trice overturnes our Hopes and Comforts doth therefore make the loss of Life more bitter and grievous This Disease seeming to Envie and Prevent other Languishing Distempers or Wrinckled Age in the spoil of Beauty and ruine of Strength triumphs in their Sudden and Unexpected downfall And by the cruell Ravage it makes out-does a leisurely dissolution in dismal effects both upon the Souls and Estates of many Mortals Men being thereby in surprize hail'd out off the arms of seemingly perfect Health Security throw the vale of miserable delirium stupidity or Distraction precipitated into the Shades of the other World life here being taken by furious storme has all the dreadful effects of a Pitiful saccage while a leisurly dissolution gives oportunity for Preparation to make Peace with the great Monarch whose Messenger Death is and for a honourable and happy Surrender And now since all this is done under the Presidence of a Government whose trust makes it the concernment thereof to inquire narrowly whither negligence or mistake may give occasio to the Course of so sudden a Devastation this makes it no less the Credit of Faithful Physicians then the Common interest of Mankind to put the Cure of this disease to appear in the first rank for Tryal Reformation and Improvement And may also shew the reason and necessity of our going so far back and making a Ramble to rally up the whole force of that obligation lying on the Physician to diligence and Improvement and to conjure down negligence and araigne all vulgar errors and mistakes capable to stiffle or deprave Improvement in this particular Subject or any other in that Art Such indeed seeming to stand like Mountains in the way by serious consideration therefore deserve first to be removed and levelled In Pursuing then of this Improvement of the Cure of continuall Fevers it comes to be observed that althô the remote and Antecedent cause of this and most part of other Diseases seems to be a load of Humours often viscide yet scarce do we understand the specifical essence of this or that humor which excites this or that symptome and produces the variety of diseases except in so far as the nature of the place it clogs produces the symptoms and this being a purely Mechanical reason gives but little light to the specifique quality thereof far less can we tame these noxious humours with specifique or appropriate Remedies which were indeed the best expeâ—imental improvement were it known unless in somuch as the cortex pernvianus seeming to be the specifique of intermittents is known And altho some essay to explain the essence of Diseases lodge it in such modification of the figure quantity and motion of the particles of matter in respect of the pores fibers and channels of any Bowel or Organe which make obstruction impression of pain irritation convulsion and the rest of the sâ—mptoms competent to this or that Organe which modifications seing they cannot as yet be determined and pitched on as by their subtilty escaping the Edge of the sharpest Ingine neither can these be reached or subdued by way of Indication Therefore as yet all our certain cure and curative indications are directed not against the continent and nearest cause but only against the antâ—â—edent cause or fewel of the disease to wit to carry off the load of humours and not to attacque its specifique and evil quality that being seldom if ever hit and if at any time but by a very faint blow and althô the specifique cure providing it were known would be both the shortest and surest yet this cure might ly open to the like hazard that sometimes falls out in the Cure of intermittents by the copious use of the bark which as our worthy Author observes are sometimes thereby translated into a scrobutique rhumatisme the morbifique matter being divested of one specification or modification puts on another Seing there is no specifique cure pretended to in continual Fevers their cure must then lean on some indication which false Theory and long custome has made to degress and decline to the satisfying the common indication of attenuation of the Febril matter and expulsion thereof throw the pores of the skine some forceing it by a milder some by a stronger and all urging it by some degree of Diaphoresis but still without any triumphant or solid yea rather with many lamentable and funest experiences This indeed were no unfit Design or Method if the morbifique matter were so thin and little and sticking in the superfice of the Body that it might easily yield to the impulse of Diaphoretiques But on the other hand where the matter or at least the fewel of the Disease is copious viscide and besets the first wayes the Ventricle intestines and mesentery in so far as you attenuate and force that matter by Diaphoretiques in proportion ye shal translate and turn the antecedent cause lurcking there into the continent and nearest cause of the Disease to wit by subliming that viscide and obstructing matter into the mass of Blood and habit of the Body which shall further exasperate the tumult of the Fever and overwhelm the natural efflux and reflux of the Blood and thereafter this matter being carried from the mass of Blood into Head and region of the nerves will likewise excite there symptoms competent to them being so infested till at length nature unable to wrestle under such a load of viscous matter poured in upon the Blood and Nerves wholly despirited and overwhelmed must succumb And that such an viscous slimy and copious Matter is at least the antecedent cause and fuell of many Fevers perchance also of all can be made evident not from any Ratiocination but from Antopsia or Sense it self For in several Fevers especially these accompanied with delirium or raving there has frequently been seen a great quantity of such touch flegm sometimes evacuat by stooll sometimes by Vomit and that only by putting the Finger into the Throat after which evacuation almost an total ease of all the Symptomes but chiefly of the delirum or raving did follow until that after some dayes the matter reâ—ruiting and regurgitating and bringing the same Symptoms required a reiteraâ—ed evacuation which was signalised with the former benefit and so furth as the plenty of the matter required until a perfect Evacuation Cured the Disease What novice in Medicine will judge such plenty of Viscidity and Slime could be with advantage or safety forced into the Mass of Blood to be expelled throw the Pores of the Skin or that it can be so attenuate especially under the languid natural Heat of Persons in Fevers that it be noways hurtful or obstructing when it comes to the small capillar Vessels As to the rest of Medicaments used in Fevers as Refrigerants subservient to the indication of Refrigeration since it can be shown that heat is nothing of the essence of Fevers that their proper effect is to encrease the viscidity
health and the former takes away the Excess but leaves an evil quality behind XII Insensible Perspiration attended with sweating is not good because sweating abates the strength of the Fibres Yet it may be accounted good in respect it maâ—es a diversion from a greater evil XIII Insensible perspiration is visible when the nutriment is too copious or when the natural heat is languishing or throw violent motion XIV To apprehend ones self to be lighter when really they are not so is a most wholesome state XV. The first seeds of Diseases are sooner known by the alterations of perspiration then from the lesion of the Actions XVI The perspirable matter retained neither being resolved by Nature nor by a Fever superveening disposes the body presently to a malignant fever XVII Labour and pain of the body hinders Perspiration XVIII The least cold in the night time hinders Perspiration XIX Frequent tossing in the Bed in the Summer time hinders Perspirâ—tion XX. The internal causes hindering Perspiration are either the occupation of Nature any otherwayes Or the diversion of the perspirable Matter some other way or the weakness of the strength to expel it XXI Cloaths very burdensome hinder Perspiration XXII After the twelfth hour from the taking of Meat there is scarce perspired half a pound and then is the season of giving Aliment or Medicaments XXIII To Aliment or Medicat in the hours of the Morning before that which is the time of the greatest Perspiration does hurt because it diverts the Perspiration XXIV The external causes hindering Perspiration are Air Cold Foggie and Moist Swimming in cold water Meats Grass and Viscide Intermission of Exercise of Body Mind and in robust Persons abstinence from venerie XXV The external cold hinders Perspiration in weak Persons but augments it in robust Persons XXVI By Yawning and Streatching of the Joints there is great endeavours of Nature to void the perspirable matter retained XXVII The summer heat is very troublesome when Perspiration is retained XXVIII Venerie actual frigidity of the Body too plentiful drinking and supping as Young Men do too great Anger and much Exercise All these shorten the Lives of old Men. XXIX Insensible perspiration being quite obstructed in the Brain causes Apoplexie in the Heart causes palpitation and in the Matrix causes Suffocation and in the ignoble parts causes Gangren XXX Vomiting diverts both urin and perspiration XXXI The Knees being actually Hot helps both Sleep and perspiration XXXII The Flux of the Belly is Cured by promoving perspiration viz By Bathing XXXIII These that urin more than that they Drink perspire little XXXIV Hypochondriack Persons are much eased if their Bodies be rendred perspirable by frequent Baths and by a Moistning dyet XXXV Insensible Perspiration being promoved by Fomentations before the Body be purged draws more to the superfice thereof than it can perspire XXXVI Any place of the Body being very cold in the winter hinders the Perspiration of the whole XXXVII To ly in the Summer time with the Body uncovered hinders Perspiration SECT II. Concerning Air and Water 1 COld Air and washing with cold Water does heat robust Bodies but refrigerates weak ones 2 Warm Air and warm washing unless Crudities gain-stand help Perspiration and refrigerate the internal Bowels 3 Water that is heavy and Air that is foggie turn the perspirable Matter into an Ichor or sharp Matter which for the most part causes a Cachexy or evil disposition of the Body 4 In a cold and clear Air Perspiration is likewayes stoped because the Pores are condensed Yet because the Fibres are also roborated therefore the retained perspirable Matter is neither felt nor does hurt 5 In a foggie Air the perspirable Matter is retained and the Pores are filled and not condensed and the Fibres are relaxed and not roborated And therefore the perspirable Matter retained both hurts and is felt 6 A cold superveening to a warm day especially the usual quantity of drink being taken stops about a third part of the Perspiration that day 7 Weak persons are most hurt by the sudden approach of cold 8 A pleasant Cool coming upon Bodies heated hurts them more then the greatest coldness of Air or Water because the first obstructs and relaxes the Pores and the last obstructs and â—oborats them 9 A pleasant â—outherly Air with violent exercise is oft times very dangerous for the Air brings the stoping of the Perspiration and the exercise brings the acrimony thereof 10 Weak persons in the Winter evacuat the Perspirable Matter retained by Urine and robust Persons in Summer 11 Long Droughts are wholesomer than continual Rains for they make the Body lighter 12 In the Summer we are troubled with heat not because of the heat of the Air for every place of our Body is hotter then the Air but because the Summer Air does not sufficiently concentrat the internal heat but suffers it to diffuse whereby it is less powerfull to dispel the perspirable Matter which being retained becomes Acrimonious and so becomes troublesome to us In the Summer in the day time but in the Winter in the night time robust Bodies perspire most 14 Want of Perspiration in the Summer brings a Maligne Fever but in the Winter scarce brings any hurt The perspirable Matter retained turning far sooner Acrimonious in the Summer than in the Winter 15 Sleeping in the open Air in the Summer with the Body uncovered hindering very much Perspiration proves exceedingly dangerous 16 The perspirable Matter retained is not apt soon to hurt the internal Bowels unless it become acrimonious by external heat by violent motion or by its long stay 17 The hurt of immoderate Venery is in some manner allaâ—ed by cold immediatly succeeding heat which concentrats the internal heat 18 In the Summer nights by the variety of the temper of the Air Bodies are very much disposed to Fevers 19 From the Autumnal Equinoctial until the Winter Soâ—â—tice there is every day about a pound of perspirable matter retained 20. Autumnal Diseases shall be escaped if your body be not of more weight in Autumn than it was in Summer 21. You shall be troubled with no Disease in the autumn if â—ou meet the supervenient cold with sufficient clothing and by the use of Diureticks keep the body in the same weight it was before 22 Those that are troubled with diseases in the Winter arising from the plenty of humors are to be purged in the Autumn but not in the Spring and are to be brought to the weight that they had in the beginning of Summer 23 When Diseases come from an evil quality the Body is to be purged in the Spring for the Summer increases most the evil quality 24 Those that throw off their cloaths early in the Spring or are too long in putting them on in the Autumn do fall into Fevers in the Summer and into Distillations and Defluxions in the Winter 25 Health would be preserved even to the extremity of Age if the Body were kept in an
Advantage and Safety it may and for keeping of its Honour it must become more remiss and be made a rarity of Thô Medicine gives no Monopolising Prehemenencies by vulgar Opinion and this Diligence gives neither Dispensation nor Priviledge but suitable to the necessity of the present exigency And next but withal more especially this particular Diligence does consist in the secret inward and conscientious Industry making an exact Expiscation of all concurring outward and visible causes and other circumstances with the accurate observation of all the Phoenomena and narrow consideration likewise of the disposition of the Body by which Light may be brought to or a genuin idea given of the continent cause or essence of the Disease in hand This Cause alwayes lying invisible and secretly couched in the disposition of the Body betwixt these two visibles of outward causes and Phoenomena And this Diligence here also requires the consigning of these to Writing that with more leisure and effect all being duely pondered there may be farther discovered what effects the given causes are apt to produce in the Body for by the Contemplation of their Nature may be known what will be the consequence of such seditious Disturbers their invading the oeconomie where comes likewise to be considered the disposition of the Body and its susceptibility either of impressions altogether different from or of more grave effects then these ordinary resulting from such causes use to be this commonly resolving in an Idiosyncrasia or Propriety of temperament and thus also the Physician may consider fully the Phoenomena what News and Report they do bring from the inward troubled state of the Oeconomie where it is also observable thô these Phoenomena being often in disguise impose upon and deceive the Unexpert yet being soon unvisarded by the sagacious Artist they may be made to tell without dissimulation the truth So by making a judicious calcule of the given causes disposition of the Body and appearances there may be in most cases more then a probable computation also be made and a true Idea thereby had wherein the discomposure of the Oeconomy doth immediatly consist and for restoring of it solid and sure Measures adjusted and taken and that either by means of the Phisicians proper but solidly founded experience or that of the more eminent Practitioners likewise being consulted And this method of consigning the Patients case to write and for the same use and end was the custom and practice of that famous Practitioner Theodor D. Maynerne of whom Harres in his Pharmocologia anti Empyrica relates That in Chronical cases especially such as would permit deliberation he used not to shake his Consultation out of his Sleive but comitted all the circumstances and Phoenomena of the disease to his Diaries about which he consulted his dumb Doctors by summing up all their Councils having gotten a true Idea of the Disease he did thence take his indications Moreover this exact consignation of the Patients case to writing being equally conduceable to the Physician seems to be of far more necessity to him by reason of the far greater import and difficulty of his Practice than that usual exactness in Lawyers their taking up the state of their Clients causes likewise in writing is unto them For the damnages of their negligence thô more perceiveable are yet more tollerable and reparable then the same in Medicine where it is scarce permitted to fault twice and over the Brink the dearest Life is irrecoverably precipitated This particular industry doth farther require the inserting also into a journal as a proper conservatory thereof the whole history of the Physicians daily practiceâ— therein being particularly comprehended the Medicines given to each Patient with the effects thereof For by such an exact History he will be surely directed how to take his measures and make more safe and ready hitts in their cases who having been formerly his Patients stand there recorded as the subjects of any remarkable circumstances or scene of medical Practice There being truely few but something various and singular in their Temper doth discover it self which concerning their security and safety concern also the Physicians diligence and fidelity to be carefully put in record and without this record as a compass to steer by he will be in hazard either to commit some error of precipitancy or to lose time which the quick current of some cases may render extraordinary value able precious in reiterating those irksome Nauseous thô hovering Trials to familiarize their nature temper constitution that at first his caution did necessarly put him upon And such Physicians who neglecting this especially under the throng of many Patients or considerable intervention of time do not more carefully take up preserve such Lineaments of their Patients Constitutions as their occasions of medicating them does afford save what alone their Memory can give them thereof since thereby they seem altogether to transgress violate the only condition inferring the benefit of their being the ordinary deserve they not likewise to forfeit that endearing relation and the priviledges thereof which like Love thô it should cover many of the Physicians Infirmities yet scarce any of such important and gross Negligence where for so small and easie coast they forego so great a Benefit to their Patients And moreover this Iournal serving the Physician for a Map of the various uniformity of the operations of Nature and these even by his own Survey drawn from the Life the serious and frequent view thereof by giving him more solid full and bright Ideas of Diseases and their â—ures only begets that so much talked of but rarely found experimental Knowledge which in proportion to its solidity will surely direct the steady stirring of his Course in after practice And that the solid experience in Medicine thô after never so much practice can nowayes so fully and exactly be produced as by such an exact Historiography is altogether clear from the multiplicite complexity inveiglement and variety medical Caises are alwayes circumstantiat with which undoubtedly therefore require to be most exactly and fully collected represented and specified to imprint and conserve in the Mind all these genuine Ideas that are necessary to bottom all these reflexive comparative and discursive Acts of the Judgement requisite to compute conclude and enter in true and consequential experience Moreover this diligence of compiling an exact History of his Practice wherein that of others faithfully communicate to him may also be comprehended is clearly resembled in its method and also in its utility confirmed by that diligent care of Lawyers when they do collect and digest into certain classes and heads all Decisions and Practices of particular Cases These indeed being seriously considered and pondered by imbrightning unravilling specifying their notions of Law does give them the truest Impressions of Right which denoting also experience in Law must undoubtedly enable them by more certain Hitts to make the most
the small channels and conduites betwixt the Arteries veins In which passage for the most part it depositates its nutritious parts or particles So it is very probable that slowness of the bloods motion to overcome which the heart excites frequent pulses doth for the most part proceed either from the number or magnitude of these Globules augmented or some viâ—iation of their spherical figure as their scabricity and the like Or further thorow the viscidity of the serum into which as a vehicle they swim and are carried And thô from any of these alone this slowness of the blood may clearly proceed yet it is certain that the ingemination and complication of these causes rendring the groseness of the Blood more intense may also render the slowness of its motion more contumacious To conclude then as by this scheme here laid down seemes indeed may be given pretty clearly both a rational discovery a Mechanical solution of the nature phenomena of Fevers so it appears that former explications thereof having raised so many fumy efferveseences and turbid fermentations concerning them could never yet bring the matter to a digested pellucide and defecat conclusion but having clouded the eyes with the mist of â—iry phantasmes still left the mind boiling and working in the tumult of commotion doubt and difficulty SECT VIII Shewing that the Heat in Fevers is the â—ffect of the slow Motion of the Blood And how Heat is made may be consistent with that slowness SInce by what is said the rapid Circulation of the Blood in Fevers seems to be overturned And that the rapid motion thereof was the only adequate Reason commonly given to solve the Phaenomenon of Heat in Fevers Because swift and violent motions used often times to produce Heat in Bodies althô we perceive motion to produce Heat in no bodys but where it is acompanied with grating and grinding of hard solid parts on upon another but never in fluids and so we find the violent motion of the Body produces Heat therein by the atâ—rition which the Museules make on themselves and the adjacent parts Which also produces a thickness of the Blood and in consequence slackens its motion It remains to inquire to what parent this off spring of Intenss and Feverish Heat can be most properly legitimate The inquiry into this Phaenomenon may not only discover how Heat is made but will perhaps also further establish the Hipothesis of Fevers already laid down For if we take a view and find that all these things which as external causes bring Imoderate Heat that the same do bring on a pace with them thickness and crassness of the Blood Which is necessarly followed with the slowness of its motion And so to supply the parts with proportionable reparation suitable to the waste that is made the Acceleration is stimulated and frequent pulses are excited in proportion to that thickness and slowness of the Blood as it falls out in vehement motions of Body and Minde Great and long heat of the Sun and fire the excessive abuse of strong Liquors and in perspiration impeded c. In the vehement motion of the Body beside the above mentioned grateing of the muscles upon one another and upon the parts adjacent exciting heat there is also such a waste of spirits and particles of the Blood and humours which in motion do exhale that to make proportionable supply and refocillation with the arterial blood the heart is made to mend its pace As also that copious eruption of exhalations which sometimes comes to the degree of sweat leaving the Blood and Humors more gross and thickned must necessarily also increase the slowness of its motion which therefore crave greater and repeated force to squeeze it forward into these narrow Channels And so from all these circumstances in violent motion there is raised a paroxisme as to Heat and Pulse altogether resembling a Fever Which is muâ—h after the same manner also produced by all the rest of external causes exciting Heat but with this difference that the Heat coming from the abuse of spirituous Liquors as apears by the Spirit of Wine which being poured upon Blood doth immediately co-agulate the same comes from their immediate incrassating and coagulating effect upon the Blood Which Incrassation has likewayes and for the same cause that stimulating effect upon the Heart And how stopt perspiration produces Heat shall be in its due place shown Whence we may conclude that all Intense Heat grivous to the Body is the genuin effect of the grosness of the Blood as it is clear by the contemplation of the Community of the Causes and the Community of the Phoenomena Natural and Practical belonging to both and shall afterward more fully be shown Having thus far premised It remains to clear how this Thickness and Grossness of the Blood produces also intense Heat And that the same Heat does not establish but rather evert both the Effervessence of the Blood and the swiftness of that motion thereof by some called the circulation and by others the circuit of the Blood In prosecution whereof it is to be noticed that in the natural state of Health the Heat is more strong and veget then in the valetudinary state where it is fretting and with trouble felt For in the state of Health the Rayes of Heat now whither or not these be thickly compacted together troops of Spirits it seems not worth the while to contend these Rayes I say do chearfully and pleasantly glide with the arterial Blood throw the Channels of the Arteries in a fluid sequacious and yeilding enough and by passages open sufficiently toward all the Bowels Organs and Habit of the Body for their refoccilation in which for the most part they are consumed And so from the continual efflux of these Rayes chearfully accomplshed does result the faelicity and ease of Life and integrity of the functions of the Oeconomy But in the state of sickness and cheifly in the heat of Fevers these rayes or Companies of Spirits flowing throw a viseuous crass-medium such as the arterial Blood then is and also approaching the narrow Channels of the arteries partly obstructed and partly beset with scabricity by means of this viscous Blood these rayes I say must undoubtedly in there passage throw that viscid and unequal Medium suffer refraction And in their approach to the extremities of the arteries thus obstructed or vitiated they must suffer Reflection or Collision Such modifications then of the rayes of heat seeme likely to produce the same effect on the sense that the like modifications of the rayes of Light and of Sight do It being known that the diversity or inequality of the medium throw which these pass and by which they are refracted Or the variety of the superficial textures on which these inciding are therefrom also reflected doth occasion Impressions on the organe of Sight whereby the object is represented either some way depraved or greater or more multiplied then it
Calumnies and slanders And these levelling at reputation and Good-name throw them oftentimes wounding our Fortunes the Integrity and Increase of the one depending much on the soundness of the other makes him that steals ones Goods only so much the less faulter than him that wronges their name in respect he that steals does it with design rather to advantage himself than to wrong his neighbour but he that wounds ones name doing it maliciously has nothing for most part by the loss and even this atrocious cryme being of deeper dy has also many more intangled therein then people are well awar for not only the first broaching and venting of calumnies with design is culpable but also all that propagate the same since it is no more certain that fire dies without feuel than that injurious calumnies and slanders die without their being kept in life by their being propagate and handed from one to another the heaviest part then of the guilt seems to lye in that propagating and so on the Propagator And the want of an injurious design in them that do it can no more excuse here all the strength of excuse lying in the like stupid inconsideration of the necessary consequences of such deeds than he that either hands or trains with fewel a Fire tho kindled by another into the Thatch of a Mans house can be excused by pretending Inadvertance or inconâ—ideration the effects of the one being as obvious as the other And so the matter being duely considered makes the one case of no less atrocious guilt than thâ— other IF any quarrel the Language or Stile let him remember the case of the Son of Craesus This being the first Essay I have made to speak after this manner no wonder it be not so very Articulate as Use which perfites all things would have made it But however defective it seems to be in this point yet some Iudicious and Ingenious persons have given such a Testimony of it as may perhaps make me be lifted up above measure Wherefore I hear there is sent a Messenger of Satan to buffet me which being likely necessary is not unacceptable to me loftiness of mind indeed blasting the best and noblest Actions of Men. The Contents EQuity and Law makes the Vnskilfulness of Physicians highly culpable Page 1. Qualifications requisite to acquire Skill are first Acuteness Page 3. Next their being sequestrat from other Imployments or Divertisements page 5. Diligence and Industry also requisite ibid. The causes of their Negligence either the impunity of it here page 6. Or The Ignorance of the strickness of the obligation lying on them to diligence pag. 7. The Nature and extent of that obligation cleared from Law and Equity page 7. The great difficulty he has in his Practice to avoid both the extremes first of hurting next neglect of the Means ought to have been used make the utmost diligence necessary page 9. A Model of the Physicians Diligence and first The general Dilligence of accomplishment page 15. Nixt The particular Diligence described and how it begets experience page 19. To which is required A Iournal of the Physicians Practice page 22. VVhere by the way the vanity of many observations in Medicine is remarked First Because Diseases are not sufficiently unmasked pag. 25. Next Diseases are not sufficiently specified page 27. The Benefit and Necessity of the Physicians diligence illustrated further page 28. VVhy Recent Writters especially Sydenham have afforded the best means of Improvement page 29. The evil consequences of Sloath in Physicians page 30. Too great throng of Practice hinders Improvement page 32. The success of Artifice and Personal Prudence hinders Improvement in Physicians and some meanes thereof described page 34 The accession that the Vulgar have by their errors about Medicinal Practice to hinder the Physicians Improvement cleared And first By their groundless and preconceaved Opinions of Physicians page 38. And that especially founded of their wrong notion they have of Experienced Physicians where Experience in Medicine is descrived page 42. The Vulgar opinion of the vanity and uselesness of Medicine an enemy to Improvement wherâ— that Opinion is fully considered and confuted page 49 The uncertainty of Prognostick in Medicine a great pillar of that Error considered and removed page 56. Vpon what the Arbitriment concerning Medicinal Practice does dâ—pend page 60. The disparity betwixt the Arbitriment concerning the practise of Policy or Law and that of Physick page 62 Only from practise comes Improvement in Medicine as in the Philosophy called experimental and the great necessity to improve medicine farther that way but especially to improve that part of Medicine Concerning the Cure of Continual Fevers which is a Disease of such â—â—titude extent and danger page 67. The common and Diaphoretick Method in Fevers considered and rejected page 71. Refrigerants Temperers of Acrimony Aperients and Inciders considered and rejâ—cted page 74. The most probable Method proposed page 76. Motives to this Method from the Authors Sydenhams Ingenuity and Sagacity and the Prodigious Dangers he escaped and the Reputation be at length got both Abroad and at Home p. 78. Where Dr. Morton and Harris their Praise of the Author is related page 90. To confirm more and illustrate this Method further to the Curious there is an Essay made to fit it with an adequat Theory which leads to the invâ—stigating the Nature of Fevers and for that purpose to discuss all former Opinions about them and first the common Opinion discussed page 93. The Opinion of Willis Cartesius Paracelsus Helmont Silvius and Barbet all proposed and discussed page 96. A New and Mechanical Hypothesis of Fevers sutable to Bonteko proposed page 100. The Foundation of the Mechanical Scheme laid down page 101. Some Difficulties about the Hypothesis answered page 106. And that Scheme further traced page 109. How Heat is generated in Fevers cleared by this Scheme page 111. The consideration of the Concatenation of the causes of Fevers confirm also this Scheme page 117. Where Insensible Perspiration is descrived and the accession which its lesion has to generate Fevers confirms further the Hypothesis page 118. The rest of the remote causes and their progress to the generation of Fevers considered where a Mechanical Hypothesis of Digestion in thâ— ventricle is proposed page 131 The Natural Phaenomena in Fevers made to confirm this Hypothesis in Fevers such as Thrist Pains Inquiettude Anxieties Dilirium and Spots page 138. The Phaenomena of Helperâ— and Hurters also considered confirm the same and how Bleeding confirms it and several curious Phaenomena concerning Bleeding solved conform thereto as page 143. How Bleeding helps in Hemorhagies page 147. The reason why the worst Blood is first evacuate page 152. Why ill Blood comes sometimes first sometimes last page 152. Why People ly down upon the aproach of a fit of sickness page 153. Why it s easiest to bear Blood-letting lying on a Bed page 154. An Objection from the Bloods not coagulating when drawn in Fevers answered p. 155
Purging in Fevers considered from Reason and Authority page 156 Some practical cautions concerning purging in Fevers page 161 The benefit and season of using Paregoriques in Fevers page 165 The hurt of meer Diaphoretiques in Fevers page 166 The hurt of a method direct to A crisis p. 167 A difficulty takâ—n from the Authors Constitutions answered shewing that this method agrees with all constitutions of years p 168 The further Helpers and Hurters in Fevers considered confirm this Hypothesis as Salts volatile and fixed Alcalin and Testaceous Concrets page 170 The Benefit of Cuppings Leeches and Frictions confirm the same page 174. The Phaenomena of Hutters confirm this Hypothesis as lâ—ing alwayes in the naked Bed page 176. Why Hurtful to ly with the Head too low showen by this Hypothesis page 178. Some other difficulties concerning the Hypothesis answered at first how the Blood gives no signes of that grosness in its passage thorow the Lungs page 179. Where by the way the progress of Sanguification is considered page 180. As also how A pthisis or Consumption is bred with some signes of the approach of this Disease taken out of Mortouns Pthisiologia page 182. The Phaenomena of a Fever in A pthisis confirms this Hypothesis page 184 Another difficulty how this Grosness of the Blood does not rather produce Tumors and Inflammations than Fevers answered page 185. An Appendix of the Statical Doctrine of Sanctorius with the description and use of the weighing Chair page 189. Of the Weight and Nature of insensible Perspiration page 190. Concerning Air and Waters influence thereon page 192. Of the influence Aliements Meat and Drink has thereon page 20â— Of Sleeping and Walking page 203 Of Exercise and Rest. page 205. Of Venery page 207 Of the passions of the mind page 20â— ERRATA Epistle to Physicians page 1. line ult read Heterodoâ—y p. â— l. 24 for that r thâ— p. 4. l. 3. del thâ— p. â— l. 8. for choiching r. choosing p. 16. l. 7. for choicing r. choosing p. 17. l. 10. for samen r. same p. 21 l. 12. del be p. 24. l. 16. for stirring r. steering p. 25. l. r. for enter r. center p. 26. l. 27 del of thâ—se p. 28. l. 11. r. comprehend ibid. l. 24. r. affects p. â—2 l. 25. r. too p. 38 l. 6 r. chioce p. 42 l. r â— r. their p. 48 l. ult r. therefore p. 54 l. 10 r. of p. 61 l. 7 r. subsidiary p. 62 l. 21 r. measures p. 65 l. 17â— one p. 66 l. â— r. thorow for throw all throughout p. 67 l. 19 del to p. 72 l. 25 r. from ratio cination only p. 90 l 3 r. had never p. 103 l. 11. dele proportionable p. 104 l. 5 r its ibid l 9. r. ordinary p. 107 l. penult dele their p. 119 l. 2 for which r. so this p. 131 l. 20 r. of the p. 135 l. 8 r. infirmity p. 140 l. 13. visive p. 143 l. 16 r. it be l. 22. dele a. p. 145 l. 1 r. was near for throw r. all along thorow Epistle to the Physicians pag. 2. lin 9. for Etâ—mology Etiology in the Preface pag. 13. lin 2. for Orâ—simes Orâ—asmâ— pag. 13. lin 12. for Approve r Disâ—pprove pag. â—10 lin 1. for Evacuationly read Evacâ—uâ—â—â—â—â—ly Act of Council AT Edinburgh the Twenty third Day of Iuly 1691 Years anent the Supplication given in to the LORDS of Their MAJESTIES Privy Council be Mr. Andrew Broun Doctor of Medicine Shewing That where the Petitioner has Compyled and Printed a Treatise intituled A Vindicatory Schedule about the New Cure of Fevers he humbly conceaved their Lordships would not deny him the ordinary Priviledge allowed to Authors and Composers of Books And therefore humbly Supplicating the said LORDS would be pleased upon consideration of the Premisses to give anâ— grant sole Priviledge and Licence of the Printing of the foresaid Treatise in whatsomever Language to the Petitioner or his Order for the space of Nineteen Years And to Discharge all Persons from Printing Re-printing or Importing and Vending of any of the saids Books within this Kingdom for the said space without the special Licence of the Petitioner or his Executors or Assigness And that under the pain of Confiscation thereof to his or their behove beside what farther Punishment their Lordships should think fit as the said Petition bears The LORDS of Their MAJESTIES Privy Council having considered the above Petition given in to them be Mr. Andrew Brown Doctor of Medicine They grant the desire thereof Extracted by me DA. MONCRIEF Cles Sti. Concilii A TABLE For explaining the hard words of this Book to the Vulgar Abdomen signifies The paunch or rim of the belly including the skine fat and muscules thereof Attrition A grinding or braying Antecedent cause The cause of a disease immediatly before the nearest cause Capillary vessels As small as hairs Cathartick A purgative Medicine Coagulation Congealing Crisis The sudden termination of a disease Crase The temper of the parts or blood Concatenation A chaining of causes and effects Continent cause The immediat cause of a disease Diaphoresis A breathing out thorow the superfice of the body by sweat or otherwayes Diaphragma The Midrife Endemical disease Which is very common in a place Fibres The small shreds constituting the fleshy or nervous parts Fomes The feuel of a disease Glands Kernels Globuls Little balls such the blood are full of Grumafite The solid parts of the blood that subsides Hemoragies Fluxes of Blood Heterogeneous Another kind Hypothesis A supposition or the plate form of any thing represented Identitions The same Idea The representation of any thing in the mind Inteâ—tines The guts First impellent The first mover in the body Lixivial Belonging to lie made of ashes Maze A labyrinth Muriatique Briny Mesentery The membran keeping the guts together Neotericks New Writers Orgasâ—e A tumult or commotion oesophage The wâ—sane Animaloeconoâ—â—â— the order in government of the animal Paregorick A quieting Medicine Paroxisme A sit of a disease Perspiration The great evacuation continually made throw the pores oâ— the body Pulmonick Belonging to the lungs Pheâ—omeâ—â— Appearances or effects of hidden causes Phlebotomy Bloodletting Regimen The government of the six things called not natural Scabrieity Roughness Scheme A figure or representation of a thing Smegmatique Belonging to soap Spumosity Froâ—hiness Staguation The pooling of running liquor Systole and Diastole Contraction and Dilatation Susceptibility Capacity of receiving impressions Specifie so particularise Specifique Proper Serosity The watery part of the Blood or Humors Tone The fiâ—mness of the parts as to their contracting and dilating Tenuity Thinness Trach-artery The Wind-pipe Vatillant Tottering Viscuous Glewy Venivicle Stomack Veâ—â—section Blood-letting A VINDICATORY SCHEDULE CONTAINING A Disquisition Theoretical and Practical of the New but most Effectual Method of Curing Continual Fevers Invented c. SECT I. Clearing that the infallible Principles of Law Equity and Reason and the necessary consequences thereof applicable to the Physician does both oblige
ingenious or good Men when under the Vail of any Artiâ—ice doth also catch the wary and prudent in a more latent and consequently more dangerous hazard in their choose of a Physician because judicious Persons by a short and easie reasoning are able to establish sound Conclusions against weaker Men exercising this Practice but to draw just consequences against these of more parts the Bowels of Art must necessarly be searched into which by way of By work to do is above the most profound Judgements especially under the diversion of other Occupations And as in most other Crimes beside the principal Actors there are oftentimes also Complices who according to the degree of their accession are likewise culpable and make the Principal in some maner excusable how much then think you does contribute to foment cherish and consequently to extenuate this unskilfulness in Physicians the precipitant headless and ignorant Judgment of People frequently Interposed concerning Physicians and their Practise with the fruits of whose Unskilfulness upon this account they themselves not undeservedly seeme to be chastised For Opinion being the Monarch bearing greatest sway in the minds of Men has his Dominion upheld for most part by appearances mistakes and errors these being the most Plausible wares and Passable Coyne in that state conforme therefore to the same measures the Honors and Dignities of that Court fame and Popular applause and the apanages thereof are entailed on shadows rather then the substances of true merit And this Empire likewise extending it self over the Province of Medicine thorow the misrepresentations brought therefrom to that court in depressing true merit to exalt the umbrage thereof exercises most of its Tyrrany and arbitrary Government there For vulgar capacity the only Inteligencer comeing with news from Medicine never being able to descend into the depthes and unfold the misteries of Medical prudence is in stead thereof taken and deceived with the Prudence of the Physician only commensurable to that capacity and for Iuno Imbracing the Cloud brings very false reports of desert from the Medical state thus the way to Skill and Reputation being far laid asunder layes also on the Physician an invincible necessity suteable to the Laws of another great Monarch of this world interest to improve personal Prudence glistering Ware in the Court of Opinion and thereby also is loosed or slackned his Allegiance to Medicine by his being put under the constraint to neglect the study and exercise of Medical prudence because it is circumstantiate with tedious uselesness here and perhaps noxious by its frequent interfeiring with the profitable Art and use of Personal Prudence Mankind also being for the most part rather delighted with the Freedom and Liberty of ease especially it without loss and not Impeaching on Interest then with the Yoak of honest labour and bending of serious Industry and there being in all human affaires no case so much favoring yea Inviteing yea Tempting to sloath as Medicinal Practice is the fruits and effects of all other Arts and Labours carrying a more obvious impress of Industry and Skill then this Practice does where it is truely difficult to marke the subtile and fine Steps by which Art sets the cause a going to produce the effect or to observe the secret and hidden Concurse it has to Facilitate it this for the most part both makes Spectators ignorant whither Art Nature or chance produces the effect cools the Physicians industry And further such being the Apish humor of popular ignorance that inimitation of its direct contrary knowledge it must still be judging sentencing drawing conclusions by a reasoning so ill counterfeit that it bears rather the Character of Madness The vulgar being apt to mistake every consequent in Medicine for the effect of Skill often confound by their sentences the chances or sequels of the Ignorant with the effects of the Skilled and so becomeing Prodigal wasters of the reward due to Skill by misplaceing that recompense upon its contrary Ignorance they take off the allurement to Industry the Parent of Skill thus adding to its difficulty they deprive Mankind for the most part of the benefit thereof And moreover the favourable Judgment of the vulgar concerning the Physician turning alwayes to the byass of a forestalled Opinion that is to be Imposed on them either by his Prudence or some other by-respect it being very hard to have true knowledge of his skil makes it altogether necessary for the Physician to endeavor by Artifice and Culture to become one of the most modish and plausible Gallants in the Court of opinion And so People madly choosing rather to be artificially Imposed on than honestly and Skilfully dealt with all and being willing to purchase the gratification of their humors curiosity capricâ— tho at the cost of their better concerns health and life comes to be the great tentation of Physicians to wast their Spirits and time in studying and exerciseing Practise on the humors of the mind rather then these of the Body to obtain favour and esteem to themselves rather then health to there Patients in the mean time neglecting as nothing contributive to these Purposes all study and care of acquireing true and solide Skill or Medical Prudence pre-conceived and pre-acquired opinion serving as a refuge sanctuary from all effects of Unskilfulness and scarce any real Skill or Innocence being able to weather out the blasts of an evil and ground less opinion without the help of Artifice And further years in the Physician seldom fail to contribute a good Equipage for a preconceived Opinion and that under the notion of Experienced these indeed serving with little other assistance to set up the Aged on some pinacle of fame Such being the fond Opinion of the populace because Nature brings all things to maturity and ripeness through time therefore they think this Relation and Ally of Nature the Physician however insipide vapide and crabbed stuff he be compact'd of that he must be mellowed and brought to the Ripeness of Experienced also thorow time But a quite other thing is Experience then is commonly conceived and not being alwayes the product of time in a Physician it seems rather to be the Product of sagacious Industry after a long contemplating making such an exact Observation of all the concurring Causes and Circumstances going to make up any Phoenomena or Effects as may begett in the Physician an habitual Promptitude so far as human Power can reach to produce or ward off these effects or Phoenomena Pro re nata And this Experience is only gotten as was before Intimated by the Considering and Pondering the most exact clear and full Histories of Natures Operations and Phoenomena whereby the best Notions of her Lawes Customes and Constitutions being Imprinted in the mind The surest Directive Ideas likewayes will arise therefrom how to moderate Supplie and Regulat her as the case requires For in the conduct of Nature as the onward concurring and visible
causes do empty and wast themselves in the production of the nearest Continent Cause of the Phoenomena and with concurrence of and allowance to the Susceptibility of the subject they do further stamp their Effigies thereon so does that Continent Cause with the same Concurrence and allowance manifest and characterise it self by these Phoenomena And Nature having thô exceedingly various and multiplicite yet a Certain Vniformity herein and the Comprehension thereof only rendering her in proportion thereto tractable by the Artist this most surely be the alone thing that denominats Experience in Medicine And further as the study of these Histories is the road only leading to experience whosoever then takes any other way with how much so ever Assiduity Application he contend to make progress toward Experience shall be found walking at random and widening his distance always to stray the more therefrom That a long and constant Practice is not alone sufficient to acquire this dexterity experience will be farther plain by considering the difficile delicate untractable Genius of Nature not improperly comparable to that of a Captious tetchie and easily irritate master which makes his service as the exercise of a very Circumspect Prudence so an exceeding hard task Yet this Master haveing a servant who by his diligence and Caution observes Curiously what things and by what order concurse of circumstances either in his Master or the things themselves these makeing their impression him use by grating or cherishing him to excite or lenifie his evil Humour or Canker And who likewayes faithfully treasures up in his mind or otherwayes these his observations to be imployed as directives for the advantage of his future service this servant is not only capable to perform to his Master pleasant and profitable Service but calming his severities moderating and governing him may exercise a kind of dominion over him as it has been observed that some wyllie Servants in the like circumstances have done When another Servant void of this warrieness and prudence thô growing old in his service thorow inadvertancy or carelesness misguiding his Affairs does still exasperate him and shall never render him placable nor any thing mitigate the nature of his despotical dominion The same very way the prudent and cautious Physician Natures Minister carefully observing her genius and by his circumspection diligently catching and using all the opportunities to serve her thereby sopiting all her severities will undoubtedly become a Moderator and Arbiter thereof and in consequence have his prudent Service recompensed by Natures subjecting unto the political dominion of the Physician Whence it is clear that Experience and Skill being almost identified and acquired exercised by the same conditions and measures old age therefore in a Physician is no more capable alone to produce Experience then in other Men it begets Wisdom and Prudence in the rest of Humane Affairs Yea Years are very far from bringing on apace with them such a deep rooted and solid experience in Medicine as may yeild a fruitful Harvest of effectual Practice where the Aged and Age bringing on apace with it sloath have only grown old in these Hypotheses of Theory and Methods of Practice founded thereon now of late perhaps both convict'd of error in which they were at first instituted they sticking as closs by these as others to the Religion in which from their Infancy they have been educated such indeed being the power of education which upon most has a dominion and empire but upon these exercises a tyranny in keeping them manacled in the chains of chimerical prejudices and fetters of theoretical errors so much the more hurtful to Mankind as being really damages under the pretext and show of profitable helps Especially where sloth ease is in the play which freights them to go to School again or enter into a new Apprentiship or Vanity and Pride which layes aside the professing any thing importing the reproach of that vain knowledge that did formerly puff them up Which indeed would not so much depress them as the perseverance therein does both them and the Common good of Mankind To err indeed is Humane but to preserve therein notwithstanding of the Light and in a matter of much import seems Diabolical From all which it is plain that as Artifice in the Physician and Error in the people is the best soil and compost in the natural climat of Opinion of the most fragrant and luxuriant Reputation so real Improvement and Art transplanted into that clime are likely as exotick Plants to give a very flaccid and languishing Figure How deplorable then is it That Medicine which being for the solace of our Miseries should be and that by our own faults so depraved as to conspire with them against us and prove but a miserable and deceitful Comforter in so far as the Artist is put under the strong land invincible necessity by its being most easie advantagious and honourable to prosecute his own ends altho with the neglect of these of his Art And that he should be put under the pusling difficulty to consult both his own credite and his Patients Health he being obliged to acquire and exercise at once qualifications wholy satisfieing and advancing his reputation but of no further use Any other Skill apearing perplexed intricat and superflous from the care whereof vulgar Opinion and Error has wholy Emancipated him Because interfeiring with his esteem at least nothing advanceing it Neither seems Medical industry and Improvement under any better circumstances of thriveing or advance by another Opinion that being prettie triumphant in the world is Endemical to those who think themselves wiser as being less credulous or apt to be Imposed upon by Artifice and Prudence then the former sort Such thereof only look on Medicine as an Art big with great Pretensions which being brought forth without the Mid-wifery of simple Credulity amount to nothing worth the while and so run to the other Extream the Badge likewise of professed Ignorance of doubting and diffidence and consequently Contempt of all Medical Endeavours Now this opinion deems the conduct of our Lives toward their Period committed either to Rigid and Inexorable Fate incapable in its Carrier of any Stop or to Tottering and Wavering Chance unmanageable by the discretest conduct and therefore it excludes as vain all means of Health and Life The former Opinion despirits and depraves Industry this taking aim at Personal Prudence quite extinguishes and kills Medical Prudence That tempts to Imposture this Brands the most serious and succesful Endeavours therewith That incourages hopes from the Physicians Endeavours since all Dangers under the visage of evitable confound less then the same allayed with no measure of hopes to escape and this sterving all hopes is enough alone to kill the Patient and make the King of Terrors more terrible and fearful implying the ground he has advanced unto to be recoverable only at his discretion and his earnest assaults to be
past remedy And it is indeed from no small mixture of this base Allay in the Opinion of some who using the Physicians help altogether uncapable of Privacy to their Escapes by putting so smal value on their Pains Industry that the aspiring Improvement in this Art is likewayes clog'd But indeed this robbing of Art to enlarge and dignifie Natures Empire over and with all effects may be properly both resembled and confuted by takeing a glance of that grosness which possessed the Indians when they took Ships for great Animals here being nothing but the not comprehending the Artificial Intrigue of their structure the chief cause of their Phoenomena that gave rise to that Mistake and Error So likewise there being many products that to a shallow and overly view althô they bear the Resemblance rather of Nature than Art as a Watch appeared to a certain King of the Indians to be a living Creature when he asked what kind of Food it lived on yet such Products to those having the Eyes of the Mind capable by a more diving sagacious and polished Inquiry to make exact and full survey will impress and display their true Nature This Capacity being the absolute condition to get true Knowlege without mixture of Imposture no wonder then through want thereof that the busie active and restless part of Man which is still judging be precipitat unto Mistakes and Errors in the Dark And indeed this Turkish fixing of Fate in spight of all Endeavours did it ever hinder any to pull his drowning Friend out of the water or a Choaking bone out of his Throat the stop put to Death in his full Carrier and the warding of the most potent and direct Thrusts of Fate being here conspicuous and Diseases being as certain thô more private and hardly stopt Leaks to let in Death at which never makes passages but only enters in at these which Nature has left open when Art fails to observe and close them also seing the facultys of the Mind as well as the Organs of the Body by their natural Strength and Exercise by Application or other Artificial Helps may attain to many degrees of Perspicacity Activity and Perfection beyond what they will be without these or in one Man under the Advantages of these more then in any other without them that the difference especially in sensible things is even Stupenduous Why may not then such Improvement upon the ground of Natural Vigour make the Mind Susceptible of many Impressions giving both Light and Knowledge to espy these private Posterns Death makes use of and also to find the means to stop close them here also be had as certain evidences of warding off death as in the other caise thô as proper only to these having such enduements as the seeing the danger and relief of a drowning Man is proper only to these that are not blind And that Conspiracy frequently entered into against our Lives by Deaths Agents second Causes tho through its depth and cunning it s above the Vulgar sight to discover and capacity to prevent and stop yet as it may be reached by the eye of the sagatious circumspect Medical Politician may also be counteracted by his power and Art And it being also very probable that the Body seeming a curious machine motion is the main ingredient if not the very Essence of our Lives the period whereof consists in a total and permanent stop put thereto and the Integrity of that motion depending on the soundness of the first mover the matter moved and the passages through which motion is made it seems this Machine is as well as others subject to many disorders and as other engines have their particular Arts subservient to their Regulation and Redintegration which by picking out the causes thereof may by convenient instruments and means remove their Stops and help their Disorders why may not Art likewise take place in relation to the distempers of the oeconomie of man were it for no more then to save the Irritancy of a great part of the Creation which seem pregnant with these advantages to Mankind but being rejected for Instruments or Means here seem of little or no use at all And further what great difference both in the Advantage and Pleasure may be perceived betwixt Nature going wild at random and liberty and the same subjected to Artificial Culture and Improvement As may be seen in the difference betwixt wild Fields and well cultivat Gardens yet such as neither perceive nor know Arts Influence here would certainly give the honor of these improvements only to Nature And as Nature furnishes Matter in some cases for Art to work on thô in others Nature furnishes only occasion by its stopps disorders into which it may be brought rather from other causes then any thing within it self And so may not Art be usefull as a Confederate and alley to help and rectify Nature in the Straits and Dâ—sorders of the machine of our Bodies And as in the Regulating and Helping of all other Engynes there may be imployed several degrees of Art and Skill as for example in a most Curious and Ingenious clock the disorders especially such as come by misguiding may some oâ— them be restored by the proper Skill of the owner while for others that are more difficult he must borrow the Advice Help and Instruments of a more Expert Artist yet these that does not know or belive there are any more expert must conclude that the Masters proper Skill and Instruments alwayes does the Fait Why may it not be just so about this machine the keeper master whereof Nature making considerable Efforts and Essays for redentigration of it's disorders but when these are frustraneous then the acceâ—sion of the Skill and Tools of the Expert Physician is seasonable unless it fall out here as likewayes in other Machines it often times fals out that the disorder tending to it's dissolution be in the order of Reparation incurable and so requiring the Capacity and Skill of an yet higher Artist contriver and maker of that Engyne import rather the Creation of a New then the Reparation of the Old one Neither does this so much disparage the skil of the lesser Artist as extol the admirable inimitable Art of the first and cheif Architeck in displaying so much Stupenduous Skill in that curious Contrivance of a piece of work which being maimed in it's substantial and Essential parts and motions is nowayes Redintigrable by minor Artists Now the fruitlesness of Physicians endeavours resolves alwayes in some of these viz. Either in the want of dew administration of such promising helps as the Art does really afford and that either by the fault of the Patients or other assistants This is by an unjust Ignorance Pinned on the Physician And nixt it may depend on the Physicians not discovering and curing what through Art and Industry being perceiveable is also cureable And this does indeed taint him with a certain
tenaciousness of the humors perhaps the continent cause of Fevers they do rather hurt then help As likewise these that are called Temperers of Acrimony and Sweetners of the Blood seem to be no more profitable in regard Acrimony consists in such a modification of the particles of Matter in their figure or motion in relation to the texture of the Organs or Bowels bringing trouble or pain thereto and we scarce knowing where in that Modification making the discrepancy betwixt the Agent Patient does consist we can hardly form thereto an adaequat Indication And althô this mitigative Indication could be found and satisfied since it does nought to the Disease or its Cause by prosecuting thereof you advantage no more then if ye should apply Anodyne Balsoms to the â—kin sore with whipping and yet still whipp one And farther since all these Symptoms commonly supposed to arise from Acrimony are only the result of the efforts of Nature strugling to ride it self of the Disease and are raised various according to the genius of the matter besetting and the organe besett altho these could be perfectly subdued when the Disease and its cause are untouched what if the Disease restrained in one Symptome shall break out into a more dangerous one so little coercible or obsequious proves Nature to any preposterous and undiscret management that thereby rather are translaâ—ed then extinguished or directed its irregular and impetuous motions not veâ—y unlike as when a Dam of water is kept up by a Bank without drying up or diverting the source that increases it as it is stopt at one breach it will alwayes make or find another As for Aperients and Inciders they being much about the same Nature have the same Inconvenience with Diaphoretiques Especially where there is a Copious fomes or great Obstructions in the Capillar Veins For by there grating and grinding off Particles from the mass of gross and viscide Humores they must exceedingly increase these obstructions every little particle seeming to be of a like Nature with the whole and scarce when in any quantity subjugable by the motion of the Blood or capable to be so attenuate as to pass easily the smallest channels of the Vesells Such then being brought there cannot but have an obstructing effect And farther these things being narrowly considered will also make the Truth of that Observation of of our Noble Author past all doubt that many and most dangerous Symtpomes of Fevers are the native effects of the method rather than of the Disease Leaving then this Diaphoretique method until we find out a specifique cure of Fevers since we cannot level directly aâ— the essence of the Disease we being most part in the dark as to that what hinders us as is usual succesful in many other diseases which impartial well ballanced experience has found to be also so here but that we may prosecute the Indication taken from the antecedent cause or fewel of the Malady by purging and so by intercepting the sustenance to sterve that Enemy we cannot get within handy blows of Is it because in Fevers the tumult and commotions in the regions of the Body in that tottering state of the Oeconomy would be so hightned by the spurrs off the Purgative as to brake out into more furious and incompescibâ—e Symptoms and the Orgasm that was formerly only in the Mass of Blood should thereby break over also into the Region of the Nerves and Head and so beset pervert and overwhelm the first springs of Motion and Life Now althô this difficulty seems not impertinently to be started yet whosoever shall lay a great weight thereon will betray great inconsideration and inadvertance to what our Noble Authour has delivered concerning the reasonableness of this Cure for he clearly shews both by reason and experience that the Inconvenience and tumult arising from the irritation of the purgative is very efficaciously restained by the immediately preceeding Phlebotomie the subsequent use of the Paregorick and how happily the Catharick is administred under this double check these that have never tryed it cannot so much as dream Notwithstanding what ever is said to the contrary by famous Authors concerning the use of Purgers and Paregoricks in Fevers which althô it be true in the case which is that mentioned by them where these are administred separatly without respect to this order and method of our Author that they may not only be unprofitable but hurtful but according to this his Method these means are in that order Connected and Ranked that they become wholy beneficial For the preceeding Phlebotomie and Cathartick paves the way to and makes safe the effecacy of the Paregorick and the Preceding Phâ—ebotomie and subsequent Paregorick infallibly Checks and Bridles any noxious Energie of the Cathartick As more fully shall be be shown afterward But in the mean time it may be considered that these Practical Phaenomena beside the rational appearances they bear are by such repeated acurate and evident experience confirmed that they can no more by Aâ—guments be convelled or their evidence by reasoning stiffled then the most sensible and palpable experiments in Nature can be SECT V. Motives to this Method from the Authors Ingenuity Ability and the prodigious Hazards he escaped and also from his Reputation both at Home and Abroad SInce then it is obvious to all that the usual manner of the cure of continual Fevers is so uncertain and unsuccesful that it should prompt all good and wise Physicians at least from commiseration of Mankind to search and try all ways for a better yea and when Men worthy of Trust whose ability and intergrity may not only deserve but command Trust do from their undoubted and certain experience complement them with laying to their hand a more sure and compleat Method of cure the Inaptitude or Impropriety whereof none can save from fictitious chimerical prejudices affirm or assert but noways from knowledge or experience in which case as its the part of even the most rigorous caution to suspend Judgement so it gives the most grave and profound marks of Folly and Arrogancy to pronounce peremptorly any thing concerning a matter of Fact and Experiment altogether unknown to them He then that wants Courage or Faith to Experiment it himself necessarly must watch the occasion to behold the Practise of others having this Method for conduct and so getting a Mature and deliberate knowlege of the thing he may then with some reason pronounce his Opinion concerning it Whosoever then shall do otherways and either chide or Condemn this Method or only contemn or neglect it Let him have a care least being suported by prejudicate Opinions and Errors he be found to lay an Ambush for and assault the truth and to Sacrifice to his contumacy and sloath the Life 's of the Sick and the Tears of their Friends this matter being now so circumstantiat by such clear Evidences and Proofs that an Errour or mistake therein
in his Book lately emitted concerning The acute Diseases of Children which containing several remarkable Observations do also contain his Testimony from the page 45. unto the 51. In these words saying after I had used for some years the like Method in Cure of Childrens Fevers I durst not venture on the same in adult Persons until I most happily met with the first edition of the Monitory Schedule of that incomparable Practitioner D. Sydenham and finding that Method approven of in adult Persons by the experience of that most Sagacious Man as much overjoyed as I had gotten a great favour from Heaven I presently set on to try that Method in adult Persons also and found it no less succesful then I had found it before in Children and a little after he proceeds saying For his discovery of the Cure of Fevers and many other his notable Improvements I hope that every Age so long as Medicine shall flourish shall publish his Name for the great Ornament and Light of this Age. Sydenham has with an extraordinary Courage and Ingenuity compleated the Cure of Fevers both by sufficient Reason and by Experience and Practice concerning which others have given nothing but words SECT VI. Containing the Opinion of some Authors concerning the Nature of Continual Fevers and the same from Reason rejected which makes it necessary to inquire for a more probable one in relation to the clearing their nature and this Method of their Cure NOw to make this Method every way compleat it is convenient as was insinuate in the beginning after the manner that a practical Discipline ought to be treated to essay if from this Experiment and Method of Cure of Fevers we can draw any unstrained and probable Theory Which inquiry necessarly presuposes the Nature and Essence of Fevers seeming yet altogether to ly in the dark to be narrowly searched into and exposed Having first weighed and eventilate what the Ancients and Neotericks has delivered concerning the Nature and Essence thereof The first then and which is the Opinion common to most Authors placing the Essence of a Fever in a Preternatural heat kindled in the heart and diffused by the Blood through all the Body indeed seems a very improper Metaphorical Description For the Heart is compared unto a Chimney neither is there a fewel capable of accension determined there being no fewel in the Body proper to foment a Fire but all as liquid and aqueous contrary thereunto And although in a Fever there be a great heat the same can be made clearly to depend upon another Principle then any thing of accension as shall be afterwards shown and also seing intense Heat is only accidental to a Fever and may be absent therefrom or present therewith It can be nothing of its essence more then the rest of the symptoms are for in the cold Paroxisme of Intermittents it is absent for a while with the presence of an Intense cold And in some algid Fevers it is always absent yea in fevers that are esteemed malignant it is very mild and nothing beyond the degree usual in health for it s reckoned commonly a sign of malignity when the heat does not rise proportionably with the other Symptoms And farther if Heat were of the Essence of Fevers in respect there is no distinct Species of Heat but all the difference thereof is gradual by Intention or Remisson it must undoubtedly follow that there can be no distinct Species of Fevers but only that they are gradually different which is against the commonly received Opinion As to that qualification of Heat that it is preternatural It may be obvious to any that seriously perpend the matter that no Heat is preâ—ernatural thô its cause may be said to be so For Heat is nothing else but a natural and genuine Passion imprinted in the â—ense by the presence and energy of a calorifique Efficient Neither can it be any more said to be against Nature then pain can be It being most natural for pain to be raised upon the action of a dolorifique Efficient And so furth necessarly and naturally all the rest of the Passions are made by impressions of the object impressing in the subject receiving But that the speculation of Heat must be more subtile then to be inlightned by the common and dark explications thereof may appear from that common Phoenomenon of the breath which being leisurely blown out imprints upon â—he hand a sense of Heat when this same breath with force blown out gives a sense of coldness thereon this diversification insinuates the Impression of Heat to consist in a modification of the motion of the Particles perhaps in a thwart transverse and tottering motion some thing resembling Refraction or Reflection And that cold on the other hand is Imprinted by a direct motion from which a true Idea of Heat subservient to the true explication of Fevers may be perhaps clearly drawn afterwards Nixt follows the opinion of Willis who reasonably rejecting that of the Ancients placed his in a notable â—ffervescence of the blood humours This ingenious Philosophical Physician doth with great fervor bend both his own Brain and the Subject to establish a certain effervescence in the blood of the Feverish persons proportionable to the Fermentation of Liquors He nowayes taking notice that all the Circumstances and Conditions requisite to the fermentation of Liquors are not only wanting in the generation of Fevers but the contrary are present free eventilation and rest of Liquors to be fermented being necessary conditions But in the blood the eventilation stopped frequently is the cause and condition of Fevers And furder the circuit motion of the blood will hinder its fermentation as it falls out in Liquors which are to be fermented requiring rest Neither did any ever see in the Blood of Persons in Fevers any signes of fermentation but rather tokens of viscosity and grosness Signifying coagulation Neither can the Phaenomena in Fevers be so commodiously explained from that Effervescence as from the contrary Coaleseence of which afterward There is another Opinion of Cartesius affirming a Fever to be the Perturbate mixture of the Blood which description does rather darken the subject unless he should teach us in what the Natural mixture did consist And how the Perturbation thereof should excite a Fever and the manner of the dependence of the Phaenomena upon that Perturbation And seeing he seems to insinuat a determinate Order and Position to be naturally requisite to the Particles of the Blood and the Disturbance of these to make a Fever It is very difficult to understand how the Particles of the Blood should be carried from the Heart so rapidly throw the smal branches of the Artry's and keep that Order or how they should again make up their ranks in their reflux throw the Veins back again to the Heart As for the Opinion of Paracelsus making a Fever to be the accension of Sulphur and Niter or an Vniversal Excandescence
of the Balâ—om and Mercury of life and that of Helmont making it an Imparity of one part of the Archeus that thereby is affected with Wrath and Indignation Because they seem altogether enigmatical vain bring more obscurity then light to this dark Subject therefore we leave them both Next follows the Opinion of that Hero in Medicine Sylvius who has placed the Pathognomick signe of a Fever in the Pulse preternaturaly frequent having conjoyned therewith Trouble Pain or the blemish of any function requisite for the felicity and ease of Life The cause whereof which makes to him the Essence of Fevers is either first a too great and Permanent Rarefaction of the Blood made by a violent Heat breaking out of the Effervescence of the Blood Or secondly any Acrimonius Acide Lixivial or Muriatique salt carried thorow the Veins together with the Blood and gnawing the Parenchyma of the Heart or thirdly any flatulent halitous Matter brought with the Blood to the Heart and augmenting the expansion thereof Fourthly any sharp or hard thing in the Pericardium or other wayes externally grating upon the Heart This Great-Man to whom Medicine this day is much indebted as being the first that clearly discovered the Errors and Dilusions of the Schools has also found out a more efficatious and sure practice in many Diseases Yet he there being none able for all things has fallen into some Errors of Theory about his triumvirat Humor and the effervescence of these Humors in the Intestines and Heart and about the motion of the Bile towards the Heart All which subsequent and more acurate anatomical Inspection having found to be otherwayes his Hypothesis of Fevers being established upon these must necessarly fall Yet these that reject this his Theory do imbrace his Practice in the Cure of Fevers In the last place follows the Opinion of Barbet placing a Fever in the circulation of the Blood increased which Opinion since it seems directly contrary to what we think most probable with the confirmation then thereof it will necessarly of it self evanish SECT VII Containing a New and Mechanical Hypothesis of the Essence of Fevers with the cause efficient and occasional of the frequency of the Pulse and that matterial or occasional cause also farther Mechanically traced IT seems very probable that all the Physicians holding the former Opinions have Erred and the Fountain of all their mistakes appears to be that fundamental error as the acurate Bontikoe observes that they took the immediate efficient cause of the motion of the heart to be the blood and that the frequent motion thereof and the Arteries did alwayes depend upon some alteration of that blood but that this must be otherwayes seems plain because the Heart of some Animals being cut out when they are alive and holden in the hand will beat a long time without a drop of Blood So the motion of the Heart seems not to depend on the Blood but on some other cause perhaps on the influx of the animal Spirits proceeding from the Brain by the remainder whereof inviscate in the Heart the motion seems to be continued after the separation thereof from the Body The next fundamental Error and observed likewayes by the same Author seems to be that they esteemed the intension of Heat alwayes to depend on the rapide efflux or circulation of the Blood and that it was both a sign and effect thereof The contracy of which appears by an Inflamation or Tumour where the Member affected is vexed with a great Heat and kind of Fever which is oft times communicate to the whole Body and here it is clear that the Blood is rather stagnant then swiftly moved and the Fever that is communicate from the Inflamation certainly shewing a near resemblance betwixt them perswades that a certain degree of Incrassation from this Fountain of Co-agulation And accompanied also with a frequent Pulse does affect the Blood as the Ignorance then of the concurring occasional cause of that frequency of the Pulse gave rise to all the Errors about this subject so the bringing to Light the true cause thereof will make all these Errors evanish For clearing then of this it is to be considered that the Body of Man being a curious Machine the motion wherewith it is enâ—ueâ— like other Machines as it has an efficient cause so it has a final cause thereof And in respect the final cause is alwayes the reason of placing the efficient cause and that the Idea thereof is still in the mind of the Architeck before the Idea of the efficient This makes the Idea of the efficient to be alwayes shaped subservient to the Idea of the final Cause And must also make the structure of the efficient in the Fabrick of the machine to be moulded to that final Cause likewise instructed qualified Suitable to attain the end of the motion that is to say that it may have a faculty of Intension and Remission to be regulate and moderate according to the exigence and necessity of the final to be productive of the end of its being put there At least in so far as the Contrivance of a Mechanism will go As in a Watch whose Spring is so contrived that it may be Bended or Slackned for attaining the end of its motion And it seems also probable that in every motion in Nature it s only the end that both puts the Efficient and sets it a going and therefore it must be still by that end that the motion must be regulate Hightned or diminished As it is seen when Mariners do exercise the Pump of the Ship it s alwayes with respect to the breaking in of Water at the Leaks Which being in great quantity does excite to frequent and vigorous Pumping to save the Ship Much after the same manner it seemes probable that this motion of the Heart which is nothing but a Pump designed to lay in the alimentitious Juice and so has for its end a proportionable proportional reparation of the functions and parts suitable to their Consumptsion and Waste And that by the sending to them throw the Channels of the Arteries the arterial Blood which is to be dispersed in such quantity and time as may answer to the reparation of their Consumptsion and Waste The Body consisting which seemes to deny it all consistance in a continual Flux and succession of new parts coming in place of the old that are wasted like a River which has nothing Identitious but the Channel And so this final cause would seem to require an efficient whither that be the first Impellent the Archeus or Spirits indued with a capacity and aptitude not only to continue but also to incite and quicken this motion according to the exigence of the final as when the Intervention of any stops or Impediments of the motions of the Blood does Interveen to overcome which its necessarie that the efficient of the motion be bended to Superate these stops and gain t is
of the Cathartick with its force power as only sufficient to intercept and divert the Enemies Provision and Forrage from this Coast. But farther to evince the security utility yea necessity of this Auxiliarie of Nature in this Intestine War it 's to be considered that this Method of our Author is not only exactly adapted to the Concatenation and Complication of causes making and â—omenting this War but thereby all the Auxiliaries are drawn up and planted in that Order and Battalion Form that each of them does both back and make good each others assault And bridle and restrain their Depradation Ravageries and Exorbitancies For the Cathartick and Paregorick Forces charging the Enemie severally and alone instead of Auxiliaries often prove Depredatory So then in the first place comes Phlebotomy whereof the proper direct effect is not more to be considered then the Respective preparative relation it has to the cathartick often times to be given on the back of it comes to be remarked Which in that order administred as it operats gently and without tumult So does it more efficaciously then being administrat otherwayes And this as it is observed by the most famous Silvius is comunicat as a remarke very useful in Practise And thô there can be no such pâ—rswasive Arguments for this as experience Yet for satisfaction of the curious inquirer of the reason thereof that they may have an adequat idea of the Phenomenon perhaps also bringing light as well in other cases as this I shal make this essay to give a reason therefore It seemes probable that all tumult and commotion in the Body with anxieties and trouble accompanying it has its rise from the complication of thir causes and according to their Intension or remission is more or less viz. From the energie of the Impellent faculty or explosion of the Spirits exciting frustraneous Essayes to pass themselves throw their Medium or to carry matter throw proper passages destinate for that end and these Essayes are frustraneous either because of indisposition and inaptitude of the matter throw viscosity or grosness Or because of the closness or Scabricity of the passages And so these explosive motions of the Spirits terminate in collisions repercussions irksome touches of themselves Or of that moveable matter upon the Walls and Fibres of the Vessels and Bowels inducing therein Irritations spasms anxieties and troublesome sense some being affected principally some by consent in which tumultuating state the Functions deprived of their due Incomes and Recruites do also languish and consequently become lank in their office So then on the approach of the Adventitious irritating and stimulating force of the Cathartick either under a present Orgasme thorow the foresaid cause or under a Disposition or Proclivity thereunto there must necessarly a Tumult arise or one already begun be heightned there being so much of an additional cause put as the Commotion of the remainder of the crude humors stirred up by the Purgative which being thereby somewhat atenuate are easily carried into the Blood and do by their viscosity and grosâ—ness which makes their unaptitude to go throw the small Channels and Vessels stop and close these Channels But by Venesection the Obstructions as was shown being much resolved and the course of the Blood in a manner restored these Spirits incitat and irritate by the Purgative enjoying a free course throw a pure medium do excite no tumults also these particles of commoved matter meeting with a brisk motion of the Blood patent channels are soon dissipate scattered and expelled by perspiration insensible And the Benefit of Connecting immediatly togeâ—her Phlebotomie and Catharticks in Fevers has been the succesful Practise of many famous antient Authors yet none thereof adverted the beneficial use of the Paregorick after the Cathartick as Riverius in his Practise of medicine Lib xvi Of the pestilent Fever chap 1. In that most cruel Fever that raged at Montpelier which took away the half of these that were infected therewith althô the sick People had the eruption of parotides were brought to extreme weakness yet he induced with the unsuccesfulneâ—s of all other Methods Cured them with Bleeding and Purging So that none that were so treated by him died And Sylvius Delaboe that deservedly to this day famous professor Practitioner of Medicine at Leyden does in the first Book of his practise Chap 29. Institute his Cure yea of Burning Fevers with Blooding and purging the purge to be given even within an hour after the Blooding And he appoints both to be reiterated till the Fever become much thereby subdued And Donckers that Famous Practitioner in Cologne in his treatise of the Petechial Fever which is the same with a Malignant Fever does follow much the same Method begining with Purging Bleeding in that Fever and gives with all this Practical Caution in the use of Purgatives that especialy to these whose Constitutions and Strength are not known they be administred not in one whole Dose but in partited Doses For a larger quantity that way given will have a more mild and a far more effectual operation then a less quantity by the third given at one Dose will have But above all which I have yet observed to contribute to the secure effectual present operation of Catharticks in Fevers there is nothing to be compared to volatile Salts with which the Doses given to Febricitants being well imbued The anxieties tumults and faintings Using to arise during the time of the operation are extraordinatly checked and supressed But yet if by the present disposition of the Body there be such a proclivity to Orgasmes and Anxieties in the time of the operation That these volatiles given in this manner are not sufficient to Bridle them It may be surely as I have frequently observed and to great surprize as it were like an Inchantment done by the reiterated administration of these volatiles at that time in a convenient vehicle Which has seldome or never been observed to faill of the designed effect And makes the purgative absolve its operation without any troublesome or hurtful symptome And the reason of thir effects seemes to be by the intimately commixing the Volatile Salt with the Cathartiek or the Superadding it so that wherever the Cathartick coming exerts its stimulating force and operation with uneasieness it is attended also with the opening and atenuating efficacie of the volatile making its operation easie SECT XIII The benefit and season of using Paregoricques in Fevers and there Diaphoretique vertue comended and the danger of other Diaphoretiques with a doubt from the Author Sydenham's Constitutions of years answered and this Method shown to be common to all Constitutions BUT at length when the Fewel or matter being the antecedent cause of the disease is so plentifull and Contumacious that being only raked up troubled by the Purgative it therefore does send into the Blood more crudities and viscosities then the Motion
accounted is clear from this that the Blood which is sent from the right Ventricle of the Heart by pulsation unto the Lungs is nothing different from the rest of the Venal Blood While the same Blood being immediatly sent back to the left ventricle of the Heart from the Lungs has before it enter the heart both the colour consistence and rarefaction proper to the Arterial Blood And differs nothing from the Arterial Blood in the Aorta or great artery Now in the case of a Fever althô the grosser Particles or Globuls of the clotted Blood returning from the Veins into the Lungs are grinded and levigate over again and then the Blood gives small token of its fault Because being so near it is also under the brisk impressions of the Hearts motion and also being crumbled by its passage throw innumerable ramifications and small capillary vessels in the Lungs while they are likewayes under a perpetual Systole and Diastole it is so attenuaâ— and grinded that any tendency to coagulation or obstruction is soon put off But yet when such Blood comes to the extremities of great Arteries where the force and strength of pulsation cannot be propagated in proportion to the Bloods slowness there then it must loyter and stop And moreover in some Fevers which are indeed very dangerous ones the slowness of the Blood 's passage even throw the vessels of the lungs is conspicuous that always making high difficult frequent breathing And moreover the Blood is also depurate and defecate from its crudities and viscosities by its passage through the Lungs And so by their taking care of the whole and endeavoring to repair the faults of the other functions they smart for them and become the Seat of many Diseasâ—s themselves for that same viscosity and grosness of the Humores does frequently make blemishing Impressions on them by obstructing tumefying their glands many of which obstructions are shaken off by the force of respiration but not always For althô the Motion of the Systole and Diastole of Lungs contrarying alwayes the direct Motion of the Blood in the vessels of the Lungs must subtilize attenuat the Blood So that it stickes not easily in the Channels of the Lungs yet often the fault of the former functions is so deep ingrained that the Blood sent here cannot be sufficiently attenuated and the crudities and viscosities expelled by the glands of the Lungs But does obstruct and tumefie them And breeds that disease called Pâ—hisis or Comsumption of the Lungs Now this Disease being of as universal extent among Chronick Diseases as a Fever is among acute ones is most Learnedly treated by Dr Morton in his Pthifilogia But alas as he wisely observes the Practise in this Disease is rarely attended with success For this reason that the Disease steals on the Patient unawares And before he peâ—ceives he is irrecoverably taken with the Distemper It is then hoped it will be thought no impertinent or useless digression if to instruct every one against the surprize of such a remediless attack there be transferred here from his work which is in Latine such apposite signs as may admonish every one of the aproach of that Disease and put them upon their guard in case of imminent danger to prâ—vide the timeous help of a faithful and skilful Physician The first sign he gives is The Descent from Parents that have been Pthisical For this Disease seems most hereditary of all Distempers 2 An evil frame of the Breast whether natural or aâ—cidental and that is either narrow or strait 3 A small Voice and Hâ—low 4 White and soft Skin with a thin habit of Body 5 A soft and Phlegmaticâ— habit of the Muscules 6 Oppression or Weight in the Breast 7 Thoughtfulness anxiety sadness and anger without a manifest cause 8. The Suppression of usual evacuation by Issues old Ulcers or any other usual 9 Spitting of Blood 10 A continual haughing of Viscide and black plegm in the â—orning 11 Salt or sharp phlegm haughted up 12 A pronness to copious evacuation of spittle either with or without an evident cause 13 An continued and increasing prostration of appetite without any other Disease accompanying it and with oppression of the Stomach and Spontaneous Laâ—â—itude in time of digestion 14 A Troublesom and continual Heat especially in the Soles of the Feet and Palms of the Hands cheiâ—ly after meat with a Pulse something too frequent 15 A shortness of Breath with difficulty of respiration 16 A great disposition to the Cough which is brought on frequently either by a slender or no evident Cause at all which is the most evident signe of an imminent Pthisis And the more of these signes there be the more still is the danger Now this Disease having alwayes a Fever accompaning it and that with an exacerbation some houres after Meat answering exactly to the time when the Chyle comes to the Blood doth also confirm the foresaid Hypothesis of Fevers For the chyle coming with the Venal Blood unto the Lungs to receive there its attrition and perfection While they are affected with obstructions and tumors in â—heir glands that must be superficâ—ally done And many of the Particles of the Blood do therefore return back to the Heart without sufficient elaboration which coming to the small Channels oâ— the Arteries betwixt them and the veins pass there also with difficulty So that to distribut the nourishment a fâ—equent Pulse is raised until the Particles by often passing that way be yet farther polished attenuated And so passing with greater ease the Fever and Pulse is remitted If any shall yet judge that this grosness of the Blood should be rather productive of tumors and inflamations then of Fevers It is to be considered that Fevers and Inflamations have that common to them both that they use to be generate together And also Fevers do depend on tumors inflamations which shews they are near of Kin to one another but yet they seem to differ in this that Fevers depend on an universal altho lesser grosness of the Blood which makes it with difficulty pass the small vessels and tremors depend as upon greater grosness so upon total obstruction of the Blood or other Liquores in some particular vessel And oftentimes they are generate and propagate by compression And perhaps it is the perverse figuration of some particles of the Blod or humours in respect of the Pores and Channels of a vessel which wholy stoping makes a total stagnation therein and this stagnation making a compression on the neighbouring vessels and these again upon the next adjacent affects them all with stagnation likewayes And thus that obstruction that begins in a point may have the sphere of its activity so extended as to infect all the neigâ—ouring parts with that tumour as is seen in a Thorn which pricking the Flesh doâ—s compress the next adjacent vessâ—ls and makes the Blood to stagnate therein And they again compressing these nixt
to them produce therein the like effect And so forth until the compression spend its Impression force Now in this case these Tumors being made of the Blood and Humors That should slip throw the Channels when they do stop coagulate there the humors are again set a going by the use of these things that add Spurrs to the Spirits and attenuate viscosity such as volatile Salts and also by such things as grate and grind gross Humors such as fixed salts c. which internally used are all dissolvers of tumours And farther as we find that the impurities which do cleave to garments worn called sweatiness and which being bred of the perspirable matter sticking there do yield to nothing but smegmatique mixtures so the coagulations therefrom within the body may yeild to such internally used And indeed it seems that there is as much forcein the grosness viscosity of the humors obstruction depending thereupon as will produce not only Fevers but the most of all chronick Diseases also But that the various faces with which Diseases appear proceeds as from the Degâ—ee of grosness and obstruction and from the nature of the place or organe affâ—cted therewith so from the impression that is thereby made on the impellent or the disposition of the Body exciting either resentment and irritation or only grief and languishing And altho in Fevers from the present disposition the impellent is for the most part irritated and strives to shake off the cause of the malady yet in chronick Distempers from another disposition it is less commoved and rather groans under then resents the invasion and oppression And these dâ—fferent effects from the like occasional cause in the natural body are paralelled by the like different consequences springing from the same occasional causes in the body politick For Tyrrany and Arbitrary Government exercised upon a Heroick and Generous spirited People uses to beget War but all the impression it makes on a servile and despirited Nation resolves only in languishing and depopulation And the parallel may be yet carried farther for as tyrrany oppression of a People is often shaken off by civil Wars and they thereby brought into a vegete and flourishing state so Chronick distempers in the natural body are often loosed by a superveening Fever and the body thereby is brought into a sound and healthy condition An APPENDIX concerning The Statical Doctrine of Sanctorius NOw in regard the due comprehension both of this Hypothesis and of the Practice of the Cure of Fevers and also of almost the whole Theory of Medicine seems to depend upon the right and full understanding of the Doctrine of insensible Perspiration the whole fundamental conclusions whereof are demonstrable to the Eye by the Ballâ—nce Also the due observation and regulation The Weighting Chaire of that Evacuation and Indications taken therefrom contributing more to the preservation of Health and Cure of Diseases than all other indications or means whatsomever it will be then not thought superfluous to insert here the description and use of Sanctorius's Weighting Chair and also some select Theorems taken out of his Staticks whereby the Reader having got a Tincture of that Doctrine may be fully cleared of its use and fruitfulness The Description and Vse of the WEIGHING CHAIR THe Chair is hung about two inches from the Floor upon the short end of the Ballance and the Weight on the long end of it being removeable hither and thither serves for two uses first having placed our selves therein we find out the daily insensible Perspiration of the Body and next seating our selves likewise in this Chair during the time of our Repast and placing the Weight in such a place of the Ballance as answers to the quantity of Aliment we intend to take we perceive by the Chairs coming to the ground when we have taken the due proportion of Mear and Drink beyond which and short of which we are alwayes prejudiced Now the Ballance may be fastned to a Beam in the Room above that where you take Refection For it may be thought unseemly in the same Room especially by reason of the Unlearned to whom all things unusual seem ridiculous SECT I. Of the Weight Measure and Nature of Insensible Perspiration Aphorism First IF the addition of these things that are deficient and the substraction of those that are exuberant be daily made as to Quantity and Quality such as it ought to be lost Health would be recovered and the present preserved II. If the Physician be only capable of judging the sensible Addition and Evacuation and knows not to regulate the insensible Perspiration he does not Cure but deceives his Patients III. If the Aliment taken in one day amounts to eight pound weight the insensible Perspiration amounts to five pound or thereabout yet there is some variety therein according to the diversity of Natures Climats Seasons Age Aliment c. IV. And this may be easily computed having weighed the Aliments taken in by sitting in the Chair having duly placed the Weight then weighing the Body the nixt morning before and after sensible Excretion The weight of the sensible being only found to come to three pound or thereby the rest being five must of necessity go by insensible Perspiration V. This insensible Perspiration is made throw the Pores of the Body which are transpirable in all its parts Or by respiration performed by the Mouth coming out with the breath which commonly amounts to half a pound a day VI. What quantity of perspiration is convenient for every One in order to continue his Health may be found out thus observing in the Morning after a somewhat plentiful Supper over Night what the Perspiration in the space of twelve hours comes to suppose it comes to 50 Ounces then another Morning after Fasting over Night but with this condition that thou didst not exceed at Dinner the day before make the same observation as suppose the Perspiration to have amounted to 20 Ounces So having made these observations pitch upon that proportion of Meat and other Non-natural causes which may reduce the perspiration to the mean betwixt 50 and 20 Ounces and that will be 35 ounces thus mayest thou live a long and healthful life and happily an hundred years VII The weight of the body being augmented without increasing the aliment or the retention of the sensible excrements is a sign of wanting perspiration VIII If the body be brought to the same weight that it was formerly by more copious urine or stools then the ordinary it begins to decline from health IX Plenty of perspiration and much sensible evacuations are inconsistent together and copious sensible evacuations with perspiration deficient are evil X. That weight of the Body is the standard of health when one can ascend a steep place with ease XI The weight of the Body is diminished by the evacuation either of sensible or insensible crude matter or by sensible or insensible concocted Matter The latter conduces to
usual weight all the four Seasons of the year 26 The increase of weight is alwayes in the beginning of Autumn and the diminution thereof in the beginning of Summer and there is more danger in the increase than in the diminution 27 Air too moist or windie hinders Perspiration SECT III. Of Aliments Meat and Drink 1. ALiments that make the Body heavy are such as are taken copiously or such as are difficult to digest and these that keep the Body light are such as we are accustomed to and such as are easily evaporated 2. A full and a void Stomack both divert Perspiration the full Stomack by Corruption of the Meat and the void Stomack attracts it that it may be filled 3. Robust Persons do discuss too great plenty of Meat eaten by Perspiration less robust Persons by Vrine but weak Persons turn the Chyle into Corruption 4 If the usual Super be intermitted the Stomack being empty the perspirable Matter is both retained and becomes acrimonious so the Body is disposed to hot Diseases 5. Unusual abstinence from Aliment does sometime hurt 6. The use of Swines flesh especially dried in the smoak hinders Perspiration 7. That kind of Meat perspires best whose weight is least found in the Stomack for where there is a difficulty of Digestion there is also a difficulty of Perspiration 8. That Meat gives the best Perspiration whose Excrements come away consistent and solid 9. The time when the Body has lest Perspiration is when the Body is full of Meat especially of variety 10. Drinking of water hinders insensible perspiration but advances sensible 11. To eat presently after immoderat exercise of Body or Mind is hurtful 12 Eating and Drinking copiously doth oftentimes obtund the Acrimony of the perspirable Matter retained and does hide the infirmities of the inward parts which oftentimes upon abstinence or purging of these Bodies does break out 13. Meat that easily perspires though of small nourishment doth better repair the strength decayed by too muâ—h venery than Meat of greater nourishment but of difficult perspiration 14 Onions Garlick Wedder Mutton and Phesants flesh but especially the Cyreniack juice help the perspiration of Meats that are difficult to perspire 15. Meat very little in quantity not being imbraced by the Stomach neither digests nor restores the Body nor perspires well 16 Insensible perspiration is the excrement of the third Concoction so that the first not being perfected the third cannot be accomplished 17. The corruption of Meat makes weariness because it diverts perspiration and this corruption is known by a Celiack Flux by which the Meat comes away with the excrements undigested 18. The Coldness and Clamminess of the juice of Cucumbers is kept in the Veins And other unwholsome juices thô of easy concoction by obstructing perspiration cause Malignant Fevers 19. None will fall into a disease if they be careful to provide against the heaping up of Crudities 20. The Supper taken with the mind troubled does not digest 21. To drink betwixt the Dinner and Supper is hurtful but if so much the drink be less at Supper the hurt is diminished 22. An uniform Dyet wants the benefit of one that exceeds sometimes twice or thrice a Moneth for the Expultrix faculty being stirred up by the redundancy excites so great a perspiration as without the Statickes none would beleive 23. In a cold Body Hony nourishes and perspires well but in a hot turning to Bile it hurts 24. There is nothing that hurts perspiration more than to drink when the Chyle is making in the Stomack SECT IIII. Of Sleeping and Waking 1. THE perspiration in Sleep accompanied with sweeting is no more than it use to be without it 2. In quiet Sleep there is a greater perspâ—ration than in violent Exercises 3. A weariness after Sleep is a signe that the Body is of greater weight than the Body can long bear 4. Perspiration is more impeded in Sleep by a Southerly cold Air than it is hindered in those that are awake by the greatest cold 5. Those that go to Bed with the Stomack empty perspires less by a third than they would do otherways 6. Sleep is most proper four hours after Meat for them the first concoction is near absolved and perspiration succeeds best 7 When the sleep is shorter then the usual there is something of perspirable matter retained which unless it be expelled afterward puts them in hazard of a Fever 8. Streaching of the Joynts after sleep is made by the plenty of perspirable matter well prepaâ—ed for expulsion So there is more perspired in half an hour then than in three houres at another time 9. Those that give to sick People Medicines two hours after sleep which is the season of most plentiful perspiration does rather hurt then help them 10. If there be any thing of the last dayes perspirable matter remaining and that be not excerned by an afternoons slâ—ep after that sleep the head is affected with a weighty pain 11. If four hours after the begining of sleep the Meat corrupt in the Stomack then is perspiration stopt and watching succeeds 12. There is no reason that oftner makes watching than the corruption of the Meat in the stomach 13. Sleep is more profitable in the Winter than in Summer For in the Winter by the dawning of the day the Body becomes more warm and perspires better than it does in the Summer 14. A little of any generous Wine or of Garlick procures sleep and perspiration but too much of either of them hinders it and causes sweating SECT V. Of Exercise and Rest. 1. In violent motion the perspiration is for the most part of crude and inconeocted juices 2. Sweat is alwayes from a violent cause and hinders due perspiration 3. The Body perspires more in rest then when it is oft turned from side to side by frequent agitation 4. In a long jurney those that are chearful or angrie weary least 5. Exercise after the seventh unto the twelth hour from taking Meat resolves more in the space of an hour than three hours of another time does 6. Rest disposes Bodies extraordinarly to perspiration yet long rest makes sick Bodies heavier which fomenting their sickness brings death 7. Pains of the Feet coming from long lying are cured by walking but these that come by much walking are cured by rest 8. The exercise of the Body evacuats sensible Excrements but that of the mind insensible ones 9 By too much exercise the Excrements of the first and second Concoction are eliminate by the superfice of the Body which binds the Belly 10. Continual exercise of both Body and mind makes Bodies lighter brings quickly old Age and untimely Death 11. Violent exercise in Bodies filled with crude Juices evacuates less than usual of sensible Excrements but of the insensible almost nothing 12. In sleep the Body perspires more than in exercise and thereby the Belly is also made soluble 13. Frictions and Cupping Glasses in those filled with crude Juices hinder
perspiration 14. Violent exercise where the wind blows is evil for the wind stops the perspiration and the motion makes it acrimonious 15. Riding promoves the perspiration most in the parts above the Loins Ambling is most wholsome but Trotting unwholsome 16. The motion of a Boat or a Litter long used disposes extraordinarly to perspiration 17 Violent motion of a Coach evacuates the unconcocted perspirable Matter and hurts the solid Parts and the Reins 18. The exercise of the Pennystone disposes very much to perspiration 19. Perspiration wanting to persons in health is promoved by Exercise 20. By immoderate exercise the Fibres grow hard whence comes old Age but softness of the Fibres keeping them open makes long life 21. A Youthful Face is long preserved by avoiding sweating or perspiring too much throw heat SECT VI. Of VENERY 1. TOo much Abstinence and too much Vse both hinder Perspiration 2. Venery does good when after the next sleep there is no weariness found 3. Immoderat Venery with a Person very much desired hurts least 4. After an inclination to Venery to forbear does bring agility of the Body 5. The present effect of immoderat Venery is the Refrigerating the Stomack and the subsequent is the hindring of Perspiration Whence come Palpitations in the Eye-Brows and in the Ioints and thereafter in the principal Members â— Immoderat Venery hurts most in the Summer 7. Those that in Venery purposely do not emit Sperm fall into tumors of the Testicles 8. Immoderat Venery after the Stomack hurts the Eyes generates the Stone Cathaâ—hes and Palpitation of the heart 9. Flatulent Aliments after Venery such as Oysters and New Wine are pernicious 10. While Venery is to be used little or nothing is to be eaten And while you must eat little or no Venery 11. Venery prompted by Nature is beneficial but prompted by the mind hurts both mind and memory 12. After exercise venery is unwholesome After Meat not so much but after sleep it is most wholsome of all SECT VII Of the Affections of the Mind 1 BY Sadness and Fear the lightâ— of the perspirable mater only is pâ—â—spired the weightier remaining by Glaâ—ness and Anger both perspire whence Sadnâ—â— and Grief breeds obstructions Hardness 〈◊〉 the Parts and Hâ—pochondriack affects 2. Nothing makes Perspiration more frâ—â— than a Contented Mind 3. Sadness and Grief hinders the grossâ— peâ—spirable matter to be evacuat And thâ— retained by every light Cause begeâ— Fear and Sadness 4. The Acrimony of the perspirable matâ—â— retained by Grief is taken off by Chearfuâ—ness 5. These that go to Bed sad at nigâ—â— perspire little 6. Melancholy is overcome either by 〈◊〉 free perspiration or by continual consolatioâ— of the Mind 7. Chearfulness without an evideâ—â— Cause that proceeds from the Perspiratiâ—â— succeeding well makes the Body becoâ—â— lighter 8. Moderate Ioy evacuationly the superfluous Matter but Immoderate Ioy that that 's useful 9. A Surprising Ioy hurts more than that which is foreseen for it makes the Spirits totally exhale 10. Ioy persevering many dayes hinders Sleep and dissolves the Strength 11 Aliments that promove Perspiration make Chearfulness and these that hinder it make Sadness 12. These that are of a Chollerick Nature are much hurt by immoderat Exercise so Hyppocrates forbad such to use frictions and wrestlings 13. The Body at rest perspires more if â—he Mind be exercised Then when the Body is exercised and the Mind idle 14. So the immoderat Exercise of the â—ind hurts more than that of the Body 15. The Body would wither and perish â—ithout the exercise of the Mind but not â—ontrary wayes 16. A vehement motion of the Mind is â—either settled by Rest nor Sleep 17. Such as in Game do very earnestly â—esire to gain do not Play but Labour and 〈◊〉 exceedingly divert Perspiration 18. A Moderat Victory is more wholesome than a Glorious One 19. Study with change of Affections is longer indured than under one Affection of the Mind 20. Study without all Affections scarce endures an hour with on Affection scarce four with frequent change of Affections as in the the play of the Dice it will be endured Dayes and Nights 21. To be sometimes Merry sometimes Sad and then again Angry and nixt afraid This change of Affections helps Perspiration more then one of the best Affections alwayes continuing does FINIS Equity and Law makes the unskilfulness of Phisicians highly culpable Acuteness requisite in Phisicians § 3. And they being sequestrate from other Imployes or Divertisements 4. § Dilligence and Industry requisite 5. §. The causes of their negligence either the impunity thereof here 6. § Or ignorance of the strictness of the Obligation lying on them 7. § The Nature and Extent of it cleared from Law and Equity §. 8. §. 9. In how nice a point neglect may ly and the coming under the possibility thereof alarms sufficiently to inquiry The general diligence of his accomplishment §. 2. The benefit of this Diligence The particular Diligence begets experience §. 4. §. 5. An journal of the Physicians practice requisite § 6. Whence is the vanity of the many Observations in Medicine diseases not being sufficiently unmasked §. 7. Next Diseases not being sufficiently specified The benefit and necessity of this diligence Why recent Writters afford the best means of Improvement The great merit of D Sydenham §. 9. The evil consequences of Sloatâ— The success of Artifice and personal Prudence hinders Improvement The pâ—ecipitant Judgment of the vulgar and their preconceiâ—ed opinion hinder improvment and is fatal to people thô it be the basis of Reputation The vulgar Errors of the preconceived opinion of experienced discovered The vulgar Error of the vanity of Medicine considered disproved The uncertainty of Prognostick a great piller of that Error â—onsidered removed Upon what does the Arbitriment concerning the Medicinal Practise depend The disparity betwixt the Arbitriment Concerning Practise and Policy and that of Physicians Only from Practise comes Improvement in Medicine As it is in Philosophy called Experimental The common and diaphoretique method considered The Fomes in Fevers considered Refrigerants considered Temperers of Acrimony sweetners of the blood Aperients and inciders The true method proposed that is most probable An unparalleled danger he escaped His Sagacity and Ingenuity marred his Reputation D. Morton his Elogium of D. Sydenham D. Harris his Elogium The Opinion that Fevers consist in heat Willis his Opinion of effervescence in Fevers Cartesius his Opinion Paracelsus and Helmonâ— their Opiâ—ions The occasion of these Errores discovered The Scheme of the New hypolsices of Fevers laid down An objection against this Hypothesis answered Another deficulty solved Insensible Perspiration A mechanical Hypothesis of Digestion How delirium is made How spots are made A Proposal for improvment of Phlebotomy How Blooding helps in hemorhagies Other Phoenomena of the motion of the Blood cleared The reason why the worst Blood is first evacuated Why the ill Blood comes first or last Why People ly down upon a fitt of sickness Why Blood letting iâ— easiest when lying a bed An Objection of the Bloods not coagulating when drawn in Fevers answered Authorities purging for in Fevers Some Practical Cautions Concernig Purging in Fevers Other Cautions The hurt of meer Diaphoretiques in Fevers The hurt of a method directed to a Crisis A difficulty answered shewing that this Method agrees with all constitutions of years Continual lying in the naked Bed why hurtful in Fevers Why hurtful to lye with the head too low * De pass anim part 1. cap. 10. The manner of Sanguification The signs of an iÌ„â—minent Consumption given by D Morton The Phaenomenon of the Fever in a consumption confirmes the Hypothesis Another difficulty about the supposed Hypoâ—hesis answered