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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43489	An astrological discourse with mathematical demonstrations proving the powerful and harmonical influence of the planets and fixed stars upon elementary bodies in justification of the validity of astrology : together with an astrological judgment upon the great conjunction of Saturn & Jupiter, 1603 / written by that worthy, learned gentleman, Sir Christopher Heydon, Knight ; and now published by Nicholas Fiske ...	Heydon, Christopher, Sir, d. 1623.; Fiske, Nicholas.	1650 (1650)	Wing H1663; ESTC R16056	46,071	129

and seemed to move by little and little unto the center of his Globe And whereunto shall we refer the illumination and extinguishing of the Comets and new Stars which in this our age have been observed to flame in Heaven it self Do they not all demonstratively prove generation and corruption in Heaven True it is that by reason of our remote distance from the heavenly Spheres we cannot by sense attain to every particular alteration which hapneth there And therefore Aristotle neither being acquainted with the Worlds Creation nor in former ages finding any alteration in Heaven but still receiving by tradition that the Planets the fixed Stars their motions and the medium in which they are remained the same while in the mean time the Earth and Elements are dayly subject unto divers changes familiar to our eyes concludeth from Experience Heaven to be priviledged from almutation but the Elements to be obnoxious thereunto But could either Aristotle be informed that now this latte● age more diligent then the former hat● observed new bodies in Heaven or were it possible that our mortal eyes might from the Heavens behold the Earth as now from the Earth we behold them I verily am perswaded that both the Philosopher would change his opinion and that we should from Heaven behold as little alteration in the Globe of the Earth as now we observe in Heaven He that listeth to read more of this matter let him peruse Kepler himself cap. 23. de Nova Stella where he doth purposely treat of this Subject and proveth by five particular Reasons That the matter of Heaven is alterable Which if it be true then is their Argument from the consequence of alteration of no force against the first qualities in Heaven but rather to be retorted upon themselves in this manner That because there is a generation and alteration demonstratively observed ergo the first qualities may likewise be affirmed there as fit Instruments of these Mutations But nevertheless leaving this Doctrine in suspence because it is new Yet is not our Cause so needy but that I dare otherwise undertake to prove the Consequent of the Reason to be false for that the Stars may very well be justified to have divers and contrary virtues without admitting any passion in the heavenly Bodies For Astra agere quod in seipsis non est is no rare Maxim among the learned some of whom use this distinction between the differing manner of these qualities in the Stars otherwise then in the Elements by supposing them in the first only effective and in the latter subjective Because as they will have it the Stars are not actually hot or cold but virtualiter that is they have a certain power to produce Heat and Cold and the rest of the qualities in the other bodies out of themselves which nevertheless are not in themselves But for mine own part I freely confess not well to conceive this subtilty though it be Scaligers how the Sun not being habitually hot yet nevertheless can burn Rather to go more directly to the work I hold the efficacy of the Stars to proceed from that natural virtue which is originally inherent in themselves which notwithstanding shall never the more subject these excellent Bodies to alteration For as the Load-stone more precious then any Diamond hath in many points a singular affinity with Heaven so it doth not fail to lend us a most lively example how contraries may be found in the same natural body without destruction thereof For what can be more contrary then attraction repulsion Yet if the Needle be touched with the North Pole of the Load-stone it is certain that as that part will attract the same so the contrary Pole or End will make it fly away yet without any danger or passion in the stone it self Why should we not therefore believe that as Heaven is far more excellent then these sublunary Bodies so it should be endowed with all the virtues which are found here beneath in a far more excellent manner and without any prejudice to the purity of the matter whereof it consisteth For if the Matter be not proportioned unto the power of the Agent no effect can follow But even by the Doctrine of the Peripateticks such is the matter of Heaven consisting of a simple and fift essence free from all passion ergo although we do admit contrary qualities to flow from the Stars yet shall this work no alteration because the matter of Heaven is not an apt subject for this purpose And for this Reason we may not consider these qualities as they are found in the Elements or mixt Bodies whose matter is passive but rather as they are inherent in a simple and pure essence priviledged from corruption being for this cause called by Aristotle agentes {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} thereby to distinguish them from those inferior things which are mutually subject to action and passion because they consist of elementary matter I doubt not therefore but by this which hath been said it doth sufficiently appear That in this Controversie between the Stars and the Elements these celestial and pure Lights have obtained priority as first indued by God with natural power by their motion Light and secret influence to excite and stir up Heat Cold Moisture and Siccity in these sublunary Bodies subordinate unto them according to their several virtues CHAP. XII The Cause why the Cold in Winter is greatest in February proved to proceed from the different Points of Heaven whose diversity is shewed WHerefore now to return from whence I digressed Having thus prepared the way I may the more boldly proceed and with better assurance according to the Rules of Astrologie ascribe this increase of Cold which commonly hapneth about February partly unto the complexion of that Sign which the Sun then passeth partly to the apparent rising and setting of those Constellations which ordinarily agree to this moneth And first concerning that part of Heaven which the Sun then holdeth we are to know that it is the Dominion of Saturn whose influence excelleth in exciting Cold as in that which follows I hope infallibly to demonstrate the same being diametrically opposite unto the Royal Pallace of the Sun which alone to those that repose in the principles delivered by Astrologers is sufficient Reason in this case But if any there be that doth doubt thereof and whether the matter of Heaven may admit variety as well as the Stars I doubt not but to satisfie him also partly by Reason partly by undoubted Exper●ence For first whereas we see the forms of divers things in this sublunary world apparantly to consent both with certain Stars and with the particular Regions of Heaven Reason teacheth us that this can proceed from no other probable cause in Nature then from the sympathy or agreeable temperature of their Substances And that one or two examples may stand for many we see the North part of Heaven particularly

because hitherto we have spoken only of the old Configurations known to the ancient Astronomers I may not forget to signifie that in these our days our late Artists whereof Kepler is the chief have added unto these former Aspects three others viz. the Quintile consisting of 72 degr. the Biquintile of 144 degr. and the Sesquiquadrate of 135 degr. so making 8 Configurations answerable to the 8 Consonant Stops in a Monochord Neither dare I for my part contradict these new additions For having made trial as wel in the speculations of the Weather Meteors as in the accidents of Nativities I dare boldly affirm That there have divers events and effects concurred with these new Configurations for which without these Considerations we can find as yet no Reason at all in Astrologie Neither wanted they true grounds of Reason for this their Observation For as in Musick there be but 3 perfect Concords viz. the Diapason Diapente and Diatessaron so in Astrologie there are but 3 perfect Aspects answerable to the foresaid Harmonies namely the ☍ the △ and the □ the ⚹ being accounted and so proved before to be but an imperfect Aspect answering exactly to B flat the first among the imperfect or compounded Concords Wherefore considering that the first 3 perfect Concords are found to have their perfect Aspects answerable unto them and that B flat being an imperfect Concord is also found to agree exactly in proportion with the ⚹ being an imperfect Aspect This gave Kepler first cause to suspect that the other Harmonical Proportions contained in the same Monochord might also have their Aspects viz. the Quintile Biquintile and Sesquiquadrate answerable unto them wherefore although as yet I have not entered into any other Geometrical Speculation why these distances are also effectual in operation as well as the former thus much for this time may suffice both for the occasion of their first invention as also for their probability to be observed in practise And now having thus discoursed at large of the Dignity and diverse Reasons of these Aspects or Configurations which are so powerful in operation I shall conclude with this desire that two things more may be further noted First That we are not only to regard these proportioned Distances among the Planets but also of the Planets with the fixed Stars Which Speculation as it hath been heretofore omitted by others either through loathness to calculate the Aspects of the fixed Stars or through neglecting them altogether so undoubtedly it hath been no small cause why our Prognosticators have failed in their Judgments by omitting a principal part of their Direction And secondly That where we finde plenty of Aspects especially coming together it is a manifest Argument that plenty of matter stirred up will follow which will cause great alteration of the Air apt for the Season AN Astrological Judgment UPON The great Conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter 1603. being its first Entrance into the Firy Trigon Sent by way of Letter from Sir Christopher Heydon Knight to Doctor Foster SIR UPon the 3 of Decemb. An. 1603. being desirous as the Weather would give leave to observe the places of Saturn and Jupiter that thereby I might attain unto the true time of their ☌ at hand I fitted my self as well as I could in the morning about 7 of the Clock to take their Distances but at that time the Air being cloudy and the Heaven only favorable about the Horizon I could perceive Jupiter only in his Matutine Emersion newly appearing out of the Sun-beams but Saturn at that time was not to be discerned by the youngest eye there Wherefore I only at that time observed Jupiter his distance a lance Meridionali 27. gr. 33. m. 30. sec The place of Lanx Merid according to Tycho was then 9. gr. 33. m. 30. sec ♏ Wherefore seeing Jupiter his latitude by the Ephem was 54. m. Sept. and the latitude of Lanx Merid 26. m. Sept. agreeing thus in the denomination of your latitude and so near the Ecliptick it is evident that Jupiter his place was quoad longitudinem without more Calculation 7. gr. 7. m. ♐ The three day following viz. 4 5 and 6. were very foul and stormy but the seventh being frosty in the morning gave me reasonable opportunity to attend this business again at what time we beheld both Saturn Jupiter and Mercury in an Isoceles triangle almost pleasantly representing the beginning of the firy Trigon But the day being broken and the Sun approaching apace we were fain to take such Observations as we could of Saturn and Jupiter and let Mercury alone Wherefore hor 7. m. 25. I observed Saturn to be distant from Lan: Meridional 28. gr. 24. m. 30. sec bis And Jupiter from the same fixed Star twice also hor 7. m. 40. 28. 24 30. at what time Saturn his light contending with the breaking of the day was very weak therefore we began with him and ended with Jupiter and by this Observation I then concluded That I thought it the Will of God I should have opportunity to observe the true moment of the great Conjunction which as appeareth by these distances happened in the 7 gr. 58 m. of ♐ for otherwise they could not both have had equal distance from the same fixed Star lying parallel in effect with them to the Ecliptick I also observed both Saturn Jupiter and Mercury upon the sixteenth day Hor. 7. m. 15. Saturn from the said Star 29. g. 28. m. paulo plus 9. g. 1. m. ♐ Hor. 7. m. 15. Iupiter from the same Star 30. g. 22. m. 30. sec 9. g. 55. m. ♐ Hor. 7. m. 27. Mercury from the same Star 32. g. 18. m. 0. sec 11. g. 51. m. ♐ All which Observations I set down to the end you may compare them hopeing you shall find they will rather confirm then derogate from the place and time of this great Conjunction of Saturn and Iupiter yet to speak ingenuously not trusting my Observation more then I should partly because the day-light would not suffer us to observe other fixed Stars with the Planets and partly by reason of the slow motion of Saturn and Iupiter I layd them aside till after perusing Kepler de Stella Nova I was the more encouraged to make account of my Observation for I found in pag. 48. that he by such Observation as he could make constituteth the time at Prage to be the 7 day 8 hor and 20 min. although afterwards he shew as little confidence in the hour as my self did before I was confirmed by his Observation Wherefore if the Meridians be compared the difference of time between his Observation and mine is not above 13 m. which is not worth the speaking of and may happen as well by the Error of Longitude as of the Observation For the Longitude of Prage as Ty●ho noteth in his Progymnasmat● pag. 131. is 38. gr. 0. m. And the Longitude of London in Mr Cambdens Britannia is 23. gr. 25. m. the

censure if they know not their Error before But forasmuch as those that are supputated to one particular place will not agree the same day to every Horizon let none from hence take occasion to calumniate Astrologie if the effects do likewise differ in divers Horizons but rather let them learn for this Cause the more to admire the Art for that from hence chiefly the true Reason doth grow why in several Elevations the Weather is oft times differing upon the same day seeing that in a small difference of latitude both the Emersions and Occultations may vary divers days Wherefore the Effect must accordingly follow the Cause The Reason why the apparent Risings and Settings are prefered by Antiquity before the true is not expressed by them but leaning simply upon observation and experience they commend the same in their Monuments to Posterity neither in truth was it necessary seeing the Reason was evident in it self For who doubteth that the substraction or addition of Light may beget such a new degree of temperature in the Air as is sufficient to Mutation As we see it often to happen in Distillations where the alteration though of a very small heat doth either perfect or give impediment to the work But whereas for the most part this Mutation turneth unto moisture this is purposely to be imputed to the great quantity of borrowed light wherewith they shine For as it is held in the Perspectives there is no doubt but that the Stars do as well reflect unto us the light of the Sun as shine with their own proper light Wherefore the Suns light being debilitated by reflection doth heat imperfectly being for that cause fitter to resolve and cause moisture to flow then to consume the same being stirred And here is further to be noted That Ptolomy doth not require the apparent rising and setting of all the fixed Stars for it is clear in that Tractate of their significations that he neglected all but those of the first and second Magnitude whereof he giveth two Reasons one because the exact Emersion and Occultation of the lesser Stars cannot be observed by reason that their weak light is not able to overcome the twi-light whereby the Arks of their Apparition being uncertain the Apparition it self cannot be calculated The other Reason is because these more notable Stars are for the most part so conveniently scituated as the Appearances of the lesser hapning much about the same time are not so to be regarded as these that are more illustrious And thus for example he thinketh it enough to observe the apparent Risings and Settings of Arcturus and Spica though we pass Vindimiatricks in silence neither careth he much for the Haedi or the Vergiliae or Hyades so he observe Hircus and the brightest of the Hyades Wherefore Ptolomy hath not supputated these Apparitions for above 30. my self coming short of him by 6. For more of the first and second Magnitude do not rise and set to us because the declinations of divers do exceed the complement of our Pole and therefore if the Sun be septen●rional they never set as Lyra Lucida Persei Dexter humerus Aurigae Con●a Cygni and the like Or if this excess be Austral then they do never ●ise of which kind Canobus and Pes Dexter Centauri be which are never seen above our Horizon CHAP. XVII Intensions and Remissions by Configuration of the Stars THe Causes hitherto mentioned although they be very divine and contain much excellency in them yet they come all neerer the nature of Matter then this which followeth For the manner of their operation did consist chiefly in a certain flux and emission of light continued down to these sublunary bodies which although it be commonly thought without matter or time yet it is not without the demensions of Quantity For it is made by a right line it is attenuated by the distance thereof from the Star it increaseth or decreaseth with the face of the Planet it self it is hindered by opposition of a shady body and lastly the visible presence of the Star admitted it is necessarily presupposed also Neither is this found in one and the same single star considered by it self but in comparison also with others As because the Sun and Moon excel all other Stars in their visible magnitude therefore their action is most evident but in the rest whose visible Diameters are not comparable to the Suns or Moons their efficacy is hardly sensible and not to be attained without long experience This cause therefore which followeth and belongeth equally to the Planets and fixed Stars is more noble and to be admired then the other For this savoreth nothing of Matter but hath only consideration of Form not so much respecting the streight beams of light which flow from every Star as valuing and esteeming how their Beams meet at the Earth between us and their Light but both when they are hidden under the Horizon and seem above the same it maketh the efficacy of the Stars more notable over all the World then at other times Which kind of operation if the Stars be swift in Motion is in a manner but momentany for that the Geometrical Angle being changed into another Angle that is improportionable and improper immediately or not long after this efficacy also ceaseth though the light of the Star at that time chance to increase For which Cause I give not so much regard to the Aspects of the Moon with other Planets in the alteration of the Weather as unto the Configurations of the Planets among themselves or with the fixed Stars whose motion being but slow in respect of the Moons doth not so suddenly vary the Angle of their Configuration at the Earth From hence it is therefore that those Arks or Portions of the Heaven allotted unto the Aspects are not so much esteemed above all other Causes in Astrological Judgments For although it be true that in all Scituations the Stars send forth their Beams unto all the parts of Heaven and Earth which they behold as may be argued out of Vitellio his Demonstration by means whereof the Beams and Lines of true motion in every two Stars do retain a mutual respect one to another and so do evermore intercept some Ark of Heaven and concur at some Angle of the Earth which may seem to make an Aspect among themselves Yet nevertheless all the ancient and modern Astronomers following Nature for their Guide have heretofore regarded these few Configurations only being but five in all namely the ☌ ⚹ □ △ and ☍ amongst which although the first do not commonly go for an Aspect because every Aspect is reputed a proportioned distance between two or more Stars yet nevertheless seeing a certain Position of the Stars in the Zodiack is rather considered in this Position then any diversity of place and that the enumeration of the Aspects ever beginneth from the Conjunction Therefore as well in respect of this

and challenged Antiquity to himself is here put down by the brightness of this new Light And further as the Sun Metaphorically representeth Kings and Magistrates and Nobility in Astrologie are resembled to the Planets about the Sun So the fixed Stars are compared to the People and Commons amongst whom some excel others and therefore whether there be a new Democraty or Aristocraty of the Church and Common-wealth founded while the Sun suffereth his light to be obscured by the ☽ or whether the Gospel often by the Scriptures resembled to the Sun shall suffer an Eclipse I take not upon me to decide But this I verily believe as far as I can look into it with any probable guess that since the beginning of this great Conjunction there hath been many Treaties of Peace over all the parts of the World both between us and the French the Lowcountry-men and the Spaniard and also between the Emperor Turks and Hungarians all which are concluded saving the Peace between the Low-countries and Spain So you shall see if I be not deceived that Treaty will break off and by that means the Wars be renewed the King of Spain utterly beaten out of his Indies and the Gospel propagated unto the Southern parts For to what other end is this new Star Perpendicular to the Indian Seas and to the best part of America To what end also though Mars seemeth in the Eclipse in respect of his Position as also in the great Conjunction in respect of his Latitude directed is he notwithstanding both in the figure of the great Conjunction elevated above all the Planets while Saturn and Iupiter are in pessimo loco and in the figure of the Eclipse as your self materially noted in imperante gradu signo over the place Eclipsed Besides you aptly note the dissembling and treacherous ⚹ of Saturn in 12. loco to the place Eclipsed together with the hostile and exact Irradiation of Iupiter to the same I speak not these things as if I pronounced them Ab Apollinis Tripode but as I compare the likelihood of future accidents by the state of things present as they have any allusion to the apparition of the heavenly bodies All which I submit to your grave Censure And so craving pardon for my tediousness and not doubting your good acceptance of my good will I commend my love unfeignedly and rest Yours most assured Christopher Heydon April 2. 1608. FINIS lib. 2. cap. 8 Continuance of operation what difference it causes between the temperature of Summer and winter Union of Beams what it causeth Quantity of Beams Crassitude of the Air The depth of Vaporous Air wherein we live In fundam Astrolog Thes. 12 19. Exercitat 75. Heat or Hotness defined Light defined or rather lightsomness Light in many natural Bodies which yet be actually cold Cold accompanieth reflected Light The light of the Moon not to be hot found by reflexion Privation can be no cause of Cold Wherein the Elements differ essentially Arist. li 1. Met. cap. 4. Zabar li 1. de qualit Element cap. 2. Tolet. 2. de gen. cor. 2. q. 1. p. 309. Scalig. exer. 18. Form admitteth not of intention and remission Axi. But Heat and Cold are intended and remitted in the Elements Ergo these qualities are not formally in the Elements Absurdi●● following upon admitting the first qualities to be formally or essentially in the Elements Alteration in Heaven by experience exemplified as well as by Reason confirmed Lib. 1. ca 10. By reason of the immense distance of Heaven the alterations there not sensible The second Reason shewing that the admitting of the Stars to produce the first qualities doth not necessarily induce alteration in themselvs The third Reason granting the heavenly Bodies to be actually hot or cold yet without mutual action or Passion by reason of the Preogative of the matter The first Reason drawn from the sympathy of these inferior thing● with the Parts of Heaven The second Reason borrowed from Valesius de sacra Philosophia The third Reason from the definition of a Star according to Aristotle Li. Almagesti Li. de Nova Stell● ca. 10. Lerius ca. 4 Lib. 2. de Nat. Novi orbis ca. 3. pag. 85. in editione Collon Agrip. p. 68. Our sharp●st Winters by Saturns Position when he is in Perigaeo Excentrici Epicycli viz. in the end of II confirmed by demonstration experience Li. 1. Prop. 17. Ann. 1441. a sharp Winter Ann. 1591. the like A direct Planet longer above the Horizon then a retrograde which is the reason why Retrogradation is reputed a Debility in respect of it self Application by Retrogradation violent In what respect a Planet shal double and treble his efficacy beyond that which a direct Planet c●n The Reason why Parallolism is so effectual Paralelism why most effectual neerest the Tropicks The fixed stars cause no new alteration and why In what cases the fixed Stars do cause alterations How the nature and virtue of the fixed Stars is found The Ancients in their predictions much guided by the rising and setting of the Stars Com. in Arat. Which is the True Ptolomy de syderum inerra●t significationibus Li. 2. ca. 12 The apparent risings settings of the fixed Stars necessary to the particular Intensions Remissions of the Weather The ancient Astronomers only regarded the apparent risings settings The Error of our Prognosticators The Reason why the same day is not alike in several Horizons The Reason why the apparent risings and settings are most regarded Borrowed light the reason why the effects of Emersions and Occultations are for the most part moist The reason why Ptolomy regardath not the apparent risings settings of all the Stars How many fixed Stars Ptolomy regarded and why I fall short of Ptolomy In what respects the precedent rules of intension and romission come neerer the nature of Matter then this now to be handled The Configurations of the Stars savour nothing of Matter but only of Form and therefore to be preferred before all other Causes Li. 5. Pro. 22. Nature hath as it were first alured us to observe the Aspects by special tokens or secret marks in the Motions Li. 2. ca. 17. The Reason why the year 1588. was reputed so fatal The aspects confirmed by their effects The Signs whereof the Aspects consist the only aliquate parts of a Circle The Subtenses of the Aspect proportionable to the diameter of the World Li. 1. ca. 12. lege Cardane Comentar The Subtenses of those Arks which are proper to the aspects joyned together only take upcircumference of the Zodiack The Angles of the Aspects viz. the △ □ ⚹ the same wherewith the aforesaid ordinate plains ocupy place about a Point and therefore do proportionably also take up the Center of the World The first Reason why these few Configurations are more effectual then others which be infinite being drawn from the harmonical proportion Ptolomy in Catoptricis How the Proportions which the aforesaid Irradiations retain in respect of themselves answer the Concords in Musick Diapente Diatessaron Diapason the 3 perfect Concords Diapente Diatessaron are parts of a Diapason Diapason severally compared with each of his parts makes up the 2 other compounded or imperfect Concords viz. Diapason cum Diapente a Triple Diapason cum Diatessaron a Quadruple or Bis Diapason The Angles which the Aspects do make at the Earth are proved proportionable to the Concords in Musick The first Figure proveth the 3 Concords to have 3 perfect Aspects The second sheweth the ⚹ to be an imperfect Aspect agreeable to Diapente cum Diapason that is a triple proportion as 60. is to 80. B flat why after a sort a perfect Concord so by the same Reason why a ⚹ may be admitted a perfect Aspect New Aspects after handled Keplers Reason why the foresaid harmonical proportions are so effectual drawnfrom the Symmetry of the World being the same that is found between the 5 Regular Bodies inscribed one within another Why Keplers opinion fully leaveth me unsatisfied A second Reason why these Aspects are so effectual and first of the ☌ ☍ whose virtue proceedeth chiefly from Union of Beams In what case the Union of two Stars in ☌ and ☍ is hindered The ☌ of Venus and Mercury not so effectual in Apogaeo Epicycli as in Perigaeo Union by Reflection between the ⚹ and △ demonstrated and the familiarity of these points of Heaven mentioned by Prolomy declared The Reason of the efficacy of the □ not depending upon Reflection or Union The third Reason why these aforesaid trradiations are of such virtue proved to depend upon their proportionable taking up of the Center of the World by their Angles whereby they must needs shine upon all Elementary matter with a due and even mixture of light influence The Reason why any 2 Stars in Configuration shall take up all elementary matter at the Center with proportionable Angles made by their Beams incident reflected or opposite Three new Aspects viz. the Quintile Biquintile Sesquiquadrate added by Kepler and the Reason which drew him to this Observation so making 8 Aspects in all answerable to so many divisions of a Monochord