and impossible to preserve it SECT XIV The Eighteenth Chapter contains Experiments about the Relation betwixt Air and the Flamma Vitals of Animals from whence it appears That it is as impossible to preserve Animals without Air as Flame SECT XV. The Twentieth Twenty first and second Chapters contain several Experiments which shew That shining Flesh and Fish as well as Worms cease to become lucid if deprived of the Contact of the Air. SECT XVI The Twenty third Chapter contains several Experiments made with a Diamond which shone in the Dark SECT XVII The Twenty fourth and fifth Chapters give an Account of an Aerial and Icy Noctiluca whose Lucidness depend on Fumes raised by the Saline Parts of the Air which being united with the Air affect the Eye jointly CHAP. V SECT I. THE Five first Chapters of the Fifth Book and the First Part shew That Bodies have only a Relative Levity under Water That the Air by virtue of its Spring presses on Bodies under Water and that the Effects of the Air on such Bodies vary according to the differing Weight of the Atmosphere and likewise contain an Invention for estimating the Weight of Water in Water SECT II. The Sixth Chapter contains the following Hydrostatical Paradoxes made out by several Experiments I. That in Water and other Fluids the lower parts are pressed by the upper II. That a lighter Fluid may weigh upon a heavier III. That if a Body contiguous to the Water be altogether or in part lower than the highest Level of the said Water the lower part of the said Body will be pressed upwards by the Water that touches it beneath IV. That in the Ascension of Water in Pumps c. there needs nothing to raise the Water but a competent weight of an external Fluid V. That the Pressure of an external Fluid is able to keep an Heterogeneous Liquor suspended at the same height in several Pipes tho' those Pipes be of very different Diameters VI. If a Body be placed under Water with its uppermost Surface parallel to the Horizon how much soever Water there may be on this or that side above the Body the direct Pressure sustained by the Body is no more than that of a Column of Water having the Horizontal Superficies of the Body for its Basis and the prependicular depth of the Water for its Heighth And so likewise If the Water that leans upon the Body be contained in Pipes open at both ends the Pressure of the Water is to be estimated by the weight of a Pillar of Water whose Basis is equal to the lower Orifice of a Pipe and its heighth equal to a Perpendicular reaching thence to the top of the Water tho' the Pipe be much inclined towards the Horizon or tho' it be irregularly shaped and much broader in some Parts than the said Orifice VII That a Body immersed in a Fluid sustains a lateral Pressure from the Fluid and that increases as the Depth of the immersed Body below the Surface of the Fluid increases VIII That Water may be made to depress a Body lighter than it self as well as to buoy it up IX That a parcel of Oil lighter than Water may be kept in Water without ascending in it X. That the Cause of the Ascent of Water is Syphons and of flowing through them may be explained without having recourse to Nature's Abhorrency of a Vacuum XI That a solid Body as ponderous as any yet known tho' near the top of the Water will sink by its own weight yet if it be placed in a greater depth than that of Twenty times its own thickness it will not sink if its Descent be not assisted by the weight of incumbent Water SECT III. The Eighth Chapter contains a Description of a new Hydostratical Instrument to estimate the difference of Metals in goodness SECT IV. The Ninth Chapter contains a short Account of the Increase and Growth of Metals And the remaining Chapters of the First Part of the Fifth Books lays down a Method to estimate the Goodness of Ores and also of Medicinal Substances by which it may easily appear That if a Body be heavier than Chrystal it must contain more or less of a Metalline Ingredient as it exceeds that in weight CHAP. VI. SECT I. THE Second Part of the Fifth Book contains several solitary Observations and Experiments both Chymical Medicinal and Physical which since nothing can be inferred from them but what hath been already taught it will be needless to mention what is contained therein especially since Historical Relations cannot be more contracted than in the Epitomy CHAP. VI. SECT I. THE First and Second Chapters of the Third Part of the Fifth Book teach That all Gems have been once in a fluid Form and that they receive their Virtues and Colours from Mineral Tinctures SECT II. The Second Chapter shews That even solid Bodies continually emit Effluvia SECT III. The Fourth Chapter shews the strange Subtlety of Effluvia a Grain of Silver Wyre consisting of 64800 true Metalline Parts and a Grain of Leaf-Gold being capable of being divided into 2000000 Squares And Fillings of Copper will give a Tincture to 613620 times their Bulk of Water SECT IV. The Fifth Chapter shews the great Efficacy of Effluviums as in Lightning and other Effluviums which affect Humane Bodies SECT V. The Sixth Chapter proves That the Effluviums of Bodies act according to the determinate Nature of the Body they come from SECT VI. The Seventh and Eighth Chapters shew That not only Animal but other solid Bodies are porous SECT VII The Ninth and Tenth Chapters contain a Natural History of Humane Blood for which I must refer the Reader to the Epitomy it not admitting of a Recapitulation of the Contents in much less room than they are there contained in SECT VIII The last Chapter of the Third Volume shews That the Operations of Specifick Medicines are Reconcilable to the Conpuscular Philosophy What he hath delivered concerning the manner of their acting it may be comprized under the following Heads Prop. I. Sometimes a Specifick Medicine may cure by discussing or resolving the Morbifick Matter and thereby making it fit for Expulsion by the greater common-Shoars of the Body and the Pores of the Skin Prop. II. Sometimes a Specifick Medicine may mortifie the over-acid or other immoderate Particles that infect the Mass of Blood and destroy their Coagulatory or other Effects Prop. III. Sometimes a Specifick Medicine may help the Patient by precipitating the Morbisick Matter out of his Blood or the other Liquors of the Body in which it harbours Prop. IV. Sometimes a Specifick Medicine may work by peculiarly strengthening and cherishing the Heart the Part affected or both Proy V. Sometimes a Specifick Medicine may act by producing in the Mass of Blood such a Disposition as may enable Nature by correcting expelling or other fit Ways to surmount the Morbifick Matter or other Cause of the Disease Prop. VI. Sometimes a Specifick Medicine may unite with the
the Faculties and Virtues of Animals and Plants depend not wholly on the Forms of mixed Bodies considered as such since the Effects of a Compound Body may be attributed to the mixed Action of the Compound Ingredients each of those Bodies co-operating and modifying each others Actions and this is evident since upon a Dissolution of that Union each Body hath its determinate Form and Virtue But here we must take notice That sometimes when the Specifick Form of a Body is destroyed the Qualities remaining may not always be the Result of united subordinate Forms but depend on the determinate Forms of particular Parts of that Body and sometimes several new Qualities may be added to a Body upon the Abolition of a specifick Form by the Influence of external Agents And to what hath been said concerning subordinate Forms we may add the following Particulars I. That it is no difficult Matter to determine the Nobleness of Forms II. Tho' several Alterations are made in Bodies by a Recess or Access of Qualities yet they retain the same Denomination and are said to have the same Form by reason of some Eminent Quality or Use III. Several Effects will be produced by Compound Bodies upon the account of the Union and Joint-Action of their Ingredients IV. Sometimes a superadded Form is accidental to a pre-existent yet it modifies the Operation of it without altering its Nature V. Besides the Operations of a Body which are specifick in respect of the whole it may have several Effects depending on the seperate and particular Properties of an Ingredient VI. That is often called the specifick Form in Bodies which is not the presiding but the most eminent VII The Forms of a Body generally called Subordinate may with more Reason be called Concurrent since upon their Coalition depends the Form of the Whole SECT V. The Fifth Chapter shews That a slight Variation of Texture produced by Motion is able to discriminate Natural Bodies and to cause them to have different Effects as Ice and Salt will freeze other Liquors tho' Water and Salt will not Where it is also made to appear that the Productions of Art are really the Effects of Nature since the Artist only puts Natural Bodies together but their Effects are really produced according to the Laws of Nature SECT VI. The Sixth Chapter teaches That the curious and various Figures of Salts may be produced without the Assistance of a Plastick Power and may result from a bare Connexion of Metalline and Saline Bodies and their Figures may vary according to the different Quantities of Liquors or the Space of Time they shoot in And as for Acids they are observed to shoot into Chrystals variously figured according to the Nature of the Menstruum or the Bodies it works upon and that by slight Alterations without the Assistance of substantial Forms Salts may be obtained appears from several Experiments laid down in that Chapter SECT VII The Eighth and Ninth Chapters containing several Experiments from whence it appears consonant to what hath been already delivered That by Alteration of Texture and a new Modification of Matter several Changes may be wrought in Bodies without the Help of substantial Forms From which Experiments several Inferences are drawn to shew the Absurdity of the Aristotelian Principles SECT VIII The Tenth Chapter contains several Experiments to shew That by an Alteration of the Textures of Bodies several Qualities may be destroyed in a Body and regained again and particularly in Salt-petre As also That the same Particles of Matter may have different Effects when in a fluid Form from what they have when solid And in the same Chapter it is made to appear That Chymistry rather destroys than discovers the Principles of Natural Bodies SECT IX In the Eleventh Chapter which contains the History of Fluidity we are told That a Body is said to be fluid because it consists of Parts which easily slip upon one another's Surfaces to which they are inclined by their porous Interstices and because by the Motion of their Parts they spread and diffuse themselves on every side till opposed by some solid Body to the Superficies of which they adapt themselves And in the same Chapter we are farther taught That in order to render a Body fluid it is requisite the Parts of them should be very minute as also of a determinate Figure That there should be Pores betwixt their Parts and that their Parts should be in a perpetual and a variously determined Motion It also shews us how a Fluid may be obtained from a Consistent Body and having illustrated the Doctrine of Fluidity by Experience it farther makes it evident That the Reason why some Fluids will not mix with others is only their particular Textures and peculiar Motion of their Parts SECT X. The Twelfth Chapter shews That the Superficies of Liquids pressing one against another give each other different and determinate Figures SECT XI The Thirteenth Chapter gives us the History of Firmness and tells us That Solidity consists in this viz. That the gross Parts of solid Bodies are so interwoven together that they are unapt to diffuse themselves several ways like Fluids and that the Figure of their Superficies is chiefly owing to the Connexion of the Parts that compose them rather than to outward Bodies so that these Three Things seem chiefly to be the Causes of Solidity Grossness of Parts Rest and the Implication of their Constituent Parts In this Chapter he also teaches That a Juxta-Position of Parts is not the only Cause of Cohesion but that the weight and spring of the Air is one great Cause nevertheless a Juxta-Position of the Parts of Glass seems requisite and sufficient to make so compact a Substance the Parts of the Matter of which it is composed being first minutely divided by the Fire before their Union And In this Chapter he farther teaches us That the Figures and Textures of the Parts of a Body may not only contribute to their Solidity but that some Liquids may become solid upon the Interposition of the minute Parts of another Body and that a Liquor may become solid upon the Addition of a Powder only And In the same Chapter we are farther taught That fluid Bodies consist not of Parts divisible into Fluid as Quantity into Quantity That there is a Plastick Power inherent in several Bodies and that Mixture is sufficient to produce Petrification SECT XII The Fourteenth Chapter contains several Instances to shew That there is a Motion in the Parts of Consistent and even Solid Bodies SECT XIII The Fifteenth Chapter treating of the great Effects of languid and unheeded Motion brings several Instances and Observations to prove I. The great Efficacy of Celerity in Bodies very small especially if the space they move through be but small as in Lightning II. That the insensible Motion of so soft Bodies as Fluids may have a sensible Operation upon solid Bodies as in Sounds when they shake the Windows of a House c.
than another To discover and compare the Changes of the Temperature of the Air made by Winds strong or weak Frosty Snowy and other Weather To compare the Temperature of differing Houses and differing Rooms in the same House To observe in a Chamber the Effects of the Presence or Absence of Fire in a Chimney or Stove To keep a Chamber at the same Degree or assigned Degree of Driness SECT XII The Eighteenth Chapter shews the Efficacy 〈◊〉 the Air 's Moisture in contracting Ropes … elling of Timber and bursting of Marca … s. SECT XIII The Nineteenth Chapter contains an Account of some unheeded Causes of the Insalubrity and Salubrity of the Air under the following Propositions I. That it seems probable that in divers Places the Salubrity or Insalubrity of the Air considered in General may be in good part due to the subterraneal Expirations especially those called Ordinary Emissions II. It is probable that in divers Places some Endemical Diseases do chiefly or partly depend on Subterraneal Steams III. It is likely that divers Epidemical Diseases are in great part produced by Subterraneal Effluvia IV. It is probable that most of the Diseases that Physicians call New ones are caused either chiefly or concurrently by Subterraneal Steams SECT XIV The Twentieth and Twenty first Chapters shew That there are several Latent Qualities in the Air which arise from the Union and Conjunction of other Bodies with it some of which may possibly be raised by the Heat of the Sun Beams and also That the Air seems to contain in it all sorts of Seminal Principles SECT XV. The Twenty second Chapter contains an Endeavour to Improve Artificial Magnets And the Twenty third and fourth Chapters shew That Magnetical Qualities depend on a Mechanical Construction of the Constituent Parts of a Body since that Quality may be altered by the Effects of Fire and other Concurrent Accidents which can only Mechanically affect it SECT XVI The Twenty fifth Chapter proves by several Experiments That Electricity may be Mechanically produced or destroyed SECT XVII The Twenty sixth Chapter contains a General History of the Air in which since nothing is contained but what is Historical it is not possible to relate the Substance in less room than it is there contained CHAP. IV. SECT I. THE First Chapter of the Fourth Book proves That Tastes may be Mechanically produced SECT II. The Second and Third Chapters prove That Odours and Colours depend on a Mechanical Texture of the Body endowed with them SECT III. The Fourth Chapter contains an Experimental History of Colours from whence it appears That Diversity of Colours frequently denote different Properties in Bodies and that the Perception of Colours depends on a particular Motion given to the Spirits in the Retina and communicated to the Brain As for the Cause of Colours it depends on the various and differently modified Superficies of Bodies or the various Figures of the superficial Parts and their Situation and sometimes the Motion of a Body by which it is enabled to reflect the Rays of Light variously to the Eye As to Particular Colours in the Fifth Chapter we are told That Whiteness depends on such a Superficial Texture as reflects the Rays of Light not upon one another but upon the Spectator's Eye by reflecting them without Refraction and that the Surfaces of White Bodies are Specular and by a Change of the Texture of its Parts a Body may be deprived of that Colour Blackness differs from White in as much as the Rays of Light are reflected inwards and not upon the Eye the Pratuberant Parts yielding to the Impression of those Lucid Rays The Sixth and Seventh Chapters contains several Experiments which prove That Whiteness and Blackness may be Mechanically altered or produced CHAP. V. SECT I. IN the First Chapter of the Appendix to the Fourth Book he teaches That Cold may be Mechanically produced or destroyed by a bare Change of Texture or Alterations otherwise Mechanically brought on without the Assistance of the Aristotelian substantial Forms or the Hypostatical Principles of the Chymists SECT II. Shews us That not only Weather-Glasses but our Senses may misinform us about Cold and the account of several Predispositions and the Temper of our Sensories as we feel it colder in the Air when we come out of a hot Bath than when only out of a warm Room c. SECT III. The Third Chapter contains Observations about the Deficiencies of Weather-Glasses c. which since they teach us only how to learn to improve the use of them and since they cannot be expressed in fewer Words I must take no farther notice of them SECT IV. Tells us That the Cause of the Condensation of the Air in Weather-Glasses and the Ascent of Water by Cold depend on the Pressure of the external Air gravitating upon the Surface of the Water without the Pipe and over-powering the Spring of the Internal Air weakened by Cold. SECT V. The Fifth Chapter contains a Natural History of Cold which since it will not admit of being otherwise related than Historically I must refer the Reader to the Epitomy SECT VI. The Sixth Chapter contains a Confutation of the Received Notion of Antiperistasis The Seventh an Examination of Mr. Hobbe's Doctrine of Cold which being only Controversial I must pass it by And as for the Eighth and Ninth Chapters they likewise containing bare Historical Truths which admit of no Contraction and this small General Recapitulation will not admit of Transcribing the whole Epitomy SECT VII The Tenth Chapter teaches us that Cold is only a Privative Quality depending on a Privation of the Motion of the Parts of a Body cooled SECT VIII The Eleventh Chapter shews That the Expansive Force of freezing Water is so great as to be able when froze in a Brass Cilinder to raise 254 Pounds tho' the Cilinder was none of the largest And in the same Chapter we are likewise told That a cold Ebullition or if one may so speak Effervescence depends purely upon the Texture of the fermenting Liquor SECT IX The Twelfth Chapter contains several Experiments which prove That Heat depends upon and is caused by a variously determined and a rapid Motion of this minute Parts of the Body esteemed hot SECT X. Contains an Account of a particular sort of Mercury which grows hot with Gold SECT XI From several Experiments made and contained in the Fourteenth Chapter it appears That the Particles of Fire may be detained in Metal and by that means add to the Weight of it And the Fifteenth Chapter contains Experiments which have the same Tendency SECT XII The Sixteenth Chapter contains a Discovery of the Perviousness of Glass to ponderable Parts of Flame and also proves That Flame may act as a Menstruum and make Coalitions with the Bodies it works upon SECT XIII The Seventeenth Chapter contains new Experiments concerning the Relation betwixt Flame and Air from which it appears that it is very difficult to produce Flame without Air
Morbifick Matter and compose a quid Nutrum which may be less offensive to Nature tho' not so easily expelled SECT IX The First Chapter of the Fourth Volume contains the Invitation of the use of Simple Medicines First Because their Effects may more easily be foreseen than the Effects of a Composition and therefore safer Secondly A greater Quantity of a good Medicine may be taken without being offensive And Thirdly Because the Effects of the Materia Medica may be sooner brought to a Certainty The Second Chapter contains Historical Observations about Vitiated Sight CHAP. VII SECT I. THE First Chapter of the Fourth Book contains the Author's Chymical Works in which it is made to appear that Chymical Principles are transmutable That a Substance looked upon to be Homogenious and a Chymical Principle may afford very differing Substances when acted on by the Fire That Fire is not the True and Genuine Analizer of Bodies That the Pipe does not separate the Principles of a Body but variously compound and alter the Texture of Body a exposed to its Action That Bodies obtained from Substances exposed to the Fire were not pre-existent in those Substances in the same Form SECT II. The Second Chapter shews the Insufficiency of the Arguments used by the Chymists and Aristotelians in favour of their Doctrine and the remaining part of the Fifth Book in General shews that Chymical Principles are producible and depend on a Mechanical Structure and Texture of Parts And farther That the differing Substances into which Bodies may be divided by Fire are not of a pure and elementary Nature nor is their Number either precisely 3 or 5. And lastly That there are divers Qualities which cannot be referred to any of these Substances SECT III. And in one of the Chapters belonging to the Fourth Part of the Fifth Book he considers and confutes the Doctrine of Acids and Alkali shewing the Insufficiency of that Doctrine SECT IV The Sixth Book which makes up the Remaining Part of the Epitomy contains an Abstract of some of his Phisiological Essays of the Usefulness of Experimental Philosophy But it is impossible to give any shorter Account of them than what is contained in the Epitomy General Heads FOR THE Natural HISTORY OF A COUNTRY COnsidering the great Improvements that have been made in Natural History by the Travels of Gentlemen Seamen and Others And the great Disadvantage many Ingenious Men are at in their Travels because they know not before-hand what things they are to inform themselves of in every Country they come to or by what Method they may make Enquiries about Things to be known there I thought it would not be unacceptable to such to have Directions in General relating to Particular Countries in as little Bounds as possible presented to their View As for the General Heads I shall offer them to your Consideration in the following Order viz. As they respect the Heavens or concern the Air the Water or the Earth First Under the first kind may be reckon'd the Longitude and Latitude of the Place and that in respect to the Changes made in the Air the Climate together with the Length of the longest and shortest Days and the Parallels come here to be considered the Retrogradation of the Sun upon Dials within the Tropicks and that naturally what fix'd Stars and what not seen there c. Secondly The Temperature of the Air is to be considered as to Heat Driness and Moisture and the Measures of them its Weight Clearness Refractive Power its Subtilty or Grosness its abounding with or wanting an Esurine Salt its Variation according to the several Seasons of the Year and the Times of the Day How long the several kinds of Weather continue what sort of Meteors it breeds most commonly in what Order they are generated and how long they usually last Especially what Winds 't is liable to whether any of them be stated and ordinary c. What other Diseases are Epidemical that are suppos'd to flow from the Air What other Diseases the Country is subject to wherein that had a share e.g. the Plague and contagious Sicknesses What is the usual Salubrity or Insalubrity of the Air And with what Constitution it agrees better or worse than others As also the Specifick Gravity of the Air compar'd with the other foregoing Qualities For this Effect it will be convenient the Traveller be provided with a Travelling-Baroscope having the Divisions usual in the other Baroscopes mark'd upon a sliding Ruler which being once exactly mark'd for London may serve for other Places and for observing the Difference between the Air here and in other Places and in most differing Climates as in the Torrid and Frigid Zone it has another Ruler coming out perpendicular from the lower end of the Sliding-Ruler that it may mark the heighth of the Mercury in the lower Leg of the Syphon so the Divisions of the upper end will shew you the Specisick Gravity of the Air at that time Thirdly About the Water are to be considered 1. The Sea its Depth specifick Gravity Difference of Saltness in different Zones the Plants Insects and Fishes to be found in it Tides with respect to the adjacent Lands Currents Whirl-pools c. 2. Rivers their Bigness their Course their Inundations their Saltish Taste as they report observable in Jordan Subterraneous Passages Fruitfulness of their Waters c. Their Lakes as that of Schernitzer in Carniola Ponds Springs and especially Mineral Waters what sorts of Earth they run through their Kinds Qualities and Vertues and how examin'd the sorts of Fishes their Bigness and Goodness compared with the Ground at the bottom their Plenty their Seasons their ways of Breeding their Haunts and the ways of Taking them especially those that are not purely Mechanical Fourthly In the Earth may be observed I. It Self II. Its Inhabitants and its Productions and those Internal or External I. As to its Self What are its Dimensions Situation East West South or North its Figure its Plains Hills or Valleys their Extent the Heighth of the Hills either in respect of the neighbouring Valleys or the Level of the Sea as also whether the Mountains lie scatter'd or in Ridges and whether those run North or South East or West c. What Promontories Fiery or Smoaking Hills c. the Country has or hath not whether subject to Earthquakes or not Whether the Country is coherent or much broken into Islands What Declination the Magnet has in several Places at the same Time and how much it varies in difrent Times at the same Place Whether before the Turnados or Hurricanes the Magnetical Needle loses its Direction towards the North and turns to all the Points of the Compass and if this Declination is influenced by Subterraneous Fire destroying it within or by Water overflowing the Surface of it or by its Vicinity to Iron Mines What kinds of Soils are there whether of Clay Sand Gravel c. What are its Products as to Minerals Vegetables or Animals
Wounding Serpent and put hot upon the Wound 31. Whether the Wood-Lice in those Countries generated out of Rotten Wood are not able not only to eat through Trunks in a Day or two and to spoil Linnen Cloaths and Books of which last they are said only to spare what is written or printed but also to support the Props which support the Cottages that they fall and whether the Remedy against the latter Mischief is To turn the Ends of the Wood that are fixed in the Ground or to rub the Wood with the Oil of that kind of Palma Christi a Plant wherewith the Natives rub their Heads to secure them from Vermine 32. Whether that sort of Vermine they meet with commonly called Ravets spare nothing of what they meetwith either of Paper Cloaths Linnen and Woollen but Silk and Cotten 33. Whether the little Cirons called Chiques bred out of Dust when they pierce once into the Feet and under the Nails of the Toes do get Ground of the whole Body unless they be drawn out betimes and whether at first they cause but a little but afterwards having pierced the Skin raise a great Inflammation in the Part affected and become in a small time as big as a Pease producing innumerable Nits that breed others Enquiries for Greenland 1. What and how much is the Heat of the Sun there in the midst of Summer compared with the Heat of it in England to be observed with a Thermometer 2. What is the most constant Weather there in Summer whether Clear Cloudy Rainy Foggy c. 3. What Weather is most usual at such and such Times of the Year 4. What Constancy or Unconstancy there is of the Wind to this or that Quarter of the Horizon or to this or that Part of the Year 5. What the Temperature of each particular Wind is observed to be and particularly whether the North-Wind be the coldest and if not whether is coldest the East or the West c. 6. What Wind is observed to bring most Ice and what to make a Clear Water at Sea 7. What Currents are there how fast and which way they set whether these Currents are not stronger at one time of the Moon than of another whether they always run one way 8. What is observable about the Tides High Spring or Neap how high the Water-Mark is above the Low Water which way it floweth which way it Ebbeth what time of the Moon the Spring-Tides fall out 9. Whether the Ice that floats in the Sea be of Salt-Water or Fresh 10. What Rivers there are in the Summer and what fresh Waters can be had 11. What Fowl are found to live there and what Beasts how they are thought to subsist in Winter how they Breed and Feed their Young 12. What Vegetables grow there and whether they yield any Flowers or Fuits c. 13. Whether there have been any Thunder or Lightning observed in those Parts as is observed in Norway 14. How deep the Cold penetrates into the Earth and whether there be any Wells Pits or Mines so deep that the Cold does not reach the Bottom thereof 15. How the Land tends and whether the Parts under or near the Pole be by those that have gone farthest that way thought to be Sea or Land and how near any hath been known to approach the Pole whether the Cold increaseth with the increase of Latitude 16. To make if possible some Experiments and Observations about the Magnet or Needle and particularly how much the Declination is there and whether they exactly observe the Degrees of Declination in their Course likewise to make Observations about the Heighth of the Sun and other Celestial Bodies and their Diameter Refractions c. 17. What is their Opinion concerning the North-East Passage 18. What Fish do most frequent those Seas besides Whales what is observable in their Fishing as the usual or unusual Bigness and Strength and the several sorts of Whales and particularly to observe whether that kind of Whale they call Trompa have in their Heads the Sperma Coeti and in their Intrals the Ambergreese looking like Cow Dung. Purchat 19. What observable Difference there is of the Coldness of the Winds when it blows over great Boards of Ice that are seen in these Seas and when not 20. To give an exact Account of the Whale-fishing throwing the Harping-Irons following the Fish 21. To describe the whole manner of making the Oil of Whale FINIS