protection and to conster the statut both as the parlaments did mean it and as we haue still enioyed it to the common benefit of our hole companie Which their great goodnesse to the fauor of our order as it deserueth at our haÌ„ds an honorable remembrance so it bindeth vs further to the common care for the which we were fauored Whereunto as I find my self to be maruellouslie affectionate so dout I not but there is the like affection in manie of the same liuerie whose frindship I craue for fauorable construction whose conference I desire for help in experience being thankfullie redie in this common course either to persuade or to be persuaded Of those that ar not learned I praie frindship also euen more then half of right by cause I labor for them in whoÌ„ vnthaÌ„k fulnesse is a falt if my good will be none In generall I desire but to win so much of all men aâ—… Dauus in Terente desireth of his master wheÌ„ his good couÌ„sell had no good successe Bycause I am your boÌ„d maÌ„ saith the slaue to his master my dewtie is to trauell hand foot night and daie yea with danger of my life to do you good as common curtesie on the other side binds you to hold me excused to pardoÌ„ and forgiue me if anie my good meaning haue contrarie is shew that I do maie misse but yet I do my best I am bond to my cuntrie and bouÌ„d to hir peple I will do my best endeuor and craue pardon with poor Dauus where my best is begiled Common curtesie is naturall where there is no desert forgiuenesse is relligious euen where there is a falt but where good will deserueth well tho it fortun to fail if fauor be not shewed will not curtesie condemn will not relligion repine God blesse vs all to the auancement of his glorie the honor of our cuntrie the furtherance of good learning the good of all degreés both prince and peple FINIS An aduertisement for the print BYcause the end of ortografie is the directioÌ„ of the pen therefor where the print hath not sufficientlie expressed my forms the writer will conceiue them soon and vse both distinction by accent and dispatch by charact to his most auantage according to the rules But I must craue pardon generallie for both mine own and the printers errors which will not be auoided where manie ar to work and negligence will make one Small falts tho manie be soon perceiued and as soon supplyed by anie ordinarie reader but such as these be require a verie intelligent minde Pag. 12. lin 1. Not must be left out Pag. 12. lin 13. wrong must be wring Pag. 33. lin 31. vnrefined reason what great c. the senteÌ„ce continued Pag. 39. lin 18. the foredeall which childern ar at by their education c. Pag. 48. lin 6. anie more then himself shall nede Pag. 51. lin 37. which is to great a degré Pag. 60. lin 1. resonablie well Pag. 66. lin 29. prouing more Pag. 68. lin 13. parts not parties Pag. 69. lin vlt. when put out Pag. 84. lin 26. theie discend to particularities Pag. 99. lin 18. ar the transporters Pag. 101. lin 24. for your particular choice Pag. 12. lin 35. or as age and ouer wearing Pag. 103. lin 29. Wherefor if it shall please Pa. 258. lin 23. Celtopadie for Celtopaedie Pag. 268. line 3. this for thus lin 4. no for to lin 8. sound for found c. But I leaue the vnresonable resideâ—… to the gentle and considerate reader A short repeating of the for mer book entitled Positions The proper argument of the Positions The cause why good things ar hardlie planted at the first VVhy reformation is hard lie won That reformation come once tho most-what late 10. Iiiad The cause of this book grounded vpoÌ„ the former 1. health diet apparell exercise 2. Learning knowledge behauiour Behauiour Knowledge My promis The Elementarie matter The goodnesse of the thing The autoritie of the persuader The mean to work persuasioÌ„ The best writers opinion concerning these principles Plato 2. 3. Polit. Pamphilus master to Apelles Plin. lib. 35. Cap. 10. Aristotle 7. 8. Polit. Institut Or. 1. The necessitie of choice at this time The end wherefor choice is made The priuat end of studie The publik end of studie Magistrates principall and subaltern The qualities of the bodie and the minde which lead this choice The choice in bodie The choice in minde A quik conceiuing A fast retaining Cyrus in Xenophon The Romaine soldiers in Liuie Pamphilus in Terence The qualities in choice for performance Libertie and abilitie two great respects in choice Cic. 2. de Off. Cic. de clar Or. The six reasons that proue the goodnesse of this elemeÌ„tarie 1 2 3 4 5 6 Plato 2. 3. Pol Arist. 7. 8. Pol. Quint. 1 Inst. Reading VVriting Drawing Musik Grammer The parents charge at home 2. Polit. 4. Polit. The helps to further capacitie Naturall helps to further capacitie The minde The bodie Artificiall helps to further capacitie The best qualities of the minde Vertew Knowledge Exercise the cause of capacitie in the bodie VVhat is ment by the name of natur VVhat it is to resemble natur in train The generall diuision of this title for naturall abilities and artificiall principles VVhat natvrall abilities ar VVhat artificiall principles be The generall diuision of abilities by the soull and bodie by our being onelie and our being well VVhich be the abilities of our being and which of our well being That this Elementarie answereth euerie particular abilitie in natur The first and primitiue naturall powers in our bodie 2 3 4 The perfectioÌ„ of these qualities for our best being How educatio and train work in the particular abilities The applying of the artificiall principles to the naturall abilities Themultitude of principles That hardnesse is a chefe hindrer of learning In what maner and how this Elementarie expelleth ignorance The description of Timotheus the Athenians victo ries applied vnto childern The force of Platoes note that all learning semeth to be of som fore acquaintance to vs. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 VVhat a toill good students ar driuen vnto for want of their first train VVho can best iudge of this question concerning the difficultie in proces of studie Dionysius and his cook Misliking riseth either vp on desert or vpon opinion miscaried That the matter of learning is not to be misliked vpon desert Ignorance preiudice the greatest enemies and mislikers of sound learning Ignorance hir grounds Negligence Infirmitie Preiudice hir grounds How this Elementarie presenteth misliking by planting of knowledge The duble vse of grammer 2. That grammer pleasureth vs euen for the fining of our own spech alone The matter of the Elementarie and the maner of teaching it The matter of the Elementarie The plat and method of the English ortografie 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The plat and method of the principle of reading 1. 2. 3. 4. The
by reading Doth not all our deliuerie brought furth by the minde and set furth by the pen acknowledge a dewtie to the principle of writing Doth not all our descriptions which figur in the thought and pictur to the sense both preach praise the pencill which causeth them be sene Doth not all our delite in times not bisied as all our labour is for rest all our trauell for ease all our care to auoide care protest in plane termes that it is wonderfullie endetted to either part of Musik both by instrument and voice the naturall sweter of our sour life in anie mans iudgement that is not to sour Now what learned qualitie is there of anie commendation but it falleth within this number and is furthered by these principles whether it be chefe profession of greater note or meaner facultie of lesse account or necessarie trade of vnforbearable vse And not to leaue exercise quite vntuched seing it is mere Elementarie alwaie to ioyn with ech ascent in learning as the bodie growing in strength or in years requireth more or lesse stirring by the artificiall benefit thereof the fete excell in swiftnesse if natur be according the arms in strength the hole bodie in ech part for all gifts in ech part which either concern helth or cause actiuitie And as so manie principles appointed for the minde being cunninglie applied thereunto do make it most able both to conceiue with the soonest and to deliuer with the fairest euen so the one principle of exercise being skilfullie applied according to right circunstance maketh the bodie most actiue in all parts to execute all functions both of necessitie and praise with a meruellous nimblenesse All qualities therefor whether belonging to the bodie bycause their excutiō is by it or partaining to the minde bycause their seat is in it must nedes cōfesse themselues to be so auanced by this Elementarie as in dede theie were nothing if it were not Take exercise awaie what then is the bodie but an vnweildie lump what vse of it hath either cūtrie in defence or it self in delite Remoue precept and practis and where then is vertew which neither knoweth what to do if it be not directed neither doth when it knoweth if it faill of practis Set these fiue principles apart what can the vnlearned eie iudge of the vntrained hand deall with the vnframed voice please with If all the principles want then all the qualities faill if som certain wāt then so manie faill as procede frō them that wāt If all the principles be had then all the qualities will follow Wherefor I conclude that if all commendable qualities do fall within this compas if these principles auance them all if want in the one cause defect in the other that then this Elementarie must nedes cause the childe being so well trained to be most capable of most commendable qualities and that the defect in these must of mere necessitie cause defect in those Whereof theie can best iudge which when theie grow in years then perceiue their own lak which commeth for want of such a foretraine At which time one of these things streight waie enseweth Either theie condemn that which theie know not thorough ignorance or theie contemn that which theie dispare of thorough insolence or theie mone that which theie misse of thorough negligence most comonlie offrinds which regarding litle else but the waie to welth desire rather a compendious path to compas that then a longer circuit to com by a better tho in the end theie perceiue that at the first theie might well haue obtained both with verie small ado Wherefor the Elementarie being so absolut and yeilding so great a capablenesse to further qualities it were to great an ouersight in those parents which haue oportunitie at will to neglect it in their childern in stede of knowledge in all to leaue them ignorāt in som and cause them in years to mislike where theie cannot iudge contemn where theie cannot compas bewaill where theie fele want chefelie considering that as it will make childern capable of the most so it self is compassable well nigh by the meanest Cap. VII That this Elementarie resembleth natur both in number of abilities and in maner of proceding THe third prouf of a good Elementarie was to resemble natur in multitude of abilities and to procede so in teaching as she doth in towarding For as she is vnfrindlie wheresoeuer she is forced so is she the best gide that anie man can follow wheresoeuer she fauoreth Wherefor if natur make a childe most fit to excell in manie singularities so theie be furthered and auanced by Elementarie train in the younger yeares is not that education much to be blamed by whom the falt coms and the infant is defeated of that same excellencie which natur voweth and negligence voideth Again when there is nothing ment vs by natur but train will help it forward is not train it self to be thought most perfit and the mean of the train to be held most absolut which spredes with natur where she splaieth most as manifold in preferring as she is in profering Whē I vse the name of natur I mean that power which God hath emplanted in these his creaturs both to cōtinew their own kinde that it do not decaie to answer that end wherefor these were made The continewance of their kinde is the prouf of their being but the answering of their end is the frute of their being This latter part is that point where vnto education hath a speciall eie tho it contemn not the other that the young fry maie be brought vp so as theie maie proue good in the end and serue well in that place wherevnto theie shal be loted for the benefit of their countrie when theie com to years and full state of prouf For the performance whereof that theie maie proue such in dede I take it that this Elemētarie in his kinde is most sufficiēt as being the best mean to perfit all those abilities which natur endoweth our kinde withall by those same principles which art and consideration appointeth it withall and by vsing such pollicie in the waie passage to artificiall perfectiō as natur hir self doth vse in hir ascending to hir naturall height Bycause the end of education and train is to help natur vnto hir perfection which is when all hir abilities be perfited in their habit wherevnto right Elements be right great helps This is that resemblance of natur which I do mean not to counterfeat hir in som other work as fondlie comparing or frowardlie bragging with the effects of natur like som Apelles in purtrait or som Archimedes in motiō but when consideratiō iudgemēt wiselie marking whereunto natur is either euidētlie giuen or secretlie affectionat doth frame an education consonant therevnto to bring all those things to perfection by art which natur wisheth perfit by franknesse of hir offer If natur do offer a towardnesse to write and
else letter whereby we pronounce By this discription it appeareth that the rules which belong to right writing in this kinde be either generall to the tung or particular to the charact The former sort of the two do bak the latter like the generall notioÌ„s in Geometrie The latter ground the generall truth of their main reason vpon the former the particular credit of their own argumeÌ„t vpon theÌ„selues And yet theie both haue but that assuraÌ„ce in natur which reason custom and sound haue agreid vpon by consent and willed Art to set it down as a couenant of theirs The generall rules which be the main grouÌ„ds of the hole tuÌ„g be either known conclusions allredie handled and won or such consequents as follow them of necessitie as these be 1 That the bodie of ech letter and distinction is creatur to deuise and the vse thereof to our consent 2 That reason sound custo direct right writing ioyntlie ar not to be seuered in giuing the cause why words be so writen 3 That the right in writing is a thing to be fouÌ„d out in our vse as of acquaintaÌ„ce not to be forced in vpoÌ„ our vse as a stranger 4 That in reforming things of common practis the clearing of the old which is abused and not the breding of a new which is vntried is the naturall amendment 5 That in common executions the common fauor is the common furtherer 6 That euen by reasons leaue the verie pen and dispatch in writing will haue one ore in the right of writing serue it self with som priuat trik 7 That to haue the most well you must yeild to som particularities not of best reason 8 That no rule of Art can deall so but it must leaue manie particularities to dailie practis to be learned by oft vsing and such like obseruations which be common staies both for Art to direct by and the pen to write by The particular rule exami neth the force of all such characts as we vse in writing whereof there be two kindes the one signifying and sounding the other signifying but not sounding Those characts which signify but sound not ar certain notes which we vse in the writing of our English tuÌ„g for the qualifying of our words sentences in their pronouncing by that which is sene in the form of our writing which be in nuÌ„ber thirtene in name form these Coma Colon Period Parenthesis interrogation the longtime ¯ the short time ˘ the sharp accent the flat acceÌ„t the streight acceÌ„t the seuerer the vniter the breaker = I vse the foreÌ„ originall names in most of these bycause both the notes themselues be of a foren brede and theie be commonlie best known by their own cuntrie names I might darken more if I should deuise new names then by enfranchising of the foren a thing comon to all speches which vse the translate terms of anie Art Here it shal be sufficient onelie to shew their number names and form I will handle their force vse in the title of distinction wherevnto theie belong naturallie Those characts which both signify and sound be called letters concern both the substance and the deliuerie of our sounds and are considered either alone as a. b. c. or in combination as the diphthongs ai aw ou the coplemeÌ„ts with h. ch th gh the abbreuiations w c. y t. w t. of all these I will note somwhat in particular and first of the single letters whose names be familiar in our daielie vse their nuÌ„ber 24. their form either great or small great A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q R. S. T. V. W. X. Y. Z. small a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. s. e. t. v. u. w. x. y. z. In these letters there are to be considered their place and their form As for their place the great letters ar to begin full sentences as The kingdom of heauen is redie for the repentant And proper names as The cursed Cain killed the good Abell And to write numbers with where the letters be vsed in numbring as C. for an hundred L. for fiftie The small letters place is euerie where else besides these thré where the great ar to be writen Som of the small letters as s. and v. be of mo forms then one and somwhat different therefor in place The long s. serueth in all places which be capable of the lesse form sauing the verie last The other two litle ones s which is but coÌ„uert to the small writeÌ„ s no abbreuiatioÌ„ indede com onelie in the end of a word that vpoÌ„ such cause as shal be noted hereafter V. begins the word or syllab and is allwaie vsed coÌ„sonantlike as u. expresseth the vowell in the midle or ending syllabs it is vsed for the other form of v. mostwhat for the dispatch in writing This is enough for the number name form and place of both the great and small letters Their force is to be considerred either generallie by diuision or particularlie by enumeration of euerie single letter For their diuision all the 24. letters be either vowels as a. e. i. o. u. or consonants as b. c. d. f. g. k. l. m. n. p. q. r. s. t. x. z. or in som vses both consonants and vowells as i. v. w. y. besides that h. is an aspiration onelie in power tho a letter in form and a consonant in som combination as in the weak ch chat chip change For in the strong ch as charact archangell Christian it is but the aspirat The consonants be either mutes and close the sound as b. c. d. g. k. p. q. t. or half vowellish as f. l. m. n r. s. x. z. which hauing the help of a vowell to begin their force continew it themselues a great while after This is enough for the generall diuision of the letters at this time Their enumeration sheweth the force and vse of euerie particular letter in order as I will deall with them first with the vowells and then with the consonants and either of their combinations diphthongs coplements and abbreuiations The vowells generallie sound either long as compÄring reuÄ“nged endÄ«ting enclÅsure presÅ«ming or short as ransaking reuÄ•lling penitent omnipotent fortunat either sharp as mate méte ripe hópe dúke or flat as mà t mèt rip hòp dùk. Which diuersitie in sound where occasion doth require it is noted with the distinctions of time and tune tho generallie it nede not considering our daielie custom which is both our best and our commonest gide in such cases is our ordinarie leader as in the title of distinction it shal be handled at large A A Besides this generall note for the time and tune hath no particular thing worth the obseruation in this place as a letter but it hath afterward in proportion as a syllab All the other
their workmanship then to work their own tūg to be worth the like wōder Our English is our own our Sparta must be spunged by the inhabitants that haue it as well as those tungs were by the industrie of their people which be braued with the most and brag as the best But it maie be replyed again that our English tung doth nede no such proining it is of small reatch it stretcheth no further then this Ilād of ours naie not there ouer all What tho Yet it raigneth there and it serues vs there and it wold be clean brusht for the wearing there Tho it go not beyond sea it will serue on this side And be not our English folks finish as well as the foren I praie you And why not our tung for speaking our pen for writing as well as our bodies for apparell or our tastes for diet But our state is no Empire to hope to enlarge it by commāding ouer cuntries What tho tho it be neither large in possession nor in present hope of great encrease yet where it rules it can make good lawes and as fit for our state as the biggest can for theirs and oftimes better to bycause of confusion in greatest gouernments as most vnwildinesse in grossest bodies But we haue no rare cunning proper to our soil to cause forenners studie it as a treasur of such store What tho yet ar we not ignorant by the mean thereof to turn to our vse all the great treasur of either foren soil or foren language And why maie not the English wits if they will bend their wills either for matter or for method in their own tung be in time as well sought to by foren students for increase of their knowledge as our soil is sought to at this same time by foren merchants for encrease of their welth As the soil is fertile bycause it is applyed so the wits be not barren if theie list to brede But tho all this be trew yet we ar in dispare euer to se ours so fined as those tungs were where publik orations were in ordinarie trade and the verie tung alone made a chariot to honor Our state is a Moanarchie which mastereth lāguage teacheth it to please our religion is Christian which half repines at eloquence and liketh rather the naked truth then the neated term What tho Tho no English man for want of that exercise which the Roman had the Athenian vsed in their spacious and great courts do proue a Tullie or like to Demosthenes yet for sooth he maie proue verie comparable to them in his own common weal and the eloquence there And why not in dede cōparable vnto them in all points thorough out for his naturall tung Our brains can bring furth our cōceits will bear life our tungs be not tyed and our labor is our own And eloquence it self is neither limited to language nor restrained to soil whose measur the hole world is whose iudge the wise ear is not in greatnesse of state but in sharpnesse of peple And tho foren excellēcie were half in dispare must our own best be therefor vnbeautified It should not sure it should pearch to the height if I could help it We maie aspire to a pitch tho we passe no further The qualitie of our monarchie wil admit trew speaking wil allow trew writing in both with the brauest so that it do please and be worthie praise so that it preach peace and preserue the state Our relligion condemns not anie ornament of tung which doth serue the truth and presumeth not aboue Naie is not eloquence which cōmonlie is caried from weight of matter to folie in words the great blessing of god and the trumpet of his honor as Chrysostom calleth S. Paule if it be religiouslie bent Theie that haue red the old church storie do find that eloquence in the primitiue church ouerthrew great forces bent against our faith enflamed nūbers to embrace the same when strength from the truth ioyned with force in the word Seke it to serue God shun it to serue thy self but where it serues thine own turn with warrant from him But will ye thus break of the common conferēce with the learned foren by banishing the Latin and setting ouer her learning to your own tung The conference will not cease while the peple haue cause to enterchange dealings without the Latin it maie well be cōtinewed as in som cūtries the learnedder sort som near cosens to the latin it felf do alreadie wean their pens and tungs from the vse of Latin both in writen discourse spoken disputatiō into their own naturall and yet no dry nurse being so well appointed by the milch nurses help The question is not to disgrace the Latin but to grace our own And why more a stranger in honor with vs then our own peple all circumstances serued And tho no stranger nor foren natiō bycause of the bounder shortnesse of our language wold deal so with vs as to trāsport frō vs as we do frō other bycause we deuise no now tho we denison the old yet we our selues gain verie much there by in the course of studie to be set at the first in the priuie chāber or closet of knowledge by the mere frindship of our cūtrie tung as Iustiniā the Emperour saith to the studēts in law whē he made his institutiōs to be of imperial force that theie were most happie for hauing such a foredeal as at the verie first to hear the Emperours voice which those of elder time did not attain vnto so soon by the full term least of four hole years And doth not our lāguaging hold vs tak four years that full think you If it hindered vs no more tho it help vs verie much the losse were the lesse For the time it is most certain that we ar hindered by tungs tho we must harken vnto them till we haue help at home And that our best vnderstāding is in our naturall tūg if we minde mark it who can deny which is able to se that all our forē learning is applyed vnto vse thorough the mean of our own without the applicatiō to particular vse wherfor serues learning But it is pitie to deface such honorable antiquitie No pitie forsooth to honor our own doing no worse to them then theie did to vs by either spoiling our cūtrie as all histories witnesse or defacing our lear ning if the Celtopadie saie trew O spare Babilon it is a fair town saue Dianaes chirch it is a fair temple worship forē speche for that ye maie take frō it Then be bōd still to Babilō then be paganes still with Ephesus thē be still borowers of the borowers thēselues If this opinion had bene allwaie maintained we had allwaie worn old Adās pelts we must still haue eaten the poëts akecorns neuer haue sought corn we must cleue to the eldest and not to