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A26553 Academia scientiarum, or, The academy of sciences being a short and easie introduction to the knowledge of the liberal arts and sciences, with the names of those famous authors that have written on every particular science : in English and Latine / by D. Abercromby ... Abercromby, David, d. 1701 or 2. 1687 (1687) Wing A77; ESTC R6380 46,476 244

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cogitatione suspensum corpus quemcumque situm dederis retinet Centrum gravitatis centrum magnitudinis non sunt semper idem ut patet in Sphaera plumbo lignea Pendula gravitatis diameter aut ansa est linea recta ducta per centrum gravitatis acta Horizonti perpendicularis Nullum pondus quiescere potest nisi pendula gravitatis diameter aut ansa transeat per locum cui innititur aut e quo suspenditur corpus In omni Plano figurae centrum centrum quoque gravitatis est Haec ars docet in genere modum reperiendae ponderationis rerumque exiguis viribus movendarum methodum Non est praetermittendum hoc loco aliud genus mechanismi cujus notitia non parum humano generi profuerit de mechanismo loquor fasciarum instrumentorumque aut machinarum quibus paulatim quaevis corporis pars ad debitum a natura situm reducatur Rupto Peritonaeo interdum intestina omentum interdum saepe intestina omentum loco naturali excidunt in inguina aut Scrotum ibique Hernia producitur dicta Enterocele aut Intestinalis si prolabantur Intestina vel Epiplocele aut Hernia Omentalis si Omentum excidat Peritonaeum gemina valida quidem sed molli constat membrana quae ita concludit quicquid imo ventre comprehenditur ut cum sanum corpus est nihil procidere possit Peritonaeum in mulieribus Osse pubis terminatur In viris Tunica exterior ulterius procedit ac Testiculorum involucrum primum proprium constituit In Inguine vasa seminalia comprehendit instar vaginae Processus dictae Processus hic laxatus Dilatatus aut Ruptus est immediata herniarum mox commemoratarum causa Non est tamen existimandum Peritonaeum non posse distendi rumpique etiam aliis in locis ibique Herniam producere Causae Peritonaei Rupti aut Dilatati hae fere sunt lapsus saltatio percussio gravium onerum gestatio vomitus violentior aut tussis constipatio ventris flatus reclusi vehementiorque omnis corporis motus Sed nihil forte utilius rei Publicae praestitero quam si hic nominatim indica vero duos peritissimos quos quidem norim hujusmodi mechanismi artifices simul conviventes Londini in ea regione urbis quae Black Fryers dicitur sunt autem ii celebris Robertus Smith Scotus ejusque gener Thomas Jewel qui quotidiana magnoque successu suae hoc in genere mechanismi peritiae experimenta exhibent Ipsorum enim fasciae cujuscumque generis sive contra hernias Intestinales sive Omentales sive Umbilicales sive Ventosas aut contra aquosas adeo leves sunt gestatuque faciles omnique corporis motui ita obsecundant ut nihil omnino molestiae gestantibus secum afferant Reipsa quoque praenominati tollunt quamcumque humanorum corporum deformitatem a praeternaturali partis cujuspiam extrorsum introrsum aut deorsum distentione ortam instrumentisque ac machinis ingenii ejusmodi quibus natura suaviter ad pristinum situm reducatur Authores Aristoteles Henricus Monentholus Josephus Blancanus Guidus Ubaldus ' Stevinus Hero Robertus Vulturius Cedrenus Joannes Baptista Porta Josephus Boillotus Augustus Ranelli Paulus Barbettus Johannes Brownius c. Sect. XXI Medica Or the Art of Conserving and Curing Humane Bodies HErmes Trismegistus a Fam'd Physician in Egypt invented this necessary Art 'T is either Empirical that is grounded upon meer Experience or Dogmatical that is grounded both upon Reason and Experience Hippocrates and Galenus were the chief Masters of the Dogmatical part This Art is either Speculative or Practical the former considereth 1. The nature and the outward causes of Distempers as the six things that are called not natural because they are not the constituent parts of our Bodies such we reckon the Air Meat Drink Sleep Watching Motion and Rest what we throw off and what we retain Excreta Retenta our Passions Plethora or fulness Cacochymy or an ill habit of our bloud 2. It searcheth into the internal causes of our Distempers as Wind Worms Acids The practical part of this noble and useful Art relates to the method of Curing which is either performed by Alteration or Evacuation Whether this Evacuation be wrought by Bleeding Vomiting Stool Urine Sweat or insenble Transpiration and upon this account its true object is the whole Materia Medica or whatever may be subservient to the Physician 's intention in either of the three Kingdoms I mean Animal Vegitative and Mineral The whole Materia Medica may be reduc'd to the ensuing Heads 1. the Attenuating Remedies as Elicampe Roots Wormwood Leaves Camomile Flowers the hot Seeds Juniper and Lawrel Berries old Tallow and Grease especially that of a Wolf and of a Bear most Oyls as of bitter Almonds Walnuts c. the Plaisters of Betony Diachylon Oxycroceum c. 2. The Softening as Marsh mallow Roots Briony Roots c. 3. Such as dissolve Clots as the Roots of round Birthwort 4. The Deterging as the Roots of Gentian and Birthwort 5 The Epicerasticks that by a moderate moisture take off the sharpness of the humour as Mallow and Marsh-mallow Roots 6. Alexipharmaca that resist Venome as Angelica Root 7. The Thickening as the Roots of Bugloss and Plantain 8. The Cathartick which either purge the Bile as Cassia Manna Tamarinds c. or the Phlegm as Carthamy wild Saffron Agarick Turbith Jalep or the Melancholy as Sena Oake-Fern or the Watery Humours as Dwarf Elder Elder-seed Bark Juice Mechoaca 9. The Vomitory whether milder ones as Sarabacca Leaves bruised in Dill Water or stronger ones as the Spirit of Tobacco the Infusion of Tobacco Crocus Metallorum c. 10. Diureticks as Radish Roots Parseley Roots c. 11. The Sudorificks as Harts horn Diascordium Angelica Roots c. 12. The Repelling Remedies as the Sloe-tree Roots Tormentil Roots c. 13. The Emplasticks that stop the passages of the Body as Lilly Roots wild Comphry Roots c. 14. The Absorbing Remedies which by a great faculty of drying consume the moisture as all Cenders Vineger Brine c. 15. The Blistering which raise Blisters as the Cantharides Mustard Garlick Water-cresses 16. The Suppurating that generate matter as Marsh-mallow Roots white Lilly Roots 17. The Vulnerary as Tormentil Roots the Roots of both Comphreys 18. The Sarcoticks that remove whatever may hinder the breeding of Flesh as the Roots of Birthwort Tragacanth Dragons Bloud Sarcocolla c. 19. The Epuloticks that generate a Callus or Scarr as Dragons Bloud Myrtle Leaves 20. The Anodines as Marsh-mallows and Lilly Roots 21. The Narcoticks which take away all feeling as Oyl of Palm Laurel Turpentine Opium c. 22. The Hypnoticks that cause Sleep as Requies Nicolai Diascordium Laudanum opiatum c. 23. Such as stop Bleeding as Corals the Bolus Seal'd Earth 24. The Cephalicks as the Roots of Birthwort Betony Leaves Galanga 25. The Errhina that purge the Brains and the Breast by bringing down the superfluous pituite lying about the Meninges
Pindarici a Pindaro aut a pedibus ex quibus constant ut Iambici ab Iambis ex quibus fiunt aut a materia quam exprimunt ut Heroici a laudibus Heroum Elegiaci a maestis narrationibus aut a numero pedum ut Hexameter Pentameter a numero pedum sex quinque Scansio versus est ejusdem ope pedum dimensio Caesuta est productio syllabae brevis sub finem pedis Authores Aristoteles Horatius Alvares Despauterius c. Sect. XXVI Philosophy PHilosophy if we take it generally is the love of Wisdom if more particularly the knowledge of Natural Bodies or of the Natural Causes of Things The Aristotelian Philosophy acknowledgeth three Principles of every thing Matter Form and Privation for we can conceive nothing to be generated without these three for if I conceive the generation of fire in wood I must of necessity apprehend the Wood as the Matter as likewise the Privation of the Fire in the Wood and also the Form of Fire taking place of that of Wood. This Philosophy resolveth all difficulties relating to Bodies by Matter Privation and Form Occult Qualities and such like pretences to humane Ignorance So every Mixt according to Aristotles Principle is compounded of Matter and Form This Matter the Peripateticks call the Subject of all Forms and this Form the Act of Matter and both together the two compounding Principles of all compounded Things Aristotles Followers teach that Nature is such an Enemy to a Vacuum that to shun it she forceth heavy things upwards and light things downwards The New Philosophy holds but two simple Principles of all things Matter and Motion that as the Material Cause this as the Efficient The Formal Cause of things which School-men call a Substantial or Accidental Form being nothing else according to the Modern Philosophers but a certain Texture of the compounding Particles and by the variety of Textures every where obvious or by the various Modifications of Matter they give us a rational account of all the differences we observe among Corporeal Beings Authors of the School Philosophy Aristotle and all his Commentators as Averroes Alexander Aphrodisaeus c. Authors of the New Philosophy Descartes Verulam the Honourable Robert Boyle who in not a few things has out-done them both and is deservedly styl'd abroad The English Philosopher he being indeed the Honour of his Nation as well as of his Family Sectio Vigesima sexta Philosophia PHilosophia si latius sumatur amorem sapientiae sonat si propius specialius est corporum naturalium aut naturalium causarum cognitio Philosophia Aristotelica agnoscit tria rerum dum generantur principia Materiam Formam Privationem Nihil enim generari concipimus nisi haec tria concipiamus Si enim concipio generationem ignis in ligno necessario concipio lignum ut materiam privationem pariter ipsius in ligno formamque ignis formae ligni succedentem Haec Philosophia omnes fere difficultates ad corpora spectantes ope materiae privationis formae resolvit atque occultarum qualitatum beneficio aliisque humanae ignorantiae velamentis unumquodque igitur mixtum juxta Aristotelica principia componitur ex materia forma Hanc materiam vocant Peripatetici Subjectum omnium formarum hanc formam Actum materiae componentiaque duo principia si simul sumantur omnium rerum compositarum Aristotelis Sectatores docent Naturam Vacuo adeo esse inimicam ut illius vitandi gratia gravia sursum cogat levia deorsum Nova Philosophia duo admittit simplicia omnium rerum principia Materiam Motum illam ceu causam Materialem hanc ut Efficientem Formalis enim rerum causa quam Scholastici formam Substantialem vocant aut Accidentalem nihil aliud est juxta Philosophos recentiores quam textura quaedam partium componentium Hacque contextus varietate ubique obvia aut variis materiae Modificationibus rationalem facilem obviamque nobis reddunt rationem omnium quae observamus corporea inter entia discriminum Authores Philosophiae Scholasticae Aristoteles ejusque Commentatores ut Averroes Alexander Aphrodisaeus c. Authores novae Philosophiae Gassendus Cartesius Verulamius illustrissimus Robertus Boylius qui in multis his omnibus palmam praeripuit meritoque Philosophus Britannicus cognominatur est que reipsa Nationis suae nobilissimae Familiae ornamentum decus Sect. XXVII Rhetorick RHetorick is the Art of Speaking well the duty of a Rhetorician is to speak pertinently to the Subject in order to perswade and his chief scope must be to perswade by his discourse Rhetorick consists of four parts Invention Disposition Elocution and Pronounciation Invention is the contriving of an Argument fit to perswade and those Arguments are always taken from some of these ensuing Heads 1. From the Definition when we declare what the thing is 2. From the Division when we distribute a thing into all its parts 3. From the Etymology when we shew its Origine and signification 4. From the Species when we frame an Argument from that particular kind of thing the Subject we treat of belongs to 5. From the Genus when we bring some proof from that general thing the Subject we treat of is contain'd under 6. From the Similitude 7. From the Dissimilitude 8. From Contraries 9. From Opposites that can never concur together 10. From Comparison 11. From the four Causes Efficient Material Formal and Final 12. From the Antecedents and Consequents of a thing Disposition is the orderly placing of the things invented This orderly placing consists of five things Exordium by which the Speaker prepares the minds of his Auditors to what he is to say Proposition when the Orator declares what he intends to make out Narration when he relates the Matter of Fact with all its circumstances Confirmation when he proves his Proposition Peroration when the Orator endeavours to move the affections of the Hearers by a fit Elocution Elocution made up of Tropes as they speak in the Schools by which Words change their signification and of figures which are an Elegant and not Vulgar manner of speaking is the ornament of Speech Pronunciation relates to the Voice and the Gesture by the first we please the Ear by the second the Sight These forementioned things necessary to the compleating of an Orator being seldom found together in any Eminency gave occasion to Cicero to say that We scarce find a good Orator in a whole Age. Authors Aristole Cicero Suarez Sectio Vigesima septima Rhetorica RHetorica est ars bene dicendi officium Rhetoris est loqui apposite ad scopum hoc est ad persuadendum praecipuus enim ipsius scopus est persuadere dictione Rhetorica quatuor constat partibus Inventione Dispositione Elocutione Pronunciatione Inventio est excogitatio argumenti ad persuadendum idonei haec autem argumenta ducuntur semper ab aliquo sequentium capitum 1. A Definitione cum declaramus quid res sint