_o summer_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o have_v gather_v so_o much_o water_n from_o the_o rain_n that_o fall_v and_o dissolve_v snow_n so_o that_o all_o can_v be_v turn_v into_o vapour_n except_o by_o a_o daily_a and_o continual_a heat_n 2._o because_o that_o there_o be_v very_o few_o river_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n as_o in_o the_o more_o inward_a part_n of_o africa_n there_o be_v few_o spring_n but_o these_o allegation_n resolve_v not_o the_o question_n because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o demand_v or_o seek_v the_o original_a of_o river_n but_o only_o the_o original_a of_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n therefore_o those_o that_o speak_v thus_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o question_n as_o we_o have_v take_v notice_n before_o although_o also_o the_o experience_n that_o they_o allege_v be_v not_o general_a because_o that_o there_o be_v river_n find_v in_o place_n where_o there_o be_v little_a rain_n and_o no_o snow_n although_o it_o be_v true_a in_o the_o region_n of_o peru_n and_o egypt_n which_o they_o assert_v moreover_o rain_n moisten_v not_o the_o earth_n above_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o fountain_n spring_v from_o a_o far_o great_a profundity_n seneca_n the_o opinion_n of_o seneca_n 2._o other_o suppose_v that_o we_o shall_v not_o demand_v whence_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n do_v arise_v by_o reason_n that_o water_n be_v a_o element_n as_o much_o as_o earth_n air_n and_o fire_n concern_v the_o original_a of_o which_o we_o do_v not_o dispute_v thus_o seneca_n discourse_v but_o other_o author_n cut_v in_o twain_o this_o gordian_a knot_n with_o the_o sword_n of_o alexander_n for_o it_o be_v not_o inquire_v after_o how_o that_o water_n have_v a_o be_v but_o how_o it_o come_v to_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n and_o not_o to_o other_o place_n moreover_o the_o earth_n do_v not_o so_o flow_v forward_o as_o river_n do_v but_o for_o the_o air_n it_o be_v false_a that_o we_o shall_v not_o seek_v concern_v it_o as_o they_o determine_v 3._o aristotelian_o follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o their_o master_n 11._o see_v aristotle_n lino_n 1._o chap._n 11._o who_o in_o the_o whole_a eleven_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n endeavour_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n he_o allege_v these_o reason_n 1._o water_n be_v generate_v from_o air_n above_o the_o earth_n viz._n rain_n therefore_o see_v that_o air_n be_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o condensation_n viz._n cold_a therefore_o he_o say_v it_o be_v absurd_a for_o any_o one_o to_o think_v that_o water_n be_v not_o produce_v from_o air_n there_o 2._o experience_n testify_v that_o more_o great_a drop_n that_o fall_v be_v make_v of_o small_a one_o and_o therefore_o the_o original_a of_o river_n must_v be_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a brook_n of_o water_n that_o meet_v in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o therefore_o those_o that_o make_v aqueduct_n be_v wont_a to_o bring_v the_o water_n down_o by_o trench_n and_o small_a channel_n 3._o because_o that_o many_o spring_n and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a river_n be_v find_v in_o mountainous_a place_n very_o few_o in_o plain_n or_o valley_n which_o be_v a_o evidence_n that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o a_o condense_a air_n or_o vapour_n which_o air_n and_o vapour_n tend_v towards_o high_a place_n and_o mountainous_a place_n be_v as_o it_o be_v sponge_n incumb_a over_o low_a place_n those_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o aristotle_n cardanus_n the_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n 4._o cardanus_n with_o other_o suppose_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v from_o rivulet_n which_o be_v generate_v of_o watery_a vapour_n condense_v both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o earth_n but_o that_o these_o fountain_n alone_o scarce_o make_v up_o river_n unless_o assist_v by_o rain_n or_o dissolve_v snow_n his_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o if_o betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n one_o view_v the_o mountain_n they_o will_v appear_v moist_a 2._o river_n overflow_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o the_o part_n of_o it_o be_v more_o near_o the_o fountain_n but_o the_o perpetual_a and_o constant_a impetus_fw-la of_o the_o water_n bubble_v and_o leap_v from_o the_o spring_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v its_o original_a from_o so_o weak_a and_o inconstant_a a_o cause_n neither_o do_v this_o opinion_n of_o cardanus_n much_o differ_v from_o that_o of_o aristotle_n but_o that_o aristotle_n place_v air_n with_o the_o generation_n cardanus_n vapour_n with_o the_o generation_n to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n and_o indeed_o small_a be_v the_o difference_n between_o air_n and_o vapour_n 5._o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n suppose_v rain_n to_o be_v coacervate_v within_o the_o earth_n in_o cavity_n and_o thence_o to_o break_v forth_o as_o from_o a_o mighty_a belly_n and_o that_o all_o river_n spring_v from_o one_o of_o they_o or_o from_o some_o other_o of_o they_o neither_o that_o there_o be_v any_o other_o water_n generate_v but_o what_o be_v collect_v in_o the_o winter_n month_n into_o those_o receptacle_n they_o suppose_v to_o evade_v into_o the_o multitude_n of_o these_o river_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o flow_v more_o in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n and_o that_o some_o be_v continual_a and_o some_o not_z they_o add_v the_o same_o cause_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o opinion_n but_o aristotle_n receive_v this_o opinion_n because_o that_o more_o water_n in_o one_o year_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n than_o the_o bulk_n of_o that_o whole_a part_n of_o earth_n or_o land_n 6._o of_o modern_a philosopher_n many_o as_o also_o of_o the_o ancient_n determine_v that_o the_o earth_n again_o receive_v whatsoever_o water_n flow_v out_o from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o hide_a passage_n go_v under_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v beat_v in_o its_o passage_n through_o divers_a wind_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o strain_v through_o sand_n and_o chalk_n which_o remove_v its_o saltness_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o pure_a water_n i_o also_o defend_v this_o opinion_n and_o suppose_v it_o true_a yet_o so_o as_o not_o to_o exclude_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o first_o and_o three_o place_n the_o reason_n be_v these_o 1._o because_o more_o than_o one_o thousand_o river_n exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o great_a of_o they_o in_o such_o a_o abundancy_n that_o that_o water_n which_o they_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o sea_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n exceed_v the_o whole_a earth_n as_o the_o river_n volga_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o also_o other_o river_n therefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o water_n must_v be_v send_v forth_o into_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n even_o to_o the_o fountain_n of_o river_n now_o if_o that_o this_o be_v not_o so_o we_o can_v not_o possible_o imagine_v how_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v not_o be_v augment_v unto_o a_o immensity_n or_o why_o fountain_n shall_v not_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n neither_o may_v it_o be_v object_v that_o so_o many_o vapour_n be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o water_n that_o the_o sea_n have_v receive_v from_o the_o river_n for_o first_o only_a rain_n make_v those_o vapour_n then_o again_o it_o be_v most_o false_a that_o so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o vapour_n shall_v be_v elevate_v from_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v generate_v from_o the_o water_n which_o flow_v from_o the_o river_n into_o the_o sea_n distant_a fountain_n the_o near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_a than_o those_o far_a distant_a 2._o this_o opinion_n be_v prove_v from_o that_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o fountain_n near_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n and_o brackish_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v nigh_o to_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o salt_n as_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n especial_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o choromaudel_n in_o india_n where_o no_o vine_n
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suppose_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o supply_v so_o many_o river_n then_o again_o that_o river_n than_o shall_v never_o be_v diminish_v if_o that_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o river_n that_o we_o have_v lay_v down_o but_o unto_o these_o two_o the_o answer_n be_v easy_a because_o that_o the_o sea_n again_o receive_v the_o water_n again_o from_o the_o river_n that_o it_o send_v forth_o into_o the_o fountain_n then_o as_o for_o the_o other_o we_o have_v show_v before_o that_o the_o question_n be_v not_o neither_o do_v we_o determine_v that_o all_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n but_o only_o concern_v the_o water_n of_o spring_n which_o be_v not_o the_o alone_a cause_n of_o river_n as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o and_o we_o also_o assert_v that_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n be_v augment_v from_o rain_n and_o dew_n because_o that_o these_o moisten_v the_o earth_n glide_v or_o be_v draw_v towards_o the_o place_n of_o fountain_n concernment_n four_o other_o argument_n of_o great_a concernment_n where_o the_o efflux_n of_o the_o water_n be_v make_v which_o we_o have_v explain_v by_o other_o example_n we_o come_v now_o to_o those_o four_o argument_n allege_v which_o may_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o weight_n with_o they_o the_o first_o be_v esteem_v very_o valid_a as_o be_v take_v from_o multiplicit_fw-la experience_n therefore_o many_o solution_n be_v bring_v and_o allege_v by_o learned_a man_n first_o they_o the_o most_o easy_o discharge_v themselves_o who_o defend_v the_o ocean_n to_o be_v more_o high_a than_o the_o earth_n for_o so_o they_o deny_v the_o assertion_n and_o they_o say_v that_o this_o altitude_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o spring_n because_o that_o spring_n be_v less_o high_a than_o the_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o ocean_n persia_n see_v olearius_n his_o voyage_n into_o persia_n moreover_o olearius_n in_o the_o description_n of_o his_o voyage_n into_o persia_n relate_v that_o he_o ascend_v the_o mountain_n that_o adjoin_v to_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o with_o a_o astrolabe_n or_o rather_o a_o gaeodetical_a instrument_n to_o observe_v the_o elevation_n of_o this_o mountain_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n but_o find_v none_o but_o that_o the_o extreme_a superficies_n of_o that_o sea_n be_v see_v in_o the_o horizontal_n line_n yea_o somewhat_o elevate_v above_o it_o so_o that_o the_o tumour_n of_o this_o sea_n be_v find_v a_o little_a more_o high_a than_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o mountain_n on_o which_o he_o make_v his_o observation_n but_o in_o truth_n this_o solution_n can_v be_v admit_v of_o 13._o see_v chap._n 13._o because_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o thirteen_o chapter_n that_o the_o water_n of_o the_o ocean_n be_v not_o high_a than_o the_o mountain_n
of_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o mutation_n of_o the_o height_n of_o the_o sea_n avail_v much_o sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o flood_n wave_n or_o tempest_n for_o the_o water_n be_v make_v high_o more_o press_v the_o water_n and_o promote_v its_o ingress_n through_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o spring_n and_o see_v that_o every_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v augment_v and_o diminish_v in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n not_o only_o by_o storm_n but_o also_o by_o the_o flux_n and_o reflux_n therefore_o such_o a_o pressure_n happen_v every_o day_n but_o i_o question_v whether_o this_o cause_n can_v effect_v much_o answer_v the_o three_o argument_n answer_v unto_o the_o three_o argument_n i_o say_v that_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o disposition_n of_o the_o place_n and_o of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o as_o i_o say_v that_o the_o humour_n be_v move_v and_o glide_v towards_o that_o part_n where_o the_o flux_n be_v make_v neither_o do_v i_o think_v it_o need_v any_o far_a explication_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n answer_v the_o four_o argument_n take_v from_o the_o saltness_n have_v a_o more_o difficult_a solution_n because_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o saltness_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o only_o by_o transcolation_n for_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n consist_v in_o a_o double_a salt_n which_o the_o aristotelian_o never_o observe_v the_o one_o of_o which_o the_o chemist_n apt_o call_v fix_v the_o other_o volatile_a salt_n and_o the_o fix_a salt_n may_v indeed_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o marine_a water_n as_o well_o by_o continual_a transcolation_n as_o by_o coction_n and_o distillation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o the_o volatile_a salt_n because_o it_o be_v spirituous_a be_v immediate_o advance_v with_o the_o water_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v separate_v by_o frequent_a and_o often_o repeat_v distillation_n therefore_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o give_v a_o mode_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salt_n spirit_n in_o its_o passage_n between_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o fountain_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o these_o will_v suffice_v for_o the_o solution_n 1._o although_o we_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o mode_n and_o artifice_n by_o which_o this_o volatile_a salsitude_n may_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o sea_n water_n yet_o we_o must_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v separate_v for_o by_o nature_n we_o find_v it_o separate_v viz._n for_o fresh_a shower_n fall_v into_o the_o ocean_n which_o yet_o be_v generate_v of_o the_o vapour_n take_v up_o from_o the_o sea_n 2._o those_o particle_n of_o salt_n water_n penetrate_v the_o earth_n before_o they_o flow_v to_o their_o fountain_n be_v mix_v here_o and_o there_o with_o other_o water_n proceed_v there_o from_o rain_n or_o vapour_n and_o so_o that_o small_a saltitude_n that_o they_o yet_o have_v be_v render_v altogether_o insensible_a 3._o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o the_o salsitude_n be_v altogether_o insensible_a in_o all_o spring_n because_o that_o some_o fountain_n be_v salt_n as_o we_o say_v before_o othersome_a brackish_a a_o little_a as_o those_o two_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n suez_n and_o in_o place_n less_o remote_a from_o the_o sea_n therefore_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o long_a transcolation_n and_o gentle_a evaporation_n to_o separate_v the_o water_n from_o the_o volatile_a salt_n and_o by_o this_o artifice_n we_o make_v sea_n water_v less_o salt_n and_o such_o also_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o rain_n water_n which_o therefore_o be_v not_o salt_n or_o at_o least_o less_o salt_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o sometime_o saltish_a kind_n of_o rain_n do_v fall_v into_o the_o sea_n therefore_o the_o water_n of_o fountain_n proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o sea_n or_o subterranean_a water_n partly_o from_o river_n and_o dew_n that_o moisten_v the_o earth_n but_o the_o water_n of_o river_n partly_o proceed_v from_o spring_n and_o partly_o from_o rain_n and_o snow_n proposition_n vi_o certain_a river_n hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n under_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o another_o place_n rise_v up_o again_o as_o if_o they_o be_v new_a river_n again_o of_o river_n which_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o passage_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o rise_v again_o the_o most_o celebrate_a of_o they_o be_v 1._o the_o river_n niger_n which_o meet_v the_o mountain_n of_o nubia_n be_v observe_v under_o they_o and_o come_v forth_o again_o from_o the_o other_o occidental_a quarter_n 2._o tigris_n have_v pass_v the_o lake_n arethusa_n meet_v the_o mountain_n taurus_n be_v hide_v in_o a_o cave_n and_o flow_v out_o on_o the_o other_o side_n then_o when_o it_o have_v pass_v the_o lake_n thospite_v it_o be_v again_o obscure_v in_o subterranean_a cavern_n and_o then_o after_o it_o have_v thus_o run_v the_o space_n of_o about_o six_o german_a mile_n it_o break_v forth_o again_o 3._o about_o arcadia_n in_o peloponnesus_n many_o such_o riveret_n be_v to_o be_v find_v as_o aristotle_n write_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n chapter_n eleven_o 4._o alpheus_n a_o river_n of_o achaia_n be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n the_o grecian_n write_v that_o it_o keep_v its_o course_n under_o the_o sea_n and_o beneath_o the_o earth_n even_o unto_o sicilia_n where_o they_o will_v have_v it_o to_o emerge_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o syracuse_n and_o to_o be_v that_o river_n that_o be_v call_v arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n now_o this_o they_o especial_o collect_v from_o this_o viz._n that_o arethusa_n in_o sicilia_n every_o five_o summer_n cast_v up_o the_o dung_n of_o those_o beast_n at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o olympian_a game_n be_v celebrate_v and_o the_o dung_n and_o garbage_n of_o the_o slay_a victim_n be_v cast_v into_o alpheus_n therefore_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o direct_a current_n they_o be_v cast_v up_o in_o sicilia_n 5._o the_o river_n guadiana_n between_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n in_o time_n past_o call_v anas_n whole_o obscure_v itself_o at_o medelina_n and_o about_o 8_o german_a mile_n further_a discover_v itself_o again_o 6._o dan_o which_o flow_v with_o the_o river_n jor_n make_v jordan_n break_v forth_o some_o mile_n from_o its_o fountain_n phiala_n straw_n or_o rush_n be_v cast_v into_o the_o same_o be_v find_v and_o discover_v in_o the_o fountain_n or_o proruption_n of_o the_o river_n dan._n the_o reason_n why_o these_o river_n hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n and_o again_o emerge_n be_v 1._o the_o obstacle_n of_o a_o more_o elevate_a place_n than_o the_o channel_n of_o the_o river_n 2._o either_o perchance_o some_o cavity_n exist_v in_o the_o earth_n or_o some_o inconstant_a matter_n which_o easy_o give_v place_n to_o the_o glide_a river_n there_o be_v also_o other_o river_n which_o hide_v themselves_o under_o the_o earth_n but_o do_v not_o again_o emerge_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n vii_o most_o of_o the_o great_a and_o indifferent_a river_n as_o also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o lesser_a do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o lake_n and_o the_o place_n where_o this_o exoneration_n be_v make_v be_v term_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n some_o river_n have_v one_o some_o three_o and_o some_o more_o such_o mouth_n some_o of_o the_o river_n of_o indifferent_a magnitude_n as_o also_o the_o lesser_a sort_n discharge_v themselves_o into_o great_a river_n the_o other_o either_o stagnate_n or_o be_v suck_v up_o by_o the_o earth_n lake_n most_o river_n both_o great_a and_o small_a lose_v themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o lake_n concern_v the_o great_a river_n the_o thing_n be_v evident_a by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o rhine_n the_o danube_n the_o wolga_n and_o such_o like_a for_o the_o danube_n be_v exonerate_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n by_o seven_o mouth_n the_o wolga_n have_v at_o least_o seventy_o outlet_n or_o mouth_n the_o nile_n have_v seven_o and_o where_o it_o overflow_v more_o the_o cause_n why_o great_a river_n do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v their_o abundance_n of_o water_n and_o vehement_a course_n now_o why_o they_o have_v more_o outlet_n than_o one_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a reason_n for_o the_o same_o 1._o the_o abundance_n of_o water_n 2._o the_o generation_n of_o sand_n and_o ridge_n in_o the_o mouth_n which_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o become_v either_o part_n of_o the_o land_n or_o island_n and_o so_o cause_n that_o the_o river_n glide_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o branch_n and_o when_o many_o such_o ridge_n be_v generate_v the_o river_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o branch_n or_o one_o mouth_n into_o many_o but_o then_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o mouth_n be_v carry_v forward_o and_o the_o sea_n recede_v from_o
the_o land_n men._n course_n of_o water_n often_o make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o men._n the_o ancient_n testify_v that_o the_o nile_n in_o time_n past_a let_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n by_o one_o mouth_n which_o be_v term_v canobus_n unto_o these_o two_o former_a cause_n a_o three_o may_v be_v add_v viz._n human_a industry_n for_o man_n oftentimes_o from_o some_o river_n derive_v course_n of_o water_n and_o prepare_v a_o passage_n or_o channel_n for_o they_o into_o the_o sea_n partly_o to_o water_v their_o field_n and_o partly_o for_o the_o convenience_n of_o navigation_n which_o aqueduct_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n become_v great_a therefore_o the_o ancient_n write_v and_o that_o not_o without_o probability_n that_o all_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n except_o canobus_n be_v make_v by_o man_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o full_o in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n where_o also_o shall_v be_v declare_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o river_n flow_v into_o the_o channel_n of_o another_o wolchda_n in_o moscovia_n not_o wolga_n arise_v from_o a_o lake_n and_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o another_o lake_n river_n and_o riveret_n which_o neither_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o other_o river_n be_v either_o arm_n or_o branch_n of_o other_o river_n or_o else_o peculiar_a river_n those_o which_o be_v branch_n of_o other_o river_n very_o probable_o do_v stagnate_n and_o go_v not_o under_o the_o earth_n now_o the_o cause_n why_o they_o tend_v not_o towards_o the_o sea_n be_v twofold_a 1._o because_o the_o channel_n be_v not_o so_o deep_a and_o therefore_o they_o have_v not_o much_o water_n 2._o the_o more_o hard_a earth_n hinder_v the_o progress_n 3._o many_o of_o they_o be_v make_v to_o water_v the_o field_n and_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a use_n of_o water_n 4._o the_o mouth_n be_v obstruct_v the_o sea_n depart_v and_o the_o land_n augment_v or_o promote_a towards_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o bank_n or_o ridge_n generate_v in_o the_o channel_n be_v so_o augment_v that_o they_o admit_v of_o no_o water_n but_o repel_v it_o so_o that_o branch_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o former_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o belgic_a ocean_n near_o the_o village_n of_o the_o catti_n now_o stagnate_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o leyden_n and_o that_o village_n but_o those_o peculiar_a river_n which_o neither_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n nor_o into_o other_o river_n but_o rise_v in_o the_o earth_n seem_v to_o be_v absorb_v by_o the_o earth_n these_o river_n be_v very_o small_a also_o few_o as_o also_o those_o that_o flow_v from_o the_o mountainous_a place_n of_o peru_n india_n and_o africa_n be_v swallow_v up_o either_o within_o the_o sandy_a soil_n or_o be_v abscond_v in_o the_o earth_n so_o at_o meten_v a_o village_n in_o arabia_n near_o the_o gulf_n be_v find_v a_o river_n with_o a_o glorious_a channel_n under_o these_o reed_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n the_o stream_n hide_v themselves_o with_o such_o a_o silent_a course_n that_o there_o appear_v nothing_o of_o humidity_n on_o the_o top_n but_o if_o that_o no_o way_n be_v admit_v to_o these_o riveret_n under_o the_o earth_n they_o make_v marsh_n and_o small_a lake_n notwithstanding_o some_o run_n with_o so_o slow_a a_o stream_n that_o almost_o so_o much_o be_v separate_v by_o exhalation_n as_o they_o receive_v by_o the_o stream_n and_o so_o be_v stay_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o neither_o make_v lake_n nor_o be_v absorb_v as_o the_o riveret_n conitra_fw-mi salle_n marefsa_n jeleesa_fw-mi and_o other_o in_o moscovia_n proposition_n viii_o whether_o the_o passage_n or_o channel_n through_o which_o the_o river_n run_v be_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n or_o by_o nature_n rivers_n of_o the_o channel_n of_o rivers_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o channel_n of_o those_o river_n which_o be_v not_o generate_v with_o the_o earth_n be_v make_v by_o hand_n on_o those_o very_a account_n 1._o because_o that_o experience_n testify_v that_o when_o new_a fountain_n do_v flow_v the_o water_n so_o flow_v out_o make_v not_o a_o certain_a channel_n to_o itself_o but_o do_v dilate_v itself_o through_o the_o adjacent_a land_n and_o therefore_o if_o that_o it_o must_v flow_v there_o be_v need_n of_o the_o help_n of_o man_n to_o hollow_a a_o channel_n 2._o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o man_n have_v make_v many_o channel_n so_o the_o chineses_n make_v a_o channel_n by_o which_o water_n rune_v from_o the_o yellow_a river_n into_o another_o river_n 3._o because_o lake_n and_o marsh_n do_v confirm_v the_o same_o such_o as_o be_v find_v about_o the_o fountain_n of_o many_o river_n that_o be_v on_o a_o plain_a such_o as_o be_v those_o lake_n or_o marsh_n from_o which_o the_o nile_n tanais_n wolga_n and_o other_o do_v flow_v which_o lake_n we_o doubt_v not_o but_o to_o be_v generate_v and_o conserve_v from_o the_o effusion_n of_o water_n make_v round_o about_o by_o the_o fountain_n and_o therefore_o man_n make_v a_o certain_a channel_n to_o defend_v their_o field_n from_o such_o a_o water_n into_o which_o channel_n the_o water_n may_v fall_v and_o drain_v the_o land_n the_o same_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o river_n who_o spring_n be_v on_o the_o mountain_n of_o affinity_n to_o this_o proposition_n be_v this_o other_o viz._n whether_o that_o river_n which_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o other_o or_o meet_v together_o make_v that_o passage_n by_o their_o motion_n or_o whether_o they_o be_v bring_v into_o they_o by_o man_n which_o make_v a_o channel_n the_o latter_a seem_v more_o probable_a for_o the_o reason_n before_o allege_a the_o same_o must_v be_v observe_v concern_v the_o branch_n of_o river_n and_o circumduction_n by_o which_o island_n be_v make_v in_o the_o tanais_n wolga_n etc._n etc._n rivers_n of_o isle_n make_v in_o rivers_n so_o one_o arm_n of_o the_o euphrates_n former_o pass_v through_o the_o ghaldean_a marsh_n be_v let_v out_o into_o the_o sea_n afterward_o it_o leave_v its_o course_n many_o aqueduct_n and_o channel_n be_v make_v by_o the_o native_n to_o water_n their_o ground_n neither_o do_v it_o arrive_v to_o the_o sea_n its_o mouth_n be_v obstruct_v and_o its_o water_n be_v partly_o take_v up_o in_o the_o aqueduct_n that_o be_v make_v and_o partly_o avert_v into_o the_o other_o arm_n which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o tigris_n and_o so_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o case_n of_o other_o river_n which_o we_o now_o see_v do_v not_o go_v forward_o into_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o stagnate_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o time_n past_a they_o do_v exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n proposition_n ix_o why_o no_o salt_n rivers_n be_v find_v see_v that_o salt-spring_n be_v find_v in_o many_o place_n find_v the_o reason_n why_o no_o salt_n river_n be_v find_v the_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o man_n have_v no_o need_n of_o salt-water_n and_o therefore_o make_v no_o channel_n by_o which_o the_o water_n of_o the_o salt_n fountain_n may_v flow_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o can_v have_v salt_n at_o a_o easy_a rate_n but_o if_o that_o a_o fit_a channel_n be_v prepare_v from_o those_o salt_n spring_n we_o shall_v have_v salt_n rivers_n such_o as_o be_v in_o lunenburgh_n and_o other_o place_n under_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v we_o question_v but_o that_o many_o river_n of_o salt-water_n do_v flow_v from_o their_o fountain_n under_o the_o earth_n proposition_n x._o the_o channel_n of_o river_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o near_o their_o fountain_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o high_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o near_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n and_o the_o sea_n by_o so_o much_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v the_o more_o depress_v rivers_n furthermore_o of_o channel_n of_o rivers_n but_o in_o some_o channel_n some_o part_n more_o remove_v from_o the_o spring_n be_v high_o than_o that_o part_n more_o near_o to_o the_o fountain_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o valley_n as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v in_o their_o channel_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o whirlpool_n yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v high_a than_o the_o fountain_n water_n the_o flow_v of_o water_n the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a because_o that_o water_n flow_v not_o but_o from_o a_o place_n more_o high_a to_o a_o place_n more_o low_a and_o so_o every_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n especial_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v low_a than_o the_o spring_n for_o otherwise_o it_o will_v flow_v back_o again_o to_o the_o fountain_n now_o that_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o channel_n do_v decrease_v even_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n that_o at_o least_o be_v true_a concern_v many_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n for_o because_o here_o
and_o there_o be_v find_v whirlpool_n in_o a_o river_n place_n more_o depress_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a ridge_n and_o little_a hill_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n although_o more_o remove_v from_o the_o spring_n be_v high_a than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n which_o be_v more_o nigh_o the_o fountain_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o this_o to_o that_o because_o that_o quantity_n of_o water_n flow_v into_o the_o place_n depress_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o it_o become_v high_a than_o the_o little_a hillock_n or_o ridge_n or_o the_o vicine_fw-la patt_n which_o be_v more_o elevate_v lie_v towards_o the_o mouth_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o river_n to_o be_v find_v who_o channel_n have_v not_o these_o inequality_n especial_o in_o the_o nile_n and_o wolga_n these_o ridge_n do_v abound_v what_o a_o cataract_n what_o and_o where_o the_o water_n fall_v from_o a_o high_a place_n to_o a_o more_o depress_a part_n of_o the_o channel_n if_o the_o depression_n be_v great_a the_o place_n be_v term_v the_o cataract_n of_o the_o river_n where_o the_o river_n rune_v downward_o with_o a_o great_a violence_n such_o cataract_n great_a river_n have_v especial_o the_o nile_n for_o the_o nile_n in_o two_o place_n of_o his_o channel_n fall_v down_o between_o the_o mountain_n with_o that_o noise_n and_o rapidness_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v report_v to_o be_v deafen_a by_o the_o same_o wolgda_n also_o a_o small_a river_n in_o moscovia_n not_o wolga_n have_v two_o cataract_n near_o ladoga_n so_o the_o zaire_n a_o river_n in_o congo_n six_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n have_v a_o cataract_n where_o it_o fall_v from_o a_o mountain_n also_o the_o rhine_n at_o belefilda_n and_o scaffusia_n fall_v with_o a_o great_a noise_n but_o drainer_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v depress_v one_o pass_n in_o 200_o pace_n it_o will_v hardly_o be_v navigable_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o celerity_n see_v therefore_o that_o all_o great_a river_n be_v navigable_a we_o infer_v that_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v no_o great_a than_o one_o pass_n or_o mile_n in_o 200_o but_o particular_a cataract_n and_o whirlpool_n be_v except_v now_o this_o depression_n of_o one_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n beneath_o the_o other_o part_n be_v term_v libramentum_fw-la and_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n beneath_o the_o place_n of_o the_o fountain_n be_v term_v the_o libramentum_fw-la of_o the_o river_n proposition_n xi_o why_o river_n have_v or_o acquire_v a_o great_a latitude_n in_o one_o part_n of_o they_o than_o in_o the_o other_o rivers_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o rivers_n the_o cause_n be_v fourfold_a 1._o if_o that_o the_o bank_n or_o shore_n be_v more_o low_a in_o this_o part_n than_o in_o that_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o shore_n be_v less_o hard_a and_o coherent_a as_o not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o resist_v the_o violent_a access_n of_o the_o river_n which_o sometime_o proceed_v from_o the_o wind_n or_o plenty_n of_o water_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o channel_n on_o that_o part_n be_v less_o profound_a or_o hallow_v or_o have_v ridge_n and_o 4._o if_o that_o it_o flow_v from_o any_o cataract_n into_o that_o part_n proposition_n xii_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n become_v more_o or_o less_o depress_v sometime_o in_o this_o and_o sometime_o in_o that_o part_n they_o become_v less_o depress_v or_o elevate_v and_o not_o so_o hollow_a 1._o if_o that_o ridge_n be_v generate_v 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n become_v more_o broad_a on_o that_o part_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o flux_n become_v less_o swift_a the_o depression_n or_o cavity_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v augment_v if_o that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o river_n be_v more_o vehement_a and_o swift_a especial_o from_o some_o cataract_n or_o between_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o shore_n more_o especial_o if_o that_o the_o whole_a bottom_n consist_v of_o earth_n less_o coherent_a proposition_n xiii_o why_o some_o river_n run_v with_o a_o more_o swift_a current_n and_o other_o with_o a_o more_o slow_a and_o why_o one_o and_o the_o same_o river_n be_v carry_v with_o a_o swift_a current_n in_o one_o place_n and_o with_o a_o slow_a in_o another_o which_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o rhine_n in_o many_o place_n rivers_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o rivers_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o spring_n 2._o the_o depression_n in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n or_o bottom_n especial_o in_o the_o mouth_n for_o if_o that_o the_o bottom_n be_v depress_v one_o mile_n in_o two_o hundred_o drainer_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o water_n be_v so_o swift_o move_v that_o there_o be_v great_a danger_n in_o sail_v for_o where_o there_o be_v cataract_n there_o the_o river_n rush_v with_o a_o mighty_a violence_n and_o therefore_o torrent_n be_v carry_v so_o furious_o because_o that_o they_o flow_v from_o mountain_n 3._o the_o straightness_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o profundity_n join_v with_o a_o abundant_a quantity_n of_o water_n as_o when_o river_n pass_v between_o two_o mountain_n or_o procurrent_a land_n river_n famous_a for_o their_o swift_a course_n be_v the_o tigris_n indus_n danube_n yrtiis_fw-la malmistra_fw-la that_o flow_v with_o so_o great_a a_o noise_n that_o it_o may_v be_v hear_v a_o great_a distance_n off_o proposition_n fourteen_o the_o mouth_n of_o river_n may_v be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o easy_o obstruct_v by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o more_o broad_a and_o by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o deep_a or_o less_o depress_v and_o by_o how_o much_o there_o be_v less_o quantity_n of_o water_n and_o the_o flux_n be_v less_o swift_a and_o vehement_a for_o these_o cause_n make_v the_o river_n to_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o lesser_a violence_n neither_o do_v it_o thrust_v forth_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o be_v collect_v in_o its_o mouth_n but_o rather_o suffer_v it_o to_o sink_v proposition_n xv._o very_o few_o river_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o direct_a course_n from_o the_o spring_n to_o the_o outlet_a many_o seek_v divers_a quarter_n in_o their_o flux_n and_o some_o flow_n with_o many_o wind_n spring_n the_o course_n of_o river_n from_o the_o spring_n the_o cause_n seem_v partly_o to_o be_v the_o industry_n of_o man_n partly_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n partly_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o ridge_n or_o bank_n in_o its_o direct_a course_n wind_v river_n be_v 1._o rio_n de_fw-fr orellana_n in_o brazilia_n make_v innumerable_a wind_n so_o that_o its_o passage_n or_o channel_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v above_o 1500_o mile_n when_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n from_o the_o spring_n of_o it_o to_o the_o mouth_n be_v only_o 700_o mile_n 2._o the_o river_n de_fw-fr madres_n in_o anatolia_n which_o have_v 600_o wind_a 3._o the_o river_n toera_n arise_v in_o siberica_n flow_v with_o so_o many_o curvature_n or_o wind_n and_o the_o russian_n and_o siberian_o when_o they_o sail_v in_o it_o carry_v the_o boat_n or_o small_a vessel_n and_o its_o lade_n by_o land_n from_o one_o wind_v to_o another_o to_o avoid_v great_a expense_n proposition_n xvi_o whether_o the_o lake_n through_o which_o some_o river_n do_v seem_v to_o pass_v or_o to_o enter_v into_o and_o to_o go_v out_o from_o be_v cause_v by_o river_n or_o whether_o they_o have_v their_o peculiar_a spring_n and_o augment_v the_o water_n of_o rivers_n also_o whether_o that_o a_o river_n flow_v from_o a_o lake_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o flow_v in_o lake_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o lake_n all_o river_n have_v not_o such_o lake_n but_o some_o only_o nubia_n a_o river_n of_o africa_n have_v five_o the_o river_n niger_n four_z rhodanus_n the_o lake_n lemanus_n etc._n etc._n concern_v those_o lake_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n viz._n that_o a_o river_n go_v forth_o must_v be_v compare_v with_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o if_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v great_a than_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o there_o will_v be_v peculiar_a spring_n in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o lake_n which_o cause_v that_o river_n but_o if_o that_o a_o lesser_a or_o at_o least_o not_o great_a go_v forth_o this_o lake_n be_v make_v and_o conserve_v by_o the_o river_n enter_v in_o and_o the_o cause_n or_o original_n of_o its_o generation_n be_v the_o latitude_n and_o cavity_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o a_o lake_n may_v be_v make_v from_o any_o river_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n although_o the_o river_n go_v forth_o be_v situate_v almost_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n with_o the_o river_n enter_v in_o yet_o those_o two_o river_n shall_v be_v account_v one_o river_n or_o the_o part_n of_o one_o river_n viz._n when_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v
great_a than_o that_o which_o enter_v in_o for_o if_o it_o be_v lesser_a or_o no_o great_a i_o think_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o question_v whether_o that_o which_o go_v forth_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o which_o come_v in_o other_o note_n or_o sign_n be_v in_o some_o as_o the_o rhodanus_n enter_v the_o lake_n lemanus_n and_o again_o go_v forth_o and_o yet_o cause_v not_o that_o lake_n which_o be_v discover_v beside_o other_o token_n from_o the_o colour_n which_o this_o river_n bear_v contrary_a to_o the_o lake_n neither_o do_v the_o rhine_n cause_n any_o lake_n but_o be_v produce_v and_o conserve_v from_o water_n bubble_v under_o the_o earth_n yet_o i_o do_v not_o propose_v these_o as_o undoubted_a proposition_n xvii_o most_o river_n be_v by_o so_o much_o the_o broad_a by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v near_o to_o their_o mouth_n or_o remove_v from_o their_o spring_n and_o great_a be_v their_o latitude_n in_o their_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n spring_n the_o mouth_n of_o river_n broad_a than_o at_o their_o spring_n the_o cause_n be_v 1._o because_o other_o river_n enter_v into_o that_o which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o so_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v augment_v 2._o because_o the_o channel_n be_v less_o depress_v in_o the_o part_n near_o the_o mouth_n 3._o because_o that_o the_o water_n be_v force_v back_o by_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o mouth_n to_o the_o fountain_n which_o violence_n be_v only_o discover_v in_o the_o part_n near_o to_o the_o mouth_n not_o in_o those_o remote_a and_o near_o the_o fountain_n 4._o the_o sea_n itself_o when_o such_o a_o wind_n blow_v enter_v the_o mouth_n and_o render_v it_o more_o large_a and_o broad_a by_o vehement_a agitation_n and_o by_o so_o much_o the_o outlet_n be_v large_a and_o broad_a in_o great_a river_n by_o how_o much_o they_o be_v the_o few_o great_a be_v the_o mouth_n or_o outlet_n of_o the_o river_n maragnon_n in_o brazilia_n of_o st._n laurence_n in_o canada_n of_o the_o zaire_n in_o africa_n of_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plate_n in_o brazilia_n for_o this_o river_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o a_o outlet_a of_o 40_o mile_n as_o some_o have_v observe_v or_o as_o other_o of_o 20_o mile_n only_o and_o i_o suppose_v those_o that_o write_v of_o 40_o mile_n comprehend_v the_o other_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n together_o those_o who_o have_v be_v in_o congo_n relate_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zaire_n be_v 28_o mile_n and_o these_o river_n send_v forth_o such_o a_o large_a quantity_n of_o water_n overcome_v and_o obscure_v both_o the_o salt_n taste_v of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o shore_n and_o that_o unto_o 10_o or_o 12_o mile_n in_o the_o sea_n proposition_n xviii_o the_o water_n of_o rivers_n carry_v with_o it_o many_o particle_n of_o various_a metal_n mineral_n sand_n of_o oily_a or_o fat_a body_n they_o river_n in_o their_o course_n carry_v various_a thing_n with_o they_o some_o river_n carry_v gold_n that_o be_v sand_n mix_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o gold_n and_o such_o be_v 1._o some_o in_o japan_n 2._o in_o the_o island_n of_o lequeo_fw-la not_o far_o from_o japan_n 3._o a_o riveret_n call_v arroe_n in_o africa_n which_o spring_v in_o monomotapa_n from_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o which_o mountain_n there_o be_v golden_a mine_n and_o it_o flow_v into_o magnice_n a_o river_n in_o soffalae_n 4._o in_o guiney_n where_o the_o negro_n separate_v these_o grain_n from_o the_o sand_n and_o sell_v it_o or_o exchange_v it_o with_o the_o european_n for_o toy_n or_o slight_a commodity_n 5._o in_o the_o riveret_n about_o mexico_n grain_n of_o gold_n be_v also_o gather_v up_o especial_o after_o shower_n of_o rain_n which_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o all_o these_o riveret_n for_o except_v in_o the_o time_n of_o shower_n scarce_o any_o or_o very_o little_a be_v find_v 6._o in_o peru._n 7._o in_o sumatra_n 8._o in_o cuba_n 9_o in_o hispaniola_n and_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n 10._o in_o guiana_n a_o province_n in_o america_n 11._o in_o the_o river_n of_o caribana_n great_a grain_n be_v find_v after_o shower_n 12._o many_o riveret_n and_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o the_o region_n about_o the_o alps_n in_o germany_n especial_o in_o the_o province_n of_o tirol_n from_o the_o water_n of_o which_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v extract_v although_o nothing_o of_o grain_n be_v conspicuous_a in_o they_o because_o they_o carry_v very_o small_a particle_n or_o atom_n the_o rhine_n also_o carry_v golden_a clay_n in_o many_o place_n as_o also_o the_o abbis_n in_o time_n past_o the_o river_n tagus_n be_v famous_a for_o roll_a down_o sand-gold_n but_o at_o this_o day_n no_o such_o be_v find_v in_o it_o neither_o do_v i_o remember_v that_o any_o river_n in_o europe_n be_v celebrate_v for_o such_o riches_n also_o in_o hassia_n at_o this_o time_n a_o small_a river_n be_v report_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o sand_n of_o which_o be_v grain_n of_o gold_n but_o i_o have_v read_v no_o author_n worthy_a of_o credit_n concern_v it_o no_o silver_n rivers_n or_o riveret_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o writer_n yet_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o there_o as_o many_o or_o more_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n but_o because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o discover_v from_o the_o sand_n and_o no_o great_a gain_n can_v be_v obtain_v therefore_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o the_o same_o be_v also_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o meet_v with_o no_o mention_n of_o those_o riveret_n that_o carry_v grain_n of_o iron_n copper_n tin_n except_o of_o very_a few_o of_o which_o questionless_a there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n the_o admirable_a effect_n of_o which_o be_v discover_v man_n admire_v and_o be_v amaze_v and_o vulgar_a philosopher_n fly_v to_o a_o occult_a quality_n let_v we_o only_o cast_v a_o eye_n on_o that_o river_n in_o upper_a germany_n germany_n a_o strange_a river_n in_o germany_n which_o change_v iron_n into_o copper_n as_o the_o vulgar_a think_v so_o that_o if_o you_o hang_v a_o iron_n shoe_n in_o it_o you_o will_v draw_v it_o out_o copper_n but_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o change_v into_o copper_n as_o be_v vulgar_o suppose_v but_o the_o grain_n and_o particle_n of_o copper_n and_o vitriol_n that_o be_v in_o this_o river_n corrode_v the_o iron_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v remove_v those_o of_o the_o copper_n succeed_v in_o their_o place_n this_o the_o modern_a physician_n that_o be_v skilful_a in_o chemistry_n have_v learn_v by_o another_o experiment_n much_o less_o be_v the_o riveret_n that_o be_v impregnate_v with_o many_o particle_n of_o kind_n of_o earth_n and_o salt_n observe_v but_o we_o shall_v explain_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n the_o mineral_n and_o metallick_n spring_v from_o this_o admixture_n of_o various_a particle_n proceed_v the_o great_a diversity_n of_o water_n in_o river_n and_o wells_n the_o water_n of_o some_o if_o that_o you_o use_v it_o to_o boil_v meat_n make_v it_o black_a which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o it_o be_v impregnate_v with_o iron_n neither_o be_v pease_n so_o easy_o soften_v as_o when_o they_o be_v boil_a in_o other_o water_n which_o be_v somewhat_o more_o fat_a of_o divers_a water_n the_o same_o or_o like_a beer_n can_v be_v make_v now_o the_o albis_n be_v of_o the_o number_n of_o these_o fat_a one_o as_o i_o may_v so_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o variety_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v from_o the_o variety_n of_o the_o land_n through_o which_o the_o river_n rune_v which_o be_v either_o stony_a gravelly_a or_o metallic_v and_o experience_n testify_v that_o river_n who_o water_n be_v fat_a do_v run_v through_o clayie_a land_n so_o all_o the_o place_n that_o adjoyn_v to_o the_o albis_n be_v fruitful_a proposition_n xix_o the_o water_n of_o most_o river_n differ_v in_o colour_n gravity_n and_o other_o quality_n quality_n the_o water_n of_o most_o river_n be_v of_o different_a quality_n for_o some_o water_n be_v black_a some_o incline_n to_o black_a some_o incline_n to_o red_a some_z to_z white_z and_o this_o diversity_n of_o they_o be_v chief_o note_v when_o that_o two_o river_n do_v meet_v for_o we_o may_v discover_v for_o many_o mile_n those_o water_n where_o now_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n from_o whence_o also_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o differ_v in_o gravity_n when_o that_o one_o rather_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o channel_n than_o the_o other_o although_o this_o be_v make_v more_o manifest_a by_o the_o examination_n by_o weight_n the_o water_n of_o the_o ganges_n be_v account_v the_o most_o wholesome_a and_o the_o most_o light_a and_o
participation_n of_o mineral_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v to_o vitriol_n sulphureous_a and_o mercurial_a water_n and_o the_o like_a and_o more_o especial_o to_o these_o to_o wit_n to_o salt_n vitriolate_v and_o sulphureous_a because_o in_o these_o nature_n itself_o do_v exhibit_v this_o fourfold_a variety_n i_o doubt_v whether_o that_o corporeal_a water_n of_o a_o mix_a subtlety_n do_v exist_v spirituous_a metallick_n water_n be_v very_o rare_a but_o sulphureous_a and_o salt_n water_n be_v frequent_a but_o the_o corporeal_a and_o spirituous_a because_o these_o sort_n of_o metal_n be_v both_o find_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o in_o a_o great_a quantity_n and_o easy_o suffer_v their_o particle_n to_o be_v gnaw_v off_o they_o send_v out_o also_o frequent_o a_o fume_n and_o vapour_n we_o will_v explain_v by_o one_o example_n this_o fourfold_a variety_n of_o participation_n and_o that_o in_o gold_n 1._o in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n and_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n we_o have_v enumerate_v those_o riveret_n which_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n and_o with_o this_o treasury_n make_v glad_a the_o native_n such_o be_v many_o in_o the_o earldom_n of_o tirol_n and_o the_o place_n adjacent_a and_o we_o have_v say_v that_o the_o rhine_n itself_o albis_n danube_n and_o most_o great_a river_n in_o some_o place_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n as_o also_o of_o other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o receive_v golden_a or_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n the_o rhine_n carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n commix_v with_o clay_n and_o sand_n in_o many_o place_n but_o especial_o at_o these_o 1._o near_a curia_n in_o rhetia_n 2._o at_o meinfield_n 3._o at_o eglinsan_n 4._o at._n secningham_n 5._o at_o the_o town_n aug_v not_o far_o from_o basil_n 6._o at_o norinburgh_n 7._o at_o worm_n 8._o at_o seltz_n 9_o at_o mentz_n 10._o at_o bacherack_n 11._o at_o bononia_n and_o the_o like_a the_o reader_n may_v see_v those_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n which_o the_o rhine_n receive_v in_o thurnhuserus_n as_o also_o those_o that_o the_o danube_n and_o albis_n do_v receive_v in_o the_o water_n of_o this_o viz._n the_o albis_n be_v find_v grain_n of_o gold_n 1._o at_o leutmeritz_n in_o bohemia_n 2._o at_o puru_n 3._o at_o dresda_n in_o misnia_n 4._o at_o torga_n 5._o at_o magdeburgh_n 6._o at_o the_o tower_n of_o lunenburgh_n fifteen_o mile_n from_o hamburgh_n concern_v the_o gold-bearing_a riveret_n consult_v the_o forecited_a book_n of_o thurnhuserus_n where_o also_o you_o may_v see_v those_o that_o carry_v other_o metal_n and_o mineral_n these_o water_n be_v therefore_o the_o corporeal_a golden-water_n of_o the_o first_o mode_n viz._n those_o that_o carry_v grain_n of_o gold_n which_o less_o proper_o be_v term_v mineral_n or_o golden_a because_o the_o golden-grain_n be_v not_o permix_v with_o the_o water_n but_o be_v carry_v down_o by_o the_o rapid_a current_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o water_n themselves_o be_v simple_a or_o uncompounded_a 2._o golden_a corporeal-water_n of_o a_o subtle_a commixtion_n to_o wit_n the_o atom_n of_o who_o water_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o atom_n of_o the_o gold_n as_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o aqua_fw-la regius_fw-la of_o the_o chemist_n which_o dissolve_v the_o gold_n and_o unit_v it_o to_o itself_o by_o atom_n and_o now_o because_o there_o may_v be_v like_o water_n which_o whether_o they_o be_v carry_v through_o golden-land_n or_o mine_n may_v gnaw_v off_o and_o dissolve_v some_o golden-atom_n of_o it_o with_o earthly_a one_o such_o golden-water_n many_o riveret_n seem_v to_o be_v which_o thurnhuserus_n write_v to_o participate_v of_o gold_n and_o reckon_v they_o up_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o danube_n rhine_n and_o other_o great_a river_n 3._o the_o golden_a spirituous-water_n be_v very_o few_o and_o some_o of_o those_o be_v they_o peradventure_o which_o thurnhuserus_n enumerate_v now_o such_o water_n be_v less_o note_v or_o sensible_a because_o golden-earth_n and_o mine_n be_v very_o rare_a and_o that_o in_o a_o small_a quantity_n moreover_o where_o the_o mine_n be_v a_o quantity_n of_o other_o mineral_n be_v also_o together_o with_o the_o gold_n whence_o the_o water_n receive_v many_o more_o spirit_n yet_o some_o riveret_n in_o the_o high_a alps_n of_o bohemia_n be_v say_v to_o participate_v of_o these_o golden-spirit_n also_o in_o silesia_n and_o the_o mountain_n that_o they_o call_v fitchtelberg_n the_o pepper-bath_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o curia_n be_v believe_v to_o be_v impregnate_v with_o such_o a_o spirit_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o admixture_n of_o other_o mineral_n in_o great_a quantity_n the_o water_n receive_v a_o less_o sensible_a quality_n from_o it_o 4._o golden-water_n which_o carry_v both_o atom_n of_o gold_n and_o spirit_n be_v some_o of_o the_o riveret_n mention_v by_o thurnhuserus_n we_o will_v add_v the_o example_n of_o salt-water_n salt-water_n example_n of_o salt-water_n 1._o salt_n corporeal-water_n viz._n which_o carry_v the_o more_o gross_a particle_n of_o salt_n and_o not_o accurate_o mix_v they_o be_v many_o and_o sufficient_o know_v to_o any_o person_n as_o certain_a spring_n of_o which_o salt_n be_v make_v hitherto_o appertain_v the_o sea-water_n if_o that_o it_o be_v make_v more_o gross_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n 2._o salt_n corporeal_a subtile-water_n which_o contain_v the_o salt_n reduce_v into_o little_a particle_n they_o be_v those_o which_o when_o they_o be_v most_o salt_n yet_o withal_o they_o be_v very_o pellucid_a and_o subtle_a as_o many_o salt_n spring_n and_o tenuous_a sea-water_n although_o that_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o this_o subtle_a commixtion_n hitherto_o appertain_v the_o urinal_n of_o all_o animal_n 3._o salt_n spirituous-water_n which_o contain_v not_o the_o particle_n of_o salt_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o salt_n they_o be_v such_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v boil_v many_o vessel_n of_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o you_o shall_v receive_v no_o salt_n not_o a_o few_o of_o these_o be_v in_o germany_n and_o elsewhere_o but_o they_o be_v rare_o find_v simple_a 4._o salt_n corporeal_a and_o spirituous-water_n which_o have_v particle_n of_o salt_n and_o spirit_n almost_o all_o the_o corporeal_a have_v also_o some_o portion_n of_o saline_n spirit_n but_o most_o of_o they_o very_o little_a so_o near_o the_o city_n saltzinga_n not_o far_o from_o the_o rhine_n the_o fountain_n be_v salt_n the_o water_n of_o which_o though_o more_o salt_n than_o other_o water_n yet_o it_o afford_v less_o salt_n because_o its_o sharp_a and_o salt_n sapour_fw-la be_v sharpen_v by_o a_o spirit_n or_o volatile_a salt_n that_o fly_v away_o in_o the_o boil_a hence_o it_o be_v manifest_v how_o this_o fourfold_a difference_n of_o participation_n be_v to_o be_v apply_v unto_o every_o sort_n of_o mineral_n water_n viz._n vitriolate-water_n alom-water_n lead-water_n and_o the_o like_a proposition_n v._o to_o reckon_v up_o the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n water_n the_o note_a difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n in_o the_o forego_n proposition_n we_o have_v explain_v the_o true_a kind_n and_o difference_n of_o mineral_n water_n take_v from_o the_o very_a essence_n of_o they_o viz._n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o mineral_n which_o they_o carry_v or_o by_o which_o they_o be_v impregnate_v but_o those_o difference_n because_o they_o do_v not_o so_o strike_v the_o sense_n and_o moreover_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o various_a mixture_n of_o mineral_n communicate_v various_a property_n to_o the_o water_n wherefore_o they_o be_v less_o vulgar_o know_v for_o the_o denomination_n of_o all_o body_n arise_v from_o manifest_a quality_n on_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o do_v the_o celebrity_n of_o water_n among_o man_n the_o explication_n and_o cause_n of_o which_o apart_a quality_n and_o property_n must_v be_v seek_v from_o the_o inmost_a composition_n of_o thing_n therefore_o the_o note_a and_o famous_a difference_n or_o species_n of_o liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o also_o know_v to_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n be_v these_o ten_o to_o wit_n 1._o sowr-water_n 2._o bitter_a 3._o hot_a 4._o very_a cold_a 5._o oily_a and_o fat_a 6._o poisonous_a 7._o colour_a 8._o ebullient_a 9_o water_n that_o convert_v less_o hard_a into_o hard_a or_o after_o any_o other_o mode_n change_v any_o body_n cast_v in_o or_o stain_v with_o they_o 10._o salt-water_n and_o in_o the_o 11_o place_n we_o may_v add_v those_o which_o be_v endow_v with_o any_o other_o wonderful_a property_n unto_o these_o class_n those_o that_o be_v studious_a in_o these_o thing_n may_v reduce_v all_o water_n which_o be_v find_v describe_v in_o author_n we_o shall_v only_o in_o brief_a show_v their_o generation_n and_o difference_n and_o allege_v some_o example_n proposition_n vi_o to_o explain_v the_o cause_n or_o generation_n difference_n or_o kind_n of_o acid_n or_o sour_a water_n water_n of_o sour_a water_n great_a be_v the_o celebrity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spring_n they_o
common_o call_v they_o spaw_n 1._o they_o arise_v from_o the_o admixture_n of_o a_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n which_o mineral_n be_v partly_o simple_a and_o partly_o more_o or_o less_o admix_v with_o other_o mineral_n be_v find_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o earth_n especial_o in_o iron_n we_o prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o acidula_n and_o spaw_v 1._o by_o reason_n that_o almost_o every_o where_o where_o such_o acid_n water_n break_v out_o mine_n of_o vitriol_n salt_n and_o alom_n be_v find_v 2._o because_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n be_v acid_n as_o also_o some_o spirit_n of_o sulphur_n as_o be_v evident_a from_o chemistry_n 3._o because_o that_o from_o these_o kind_n of_o acid_n water_n no_o acid_n body_n but_o spirit_n be_v separate_v which_o be_v altogether_o like_a unto_o the_o spirit_n of_o vitriol_n and_o salt_n 2._o great_a be_v the_o quantity_n of_o acid_n water_n or_o spaw_n in_o divers_a region_n where_o mine_n especial_o abound_v the_o cause_n be_v because_o that_o a_o acid_n sour_a spirit_n be_v almost_o in_o all_o body_n by_o reason_n that_o we_o have_v show_v that_o it_o be_v elementary_a in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n and_o first_o proposition_n it_o be_v find_v in_o all_o herb_n and_o fruit_n spaw_n the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n 3._o the_o difference_n of_o spaw_n be_v find_v to_o be_v notable_a some_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o sharp_a or_o sour_a that_o man_n make_v use_v of_o they_o instead_o of_o vinegar_n such_o a_o spring_n be_v find_v in_o nicana_n a_o province_n of_o sicilia_n in_o germany_n the_o fountain_n at_o elleboga_n be_v of_o a_o wonderful_a acidity_n other_o acid_n spring_n be_v term_v winy_a because_o that_o by_o their_o sharpness_n they_o come_v near_o the_o grateful_a taste_n of_o wine_n among_o which_o that_o be_v famous_a which_o be_v in_o the_o earldom_n of_o catzenellebocen_n in_o germany_n at_o the_o town_n schwalbach_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lion_n in_o france_n at_o the_o town_n of_o st._n baldomare_a be_v a_o fountain_n term_v fontaine_n fort_n that_o be_v the_o strong_a fountain_n it_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o wine_n and_o if_o that_o one_o four_o part_n of_o it_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n it_o will_v want_v nothing_o of_o the_o taste_n of_o wine_n if_o it_o be_v pour_v on_o flour_n it_o will_v present_o ferment_n they_o can_v boil_v no_o meat_n in_o it_o for_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o subtlety_n it_o fly_v away_o it_o be_v very_o wholesome_a so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n seldom_o use_v a_o physician_n in_o aquitaine_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n bessa_n be_v the_o like_a winy_a sharp_a spring_n unto_o the_o water_n of_o which_o if_o that_o you_o only_o admix_v the_o six_o part_n of_o wine_n you_o will_v imagine_v that_o you_o drink_v pure_a wine_n without_o any_o admixture_n of_o water_n nigh_o to_o rome_n be_v a_o alomy_a sharp_a fountain_n which_o be_v mix_v with_o wine_n make_v a_o very_a grateful_a drink_n great_a be_v the_o number_n of_o acid_n spring_v in_o the_o upper_a germany_n whereof_o some_o flow_n into_o the_o danube_n and_o other_o into_o the_o rhine_n very_o many_o be_v in_o the_o forementioned_a earldom_n of_o catzenelleboch_n in_o the_o province_n of_o trier_n in_o tirolis_n rhaetia_n vindelicia_n a_o note_v one_fw-mi be_v near_a anderna_n call_v heilbrun_n in_o the_o province_n of_o toledo_n in_o spain_n near_o the_o village_n valentiola_n be_v spring_n which_o at_o the_o bottom_n be_v find_v acid_n and_o of_o a_o winy_a taste_n and_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n sweet_a which_o baccius_n think_v to_o happen_v because_o that_o the_o nitrous_a and_o acid_n part_n do_v subside_o and_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n but_o i_o suppose_v if_o that_o the_o relation_n be_v true_a that_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o superficies_n present_o do_v expire_v other_o acid_n fountain_n be_v astringent_a and_o contract_v the_o palate_n which_o be_v a_o token_n of_o iron_n particle_n or_o of_o the_o admixture_n of_o vitriol_n as_o also_o of_o alom_n the_o water_n of_o acid_n fountain_n in_o rainy_n and_o cloudy_a weather_n be_v find_v less_o acid_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o admixture_n of_o condensated_a air._n also_o if_o that_o the_o water_n be_v expose_v to_o heat_n or_o if_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o open_a vessel_n for_o some_o hour_n or_o if_o it_o be_v carry_v a_o long_a voyage_n not_o well_o cover_v in_o cold_a vessel_n it_o present_o lose_v its_o acidity_n which_o be_v a_o sign_n that_o the_o acidity_n of_o they_o depend_v on_o a_o subtle_a spirit_n yet_o they_o also_o have_v atom_n and_o the_o very_a vitriol_n alom_n iron_n salt_n gravel_n and_o the_o like_a this_o be_v prove_v from_o the_o matter_n that_o be_v discover_v to_o adhere_v to_o the_o conduit-pipe_n the_o studious_a may_v collect_v example_n by_o read_v of_o author_n at_o least_o two_o hundred_o acid_n spring_n or_o riveret_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtlety_n of_o the_o spirit_n nothing_o of_o acidity_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o rhine_n do_v you_o demand_v why_o there_o be_v no_o acid_n fountain_n in_o the_o northern_a place_n i_o suppose_v that_o cause_n to_o be_v the_o defect_n of_o subterraneous_a heat_n and_o a_o over_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o for_o that_o cause_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o little_a or_o no_o gold_n be_v find_v in_o those_o region_n proposition_n viii_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n term_v bath_n and_o the_o place_n of_o the_o more_o famous_a of_o they_o bath_n of_o the_o generation_n of_o hot_a spring_n or_o bath_n a_o spring_n in_o izland_n be_v judge_v the_o most_o fervid_v of_o they_o all_o who_o water_n little_o differ_v from_o that_o which_o have_v arrive_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o heat_n and_o boil_a on_o the_o fire_n but_o caronius_n write_v that_o in_o japan_n there_o be_v a_o spring_n so_o hot_a that_o no_o water_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o that_o degree_n of_o heat_n by_o the_o most_o vehement_a fire_n it_o flow_v not_o continual_o but_o twice_o in_o a_o day_n for_o one_o hour_n with_o a_o great_a force_n of_o spirit_n and_o make_v a_o great_a pool_n which_o another_o have_v inform_v i_o to_o be_v call_v by_o the_o native_n singacko_n that_o be_v hell_n after_o those_o the_o hot_a fountain_n or_o bath_n of_o baden_n in_o helvetia_n be_v famous_a then_o the_o bath_n of_o appona_n in_o italy_n of_o vulgar_a bath_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o upper_a germany_n as_o also_o in_o other_o place_n in_o scotland_n be_v the_o lake_n and_o river_n nessa_n which_o be_v not_o hot_a yet_o it_o be_v never_o congeal_v with_o cold._n the_o cause_n and_o generation_n of_o bath_n be_v first_o the_o admixture_n of_o sulphureous_a particle_n whilst_o the_o water_n be_v carry_v through_o subterraneous_a passage_n or_o rather_o whilst_o that_o it_o glide_v through_o the_o sulphureous_a mine_n to_o a_o collection_n about_o the_o spring_n 2._o the_o vapour_n of_o smoke_n and_o exhalation_n within_o the_o earth_n where_o sulphur_n be_v pure_a or_o impure_a as_o peat_n coal_n amber_n and_o the_o like_a for_o these_o material_n continual_o send_v forth_o a_o calid_a or_o warm_a fume_n which_o heat_n the_o water_n carry_v thither_o or_o glide_v through_o those_o place_n yet_o particle_n of_o alom_n be_v admix_v to_o many_o nay_o the_o most_o bath_n as_o also_o of_o iron_n and_o niter_n whence_o they_o have_v somewhat_o a_o sharp_a and_o astringent_a taste_n or_o sapour_fw-la almost_o all_o the_o bath_n which_o we_o know_v flow_v without_o cease_v except_o the_o pepper-bath_n of_o germany_n which_o be_v famous_a in_o rhetia_n not_o far_o from_o curia_n and_o beside_o sulphur_n they_o contain_v something_o of_o gold_n and_o not_o a_o little_a niter_fw-la the_o water_n of_o these_o bath_n break_v out_o every_o year_n about_o the_o three_o of_o may_n and_o it_o cease_v to_o flow_v about_o the_o fourteen_o of_o september_n the_o famous_a bath_n in_o germany_n be_v the_o plumbariae_n in_o lorraine_n emsebadae_n above_o constantina_n in_o alsatia_n near_o gebersweil_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o bada_fw-es wildbad_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wertebergh_n the_o blasianae_n near_o tubin_n there_o be_v many_o also_o in_o japan_n and_o the_o indian_a isle_n there_o be_v such_o hot_a one_o in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n that_o a_o egg_n may_v be_v boil_a in_o they_o proposition_n ix_o to_o explain_v the_o generation_n of_o oily_a and_o fat_a liquor_n flow_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o enumerate_v the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o they_o be_v find_v liquor_n of_o oily_a liquor_n some_o fountain_n send_v forth_o a_o bituminous_a liquor_n some_o a_o fat_a water_n or_o
strait_n 4._o river_n 5._o lake_n 6._o pool_n and_o 7._o marsh_n 1._o marsh_n may_v be_v exsiccate_v or_o drain_v either_o by_o subduction_n of_o the_o water_n or_o by_o exsiccation_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o none_o can_v doubt_v for_o in_o many_o region_n the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a where_o there_o be_v marsh_n some_o year_n since_o as_o in_o westphalia_n gelderland_n brabant_n holland_n muscovia_n 2._o the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o pool_n see_v that_o they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o marsh_n proposition_n v._o rivers_n leave_v their_o channel_n or_o shoar_n that_o be_v part_n of_o their_o channel_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n land_n river_n quit_v their_o shoar_n and_o afford_v new_a land_n 1._o if_o that_o they_o carry_v much_o terrestrial_a matter_n sand_n or_o gravel_n with_o they_o which_o sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n in_o progress_n of_o they_o time_n so_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n that_o it_o be_v no_o more_o depress_v than_o that_o place_n from_o whence_o the_o water_n flow_v from_o the_o vicine_fw-la earth_n but_o if_o that_o that_o matter_n sink_v into_o one_o place_n in_o part_n of_o the_o channel_n it_o will_v separate_v one_o part_n which_o then_o at_o length_n will_v be_v dry_v up_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o river_n take_v another_o channel_n whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o art_n or_o nature_n and_o a_o violent_a cause_n as_o by_o wind_n inundation_n or_o the_o like_a 3._o if_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o river_n be_v obstruct_v or_o cease_v to_o send_v forth_o water_n the_o earth_n be_v fall_v in_o or_o condensated_a or_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o sand_n be_v drive_v by_o the_o wind_n into_o the_o fountain_n or_o adjacent_a place_n example_n of_o river_n who_o channel_n be_v exsiccate_v at_o this_o time_n either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n be_v every_o where_o obvious_a in_o writer_n yet_o not_o of_o great_a river_n but_o of_o small_a or_o of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o great_a river_n so_o a_o channel_n of_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o flow_v by_o leyden_n flow_v in_o time_n pass_v into_o the_o german_a ocean_n now_o for_o some_o age_n desert_v by_o the_o water_n at_o this_o day_n be_v land_n the_o rhine_n stagnate_v between_o leyden_n and_o the_o vicus_n cattorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v uncover_v from_o the_o water_n of_o river_n and_o that_o some_o river_n run_v in_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n than_o they_o do_v former_o be_v manifest_a from_o many_o example_n and_o from_o thence_o that_o some_o at_o this_o day_n be_v not_o navigable_a which_o former_o be_v may_v easy_o be_v collect_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o water_n be_v diminish_v and_o none_o at_o all_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o their_o channel_n at_o some_o time_n or_o other_o as_o in_o the_o river_n scaldis_n therefore_o governor_n of_o commonwealth_n have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o mud_n and_o sediment_n be_v draw_v from_o out_o the_o channel_n of_o river_n that_o they_o may_v remain_v navigable_a as_o be_v see_v in_o many_o place_n but_o great_a river_n can_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v into_o land_n except_o in_o many_o age_n because_o that_o many_o lesser_a river_n flow_v from_o divers_a part_n make_v they_o of_o which_o though_o some_o may_v be_v dry_v up_o or_o change_v their_o course_n yet_o all_o do_v not_o suffer_v the_o same_o except_o in_o a_o long_a space_n of_o time_n and_o the_o channel_n be_v deep_a but_o one_o heap_n or_o ridge_n of_o sand_n may_v cause_v the_o river_n to_o run_v through_o another_o channel_n and_o the_o former_a to_o be_v dry_v up_o yet_o it_o take_v not_o away_o the_o river_n except_o the_o fountain_n or_o branch_n of_o it_o be_v obstruct_v therefore_o it_o be_v true_a that_o neither_o the_o nile_n tanais_n albis_n or_o the_o rhine_n or_o other_o river_n always_o flow_v or_o shall_v perpetual_o flow_v but_o that_o there_o be_v earth_n before_o and_o shall_v be_v afterward_o where_o they_o now_o flow_v proposition_n vi_o lake_n be_v dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n land_n lake_n dry_v up_o and_o change_v into_o land_n 1._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n be_v constitute_v from_o river_n that_o flow_v in_o that_o mutation_n be_v make_v by_o the_o abduction_n withdraw_a or_o cessation_n of_o the_o river_n and_o also_o by_o evaporation_n 2._o if_o that_o a_o lake_n receive_v water_n by_o a_o subterraneous_a passage_n from_o the_o ocean_n or_o sea_n there_o will_v be_v a_o mutation_n of_o that_o lake_n after_o that_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n be_v obstruct_v and_o so_o lake_n be_v first_o change_v into_o stand_a pool_n and_o marsh_n then_o at_o length_n into_o dry_a land_n it_o be_v evident_a say_v aristotle_n that_o because_o a_o force_n of_o water_n have_v bring_v in_o mud_n or_o something_o of_o that_o sort_n he_o speak_v of_o lake_n make_v of_o river_n therefore_o stand_v pool_n be_v make_v and_o the_o earth_n be_v dry_a and_o that_o their_o water_n be_v leave_v and_o stand_a in_o succession_n of_o time_n it_o be_v exsiccate_v and_o altogether_o vanish_v so_o the_o land_n that_o touch_v upon_o the_o lake_n maeotis_n by_o the_o soil_n bring_v down_o by_o the_o river_n be_v increase_v so_o much_o that_o ship_n now_o far_o less_o than_o those_o about_o 60_o year_n since_o for_o traffic_v sake_n enter_v into_o it_o there_o be_v many_o example_n find_v of_o small_a lake_n change_v into_o dry_a land_n especial_o in_o holland_n proposition_n vii_o strait_n be_v exsiccate_v and_o change_v into_o isthmuss_n or_o continent_n that_o happen_v streights_n streights_n when_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a sink_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n make_v in_o a_o long_a time_n the_o channel_n of_o the_o straight_o be_v become_v so_o high_a that_o it_o deni_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o sea_n so_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o the_o isthmus_n between_o africa_n and_o asia_n be_v a_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o red-sea_n be_v conjoin_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n in_o many_o strait_n at_o this_o day_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o channel_n be_v find_v lesser_a than_o in_o former_a time_n which_o be_v a_o certain_a token_n that_o those_o strait_n shall_v have_v no_o water_n in_o they_o in_o the_o time_n to_o come_v and_o shall_v be_v change_v into_o a_o dry_a isthmus_n so_o the_o straight_a through_o which_o the_o atlantic_a ocean_n make_v a_o gulf_n which_o the_o hollander_n call_v snyder-zee_a and_o the_o texell_n at_o this_o day_n receive_v no_o large_a land_n ship_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v every_o year_n find_v lesser_a and_o the_o land_n high_o therefore_o where_o the_o water_n be_v at_o the_o texell_n there_o after_o some_o age_n will_v be_v dry_a land_n concern_v the_o vlier_n the_o same_o in_o time_n to_o come_v will_v also_o happen_v proposition_n viii_o the_o bay_n or_o gulf_n which_o the_o ocean_n make_v between_o the_o mid-land_n in_o course_n of_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a place_n land_n bay_n or_o gulf_n in_o time_n do_v become_v dry_a land_n this_o be_v do_v by_o a_o double_a cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o straight_a by_o which_o the_o bay_n be_v conjoin_v to_o the_o ocean_n become_v a_o isthmus_n or_o else_o be_v stop_v by_o sand_n and_o gravel_n which_o be_v do_v in_o progress_n of_o time_n as_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n for_o by_o this_o cause_n the_o bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n and_o a_o part_n or_o member_n of_o it_o shall_v be_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o body_n and_o shall_v become_v a_o lake_n and_o then_o a_o stand_a pool_n and_o marish_a and_o by_o exsiccation_n become_v earth_n and_o no_o water_n shall_v be_v see_v there_o 2._o if_o that_o the_o very_a channel_n of_o the_o bay_n become_v high_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o river_n flow_v into_o it_o and_z carrying_z sand_n along_o with_o it_o that_o it_o in_o time_n can_v receive_v the_o sea_n so_o by_o degree_n the_o sea_n will_v recede_v from_o the_o shore_n of_o that_o bay_n therefore_o the_o mediterranean_a the_o baltic_a the_o red_a persian_a and_o other_o sea_n that_o be_v bay_n of_o the_o ocean_n will_v cease_v in_o time_n to_o be_v sea_n and_o will_v be_v change_v into_o land_n which_o shall_v be_v full_o prove_v in_o the_o follow_a proposition_n proposition_n ix_o the_o ocean_n for_o sake_v some_o shore_n or_o coast_n so_o that_o it_o become_v land_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v shore_n where_o the_o ocean_n former_o be_v be_v now_o land_n by_o its_o forsake_v the_o shore_n that_o happen_v for_o these_o cause_n 1._o if_o that_o the_o force_n of_o water_n be_v break_v at_o the_o shore_n by_o rock_n here_o and_o there_o on_o the_o coast_n or_o cliff_n in_o the_o sea_n for_o that_o
difference_n can_v little_o augment_v the_o altitude_n proposition_n xvi_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n or_o air_n be_v not_o only_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n but_o it_o remain_v the_o same_o and_o that_o constant_o at_o all_o time_n both_o winter_n and_o summer_n place_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v always_o the_o same_o in_o divers_a place_n for_o although_o that_o heat_n in_o the_o summer_n of_o our_o place_n may_v more_o elevate_v also_o our_o air_n more_o than_o in_o winter_n yet_o because_o that_o the_o winter_n be_v at_o the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o air_n be_v less_o raise_v in_o it_o wherefore_o part_n of_o our_o air_n shall_v be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o those_o place_n where_o the_o air_n be_v less_o elevate_v viz._n to_o the_o more_o depress_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o fourteen_o proposition_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a whilst_o that_o the_o air_n of_o the_o place_n where_o we_o be_v be_v depress_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o winter_n part_n of_o this_o air_n where_o the_o summer_n or_o the_o great_a heat_n be_v shall_v be_v move_v towards_o our_o place_n viz._n until_o the_o whole_a air_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n concern_v the_o day_n and_o the_o night_n for_o whilst_o that_o the_o air_n be_v depress_v and_o contract_v in_o the_o night_n to_o we_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v more_o rarefy_a and_o so_o be_v move_v towards_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n until_o it_o again_o make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n and_o because_o that_o all_o be_v equal_a on_o every_o side_n therefore_o the_o name_n altitude_n shall_v remain_v in_o every_o time_n but_o because_o that_o the_o air_n be_v condense_v more_o in_o one_o time_n and_o place_n than_o in_o another_o that_o difference_n see_v that_o it_o be_v very_o small_a can_v very_o little_o vary_v the_o altitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n the_o same_o be_v the_o account_n of_o rains_n or_o mist_n or_o vapour_n that_o be_v in_o we_o or_o in_o another_o place_n for_o to_o these_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n shall_v be_v less_o or_o more_o but_o i_o answer_v that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o time_n in_o which_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o rain_v not_o and_o that_o the_o mist_n fall_v not_o and_o therefore_o when_o that_o it_o rain_v in_o one_o place_n the_o air_n become_v not_o lesser_a than_o it_o be_v before_o because_o that_o before_o it_o rain_v in_o another_o place_n and_o so_o the_o reason_n be_v equal_a and_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n be_v neither_o augment_v nor_o diminish_v proposition_n xvii_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o cold_a by_o so_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v condense_v and_o therefore_o for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o condense_v in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n to_o wit_n in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o in_o the_o night_n than_o in_o the_o day_n now_o watery_a thick_a exhalation_n in_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o night_n cause_n and_o augment_v that_o condensation_n especial_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o evening_n condense_a the_o cold_o the_o air_n the_o more_o condense_a the_o truth_n of_o the_o proposition_n be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precede_a proposition_n neither_o do_v it_o obstruct_v for_o that_o part_n of_o the_o more_o not_o air_n be_v move_v to_o the_o more_o cold_a as_o to_o a_o more_o depress_a place_n because_o that_o not_o that_o itself_o but_o another_o adjoin_a approachment_n by_o reason_n of_o continual_a protrusion_n and_o if_o that_o that_o happen_v yet_o in_o a_o cold_a place_n that_o become_v also_o cold_a proposition_n xviii_o there_o be_v three_o region_n vulgar_o make_v in_o the_o air_n whereof_o the_o middle_a be_v that_o in_o which_o the_o snow_n rain_n and_o hail_n be_v generate_v the_o first_o be_v that_o in_o which_o we_o be_v extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n the_o three_o be_v that_o which_o begin_v the_o uttermost_a bind_v of_o the_o middle_a region_n and_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o utmost_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n even_o to_o the_o sublunary_a fire_n as_o the_o aristotelian_o affirm_v air._n three_o region_n in_o the_o air._n the_o middle_a region_n be_v more_o cold_a than_o the_o first_o and_o three_o which_o be_v reckon_v more_o hot_a but_o the_o three_o by_o reason_n that_o it_o contain_v more_o subtle_a fiery_a and_o sulphureous_a part_n of_o exhalation_n which_o fly_v to_o it_o about_o the_o place_n of_o the_o watery_a particle_n or_o be_v thrust_v down_o as_o more_o light_n the_o aristotelian_o say_v that_o it_o be_v hot_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o the_o fiery-sphere_n but_o the_o first_o because_o that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n fall_v be_v â—eaâ—_n there_o reflex_v and_o so_o duplicate_v the_o heat_n it_o happen_v that_o some_o particle_n of_o subterraneous_a fire_n exhale_v be_v in_o this_o region_n but_o the_o middle_a region_n iâ—_n more_o cold_a by_o reason_n that_o the_o reflect_a ray_n be_v there_o vicine_fw-la to_o those_o that_o fall_v in_o on_o the_o earth_n neither_o do_v they_o contain_v any_o fiery_a sulphureous_a particle_n but_o watery_a one_o for_o the_o sulphureous_a and_o fiery_a one_o that_o have_v carry_v up_o the_o watery_a one_o fly_v high_o proposition_n xix_o by_o how_o much_o that_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a recede_v to_o the_o pole_n or_o by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n be_v more_o near_o the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o distant_a the_o place_n of_o the_o air_n be_v from_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o rain_n snow_n hail_o begin_v to_o be_v generate_v the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v fall_v more_o oblique_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o pole_n than_o on_o the_o place_n about_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o ray_n refract_v be_v much_o withdraw_v from_o those_o fall_n in_o and_o so_o cause_v lesser_a heat_n and_o for_o a_o lesser_a space_n than_o the_o ray_n under_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o so_o in_o a_o more_o near_a place_n the_o watery_a vapour_n may_v unite_v to_o generate_v watery_a meteor_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o first_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n or_o rather_o elliptical_a or_o sphere_n like_a protuberate_v in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n proposition_n xx._n by_o how_o much_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v near_a the_o pole_n by_o so_o much_o distance_n the_o region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v distant_a from_o that_o earth_n that_o begin_v the_o three_o or_o in_o which_o the_o more_o subtle_a and_o sulphureous_a particle_n be_v for_o there_o be_v the_o few_o and_o more_o subtle_a particle_n in_o part_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n because_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n elicitate_v few_o from_o the_o earth_n therefore_o because_o that_o there_o be_v few_o particle_n of_o the_o three_o region_n under_o the_o frigid_a zone_n than_o in_o the_o temperate_a and_o in_o this_o few_o than_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o yet_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o that_o three_o region_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n 16._o see_v proposition_n 16._o according_a to_o the_o sixteenth_o proposition_n thence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o region_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o in_o the_o torrid_a and_o temperate_a zone_n corollary_n the_o superficies_n terminate_a the_o second_o region_n of_o the_o air_n or_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o three_o be_v spherical_a and_o protuberate_v in_o the_o frigid_a zone_n all_o these_o must_v be_v show_v to_o youth_n by_o diagram_n proposition_n xxi_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n do_v not_o direct_o arrive_v at_o our_o eye_n from_o the_o aether_n through_o the_o air_n but_o where_o they_o enter_v the_o air_n they_o be_v withdraw_v or_o deflect_v a_o little_a from_o a_o direct_a passage_n which_o the_o skilful_a in_o the_o optic_n term_v to_o refract_v the_o ray_n and_o so_o those_o ray_n refract_v come_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o show_v we_o the_o star_n star_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n this_o part_n which_o treat_v of_o the_o refraction_n of_o light_n be_v the_o most_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o science_n of_o the_o optic_n for_o experience_n testify_v that_o ray_n proceed_v from_o any_o visible_a body_n if_o from_o one_o medium_n they_o fall_v in_o upon_o another_o that_o be_v
sign_n which_o shall_v be_v that_o of_o the_o angle_n m_o r_o t_o from_o which_o if_o that_o you_o take_v away_o t_o r_o f_o the_o refraction_n m_o r_o l_o demand_v be_v leave_v the_o ancient_a optic_n use_v another_o far_o more_o intricate_a but_o yet_o a_o more_o false_a method_n proposition_n xxxiv_o the_o altitude_n and_o rule_n of_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o refraction_n at_o the_o give_v apparent_a altitude_n of_o the_o star_n and_o thence_o the_o true_a altitude_n refraction_n of_o refraction_n this_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a because_o in_o the_o former_a from_o the_o give_v refraction_n at_o the_o give_v altitude_n that_o rule_n of_o refraction_n be_v to_o be_v find_v example_n for_o exercise_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o table_n lay_v down_o before_o of_o the_o reflection_n of_o light_n in_o the_o air._n proposition_n xxxv_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n have_v enter_v the_o air_n or_o atmosphere_n be_v not_o only_o refract_v but_o be_v also_o reflect_v or_o repercuss_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o rough_a looking-glass_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o inordinate_a situation_n of_o the_o particle_n sun_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o except_v the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n to_o our_o eye_n no_o part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v appear_v lucid_a unto_o we_o except_o that_o above_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v and_o so_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o oriental_a part_n neither_o the_o meridian_n or_o occidental_a air_n will_v be_v lucid_a therefore_o some_o ray_n be_v refract_v pass_v through_o by_o the_o atmosphere_n some_o be_v refract_v here_o and_o there_o with_o many_o reflection_n from_o one_o particle_n unto_o another_o and_o so_o they_o make_v the_o air_n luminous_a or_o light_a proposition_n xxxvi_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o twilight_n that_o be_v of_o the_o light_n before_o the_o rise_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n air._n chief_a cause_n of_o twilight_n be_v the_o reflection_n of_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air._n it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o precedent_a proposition_n for_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o east_n his_o ray_n be_v ejaculate_v to_o the_o west_n do_v reflect_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o so_o make_v the_o occidental_a part_n conspicuous_a so_o the_o sun_n be_v beneath_o the_o horizon_n his_o ray_n send_v forth_o into_o our_o air_n be_v reflect_v to_o our_o eye_n and_o to_o the_o occident_n and_o from_o the_o occident_n to_o our_o eye_n proposition_n xxxvii_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o morning_n twilight_n that_o be_v the_o oriental_a air_n be_v illuminate_v and_o be_v so_o behold_v the_o sun_n be_v depress_v about_o 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o evening_n twilight_n that_o be_v no_o more_o illumination_n appear_v in_o the_o occidental_a air_n be_v when_o the_o sun_n be_v depress_v 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o occidental_a horizon_n twilight_n of_o the_o morning_n twilight_n this_o proposition_n depend_v on_o experience_n and_o observation_n for_o if_o in_o the_o morning_n season_n that_o be_v after_o the_o first_o and_o second_o hour_n after_o midnight_n we_o diligent_o observe_v our_o eye_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o east_n when_o that_o any_o bright_a colour_n show_v itself_o in_o the_o oriental_a air_n about_o the_o horizon_n and_o that_o we_o know_v at_o that_o time_n the_o hour_n and_o minute_n of_o the_o hour_n we_o may_v thence_o know_v the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n now_o we_o understand_v a_o serene_a air_n of_o which_o see_v that_o there_o be_v or_o may_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o do_v extend_v the_o twilight_n to_o the_o twenty_o degree_n of_o the_o depression_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n other_o unto_o the_o sixteenth_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o thick_a by_o so_o much_o the_o less_o will_v the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n be_v discover_v contrary_a unto_o what_o we_o say_v may_v happen_v in_o refraction_n proposition_n xxxviii_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o matter_n may_v be_v find_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o twilight_n which_o by_o reflection_n creat_v the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n as_o hitherto_o they_o have_v think_v neither_o do_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twilight_n arise_v from_o a_o simple_a but_o at_o least_o from_o a_o double_a reflection_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n let_v t_o l_o h_o be_v the_o earth_n g_o f_o o_o m_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o air_n l_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o the_o twilight_n appear_v or_o the_o light_n in_o the_o horizontal_n air_n f_o the_o incident_a solary_a ray_n f_o g_o s._n therefore_o mathematician_n that_o have_v hitherto_o write_v concern_v twilight_n say_v that_o the_o ray_n incident_a on_o f_z which_o make_v the_o reflection_n f_o l_o to_z come_v from_o the_o very_a sun_n s_n and_o because_o that_o no_o ray_n can_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n to_o f_o so_o long_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v beneath_o the_o tangent_fw-la f_o h_o s_o for_o example_n in_o s_n than_o its_o ray_n may_v come_v to_o f_o first_fw-mi or_o because_o that_o they_o will_v have_v reflection_n to_o be_v make_v from_o f_o as_o from_o a_o hollow_a looking-glass_n therefore_o t_n f_z h_z oughts_z to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n t_o f_o l_o wherefore_o because_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v find_v depress_v 18_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n therefore_o the_o angle_n n_z f_z s_z shall_v be_v find_v 18_o degree_n and_o l_o f_o h_o 162_o and_o t_o f_o h_o or_o t_o f_o l_o 81_o degree_n and_o l_o t_o f_o 9_o deg_fw-la whence_o t_n f_z be_v find_v about_o 874_o german_a mile_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n 11_o mile_n as_o clavius_n and_o nonius_n make_v it_o alhacen_n and_o vitellio_n make_v it_o 13_o mile_n this_o so_o great_a a_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n must_v in_o no_o sort_n be_v grant_v when_o that_o other_o phaenomenon_n do_v repugn_v now_o that_o it_o be_v find_v so_o great_a according_a to_o that_o method_n that_o happen_v from_o a_o false_a hypothesis_n that_o they_o assume_v viz._n the_o ray_n g_o h_o f_o which_o make_v the_o reflect_v f_o l_o to_o come_z from_o the_o very_a sun_n for_o this_o be_v false_a because_o that_o it_o come_v by_o reflection_n from_o another_o ray_n for_o example_n g_o l._n now_o that_o to_o make_v the_o small_a light_n in_o f_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o ray_n f_o g_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o uâ—ry_a sun_n but_o another_o reflect_a ray_n may_v do_v the_o same_o be_v prove_v from_o thence_o that_o in_o the_o occidental_a air_n we_o behold_v the_o light_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o direct_a ray_n then_o come_v from_o the_o sun_n s_o to_o the_o occidental_a air_n m_o but_o from_o another_o point_n of_o the_o air_n for_o example_n from_o f_z and_z o_o and_o so_o the_o reflect_a ray_n l_o m_o proceed_v from_o the_o incident_a ray_n f_o m_o which_o very_o f_z m_z be_v reflect_v from_o the_o incident_a g_o f_o and_o this_o g_o f_o from_o another_o g_o l_o which_o perchance_o also_o come_v from_o another_o second_o that_o also_o be_v worthy_a of_o note_n that_o they_o have_v determine_v that_o reflection_n be_v cause_v from_o the_o air_n as_o from_o a_o hollow_a looking-glass_n the_o centre_n of_o who_o cavity_n be_v t_o viz._n the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o this_o also_o be_v false_a for_o the_o ray_n be_v reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o air_n no_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o according_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o those_o particle_n this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o which_o slide_v from_o the_o occidental_a air_n m_o to_z t_o for_o if_o that_o it_o come_v from_o m_n as_o from_o the_o hollow-glass_n of_o the_o centre_n t_o its_o incident_a aught_o to_o come_v from_o the_o quarter_n x_o but_o now_o it_o come_v from_o o_o or_o between_z f_z and_z o_o therefore_o the_o ray_n l_o m_o be_v so_o reflect_v from_o the_o particle_n m_o as_o the_o figure_n of_o it_o require_v and_o there_o be_v in_o the_o air_n particle_n of_o a_o most_o different_a figure_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o that_o divers_a reflection_n be_v here_o and_o there_o cause_v into_o all_o quarter_n proposition_n thirty-nine_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o twilight_n be_v not_o generate_v by_o a_o
simple_a but_o by_o a_o double_a reflection_n to_o find_v thence_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n which_o may_v more_o agree_v with_o other_o observation_n scheme_n see_v scheme_n in_o the_o former_a proposition_n it_o be_v say_v that_o that_o ray_n g_o h_o f_o which_o make_v the_o first_o reflection_n f_o l_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o twilight_n come_v not_o from_o the_o sun_n itself_o but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o reflect_v in_o g_o let_v therefore_o his_o incident_a be_v g_o l_o which_o may_v touch_v the_o earth_n in_o p_o for_o so_o l_o g_o be_v the_o first_o ray_n that_o can_v come_v to_o g_o and_o this_o we_o place_n to_o come_v now_o immediate_o from_o the_o sun_n itself_o yet_o by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n it_o may_v a_o little_a deviate_v viz._n let_v q_o l_o be_v the_o very_a ray_n itself_o of_o the_o sun_n l_o p_o g_o the_o refract_v g_o h_o x_o the_o reflex_n f_o l_o the_o second_a reflex_n the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n t_o x_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o because_o that_o therefore_o the_o ray_n g_o l_o obligatory_n be_v the_o refract_v of_o the_o incident_a q_o l_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o refraction_n to_o be_v make_v 30_o minute_n viz._n the_o angle_n q_o l_o x_o moreover_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v 17_o degree_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n when_o that_o the_o twilight_n begin_v therefore_o the_o limbus_n of_o the_o sun_n qui_fw-fr which_o shall_v be_v distant_a beneath_o the_o horizon_n 16_o deg_fw-la 45_o min._n and_o 30_o min._n be_v take_v away_o by_o reason_n of_o refraction_n the_o angle_n n_o k_o x_o 16_o deg_fw-la 15_o min._n shall_v be_v the_o refracted_a depression_n of_o the_o limbus_n of_o the_o sun_n beneath_o the_o horizon_n and_o moreover_o because_o that_o k_o l_o k_o p_o be_v equal_a and_o also_o f_o l_o g_o p_o therefore_o kg_v kf_o be_v also_o equal_a and_o the_o angle_n k_o f_o g_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n k_o g_o f._n now_o both_o of_o they_o take_v together_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n n_o k_o g_o 16_o degree_n 15_o minute_n wherefore_o k_o f_o g_o be_v 8_o degree_n 7_o minute_n and_o f_o t_o l_o be_v 4_o degree_n and_o t_o f_o l_o 86_o minute_n whence_o be_v find_v that_o t_o f_o 86_o ½_n mile_n and_o therefore_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n be_v find_v 1_o ½_n mile_n which_o be_v far_o lesser_a than_o the_o mathematician_n former_o deduce_v from_o the_o twilight_n and_o it_o will_v yet_o be_v find_v far_o lesser_a if_o that_o a_o threefold_a reflection_n be_v place_v to_o make_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o twilight_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a and_o this_o twofold_a or_o threefold_a reflection_n be_v more_o right_o admit_v of_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o duration_n of_o the_o twilight_n than_o that_o which_o kepler_n allege_v concern_v the_o splendid_a matter_n in_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n see_v the_o other_o thing_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o twilight_n and_o variation_n of_o longitude_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n proposition_n xl._n to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o cloud_n by_o a_o geodetical_a dimension_n cloud_n by_o a_o geodetical_a dimension_n to_o find_v out_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o cloud_n the_o air_n be_v serene_a and_o quiet_a let_v any_o point_n or_o little_a cloud_n more_o observable_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v take_v and_o measure_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o as_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a tower_n from_o two_o station_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o observer_n may_v be_v in_o one_o station_n and_o the_o other_o in_o another_o so_o you_o shall_v find_v the_o altitude_n of_o this_o cloud_n which_o be_v never_o find_v to_o exceed_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n proposition_n xli_o to_o suppute_v the_o quantity_n of_o the_o air_n its_o altitude_n be_v give_v this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o suppute_v the_o space_n between_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o outward_a superficies_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v easy_a if_o so_o be_v that_o we_o know_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n for_o let_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v suppute_v who_o semidiameter_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o semidiameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n and_o from_o the_o find_v out_o solidity_n let_v the_o solidity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v take_v away_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v be_v the_o solidity_n or_o quantity_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xlii_o the_o air_n in_o some_o place_n have_v some_o thing_n peculiar_a nerain_v of_o ra_n in_o egypt_n it_o seldom_o or_o nerain_v so_o in_o egypt_n it_o very_o seldom_o rain_v or_o rather_o not_o at_o all_o and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n a_o light_a rain_n fall_v catarrh_n distemper_n of_o the_o lung_n fever_n and_o other_o disease_n do_v follow_v the_o inundation_n of_o nilus_n and_o almost_o a_o quotidian_a erost_n in_o the_o morning_n do_v supply_v the_o stead_n of_o ra_n so_o in_o peru_n rains_n be_v never_o see_v peru._n also_o in_o peru._n in_o many_o place_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la it_o rain_v for_o a_o whole_a half_a year_n and_o in_o the_o other_o half_n it_o be_v fair_a see_v in_o the_o second_o part_n chapter_n the_o 26_o the_o island_n puton_n timor_fw-la be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n cover_v with_o cloud_n and_o frost_n sumatra_n the_o air_n of_o sumatra_n in_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n the_o air_n be_v very_o heavy_a and_o cloudy_a by_o reason_n of_o many_o stand_a pool_n the_o like_a be_v in_o many_o other_o place_n so_o in_o old_a mexico_n also_o in_o malacea_n and_o the_o like_a the_o isle_n of_o st._n thomas_n lie_v under_o the_o aequator_fw-la thomas_n st._n thomas_n be_v repute_v to_o have_v the_o most_o unwholesome_a air_n of_o all_o region_n although_o that_o it_o abound_v in_o all_o fruit_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chili_n the_o air_n be_v so_o subtle_a chili_n chili_n that_o a_o sword_n sheathe_v in_o its_o scabbard_n without_o any_o wipe_v yet_o receive_v no_o rust_n azore_n isle_n of_o the_o azore_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o azore_v the_o air_n and_o wind_n be_v so_o sharp_a that_o it_o eat_v plate_n of_o iron_n and_o the_o wall_n cover_v with_o the_o same_o in_o a_o short_a space_n and_o reduce_v they_o to_o dust_n aristotle_n relate_v that_o on_o mount_n olympus_n there_o be_v no_o motion_n of_o air_n yea_o no_o air_n at_o all_o if_o that_o that_o be_v true_a which_o follow_v and_o that_o character_n write_v in_o the_o dust_n be_v find_v there_o after_o many_o year_n without_o any_o disturbance_n and_o that_o those_o that_o ascend_v that_o mountain_n can_v continue_v their_o life_n except_o that_o they_o carry_v moisten_v sponge_n with_o they_o by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o they_o breath_n in_o america_n when_o that_o the_o spaniard_n pass_v through_o from_o nicaragua_n into_o peru_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n interpose_v many_o sudden_o die_v or_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n with_o their_o horse_n like_v unto_o statue_n even_o unto_o the_o return_n of_o those_o that_o escape_v some_o think_v that_o a_o defect_n of_o air_n be_v the_o cause_n but_o that_o be_v not_o probable_a neither_o do_v i_o receive_v that_o for_o truth_n which_o aristotle_n write_v concern_v mount_n olympus_n because_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o high_a mountain_n who_o top_n be_v cover_v with_o snow_n whence_o we_o former_o conclude_v that_o they_o be_v not_o above_o the_o air_n but_o that_o the_o air_n flow_v over_o they_o busbequius_fw-la a_o eye-witness_n declare_v hangaria_n see_v the_o chapter_n of_o mountain_n the_o author_n relation_n of_o the_o mountain_n carpathus_n in_o hangaria_n that_o mount_n olympus_n in_o the_o summer_n be_v also_o cover_v with_o snow_n about_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o indian_a ocean_n the_o air_n be_v fragrant_a with_o the_o scent_n of_o the_o odour_n especial_o at_o that_o time_n when_o that_o aromatics_n be_v mature_a mariner_n discover_v this_o scent_n when_o that_o as_o yet_o they_o be_v three_o or_o four_o mile_n distant_a from_o these_o isle_n viz._n when_o that_o a_o wind_n contrary_a to_o their_o course_n blow_v the_o air_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o heavy_a than_o that_o of_o the_o land_n and_o less_o acceptable_a unto_o those_o that_o be_v not_o accustom_v unto_o it_o the_o difference_n be_v manifest_o discern_v when_o that_o mariner_n approach_v near_o the_o shore_n for_o by_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o whole_a mile_n they_o will_v discover_v how_o nigh_o the_o land_n they_o be_v by_o the_o very_a air._n mariner_n relate_v this_o especial_o concern_v soffala_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o oriental_a coast_n of_o africa_n when_o that_o i_o have_v print_v these_o i_o happen_v by_o chance_n on_o a_o certain_a observation_n make_v by_o david_n froelichius_fw-la
intermedial_a wind_n so_o that_o there_o be_v 12_o wind_n every_o one_o of_o which_o they_o design_v by_o their_o proper_a term_n although_o that_o some_o other_o reckon_v otherwise_o the_o latin_n beside_o these_o twelve_o add_v the_o name_n of_o twelve_o more_o which_o blow_n between_o two_o of_o the_o former_a twelve_o the_o follow_a diagram_n show_v their_o appellation_n and_o order_n in_o which_o the_o greek_a wind_n be_v note_v by_o great_a letter_n and_o those_o which_o the_o roman_n have_v interpose_v between_o every_o two_o be_v note_v by_o lesser_a letter_n yet_o seneca_n note_v that_o this_o inconveniency_n be_v long_o since_o observe_v by_o varro_n and_o that_o therefore_o he_o order_v these_o twelve_o wind_n thus_o that_o every_o two_o shall_v be_v distant_a by_o equal_a distance_n not_o have_v any_o regard_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o solary_a quarter_n but_o in_o that_o seneca_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o wind_n than_o twelve_o be_v false_a and_o ridiculous_a for_o they_o be_v infinite_a proposition_n ix_o hitherto_o we_o have_v explain_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o wind_n take_v from_o the_o quarter_n and_o have_v also_o show_v that_o both_o the_o division_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o roman_n be_v less_o adapt_v to_o the_o use_n of_o navigation_n and_o geography_n therefore_o we_o deserve_o retain_v the_o more_o recent_a distribution_n which_o constitute_v 32_o wind_n blow_v from_o quarter_n equal_o distant_a now_o those_o be_v call_v opposite_a wind_n or_o contrary_a which_o blow_n from_o quarter_n diametrical_o opposite_a for_o we_o conceive_v the_o wind_n as_o come_v from_o another_o place_n to_o our_o place_n but_o we_o suppose_v a_o quarter_n to_o be_v extend_v from_o our_o place_n to_o another_o place_n proposition_n x._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v various_a for_o see_v that_o the_o wind_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o continue_a protraction_n of_o the_o air_n all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v able_a to_o effect_v such_o a_o protrusion_n will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o wind_n now_o they_o be_v these_o various_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v various_a 1._o the_o chief_a and_o general_a cause_n be_v the_o sun_n itself_o which_o attenuate_v and_o rarefi_v the_o air_n by_o his_o fiery_a beam_n especial_o that_o on_o which_o he_o send_v forth_o his_o perpendicular_a ray_n or_o over_o which_o he_o stand_v for_o the_o air_n be_v rarefy_v require_v far_o more_o space_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o air_n be_v force_v by_o the_o sun_n do_v protrude_v the_o vicine_fw-la air_n with_o a_o great_a force_n and_o when_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v round_o from_o the_o east_n into_o the_o west_n the_o chief_a force_n of_o the_o air_n cause_v by_o he_o be_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o a_o sign_n of_o it_o may_v be_v that_o in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o every_o where_n in_o the_o sea_n a_o continual_a easterly_a wind_n do_v blow_v viz._n the_o sun_n thrust_v forward_o the_o air_n from_o the_o east_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o exceed_v not_o the_o torrid_a zone_n indeed_o the_o rarefy_a air_n be_v thrust_v forward_o circular_o towards_o all_o the_o quarter_n north_n east_n south_n west_n but_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o admit_v in_o all_o quarter_n but_o the_o more_o vehement_a protrusion_n be_v towards_o the_o west_n because_o that_o the_o sun_n move_v towards_o that_o quarter_n therefore_o the_o wind_n be_v almost_o continual_o more_o sensible_a in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n towards_o this_o quarter_n but_o in_o our_o zone_n for_o many_o day_n in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o after_o that_o where_o for_o the_o most_o part_n other_o wind_n do_v cease_v of_o other_o quarter_n some_o be_v sometime_o more_o dispose_v than_o other_o to_o receive_v this_o force_n therefore_o where_o the_o protrusion_n become_v great_a towards_o the_o north_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v say_v to_o blow_v when_o that_o it_o be_v thrust_v towards_o the_o east_n than_o the_o west_n wind_n blow_v when_o towards_o the_o south_n the_o north_n and_o so_o for_o other_o quarter_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o when_o this_o protrusion_n be_v make_v to_o any_o quarter_n lie_v without_o those_o four_o cardinal_n quarter_n then_o in_o divers_a region_n a_o diverse_a wind_n shall_v be_v see_v for_o although_o that_o that_o quarter_n be_v one_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o place_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a yet_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o place_n it_o be_v diverse_a and_o so_o the_o same_o cause_n make_v the_o same_o wind_n to_o be_v term_v by_o divers_a name_n in_o several_a region_n now_o this_o cause_n be_v either_o assist_v or_o hinder_v by_o other_o cause_n if_o that_o it_o be_v assist_v it_o make_v the_o wind_n vehement_a if_o it_o he_o hinder_v it_o make_v it_o less_o vehement_a from_o that_o quarter_n and_o oftentimes_o another_o wind_n than_o blow_v which_o be_v rather_o assist_v by_o that_o general_a cause_n 2._o i_o make_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n and_o that_o more_o frequent_o exhalation_n elevate_v copious_o and_o with_o a_o violence_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n but_o they_o scarce_o cause_v any_o wind_n except_o that_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v rarefy_v 3._o the_o attenuation_n and_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o cloud_n and_o mist_n whether_o that_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o sun_n or_o from_o other_o star_n or_o whether_o from_o include_v or_o adjoin_v fire_n or_o sulphureous_a particle_n 4._o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n and_o ice_n especial_o of_o that_o which_o lie_v on_o mountainous_a place_n and_o be_v not_o whole_o dissolve_v into_o water_n 5._o the_o various_a situation_n and_o rise_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o other_o star_n 6._o the_o condensation_n and_o rarefaction_n of_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n by_o any_o heat_n or_o cold_a 7._o the_o descent_n of_o the_o cloud_n by_o which_o the_o subject_v air_n be_v press_v the_o consideration_n of_o the_o aeolopila_n conduce_v much_o to_o the_o more_o easy_a understanding_n of_o these_o cause_n into_o which_o the_o water_n include_v fire_n be_v put_v to_o it_o by_o a_o arrow_n orifice_n send_v forth_o the_o wind_n with_o a_o great_a force_n until_o that_o all_o the_o water_n be_v exhale_v now_o these_o retain_v the_o place_n of_o a_o narrow_a orifice_n in_o the_o air_n 1._o the_o more_o dense_a circumstantial_a air._n 2._o if_o that_o the_o same_o vicine_fw-la air_n be_v force_v by_o or_o prohibit_v to_o give_v place_n by_o other_o vapour_n or_o mist_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o air_n be_v more_o condense_a towards_o one_o quarter_n and_o so_o lay_v open_v a_o way_n to_o blast_n proposition_n xi_o why_o the_o wind_n blow_v so_o that_o they_o make_v a_o perpendicular_a line_n over_o the_o horizon_n or_o why_o the_o go_v forth_o of_o the_o wind_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n horizon_n the_o wind_n so_o blow_v that_o they_o make_v a_o perpendicular_a â—ine_o over_o the_o horizon_n the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o air_n in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n do_v encompass_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o protrusion_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v for_o the_o most_o part_n through_o the_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o although_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o air_n to_o be_v force_v according_a to_o a_o transverse_a line_n yet_o because_o that_o there_o be_v a_o lesser_a force_n from_o the_o side_n and_o great_a resistance_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o wind_n incumb_fw-la into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o passage_n but_o we_o shall_v more_o commodious_o conceive_v this_o mode_n if_o that_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n for_o the_o sun_n thrust_v forward_o the_o air_n towards_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o that_o place_n unto_o which_o it_o be_v vertical_a but_o that_o force_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o all_o as_o i_o have_v say_v if_o that_o now_o we_o consider_v the_o great_a circle_n draw_v from_o that_o place_n and_o among_o these_o those_o in_o which_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v forward_o all_o those_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n seat_v in_o this_o circle_n or_o semicircle_n shall_v find_v the_o wind_n fall_v down_o perpendicular_o by_o reason_n that_o every_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n pass_v through_o any_o place_n of_o it_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n of_o that_o place_n the_o same_o be_v the_o reason_n if_o that_o at_o any_o time_n the_o wind_n break_v forth_o from_o a_o thick_a fog_n or_o dissolve_v cloud_n but_o those_o place_n that_o be_v situate_v without_o these_o circle_n feel_v not_o the_o wind_n although_o that_o the_o air_n be_v move_v above_o their_o horizon_n because_o that_o it_o be_v not_o perpendicular_a to_o that_o
horizon_n but_o oblique_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o general_a that_o the_o wind_n proceed_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a way_n to_o the_o horizon_n because_o that_o oftentimes_o in_o the_o air_n transverse_a blast_n be_v find_v so_o we_o see_v that_o smoak_n come_v forth_o of_o a_o chimney_n be_v not_o carry_v by_o the_o wind_n towards_o one_o quarter_n but_o part_n of_o it_o be_v carry_v unto_o other_o quarter_n proposition_n xii_o why_o the_o wind_n blow_v by_o a_o interrupt_a force_n so_o that_o sometime_o they_o cease_v and_o other_o some_o as_o it_o be_v with_o redouble_a strength_n they_o return_v with_o the_o great_a importunity_n and_o why_o that_o they_o seem_v more_o continual_o to_o blow_v on_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o it_o be_v discover_v less_o calm_a force_n the_o wind_n 〈◊〉_d blow_n by_o a_o interrupt_a force_n i_o suppose_v the_o reason_n to_o be_v that_o the_o cause_n that_o move_v or_o stir_v up_o the_o wind_n continue_v not_o always_o but_o that_o some_o space_n be_v require_v unto_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o a_o quantity_n which_o by_o such_o a_o vehemency_n may_v break_v through_o the_o air_n and_o therefore_o because_o that_o exhalation_n be_v more_o continual_a in_o the_o air_n and_o the_o motion_n be_v less_o impede_v there_o the_o calm_a in_o the_o ocean_n be_v less_o discover_v although_o that_o it_o be_v not_o whole_o remove_v proposition_n xiii_o why_o no_o wind_n blow_v perpendicular_o from_o the_o air_n unto_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v this_o question_n meteor_n see_v aristotle_n lib._n 2._o chap._n 9_o of_o meteor_n aristotle_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 9_o of_o meteor_n treat_v very_o absurd_o so_o that_o the_o peripatetic_n be_v not_o agree_v concern_v his_o opinion_n neither_o shall_v i_o in_o this_o place_n relate_v their_o sentiment_n the_o cause_n seem_v easy_o to_o be_v explain_v viz._n that_o the_o air_n be_v thrust_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v break_v through_o this_o way_n by_o reason_n that_o other_o vapour_n be_v expel_v or_o bear_v upward_o and_o therefore_o the_o overmuch_a resistance_n of_o the_o air_n which_o be_v direct_o situate_v under_o the_o air_n move_v cause_v the_o protrusion_n to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o place_n in_o which_o the_o violence_n begin_v which_o be_v therefore_o the_o more_o probable_a see_v that_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o wind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o light_a than_o that_o air_n and_o that_o be_v more_o rarify_v than_o that_o which_o be_v more_o near_o unto_o the_o earth_n proposition_n fourteen_o why_o westerly-wind_n be_v less_o frequent_a than_o easterly-wind_n 10._o see_v proposition_n 10._o the_o cause_n of_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o ten_o proposition_n where_o we_o have_v make_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n of_o wind_n who_o so_o rarifi_v the_o air_n proceed_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n and_o therefore_o the_o air_n be_v more_o thrust_v towards_o the_o west_n therefore_o that_o this_o general_a cause_n may_v be_v impede_v of_o necessity_n very_o many_o exhalation_n must_v consist_v in_o the_o western_a quarter_n which_o do_v happen_v less_o frequent_o proposition_n xv._o why_o the_o northern_a and_o eastern-wind_n be_v more_o impetuous_a and_o stormy_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o southern_a and_o western_a more_o relax_v and_o weak_a western_a the_o northern_a and_o eastern_a wind_n more_o stormy_a than_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a the_o cause_n be_v by_o reason_n that_o the_o northern_a air_n be_v more_o thick_a by_o reason_n of_o cold_a and_o the_o southern_a in_o our_o zone_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a dissipation_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o heat_n be_v more_o rarify_v now_o by_o how_o much_o the_o air_n be_v more_o rarify_v by_o so_o much_o the_o lesser_a be_v it_o carry_v with_o a_o impetuous_a force_n yet_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o south-wind_n be_v cold_a dry_a and_o violent_a in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n or_o the_o arctic_a zone_n oppose_v to_o we_o no_o less_o than_o the_o northern-wind_n be_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o eastern-wind_n be_v more_o rigid_a or_o more_o intense_a for_o another_o cause_n viz._n because_o that_o it_o arise_v for_o the_o most_o part_n from_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n make_v by_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v continual_o carry_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n the_o air_n also_o be_v thrust_v forward_o with_o the_o great_a violence_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o other_o cause_n may_v accede_v that_o may_v either_o help_v or_o obstruct_v that_o violence_n proposition_n xvi_o why_o the_o southern_o and_o westernly-wind_n be_v find_v more_o hot_a than_o the_o eastern_o and_o northern_o which_o have_v a_o wonderful_a power_n of_o cause_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o they_o western_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a wind_n be_v find_v more_o hot_a than_o the_o eastern_o and_o western_o so_o this_o question_n be_v wont_v vulgar_o to_o be_v propound_v yet_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o must_v not_o general_o be_v understand_v of_o all_o place_n but_o only_o concern_v the_o place_n of_o our_o zone_n for_o in_o the_o other_o temperate_a zone_n situate_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o contrary_a hold_v true_a because_o that_o in_o these_o place_n the_o northern-wind_n be_v hot_a or_o warm_a and_o the_o southren_n be_v find_v more_o cold_a and_o so_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o cause_n require_v for_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o southwind_n be_v discover_v more_o warm_a to_o we_o and_o the_o north_n more_o cold_a proceed_v hence_o viz._n that_o the_o south-wind_n come_v from_o a_o quarter_n and_o place_n more_o near_o unto_o the_o torrid_a zone_n or_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o the_o northern_a place_n more_o remote_a from_o that_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o be_v from_o more_o cold_a place_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v find_v in_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la because_o that_o the_o northern-wind_n approach_v to_o they_o from_o the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o southern_a from_o the_o place_n more_o near_o the_o pole_n but_o as_o concern_v the_o eastern_a and_o western-wind_n i_o must_v answer_v otherwise_o neither_o do_v that_o diversity_n of_o the_o place_n of_o our_o zone_n and_o that_o of_o the_o opposite_a here_o take_v place_n therefore_o first_o it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o the_o western-wind_n be_v less_o frequent_a in_o all_o place_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o occidental_a wind_n be_v discover_v more_o warm_a viz._n because_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o blow_v in_o the_o night_n and_o after_o the_o set_n of_o the_o sun_n where_o the_o air_n that_o be_v thrust_v forward_o towards_o our_o place_n be_v more_o calid_a or_o less_o frigid_a than_o the_o air_n of_o our_o place_n which_o be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o west_n than_o that_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o our_o place_n there_o be_v also_o another_o cause_n which_o also_o be_v of_o force_n in_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o northern_a and_o southern-wind_n viz._n that_o the_o western-wind_n blow_v with_o less_o violence_n and_o not_o so_o intense_a but_o with_o some_o relaxation_n now_o it_o be_v know_v that_o any_o air_n or_o wind_n be_v discover_v so_o much_o the_o more_o cold_a by_o how_o much_o it_o blow_v with_o the_o great_a or_o more_o intense_a force_n although_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v no_o hot_a or_o cold_a which_o be_v evident_a by_o our_o expiration_n which_o we_o can_v exhale_v either_o cold_a or_o hot_a proposition_n xvii_o why_o mariner_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o cloud_n especial_o such_o a_o one_o that_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a or_o duskish_a colour_n predict_v a_o wind_n from_o that_o quarter_n also_o to_o declare_v the_o other_o sign_n of_o future_a wind_n quarter_n mariner_n from_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o cloud_n predict_v a_o wind_n from_o that_o quarter_n a_o twofold_a reason_n may_v be_v render_v for_o either_o cloud_n of_o that_o colour_n do_v show_v that_o by_o and_o by_o they_o shall_v be_v dissipate_v and_o dissolve_v into_o blast_n or_o else_o the_o cloud_n sink_v by_o their_o own_o weight_n and_o segregated_a from_o other_o cloud_n press_v down_o the_o air_n beneath_o they_o and_o so_o cause_v it_o to_o blow_v concern_v the_o peculiar_a cloud_n term_v by_o the_o dutch_a the_o bulls-eye_n see_v the_o follow_a chapter_n 1._o the_o sun_n appear_v spot_v in_o his_o rise_n and_o lie_v obscure_v under_o a_o pale_a or_o black_a cloud_n foretell_v either_o shower_n or_o wind_n 2._o if_o that_o the_o sun_n at_o his_o rise_n appear_v concave_a so_o that_o it_o shine_v
from_o the_o middle_n and_o send_v forth_o ray_n it_o signify_v a_o moist_a and_o windy_a season_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v pale_a in_o his_o set_n but_o if_o it_o be_v red_a the_o air_n will_v be_v quiet_a and_o serene_a the_o next_o day_n 4._o if_o the_o sun_n be_v pale_a set_v in_o black_a cloud_n it_o signify_v a_o northwind_n 5._o if_o that_o the_o moon_n be_v red_a like_o unto_o gold_n it_o be_v deem_v a_o certain_a sign_n of_o a_o wind_n according_a to_o the_o verse_n pallida_fw-la luna_fw-la pluit_fw-la rubicunda_fw-la fiat_fw-la alba_fw-la serenat_fw-la 6._o a_o circle_n about_o the_o moon_n 7._o if_o that_o the_o northern-horn_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o moon_n appear_v more_o extend_v a_o northwind_n be_v approach_v 8._o if_o that_o the_o southern_a a_o southwind_n be_v at_o hand_n 9_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o more_o note_a star_n as_o of_o the_o bear_n orion_n and_o especial_o the_o goat_n with_o the_o sun_n 10._o if_o the_o small_a star_n in_o cancer_n term_v asellos_fw-la be_v cover_v with_o a_o cloud_n if_o the_o northern_a of_o they_o be_v cover_v the_o wind_n will_v be_v south_n if_o the_o southren_n be_v cover_v it_o will_v be_v north._n 11._o for_o the_o most_o part_n wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v when_o that_o the_o wind_n cease_v 12._o when_o a_o certain_a noise_n and_o murmur_n like_v to_o a_o ebullition_n be_v hear_v in_o the_o sea_n 13._o the_o ancient_n also_o prognosticate_v from_o the_o raven_n the_o dolphin_n and_o other_o animal_n 14._o from_o fiery_a meteor_n as_o from_o lightning_n and_o falling-star_n but_o not_o from_o the_o ignes_fw-la fatui_fw-la proposition_n xviii_o why_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n the_o wind_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o blow_v with_o great_a force_n than_o in_o the_o hot_a summer_n or_o cold_a winter_n winter_n great_a and_o more_o frequent_a wind_n in_o spring_n and_o autumn_n than_o in_o summer_n and_o cold_a winter_n in_o the_o spring_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v partly_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o dissolve_v of_o snow_n especial_o in_o mountainous_a place_n partly_o because_o that_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v then_o open_v and_o send_v forth_o many_o exhalation_n partly_o because_o that_o the_o air_n and_o vapour_n be_v then_o more_o thin_a when_o that_o they_o be_v condense_v in_o the_o winter_n add_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o month_n before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o in_o the_o very_a spring_n many_o ray_n do_v fall_v by_o reason_n that_o humid_a constellation_n than_o have_v possess_v those_o house_n of_o the_o zodiac_n into_o which_o on_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o account_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o also_o in_o autumn_n the_o frequent_a ray_n and_o exhalation_n be_v to_o be_v account_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o wind_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o spring_n by_o reason_n that_o a_o moderate_a heat_n proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n advance_v the_o vapour_n and_o exhalation_n yet_o such_o as_o be_v more_o thick_a and_o less_o attenuate_v but_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o wind_n for_o the_o most_o part_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o ray_n be_v very_o seldom_o see_v at_o that_o season_n viz._n because_o that_o the_o sun_n overmuch_o attenuate_v the_o exhalation_n and_o do_v not_o permit_v they_o so_o to_o conjoin_v or_o meet_v in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o be_v require_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o cause_n be_v not_o general_a or_o always_o true_a and_o neither_o be_v it_o general_o true_a that_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n there_o be_v no_o wind_n for_o here_o we_o be_v only_o to_o understand_v it_o concern_v that_o which_o oftentimes_o happen_v but_o in_o the_o sharp_a winter_n the_o wind_n be_v more_o rare_a and_o that_o by_o reason_n that_o both_o few_o vapour_n be_v raise_v from_o the_o earth_n and_o those_o also_o that_o be_v elevate_v be_v either_o condense_a into_o cloud_n or_o be_v so_o dissipate_v by_o frost_n that_o they_o cause_v no_o wind_n proposition_n xix_o in_o what_o altitude_n of_o the_o air_n or_o in_o what_o region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v blow_v in_o what_o region_n the_o wind_n begin_v to_o blow_v there_o be_v some_o that_o suppose_v the_o wind_n not_o to_o exceed_v the_o low_a region_n of_o the_o air_n because_o that_o they_o discover_v that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n as_o olympus_n feel_v no_o blast_n but_o i_o question_v the_o observation_n see_v that_o the_o smoke_n cast_v forth_o from_o the_o top_n of_o mount_n aetna_n be_v discern_v to_o be_v move_v to_o and_o fro_o by_o the_o wind_n therefore_o i_o suppose_v that_o such_o a_o windy_a commotion_n may_v be_v cause_v also_o in_o the_o upper_a region_n of_o the_o air._n proposition_n xx._n unto_o what_o space_n one_o and_o the_o same_o wind_n may_v extend_v itself_o itself_o how_o far_o one_o and_o the_o same_o wind_n may_v extend_v itself_o there_o be_v great_a diversity_n in_o this_o matter_n for_o the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n under_o the_o torrid_a zone_n seem_v to_o encompass_v the_o whole_a earth_n and_o those_o also_o that_o blow_n either_o from_o the_o north_n or_o south_n for_o many_o day_n and_o long_a space_n be_v wont_a to_o accompany_v and_o follow_v mariner_n the_o same_o seem_v true_a concern_v collateral_a line_n but_o this_o diversity_n be_v because_o that_o the_o same_o wind_n be_v different_a in_o divers_a place_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o the_o ten_o proposition_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o wind_n in_o particular_a and_o tempest_n in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n we_o have_v allege_v the_o distribution_n and_o difference_n or_o rather_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o wind_n which_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o quarter_n from_o whence_o they_o blow_v or_o seem_v to_o blow_v which_o division_n also_o be_v accidental_a by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o a_o certain_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o which_o those_o quarter_n be_v relate_v now_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v allege_v the_o division_n and_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n or_o else_o be_v proper_a to_o certain_a tract_n of_o the_o earth_n although_o that_o we_o desire_v to_o have_v more_o and_o those_o likewise_o more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v these_o thing_n but_o we_o will_v produce_v what_o we_o have_v collect_v with_o much_o labour_n from_o the_o diaries_n of_o the_o seaman_n proposition_n i._n one_o wind_n be_v constant_a and_o another_o inconstant_a inconstant_a of_o wind_n constant_a and_o inconstant_a that_o be_v a_o constant_a wind_n which_o at_o the_o least_o for_o one_o or_o two_o hour_n blow_v from_o the_o same_o quarter_n that_o be_v a_o inconstant_a wind_n which_o sometime_o blow_v and_o other_o some_o be_v change_v into_o other_o wind_n blow_v from_o other_o quarter_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o more_o or_o less_o duration_n of_o the_o same_o wind_n also_o of_o the_o swift_a immutation_n seem_v to_o be_v 1._o if_o that_o it_o be_v from_o a_o general_a cause_n or_o from_o a_o cause_n less_o constant_a so_o wind_n proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v constant_a so_o those_o also_o that_o blow_n from_o the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n especial_o in_o the_o mountain_n 2._o if_o that_o by_o chance_n there_o be_v no_o such_o vapour_n in_o other_o quarter_n which_o be_v apt_a to_o generate_v wind_n 3._o if_o that_o the_o circumambient_a air_n about_o the_o cloud_n of_o which_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v be_v more_o thick_a and_o grant_v no_o passage_n to_o the_o exhalation_n but_o if_o that_o the_o air_n be_v not_o so_o thick_a or_o more_o relax_v and_o that_o few_o vapour_n be_v here_o and_o there_o in_o divers_a place_n and_o quarter_n and_o last_o if_o that_o the_o general_a cause_n do_v cease_v than_o indeed_o the_o wind_n be_v find_v variable_a which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n gentle_a proposition_n ii_o one_o wind_n be_v general_a and_o another_o particular_a wind_n of_o general_a and_o particular_a wind_n the_o general_a wind_n be_v term_v by_o mariner_n a_o passant_a wind_n which_o at_o many_o place_n at_o once_o in_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o earth_n blow_v on_o the_o sea_n almost_o for_o a_o whole_a year_n that_o be_v term_v a_o particular_a on_o the_o contrary_a which_o blow_v not_o at_o once_o in_o many_o place_n for_o a_o whole_a year_n now_o a_o general_a wind_n be_v hinder_v 1._o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o earth_n for_o here_o vapour_n from_o other_o quarter_n do_v interpose_v
north_n latitude_n in_o the_o sea_n seventy_o mile_n from_o guinea_n a_o southeast_n wiad_o predominate_v from_o the_o 20_o of_o april_n to_o the_o 5_o of_o may_n but_o not_o on_o the_o shoar_n or_o in_o guinea_n itself_o after_o the_o 5_o of_o may_n the_o same_o wind_n be_v also_o discover_v at_o the_o 3_o deg_fw-la and_o 3_o ½_n of_o latitude_n 12._o at_o the_o isle_n of_o madagascar_n from_o the_o 15_o of_o april_n unto_o the_o last_o of_o may_n the_o north_n and_o north-west_n wind_n blow_v but_o in_o february_n and_o march_v the_o wind_n blow_v from_o the_o east_n and_o south_n 13._o in_o april_n or_o may_n in_o the_o tract_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n from_o madagascar_n to_o the_o promontory_n of_o good-hope_a the_o north_n wind_n and_o the_o wind_n collateral_a to_o the_o north_n blow_v continual_o to_o the_o east_n so_o that_o it_o be_v esteem_v a_o miracle_n if_o that_o the_o southo_n southeast_n wind_n blow_v for_o two_o day_n 14._o after_o the_o 20_o of_o april_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o bengala_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v violent_a before_o that_o day_n the_o south-west_n and_o north-west_n and_o those_o be_v very_o impetuous_a do_v predominate_a 15._o there_o be_v a_o motion_n for_o navigation_n from_o malacca_n to_o maccou_n in_o july_n october_n november_n december_n viz._n the_o south_n wind_n and_o south-west_n wind_n and_o oftentimes_o the_o southeast_n wind_n but_o in_o june_n and_o july_n at_o the_o begin_n the_o west_n wind_n rage_n about_o malacca_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n 16._o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o java_n to_o china_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n begin_v with_o the_o month_n of_o may._n 17._o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o china_n to_o japan_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n be_v in_o force_n in_o june_n and_o july_n viz._n the_o south-west_n wind_n but_o the_o north_n and_o collateral_a wind_n to_o the_o north_n at_o the_o east_n oftentimes_o interpose_v and_o that_o especial_o at_o the_o day_n time_n but_o in_o the_o night_n season_n the_o southeast_n and_o the_o first_o collateral_a wind_n at_o the_o east_n do_v interpose_v and_o let_v 18._o a_o contrary_a motion_n viz._n from_o japan_n to_o maccou_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n be_v in_o february_n and_o march_v viz._n the_o east_n and_o north-east_n wind_n but_o these_o predominate_a not_o in_o the_o sea_n but_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o china_n which_o those_o that_o sail_n in_o that_o voyage_n from_o japan_n observe_v they_o term_v they_o the_o wind_n over_o the_o land_n 19_o the_o motion_n by_o which_o they_o sail_v from_o the_o phillippine_n isle_n or_o china_n to_o aquaepulco_n in_o america_n viz._n the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v in_o june_n july_n and_o august_n but_o they_o be_v very_o weak_a except_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n now_o they_o be_v the_o south-west_n wind_n but_o they_o avoid_v the_o torrid_a zone_n and_o choose_v the_o coast_n of_o america_n septentrional_n be_v to_o shun_v the_o wind_n that_o be_v general_a from_o the_o east_n which_o yet_o then_o be_v less_o vehement_a this_o therefore_o must_v be_v know_v in_o general_a that_o the_o occidental_a motion_n or_o west_n wind_n be_v more_o weak_a than_o the_o oriental_a because_o that_o these_o be_v help_v by_o a_o general_a wind_n but_o these_o be_v diminish_v by_o it_o 20._o in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n a_o south_n and_o south-west_n motion_n reign_v in_o july_n august_n and_o october_n but_o if_o that_o these_o wind_n be_v change_v into_o a_o oriental_a motion_n they_o never_o present_o return_v to_o the_o south_n but_o first_o to_o the_o north_n hence_o when_o they_o have_v blow_v some_o day_n they_o return_v to_o the_o east_n and_o last_o to_o the_o south_n sometime_o the_o north-east_n be_v immediate_o change_v into_o the_o south-west_n sometime_o present_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n and_o that_o here_o be_v sufficient_o frequent_a so_o in_o the_o sea_n anniversary_n wind_n be_v more_o constant_a unto_o which_o i_o add_v those_o that_o be_v less_o constant_a and_o those_o which_o on_o the_o coast_n and_o also_o on_o maritimate_a place_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v anniversary_n proposition_n iu._n the_o etesian_a wind_n so_o term_v that_o be_v anniversary_n in_o grece_n proceed_v from_o rain_n and_o snow_n dissolve_v on_o the_o mountain_n proceed_v of_o etesian_a wind_n and_o from_o what_o they_o proceed_v the_o grecian_n observe_v a_o twofold_a kind_n of_o wind_n on_o every_o year_n which_o be_v state_v and_o term_v etesian_a wind_n viz._n 1._o those_o in_o the_o summer_n or_o canicular_a wind_n which_o they_o call_v by_o the_o general_n term_n etesiae_n because_o that_o they_o be_v more_o strong_a and_o sensible_a 2._o the_o winter_n wind_n which_o they_o call_v the_o chelidonii_n or_o ornithiae_n the_o canicular_a etesian_a wind_n be_v northern_a in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o begin_n of_o which_o to_o a_o certain_a writer_n do_v much_o differ_v when_o that_o aristotle_n have_v add_v that_o they_o blow_v after_o the_o summer_n solstice_n he_o mention_v nothing_o of_o the_o true_a time_n which_o certain_o be_v a_o very_a great_a negligence_n which_o at_o length_n he_o augment_v where_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o ornithiae_n he_o omit_v both_o the_o time_n and_o the_o quarter_n of_o these_o wind_n but_o those_o that_o have_v note_v the_o time_n of_o the_o etesian_a wind_n they_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o forerunner_n of_o they_o begin_v to_o blow_v either_o on_o the_o 6_o of_o july_n or_o on_o the_o 15_o of_o july_n at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog_n star_n now_o those_o wind_n blow_v 40_o day_n the_o whole_a space_n of_o the_o dog_n date_n and_o therefore_o end_v with_o the_o month_n of_o august_n but_o other_o extend_v they_o to_o september_n they_o only_o blow_v in_o the_o day_n and_o cease_v in_o the_o night_n therefore_o mariner_n former_o call_v they_o the_o sleepy_a and_o delicate_a wind_n the_o cause_n of_o these_o wind_n questionless_a be_v the_o dissolve_v of_o the_o snow_n cause_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o northern_a mountain_n which_o at_o that_o time_n be_v very_o great_a by_o reason_n that_o now_o for_o divers_a month_n together_o almost_o he_o have_v continual_o shine_v on_o those_o mountain_n without_o any_o set_n and_o with_o this_o cause_n it_o apt_o agree_v that_o the_o etesian_a wind_n cease_v on_o the_o night_n because_o that_o then_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n cease_v or_o at_o least_o be_v lesser_a than_o the_o generation_n of_o the_o wind_n require_v because_o that_o the_o sun_n than_o be_v over_o or_o near_o the_o horizon_n or_o else_o set_v whole_o the_o same_o northern_a canicular_a wind_n be_v not_o only_o in_o greece_n but_o also_o in_o thrace_n macedonia_n the_o aegean_a sea_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o same_o all_o which_o region_n be_v sometime_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a term_n of_o greece_n yea_o in_o egypt_n also_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o wind_n which_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o former_a proposition_n blow_v in_o congo_n situate_a beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la that_o that_o wind_n that_o blow_v from_o the_o north_n between_o march_n and_o september_n be_v the_o same_o with_o these_o etesian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n or_o at_o least_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n as_o also_o that_o north_n wind_n which_o we_o have_v say_v blow_v in_o the_o same_o month_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o guzurat_n from_o march_n to_o september_n these_o i_o say_v we_o ought_v to_o determine_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o dissolve_a snow_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o asia_n term_v the_o sarmatian_a mountain_n and_o the_o girdle_n of_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o we_o reckon_v it_o among_o the_o motion_n the_o second_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n be_v the_o chelidonian_a which_o they_o relate_v to_o begin_v after_o winter_n but_o have_v not_o note_v the_o day_n 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sea_n and_o the_o like_a be_v in_o guzurat_n but_o for_o very_a many_o month_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o blow_v in_o congo_n and_o guzurat_n in_o september_n it_o continue_v even_o to_o march_n the_o anniversary_n wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n which_o they_o call_v ornithia_n or_o the_o bridge_n wind_n this_o they_o say_v blow_v after_o the_o vernal_a aequinox_n the_o sun_n ascend_v to_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o the_o european_n proposition_n v._o why_o the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o italy_n france_n germany_n persia_n and_o other_o region_n especial_o see_v that_o they_o be_v more_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n from_o whence_o we_o assert_v the_o etesian_a wind_n of_o the_o grecian_n congo_n and_o guzurat_n do_v arise_v and_o blow_v mountain_n the_o etesian_a wind_n blow_v not_o in_o all_o region_n though_o near_o the_o northern_a mountain_n the_o question_n be_v of_o no_o small_a moment_n and_o i_o wish_v that_o we_o have_v more_o accurate_a observation_n concern_v this_o 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to_o all_o place_n for_o although_o by_o accident_n it_o happen_v that_o it_o be_v not_o discern_v in_o all_o place_n viz._n because_o other_o wind_n blow_v more_o strong_a yet_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o some_o the_o cause_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o place_n cite_v 2._o on_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n and_o part_n of_o chili_n and_o to_o the_o adjacent_a sea_n the_o south_n wind_n be_v almost_o perpetual_a and_o his_o collateral_a wind_n at_o the_o west_n it_o begin_v at_o the_o 46_o deg_fw-la of_o latitude_n and_o blow_v to_o panama_n the_o american_n isthmus_n and_o cause_v that_o in_o few_o day_n ship_n arrive_v from_o lima_n at_o panama_n lade_v with_o gold_n silver_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o require_v many_o day_n sail_n from_o panama_n to_o lima._n but_o this_o wind_n blow_v not_o in_o the_o sea_n remote_a from_o the_o coast_n of_o peru_n it_o be_v difficult_a to_o render_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o wind_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o south_n land_n from_o whence_o it_o seem_v to_o blow_v be_v not_o yet_o know_v unto_o we_o yet_o i_o think_v it_o probable_a that_o because_o that_o mountain_n be_v find_v in_o it_o cover_v with_o perpetual_a snow_n therefore_o the_o wind_n be_v generate_v from_o a_o continual_a resolution_n of_o they_o but_o i_o will_v not_o infect_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n with_o these_o my_o suspicion_n or_o conjecture_n for_o peradventure_o the_o snow_n which_o be_v find_v all_o the_o year_n long_o in_o the_o high_a mountain_n at_o the_o strait_n of_o magellan_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o these_o wind_n but_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o those_o mountain_n lie_v from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o west_n decline_v from_o the_o south_n wherefore_o we_o shall_v leave_v this_o to_o a_o more_o diligent_a inquisition_n or_o a_o more_o full_a knowledge_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n 3._o at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o land_n of_o magellan_n or_o del_n fugo_n about_o the_o straight_a le_fw-fr mair_n continual_a or_o at_o least_o very_a frequent_a western_o wind_n do_v blow_n and_o that_o with_o that_o force_n that_o they_o make_v the_o tree_n to_o bend_v towards_o the_o east_n from_o their_o perpendicular_a rectitude_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o those_o occidental_a wind_n so_o often_o blow_v but_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o strait_n le_fw-fr mair_n at_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o south_n land_n the_o south_n wind_n blow_v i_o can_v render_v no_o other_o cause_n of_o those_o occidental_a wind_n but_o that_o i_o suppose_v they_o to_o be_v raise_v from_o snow_n and_o cloud_n in_o the_o south_n continent_n which_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o side_n of_o that_o occidental_a streight_n from_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o north._n but_o these_o be_v doubtful_a and_o more_o diligent_o to_o be_v inquire_v after_o 4._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n of_o india_n for_o almost_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o north_n and_o north-east_n wind_n blow_v the_o cause_n proceed_v from_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o snow_n of_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o asiatic_a sarmatia_n viz._n imaus_n or_o caucasus_n from_o the_o cloud_n on_o the_o other_o mountain_n of_o asia_n which_o be_v collect_v and_o press_v the_o subject_n air._n 5._o in_o the_o sea_n near_o to_o guinea_n the_o north_n west_n wind_n be_v frequent_a and_o in_o the_o remote_a sea_n the_o north_n east_n 6._o in_o the_o middle_a passage_n between_o japan_n and_o liampo_n a_o maritimate_a city_n of_o china_n even_o unto_o these_o be_v find_v occidental_a wind_n which_o blow_n in_o japan_n in_o november_n and_o december_n 7._o at_o the_o isle_n guotou_n not_o far_o from_o the_o isle_n do_v cavallos_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o china_n be_v a_o frequent_a south_n wind_n when_o that_o yet_o in_o the_o neighbour_a ocean_n a_o north_n wind_n be_v predominate_v proposition_n vii_o unto_o these_o periodical_a or_o state_a wind_n appertain_v those_o also_o that_o be_v term_v day_n wind_n which_o in_o some_o region_n and_o at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n blow_v for_o some_o hour_n every_o day_n call_v of_o day_n wind_n so_o call_v now_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v twofold_a and_o that_o only_a in_o some_o maritimate_a place_n for_o some_o blow_n from_o mediterranean_a place_n to_o the_o shore_n towards_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n 1._o on_o the_o malabarian_a coast_n in_o the_o summer_n season_n viz._n from_o september_n to_o april_n the_o terrestrial_a wind_n or_o terrinhos_n do_v blow_n from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n now_o these_o wind_n be_v eastern_a wind_n but_o from_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n to_o the_o twelve_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n the_o sea_n wind_n or_o viraconus_n to_o wit_n the_o west_n wind_n blow_v but_o this_o be_v very_o weak_a so_o that_o by_o its_o assistance_n the_o ship_n can_v hardly_o arrive_v at_o the_o shoar_n i_o 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testify_v contrariwise_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n november_n and_o december_n it_o shall_v be_v winter_n because_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v about_o the_o beginning_n and_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n be_v most_o remote_a from_o the_o vertex_fw-la of_o those_o place_n here_o therefore_o the_o time_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n do_v much_o differ_v from_o the_o celestial_a season_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o these_o rain_n storm_n and_o thunder_n at_o that_o time_n in_o those_o place_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o near_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v explicate_v but_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o day_n time_n force_v up_o many_o vapour_n from_o the_o sea_n and_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n from_o the_o land_n of_o guiny_n which_o vapour_n be_v condense_v by_o the_o cool_a of_o the_o night_n cause_n the_o rain_n especial_o when_o no_o continual_a wind_n blow_v in_o these_o place_n which_o may_v discuss_v the_o vapour_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n here_o be_v a_o calm_a some_o storm_n except_v and_o these_o month_n of_o rain_n which_o they_o attribute_v to_o winter_n be_v not_o cold_a but_o hot_a because_o no_o wind_n blow_v and_o the_o sun_n be_v vertical_a yea_o the_o heat_n be_v suffocative_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o shortness_n of_o respiration_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o although_o the_o field_n be_v barren_a of_o grain_n in_o these_o watery_a month_n yet_o the_o tree_n and_o bush_n be_v in_o their_o verdure_n all_o the_o year_n and_o bear_v fruit._n the_o day_n be_v here_o equal_a to_o the_o night_n almost_o throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o sun_n in_o the_o east_n rise_v at_o six_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o set_v in_o the_o west_n at_o six_o in_o the_o evening_n but_o the_o easterly_a or_o westerly_a sun_n be_v seldom_o conspicuous_a there_o because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o arise_v involve_v with_o cloud_n for_o half_a a_o hour_n and_o half_a a_o hour_n before_o he_o set_v he_o be_v again_o envelop_v with_o cloud_n that_o also_o deserve_v consideration_n why_o in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n and_o august_n the_o same_o rain_n and_o storm_n rage_v not_o there_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v then_o as_o equal_o nigh_o to_o those_o place_n as_o in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n and_o june_n moreover_o why_o in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o hesperide_n which_o be_v not_o so_o far_o remove_v from_o sierra_n leon_n and_o guiny_n the_o winter_n fall_v out_o in_o contrary_a month_n 3._o how_o the_o time_n of_o the_o season_n be_v in_o the_o interior_a or_o mediterranean_a part_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v include_v in_o the_o arch_n of_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n the_o region_n of_o the_o occidental_a shore_n and_o guiny_n or_o the_o land_n of_o the_o negro_n concern_v which_o i_o have_v find_v nothing_o as_o yet_o note_v but_o that_o all_o those_o place_n be_v almost_o sterile_a except_o those_o adjacent_a to_o the_o river_n niger_n for_o that_o river_n every_o year_n in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n overflow_v and_o communicate_v much_o fertility_n to_o those_o land_n and_o moreover_o form_v many_o lake_n the_o other_o place_n confine_v on_o lybia_n be_v infest_a with_o violent_a heat_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n sandy_n the_o watery_a month_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o bear_v sway_n here_o after_o the_o same_o mode_n as_o in_o guiny_n 4._o now_o follow_v the_o region_n of_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o tongue_n of_o africa_n which_o be_v stretch_v from_o the_o north_n towards_o the_o south_n and_o regard_v the_o west_n the_o region_n be_v manicongo_n angola_n and_o the_o like_a from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n even_o to_o the_o tropic_a south_n of_o capricorn_n beyond_o the_o aequator_fw-la now_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n begin_v from_o the_o second_o degree_n of_o south_n latitude_n the_o winter_n in_o these_o place_n be_v like_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o vernal_a season_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o rome_n in_o italy_n the_o heat_n temperate_a so_o that_o they_o alter_v their_o garment_n in_o no_o time_n of_o the_o year_n neither_o be_v the_o top_n of_o the_o adjacent_a mountain_n infest_a with_o cold_a here_o almost_o with_o our_o spring_n the_o watery_a winter_n begin_v and_o continue_v april_n may_n june_n july_n august_n and_o good_a part_n of_o september_n at_o that_o time_n the_o summer_n begin_v which_o possess_v the_o other_o month_n even_o to_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n even_o in_o this_o summer_n they_o have_v no_o rain_n or_o at_o least_o very_a little_a and_o seldom_o have_v a_o continual_a serenity_n but_o in_o the_o watery_a month_n the_o sun_n be_v scarce_o to_o be_v see_v on_o any_o day_n perpetual_a cloud_n and_o rain_n so_o obstruct_v the_o air_n also_o frequent_a travado_n or_o storm_n it_o do_v not_o rain_v whole_a day_n but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n hour_n before_o and_o two_o hour_n after_o noon_n great_a drop_n fall_v which_o be_v soon_o receive_v by_o the_o droughty_a earth_n therefore_o although_o the_o inhabitant_n divide_v the_o year_n only_o into_o two_o part_n it_o may_v be_v distribute_v into_o four_o our_o common_a people_n also_o do_v usual_o divide_v the_o year_n into_o summer_n and_o winter_n because_o the_o spring_n be_v comprise_v in_o the_o summer_n and_o the_o autumn_n in_o the_o winter_n these_o time_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a season_n in_o these_o place_n almost_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n for_o from_o the_o 25_o of_o march_n april_n may_n june_n july_n august_n to_o the_o 25_o of_o september_n the_o sun_n depart_v from_o those_o place_n to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n where_o he_o be_v most_o remote_a from_o they_o the_o 21_o of_o june_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n he_o approach_v again_o to_o they_o so_o that_o on_o the_o 30_o of_o september_n he_o become_v vertical_a to_o they_o and_o go_v to_o a_o moderate_a distance_n towards_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o return_v from_o thence_o in_o the_o month_n of_o october_n november_n december_n january_n and_o february_n so_o that_o in_o march_n he_o again_o become_v vertical_a therefore_o in_o those_o month_n they_o have_v a_o summer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o effect_n be_v not_o here_o hinder_v by_o a_o terestrial_a cause_n and_o then_o again_o in_o the_o month_n from_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n they_o have_v winter_n because_o then_o the_o sun_n be_v more_o remove_v from_o they_o but_o the_o time_n of_o the_o spring_n autumn_n summer_n and_o winter_n which_o we_o have_v assign_v do_v not_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o celestial_a course_n and_o i_o doubt_v whether_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n may_v be_v distinguish_v into_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n in_o those_o place_n therefore_o here_o a_o more_o easy_a cause_n may_v be_v render_v why_o in_o those_o month_n from_o the_o 10_o of_o march_n to_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o quotidian_a rain_n and_o some_o kind_n of_o winter_n viz._n because_o the_o sun_n depart_v from_o their_o vertex_fw-la towards_o the_o place_n of_o the_o great_a distance_n but_o this_o cause_n be_v not_o only_o sufficient_a because_o it_o be_v not_o able_a of_o its_o self_n to_o produce_v such_o a_o effect_n but_o another_o must_v be_v add_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v not_o far_o from_o these_o maritime_a place_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v discern_v in_o those_o watery_a month_n to_o be_v continual_o cover_v with_o snow_n wind._n the_o wind_n be_v the_o northwest_n wind._n and_o this_o be_v cause_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o fix_a wind_n which_o in_o these_o month_n there_o blow_v therefore_o the_o sun_n elevate_v the_o vapour_n very_o much_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o this_o fix_a wind_n force_v they_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v condense_v and_o then_o turn_v to_o rain_v and_o from_o the_o rain_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o mountain_n spring_v the_o inundation_n of_o the_o nile_n and_o other_o river_n of_o africa_n moreover_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o these_o watery_a month_n the_o river_n of_o congo_n overflow_v the_o adjacent_a field_n which_o cause_v great_a fertility_n in_o they_o and_o also_o disgorge_v great_a quantity_n of_o water_n into_o the_o sea_n 5._o in_o the_o maritime_a region_n lowango_n adjacent_a to_o congo_n there_o be_v also_o observe_v to_o be_v rainy_n month_n and_o other_o month_n of_o summer_n that_o be_v serene_a but_o that_o which_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v be_v that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o those_o in_o which_o we_o say_v the_o rain_n do_v wax_n vigorous_a in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n february_n march_n and_o april_n when_o yet_o it_o be_v summer_n and_o a_o serene_a air_n in_o january_n and_o
that_o in_o those_o month_n it_o rain_v not_o but_o almost_o every_o day_n the_o cloud_n appear_v so_o thick_a as_o if_o it_o will_v immediate_o rain_v but_o there_o fall_v only_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o dew_n and_o that_o especial_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n yet_o this_o mist_n be_v not_o unwholesome_a but_o be_v condenfed_a into_o dew_n and_o fall_v it_o irrigate_v the_o valley_n it_o do_v not_o rain_n at_o this_o time_n in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n but_o be_v a_o serene_a season_n this_o maritime_a peru_n be_v distinguish_v into_o valley_n and_o sandy_a place_n the_o valley_n be_v abundant_o fertile_a the_o sandy_a place_n which_o be_v between_o every_o valley_n be_v sterile_a also_o in_o the_o adjacent_a island_n it_o never_o rain_v but_o a_o dew_n only_o fall_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o gorgon_n which_o be_v remove_v three_o degree_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o south_n it_o rain_v for_o eight_o month_n almost_o continual_o with_o so_o great_a thunder_n and_o storm_n not_o to_o be_v parallel_v in_o may_n june_n july_n and_o august_n it_o be_v summer_n and_o dry_a contrary_a to_o the_o celestial_a course_n in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o torrid_a zone_n it_o be_v very_o cold_a for_o in_o the_o province_n of_o pastoa_n in_o the_o valley_n airssina_n both_o in_o summer_n and_o winter_n the_o season_n be_v very_o cold_a so_o that_o the_o fruit_n increase_v not_o in_o the_o region_n of_o cusco_n which_o lie_v almost_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o the_o tropic_a of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la hard_a frost_n and_o snow_n be_v also_o find_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v collect_v that_o peru_n be_v parch_v with_o no_o violent_a heat_n but_o rather_o enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n except_v its_o sandy_a place_n and_o hill_n but_o the_o valley_n be_v most_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a abound_v with_o tree_n and_o fruit_n their_o water_n they_o receive_v in_o the_o winter_n from_o the_o dew_n which_o i_o have_v say_v fall_v every_o day_n but_o in_o the_o summer_n from_o the_o flood_n which_o descend_v and_o rush_v from_o the_o mountain_n because_o in_o the_o mountainous_a region_n it_o be_v then_o winter_n and_o rain_v and_o from_o these_o torrent_n the_o inhabitant_n conduct_v the_o water_n by_o certain_a convoyance_n into_o the_o valley_n yet_o some_o valley_n be_v content_a only_o with_o the_o dew_n and_o yet_o produce_v abundance_n of_o fruit._n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n between_o the_o season_n of_o the_o mountainous_a and_o the_o plain_a peru_n and_o why_o it_o never_o rain_v in_o the_o level_a peru_n be_v difficult_a to_o declare_v for_o these_o mountainous_a part_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o level_n maritime_a peru_n that_o any_o one_o in_o the_o morning_n descend_v from_o these_o pluvial_a and_o rage_a shower_n in_o the_o evening_n may_v arrive_v at_o the_o level_a peruvia_n where_o there_o be_v no_o rain_n but_o a_o serene_a air._n the_o cause_n seem_v to_o be_v twofold_a first_o those_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o second_o a_o south-west_n wind_n which_o be_v proper_a and_o perpetual_a to_o peru._n therefore_o this_o wind_n force_v the_o vapour_n towards_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v conderise_v so_o that_o the_o cloud_n may_v not_o destil_n their_o drop_n in_o the_o level_a peru_n but_o in_o the_o mountainous_a place_n they_o be_v attract_v after_o the_o mode_n which_o we_o have_v explain_v concern_v mountain_n therefore_o peru_n have_v this_o in_o common_a with_o egypt_n and_o some_o other_o place_n that_o the_o south_n wind_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o rain_n and_o warmth_n but_o rather_o a_o clear_n the_o air_n although_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v place_n in_o all_o the_o place_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la 17._o the_o south_n part_n of_o america_n viz._n brazilia_n be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o excel_v with_o a_o wholesome_a disposition_n of_o the_o air_n so_o that_o it_o give_v place_n unto_o no_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n concern_v its_o season_n the_o inhabit_a front_n of_o it_o receive_v the_o subsolan_n wind_n which_o refresh_v man_n and_o beast_n and_o free_v they_o from_o the_o intolerable_a heat_n of_o the_o vertical_a sun_n which_o if_o it_o approach_v the_o sea_n be_v discover_v in_o the_o morning_n if_o it_o depat_v from_o thence_o it_o be_v discern_v more_o after_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o morning_n season_n see_v piso_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr medicina_fw-la braziliensi_fw-la concern_v the_o season_n neither_o do_v it_o languish_v about_o the_o evening_n it_o be_v wont_v do_v do_v so_o in_o many_o part_n of_o india_n but_o it_o be_v so_o intense_a by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o it_o be_v vigorous_a beyond_o midnight_n and_o the_o nocturnal_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n can_v easy_o dull_v or_o overcome_v that_o dilation_n and_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o air._n but_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v separate_v from_o peru_n by_o high_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n and_o vast_a space_n although_o it_o be_v infest_a with_o a_o unwholesome_a west_n wind_n and_o a_o mediterranean_a gale_n at_o midnight_n yet_o it_o be_v every_o where_o encompass_v with_o mountain_n near_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v so_o drive_v from_o the_o matutine_v gale_n that_o it_o can_v hardly_o penetrate_v to_o the_o sh_n as_o in_o these_o most_o delectable_a and_o constant_a season_n of_o the_o year_n there_o be_v no_o great_a mutation_n so_o they_o happen_v in_o the_o day_n and_o night_n season_v more_o evident_o because_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v not_o more_o equal_a in_o space_n than_o different_a in_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o the_o sun_n ascend_v high_a after_o it_o have_v open_v the_o pore_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o man_n it_o hide_v itself_o more_o profound_o and_o that_o by_o a_o equal_a interval_n whence_o the_o great_a condensation_n of_o the_o air_n effect_n the_o more_o extreme_a rorifluous_a part_n of_o the_o night_n hence_o a_o penetrate_a cold_a from_o the_o three_o hour_n of_o the_o night_n even_o to_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o sun_n strike_v the_o body_n so_o that_o that_o this_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v very_o noxious_a to_o those_o that_o be_v new_a comer_n into_o the_o land_n which_o he_o that_o shun_v not_o will_v hardly_o lead_v a_o good_a life_n in_o these_o or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n the_o brazilian_o therefore_o very_o cautious_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n in_o their_o habitation_n and_o near_o their_o rest_a place_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o which_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o endure_v cold_a and_o drive_v away_o venomous_a infect_v moreover_o the_o direct_a ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o sun_n cause_v the_o short_a crepusculas_fw-la and_o make_v the_o night_n so_o even_o to_o the_o day_n that_o a_o hour_n difference_n can_v hardly_o be_v find_v the_o cold_a be_v more_o in_o the_o summer_n night_n than_o in_o the_o winter_n which_o be_v to_o be_v admire_v at_o and_o it_o be_v more_o mild_o discover_v in_o the_o latter_a than_o in_o the_o former_a the_o air_n be_v tranquillous_a the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wet_a season_n be_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n or_o april_n and_o be_v finish_v in_o august_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n return_v from_o cancer_n in_o part_n dissolve_v the_o matter_n of_o the_o rain_n into_o wind_n whence_o immediate_o proceed_v storm_n and_o tempest_n which_o by_o and_o by_o the_o spring_n season_n calm_o compose_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o tropic_n know_v no_o mutation_n about_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o sun_n twice_o come_v towards_o and_o depart_v back_o as_o many_o suppose_a but_o only_o go_v away_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n or_o capricorn_n there_o be_v only_o two_o time_n of_o the_o year_n whereof_o one_o be_v dry_a and_o hot_a call_v summer_n the_o other_o hot_a and_o moist_a like_a to_o summer_n with_o we_o in_o europe_n which_o suppli_v the_o place_n of_o winter_n and_o this_o be_v find_v most_o true_a in_o all_o the_o indies_n between_o both_o tropic_n for_o although_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o the_o winter_n and_o summer_n season_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o particular_a incidence_n of_o the_o place_n and_o also_o for_o the_o great_a or_o lesser_a vicinity_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la do_v not_o happen_v in_o the_o same_o yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o year_n be_v accomplish_v in_o about_o six_o month_n incline_v to_o humidity_n and_o six_o to_o siccity_n and_o on_o that_o account_n as_o in_o the_o place_n of_o many_o city_n of_o asia_n and_o africa_n of_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o we_o there_o be_v thence_o a_o great_a remission_n of_o the_o heat_n our_o here_o be_v little_o perceive_v although_o the_o sun_n pass_v the_o zenith_n of_o
latter_a or_o other_o extension_n shall_v be_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o globe_n because_o it_o be_v long_o than_o the_o former_a extension_n as_o return_v into_o itself_o and_o be_v the_o periphery_a of_o the_o whole_a circle_n other_o render_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o appellation_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o lesser_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v know_v to_o the_o ancient_n from_o pole_n to_o pole_n the_o great_a from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n place_n concern_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o of_o place_n moreover_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o globe_n we_o may_v take_v any_o semipeniphery_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n and_o his_o perpendicular_a for_o the_o extension_n of_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o we_o may_v do_v the_o same_o also_o on_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o because_o it_o be_v better_a for_o memory_n if_o that_o the_o periphery_n be_v assume_v who_o bound_n or_o self_n those_o periphery_n before_o the_o other_o periphery_n which_o have_v somewhat_o peculiar_a in_o the_o superficies_n therefore_o in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o extension_n of_o latitude_n some_o one_o periphery_n be_v deserve_o take_v draw_v among_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o because_o no_o other_o periphery_n be_v perpendicular_a to_o this_o periphery_a which_o may_v pass_v together_o through_o its_o medium_fw-la except_o the_o line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la therefore_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o must_v be_v take_v for_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_o explain_v for_o what_o reason_n the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n between_o the_o pole_n be_v measure_v for_o longitude_n by_o the_o assume_v line_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la this_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v not_o be_v confound_v with_o the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n in_o the_o earth_n therefore_o they_o be_v express_v by_o the_o same_o term_n because_o the_o latitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o and_o be_v part_n of_o it_o but_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n or_o point_n be_v take_v in_o the_o periphery_a of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la itself_o and_o its_o parallel_n yet_o this_o be_v a_o improper_a acceptation_n of_o the_o term_n because_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n proper_o as_o have_v be_v say_v only_o agree_v to_o the_o figure_n and_o superficies_n but_o a_o point_n have_v neither_o latitude_n nor_o longitude_n and_o therefore_o this_o different_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n aught_o to_o be_v observe_v because_o they_o be_v so_o frequent_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o read_n of_o geographer_n viz._n the_o use_n and_o acceptation_n otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o france_n spain_n and_o the_o like_a because_o then_o the_o word_n be_v take_v in_o their_o proper_a signification_n for_o it_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o france_n or_o spain_n and_o so_o longitude_n then_o signify_v the_o outmost_a or_o long_a extension_n but_o latitude_n the_o short_a which_o acceptation_n do_v agree_v with_o that_o wherein_o we_o say_v before_o that_o so_o much_o latitude_n and_o so_o much_o longitude_n must_v be_v assign_v to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o signification_n be_v otherwise_o when_o we_o say_v the_o latitude_n or_o longitude_n of_o this_o place_n if_o by_o place_n we_o understand_v any_o point_n city_n or_o famous_a place_n because_o then_o latitude_n denote_v the_o distance_n of_o the_o place_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o longitude_n its_o distance_n from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n and_o indeed_o in_o my_o judgement_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o confusion_n longitude_n the_o author_n judgement_n about_o the_o word_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n it_o be_v better_a to_o abstain_v from_o the_o use_n of_o these_o word_n longitude_n and_o latitude_n and_o to_o use_v these_o in_o their_o stead_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o meridian_n but_o see_v that_o for_o so_o many_o age_n this_o have_v be_v receive_v therefore_o it_o will_v be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o abolish_v it_o wherefore_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n i_o shall_v also_o use_v the_o say_a term_n latitude_n and_o longitude_n moreover_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n as_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v some_o note_a point_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o numeration_n viz._n the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n because_o it_o be_v extend_v about_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v no_o certain_a beginning_n or_o end_n but_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n be_v every_o where_o because_o the_o periphery_n be_v like_a to_o a_o infinite_a line_n wherefore_o any_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o meridian_n pass_v through_o that_o point_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n from_o whence_o the_o meridian_n of_o all_o the_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v number_v or_o the_o longitude_n of_o they_o calculate_v now_o why_o we_o require_v these_o two_o distance_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o earth_n viz._n one_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o other_o from_o a_o certain_a meridian_n shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o three_o proposition_n proposition_n ii_o to_o place_n and_o determinate_a the_o first_o meridian_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o numeration_n for_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a proposition_n that_o every_o point_n of_o the_o aequator_fw-la may_v be_v take_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o extension_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o longitude_n 1._o see_v proposition_n 1._o and_o that_o from_o its_o meridian_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n must_v be_v reckon_v but_o because_o we_o can_v take_v all_o at_o once_o it_o be_v better_a to_o fix_v one_o beginning_n or_o to_o choose_v some_o certain_a point_n but_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o choice_n of_o person_n therefore_o geographer_n have_v take_v a_o certain_a place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o the_o first_o meridian_n shall_v be_v draw_v and_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o aequator_fw-la where_o it_o cut_v it_o this_o beginning_n of_o reckon_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n but_o all_o have_v not_o take_v the_o same_o place_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n but_o divers_a ptolemy_n have_v take_v that_o near_a to_o the_o fortunate_a island_n which_o he_o remove_v but_o only_o one_o deg_fw-la from_o the_o first_o and_o hence_o towards_o the_o oriental_a quarter_n through_o africa_n and_o asia_n he_o reckon_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o meridian_n ptolemy_n the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n for_o see_v it_o be_v less_o free_a to_o place_v a_o beginning_n the_o ancient_n choose_v rather_o to_o have_v a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o they_o know_v be_v inhabit_v which_o portion_n do_v not_o return_v into_o itself_o as_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o therefore_o in_o that_o portion_n or_o part_n a_o beginning_n of_o longitude_n and_o end_n may_v be_v assign_v in_o another_o point_n because_o therefore_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolemy_n the_o fortunate_a isle_n where_o the_o ultimate_a one_o in_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n of_o all_o the_o earth_n or_o land_n then_o know_v therefore_o from_o that_o bound_n ptolemy_n begin_v to_o reckon_v the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o have_v go_v forward_o to_o the_o oriental_a region_n he_o make_v the_o end_n of_o his_o numeration_n of_o the_o meridian_n in_o sina_n the_o ultimate_a shoar_n of_o asia_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n many_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v inhabit_a towards_o the_o occid_n and_o america_n be_v discover_v than_o some_o geographer_n promote_v the_o beginning_n of_o numeration_n of_o longitude_n towards_o the_o occid_n for_o some_o make_v the_o first_o meridian_n at_o the_o isle_n of_o st._n nicholas_n adjacent_a to_o cape_n verd_fw-mi in_o africa_n but_o hondius_n choose_v the_o isle_n of_o st._n james_n in_o his_o map_n other_o the_o longitude_n of_o place_n where_o begin_v by_o hondius_n mercator_n and_o other_o some_o choose_v the_o meridian_n of_o one_o of_o the_o island_n of_o the_o azore_n which_o be_v call_v del_n corvo_n for_o the_o first_o meridian_n because_o that_o in_o this_o isle_n and_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n the_o magnetic_a needle_n be_v find_v to_o have_v no_o declination_n from_o the_o meridian_n line_n and_o that_o it_o show_v the_o northern_a and_o southern_a quarter_n mercator_n
place_n and_o situation_n and_o therefore_o very_a unlike_o figure_n arise_v thence_o in_o the_o table_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o we_o attribute_v to_o it_o without_o the_o earth_n or_o without_o that_o part_n which_o it_o ought_v to_o represent_v there_o arise_v a_o various_a representation_n of_o that_o superficies_n on_o the_o table_n for_o as_o there_o exi_v another_o sort_n of_o frontispiece_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o a_o house_n when_o the_o eye_n may_v behold_v it_o from_o a_o situation_n direct_o opposite_a another_o from_o a_o oblique_a situation_n another_o from_o a_o upper_a place_n another_o from_o a_o long_a place_n and_o so_o change_v according_a to_o the_o various_a situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o tutor_n may_v explain_v by_o diagram_n so_o there_o arise_v a_o different_a position_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v represent_v on_o the_o table_n if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v so_o constitute_v or_o conceive_v in_o the_o air_n in_o such_o a_o situation_n that_o it_o may_v hang_v over_o the_o aequator_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o otherwise_o if_o that_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o exist_v in_o the_o pretend_a axis_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o in_o the_o semi-axis_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o otherwise_o if_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v eminent_a over_o any_o other_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n thence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o both_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o the_o parallel_n as_o well_o as_o the_o meridian_n obtain_v various_a representation_n because_o the_o ray_n draw_v from_o they_o exist_v in_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o eye_n perforate_v the_o table_n in_o divers_a point_n endue_v with_o a_o various_a situation_n which_o the_o reader_n may_v easy_o understand_v profitable_a the_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n very_o profitable_a if_o that_o they_o have_v the_o live_a information_n and_o direction_n of_o a_o tutor_n the_o other_o which_o i_o esteem_v fit_a for_o the_o reader_n consideration_n in_o this_o method_n for_o his_o better_a understanding_n be_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o variety_n in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o table_n and_o representation_n for_o we_o can_v show_v the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o world_n as_o temple_n house_n and_o the_o like_a on_o a_o great_a or_o small_a table_n the_o cause_n be_v twofold_a first_o by_o how_o much_o the_o eye_n be_v place_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o object_n by_o so_o much_o the_o representation_n receive_v the_o lesser_a magnitude_n ziz_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n so_o remain_v 2._o how_o much_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n in_o which_o the_o representation_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o perforation_n of_o the_o ray_n be_v near_o move_v to_o the_o eye_n by_o so_o much_o the_o representation_n or_o projecture_n receive_v the_o lesser_a form_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o to_o the_o object_n so_o much_o the_o great_a but_o if_o the_o eye_n may_v be_v remove_v in_o any_o kind_n from_o the_o object_n the_o table_n remain_v so_o that_o it_o be_v remove_v in_o the_o same_o line_n with_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o so_o that_o it_o remain_v in_o one_o perpendicular_a line_n to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o projecture_n be_v not_o change_v but_o only_o the_o magnitude_n the_o similitude_n remain_v so_o also_o if_o that_o the_o table_n be_v any_o way_n move_v to_o the_o eye_n or_o remove_v towards_o the_o object_n all_o the_o projecture_n do_v become_v of_o a_o divers_a magnitude_n yet_o they_o remain_v mutual_o alike_o and_o represent_v all_o the_o place_n in_o a_o like_a situation_n so_o that_o the_o table_n shall_v observe_v the_o parallel_n situate_v from_o the_o eye_n in_o his_o access_n and_o recess_n but_o if_o the_o table_n receive_v another_o position_n and_o also_o if_o the_o eye_n be_v not_o only_o remove_v but_o also_o recede_v from_o that_o perpendicular_a line_n than_o the_o like_a projecture_n shall_v not_o arise_v and_o the_o place_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o like_a situation_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o beside_o a_o various_a magnitude_n there_o shall_v also_o be_v a_o notable_a dissimilitude_n in_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o in_o the_o projecture_n of_o all_o body_n as_o also_o in_o the_o projecture_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v so_o wont_a to_o happen_v that_o we_o attribute_v such_o a_o situation_n to_o the_o table_n or_o glass_n that_o it_o may_v touch_v the_o body_n or_o superficies_n in_o that_o point_n to_o which_o the_o line_n draw_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o body_n or_o which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o eye_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n now_o to_o obtain_v the_o lesser_a or_o great_a projecture_n we_o remove_v the_o point_n of_o the_o eye_n more_o or_o less_o from_o the_o earth_n but_o then_o we_o conceive_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v very_o small_a this_o in_o general_a be_v explain_v concern_v the_o projecture_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o original_a of_o geographical_a map_n we_o shall_v show_v the_o method_n of_o do_v it_o where_o first_o we_o shall_v show_v whether_o these_o table_n shall_v be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n and_o whether_o all_o may_v be_v make_v according_a to_o they_o for_o the_o end_n of_o these_o table_n or_o map_n be_v to_o the_o life_n and_o exact_o as_o may_v be_v to_o express_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n in_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n therefore_o it_o be_v demand_v and_o that_o not_o unadvised_o whether_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o another_o method_n which_o observe_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n for_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n or_o contrary_a to_o they_o so_o that_o it_o exact_o represent_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o place_n the_o table_n shall_v be_v account_v to_o be_v well_o do_v to_o that_o i_o answer_v that_o although_o certain_a table_n of_o some_o small_a province_n may_v be_v make_v and_o be_v also_o make_v by_o another_o method_n to_o wit_n by_o angle_n of_o position_n or_o also_o by_o distance_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v in_o the_o last_o place_n yet_o in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o can_v be_v perform_v by_o a_o more_o commodious_a method_n than_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n although_o the_o true_a situation_n of_o the_o place_n may_v not_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o table_n make_v according_a to_o these_o rule_n map_n thing_n to_o be_v know_v about_o the_o make_n of_o these_o map_n for_o we_o must_v know_v that_o in_o make_v of_o these_o map_n we_o must_v attend_v to_o a_o threefold_a end_n 1._o that_o all_o the_o place_n must_v have_v such_o a_o situation_n and_o distance_n to_o the_o chief_a circle_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o aequator_fw-la the_o parallel_n the_o meridian_n as_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o so_o that_o from_o those_o table_n the_o parallel_n of_o every_o place_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la from_o the_o pole_n the_o zone_n the_o climate_n etc._n etc._n may_v be_v behold_v because_o that_o from_o thence_o many_o property_n of_o the_o region_n and_o celestial_a appearance_n do_v depend_v 2._o that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o every_o region_n may_v have_v that_o proportion_n that_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o 3._o that_o every_o place_n may_v have_v the_o same_o situation_n to_o the_o other_o mutual_o which_o they_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n itself_o of_o these_o three_o requisite_n all_o map_n or_o table_n ought_v exact_o to_o perform_v the_o first_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n exact_o do_v because_o they_o be_v make_v from_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n and_o longitude_n of_o place_n neither_o do_v the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n hinder_v the_o same_o but_o for_o the_o second_o they_o can_v accurate_o perform_v the_o same_o if_o that_o the_o rule_n of_o perspective_n be_v observe_v because_o the_o crooked_a path_n of_o the_o superficies_n be_v more_o remote_a from_o the_o eye_n make_v the_o representation_n lesser_a in_o the_o glass_n than_o those_o part_n subject_v to_o the_o eye_n but_o yet_o that_o inequality_n be_v small_a and_o become_v insensible_a if_o that_o the_o eye_n be_v conceive_v to_o be_v remote_a a_o infinite_a interval_n from_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o three_o requisite_a can_v be_v perform_v by_o no_o large_a table_n such_o be_v those_o of_o the_o whole_a earth_n also_o those_o of_o the_o 4_o quar_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o great_a province_n although_o they_o may_v accomplish_v it_o in_o the_o lesser_a region_n and_o the_o vulgar_a suppose_n
the_o danube_n northward_o about_o 2000_o which_o large_a extent_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o its_o ruin_n and_o declension_n roman_n the_o ancient_a roman_n the_o ancient_a roman_n be_v a_o gallant_a people_n of_o a_o sound_a judgement_n and_o a_o ready_a wit_n well_o skill_v in_o art_n and_o science_n very_o covetous_a of_o glory_n of_o great_a valour_n as_o by_o their_o subdue_a the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o world_n who_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o invader_n to_o sack_n and_o ruin_v country_n they_o teach_v the_o people_n manner_n literature_n etc._n etc._n the_o roman_n be_v the_o first_o that_o wear_v the_o purple_a robe_n and_o the_o beginner_n of_o triumph_n they_o have_v excellent_a and_o stately_a theater_n and_o it_o be_v hold_v no_o disreputation_n to_o be_v a_o actor_n commodity_n it_o be_v fertility_n and_o commodity_n this_o country_n be_v so_o exceed_o furnish_v with_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v find_v useful_a for_o man_n and_o the_o soil_n so_o rich_a and_o for_o tile_n in_o grain_n fruit_n rice_n etc._n etc._n in_o some_o place_n have_v threo_fw-la harvest_n in_o one_o year_n that_o it_o be_v esteem_v the_o garden_n of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a commodity_n for_o merchandise_n that_o this_o country_n yield_v be_v silk_n both_o raw_a and_o wrought_v into_o several_a fabric_n as_o satin_n taffity_n plush_n velvet_n cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n damask_n grogram_n rash_n fustian_n glass_n alom_n armour_n excellent_a wine_n oil_n saffron_n anni_fw-la seed_n argal_o brinistone_n several_a metal_n olive_n almond_n gall_n kids-skin_n lute_n string_n quicksilver_n aloe_n gold_n thread_n anchovy_n several_a drug_n etc._n etc._n italy_n the_o people_n of_o italy_n the_o italian_n be_v very_o ingenious_a respective_a and_o grave_n exceed_v malicious_a if_o affront_v much_o addict_v to_o woman_n which_o be_v here_o allow_v the_o liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o own_o they_o be_v general_o very_o jealous_a of_o their_o wife_n so_o that_o they_o be_v deny_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o street_n or_o the_o common_a view_n or_o society_n of_o man_n the_o woman_n be_v general_o handsome_a witty_a and_o of_o a_o seem_a modest_a behaviour_n it_o be_v observe_v of_o they_o that_o they_o be_v saint_n in_o the_o church_n angel_n in_o the_o street_n magpie_n at_o the_o door_n siren_n in_o the_o window_n and_o goat_n in_o the_o garden_n their_o language_n be_v very_o eloquent_a part_n it_o be_v chief_a part_n italy_n may_v be_v consider_v in_o three_o principal_a part_n viz._n lombardy_n italy_n particular_o so_o call_v and_o naples_n to_o which_o for_o a_o four_o may_v be_v add_v the_o neighbour_a isle_n in_o which_o say_v part_n be_v divers_a estate_n and_o dukedom_n all_o which_o be_v at_o large_a set_v down_o in_o the_o geographical_a table_n and_o of_o these_o part_n in_o order_n lombardy_n lombardy_n part_n of_o lombardy_n lombardy_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o high_a and_o low_a in_o the_o high_a be_v the_o estate_n of_o piedmont_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n of_o milan_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o catholic_n king_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o genes_n or_o genoa_n and_o of_o montferrat_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o mantova_n yet_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n have_v some_o part_n thereof_o and_o in_o the_o low_a lombardy_n be_v the_o estate_n of_o venice_n of_o mantova_n parma_n and_o modena_n which_o have_v their_o duke_n and_o of_o trent_n which_o have_v its_o bishop_n and_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o lombardy_n be_v several_a small_a estate_n among_o which_o be_v that_o of_o mirandola_n the_o estate_n of_o piedmont_n wash_v by_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n be_v exceed_v fertile_a though_o inferior_a to_o other_o part_n of_o lombardy_n it_o be_v divide_v betwixt_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o mantova_n the_o river_n tener_n separate_v their_o possession_n it_o be_v very_o populous_a number_v about_o 160_o wall_a city_n and_o town_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a be_v turin_n places_z chief_z places_z which_o be_v the_o palace_n and_o court_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n it_o be_v also_o dignify_v with_o the_o see_v of_o a_o archbishop_n and_o a_o university_n where_o the_o famous_a erasmus_n proceed_v dr._n of_o divinity_n 2._o aoste_n or_o avost_n seat_v on_o the_o northern_a limit_n of_o the_o country_n 3._o verceili_fw-la a_o town_n of_o great_a strength_n border_v on_o milan_n to_o which_o it_o do_v once_o belong_v 4._o saluzzo_n a_o marquisate_n and_o bishop_n see_n 5._o nizza_fw-it or_o nice_a a_o seaport_n town_n and_o serve_v for_o turin_n and_o 6._o asti._n and_o since_o we_o have_v before_o omit_v it_o before_o we_o pass_v further_o let_v we_o repass_v the_o alps_n and_o speak_v of_o the_o territory_n of_o this_o duke_n on_o this_o side_n which_o be_v the_o country_n of_o savoy_n from_o whence_o he_o bear_v his_o title_n savoy_n country_n of_o savoy_n savoy_n adjoin_v to_o piedmont_n be_v a_o country_n very_o mountainous_a and_o full_a of_o narrow_a passage_n and_o consequent_o not_o very_o fertile_a it_o be_v chief_a city_n be_v chambery_n or_o cambreria_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n when_o he_o be_v in_o these_o part_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n among_o mountain_n which_o be_v well_o store_v with_o beautiful_a house_n belong_v to_o the_o gentry_n of_o these_o part_n and_o next_o turante_fw-la which_o command_v the_o passage_n into_o italy_n it_o be_v other_o place_n of_o account_n be_v thonon_n cluse_n beaufort_n vgine_n montier_n yenne_n modane_n etc._n etc._n the_o duchy_n of_o milan_n be_v rich_a in_o nature_n gift_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o best_a part_n of_o lombardy_n afford_v great_a plenty_n of_o grain_n wine_n oil_n and_o silk_n and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v the_o best_a rice_n in_o the_o world_n it_o have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n places_z chief_z places_z 1._o milan_n which_o notwithstanding_o its_o often_o spoil_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o great_a city_n of_o all_o lombardy_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o wide_a plain_n wherein_o be_v no_o less_o pleasant_a than_o profitable_a meadow_n and_o river_n it_o be_v strong_o fortify_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o a_o spacious_a and_o almost_o impregnable_a castle_n beside_o its_o fortification_n it_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o splendid_a ornament_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v its_o university_n its_o hospital_n liberal_o endow_v seat_v in_o a_o isle_n almost_o two_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o capable_a to_o give_v entertainment_n to_o about_o 4000_o sick_a person_n its_o school_n nunnery_n and_o church_n which_o amount_v in_o all_o to_o 238_o most_o of_o which_o be_v stately_a structure_n and_o beautify_v with_o curious_a painting_n image_n of_o the_o saint_n sepulcher_n and_o several_a religious_a antiquity_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v about_o seven_o mile_n in_o circuit_n be_v exceed_v populous_a very_o rich_a and_o of_o a_o great_a commerce_n afford_v sundry_a good_a commodity_n 2._o pavia_n seat_v 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the_o citizen_n use_v to_o recreate_v themselves_o in_o boat_n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o good_a antiquity_n and_o here_o it_o be_v that_o both_o the_o plinys_n be_v bear_v 5._o alexandria_n which_o from_o a_o poor_a village_n through_o the_o often_o ruin_n of_o milan_n be_v now_o become_v a_o fair_a strong_a and_o flourish_a town_n 6._o lodi_n 7._o tortona_n 8._o valenca_fw-la and_o 9_o novara_n genova_n state_n of_o genova_n the_o state_n of_o genes_n or_o genova_n once_o very_o large_a but_o at_o present_a possess_v only_a liguria_n in_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o corsica_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o place_n more_o convenient_a the_o people_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o traffic_n and_o usury_n and_o here_o the_o woman_n be_v allow_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o street_n as_o also_o to_o accompany_v or_o discourse_v with_o man_n which_o be_v forbid_v they_o in_o other_o part_n
enjoy_v many_o immunity_n and_o 4._o pisaro_n a_o maritime_a town_n enjoy_v a_o good_a haven_n ancona_n province_n of_o marca_n ancona_n the_o province_n of_o marca_n ancona_n bound_v with_o the_o adriatic_a naples_n the_o apennine_n and_o romagne_n it_o take_v its_o name_n from_o ancona_n its_o chief_a city_n seat_v on_o the_o hill_n cimmerius_n which_o like_v a_o promontory_n shoot_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n have_v the_o best_a haven_n in_o italy_n towards_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n the_o entrance_n into_o which_o be_v shut_v up_o by_o two_o chain_n the_o better_a to_o secure_v the_o port._n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o good_a strength_n be_v encompass_v with_o wall_n and_o bulwark_n its_o house_n be_v fair_a and_o its_o inhabitant_n rich_a 2._o loretto_n famous_a for_o the_o church_n of_o the_o virgin_n mary_n which_o as_o it_o be_v say_v be_v bring_v from_o palestine_n in_o the_o air_n by_o angel_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o people_n and_o be_v now_o a_o stately_a structure_n and_o rich_o adorn_v with_o the_o present_v dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n and_o be_v much_o resort_v unto_o by_o pilgrim_n 3._o marcerata_fw-la the_o seat_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o this_o province_n and_o here_o be_v a_o college_n of_o lawyer_n for_o the_o hear_n and_o determine_v of_o cause_n 4._o adria_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o adjoin_a sea_n 5._o ascoli_fw-la the_o fair_a and_o 6._o fermo_n the_o strong_a perusin_n province_n of_o perusin_n the_o province_n or_o part_n of_o perusin_n be_v westward_n of_o ombriae_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v perugia_n where_o augustus_n besiege_v l._n antonius_n the_o brother_n and_o fulvia_n the_o wife_n of_o anthony_n the_o triumvir_n which_o say_v place_n at_o the_o siege_n become_v also_o obedient_a unto_o he_o and_o nigh_o to_o this_o city_n be_v lago_n de_fw-fr perugia_n of_o about_o thirty_o mile_n in_o circuit_n near_o who_o bank_n hannibal_n slay_v flaminius_n 15000_o of_o his_o roman_n here_o be_v also_o lacus_n vademonius_fw-la where_o dolabella_n vanquish_v such_o of_o the_o gaul_n as_o have_v escape_v the_o sword_n of_o camillus_n spoleto_n duchy_n of_o spoleto_n the_o duchy_n of_o spoleto_n ancient_o call_v ombria_n as_o situate_a under_o the_o apennine_n hill_n have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n 1._o spoleto_n of_o great_a antiquity_n where_o be_v yet_o remain_v stately_a aqueduct_n the_o temple_n of_o concord_n etc._n etc._n 2._o assisto_fw-la famous_a for_o little_a but_o be_v the_o birth-place_n of_o st._n francis_n 3._o fuligne_v 4._o todi_n 5._o amelia_n and_o 6._o rieti_n sabine_n land_n of_o sabine_n the_o land_n of_o sabine_n southwards_o of_o spoleto_n have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n narvy_n which_o be_v of_o some_o account_n orietin_n province_n of_o orietin_n the_o province_n of_o orietin_n westward_n of_o spoleto_n have_v for_o its_o chief_a place_n 1._o orvieto_fw-la seat_v on_o so_o high_a a_o rock_n that_o it_o amaze_v those_o that_o look_v into_o the_o adjacent_a valley_n and_o 2._o aquapendente_fw-la patrimony_n st._n peter_n patrimony_n the_o part_n or_o province_n call_v st._n peter_n patrimony_n contain_v also_o all_o latium_n or_o campagna_n di_fw-it roma_fw-it and_o part_n of_o ituria_n it_o be_v wash_v with_o the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n and_o in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o mountain_n call_v gallicanum_n in_o which_o hannibal_n fright_v that_o noble_a captain_n fab._n maximus_n with_o a_o stratagem_n which_o be_v by_o have_v 2000_o ox_n which_o carry_v fire_n on_o their_o horn_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o pass_v over_o the_o mountain_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v 1._o ostria_n seat_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o tiber_n but_o its_o haven_n be_v stop_v up_o it_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o see_v of_o a_o bishop_n who_o place_n be_v to_o consecrate_v the_o pope_n 2._o adrea_n to_o which_o the_o roman_n flee_v after_o the_o gaul_n have_v take_v rome_n 3._o veij_fw-la a_o city_n of_o good_a antiquity_n wealth_n and_o largeness_n 4._o alba_n once_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o silvian_n king_n and_o of_o good_a fame_n and_o beauty_n but_o suffer_v much_o in_o the_o war_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o tullus_n hostilius_n 5._o antium_n a_o place_n of_o great_a delight_n to_o which_o the_o roman_a emperor_n use_v to_o retire_v for_o recreation_n 6._o civita_n vechia_n a_o maritime_a town_n abound_v in_o great_a plenty_n of_o alom_n 7._o viterbo_n 8._o porto_n 9_o corneto_o 10._o veroli_fw-fr 11._o palestrina_n and_o 12._o trivoli_n all_o place_n of_o some_o account_n but_o above_o all_o rome_n rome_n the_o city_n of_o rome_n seat_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o campagna_n di_fw-it roma_fw-it once_o the_o mistress_n of_o the_o world_n famous_a for_o her_o noble_a warrior_n who_o be_v so_o exact_a in_o their_o martial_a discipline_n for_o their_o triumph_n and_o antiquity_n and_o for_o be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o spoil_n and_o trophy_n of_o all_o europe_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n be_v lay_v up_o in_o brief_a it_o be_v a_o place_n sufficient_o memorize_v by_o the_o ancient_a and_o renown_a historian_n this_o city_n when_o in_o its_o pristine_a splendour_n be_v say_v to_o be_v 50_o mile_n in_o compass_n who_o wall_n be_v beautify_v with_o about_o 750_o tower_n and_o say_v to_o contain_v about_o 463000_o fight_a man_n that_o be_v free_a citizen_n such_o as_o be_v enrol_v beside_o servant_n woman_n and_o child_n but_o this_o city_n have_v several_a time_n feel_v the_o jostling_n of_o ill_a fortune_n so_o that_o as_o to_o its_o present_a state_n it_o have_v not_o the_o moiety_n of_o its_o pristine_a beauty_n and_o splendour_n scarce_o contain_v 11_o mile_n in_o circuit_n be_v almost_o orbicular_a in_o which_o space_n there_o be_v about_o one_o three_o part_n waste_v ground_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a splendour_n beautify_v with_o many_o princely_a palace_n and_o sufficient_o famous_a for_o be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o pope_n which_o make_v it_o to_o be_v exceed_o populous_a be_v think_v to_o contain_v about_o 200000_o inhabitant_n beside_o a_o exceed_a great_a confluence_n of_o stranger_n which_o hither_o come_v some_o for_o devotion_n and_o other_o to_o please_v their_o fancy_n with_o its_o antiquity_n and_o curiosity_n and_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n two_o three_o may_v be_v reckon_v for_o clergyman_n and_o courtesan_n the_o late_a of_o which_o be_v esteem_v to_o amount_v to_o about_o 40000_o who_o pay_v 30000_o ducat_n yearly_a tribute_n to_o the_o pope_n for_o which_o two_o galley_n be_v maintain_v and_o furnish_v for_o the_o service_n in_o civita_n vechia_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o tiber_n upon_o campus_n marâ—â—us_n it_o be_v build_v upon_o ten_o hill_n on_o which_o be_v fair_a structure_n as_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o vatican_n hill_n be_v seat_v the_o proud_a palace_n of_o the_o pope_n large_a enough_o to_o give_v entertainment_n to_o three_o prince_n at_o one_o time_n it_o be_v beautify_v and_o enrich_v with_o excellent_a paynting_n and_o curiosity_n and_o here_o be_v the_o garden_n call_v belvidere_n famous_a for_o its_o rare_a plant_n delightful_a walk_n curious_a statue_n etc._n etc._n and_o on_o this_o hill_n be_v the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n be_v the_o most_o splendid_a and_o famous_a in_o all_o rome_n be_v adorn_v with_o rich_a paynting_n tomb_n etc._n etc._n with_o divers_a choice_n curiosity_n as_o the_o spear_n that_o pierce_v our_o saviour_n side_n and_o the_o head_n of_o st._n andrew_n in_o this_o city_n be_v about_o 300_o church_n monastery_n for_o nun_n religious_a house_n and_o convent_v here_o be_v many_o hospital_n for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o distress_a likewise_o several_a gallant_a library_n as_o the_o vatican_n the_o jesuit_n college_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o the_o pope_n live_v in_o more_o grandeur_n than_o any_o prince_n in_o christendom_n and_o the_o cardinal_n have_v their_o palace_n rich_o adorn_v and_o dwell_v in_o good_a state_n toscany_n toscany_n dukedom_n of_o toscany_n the_o dukedom_n of_o florence_n contain_v the_o great_a part_n of_o toscany_n to_o which_o do_v belong_v those_o of_o sanese_n and_o pisan_n and_o which_o i_o shall_v include_v under_o the_o dukedom_n of_o florence_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o genoa_n by_o the_o river_n magra_n and_o the_o strong_a town_n of_o sarazana_n belong_v to_o the_o genovese_n it_o be_v people_n even_o the_o duke_n himself_o be_v general_o addict_v to_o traffic_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o it_o be_v a_o country_n very_o rich_a florence_n florence_n among_o the_o city_n in_o this_o territory_n be_v florence_n seat_v in_o a_o no_o less_o fruitful_a than_o pleasant_a plain_n near_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o river_n arne_n and_o chiane_fw-la about_o six_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o rich_a where_o he_o have_v a_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a palace_n rich_o aâ—â—rned_v and_o
pulhely_n and_o krekyth_n bardesey_n island_n isle_n of_o anglesey_n with_o its_o hundred_o of_o tallibollion_n holyhead_n llyfon_n llandrogarn_n tyndaythwy_o bewmatis_fw-la twrkelyn_n llandourodok_n meney_n newburgh_n maltracth_v aberfraw_n merionethshire_n where_o be_v the_o hundred_o of_o ardydwy_n harlech_n talibout_n dolgelhe_n ystymanale_n abeâ—dowyâ—_n mowthy_a maynloyd_n penlyn_n bala_n ydeirmon_n corwen_n montgomeryshire_n in_o which_o be_v the_o hundred_o of_o mechavy_a llanvilling_a ystrondmarchel_n montgomery_n welshpoole_n kery_n kery_n kidriorn_n newtown_n kare_o eynion_n llandaguan_n kyfy_v log._n machenlet_n yriostly_a llanidios_fw-la south_n wales_n in_o which_o be_v the_o county_n of_o radnorshire_n where_o be_v the_o hundred_o of_o rayadergowy_a rayadergowy_o knighton_n knighton_n kevenlice_n llanbadern_n radnor_n new_a radnor_n prestaine_v painscastle_n llanhedder_n collowini_n dyssart_n brecknockshire_n with_o its_o hundred_o of_o bealt_n bealt_v talgarth_n hay_o merthye_a merterkynok_n dyvynnock_n divynock_n penkelly_n brecknock_n crickhole_n crecowell_n cardiganshire_n with_o its_o hundred_o of_o tredvoir_n cardigan_n cardigan_n island_n moythen_a llanbeder_n pennarth_n tregaron_n llanylar_n llanru_v llanbadarn_n aberysthwyth_n pembrookshire_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o hundred_o of_o kemes_n newport_n kilgarvan_n kilgarvan_n dewysland_n st._n david_n ramsey_n island_n the_o bishop_n and_o his_o clerk_n dungledy_n lauhaden_n wiston_n rowse_n haverford_n west_n rosemarket_n scaline_a island_n stockholme_n isle_n nerberth_n tenby_n and_o narberth_n castle_n martin_n pembroke_n caldey_n island_n caermardenshire_n where_o be_v the_o hundred_o of_o derllys_n kancharne_n elluet_n caermarden_n and_o newcastle_n kidwellye_o kidwy_o llannelthye_a perue_v llanymdofry_n llangadok_n cayo_n llandilovawre_n cathinok_fw-mi abergerlech_n glamorganshire_n in_o which_o be_v the_o hundred_o of_o west_n gowre_n swansey_n and_o penrise_n mumble_v point_n pennarth_n point_n oxwich_n point_n wormshead_n point_n llangevelach_n llansamle_v neath_n aberavon_n and_o neeth_n newcastle_n bridgend_n ogmore_n ogmore_n castle_n nash_n point_n cowbridge_n cowbridge_n denispowis_n porkerry_o castle_n barry_n island_n sylye_n isle_n cardiff_n cardiff_n landaff_n caerfy_o caerphilly_n lantrissent_fw-la lantrissent_fw-la monmouthshire_n now_o a_o english_a county_n where_o be_v the_o hundred_o of_o bergaveny_n abergavenney_n skenfrith_n mounmoth_n ragland_n ragland_n caldicot_n chepston_n goldeclyffe_n uske_n uske_n carlion_n wealooge_fw-mi newport_n england_n britain_n small_a isle_n belong_v to_o great_a britain_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n with_o that_o of_o scotland_n form_n a_o island_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o great_a britain_n unto_o which_o belong_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o lesser_a isle_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v under_o four_o head_n or_o fort_n viz._n the_o orcades_n the_o hebrides_n the_o sorling_n and_o the_o isle_n of_o scilly_n with_o those_o of_o the_o sporades_n all_o which_o say_v isle_n with_o that_o of_o ireland_n be_v situate_a between_o the_o 9th_o and_o the_o 23th_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o the_o 50th_o and_o 59th_o of_o latitude_n england_n be_v divide_v from_o scotland_n by_o the_o river_n tweed_n and_o solway_n a_o line_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o and_o on_o all_o other_o side_n it_o be_v begird_v with_o the_o sea_n division_n it_o be_v extent_n and_o division_n the_o extent_n and_o form_n of_o these_o isle_n with_o their_o situation_n to_o each_o other_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o map_n to_o which_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o may_v judge_v the_o map_n false_a for_o that_o the_o true_a geographical_a distance_n of_o place_n be_v lesser_a than_o the_o itinerary_n but_o these_o reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o satisfy_v any_o to_o the_o contrary_a 1._o the_o unpassable_a wood_n which_o 〈◊〉_d between_o place_n 2._o the_o high_a mountain_n and_o low_a valley_n 3._o the_o marsh_n or_o bog_n 4._o the_o river_n or_o pond_n and_o 5._o the_o park_n or_o other_o enclosure_n which_o cause_n the_o traveller_n to_o leave_v his_o direct_a line_n and_o go_v about_o it_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o two_o though_o unequal_a part_n to_o wit_n england_n and_o wales_n separate_v each_o from_o other_o by_o the_o severn_n and_o a_o line_n draw_v to_o the_o wye_n but_o the_o more_o certain_a division_n be_v by_o a_o huge_a ditch_n which_o beginning_n at_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o wye_n into_o the_o severn_n reach_v to_o chester_n where_o the_o dee_fw-mi disâ—_n burden_n its_o self_n into_o the_o sea_n 80_o mile_n in_o length_n make_v by_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o call_v claudh_n offa._n this_o kingdom_n of_o england_n be_v sever_v into_o 52_o shire_n or_o county_n of_o which_o 12_o make_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n and_o these_o county_n be_v subdivide_v into_o hundred_o wapentake_n or_o ward_n and_o those_o again_o into_o parish_n which_o comprehend_v borough_n village_n hamlet_n endship_n or_o trthing_n judge_n it_o be_v division_n according_a to_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o judge_n england_n be_v also_o divide_v into_o six_o part_n for_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o 12_o itinerary_a judge_n two_o of_o which_o twice_o every_o year_n be_v allot_v for_o each_o circuit_n iâ—_n the_o chief_a town_n or_o town_n of_o each_o county_n in_o the_o say_a circuit_n to_o sit_v and_o hear_v cause_n and_o to_o administer_v justice_n for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o according_a to_o this_o division_n one_o circuit_n do_v contain_v the_o county_n of_o wilts_n somerset_n devon_n cornwall_n dorset_z and_o hantshire_n another_o those_o of_o berks_n oxford_n gloucester_z monmouth_n hereford_n worcester_z salop_n and_o stafford_n another_o those_o of_o kent_n surry_n sussex_n and_o hartford_n another_o those_o of_o bedford_n buck_n cambridge_n huntingdon_n norfolk_n and_z suffolk_z another_o those_o of_o northampton_n rutland_n lincoln_n derby_z nottingham_n leicester_n and_o warwick_n and_o another_o those_o of_o york_n durham_n northumberland_n cumberland_n westmoreland_n and_z lancaster_z the_o two_o remain_a county_n viz._n middlesex_n and_o cheshire_n be_v exempt_v the_o one_o for_o its_o vicinity_n to_o london_n and_o the_o other_o as_o have_v its_o peculiar_a judge_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n jurisdiction_n it_o be_v division_n according_a to_o the_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n for_o spiritual_a or_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n this_o kingdom_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o archbishopric_n viz._n canterbury_n and_o york_n under_o which_o be_v 25_o bishop_n of_o which_o 22_o belong_v to_o that_o of_o canterbury_n who_o be_v primate_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n and_o but_o 3_o to_o that_o of_o york_n now_o what_o these_o bishopric_n be_v this_o follow_a table_n will_v declare_v unto_o you_o a_o generale_fw-mi map_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n design_v by_o monsieur_n sanson_n geographer_n to_o the_o french_a king_n &_o render_v into_o english_a &_o illustrate_v by_o ric_n blome_n by_o his_o majesty_n especial_a command_n london_n print_v for_o ric_n blome_n the_o most_o august_n charles_n the_o 2_o by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n â—ing_v of_o england_n scotland_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n &c_n &c_n 〈◊〉_d this_o map_n with_o all_o humility_n be_v concecrate_v by_o your_o majesty_n obedient_a subject_n &_o servant_n ric_n blome_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n and_o bishopric_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n together_o with_o what_o county_n be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o what_o parish_n and_o impropriation_n be_v in_o each_o diocese_n archbishopric_n and_o bishopric_n county_n under_o each_o of_o their_o jurisdiction_n parish_n in_o each_o diocese_n impropriation_n in_o each_o diocese_n canterbury_n have_v canterbury_n and_o part_n of_o kent_n 257_o 140_o york_n have_v yorkshire_n and_o nottinghamshire_n 581_o 336_o london_n have_v essex_n middlesex_n and_o part_n of_o hartfordshire_n 623_o 189_o durham_n have_v durham_n and_o northumberland_n 135_o 87_o worcester_n have_v worcestershire_n and_o part_n of_o warwickshire_n 241_o 76_o winchester_n have_v hantshire_n surrey_n isle_n of_o wight_n garnsey_n and_o jersey_n 362_o 131_o bath_n &_o wells_n have_v somersetshire_n 388_o 160_o oxford_n have_v oxfordshire_n 195_o 88_o bangor_n have_v carnarvonshire_n anglesey_n merionethshire_n and_o part_n of_o denbighshire_n 107_o 36_o rochester_n have_v part_n of_o kent_n 98_o 36_o ely_n have_v cambridgshire_n 141_o 75_o chichester_n have_v sussex_n and_o part_n of_o hartfordshire_n 250_o 112_o salisbury_n have_v wiltshire_n and_o berkshire_n 248_o 109_o lincoln_n have_v lincolnshire_n leicestershire_n bedfordshire_n huntingtonshire_n buckinghamshire_n and_o part_n of_o hartfordshire_n 1255_o 577_o st._n asaph_n have_v part_n of_o flintshire_n and_o part_n of_o denbighshire_n 121_o 19_o st._n david_n have_v pembrookshire_n and_o carmarthenshire_n 308_o 120_o peterborough_n have_v northamptonshire_n and_o rutlandshire_n 293_o 91_o landaff_n have_v glamorganshire_n monmouthshire_n brecknockshire_n and_o part_n of_o radnorshire_n 177_o 98_o carlisle_n have_v part_n of_o cumberland_n and_o part_n of_o westmoreland_n 92_o 18_o exeter_n have_v devonshire_n exeter_n
accommodation_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v trade_v unto_o by_o 8_o market_n to_n cambridge_n seat_v in_o a_o air_n somewhat_o unhealthful_a cambridge_n cambridge_n occasion_v through_o the_o fenny-ground_n near_o adjoin_v and_o on_o the_o river_n cam_n or_o grant_v navigable_a for_o barge_n which_o separate_v it_o into_o two_o but_o unequal_a part_n which_o be_v join_v together_o by_o a_o bridge_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n be_v say_v to_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o cantabar_n a_o spaniard_n who_o about_o 375_o year_n before_o the_o incarnation_n of_o christ_n have_v there_o settle_v the_o muse_n seat_n but_o more_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o sigilbert_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o the_o east_n saxon_n establish_v here_o several_a school_n and_o of_o no_o less_o fame_n for_o its_o university_n or_o seminary_n of_o true_a learning_n which_o be_v its_o chief_a ornament_n be_v adorn_v with_o 16_o college_n and_o hall_n many_o of_o which_o be_v superb_fw-la building_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o seminary_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o a_o large_a extent_n number_v 14_o parish_n church_n be_v beautify_v with_o well_o build_v house_n its_o street_n be_v pave_v and_o well_o order_v be_v well_o inhabit_v enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n and_o its_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v sufficient_o furnish_v with_o provision_n which_o be_v have_v at_o easy_a rate_n it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a endow_v with_o ample_a immunity_n and_o send_v 4_o burgess_n to_o parliament_n viz._n two_o for_o the_o university_n and_o two_o for_o the_o town_n nigh_o unto_o cambridge_n southwards_o be_v gogmagog-hill_n which_o be_v of_o a_o great_a eminency_n and_o yet_o retain_v the_o remembrance_n of_o the_o danish_a station_n and_o of_o these_o hill_n the_o country_n people_n tell_v fine_a story_n ely_z seat_v in_o a_o fenny_a and_o waterish_a place_n and_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o owse_n ely_n ely_n which_o render_v it_o very_o unhealthful_a it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o more_o antiquity_n than_o beauty_n be_v but_o mean_o build_v nor_o overmuch_o frequent_v or_o inhabit_v and_o will_v be_v far_o less_o be_v it_o not_o for_o be_v the_o see_v of_o a_o bishop_n who_o palace_n be_v so_o ruinous_a that_o it_o be_v uninhabitable_a but_o its_o cathedral_n or_o minister_n be_v a_o lofty_a structure_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o stately_a lenthorn_n of_o curious_a architecture_n it_o be_v a_o city_n that_o enjoy_v ample_a immunity_n for_o in_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n the_o bishop_n have_v all_o the_o right_n of_o a_o count_n palatine_n and_o bear_v chief_a sway_n therein_o appoint_v a_o judge_n for_o the_o hear_n of_o cause_n within_o the_o say_a isle_n he_o also_o hold_v assizes_n goal-delivery_n and_o quarter-session_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o have_v his_o chief_a bailiff_n and_o other_o officer_n and_o although_o the_o city_n be_v but_o mean_o inhabit_v yet_o its_o market_n on_o saturdays_n be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n newmarket_n newmarket_n newmarket_n seat_v part_n in_o this_o county_n and_o part_n in_o suffolk_n and_o in_o a_o large_a and_o pleasant_a heath_n so_o call_v a_o place_n of_o some_o largeness_n contain_v two_o parish_n church_n and_o be_v well_o inhabit_v and_o much_o resor_v unto_o by_o the_o gentry_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o commodious_a situation_n for_o horse-race_n and_o hunt_v be_v both_o recreation_n that_o his_o majesty_n take_v so_o great_a delight_n in_o that_o he_o have_v there_o his_o palace_n for_o his_o reception_n which_o add_v no_o small_a advantage_n to_o the_o town_n often_o honour_v it_o with_o his_o royal_a presence_n it_o be_v market_n be_v on_o tuesdays_n which_o be_v not_o very_o considerable_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o vicinity_n to_o bury_v and_o cambridge_n caxton_n seat_v in_o the_o clay_n and_o on_o the_o north-road_n a_o small_a town_n caxton_n caxton_n and_o have_v a_o little_a market_n on_o tuesdays_n royston_n seat_v on_o the_o high_a road_n to_o huntingdon_n in_o a_o bottom_n among_o hill_n royston_n royston_n and_o part_n in_o this_o county_n and_o part_n in_o hartfordshire_n it_o be_v a_o large_a well_o inhabit_v town_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a market_n on_o wednesday_n for_o provision_n especial_o for_o malt_n here_o and_o in_o part_n adjacent_a make_v in_o great_a quantity_n describe_v cheshire_n describe_v cheshire_n a_o county_n palatine_n of_o a_o rich_a and_o fertile_a soil_n both_o for_o tillage_n and_o pasturage_n feed_v abundance_n of_o cattle_n and_o afford_v plenty_n of_o corn_n fish_n especial_o salmon_n fowl_n butter_n cheese_n and_o salt_n which_o be_v their_o staple_n commodity_n and_o here_o have_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o out_o of_o the_o rock_n and_o quarry_n broad_a slate_n and_o fair_a stone_n for_o building_n be_v dug_n as_o be_v millstone_n out_o of_o moucop-hill_n it_o be_v well_o furnish_v with_o timber_n and_o fuel_n from_o its_o wood_n and_o forest_n of_o delamer_n and_o maxfield_n be_v plentiful_o water_v with_o rivers_n meers_n and_o pool_n have_v several_a heath_n and_o mosses_n the_o ancient_a people_n be_v the_o cornavii_n of_o ptolemy_n and_o afterward_o become_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mercian_n in_o this_o county_n be_v seat_v 86_o parish_n church_n beside_o 38_o chapel_n of_o ease_n and_o have_v traffic_n with_o 13_o market_n to_n chester_n chester_n chester_n or_o west-chester_n a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n say_v to_o be_v raise_v from_o the_o fort_n of_o ostorius_n lieutenant_n of_o britain_n for_o claudius_n the_o emperor_n and_o of_o a_o pleasant_a situation_n on_o the_o dee_n over_o which_o it_o have_v a_o fair_a stone-bridge_n sustain_v by_o eight_o arch_n at_o each_o end_n of_o which_o be_v a_o gate_n but_o the_o channel_n be_v now_o so_o choke_v up_o with_o sand_n that_o it_o be_v scarce_o navigable_a for_o small_a vessel_n so_o that_o all_o ship_n now_o come_v to_o a_o place_n call_v new-key_n about_o 6_o mile_n distant_a it_o be_v form_n be_v quadrangular_a and_o take_v up_o about_o two_o mile_n in_o circuit_n within_o its_o wall_n on_o which_o be_v 7_o watch-tower_n and_o which_o give_v entrance_n by_o 4_o gate_n and_o 3_o postern_n and_o of_o these_o gate_n the_o east-cate_n be_v esteem_v one_o of_o the_o stately_a gate_n in_o england_n for_o its_o further_a defence_n it_o have_v a_o large_a castle_n seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a hill_n where_o the_o shire_n hall_n be_v which_o something_o resemble_v that_o of_o westminster_n where_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o county_n palatine_n be_v try_v by_o their_o peculiar_a officer_n the_o city_n be_v large_a number_v to_o parish_n church_n beside_o its_o minster_n or_o cathedral_n a_o large_a structure_n adjoin_v to_o which_o be_v the_o bishop_n palace_n it_o be_v beautify_v with_o divers_a fair_a building_n both_o public_a and_o private_a be_v grace_v with_o large_a and_o well_o order_v street_n be_v well_o frequent_v and_o inhabit_v by_o gentry_n and_o assizes_n be_v keep_v as_o also_o for_o be_v the_o usual_a place_n of_o take_v shippipng_v for_o ireland_n with_o which_o it_o have_v a_o great_a intercourse_n and_o have_v a_o considerable_a trade_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 2_o sheriff_n 24_o alderman_n a_o recorder_n and_o sub-officer_n enjoy_v ample_a immunity_n and_o send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n which_o no_o other_o town_n in_o the_o county_n do_v it_o be_v well_o serve_v with_o provision_n for_o beside_o its_o shambles_n it_o have_v two_o considerable_a marker_n weekly_o on_o wednesday_n and_o saturday_n not_o far_o from_o this_o city_n be_v the_o forest_n of_o delamer_n where_o aede_v the_o mercian_n lady_n build_v a_o small_a city_n long_o since_o reduce_v to_o ruin_n which_o place_n be_v now_o call_v the_o chamber_n in_o the_o forest_n nantwich_n nantwich_n nantwich_n seat_v on_o the_o wever_n the_o large_a and_o best_a build_v town_n next_o to_o chester_n in_o the_o country_n and_o be_v grace_v with_o a_o goodly_a spacious_a church_n it_o be_v a_o place_n well_o inhabit_v and_o frequent_v chief_o occasion_v for_o its_o salt-pit_n or_o saltwich_a for_o the_o make_n of_o white_a salt_n here_o have_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v sufficient_o provide_v with_o all_o provision_n and_o necessary_n especial_o corn_n and_o cattle_n malpas_n malpas_n malpas_n situate_a on_o a_o great_a eminency_n and_o on_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi a_o fair_a town_n contain_v 3_o street_n which_o be_v pave_v and_o well_o order_v it_o have_v a_o hospital_n and_o grammar_n school_n and_o its_o market_n on_o mondays_n be_v of_o good_a account_n middlewich_n middlewich_n middlewich_n seat_v between_o nantwich_n and_o northwich_n a_o large_a town_n contain_v several_a street_n and_o lane_n its_o chief_a place_n be_v call_v the_o kings-mexon_a the_o town_n be_v of_o note_n for_o its_o salt-pit_n and_o make_v of_o salt_n and_o have_v a_o good_a market_n for_o provision_n on_o
ground_n than_o in_o any_o county_n in_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v blessed_v with_o a_o healthful_a air_n it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o full_a of_o gentry_n insomuch_o that_o in_o many_o place_n 20_o or_o 30_o sleeple_n present_v themselves_o to_o view_v at_o one_o time_n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o river_n and_o fresh_a stream_n as_o the_o welland_n the_o neâ—_n or_o aufona_n the_o owse_n charwel_o etc._n etc._n this_o county_n be_v sever_v into_o 20_o hundred_o in_o which_o be_v number_v 326_o parish_n church_n and_o be_v trade_v unto_o by_o 11_o market_n to_n northampton_n northampton_n northampton_n delightful_o seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o nine_o which_o wash_v its_o south_n and_o west_n part_n over_o which_o it_o have_v two_o bridge_n it_o be_v a_o town_n of_o good_a antiquity_n and_o once_o very_o large_a but_o this_o as_o all_o other_o place_n in_o the_o kingdom_n selt_z the_o sore_a hand_n of_o the_o dane_n with_o other_o calamity_n and_o late_o in_o be_v lay_v in_o its_o ash_n by_o a_o merciless_a fire_n but_o be_v again_o almost_o rebuilt_a and_o will_v be_v of_o better_a lustre_n than_o before_o it_o be_v extent_n be_v large_a number_v 4_o parish_n church_n within_o its_o wall_n which_o be_v of_o great_a strength_n before_o their_o demolishment_n on_o the_o western_a side_n of_o the_o town_n on_o a_o eminency_n be_v mount_v a_o large_a castle_n but_o so_o ruinous_a that_o it_o seem_v ready_a to_o fall_v it_o be_v a_o town_n corporate_a send_v burgess_n to_o parliament_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o major_n 2_o barliff_n 12_o magistrate_n a_o recorder_n town_n clerk_n with_o other_o sub-officer_n it_o enjoy_v a_o very_a considerable_a trade_n be_v very_o well_o inhabit_v be_v the_o place_n where_o the_o assize_n be_v keep_v and_o the_o general_a place_n for_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o penny_n to_o meet_v for_o the_o county_n and_o its_o market_n which_o be_v on_o saturday_n be_v very_o great_a for_o cattle_n corn_n provision_n leather_n shoe_n 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europe_n may_v in_o general_n be_v call_v new_a mexico_n because_o the_o spaniard_n of_o mexico_n or_o new_a spain_n discover_v it_o not_o till_o after_o they_o have_v be_v sometime_o settle_v in_o this_o other_o of_o these_o four_o part_n of_o america_n septentrionalis_n to_o wit_n mexico_n or_o new_a spain_n new_a mexico_n canada_n or_o new_a france_n and_o america_n arctica_fw-la new_a spain_n be_v wash_v by_o mer_n del_fw-it nort_n and_o mer_n del_fw-it shall_fw-mi america_n arctica_fw-la likewise_o by_o both_o sea_n new_a france_n only_o by_o mer_n deal_v nor_o and_o new_a mexico_n only_o by_o mer_n del_fw-it shall_fw-mi these_o four_o great_a part_n be_v subdivide_v into_o many_o less_o which_o we_o call_v region_n peoples_n province_n etc._n etc._n we_o will_v observe_v the_o chief_a of_o they_o the_o most_o clear_o and_o succinct_o as_o possible_o we_o can_v but_o because_o new_a spain_n touch_v on_o america_n meridionalis_fw-la we_o will_v begin_v our_o america_n 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towards_o the_o south_n and_o peru_n and_o chili_n be_v towards_o the_o west_n in_o regard_n of_o brazil_n and_o paraguay_n castilian_n part_n possess_v by_o the_o castilian_n the_o castilian_n possess_v almost_o all_o terra_fw-la firma_n nothing_o at_o all_o in_o guiana_n they_o hold_v peru_n and_o chili_n between_o the_o andes_n and_o mer_n del_fw-it shall_fw-mi scarce_o any_o thing_n beyond_o those_o mountain_n beside_o their_o viceroy_n who_o reside_v at_o lima_n or_o los_fw-la reyes_n they_o have_v establish_v in_o what_o they_o possess_v many_o archbishopric_n bishopric_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o church_n many_o audience_n and_o seat_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o secular_a and_o civil_a power_n and_o many_o government_n for_o the_o militia_n suffragans_fw-la the_o archbishop_n and_o their_o suffragans_fw-la the_o archbishop_n be_v those_o of_o lima_n in_o peru_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o los_fw-es charcas_fw-es and_o of_o st._n fe_o de_fw-fr bogota_n in_o the_o new_a kingdom_n of_o granada_n the_o archbishop_n of_o lima_n have_v for_o suffragans_fw-la the_o bishop_n of_o cusco_n quito_n arequipa_n truxillo_n and_o guamanga_n all_o in_o peru._n the_o archbishop_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la have_v for_o suffragans_fw-la the_o bishop_n of_o baranca_n or_o sancta_fw-la crux_fw-la in_o la_fw-fr sierra_n cividad_fw-es della_fw-it pax_n in_o chiquiago_n st._n jago_n del_fw-it estero_n in_o cucuman_a buenos_fw-mi ayres_n in_o rio_n della_fw-it plata_fw-la nostra_fw-la sacra_fw-la del_fw-it '_o assumption_n in_o paraguay_n panama_n in_o terra_n firma_n or_o castilia_n del_fw-it oro_fw-la st._n jago_n del_fw-it estremadura_n and_o the_o imperial_a in_o chili_n the_o archbishop_n of_o sancta_fw-la fe_o de_fw-la bogota_n in_o new_a granada_n have_v for_o suffragans_fw-la the_o bishop_n of_o popayan_n of_o carthagena_n and_o of_o st._n martha_n in_o their_o province_n of_o the_o same_o name_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o parish_n chapel_n of_o ease_n monastery_n etc._n etc._n the_o audience_n under_o the_o viceroy_n of_o peru_n have_v former_o be_v those_o of_o panama_n in_o terra_n firma_n of_o sancta_fw-la fe_o de_fw-la bogota_n in_o the_o new_a kingdom_n of_o granada_n of_o quito_n and_o lima_n in_o peru_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o los_fw-la charcaes_n and_o de_fw-fr st._n jago_n de_fw-fr estremadura_n in_o chili_n that_o of_o panama_n and_o of_o chili_n subsist_v no_o long_o but_o be_v reduce_v into_o government_n of_o these_o government_n there_o be_v here_o eleven_o viz._n panama_n carthagena_n st._n martha_n popayan_n the_o new_a kingdom_n of_o granada_n los_fw-la quixos_n passamoros_n los_fw-es charcas_fw-es tucuman_n chili_n and_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la peru_n wherein_o be_v lima_n quito_n and_o cusco_n be_v not_o among_o these_o government_n but_o depend_v immediate_o on_o the_o viceroy_n but_o before_o we_o leave_v america_n meridionalis_fw-la let_v we_o speak_v a_o word_n or_o two_o touch_v that_o part_n which_o be_v towards_o mer_n del_fw-it shall_fw-mi there_o be_v find_v a_o great_a diversity_n between_o that_o near_o this_o sea_n and_o that_o within_o land_n that_o which_o be_v near_a the_o coast_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o above_o the_o plain_n be_v many_o hill_n or_o rather_o mountain_n after_o these_o mountain_n there_o be_v other_o plain_n and_o beautiful_a valley_n and_o then_o mountain_n almost_o inaccessible_a which_o be_v those_o that_o bind_v chili_n and_o peru_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o scarce_o rain_v in_o the_o plain_n often_o in_o the_o first_o mountain_n sometime_o between_o the_o two_o rank_n of_o mountain_n and_o snow_v often_o between_o the_o two_o last_o mountain_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o plain_n of_o the_o first_o mountain_n and_o of_o those_o between_o the_o two_o rank_n of_o mountain_n be_v fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a the_o last_o be_v only_a rock_n barren_a extreme_o cold_a both_o in_o winter_n and_o summer_n and_o almost_o always_o cover_v with_o snow_n and_o that_o which_o be_v observable_a these_o mountain_n beginning_n near_o the_o straight_a of_o magellan_n make_v two_o branch_n which_o one_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o other_o traverse_v all_o the_o length_n of_o america_n meridionalis_fw-la and_o so_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o parallel_n yet_o of_o quality_n and_o temperament_n so_o different_a that_o each_o region_n have_v its_o beast_n grain_n and_o fruit_n unlike_a nay_o the_o man_n transport_v from_o the_o one_o can_v scarce_o live_v in_o the_o other_o but_o let_v we_o proceed_v to_o its_o part_n terrafirma_a columbus_n terra_fw-la firma_fw-la so_o call_v by_o christopher_n columbus_n under_o the_o name_n of_o terrafirma_a take_v in_o general_a we_o understand_v that_o part_n of_o america_n meridionalis_fw-la most_o advance_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o which_o touch_v america_n septentrionalis_n by_o the_o isthmus_n of_o panama_n this_o name_n of_o terra-firma_n be_v take_v from_o christopher_n columbus_n not_o have_v discover_v any_o but_o isle_n in_o his_o first_o and_o second_o voyage_n in_o his_o three_o and_o four_o he_o make_v a_o good_a part_n of_o these_o coast_n which_o judge_v to_o be_v main_a land_n that_o name_n be_v give_v it_o extent_n it_o be_v extent_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o the_o isthmus_n of_o panama_n unto_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o amazon_n near_o 1000_o league_n its_o breadth_n between_o the_o mere_n del_fw-it nort_n and_o the_o estate_n which_o be_v along_o the_o amazon_n be_v not_o above_o 200_o or_o 250_o league_n or_o little_o more_o this_o breadth_n be_v only_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o length_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o we_o have_v divide_v this_o terra-firma_n into_o two_o part_n of_o which_o the_o most_o occidental_a and_o the_o best_a for_o the_o most_o part_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o most_o eastern_a and_o the_o least_o be_v almost_o all_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o native_n some_o european_n have_v only_o settle_v some_o habitation_n on_o the_o coast_n and_o this_o may_v be_v call_v guiana_n the_o first_o be_v five_o or_o six_o hundred_o league_n long_o this_o about_o four_o hundred_o the_o spaniard_n have_v establish_v in_o terra-firma_n many_o government_n viz._n those_o of_o panama_n carthagena_n sancta_fw-la martha_n rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr haches_n venezuela_n and_o of_o paria_fw-la or_o nueva_fw-la andalusia_n on_o the_o sea_n coast_n of_o mer_n del_fw-it nort_n those_o of_o popayan_n and_o the_o new_a kingdom_n of_o granada_n be_v within_o land_n or_o on_o the_o pacifique_a sea_n describe_v the_o government_n or_o province_n of_o panama_n describe_v the_o government_n of_o panama_n and_o which_o particular_o take_v the_o name_n of_o terra-firma_n be_v between_o the_o north_n and_o south_n sea_n place_v in_o the_o isthmus_n which_o join_v the_o two_o part_n of_o america_n together_o the_o country_n be_v either_o low_a and_o miry_a or_o mountainous_a and_o barren_a and_o therefore_o very_o unfit_a to_o bear_v corn_n only_o some_o mayze_n it_o yield_v yet_o here_o be_v find_v good_a pasturage_n for_o cattle_n it_o be_v well_o water_v with_o rivers_n some_o of_o which_o stream_n down_o sand-gold_n it_o be_v air_n be_v very_o unhealthful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a heat_n and_o fog_n it_o be_v subject_a unto_o place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n it_o be_v chief_a place_n be_v 1._o panama_n which_o take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o province_n as_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n honour_v with_o a_o bishop_n sea_n which_o be_v suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o lima_n and_o the_o court_n of_o judicature_n and_o beautify_v with_o three_o fair_a monastery_n as_o also_o a_o college_n of_o jesuit_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o sea_n shore_n and_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a resort_n 2._o nombre_fw-fr de_fw-fr dios_n once_o famous_a be_v make_v the_o staple_n of_o such_o commodity_n as_o be_v truck_v betwixt_o peru_n and_o spain_n which_o be_v bring_v hither_o by_o sea_n and_o so_o convey_v by_o land_n to_o panama_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v ship_v for_o peru_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v for_o those_o good_n send_v from_o peru_n to_o spain_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o unhealthfulness_n as_o also_o lie_v too_o open_a to_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o english_a or_o other_o nation_n it_o be_v remove_v to_o porto_n belo_n a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n build_v for_o that_o purpose_n by_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n seat_v on_o the_o north_n sea_n distant_a from_o panama_n 16_o or_o 20_o league_n which_o make_v this_o passage_n have_v a_o great_a trade_n between_o peru_n and_o mexico_n it_o be_v once_o propose_v to_o cut_v this_o isthmus_n to_o make_v a_o communication_n between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o sea_n but_o the_o pacifique_a sea_n be_v find_v high_a than_o mer_n deal_v nor_o this_o proposition_n vanish_v that_o the_o mere_n del_fw-it shall_fw-mi be_v high_a than_o
force_n be_v break_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n of_o the_o water_n subside_o and_o sink_v and_o augment_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o sand_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o ocean_n be_v more_o and_o more_o break_a and_o therefore_o more_o terrestrial_a matter_n subside_v so_o that_o the_o ridge_n be_v augment_v they_o exclude_v the_o ocean_n or_o make_v the_o channel_n more_o shallow_a 2._o it_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o shore_n if_o that_o the_o shore_n be_v sandy_a and_o stony_a that_o the_o ocean_n run_v by_o can_v separate_v or_o take_v away_o little_a with_o it_o so_o that_o when_o it_o can_v take_v away_o nothing_o it_o always_o leave_v some_o particle_n that_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n the_o shore_n become_v more_o high_a and_o force_n or_o stop_v the_o ocean_n from_o its_o accustom_a place_n 3._o if_o that_o another_o adjacent_a shore_n have_v less_o solid_a earth_n that_o be_v light_a and_o full_a of_o cavern_n for_o the_o ocean_n carry_v the_o dissolve_a and_o break_a part_n of_o earth_n to_o the_o vicine_fw-la shore_n 4._o if_o that_o great_a river_n discharge_v themselves_o by_o the_o shore_n into_o that_o sea_n for_o these_o river_n carry_v with_o they_o much_o sand_n and_o mud_n or_o gravel_n when_o that_o they_o arrive_v to_o the_o mouth_n and_o shore_n where_o they_o endeavour_v to_o exonerate_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n they_o leave_v it_o partly_o because_o the_o channel_n be_v there_o more_o broad_a and_o partly_o because_o that_o the_o sea_n resist_v the_o flux_n of_o they_o and_o this_o be_v chief_o observe_v in_o region_n which_o river_n overflow_v every_o year_n 5._o if_o that_o frequent_a wind_n blow_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o shore_n be_v rocky_a and_o firm_a not_o sandy_a 6._o if_o that_o the_o flux_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v swift_a and_o vehement_a and_o the_o reflux_n slow_a and_o gentle_a for_o the_o gentle_a reflux_n take_v not_o away_o the_o matter_n that_o the_o swift_a flux_n bring_v but_o suffer_v it_o to_o sink_v if_o that_o the_o shore_n descend_v oblique_o into_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o long_a space_n and_o bend_v not_o down_o direct_o and_o perpendicular_o for_o so_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n decrease_v and_o leave_v the_o matter_n behind_o nile_n the_o land_n of_o egypt_n cause_v by_o the_o nile_n there_o be_v many_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o be_v evident_a be_v former_o take_v up_o by_o the_o ocean_n where_o egypt_n be_v in_o time_n past_o be_v the_o sea_n as_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o by_o experience_n at_o this_o day_n for_o the_o nile_n flow_v from_o the_o remote_a region_n of_o aethiopia_n and_o every_o year_n enter_v the_o channel_n where_o it_o swell_v it_o expand_v itself_o through_o all_o egypt_n where_o when_o the_o force_n of_o the_o river_n cease_v the_o mud_n sink_v and_o also_o the_o terrestrial_a matter_n which_o the_o swift_a course_n of_o the_o river_n bring_v in_o and_o so_o egypt_n become_v high_a and_o before_o that_o so_o much_o matter_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o the_o nile_n than_o the_o sea_n cover_v the_o land_n of_o egypt_n but_o now_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o admit_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o height_n of_o this_o aristotle_n and_o other_o be_v witness_n his_o word_n be_v these_o this_o place_n and_o the_o whole_a region_n of_o egypt_n which_o be_v only_o make_v by_o the_o river_n seem_v always_o to_o become_v more_o dry_a and_o because_o that_o the_o marsh_n by_o degree_n dry_v up_o the_o adjacent_a place_n begin_v to_o be_v inhabit_v the_o length_n of_o time_n obliterated_a the_o begin_n of_o it_o therefore_o all_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o nile_n except_o that_o of_o canopus_n seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o man_n and_o not_o by_o the_o river_n moreover_o all_o egypt_n ancient_o consist_v of_o a_o city_n call_v thebes_n as_o be_v very_o manifest_a which_o homer_n also_o declare_v who_o flourish_v as_o i_o have_v say_v after_o this_o mutation_n for_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o that_o place_n as_o if_o that_o memphis_n as_o yet_o have_v no_o be_v or_o at_o least_o not_o so_o big_a seneca_n here_o explain_v it_o more_o clear_o all_o egypt_n say_v he_o be_v make_v up_o of_o mud_n for_o if_o that_o we_o may_v credit_v homer_n pharos_n be_v so_o far_o from_o the_o continent_n as_o that_o a_o ship_n with_o a_o full_a spread_v sail_n can_v hard_o measure_v or_o encompass_v it_o in_o a_o whole_a day_n but_o it_o be_v now_o adjoin_v to_o the_o continent_n for_o the_o nile_n flow_v muddy_a and_o trouble_a and_o draw_v much_o mud_n with_o it_o and_o so_o add_v to_o it_o the_o former_a land_n have_v make_v egypt_n large_a by_o a_o annual_a increase_n hence_o the_o soil_n be_v muddy_a and_o fat_a neither_o have_v it_o any_o interval_n in_o it_o but_o have_v increase_v to_o a_o solidity_n land_n the_o river_n ganges_n and_o indus_n by_o their_o inundation_n both_o cause_n also_o land_n ganges_n and_o indus_n in_o india_n both_o famous_a river_n have_v cause_v the_o same_o by_o their_o inundation_n that_o the_o nile_n have_v also_o rio_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr plata_fw-la in_o brazil_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o china_n be_v generate_v or_o at_o least_o augment_v after_o the_o same_o mode_n by_o reason_n that_o a_o violent_a river_n which_o they_o call_v the_o yellow_a river_n flow_v from_o tartary_n into_o china_n often_o overflow_a although_o not_o in_o a_o anniversary_n time_n have_v so_o much_o sand_n and_o gravel_n that_o it_o make_v the_o three_o part_n of_o its_o water_n these_o example_n demonstrate_v the_o cause_n lay_v down_o in_o the_o four_o place_n viz._n why_o river_n shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o forsake_v the_o shoar_n but_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v also_o oftentimes_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o departure_n in_o divers_a region_n viz._n whilst_o that_o it_o carry_v and_o lay_v down_o the_o matter_n by_o which_o the_o channel_n and_o shoar_n acquire_v the_o great_a altitude_n and_o admit_v not_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o holland_n zealand_n and_o gelderland_n be_v make_v for_o that_o the_o ocean_n in_o time_n pass_v possess_v these_o country_n be_v know_v both_o from_o ancient_a history_n or_o monument_n as_o also_o from_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o soil_n itself_o the_o shell_n of_o fish_n find_v on_o the_o cliff_n or_o high_a part_n of_o gelderland_n not_o far_o from_o noviomagus_n do_v sufficient_o testify_v the_o same_o as_o also_o shrub_n and_o ouzey_a matter_n find_v in_o the_o profundity_n of_o the_o soil_n add_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v high_a than_o the_o land_n of_o these_o region_n and_o have_v overflow_v it_o and_o will_v cover_v it_o again_o if_o that_o it_o be_v not_o obstruct_v by_o bank_n of_o sand_n and_o rampart_n yet_o there_o be_v some_o that_o say_v they_o suppose_v that_o holland_n and_o zealand_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o mosa_n which_o be_v not_o improbable_a 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