philosophy_n and_o on_o the_o loadstone_n erect_v a_o large_a trophy_n to_o commend_v he_o to_o posterity_n this_o famous_a doctor_n be_v as_o pregnant_a in_o witty_a apprehension_n as_o diligent_a in_o curious_a search_n of_o natural_a cause_n after_o many_o experiment_n and_o long_a inquiry_n find_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o propriety_n hide_v in_o the_o magnetical_a temper_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o the_o earth_n itself_o be_v a_o mere_a magnetical_a body_n challenge_v all_o those_o propriety_n and_o more_o than_o have_v express_v themselves_o in_o the_o loadstone_n which_o opinion_n of_o his_o be_v no_o soon_o broach_v than_o it_o be_v embrace_v and_o well-commed_n by_o many_o prime_a wit_n aswell_o english_a as_o foreign_a in_o so_o much_o that_o iâ—_n have_v of_o late_o take_v large_a root_n and_o get_v much_o ground_n of_o our_o vulgar_a philosophy_n not_o that_o in_o the_o main_a scope_n and_o drift_n of_o it_o it_o contradict_v or_o cross_v all_o peripatetical_a principle_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o such_o ground_n as_o have_v hitherto_o bear_v the_o stamp_n aswell_o of_o antiquity_n as_o of_o authority_n but_o that_o it_o have_v bring_v to_o light_a matter_n of_o no_o small_a moment_n which_o never_o find_v any_o ground_n or_o footstep_n in_o our_o ordinary_a philosophy_n this_o new_a philosophy_n i_o dare_v not_o commend_v as_o everywhere_a perfect_a and_o absolute_a be_v but_o of_o late_a year_n invent_v and_o not_o yet_o bring_v to_o mature_a perfection_n yet_o will_v it_o savour_v of_o little_a ingenuity_n or_o judgement_n in_o any_o man_n perverse_o to_o deny_v all_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v ground_v on_o plain_a experiment_n and_o observation_n since_o no_o philosophy_n be_v every_o way_n so_o exact_a but_o require_v experience_n daily_o to_o correct_v it_o i_o intend_v not_o here_o a_o absolute_a discourse_n of_o magnetical_a boby_n and_o motion_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o search_n who_o experimental_a industry_n be_v more_o suitable_a to_o such_o a_o subject_n only_o i_o will_v show_v some_o general_a ground_n appertain_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a for_o a_o geographer_n wherefore_o ere_o i_o curious_o distinguish_v these_o magnetical_a propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o other_o several_a kind_n i_o will_v set_v down_o this_o theorem_a as_o a_o ground_n or_o foundation_n of_o that_o which_o follow_v 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o disposition_n a_o magnetical_a body_n by_o some_o be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o seat_v in_o the_o air_n do_v place_n itself_o in_o one_o place_n natural_a not_o alterable_a this_o situation_n be_v suppose_v to_o agree_v to_o all_o the_o star_n especial_o to_o the_o great_a globe_n of_o saturn_n jupiter_n mars_n and_o the_o sun_n as_o also_o to_o such_o as_o give_v their_o attendance_n on_o they_o late_o detect_v by_o the_o trunk-spectacle_n to_o wit_n those_o two_o star_n which_o move_v about_o saturn_n the_o four_o which_o move_v about_o jupiter_n the_o two_o which_o circle_n about_o the_o sun_n as_o venus_n and_o mercury_n and_o last_o the_o moon_n which_o encompass_v the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o let_v pass_v those_o other_o globe_n as_o far_o off_o and_o therefore_o less_o subject_a to_o our_o search_n our_o discourse_n shall_v only_o touch_v the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o live_v which_o we_o shall_v prove_v to_o partake_v of_o a_o certain_a magnetical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o to_o show_v more_o open_o we_o must_v understand_v that_o all_o magnetical_a globe_n have_v some_o part_n of_o their_o body_n which_o be_v also_o magnetical_a which_o be_v divorce_v from_o their_o proper_a sphere_n &_o meet_v no_o obstacle_n will_v settle_v themselves_o to_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o peculiar_a orb_n which_o we_o may_v plain_o perceive_v in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o shall_v find_v two_o magnetical_a mineral_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o loadstone_n attract_v iron_n or_o steel_n the_o other_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n itself_o either_o ofthese_fw-mi two_o artificial_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n or_o place_v in_o a_o little_a boat_n on_o the_o water_n all_o encumbrance_n be_v remove_v will_v conform_v &_o settle_v their_o part_n and_o pole_n correspondent_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o north_n and_o south_n this_o have_v be_v find_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o such_o as_o have_v travel_v round_o about_o she_o as_o drake_n and_o candish_n who_o compass_n be_v always_o direct_v magnetical_o in_o all_o place_n which_o they_o pass_v which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o disponent_fw-la faculty_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a sphere_n as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o by_o demonstration_n moreover_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o sail_v northerly_a and_o southerly_a that_o the_o magnetical_a inclinatory_a needle_n in_o every_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v conform_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o axle_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o certain_a angle_n answerable_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o region_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o this_o diversity_n of_o conformity_n must_v necessary_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n in_o itself_o absolute_o consider_v or_o else_o from_o the_o harmony_n and_o correspondency_n it_o have_v with_o the_o terrene_a globe_n it_o can_v be_v the_o first_o because_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n and_o region_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o experience_n and_o our_o supposition_n then_o must_v we_o needs_o derive_v it_o from_o the_o magnetical_a disponent_fw-la virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o virtue_n the_o whole_a earth_n may_v be_v call_v magnetical_a nay_o if_o we_o true_o consider_v these_o magnetical_a affection_n primary_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o mother_n of_o all_o magnetical_a body_n but_o afterward_o secondary_o be_v derive_v into_o the_o part_n because_o as_o gilbert_n relate_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a motion_n and_o affection_n be_v the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a globe_n which_o form_n first_o agree_v to_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o be_v derive_v to_o all_o his_o homogeneal_a part_n these_o part_n be_v call_v homogeneal_a not_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o matter_n and_o quantity_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o magnetical_a nature_n and_o communion_n which_o in_o every_o part_n be_v conspicuous_a if_o any_o man_n shall_v wonder_v why_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v call_v magnetical_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o mineral_n which_o seem_v one_o of_o the_o least_o and_o scarce_a substance_n whereof_o it_o consist_v we_o may_v many_o way_n answer_v first_o that_o although_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n seem_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compose_v of_o other_o material_n more_o convenient_a for_o the_o use_n of_o live_a creature_n which_o dwell_v therein_o yet_o may_v infinite_a rocky_a mine_n of_o magnet_n be_v couch_v low_a towards_o the_o centre_n which_o strengthen_v and_o consolidate_v the_o earthly_a globe_n second_o we_o must_v not_o imagine_v the_o magnetical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v all_o one_o kind_n of_o stone_n but_o various_a for_o somewhere_o it_o be_v hard_a &_o solid_a as_o the_o true_a magnet_n itself_o and_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o mettle_n decoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n for_o iron_n oâ—â—e_n differ_v little_a or_o nothing_o at_o all_o from_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o somewhere_o again_o this_o substance_n be_v more_o thin_a and_o fuid_a be_v less_o concoct_v as_o some_o kind_n of_o clay_n and_o certain_a vapour_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v magnetical_a which_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o hard_a and_o more_o massy_a substance_n will_v have_v the_o same_o affection_n and_o motion_n with_o the_o loadstone_n itself_o this_o assertion_n of_o the_o earth_n magnetical_a nature_n we_o shall_v confirm_v more_o evident_o hereafter_o where_o we_o shall_v prove_v both_o the_o pole_n the_o meridian_n parallel_n and_o other_o circle_n to_o be_v not_o bare_a imaginary_a line_n as_o some_o have_v think_v but_o to_o be_v real_o ground_v in_o the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v to_o be_v show_v in_o any_o round_a loadstone_n wrought_v and_o place_v convenient_o with_o instrument_n thereunto_o apply_v 2_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v twofold_a either_o radical_a or_o derive_v the_o radical_a disposition_n we_o call_v that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o root_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o other_o magnetical_a motion_n 3_o the_o radical_a virtue_n or_o inclination_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o motive_n or_o disponent_fw
directive_a power_n more_o remarkable_a then_o in_o magnetical_a body_n especial_o in_o their_o direction_n and_o variation_n motion_n treat_v of_o hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a to_o which_o for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o theorem_a we_o refer_v the_o reader_n 9_o the_o radical_a faculty_n of_o the_o magnetical_a body_n be_v somewhat_o speak_v of_o aswell_o in_o their_o motive_n as_o disponent_fw-la virtue_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o derive_v motion_n which_o arise_v out_o of_o these_o faculty_n 6_o these_o motion_n magnetical_a be_v either_o partial_a or_o total_a the_o partial_a we_o call_v that_o by_o which_o the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v magnetical_o move_v and_o conform_v as_o well_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o to_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n 7_o the_o magnetical_a partial_a motion_n be_v coition_n direction_n variation_n and_o declination_n magnetical_a coition_n be_v that_o motion_n by_o which_o magnetical_a body_n be_v join_v and_o apply_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o iron_n and_o steel_n which_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o move_v unto_o the_o loadstone_n and_o cleave_v unto_o it_o if_o so_o be_v it_o be_v place_v within_o the_o sphere_n of_o his_o virtue_n this_o motion_n be_v common_o call_v attraction_n but_o improper_o as_o be_v observe_v by_o d._n gilbert_n 1_o because_o attraction_n seem_v to_o suppose_v a_o external_a force_n or_o violence_n by_o which_o one_o thing_n be_v carry_v and_o move_v unto_o another_o but_o the_o coition_n be_v mere_o natural_a as_o proceed_v from_o the_o internal_a form_n of_o both_o the_o body_n 2_o attraction_n suppose_v the_o force_n of_o move_v to_o be_v only_o in_o the_o one_o party_n and_o the_o other_o to_o be_v mere_o passive_a and_o not_o active_o concur_v to_o this_o motion_n whereas_o in_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n both_o part_n be_v mutual_o incline_v by_o nature_n to_o meet_v and_o join_v themselves_o one_o to_o the_o other_o not_o that_o the_o force_n of_o motion_n in_o both_o part_n be_v always_o equal_a because_o one_o magnetical_a body_n be_v great_a and_o strong_a than_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o one_o part_n seem_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o draw_v the_o other_o unto_o it_o although_o there_o be_v in_o this_o part_n so_o rest_v a_o inclination_n to_o the_o other_o which_o mutual_a inclination_n of_o conjunction_n in_o magnet_n we_o may_v easy_o see_v in_o two_o magnet_n of_o equal_a quantity_n and_o virtue_n which_o be_v set_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n will_v so_o move_v that_o they_o will_v meet_v in_o the_o midway_n some_o have_v go_v about_o to_o parallel_v this_o attractive_a force_n of_o the_o loadstone_n with_o the_o attractive_a force_n of_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o we_o see_v by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n to_o draw_v unto_o itself_o little_a straw_n and_o other_o such_o like_a matter_n but_o he_o that_o true_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o magnetical_a body_n shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n first_o because_o the_o jet_n or_o amber_n which_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o name_n of_o electricall_a body_n draw_v unto_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o matter_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o form_n as_o be_v too_o subtle_a a_o thing_n to_o spring_v from_o a_o material_a substance_n second_o electricall_a body_n draw_v and_o attract_v not_o without_o rub_v and_o stir_v up_o of_o the_o matter_n first_o and_o present_o fail_v if_o any_o vapour_n or_o thick_a body_n shall_v be_v interpose_v but_o in_o a_o magnetical_a motion_n we_o find_v no_o such_o matter_n because_o it_o require_v no_o such_o preparation_n or_o rub_v of_o the_o stone_n nor_o be_v hinder_v by_o interposition_n of_o solid_a body_n as_o we_o prove_v in_o this_o place_n three_o the_o loadstone_n move_v and_o provoke_v to_o motion_n nothing_o else_o but_o other_o magnetical_a body_n but_o the_o electricall_a will_v draw_v any_o little_a thing_n as_o straw_n hair_n dust_n and_o such_o like_a four_o the_o magnet_n will_v lift_v a_o great_a weight_n according_a to_o his_o virtue_n and_o quantity_n but_o jet_n the_o small_a and_o light_a thing_n last_o the_o electricall_a body_n as_o gilbert_n well_o confirm_v by_o experiment_n draw_v other_o body_n unto_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o moist_a effluence_n of_o vapour_n which_o have_v a_o quality_n of_o join_v body_n together_o as_o we_o see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o two_o stick_n in_o water_n at_o a_o certain_a distance_n which_o will_v common_o move_v till_o they_o meet_v together_o but_o the_o magnetical_a coition_n can_v be_v other_o than_o a_o act_n of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o many_o philosopher_n have_v free_o spend_v their_o uncertain_a conjecture_n rather_o out_o of_o a_o fear_n to_o be_v esteem_v ignorant_a then_o of_o confidence_n to_o be_v account_v learned_a most_o run_v upon_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mix_a body_n which_o grow_v from_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o four_o element_n but_o this_o opinion_n be_v very_o feeble_a and_o can_v go_v without_o crouch_n for_o since_o all_o mix_a form_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o temperament_n and_o disposition_n they_o add_v nothing_o to_o the_o thing_n compound_v but_o diverse_o modificate_n what_o be_v before_o in_o the_o simple_a element_n it_o can_v be_v imagine_v how_o such_o a_o affection_n as_o this_o shall_v be_v only_o find_v in_o the_o magnet_n and_o no_o other_o mix_v body_n indeed_o we_o ascribe_v this_o affection_n to_o the_o form_n as_o the_o immediate_a cause_n but_o by_o this_o form_n we_o understand_v not_o the_o form_n of_o the_o mixture_n result_v out_o of_o the_o mixture_n and_o temperature_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n but_o the_o magnetical_a form_n of_o all_o globous_a body_n such_o as_o be_v the_o sun_n moon_n star_n and_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n whereon_o we_o live_v who_o nature_n receive_v the_o stamp_n in_o the_o first_o creation_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o this_o integrity_n he_o that_o shall_v seek_v for_o the_o original_n of_o all_o form_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o the_o mixture_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o four_o element_n shall_v labour_v much_o and_o find_v little_a and_o neither_o at_o last_o be_v able_a to_o content_v himself_o or_o instruct_v other_o except_o we_o suppose_v a_o man_n sufficient_o teach_v when_o he_o hear_v ordinary_a matter_n express_v in_o exotic_a and_o artificial_a term_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o content_v myself_o with_o a_o rule_n of_o biel_n the_o schooleman_n that_o when_o a_o immediate_a effect_n proceed_v from_o a_o immediate_a cause_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o search_v far_o why_o such_o a_o cause_n shall_v produce_v such_o a_o effect_n every_o man_n be_v demand_v why_o the_o fire_n be_v hot_a be_v ready_a to_o fly_v to_o the_o form_n of_o fire_n and_o allege_v this_o as_o the_o cause_n but_o shall_v he_o inquire_v further_o why_o the_o form_n of_o fire_n shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o heat_n he_o may_v perhaps_o puzzle_v a_o whole_a academy_n of_o philosopher_n and_o never_o prove_v himself_o the_o wise_a for_o the_o further_a illustration_n of_o this_o motion_n these_o theorem_n will_v seem_v necessary_a 1_o the_o magnet_n communicate_v his_o virtue_n to_o iron_n or_o steel_n if_o it_o be_v touch_v with_o it_o experience_n teach_v that_o any_o iron-instrument_n touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n receive_v instant_o the_o same_o virtue_n attractive_a but_o the_o manner_n how_o this_o virtue_n shall_v be_v communicate_v on_o so_o slight_a a_o touch_n have_v be_v controvert_v the_o common_a philosopher_n have_v imagine_v that_o certain_a little_a part_n of_o the_o loadstone_n be_v separate_v from_o it_o in_o the_o touch_n which_o cleave_v to_o the_o iron_n or_o steel_n cause_n this_o attraction_n but_o that_o this_o virtue_n can_v be_v communicate_v by_o any_o corporal_a process_n or_o any_o such_o little_a part_n cleave_v to_o the_o iron_n be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o imagine_v for_o first_o it_o seem_v impossible_a that_o with_o a_o bare_a touch_n these_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o magnet_n or_o at_o least_o shall_v be_v so_o fast_o link_v to_o the_o iron_n second_o these_o part_n be_v so_o little_a and_o insensible_a can_v have_v so_o much_o vigour_n as_o we_o see_v a_o iron_n will_v have_v at_o the_o touch_n of_o the_o loadstone_n three_o the_o loadstone_n can_v work_v upon_o the_o iron_n notwithstanding_o any_o body_n interpose_v which_o be_v a_o evident_a sign_n that_o the_o iron_n itself_o be_v of_o a_o magnetical_a temper_n wherefore_o to_o show_v a_o reason_n of_o this_o effect_n we_o say_v that_o iron_n be_v a_o mettle_n excoct_v out_o of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o albeit_o it_o
we_o call_v it_o natural_a forasmuch_o as_o it_o issue_v and_o arise_v from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n and_o inclination_n of_o all_o the_o part_n to_o understand_v which_o clause_n the_o better_a we_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v call_v natural_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o near_a and_o immediate_a end_n or_o scope_n to_o which_o she_o be_v direct_v second_o in_o respect_n of_o her_o secundary_a intent_n or_o purpose_n as_o that_o which_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v the_o former_a true_a it_o be_v that_o every_o terrene_a body_n according_a to_o nature_n first_o intention_n seek_v and_o work_v it_o be_v own_o perfection_n and_o conservation_n nevertheless_o according_a to_o her_o secundary_a intent_n it_o concurre_v to_o the_o perfection_n and_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a universe_n which_o we_o shall_v plain_o see_v in_o a_o stone_n or_o clodd_n of_o earth_n which_o separate_v and_o remove_v from_o its_o mother_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o his_o descent_n and_o fall_v downward_o seek_v first_o his_o own_o conservation_n by_o reunite_a itself_o to_o the_o earth_n whence_o it_o be_v take_v second_o of_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o by_o this_o union_n and_o addition_n no_o doubt_n be_v make_v more_o complete_a and_o perfect_a this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n out_o of_o which_o arise_v the_o earth_n sphaericity_n i_o call_v the_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o move_v and_o settle_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o site_n or_o position_n as_o may_v bring_v forth_o a_o spherical_a consistency_n so_o that_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a as_o what_o can_v be_v to_o god_n almighty_a power_n that_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v dissolve_v and_o rend_v into_o little_a piece_n yet_o be_v that_o vigour_n and_o motive_n inclination_n remain_v in_o the_o part_n whereby_o they_o may_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o spherical_a nature_n and_o composition_n which_o it_o former_o enjoy_v for_o all_o the_o part_n thus_o suppose_v to_o be_v distract_v will_v no_o question_n meet_v together_o &_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o same_o point_n or_o centre_n and_o so_o equal_o poise_v themselves_o will_v restore_v the_o same_o sphere_n so_o dissolve_v so_o that_o we_o here_o note_v a_o double_a inclination_n and_o motion_n of_o earthly_a body_n first_o by_o a_o right_a line_n of_o the_o part_n tend_v towards_o the_o centre_n the_o other_o spherical_a of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n whereof_o the_o first_o in_o nature_n preceede_v the_o composition_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o other_o follow_v but_o this_o latter_a motion_n i_o leave_v doubtful_a till_o place_v convenient_a 6_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrene_a part_n be_v twofold_a primarie_n or_o secondary_a the_o former_a be_v that_o whereby_o all_o earthly_a body_n be_v by_o a_o right_a line_n carry_v and_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o in_o a_o artificial_a sphere_n or_o circle_n draw_v by_o a_o geometrician_n their_o principal_a part_n be_v express_v to_o wit_n the_o centre_n ray_n and_o circumference_n so_o in_o the_o natural_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o three_o as_o it_o be_v naturally_n &_o real_o discover_v themselves_o unto_o us._n for_o first_o there_o be_v set_v a_o fix_a point_n to_o which_o all_o heavy_a body_n move_v and_o conform_v themselves_o second_o there_o be_v set_v the_o line_n or_o radius_fw-la in_o which_o such_o body_n be_v carry_v and_o convey_v three_o the_o confluence_n of_o all_o these_o part_n beget_v the_o roundness_n and_o spherical_a form_n to_o begin_v first_o with_o that_o which_o be_v first_o in_o nature_n we_o will_v take_v these_o ground_n 1_o all_o earthly_a body_n incline_v and_o approach_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v this_o proposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n be_v confirm_v by_o common_a experience_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o long_a demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v plain_o that_o not_o only_o these_o two_o do_v incline_v as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o also_o all_o mix_a body_n compound_v of_o they_o be_v oversway_v with_o the_o most_o predominant_a element_n do_v challenge_n to_o themselves_o the_o same_o motion_n i_o say_v not_o that_o all_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n drive_v &_o meeâ—_n in_o the_o centre_n for_o that_o be_v impossible_a that_o all_o this_o massy_a sphere_n shall_v be_v contract_v to_o one_o point_n but_o that_o all_o the_o part_n have_v a_o mutual_a inclination_n to_o approach_v as_o near_o the_o centre_n as_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o concurrence_n of_o they_o among_o themselves_o will_v suffer_v by_o these_o terrestrial_a body_n which_o enjoy_v this_o motion_n and_o inclination_n we_o understand_v first_o the_o two_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n with_o all_o other_o body_n arise_v out_o of_o their_o mixture_n to_o these_o i_o may_v add_v the_o air_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o natural_a comformity_n to_o the_o same_o centre_n we_o may_v well_o term_v a_o earthly_a body_n it_o be_v common_o report_v that_o the_o air_n be_v lâ—ght_v and_o therefore_o carry_v upward_o not_o incline_v at_o all_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n as_o the_o part_n of_o these_o two_o element_n be_v but_o this_o assertion_n although_o bolster_v up_o both_o with_o antiquity_n and_o authority_n i_o take_v either_o to_o be_v false_a or_o misunderstand_v and_o that_o i_o speak_v no_o more_o herein_o than_o i_o can_v prove_v i_o will_v produce_v some_o reason_n strong_a enough_o as_o i_o think_v to_o persuade_v that_o the_o air_n be_v a_o heavy_a body_n have_v a_o due_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n first_o therefore_o will_v i_o produce_v this_o experiment_n when_o a_o well_o or_o deep_a trench_n be_v dig_v up_o in_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v willing_o demand_v whether_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o trench_n or_o concavity_n or_o else_o a_o void_a space_n be_v leave_v unfurnished_a of_o any_o natural_a body_n to_o fill_v it_o if_o they_o admit_v the_o latter_a they_o will_v consequent_o bring_v in_o again_o that_o vacuum_n or_o void_a space_n which_o arist._n and_o all_o sound_a philosopher_n have_v long_a since_o proscribe_v the_o confine_n of_o nature_n if_o they_o affirm_v the_o former_a that_o the_o air_n descend_v to_o fill_v up_o this_o empty_a space_n i_o will_v ask_v again_o whether_o this_o descent_n of_o the_o air_n be_v violent_a or_o natural_a if_o they_o say_v natural_a they_o admit_v our_o assertion_n that_o the_o air_n natural_o descend_v towards_o the_o centre_n and_o so_o by_o consequence_n that_o it_o be_v heavy_a and_o not_o light_a by_o nature_n neither_o according_a to_o our_o peripateticall-philosophy_n can_v we_o ascribe_v more_o than_o one_o motion_n to_o the_o air_n because_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n general_o receive_v among_o aristotelean_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n can_v claim_v but_o one_o simple_a motion_n much_o less_o one_o simple_a form_n as_o that_o of_o the_o air_n can_v produce_v two_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a motion_n such_o as_o be_v ascent_n and_o descent_n of_o the_o same_o body_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o light_v on_o the_o other_o member_n of_o our_o distinction_n and_o say_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n in_o this_o sort_n be_v violent_a it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v have_v some_o external_a cause_n or_o principle_n whence_o it_o shall_v proceed_v because_o all_o such_o motion_n proceed_v from_o external_a cause_n but_o here_o no_o such_o cause_n can_v be_v assign_v for_o the_o cause_n will_v be_v either_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v so_o make_v hollow_a or_o the_o emptiness_n or_o vacuum_n or_o at_o least_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o air_n that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v prove_v first_o because_o no_o philosopher_n have_v ever_o show_v any_o such_o attractive_a power_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o earth_n but_o rather_o the_o contrary_a because_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n by_o most_o have_v be_v think_v opposite_a in_o nature_n and_o repugnant_a one_o to_o the_o other_o second_o because_o philosophy_n teach_v that_o no_o agent_n can_v work_v upon_o a_o separate_a and_o distinct_a patient_n except_o there_o be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n in_o some_o means_n but_o hear_v in_o this_o supposition_n the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o air_n which_o as_o yet_o it_o touch_v not_o that_o this_o external_a cause_n be_v not_o the_o vacuum_n or_o emptiness_n be_v plain_a because_o it_o
be_v never_o grant_v to_o have_v any_o being_n or_o existence_n much_o less_o any_o causality_n in_o nature_n some_o perhaps_o will_v say_v that_o not_o the_o vacuum_n itself_o but_o the_o evitation_n and_o avoid_v it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v in_o some_o sort_n be_v interpret_v a_o cause_n but_o the_o doubt_n be_v not_o answer_v for_o we_o seek_v not_o a_o final_a but_o a_o efficient_a cause_n and_o a_o curious_a searcher_n into_o nature_n will_v hardly_o rest_v in_o a_o mere_a final_a cause_n for_o the_o final_a cause_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v a_o cause_n precede_v the_o effect_n can_v no_o otherwise_o be_v conceive_v than_o in_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o agent_n then_o must_v enquiry_n be_v make_v again_o what_o the_o agent_n shall_v be_v and_o so_o will_v the_o problem_n rest_v uncleer_v 1._o because_o one_o parcel_n of_o the_o air_n can_v not_o move_v another_o except_z the_o same_o be_v first_o move_v itself_o and_o so_o a_o new_a agent_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v find_v out_o 2_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o thing_n move_v or_o patient_a aught_o to_o be_v two_o separate_a and_o distinct_a body_n but_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n meet_v together_o become_v one_o continuate_a body_n no_o shift_n be_v there_o leave_v for_o these_o philosopher_n but_o one_o distinction_n wherein_o they_o distinguish_v betwixt_o the_o universal_a and_o special_a form_n the_o air_n as_o they_o affirm_v according_a to_o his_o special_a form_n ascend_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o by_o the_o universal_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n it_o may_v sometime_o suffer_v a_o contrary_a motion_n as_o to_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n in_o which_o distinction_n they_o suppose_v they_o have_v cut_v the_o throat_n of_o all_o contrary_a reason_n but_o who_o so_o understand_v himself_o shall_v find_v it_o but_o as_o a_o weak_a reed_n to_o hurt_v his_o hand_n which_o rest_v on_o it_o for_o a_o second_o enquiry_n will_v be_v make_v what_o this_o universal_a form_n shall_v be_v for_o by_o it_o they_o understand_v of_o necessity_n either_o a_o internal_a form_n or_o nature_n or_o a_o external_a resultancie_n and_o harmony_n of_o the_o part_n such_o as_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n if_o they_o understand_v this_o latter_a it_o can_v any_o way_n be_v a_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n because_o it_o follow_v and_o arise_v out_o of_o this_o motion_n concur_v with_o the_o rest_n and_o no_o way_n precede_v it_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a part_n every_o cause_n be_v to_o go_v before_o his_o effect_n second_o this_o universal_a form_n or_o nature_n compare_v with_o the_o special_a there_o will_v arise_v a_o subordination_n and_o not_o a_o coordination_n or_o opposition_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o special_a be_v subordinate_a to_o the_o general_a or_o universal_a but_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effâ—â—ts_n but_o here_o we_o see_v the_o effect_n or_o motion_n to_o be_v quite_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o in_o asmuch_o as_o the_o motion_n of_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o universal_a form_n be_v clean_o opposite_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n ascribe_v to_o the_o special_a nature_n three_o these_o philosopher_n urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o nature_n to_o preserve_v the_o universe_n be_v much_o deceive_v in_o the_o manner_n and_o mean_n thereof_o true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o earthly_a and_o heavy_a body_n be_v direct_v and_o dispose_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n but_o every_o such_o body_n as_o we_o have_v show_v before_o seek_v first_o the_o safeguard_n and_o preservation_n of_o itself_o and_o secondary_o by_o the_o safeguard_n of_o itself_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o how_o can_v any_o part_n when_o it_o neglect_v its_o own_o safety_n endeavour_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a since_o the_o whole_a be_v but_o one_o compound_v of_o many_o part_n and_o therefore_o can_v it_o not_o be_v avoid_v but_o that_o the_o disorder_n and_o disharmony_n of_o one_o part_n shall_v prejudice_n and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a frame_n if_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o other_o part_n and_o grant_v this_o universal_a form_n to_o be_v internal_a many_o reason_n stand_v opposite_a for_o first_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v simple_a or_o compound_v it_o can_v be_v simple_a because_o it_o will_v always_o produce_v one_o simple_a and_o uniform_a effect_n but_o experience_n have_v tâ—ught_v the_o contrary_a because_o we_o shall_v not_o always_o find_v the_o air_n to_o descend_v but_o sometime_o to_o move_v oblique_o to_o the_o left_a or_o right_a hand_n backward_o and_o forward_o as_o when_o it_o enter_v into_o the_o house_n by_o a_o door_n or_o window_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o can_v well_o be_v call_v a_o compound_n form_n because_o all_o form_n the_o more_o universal_a they_o be_v the_o more_o simple_a they_o be_v to_o be_v account_v because_o the_o special_a include_v more_o composition_n than_o the_o general_a moreover_o all_o compound_a substance_n arise_v out_o of_o simple_n which_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v first_o in_o nature_n second_o i_o will_v ask_v whether_o this_o universal_a form_n be_v una_fw-la numero_fw-la the_o self_n same_o individual_a in_o all_o the_o part_n and_o body_n or_o diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o say_a body_n it_o can_v be_v one_o and_o the_o self_n same_o in_o all_o body_n because_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n the_o whole_a universe_n be_v not_o one_o continuate_a body_n compose_v of_o essential_a part_n but_o rather_o a_o heap_n or_o mass_n collect_v and_o digest_v out_o of_o many_o body_n second_o the_o form_n be_v thus_o one_o individual_a will_v be_v singular_a or_o special_a not_o universal_a if_o they_o affirm_v that_o this_o form_n be_v diverse_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o body_n it_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n or_o descent_n in_o the_o air_n for_o this_o motion_n as_o they_o suppose_v be_v destine_v and_o appoint_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o comfort_v nature_n in_o her_o distress_n when_o she_o stand_v in_o fear_n of_o rupture_n or_o dissolution_n but_o how_o can_v this_o form_n be_v bound_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o aerial_a superficies_n perceive_v or_o feel_v this_o exigence_n of_o nature_n in_o other_o body_n whatsoever_o they_o can_v say_v in_o this_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a and_o not_o warrant_v by_o any_o sound_a demonstration_n a_o second_o reason_n for_o the_o natural_a descent_n of_o the_o air_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o a_o possible_a supposition_n from_o which_o we_o may_v enforce_v a_o true_a conclusion_n let_v we_o suppose_v a_o portion_n of_o air_n by_o some_o violence_n to_o be_v carry_v above_o his_o proper_a orb_n as_o for_o example_n to_o the_o space_n which_o by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o element_n of_o fire_n near_o the_o concave_a superficies_n of_o the_o moon_n i_o will_v here_o demand_v whether_o this_o portion_n of_o air_n thus_o transpose_v will_v ascend_v high_o or_o descend_v low_a or_o rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n it_o can_v not_o ascend_v high_o first_o because_o in_o this_o wise_a it_o shall_v be_v move_v far_o out_o of_o his_o own_o place_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n all_o body_n transpose_v from_o their_o proper_a place_n have_v a_o aptness_n or_o inclination_n to_o return_v again_o to_o their_o proper_a seat_n and_o not_o to_o rove_v far_o off_o second_o this_o grant_v the_o air_n shall_v invade_v the_o place_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o so_o the_o element_n shall_v suffer_v a_o confusion_n which_o aristotle_n hold_v absurd_a three_o there_o can_v be_v imagine_v in_o that_o high_a orb_n any_o point_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o it_o shall_v direct_v his_o motion_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o such_o motion_n find_v or_o it_o must_v be_v very_o irregular_a if_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o such_o a_o portion_n of_o air_n so_o separate_v shall_v descend_v i_o ask_v again_o whether_o they_o hold_v this_o motion_n natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v a_o violent_a motion_n because_o it_o be_v direct_v to_o his_o own_o natural_a and_o proper_a place_n and_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o element_n be_v always_o account_v natural_a last_o of_o all_o it_o can_v rest_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n because_o all_o body_n force_v out_o of_o their_o place_n all_o obstacle_n be_v remove_v must_v needs_o return_v unto_o their_o proper_a place_n wherefore_o no_o other_o start_a hole_n be_v here_o leave_v to_o our_o opposite_n but_o that_o they_o
have_v teach_v the_o heaven_n be_v move_v or_o turn_v round_o by_o a_o angel_n or_o intelligence_n fix_v to_o his_o orb_n of_o a_o spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a substance_n which_o in_o a_o body_n meet_v no_o opposition_n not_o in_o the_o body_n move_v because_o of_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o be_v prone_a and_o inclinable_a to_o this_o motion_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v like_o a_o reed_n that_o hurt_v his_o hand_n that_o lean_v on_o it_o for_o first_o what_o indigence_n or_o necessity_n in_o nature_n be_v observe_v so_o great_a to_o be_v the_o father_n of_o such_o intelligence_n what_o serious_a judgement_n can_v ever_o imagine_v the_o angel_n to_o be_v like_o galleyslave_n chain_v fast_o to_o their_o galley_n or_o turne-spit-dog_n labour_v in_o their_o wheel_n to_o what_o use_n shall_v they_o serve_v not_o to_o stir_v up_o and_o begin_v the_o motion_n for_o why_o shall_v we_o debar_v the_o heaven_n from_o the_o privilege_n ofall_v other_o body_n far_o less_o excellent_a who_o motion_n challenge_v no_o other_o cause_n or_o beginning_n then_o their_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o to_o regulate_v and_o confine_v this_o motion_n for_o nature_n which_o begin_v any_o action_n or_o motion_n be_v able_a of_o herself_o to_o set_v limit_n and_o bound_n unto_o it_o without_o the_o help_n of_o any_o external_a agent_n final_o not_o to_o continue_v this_o motion_n for_o as_o we_o be_v teach_v in_o our_o philosophy_n every_o natural_a agent_n if_o it_o be_v not_o hinder_v still_o act_n to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o his_o power_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o external_a coadiutor_n to_o continue_v his_o action_n for_o otherwise_o we_o may_v suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o grow_v weary_a and_o faint_a in_o their_o intend_a course_n second_o whereas_o they_o say_v there_o can_v be_v no_o resistance_n in_o the_o body_n move_v they_o contradict_v their_o own_o ground_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o all_o that_o the_o high_a orb_n do_v turn_v and_o wrest_v about_o the_o low_a i_o will_v willing_o ask_v by_o what_o kind_n of_o action_n either_o by_o a_o virtual_a influence_n or_o emanation_n or_o else_o by_o a_o corporal_a touch_n and_o application_n the_o former_a be_v improbable_a and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v gather_v not_o awouch_v by_o any_o and_o be_v it_o so_o it_o will_v seem_v ridiculous_a for_o why_o shall_v we_o rather_o ascribe_v this_o effect_n to_o a_o unknown_a influence_n of_o a_o external_a body_n then_o to_o the_o vigour_n of_o his_o own_o form_n and_o nature_n for_o if_o one_o orb_n in_o this_o sort_n can_v move_v another_o why_o can_v it_o not_o move_v itself_o be_v more_o present_a to_o itself_o then_o any_o other_o if_o they_o say_v by_o a_o corporal_a application_n of_o body_n and_o their_o part_n i_o see_v not_o how_o they_o can_v avoid_v this_o renitencie_n and_o reaction_n which_o always_o do_v suppose_v some_o resistance_n for_o how_o can_v one_o solid_a and_o hard_a body_n be_v imagine_v to_o heave_v and_o push_v another_o forward_a without_o some_o reluctancy_n in_o the_o patient_a because_o the_o inferior_a orb_n have_v of_o itself_o a_o proper_a motion_n this_o must_v needs_o be_v violent_a as_o suppose_v a_o force_n &_o wrest_v of_o nature_n from_o her_o proper_a course_n whereof_o it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o show_v a_o sensible_a demonstration_n because_o the_o orb_n natural_o direct_v one_o way_n be_v turn_v and_o direct_v another_o way_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o both_o motion_n concur_v in_o the_o same_o body_n must_v needs_o offer_v violence_n one_o to_o the_o other_o moreover_o the_o immunity_n from_o corruptible_a quality_n grant_v to_o the_o heaven_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n have_v be_v must_v talk_v of_o among_o the_o aristotelean_n but_o never_o warrant_v by_o any_o certain_a demonstration_n we_o see_v say_v these_o philosopher_n the_o heaven_n to_o have_v remain_v since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n without_o any_o sensible_a alteration_n and_o change_n and_o therefore_o must_v all_o the_o elementary_a and_o corruptible_a quality_n be_v exclude_v to_o disprove_v this_o i_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o last_o comet_n which_o mathematician_n by_o the_o parallax_n find_v to_o be_v in_o the_o heaven_n and_o whereas_o otherwise_o they_o seek_v a_o sensible_a alteration_n in_o other_o part_n they_o deceive_v themselves_o for_o as_o in_o the_o earth_n whereon_o we_o dwell_v however_o the_o part_n interchangeable_o corrupt_a and_o engender_v daily_o yet_o the_o whole_a globe_n will_v apparent_o remain_v the_o same_o keep_v its_o integrity_n so_o may_v it_o happen_v to_o many_o of_o the_o superior_a globe_n who_o part_n daily_o corrupt_v and_o renew_v again_o although_o for_o the_o great_a distance_n to_o we_o insensible_a the_o whole_a globe_n remain_v still_o perfect_a in_o his_o perfect_a sphericity_n i_o cease_v any_o further_a to_o invade_v another_o province_n and_o therefore_o descend_v to_o a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v this_o extraordinary_a violent_a and_o swift_a motion_n in_o the_o heaven_n to_o be_v improbable_a it_o be_v ordinary_o observe_v in_o other_o orb_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o the_o high_a the_o orb_n be_v place_v the_o motion_n be_v slow_a as_o for_o example_n the_o sphere_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v next_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v about_o in_o 27_o day_n mercury_n and_o venus_n be_v slow_a enough_o in_o their_o course_n as_o the_o former_a in_o 80_o day_n the_o latter_a in_o 9_o month_n the_o sun_n in_o a_o year_n mars_n in_o 2_o year_n jupiter_n in_o 12_o saturn_n in_o 30._o also_o those_o astronomer_n which_o give_v the_o fix_a star_n a_o motion_n will_v have_v they_o to_o finish_v their_o course_n according_a to_o ptolemy_n in_o 36000_o but_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v copernicus_n in_o 25816_o year_n so_o that_o the_o high_a and_o great_a the_o circle_n be_v so_o much_o slow_a will_v be_v the_o motion_n what_o injury_n be_v it_o then_o to_o the_o concord_n and_o harmony_n of_o nature_n to_o impose_v upon_o the_o high_a orb_n of_o all_o such_o a_o unmeasurable_a strange_a motion_n which_o may_v strike_v the_o most_o seraphic_a angel_n into_o admiration_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v other_o argument_n in_o copernicus_n which_o albeit_o they_o be_v not_o demonstrative_a will_v make_v the_o matter_n more_o probable_a first_o that_o nature_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v a_o compendious_a and_o short_a worker_n and_o use_v not_o many_o help_n for_o such_o thing_n as_o may_v be_v perform_v by_o few_o and_o therefore_o need_v we_o not_o to_o use_v the_o help_n of_o so_o many_o orb_n and_o concameration_n to_o square_v our_o observation_n which_o will_v find_v more_o steady_a foot_n in_o this_o one_o ground_n once_o grant_v of_o the_o earth_n circular_a motion_n second_o it_o will_v seem_v more_o consonant_a and_o agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o the_o high_a and_o uttermost_a sphere_n of_o all_o which_o bound_n and_o engirt_v in_o all_o the_o world_n beside_o shall_v rest_v quiet_a and_o unmoveable_a then_o to_o suffer_v such_o a_o intolerable_a motion_n as_o may_v endanger_v the_o whole_a fabric_n last_o i_o may_v add_v this_o one_o that_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n grant_v to_o the_o first_o movable_a can_v in_o my_o judgement_n hardly_o stand_v with_o the_o regularity_n of_o heavenly_a body_n if_o we_o express_v it_o no_o otherwise_o then_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o astronomer_n for_o a_o regular_a motion_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o whereby_o in_o equal_a time_n a_o body_n be_v move_v through_o equal_a place_n but_o this_o diurnal_a motion_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o movable_a concur_v with_o the_o sun_n annual_a motion_n will_v exclude_v this_o equality_n for_o first_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o motion_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o tropic_n according_a to_o sense_n run_v â—uery_n day_n in_o a_o distinct_a parallel_n for_o although_o every_o minute_n he_o decline_v somewhat_o from_o the_o aequator_fw-la towards_o the_o tropic_n yet_o the_o difference_n be_v not_o sensible_a so_o that_o we_o may_v well_o every_o day_n assign_v a_o parallelll-inâ—_n to_o the_o sun_n motion_n second_o they_o must_v grant_v that_o these_o parallel_n be_v diminish_v and_o grow_v less_o and_o less_o towards_o the_o tropic_n from_o the_o aequator_fw-la three_o that_o as_o we_o have_v foreshow_v of_o two_o body_n move_v in_o the_o same_o time_n on_o the_o same_o centre_n that_o shall_v move_v fast_o which_o be_v great_a so_o one_o body_n move_v in_o diverse_a unequal_a circle_n in_o equal_a time_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o move_v fast_o in_o that_o which_o be_v great_a here_o we_o may_v conclude_v he_o move_v fast_a in_o the_o aequator_fw-la then_o in_o the_o tropic_n because_o in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v carry_v in_o a_o great_a parallel_n in_o the_o
of_o madera_n the_o canary_n and_o s._n thomas_n it_o surpass_v not_o the_o height_n of_o venice_n but_o in_o america_n on_o the_o hithermost_a coast_n from_o florida_n sinus_n mexicanus_n the_o coast_n of_o brasile_n and_o pariâ—_n more_o than_o three_o thousand_o league_n even_o to_o the_o magellane_n straits_n it_o increase_v almost_o to_o two_o palm_n breadth_n but_o far_a south_n to_o panama_n and_o all_o those_o southern_a shore_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v of_o a_o excessive_a height_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n india_n and_o taprobana_n three_o if_o the_o moon_n by_o a_o natural_a virtue_n shall_v move_v the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n then_o will_v it_o move_v the_o ocean_n and_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o the_o course_n of_o wind_n with_o the_o same_o flux_n and_o reflux_n in_o the_o same_o wind_n but_o this_o thwart_v experience_n which_o be_v thus_o prove_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n when_o as_o it_o flow_v in_o the_o adriaticke_n ionian_a and_o sicilian_a sea_n the_o water_n flow_v towards_o the_o land_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v as_o the_o mariner_n speak_v in_o sirocco_n and_o in_o maestro_n but_o ebb_v or_o flow_v back_o from_o the_o land_n when_o it_o be_v in_o graeco_fw-la atque_fw-la garbinio_fw-la and_o contrariwise_o the_o ocean_n swell_v when_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o graece_fw-la and_o garbinio_fw-la but_o assuage_v itself_o again_o when_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o sirocco_n and_o maestro_n four_o if_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n shall_v follow_v the_o moon_n than_o all_o place_n in_o the_o same_o distance_n shall_v ebb_v &_o flow_v alike_o at_o like_a hour_n but_o the_o contrary_n be_v prove_v by_o a_o experiment_n of_o patricius_n who_o report_v that_o at_o the_o same_o hour_n place_n distant_a 20_o degree_n have_v be_v see_v to_o ebb_v or_o flow_v alike_o and_o the_o place_n betwixt_o also_o to_o vary_v and_o observe_v no_o just_a proportion_n four_o if_o these_o surge_n shall_v be_v stir_v up_o by_o the_o moon_n than_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n the_o same_o hour_n shall_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o moon_n but_o this_o iâ—_n contrary_a to_o the_o observation_n of_o mariner_n who_o have_v observe_v that_o on_o the_o norman_a coast_n and_o that_o of_o picardy_n to_o calais_n the_o tide_n happen_v the_o nine_o hour_n from_o midnight_n but_o ten_o mile_n from_o the_o shore_n not_o a_o full_a hour_n but_o at_o the_o twenty_o and_o six_o mile_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o under_o the_o same_o meridian_n at_o 22_o hour_n five_o if_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o moon_n then_o shall_v the_o water_n at_o the_o same_o hour_n increase_v and_o decrease_v but_o this_o be_v opposite_a to_o observation_n for_o at_o venice_n the_o sea_n be_v know_v to_o flow_v sometime_o for_o seven_o sometime_o for_o eight_o but_o ebb_v in_o few_o hour_n but_o about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n senega_n in_o the_o atlantic_a it_o be_v come_v in_o foore_a hour_n but_o go_v not_o back_o under_o eight_o so_o about_o goâ—umniae_n ostia_n the_o tide_n be_v come_v in_o seven_o hour_n but_o go_v back_o in_o five_o six_o if_o the_o water_n flow_v by_o the_o moon_n then_o shall_v they_o be_v draw_v and_o carry_v by_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n because_o all_o action_n be_v by_o a_o touch_v and_o the_o moon_n touch_v the_o water_n by_o her_o light_n but_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o at_o midnight_n when_o the_o moon_n be_v most_o distant_a in_o her_o light_n our_o sea_n do_v no_o less_o ebb_n and_o flow_v then_o when_o it_o be_v present_a &_o so_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o antipode_n do_v ebb_n &_o flow_v when_o the_o moon_n be_v present_a with_o us._n 7_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a ancient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n than_o the_o same_o light_n be_v present_a the_o same_o agenâ—_n move_v the_o same_o effect_n shall_v necessary_o follow_v but_o we_o find_v that_o it_o produce_v two_o contrary_a one_o to_o the_o other_o because_o in_o her_o ascent_n to_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o lift_v up_o the_o water_n but_o a_o little_a decline_a from_o the_o meridian_n it_o be_v think_v to_o depress_v &_o assuage_v the_o water_n 8_o if_o this_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n then_o when_o the_o moon_n shine_v not_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o such_o motion_n because_o contrary_a cause_n produce_v contrary_a effect_n but_o we_o observe_v the_o same_o ebb_a &_o flow_v in_o the_o conjunction_n or_o new_a moon_n when_o she_o have_v no_o light_n as_o in_o the_o full_a moon_n when_o with_o full_a face_n she_o behold_v the_o sea_n for_o in_o both_o these_o time_n we_o have_v high_a â—ides_n these_o &_o many_o more_o argument_n be_v urge_v by_o patricius_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o other_o opinion_n that_o this_o effect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o sun_n among_o other_o i_o find_v the_o chief_a patron_n to_o be_v tâ—â—esius_n who_o teach_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v move_v in_o this_o wise_a because_o it_o will_v avoid_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n fear_v lest_o it_o shall_v be_v too_o much_o dissolve_v into_o vapour_n and_o so_o perish_v but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v far_o more_o weak_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o i_o will_v ask_v concern_v this_o motion_n wherein_o it_o be_v think_v to_o avoid_v the_o sun_n heat_n whether_o it_o be_v voluntary_a or_o necessary_a it_o can_v be_v voluntary_a oâ—_n a_o free_a action_n because_o the_o sea_n be_v no_o live_a creature_n to_o which_o only_o such_o a_o motion_n be_v incident_a if_o it_o be_v necessary_a than_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o violent_a it_o can_v be_v natural_a because_o according_a to_o aristotle_n one_o body_n can_v have_v but_o one_o natural_a motion_n but_o the_o water_n be_v a_o simple_a body_n have_v another_o motion_n to_o fall_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n wherefore_o it_o can_v also_o admit_v of_o this_o it_o can_v be_v violent_a first_o because_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a second_o no_o cause_n can_v be_v think_v upon_o external_a which_o shall_v cause_v this_o violent_a motion_n and_o if_o any_o such_o cause_n there_o be_v find_v then_o be_v not_o this_o of_o telesius_n the_o first_o and_o principal_a cause_n since_o it_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o far_a cause_n three_o no_o cause_n can_v here_o be_v show_v according_a to_o this_o opininion_n why_o all_o other_o water_n as_o fresh_a river_n shall_v not_o likewise_o strive_v to_o â—ide_v themselves_o from_o the_o face_n of_o the_o sun_n four_o he_o shall_v give_v a_o reason_n why_o in_o the_o belgic_a and_o armoricke_a shore_n which_o be_v far_o more_o distant_a from_o the_o sun_n the_o same_o motion_n be_v no_o less_o eminent_a than_o in_o taprobana_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o torride_a zone_n and_o why_o in_o the_o island_n of_o s._n thomas_n which_o be_v immediate_o under_o the_o equatour_n there_o be_v not_o a_o great_a work_n of_o the_o water_n then_o at_o venice_n five_o that_o which_o telesius_n bring_v to_o confirm_v his_o opinion_n be_v no_o less_o warrantable_a than_o the_o main_a point_n in_o controversy_n in_o the_o summer_n say_v he_o the_o flood_n be_v lesser_o because_o the_o sun_n raise_v up_o thin_a vapourâ—_n which_o be_v easy_o dissolve_v but_o in_o the_o winter_n they_o be_v less_o because_o the_o sun_n be_v of_o least_o force_n and_o so_o raise_v up_o few_o vapour_n to_o work_v upon_o the_o sea_n but_o both_o these_o matter_n be_v prove_v â—alse_a by_o experience_n first_o because_o in_o the_o summer_n we_o have_v as_o great_a a_o work_n of_o the_o water_n as_o at_o other_o time_n in_o the_o winter_n also_o as_o great_a or_o great_a second_o say_v the_o say_a author_n in_o the_o full_a moon_n the_o motion_n be_v great_a because_o the_o much_o light_n arise_v from_o the_o moon_n draw_v up_o many_o vapour_n 〈◊〉_d the_o new_a moon_n because_o the_o air_n be_v refrigerated_a the_o internal_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n collect_v itself_o be_v make_v strong_a with_o more_o vapour_n in_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o moon_n because_o there_o be_v not_o much_o light_a caâ—t_n from_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o much_o collect_v by_o the_o external_a cold_a of_o the_o air_n to_o all_o these_o matter_n we_o may_v easy_o answer_v first_o how_o can_v the_o moon_n bestow_v any_o light_n on_o our_o sea_n when_o she_o be_v with_o the_o antipode_n second_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o internal_a heat_n be_v gather_v together_o and_o make_v strong_a by_o external_a cold_n 1_o first_o i_o ask_v how_o the_o sea_n can_v send_v
but_o also_o themselves_o practise_v such_o commerce_n as_o well_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o particular_a estate_n two_o memorable_a example_n we_o have_v in_o henry_n the_o three_o king_n of_o england_n and_o laurence_n de_fw-fr medici_n duke_n of_o florence_n whereof_o the_o former_a give_v many_o and_o large_a privilege_n to_o all_o the_o hance_n town_n in_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v in_o number_n about_o 27_o the_o other_o himself_o for_o his_o own_o private_a commodity_n exercise_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n yet_o be_v this_o man_n most_o ingenious_a and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o learned_a men._n chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o we_o have_v former_o treat_v of_o hydrographie_n or_o the_o description_n of_o the_o water_n now_o be_v we_o by_o god_n assistance_n to_o proceed_v on_o to_o pedographie_n which_o be_v a_o description_n of_o the_o firm_a earth_n or_o dry-land_n 2_o the_o land_n be_v a_o space_n contain_v in_o the_o superficies_n of_o earth_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n the_o earth_n in_o this_o place_n be_v not_o take_v as_o in_o the_o former_a part_n of_o geography_n for_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n compose_v of_o earth_n and_o water_n neither_o yet_o as_o it_o be_v usual_o take_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n for_o a_o absolute_a elementary_a body_n who_o cause_n and_o affection_n be_v to_o be_v search_v out_o but_o topographical_o for_o a_o place_n or_o habitable_a space_n on_o the_o dry-land_n this_o dry-land_n distinguish_v from_o the_o water_n by_o its_o firmness_n and_o constancy_n be_v noâ—_n subject_a as_o the_o water_n to_o motion_n and_o inconstancy_n be_v therefore_o if_o we_o believe_v the_o poet_n call_v vestâ—_n according_a to_o that_o verse_n stat_n viterra_fw-la suâ_fw-la vi_fw-la stando_fw-la vesta_n voco_fw-la neither_o want_v this_o fable_n of_o vesta_n a_o sufficient_a moral_n first_o because_o vesta_n be_v feign_a to_o be_v a_o keeper_n and_o protector_n of_o their_o house_n which_o may_v very_o well_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n which_o not_o only_o sustain_v and_o bear_v up_o all_o building_n and_o house_n but_o also_o afford_v all_o commodity_n and_o fruit_n wherewith_o household_n be_v maintain_v second_o vesta_n be_v feign_v to_o be_v the_o goddess_n to_o who_o the_o first_o fruit_n be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n which_o may_v well_o square_a with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o which_o all_o fruit_n be_v original_o derive_v and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v of_o due_a ought_v all_o first_o fruit_n to_o be_v consecrate_v to_o her_o altar_n two_o other_o parallel_n betwixt_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n be_v add_v by_o natalis_n come_v first_o because_o plutarch_n show_v in_o his_o symposiack_n that_o the_o table_n of_o the_o ancient_n dedicate_v to_o vesta_n be_v make_v round_o in_o form_n and_o fashion_n of_o the_o earth_n second_o because_o the_o seat_n of_o vesta_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v in_o the_o liquid_a air_n immovable_a and_o not_o subject_a to_o motion_n which_o well_o agree_v with_o the_o common_a conceive_a opinion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o these_o two_o rather_o express_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a sphere_n then_o of_o the_o land_n divide_v from_o the_o water_n this_o description_n of_o the_o dry-land_n separate_v from_o the_o water_n we_o have_v term_v pedographieâ—_n because_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o foot_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o firm_a place_n whereon_o man_n may_v have_v sure_a foot_n to_o which_o be_v consonant_a the_o hebrew_n word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o seem_v most_o probable_o derive_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o terere_fw-la to_o wear_v out_o or_o waste_v because_o the_o earth_n be_v daily_o tread_v and_o wear_v with_o our_o foot_n the_o propriety_n of_o the_o earth_n appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n be_v many_o and_o various_a wherefore_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n we_o have_v divide_v they_o into_o these_o head_n 3_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o the_o land_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o civil_a the_o natural_a be_v such_o as_o be_v in_o breed_v in_o the_o earth_n 4_o the_o natural_a may_v be_v again_o divide_v into_o perpetual_a or_o casual_a perpetual_a be_v such_o as_o always_o or_o most_o ordinary_o continue_v the_o same_o 5_o the_o perpetual_a propriety_n be_v again_o twofold_a either_o absolute_a or_o comparative_a the_o absolute_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o land_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o sea_n 6_o of_o the_o former_a sort_n be_v such_o as_o belong_v to_o the_o figurature_n of_o the_o soil_n wherein_o three_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a 1_o river_n fountain_n and_o lake_n 2_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n 3_o wood_n and_o champion_n country_n 7_o a_o river_n be_v a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n from_o a_o certain_a head_n or_o fountain_n run_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n river_n be_v by_o some_o geographer_n more_o curious_o distinguish_v into_o 2_o sort_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v settle_v or_o stay_v river_n which_o slide_v away_o with_o a_o more_o equal_a and_o uniform_a course_n the_o late_a be_v call_v torrent_n or_o stickle_a water_n which_o be_v carry_v with_o a_o far_o great_a violence_n in_o a_o river_n three_o thing_n be_v chief_o remarkable_a first_o the_o fountain_n or_o spring_n second_o whirlpool_n three_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o place_n where_o at_o first_o the_o water_n sensible_o break_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n as_o nilus_n in_o africa_n be_v think_v to_o have_v his_o first_o head_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n a_o whirlpool_n be_v a_o place_n in_o a_o river_n where_o the_o water_n fall_v into_o a_o deep_a trench_n be_v whirl_v &_o teurn_v round_a the_o mouth_n be_v the_o place_n where_o any_o river_n find_v a_o passage_n our_o either_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o into_o another_o great_a river_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v term_v ostium_fw-la or_o a_o gate_n whence_o they_o call_v septem_fw-la ostia_fw-la nili_n which_o be_v seven_o mouth_n by_o which_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o mediterranean_a this_o give_v the_o name_n to_o many_o city_n and_o town_n in_o england_n as_o plymouth_n darâ—mouth_n portsmouth_n axmouth_n with_o many_o other_o now_o for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o water_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o covet_v the_o low_a place_n the_o course_n of_o all_o river_n must_v needs_o be_v from_o a_o high_a to_o a_o low_a place_n whence_o we_o may_v guess_v the_o height_n of_o land_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o for_o every_o mile_n wherein_o the_o water_n glide_v forward_o on_o the_o earth_n there_o be_v make_v a_o allowance_n of_o 2_o foot_n at_o least_o in_o the_o declivity_n of_o the_o ground_n for_o although_o water_n will_v slide_v away_o at_o any_o inequality_n yet_o can_v not_o the_o water_n be_v wholesome_a and_o retain_v any_o reasonable_a swiftness_n of_o motion_n without_o this_o allowance_n hence_o we_o may_v probable_o find_v out_o the_o huge_a height_n of_o the_o alps_n about_o all_o the_o place_n in_o europe_n because_o out_o of_o they_o spring_v four_o great_a river_n which_o run_v four_o way_n whereof_o the_o two_o great_a be_v the_o danow_n which_o receive_v into_o it_o 60_o navigable_a river_n and_o so_o disburthen_n itself_o into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n far_o remote_a and_o the_o rhine_n of_o lake_n and_o river_n many_o memorable_a matter_n may_v be_v speak_v all_o which_o we_o will_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n 1_o their_o generation_n and_o first_o original_a 2_o their_o appearance_n 3_o their_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n 4_o their_o virtue_n and_o effect_n all_o which_o we_o will_v comprehend_v in_o these_o theorem_n follow_v 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o rivers_n the_o original_n of_o fountain_n and_o river_n on_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a difficulty_n and_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v not_o yet_o find_v out_o of_o our_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o be_v willing_a to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v glance_v at_o probability_n and_o first_o set_v down_o other_o man_n opinion_n some_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v hide_v certain_a vast_a concavity_n and_o cavern_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o rainwater_n have_v give_v original_a to_o lake_n and_o fountain_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o these_o fountain_n be_v perpetual_a because_o the_o rainwater_n receive_v into_o these_o cavern_n be_v extraordinary_a great_a be_v sufficient_a to_o nourish_v such_o spring_n of_o water_n until_o the_o
the_o concavity_n and_o hollowgaping_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v everywhere_a choke_v and_o fill_v up_o with_o water_n who_o superficies_n be_v spherical_a and_o therefore_o help_v together_o with_o the_o earth_n to_o accomplish_v &_o perfect_v this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n to_o confirm_v which_o opinion_n these_o reason_n out_o of_o common_a experience_n may_v be_v allege_v the_o first_o be_v drawn-from_a the_o part_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n for_o we_o may_v everywhere_a observe_v that_o a_o portion_n of_o earth_n and_o another_o of_o water_n be_v let_v fall_v will_v descend_v in_o the_o same_o right_a line_n towards_o the_o same_o centre_n whence_o we_o may_v evident_o conclude_v that_o the_o earth_n &_o water_n have_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o centre_n of_o their_o motion_n and_o by_o a_o consequence_n conspire_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n second_o to_o a_o like_a arch_n or_o space_n in_o the_o heaven_n be_v find_v answerable_a alike_o arch_a in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n whether_o it_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o earth_n or_o water_n which_o can_v not_o happen_v be_v they_o not_o account_v part_n of_o the_o same_o sphere_n the_o three_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o the_o part_n of_o the_o moon_n shadow_v &_o obscure_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v one_o spherical_a or_o round-figure_n this_o shadow_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o astronomer_n be_v cause_v by_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n interpose_v betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n intercept_n the_o sunbeam_n which_o shall_v illuminate_v the_o moon_n and_o the_o shadow_n imitate_v the_o opacous_a body_n whence_o they_o arise_v but_o in_o the_o eclipse_n we_o find_v only_o the_o shadow_n of_o one_o body_n or_o sphere_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o optic_n we_o may_v conclude_v the_o body_n whereof_o such_o a_o shadow_n proceed_v to_o be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o sphere_n 8_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v the_o natural_a harmony_n or_o order_n arise_v from_o the_o part_n work_v together_o we_o ought_v here_o to_o remember_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o water_n concur_v together_o to_o make_v one_o terrestrial_a sphere_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a be_v account_v one_o coacernate_v and_o collect_v body_n make_v of_o two_o other_o we_o be_v not_o to_o expect_v a_o internal_a essential_a and_o specifical_a form_n such_o as_o aristotle_n recount_v among_o the_o principle_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n but_o only_o such_o a_o one_o as_o in_o itself_o be_v external_a and_o accidental_a yet_o concur_v as_o it_o be_v essential_o to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n who_o fabric_n and_o first_o composition_n can_v well_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o some_o have_v imagine_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v inform_v with_o one_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n which_o opinion_n seem_v to_o have_v much_o affinity_n with_o that_o of_o plato_n concern_v the_o soul_n of_o the_o world_n not_o that_o plato_n and_o his_o follower_n be_v so_o absurd_a to_o defend_v that_o the_o world_n with_o all_o his_o part_n be_v animate_v with_o a_o true_a vital_a soul_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n but_o that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o it_o be_v unite_v together_o quicken_v and_o dispose_v by_o a_o certain_a energeticall_a power_n or_o virtue_n which_o have_v great_a resemblance_n and_o representation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o assertion_n seem_v to_o be_v restore_v and_o embrace_v by_o our_o late_a magnetical_a philosopher_n who_o opinion_n we_o shall_v discuss_v and_o examine_v hereafter_o in_o place_n convenient_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n ground_v our_o discourse_n on_o know_v principle_n we_o can_v admit_v no_o other_o form_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o the_o mutual_a harmony_n order_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o part_n concur_v together_o and_o work_v the_o perfection_n &_o perpetuation_n of_o the_o whole_a a_o fit_a resemblance_n whereof_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o a_o artificial_a clock_n mill_n or_o such_o like_a great_a engine_n wherein_o every_o part_n due_o perform_v its_o own_o office_n there_o will_v arise_v and_o result_v a_o natural_a harmony_n which_o not_o unapt_o may_v be_v term_v the_o form_n of_o the_o whole_a engine_n why_o the_o world_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o a_o internal_a and_o essential_a form_n sundry_a reason_n have_v be_v allege_v by_o our_o common_a philosopher_n first_o because_o nature_n never_o attempt_v any_o thing_n in_o vain_a or_o without_o a_o determinate_a end_n but_o the_o particular_a form_n of_o special_a body_n say_v these_o philosopher_n be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o unity_n and_o conformation_n of_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n so_o that_o to_o grant_v a_o universal_a form_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v to_o multiply_v cause_n without_o any_o necessity_n &_o make_v nature_n the_o mother_n of_o superfluity_n which_o to_o all_o philosopher_n seem_v most_o absurd_a second_o if_o this_o be_v admit_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v as_o one_o continuate_a body_n who_o part_n shall_v as_o it_o be_v suffer_v a_o fellow-feeling_n one_o of_o the_o other_o three_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a matter_n to_o assign_v to_o what_o kind_n such_o a_o form_n may_v be_v reduce_v whether_o animate_v or_o inanimate_a if_o inanimate_a whether_o it_o be_v simple_a or_o compound_v if_o animate_v whether_o vegetative_a sensitive_a or_o rational_a under_o the_o which_o be_v couch_v many_o great_a difficulty_n as_o yet_o undisclose_v whether_o these_o reason_n be_v of_o any_o great_a force_n to_o overthrow_v the_o adverse_a opinion_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o further_a inquiry_n intend_v here_o a_o geographical_a not_o a_o physical_a discourse_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o conformity_n of_o part_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o in_o the_o former_a we_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n aswell_o in_o matter_n as_o form_n it_o be_v needful_a in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o such_o affection_n and_o propriety_n as_o necessary_o arise_v out_o of_o such_o a_o constitution_n 2._o those_o affection_n or_o propriety_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n real_a or_o imaginary_a real_a i_o call_v such_o as_o agree_v to_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n by_o nature_n imaginary_a such_o as_o agree_v to_o it_o by_o virtue_n of_o our_o understanding_n 3_o again_o the_o affection_n real_o or_o natural_o agree_v to_o the_o terrene_a sphere_n be_v assign_v either_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o or_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 4_o these_o affection_n be_v say_v to_o agree_v to_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o which_o may_v be_v express_v and_o understand_v without_o any_o compare_v of_o it_o with_o the_o celestial_a body_n 5_o these_o again_o be_v twofold_a either_o elementary_a or_o magnetical_a elementary_a i_o term_v such_o as_o have_v common_o be_v know_v or_o observe_v by_o ordinary_a philosopher_n here_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n in_o the_o make_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n in_o the_o former_a chapter_n we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o concinnity_n and_o apt_a conspiration_n of_o the_o part_n whereof_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v this_o conformity_n be_v diverse_a and_o manifold_a as_o well_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o part_n conform_v themselves_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o conformity_n we_o shall_v particular_o and_o distinct_o treat_v of_o so_o far_o as_o appertain_v to_o a_o cosmographer_n here_o by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o tax_v some_o defect_n in_o most_o of_o our_o common_a cosmographer_n who_o take_v the_o spherical_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o grant_v supposition_n be_v nothing_o curious_a to_o search_v into_o the_o first_o ground_n and_o cause_n of_o this_o rotundity_n whereby_o it_o first_o become_v a_o globous_a body_n and_o afterward_o retain_v in_o itself_o a_o natural_a vigour_n or_o power_n if_o any_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o restore_v herself_o to_o her_o former_a right_n and_o perfection_n all_o which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a &_o profitable_a to_o give_v a_o industrious_a learner_n some_o satisfaction_n to_o explain_v this_o before_o we_o descend_v to_o particular_n we_o will_v lay_v this_o ground_n and_o theorem_a 1_o the_o part_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n do_v natural_o conform_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o aswell_o to_o the_o production_n and_o generation_n as_o to_o the_o continuance_n and_o preservation_n of_o it_o the_o form_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n albeit_o as_o we_o have_v show_v it_o be_v external_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n yet_o may_v
grant_v a_o natural_a motion_n and_o so_o consequent_o yield_v to_o our_o assertion_n a_o three_o reason_n may_v here_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o condensation_n of_o the_o air_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o most_o philosopher_n that_o the_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v natural_o mount_v upward_o but_o the_o thick_a and_o condensated_a part_n pitch_n and_o settle_v themselves_o downward_o which_o observation_n if_o it_o be_v true_a will_v yield_v we_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o air_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a and_o therefore_o move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o spherical_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o i_o will_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o these_o principle_n 1_o that_o that_o body_n which_o by_o addition_n of_o part_n or_o condensation_n be_v make_v more_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o itself_o this_o may_v easy_o appear_v because_o the_o mixture_n of_o lightness_n with_o heaviness_n will_v not_o intend_v and_o increase_v the_o ponderosity_n but_o slack_a and_o diminish_v it_o for_o the_o chief_a thing_n which_o remit_v or_o diminish_v any_o quality_n be_v the_o mixture_n of_o his_o contrary_n as_o we_o see_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a to_o be_v abate_v and_o weaken_v if_o it_o entertain_v any_o mixture_n of_o heat_n 2_o the_o thicken_a or_o condensation_n of_o any_o body_n be_v make_v by_o addition_n and_o coaction_n of_o more_o part_n into_o the_o same_o space_n or_o compass_v as_o if_o the_o air_n or_o any_o such_o like_a body_n be_v thicken_v it_o will_v confine_v itself_o to_o a_o more_o narrow_a room_n then_o before_o and_o so_o consequen_o the_o narrow_a room_n will_v contain_v more_o part_n than_o before_o out_o of_o which_o we_o conclude_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o many_o part_n press_v together_o in_o the_o same_o space_n make_v the_o whole_a mass_n more_o ponderous_a these_o part_n so_o press_v together_o must_v needs_o have_v some_o weight_n in_o themselves_o which_o may_v further_o be_v illustrate_v because_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o quality_n common_o follow_v the_o condensation_n of_o the_o subject_n which_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o red-hot-iron_n which_o burn_v and_o scorch_v more_o than_o flame_n or_o coal_n because_o every_o part_n have_v more_o degree_n or_o heat_n now_o where_o more_o part_n be_v close_o press_v together_o the_o heat_n must_v needs_o be_v more_o fervent_a i_o have_v dwell_v long_o on_o this_o subject_n because_o i_o will_v not_o seem_v to_o broach_v a_o new_a opinion_n without_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o conclude_v all_o and_o come_v as_o near_o the_o receive_a opinion_n as_o i_o can_v i_o will_v say_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n first_o absolute_o in_o itself_o second_o in_o comparison_n of_o heavy_a body_n to_o wit_n the_o earth_n and_o water_n in_o the_o first_o sense_n i_o grant_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n in_o the_o air_n because_o out_o of_o his_o natural_a inclination_n it_o tend_v as_o near_o as_o it_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o all_o other_o low_a body_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o heavy_a body_n we_o may_v call_v it_o light_n that_o be_v less_o heavy_a or_o ponderous_a so_o that_o by_o lightness_n we_o understand_v no_o absolute_a lightness_n but_o a_o privation_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o we_o have_v hitherto_o prove_v be_v this_o that_o all_o terrene_a body_n as_o earth_n water_n aire_n and_o other_o mix_a body_n which_o concur_v to_o the_o composition_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o site_n or_o position_n of_o they_o to_o the_o centre_n be_v their_o true_a and_o natural_a place_n wherein_o they_o seek_v their_o preservation_n 2_o of_o two_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n that_o always_o prevail_v which_o be_v heavy_a 3_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o earth_n enjoy_v the_o low_a place_n the_o next_o the_o water_n and_o the_o last_o the_o air_n the_o increment_n or_o increase_n of_o any_o effect_n must_v necessary_o arise_v from_o the_o great_a vigour_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n as_o both_o reason_n and_o philosophy_n well_o teach_v now_o as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o heavy_a body_n natural_o do_v descend_v downward_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a inclination_n they_o have_v to_o attain_v the_o centre_n but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n or_o constipation_n of_o ponderous_a part_n in_o the_o same_o mass_n there_o must_v needs_o proceed_v a_o great_a inclination_n suppose_v then_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o air_n be_v three_o weighty_a body_n to_o incline_v and_o dispose_v themselves_o to_o their_o uttermost_a force_n to_o enclose_v and_o engird_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o most_o compact_a and_o ponderous_a must_v obtain_v the_o pre-eminence_n next_o to_o which_o succeed_v the_o water_n than_o the_o air_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o ponderous_a yet_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o the_o water_n and_o aire_n be_v settle_v in_o this_o wise_a be_v in_o their_o natural_a place_n which_o to_o understand_v we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o say_v before_o that_o nature_n have_v a_o twofold_a intention_n the_o one_o primary_n the_o other_o secondary_a indeed_o if_o we_o consider_v nature_n primary_n or_o special_a inclination_n in_o the_o body_n themselves_o we_o shall_v find_v they_o as_o we_o say_v immediate_o direct_v to_o the_o centre_n as_o near_o as_o may_v be_v but_o the_o secondary_a intent_n of_o nature_n be_v that_o the_o body_n shall_v so_o settle_v and_o conform_v themselves_o as_o that_o each_o of_o they_o shall_v obtain_v a_o place_n according_a to_o his_o degree_n of_o massiness_n and_o weight_n out_o of_o this_o may_v be_v answer_v a_o certain_a objection_n which_o some_o have_v produce_v to_o prove_v the_o air_n to_o be_v absolute_o light_a in_o his_o own_o nature_n experience_n teach_v we_o say_v these_o man_n that_o a_o bladder_n blow_v up_o with_o wind_n or_o a_o empty_a barrel_n be_v by_o force_n keep_v under_o water_n the_o force_n and_o obstacle_n omit_v will_v sudden_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n and_o that_o a_o man_n ready_a to_o sink_v in_o the_o water_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o sink_v down_o while_o he_o can_v hold_v his_o breath_n all_o which_o effect_n they_o ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o to_o inclination_n of_o the_o air_n to_o move_v upward_o from_o the_o centre_n but_o indeed_o this_o motion_n howbeit_o agreeable_a to_o the_o universal_a nature_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o air_n itself_o unnatural_a and_o violent_a because_o this_o ascent_n of_o it_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o the_o form_n of_o the_o air_n but_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o heavy_a body_n strive_v for_o the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v 1_o the_o centre_n itself_o 2_o the_o part_n which_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o it_o the_o centre_n be_v a_o imaginary_a point_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n to_o which_o all_o the_o part_n be_v conform_v the_o father_n of_o the_o mathematical_a science_n have_v labour_v to_o derive_v all_o their_o doctrine_n from_o a_o point_n as_o the_o first_o and_o most_o simple_a principle_n whereon_o all_o the_o rest_n depend_v not_o that_o they_o imagine_v a_o point_n to_o be_v any_o positive_a entity_n in_o itself_o but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o bind_v of_o magnitude_n whence_o all_o terminate_v quantity_n take_v their_o original_n the_o first_o principle_n we_o may_v call_v it_o not_o of_o natural_a constitution_n because_o a_o thousand_o point_n collect_v can_v not_o be_v so_o compound_v as_o out_o of_o it_o shall_v arise_v the_o least_o
magnitude_n for_o as_o the_o philosopher_n have_v teach_v we_o continuate_a and_o divisible_a thing_n can_v be_v make_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o discontinuate_a and_o indivisible_a but_o because_o it_o be_v the_o first_o mathematical_a principle_n or_o beginning_n of_o termination_n and_o figuration_n this_o point_n although_o it_o have_v everywhere_a a_o use_n in_o geometry_n yet_o nowhere_o more_o remarkable_a than_o when_o it_o become_v the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n which_o centre_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o imagine_v a_o mere_a geometrical_a conceit_n but_o such_o as_o find_v ground_n in_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n for_o see_v all_o terrene_a body_n be_v carry_v in_o a_o right_a line_n as_o by_o a_o radius_fw-la to_o one_o point_n from_o every_o part_n of_o the_o circumference_n we_o may_v observe_v a_o centre_n as_o it_o be_v design_v and_o point_v out_o by_o nature_n itself_o in_o the_o globe_n some_o have_v here_o distinguish_v betwixt_o a_o point_n physical_a and_o a_o point_n mathematical_a as_o allot_v the_o former_a latitude_n and_o sensible_a existence_n but_o make_v the_o other_o mere_o indivisible_a but_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v right_o understand_v they_o be_v not_o two_o point_n but_o all_o one_o distinguish_v only_o by_o a_o diverse_a name_n of_o conceit_n or_o consideration_n for_o we_o consider_v first_o a_o point_n as_o it_o be_v existent_a in_o a_o sensible_a particular_a body_n and_o so_o we_o call_v it_o physical_a second_o we_o abstract_n it_o from_o this_o or_o that_o body_n sensible_a but_o always_o conceit_n it_o withal_o to_o be_v in_o some_o body_n and_o in_o this_o sort_n we_o term_v it_o mathematical_a for_o the_o mathematician_n abstract_n not_o a_o quantity_n or_o quantitative_a sign_n from_o all_o subject_n for_o so_o be_v a_o accident_n he_o shall_v conceive_v it_o abstract_v from_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o from_o this_o or_o that_o sensible_a body_n as_o wood_n or_o stone_n such_o a_o point_n ought_v we_o to_o imagine_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v not_o participate_v of_o any_o latitude_n or_o magnitude_n albeit_o existent_n in_o some_o magnitude_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o some_o writer_n have_v take_v a_o physical_a point_n for_o a_o small_a and_o insensible_a magnitude_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v call_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o heavenly_a motion_n but_o this_o sense_n be_v very_o improper_a and_o beside_o in_o this_o example_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v a_o point_n opticall_a as_o such_o as_o carry_v no_o sensible_a or_o proportionable_a quantity_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o sight_n take_v then_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v a_o point_n fix_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o earthly_a sphere_n as_o we_o have_v describe_v we_o will_v further_o describe_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o in_o two_o theorem_n 1_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o a_o attractive_a but_o a_o mere_a respective_a point_n a_o attractive_a point_n i_o term_v that_o which_o have_v in_o it_o a_o virtue_n or_o power_n to_o draw_v and_o attract_v the_o terrestrial_a part_n or_o body_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o loadstone_n have_v a_o power_n to_o draw_v iron_n or_o steel_n but_o a_o respective_a point_n be_v that_o which_o the_o body_n in_o their_o motion_n do_v respect_n and_o conform_v themselves_o unto_o as_o the_o bound_n or_o centre_n to_o which_o their_o course_n be_v direct_v which_o may_v be_v illustrate_v by_o the_o directive_a operation_n of_o the_o loadstone_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o handle_v by_o which_o the_o magnetical_a indix_n or_o needle_n point_v direct_o northward_o not_o that_o in_o the_o north_n be_v fix_v any_o attractive_a virtue_n or_o operation_n whicâ—_n may_v cause_v that_o effect_n but_o because_o the_o magnetical_a instrument_n be_v direct_v towards_o such_o a_o point_n or_o centre_n that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o attractive_a force_n may_v be_v prove_v 1_o because_o it_o can_v in_o any_o probability_n be_v think_v that_o a_o imaginary_a point_n have_v only_o a_o privative_a be_v and_o subsistence_n shall_v challenge_v to_o itself_o any_o such_o operation_n for_o all_o positive_a effect_n proceed_v out_o of_o positive_a cause_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o this_o attraction_n shall_v grow_v out_o of_o a_o mere_a privation_n second_o shall_v this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o earthly_a part_n shall_v be_v from_o the_o attractive_a virtue_n of_o the_o centre_n it_o will_v follow_v necessary_o that_o this_o motion_n shall_v not_o be_v natural_a but_o violent_a as_o proceed_v from_o a_o external_a cause_n which_o all_o ancient_a and_o modern_a philosopher_n deny_v 2_o the_o same_o point_n be_v the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n that_o the_o same_o point_n in_o the_o terrene_a globe_n shall_v make_v the_o centre_n both_o of_o magnitude_n and_o weight_n may_v seem_v very_o plain_a 1_o because_o we_o be_v not_o to_o multiply_v thing_n and_o entity_n in_o our_o conceit_n without_o any_o necessary_a consequence_n draw_v from_o nature_n or_o reason_n enforce_v we_o thereunto_o but_o what_o reason_n can_v ever_o persuade_v any_o man_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v two_o centre_n the_o one_o of_o weight_n the_o other_o of_o magnitude_n but_o only_o a_o bare_a imagination_n without_o proof_n or_o demonstration_n second_o if_o this_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n be_v remove_v some_o distance_n from_o the_o other_o then_o consequent_o will_v one_o part_v of_o the_o earth_n overpoize_a the_o other_o in_o ponderosity_n and_o so_o the_o whole_a sphere_n will_v either_o be_v shake_v out_o of_o its_o place_n or_o dissolve_v itself_o into_o its_o first_o principle_n both_o of_o which_o be_v by_o experience_n contradict_v our_o assertion_n will_v stand_v sure_a and_o undoubted_a in_o the_o mean_a space_n we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o some_o little_a difference_n may_v be_v admit_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o unequal_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o must_v needs_o be_v so_o small_a and_o insensible_a as_o can_v be_v cacullate_v or_o cause_v any_o alteration_n 8_o the_o terrene_a part_n conform_v themselves_o to_o this_o centre_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o comparative_o absolute_o as_o every_o part_n be_v consider_v in_o itself_o 9_o a_o terrestrial_a part_n consider_v in_o itself_o undergo_v the_o respect_n either_o of_o a_o point_n of_o magnitude_n as_o a_o point_n when_o any_o sign_n or_o point_n in_o itself_o be_v consider_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o conformity_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o point_n albeit_o exist_v still_o in_o some_o magnitude_n as_o we_o have_v show_v may_v notwithstanding_o be_v abstract_v from_o this_o or_o that_o body_n as_o serve_v for_o the_o centre_n of_o any_o body_n who_o natural_a inclination_n and_o conformity_n to_o the_o universal_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o may_v in_o the_o first_o place_n handle_v as_o the_o rule_n by_o which_o the_o motion_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o whole_a magnitude_n ought_v to_o be_v square_v 1_o every_o point_n or_o centre_n of_o weighty_a body_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n by_o a_o right_a line_n a_o right_a line_n be_v the_o measure_n and_o rule_v almost_o of_o all_o natural_a action_n which_o albeit_o it_o be_v familiar_a in_o almost_o every_o operation_n yet_o most_o of_o all_o in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earthly_a body_n tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n why_o nature_n in_o this_o kind_n shall_v chief_o affect_v a_o right_a line_n sundry_a reason_n may_v be_v allege_v 1_o from_o the_o end_n which_o nature_n do_v propose_v itself_o which_o be_v to_o produce_v the_o work_n which_o she_o intend_v the_o ready_a and_o short_a way_n as_o aristotle_n testify_v of_o she_o in_o the_o 5_o of_o his_o metaphysic_n now_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o a_o right_a line_n draw_v betwixt_o the_o same_o point_n be_v always_o short_a as_o euclid_n show_v in_o his_o element_n where_o he_o demonstrate_v that_o two_o side_n of_o any_o triangle_n be_v count_v together_o be_v long_o than_o the_o three_o the_o better_a to_o understand_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n we_o shall_v observe_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a part_n to_o the_o centre_n a_o double_a scope_n or_o end_n first_o that_o the_o say_a part_n of_o a_o terrestrial_a body_n shall_v be_v move_v or_o separate_v from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v by_o violence_n transpose_v second_o that_o this_o body_n shall_v be_v restore_v home_o and_o unite_v to_o the_o spherical_a substance_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o it_o must_v chief_o seek_v its_o preservation_n that_o these_o two_o end_n be_v best_a and_o soon_o compass_v by_o a_o right_a line_n be_v most_o manifest_a for_o
first_o a_o sepaparation_n from_o the_o place_n to_o which_o it_o be_v move_v be_v more_o quick_a &_o expedient_a by_o a_o right_a line_n forasmuch_o as_o crooked_a and_o circular_a line_n turn_v back_o as_o it_o be_v into_o themselves_o again_o also_o the_o union_n and_o conjunction_n of_o a_o part_n with_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v most_o indebt_v to_o a_o right_a motion_n because_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o way_n be_v short_a second_o it_o may_v be_v allege_v that_o nature_n be_v a_o uniform_a and_o necessary_a agent_n restrain_v to_o one_o only_o bind_v or_o end_n and_o therefore_o can_v neither_o strengthen_v weaken_v remit_v or_o suspend_v the_o action_n but_o work_v always_o by_o the_o same_o mean_n the_o same_o effect_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o she_o choose_v a_o right_a line_n be_v but_o one_o betwixt_o two_o point_n whereas_o crooked_a line_n may_v be_v draw_v infinite_a and_o the_o motion_n direct_v by_o crooked_a line_n will_v prove_v various_a and_o opposite_a to_o the_o prescript_n of_o nature_n moreover_o shall_v we_o imagine_v that_o nature_n at_o any_o time_n wrought_v by_o a_o crooked_a or_o circular_a line_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v from_o what_o agent_n this_o obliquity_n shall_v arise_v not_o from_o nature_n itself_o because_o as_o we_o say_v she_o work_v always_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o her_o strength_n have_v no_o power_n to_o remit_v or_o suspend_v her_o actioâ—s_n but_o a_o crooked_a motion_n arise_v from_o the_o remission_n or_o slack_n of_o the_o agent_n force_v and_o turn_v it_o away_o from_o the_o intend_a end_n which_o only_o find_v place_n in_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n neither_o come_v this_o deflexion_n from_o the_o medium_n or_o air_n because_o it_o can_v have_v no_o such_o power_n to_o resist_v three_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v not_o perform_v in_o a_o right_a line_n it_o can_v have_v no_o opposite_a or_o contrary_n because_o as_o aristotle_n teach_v to_o a_o circular_a or_o crooked_a motion_n 4._o no_o other_o motion_n can_v be_v opposite_a or_o contrary_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n but_o only_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o diameter_n which_o be_v always_o a_o right_a line_n by_o this_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o a_o weighty_a point_n consider_v in_o itself_o abstract_o can_v but_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o centre_n in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o right_a line_n real_o and_o physical_o point_v out_o unto_o we_o a_o radius_fw-la or_o beam_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o circumference_n to_o show_v that_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n in_o compose_v the_o earthly_a globe_n both_o observe_v and_o teach_v we_o the_o use_n of_o geometry_n 2_o a_o point_n move_v towards_o the_o centre_n will_v move_v swift_a in_o the_o end_n then_o in_o the_o beginning_n this_o have_v be_v plain_o observe_v by_o experience_n that_o a_o stone_n let_v fall_v from_o a_o tower_n or_o high_a place_n will_v in_o motion_n grow_v swift_a and_o swift_a till_o it_o approach_v the_o ground_n or_o place_n whereon_o it_o fall_v the_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v from_o the_o air_n which_o resist_v so_o much_o the_o less_o by_o how_o much_o the_o body_n descend_v low_a towards_o the_o earth_n or_o centre_n because_o when_o it_o be_v high_a the_o distance_n be_v great_a the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n will_v make_v more_o resistance_n the_o reason_n render_v by_o aristotle_n of_o this_o resistance_n be_v because_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o motion_n the_o stone_n or_o heavy_a body_n find_v the_o air_n quiet_a and_o fix_a but_o be_v once_o set_v on_o motion_n the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o air_n successive_o move_v those_o which_o be_v under_o be_v drive_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o stone_n so_o fall_v and_o prepare_v as_o it_o be_v the_o way_n for_o his_o come_n this_o reason_n may_v in_o some_o sort_n content_v a_o ingenious_a wit_n till_o a_o better_a be_v find_v out_o 10_o so_o much_o for_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o heavy_a point_n or_o centre_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o treat_v next_o of_o the_o motion_n and_o conformity_n of_o magnitude_n to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o we_o consider_v not_o only_o the_o centre_n or_o middle_a point_n but_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o the_o magnitude_n who_o motion_n and_o conformity_n shall_v be_v express_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o magnitude_n towards_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o mere_o natural_a but_o mix_v with_o a_o violent_a motion_n this_o may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v because_o no_o point_n of_o any_o magnitude_n be_v move_v to_o the_o centre_n natural_o but_o the_o middle_a point_n or_o centre_n of_o the_o magnitude_n for_o although_o the_o centre_n be_v move_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n which_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n yet_o the_o extreme_a part_n be_v move_v in_o line_n parallel_v which_o can_v possible_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o the_o horizon_n or_o meet_v in_o the_o centre_n which_o may_v be_v show_v in_o this_o figure_n let_v there_o be_v a_o circle_n as_o abl_v this_o do_v we_o will_v imagine_v a_o certain_a magnitude_n hang_v in_o the_o air_n and_o tend_v to_o the_o centre_n c_o which_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o line_n pen_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o magnitude_n e_o will_v move_v and_o conform_v itself_o downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o line_n aec_fw-la which_o motion_n will_v be_v natural_a as_o that_o which_o be_v derive_v to_o a_o centre_n from_o a_o circumference_n by_o the_o direct_a radius_fw-la which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o all_o natural_a motion_n but_o the_o other_o part_n without_o the_o centre_n of_o this_o magnitude_n can_v move_v but_o in_o so_o many_o line_n which_o shall_v be_v parallel_v the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o for_o example_n the_o point_n n_o must_v needs_o move_v in_o the_o line_n ng_z and_o the_o point_n p_o in_o the_o line_n pf_n which_o be_v of_o equal_a distance_n will_v never_o concur_v in_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v esteem_v natural_a ray_n of_o the_o circle_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o these_o part_n be_v not_o natural_a but_o violent_a for_o if_o any_o shall_v imagine_v the_o motion_n of_o these_o part_n to_o be_v natural_a then_o shall_v the_o point_n n_o move_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o line_n nc_fw-fr and_o the_o point_n p._n by_o the_o line_n pc_n and_o so_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o any_o weighty_a body_n shall_v approach_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o so_o much_o it_o shall_v be_v diminish_v and_o curtail_v in_o his_o quantity_n so_o that_o in_o the_o centre_n itself_o all_o the_o part_n shall_v concur_v in_o a_o indivisible_a point_n which_o be_v absurd_a &_o contradict_v all_o reason_n 11_o hitherto_o have_v we_o speak_v of_o the_o conformity_n of_o all_o earthly_a and_o weighty_a body_n to_o the_o terrene_a centre_n as_o they_o be_v take_v absolute_o it_o now_o remain_v that_o we_o speak_v of_o these_o body_n as_o they_o be_v take_v comparative_o be_v compare_v one_o with_o the_o other_o this_o discourse_n proper_o belong_v to_o a_o art_n which_o be_v call_v staticke_a and_o mathematical_a who_o office_n be_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o affection_n of_o heaviness_n and_o lightness_n of_o all_o body_n out_o of_o their_o cause_n the_o chief_a sensible_a instrument_n whereon_o these_o property_n be_v demonstrate_v and_o show_v be_v the_o bilanz_n or_o ballance_n but_o these_o specialty_n we_o leave_v to_o such_o as_o have_v purposely_o write_v of_o this_o subject_n among_o which_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o chief_a be_v archimedes_n who_o heavenly_a wit_n overtake_v all_o such_o as_o go_v before_o he_o and_o outgo_v all_o such_o as_o followed_z enough_o it_o will_v seem_v in_o this_o treatise_n to_o insert_v a_o proposition_n or_o two_o staticall_a to_o show_v the_o conformity_n of_o two_o magnitude_n and_o their_o proper_a centre_n move_v downward_o towards_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o centre_n 1_o the_o line_n wherein_o the_o centre_n of_o two_o heavy_a body_n be_v move_v downward_o be_v continue_v will_v meet_v in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n a_o heavy_a point_n or_o centre_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v heretofore_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n in_o a_o right_a line_n which_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v a_o ray_n of_o the_o whole_a sphere_n derive_v from_o the_o circumference_n to_o the_o centre_n &_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a they_o shall_v be_v parallel_n or_o equidistant_a but_o concurrent_a line_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a distance_n betwixt_o we_o and_o the_o centre_n be_v very_o great_a it_o must_v needs_o happen_v that_o in_o a_o small_a space_n the_o concourse_n of_o
the_o motive_n be_v that_o by_o which_o all_o magnetical_a body_n be_v incline_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o the_o motion_n in_o the_o reasonable_a soul_n of_o a_o man_n we_o have_v two_o faculty_n which_o show_v themselves_o a_o motive_n and_o a_o directive_a or_o disponent_fw-la power_n whereof_o the_o one_o stir_n up_o the_o motion_n the_o other_o regulate_v conform_v and_o direct_v it_o the_o former_a be_v the_o will_n the_o late_a the_o discourse_n and_o judgement_n this_o distinction_n of_o faculty_n howsoever_o more_o evident_a in_o the_o soul_n find_v place_n in_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o which_o a_o philosopher_n ought_v to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o that_o which_o give_v they_o a_o power_n to_o move_v and_o that_o which_o limit_n determine_v and_o as_o the_o schoolman_n be_v wont_a to_o speak_v modificate_v the_o action_n among_o other_o the_o magnet-stone_n seem_v most_o to_o partake_v of_o these_o two_o power_n as_o that_o which_o among_o all_o natural_a agent_n in_o gilbert_n opinion_n seem_v most_o to_o have_v resemblance_n with_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n so_o that_o by_o a_o apt_a trope_n it_o have_v be_v call_v of_o many_o the_o magnetical_a soul_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o hence_o we_o may_v well_o perceive_v one_o virtue_n or_o inclination_n which_o â—â—useth_v the_o magnetical_a needle_n to_o move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n another_o by_o which_o it_o be_v apt_a to_o conform_v itself_o north_n and_o south_n as_o also_o to_o observe_v certain_a angle_n correspondent_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v demonstrate_v in_o due_a place_n of_o the_o motive_n power_n we_o will_v produce_v these_o theorem_n 1_o the_o magnetical_a motion_n be_v excite_v in_o a_o small_a &_o unperceivable_a difference_n of_o time_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v show_v out_o of_o evident_a experiment_n wherein_o every_o man_n sight_n may_v be_v a_o witness_n for_o if_o a_o iron-needle_n touch_v with_o the_o loadstone_n be_v place_v within_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n of_o the_o stone_n it_o will_v present_o move_v itself_o notwithstanding_o the_o interposition_n of_o solid_a body_n which_o make_v gilbert_n to_o imagine_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v effect_v by_o a_o mere_a spiritual_a and_o immaterial_a effluxe_n which_o may_v well_o be_v compare_v to_o the_o light_n which_o nevertheless_o it_o surpass_v in_o subtlety_n for_o the_o light_n be_v move_v from_o east_n to_o west_n so_o quick_o that_o many_o have_v think_v this_o motion_n to_o have_v be_v in_o a_o moment_n or_o instant_n of_o time_n but_o this_o quickness_n of_o motion_n may_v much_o more_o be_v imagine_v in_o the_o magnetical_a virtue_n be_v of_o a_o more_o subtle_a and_o pierce_a nature_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o this_o reason_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o light_n be_v always_o hinder_v by_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o thick_a and_o opacous_a body_n but_o the_o virtue_n magnetical_a find_v a_o passage_n through_o all_o solid_a body_n 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be_v prove_v to_o be_v natural_a and_o without_o violence_n or_o restraint_n second_o because_o in_o this_o answer_n they_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v cut_v and_o divide_v into_o diverse_a orb_n section_n and_o conâ—amerations_n which_o late_a astronomer_n upon_o better_a experience_n have_v deride_v or_o at_o least_o omit_v as_o hypothesis_n or_o supposition_n to_o settle_v imagination_n rather_o than_o real_a or_o true_a ground_n if_o they_o will_v understand_v this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o simple_a body_n shall_v challenge_v one_o simple_a motion_n of_o a_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n it_o may_v perhaps_o obtain_v some_o credit_n but_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n join_v to_o the_o whole_a and_o the_o circular_a motion_n also_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o a_o planet_n about_o his_o own_o axle_n and_o the_o circular_a motion_n itself_o about_o the_o earth_n be_v find_v to_o be_v diverse_a kind_n and_o therefore_o no_o way_n 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diverse_a one_o from_o the_o other_o yet_o since_o in_o this_o magnetical_a nature_n there_o be_v a_o harmony_n and_o communion_n well_o we_o may_v call_v it_o a_o homogenity_n of_o the_o form_n and_o nature_n not_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o quantity_n as_o common_a philosopher_n common_o use_v the_o word_n so_o that_o every_o part_n or_o element_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v compound_v may_v claim_v his_o own_o motion_n and_o proper_o yet_o all_o conspire_v in_o one_o universal_a form_n of_o a_o spherical_a body_n may_v notwithstanding_o be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o spherical_a motion_n in_o the_o last_o place_n we_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o circular_a motion_n grant_v unto_o the_o earth_n can_v no_o way_n oppose_v or_o endanger_v the_o natural_a site_n or_o position_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o the_o situation_n or_o position_n be_v fear_v to_o be_v change_v it_o must_v needs_o happen_v one_o of_o these_o way_n either_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n or_o that_o the_o part_n shall_v be_v separate_v &_o distract_v one_o from_o the_o other_o or_o that_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v change_v and_o alter_v the_o first_o can_v touch_v our_o assertion_n because_o in_o this_o place_n we_o affirm_v not_o that_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o globe_n be_v move_v out_o of_o his_o place_n but_o that_o the_o whole_a earth_n in_o the_o same_o place_n be_v turn_v round_o upon_o her_o own_o centre_n for_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n which_o hold_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o move_v round_o about_o the_o earth_n we_o shall_v censure_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o motion_n can_v be_v separate_v or_o disunit_a one_o from_o the_o other_o first_o because_o all_o the_o part_n be_v unite_v to_o the_o whole_a by_o their_o natural_a gravity_n that_o if_o by_o chance_n they_o shall_v be_v separate_v they_o will_v natural_o return_v 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that_o if_o any_o such_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v perceive_v by_o sense_n second_o they_o urge_v against_o we_o that_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n there_o be_v the_o same_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n but_o every_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o experience_n teach_v be_v move_v downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a can_v have_v no_o other_o motion_n to_o this_o objection_n we_o have_v partly_o answer_v before_o yet_o to_o give_v further_a satisfaction_n we_o will_v add_v something_o more_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n and_o sphere_n another_o of_o the_o several_a part_n and_o element_n whereof_o it_o consist_v if_o the_o whole_a sphere_n be_v understand_v we_o ascribe_v unto_o it_o no_o other_o motion_n but_o the_o circular_a which_o we_o here_o labour_v to_o establish_v
the_o part_n whereof_o this_o terrestrial_a sphere_n consist_v may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o as_o they_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o whole_a by_o a_o magnetical_a form_n or_o disjoin_v and_o take_v by_o themselves_o in_o the_o former_a the_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o move_v in_o the_o same_o motion_n by_o which_o the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v because_o the_o whole_a and_o all_o the_o part_n take_v together_o be_v the_o same_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o circular_a revolution_n notwithstanding_o this_o any_o part_n several_a and_o disjoin_v from_o the_o whole_a have_v a_o right_a motion_n downward_o towards_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o it_o return_v to_o its_o true_a natural_a union_n this_o inclination_n of_o the_o part_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o whole_a earth_n neither_o unto_o any_o part_n unite_v and_o conglobate_v to_o the_o whole_a but_o only_o to_o a_o part_n separate_v from_o his_o place_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a may_v notwithstanding_o in_o his_o place_n enjoy_v a_o circular_a motion_n now_o to_o come_v more_o near_o home_o unto_o their_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o earth_n we_o answer_v as_o before_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a homogeneity_n the_o one_o of_o the_o matter_n and_o quantity_n the_o other_o of_o the_o magnetical_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v conclude_v out_o of_o the_o right_a motion_n of_o all_o the_o part_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o whole_a so_o we_o understand_v it_o in_o a_o good_a sense_n first_o that_o every_o part_n be_v here_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o in_o but_o out_o of_o his_o proper_a place_n second_o that_o by_o the_o whole_a we_o ought_v not_o to_o understand_v the_o whole_a globe_n with_o all_o his_o part_n conform_v in_o one_o spherical_a frame_n but_o all_o the_o part_n indefinite_o take_v for_o if_o we_o shall_v understand_v of_o the_o whole_a globe_n their_o argument_n will_v in_o no_o way_n 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not_o back_v with_o any_o necessary_a demonstration_n for_o it_o prove_v not_o thing_n else_o but_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o all_o earthy_a and_o heavy_a body_n and_o not_o to_o be_v absolute_o place_v in_o the_o exact_a middle_n of_o the_o world_n another_o reason_n not_o much_o unlike_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v by_o some_o from_o a_o final_a cause_n and_o the_o natural_a harmony_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o world_n one_o with_o the_o other_o the_o earth_n say_v they_o be_v of_o all_o other_o body_n the_o most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a therefore_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o nature_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n equal_o distant_a from_o each_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n that_o one_o part_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o complain_v of_o this_o unpleasing_a vicinity_n more_o than_o another_o but_o this_o reason_n take_v as_o grant_v to_o matter_n as_o yet_o not_o decide_v first_o that_o the_o earth_n among_o all_o other_o body_n be_v most_o vile_a and_o sordid_a depend_v on_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n suffer_v no_o corruption_n a_o thing_n soon_o speak_v then_o prove_v second_o that_o pure_a and_o impure_a body_n the_o most_o excellent_a and_o most_o vile_a in_o nature_n be_v always_o most_o distant_a as_o in_o nature_n so_o in_o place_n which_o be_v a_o peremptory_a assertion_n without_o ground_n a_o three_o reason_n more_o probable_a than_o the_o former_a be_v draw_v from_o the_o apparence_n of_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o star_n above_o the_o horizon_n appear_v always_o to_o be_v of_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o magnitude_n and_o quantity_n whether_o in_o the_o vertical_a point_n or_o in_o the_o east_n or_o the_o west_n or_o any_o other_o place_n whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o they_o differ_v equal_o in_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o earth_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o world_n for_o if_o it_o 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alphraganus_n and_o the_o best_a astronomer_n the_o consequence_n may_v be_v infer_v out_o of_o natural_a reason_n this_o argument_n will_v sufficient_o hold_v upon_o this_o supposition_n mention_v before_o and_o to_o be_v prove_v hereafter_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o sensible_a magnitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o firmament_n no_o sensible_a difference_n can_v show_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o sensible_a and_o the_o rational_a horizon_n beside_o these_o reason_n which_o make_v the_o matter_n more_o than_o probable_a other_o be_v produce_v by_o ptolemy_n demonstrative_a â—ot_n admit_v any_o evident_a or_o probable_a exception_n or_o evasion_n the_o first_o be_v this_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v have_v of_o necessity_n one_o of_o these_o three_o sites_n or_o position_n either_o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o at_o least_o it_o must_v be_v place_v not_o only_o without_o the_o plain_a 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the_o world_n a_o which_o shall_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o axis_n bc_n since_o the_o equator_fw-la cut_v the_o horizon_n in_o right_a angle_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o not_o only_o the_o equatour_n but_o other_o parallel_n of_o the_o same_o will_v be_v unequal_o divide_v of_o the_o horizon_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o pass_v not_o by_o the_o centre_n or_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o day_n must_v continual_o be_v unequal_a to_o the_o night_n which_o contradict_v all_o experience_n because_o in_o a_o right_a sphere_n the_o day_n be_v always_o find_v to_o be_v equal_a to_o the_o night_n second_o out_o of_o this_o position_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o no_o man_n in_o a_o right_a sphere_n shall_v behold_v the_o half_a or_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n but_o either_o a_o great_a or_o lesser_a part_n as_o may_v be_v demonstrate_v out_o of_o the_o same_o diagramme_n whereas_o sense_n can_v testify_v that_o six_o sign_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v always_o conspicuous_a above_o our_o horizon_n and_o the_o other_o six_o always_o hide_v only_o except_v that_o horizon_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o the_o mediety_n of_o heaven_n be_v conspicuous_a three_o the_o same_o star_n in_o a_o clear_a air_n shall_v not_o always_o seem_v of_o the_o same_o magnitude_n for_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v place_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a plain_n and_o beside_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o world_n towards_o the_o zenith_n or_o meridian_n the_o star_n which_o be_v in_o the_o meridian_n will_v appear_v great_a than_o in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n because_o they_o be_v near_o but_o if_o it_o be_v place_v near_o the_o nadir_n or_o midnight_n point_n they_o will_v appear_v great_a in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n then_o in_o the_o meridian_n if_o it_o shall_v be_v place_v towards_o
understand_v we_o be_v first_o to_o set_v down_o in_o a_o scheme_n or_o diagram_n both_o the_o number_n and_o order_n of_o all_o the_o heavenly_a orb_n conceive_v according_a to_o our_o ground_n second_o we_o must_v show_v in_o particular_a how_o this_o range_a of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n be_v capable_a of_o all_o the_o motion_n and_o apt_a to_o satisfy_v the_o apparence_n in_o which_o part_n i_o will_v not_o too_o nice_o descend_v to_o astronomical_a curiosity_n be_v too_o many_o and_o subtle_a for_o a_o geographer_n to_o discuss_v only_o i_o will_v give_v a_o taste_n to_o satisfy_v such_o as_o suppose_v no_o middle_a way_n can_v be_v tread_v out_o betwixt_o ptolemy_n stability_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o copernicus_n his_o three_o motion_n i_o may_v seem_v perhaps_o presumptuous_a beyond_o my_o knowledge_n to_o reject_v and_o pass_v by_o the_o draught_n and_o delineation_n of_o ptolemy_n alphonsus_n and_o their_o follower_n which_o be_v common_o defend_v and_o in_o use_n or_o that_o 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in_o hipparchus_n time_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o pole_n about_o 12_o degree_n be_v now_o observe_v to_o approach_v almost_o three_o degree_n these_o two_o motion_n shall_v they_o be_v esteem_v in_o the_o account_n of_o astronomer_n may_v seem_v deficient_a notwithstanding_o we_o may_v probable_o conjecture_v this_o to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o motion_n upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a whence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v not_o only_o carry_v from_o west_n to_o east_n but_o also_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o obliquity_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a line_n incline_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o to_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o they_o may_v again_o return_v for_o this_o motion_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o east_n be_v of_o the_o primary_n intent_n of_o
our_o eastern_a wind_n be_v find_v to_o be_v dry_a of_o all_o other_o whereof_o no_o other_o cause_n can_v be_v give_v then_o that_o it_o come_v over_o a_o great_a continent_n of_o land_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n out_o of_o which_o many_o dry_a and_o earthly_a exhalation_n be_v draw_v so_o the_o western_a wind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o moist_a because_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o huge_a atlantic_a ocean_n which_o must_v needs_o cast_v forth_o many_o watery_a and_o moist_a vapour_n which_o beget_v rain_n and_o shower_n from_o the_o moisture_n of_o which_o western_a wind_n some_o have_v seek_v out_o a_o answer_n to_o that_o problem_n why_o hunt_v hound_n shall_v not_o send_v nor_o hunt_v so_o well_o the_o wind_n be_v in_o the_o west_n as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o say_v they_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o moisture_n of_o it_o either_o in_o make_v hindrance_n to_o their_o leg_n in_o run_v or_o at_o least_o to_o their_o smell_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o foggy_a in_o this_o western_a wind_n we_o may_v also_o perceive_v much_o cold_a which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o quality_n of_o those_o watery_a vapour_n through_o which_o it_o pass_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o water_n be_v natural_o cold_a in_o our_o south_n wind_n we_o shall_v find_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereof_o the_o former_a arise_v from_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o those_o southern_a region_n near_o the_o equatour_n be_v most_o predominant_a the_o latter_a from_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o place_n because_o before_o it_o approach_v our_o coast_n it_o pass_v over_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n out_o of_o which_o the_o sun_n beget_v abundance_n of_o watery_a vapour_n which_o mix_v themselves_o with_o the_o wind_n final_o the_o northwind_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v cold_a and_o dry_a it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v cold_a because_o it_o be_v carry_v over_o diverse_a cold_a and_o snowy_a place_n most_o remote_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v dry_a because_o 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we_o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n speak_v of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o it_o self_n we_o be_v now_o to_o proceed_v to_o such_o accident_n as_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 2_o the_o adjunct_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n i_o call_v such_o as_o be_v abstract_v from_o any_o special_a quality_n or_o condition_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o any_o place_n in_o the_o earth_n these_o accident_n concern_v either_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n or_o the_o division_n of_o the_o place_n both_o which_o we_o have_v handle_v in_o our_o spherical_a part_n of_o geography_n the_o special_a be_v such_o as_o concern_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n not_o absolute_o but_o respect_v some_o special_a quality_n or_o property_n depend_v on_o such_o situation_n which_o more_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o 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suffer_v three_o how_o these_o operation_n be_v distinguish_v one_o from_o the_o other_o concern_v the_o first_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o our_o ordinary_a philosopher_n that_o the_o heaven_n work_n on_o inferior_a body_n by_o three_o instrument_n to_o wit_n light_n motion_n and_o influence_n by_o light_n as_o by_o a_o instrumental_a agent_n it_o engender_v heat_n in_o the_o air_n and_o earth_n not_o that_o the_o light_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n a_o immaterial_a quality_n can_v immediate_o of_o itself_o produce_v heat_n be_v material_a and_o elementary_a but_o by_o attrition_n and_o rarefaction_n whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n be_v make_v thin_a approach_v near_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o fire_n and_o so_o conceive_v heat_n this_o be_v again_o perform_v two_o way_n either_o by_o a_o simple_a or_o compo_fw-it und_v beam_n the_o simple_a ray_n be_v weak_a the_o compound_v infer_v a_o double_n of_o the_o ray_n by_o reflection_n be_v strong_a and_o of_o more_o validity_n in_o the_o operation_n and_o by_o consequence_n so_o much_o the_o more_o copious_a in_o the_o production_n of_o heat_n by_o how_o much_o more_o the_o reflection_n be_v great_a if_o we_o mere_o consider_v it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o motion_n the_o heaven_n may_v exercise_v their_o operation_n on_o the_o earth_n two_o way_n first_o by_o attenuate_v and_o rarefy_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o air_n next_o adjoin_v turn_v it_o into_o fire_n as_o some_o philosopher_n will_v have_v it_o whence_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o air_n communicate_v in_o this_o affection_n must_v needs_o partake_v some_o degree_n of_o heat_n but_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v a_o conceit_n ground_v only_o upon_o aristotle_n authority_n who_o suppose_v the_o heaven_n to_o be_v a_o solid_a compact_a body_n which_o will_v not_o so_o soon_o be_v grant_v of_o many_o more_o modern_a mathematician_n second_o the_o heavenly_a body_n may_v be_v say_v to_o work_v on_o inferior_a thing_n by_o motion_n in_o that_o by_o motion_n they_o be_v diverse_o dispose_v and_o order_v to_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o configuration_n of_o the_o star_n and_o planet_n whereby_o they_o may_v produce_v diverse_a effect_n so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n the_o heaven_n be_v imagine_v as_o a_o disponent_fw-la cause_n which_o do_v not_o so_o much_o produce_v the_o effect_n themselves_o as_o vary_v the_o operation_n hereon_o be_v ground_v all_o astrology_n as_o that_o which_o out_o of_o diverse_a aspect_n and_o combination_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o sign_n foreshow_v diverse_a event_n the_o three_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o heaven_n be_v say_v to_o work_v be_v the_o heavenly_a influence_n which_o be_v a_o hide_a and_o secret_a quality_n not_o subject_a to_o sense_n but_o only_o know_v and_o find_v out_o by_o the_o effect_n this_o three_o agent_n be_v by_o some_o question_v will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v but_o that_o a_o necessity_n in_o nature_n constrain_v it_o for_o many_o effect_n be_v find_v in_o inferior_a body_n cause_v by_o the_o heaven_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o light_n or_o motion_n as_o for_o example_n the_o production_n of_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o neither_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o can_v challenge_v any_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o light_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o former_a be_v far_o remote_a from_o the_o sunbeam_n the_o other_o cease_v not_o to_o move_v in_o his_o channel_n when_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v both_o under_o the_o earth_n beside_o who_o can_v give_v a_o reason_n of_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o canicular_a or_o dog-day_n if_o he_o exclude_v this_o influence_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n we_o shall_v find_v
peripatetic_n admit_v of_o any_o drought_n in_o the_o air_n which_o this_o moist_a element_n shall_v seek_v to_o avoid_v moreover_o if_o water_n shall_v conform_v itself_o to_o roundness_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o body_n whereon_o it_o fall_v then_o must_v it_o follow_v that_o either_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n shall_v expel_v the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o that_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n shall_v work_v on_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o water_n but_o neither_o can_v be_v grant_v with_o probability_n first_o because_o moisture_n and_o drought_n be_v not_o quality_n of_o such_o activity_n to_o drive_v and_o remove_v one_o the_o other_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o as_o it_o be_v here_o imagine_a second_o if_o the_o moist_a shall_v work_v on_o the_o dry_a it_o shall_v either_o touch_v it_o or_o not_o if_o it_o touch_v not_o it_o can_v work_v on_o it_o because_o no_o physical_a action_n can_v be_v perform_v withâ—â—t_o touch_v beside_o it_o be_v very_o impossible_a to_o imagine_v that_o without_o thiâ—_n tâ—uch_o one_o of_o these_o quality_n shall_v perceive_v or_o â—ent_v the_o other_o to_o avoid_v it_o if_o it_o touch_v it_o avoid_v not_o the_o touch_n but_o join_v itself_o with_o the_o drought_n and_o indeed_o reason_n and_o experience_n show_v that_o droâ—th_v rather_o covet_v and_o draw_v unto_o itself_o moisture_n then_o expel_v it_o wherefore_o scaliger_n go_v about_o to_o â—oâ—ge_v a_o new_a cause_n of_o this_o experience_n every_o thing_n say_v he_o in_o this_o nature_n be_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o but_o this_o unity_n in_o homogeneal_a body_n be_v best_a preserve_v in_o a_o globe_n or_o round_a figure_n wherein_o be_v no_o inequality_n no_o part_n high_o or_o low_o abound_v or_o deficient_a but_o herâ—_n may_v a_o man_n ask_v why_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o likewise_o conform_v unto_o roundness_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lesser_a drop_n he_o will_v perhaps_o answer_v 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water_n i_o here_o ask_v whither_o this_o water_n on_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o table_n equilibrate_v will_v continual_o flow_v abroad_o or_o at_o length_n suffer_v a_o stay_n or_o stop_v it_o can_v be_v continual_o spread_v abroad_o first_o because_o experience_n teach_v the_o contrary_a for_o we_o see_v little_a drop_n cast_v on_o such_o a_o plain_a to_o confine_v themselves_o within_o certain_a bound_n and_o lest_o any_o shall_v imagine_v as_o before_o that_o this_o happen_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o table_n let_v he_o first_o moisten_v the_o table_n and_o he_o shall_v find_v no_o great_a alteration_n second_o if_o the_o water_n shall_v always_o fall_v downward_o and_o so_o still_o run_v abroad_o and_o spread_v itself_o to_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o table_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o if_o the_o table_n be_v of_o a_o infinite_a capacity_n the_o water_n thus_o shed_v will_v infinite_o flow_v abroad_o without_o intermission_n and_o so_o shall_v nature_n set_v no_o bind_v to_o the_o thickness_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n whereof_o experience_n have_v sufficient_o teach_v the_o contrary_n now_o that_o water_n thus_o stand_v still_o on_o a_o plain_a equilibrate_v table_n shall_v have_v a_o canonical_a figure_n it_o may_v be_v plain_o prove_v almost_o by_o sense_n whereby_o we_o perceive_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v high_a than_o the_o extreme_n for_o no_o man_n can_v deny_v but_o the_o water_n thus_o stand_v be_v endow_v with_o thickness_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v a_o natural_a body_n wherefore_o of_o necessity_n it_o must_v swell_v above_o the_o table_n it_o can_v be_v spherical_o concentricall_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n because_o in_o so_o small_a a_o segment_n of_o a_o arch_n as_o this_o little_a quantity_n of_o water_n admit_v it_o will_v be_v insensible_a it_o can_v be_v plain_a because_o the_o side_n or_o extremity_n of_o it_o touch_v the_o table_n whereas_o the_o middle_a superficies_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n be_v elevate_v above_o the_o table_n neither_o can_v we_o imagine_v another_o figure_n beside_o which_o can_v apt_o be_v admit_v it_o be_v meet_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n of_o philosophy_n we_o explain_v how_o it_o come_v to_o participate_v this_o figure_n where_o we_o be_v first_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v as_o it_o be_v compound_v of_o two_o sphere_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v imagine_v to_o be_v concentricall_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n the_o other_o lesser_a only_a answer_v to_o the_o portion_n or_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v it_o make_v round_o for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o simple_a and_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o incline_v to_o roundness_n of_o itself_o as_o we_o have_v show_v by_o experiment_n yet_o such_o a_o sensible_a roundness_n as_o can_v have_v one_o centre_n with_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o water_n as_o it_o concurre_v to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n we_o shall_v find_v this_o figure_n to_o partake_v of_o a_o circular_a segment_n concentricke_a with_o the_o whole_a earth_n now_o because_o neither_o of_o these_o two_o figure_n can_v precise_o and_o exact_o arise_v by_o itself_o since_o the_o one_o must_v needs_o some_o what_o alter_v the_o other_o we_o must_v of_o necessity_n admit_v of_o a_o figure_n mix_v and_o compound_v of_o both_o these_o which_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o cone_n to_o express_v this_o more_o plain_o because_o this_o path_n be_v yet_o untrodden_a we_o find_v in_o the_o water_n a_o double_a motion_n direct_v to_o this_o double_a figuration_n the_o first_o whereof_o be_v that_o whereby_o all_o the_o part_n of_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v incline_v to_o a_o absolute_a roundness_n or_o spherical_a figure_n without_o respect_n of_o the_o universe_n the_o centre_n of_o which_o roundness_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v in_o the_o water_n itself_o the_o late_a be_v that_o whereby_o the_o part_n of_o the_o water_n conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v make_v a_o spherical_a figure_n as_o much_o as_o nature_n can_v suffer_v concentricke_a with_o the_o whole_a terrestrial_a globe_n in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o motion_n the_o water_n seek_v its_o own_o preservation_n in_o the_o late_a the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a universe_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o consistency_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v derive_v from_o the_o part_n which_o concur_v to_o preserve_v the_o whole_a to_o express_v a_o little_a better_o the_o manner_n of_o these_o two_o concurrent_a operation_n we_o will_v take_v for_o a_o undoubted_a ground_n that_o god_n have_v give_v to_o nature_n a_o power_n and_o inclination_n to_o preserve_v herself_o this_o grant_v we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o a_o twofold_a preservation_n the_o one_o special_a
the_o sea_n be_v dâ—uided_v into_o many_o part_n it_o will_v more_o easy_o dissolve_v and_o putrify_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v overthrow_v there_o want_v not_o reason_n to_o contradict_v first_o say_v one_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o create_v salt_n then_o be_v there_o some_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v fresh_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v create_v fresh_a yet_o be_v apt_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o receive_v saltness_n it_o may_v almost_o at_o the_o first_o receive_v it_o second_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o it_o embrace_v this_o quality_n i_o know_v neither_o history_n to_o confute_v i_o or_o reason_n to_o convince_v i_o second_o it_o be_v urge_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o can_v well_o live_v in_o fresh_a water_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v original_o salt_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n but_o this_o be_v of_o no_o great_a force_n first_o because_o experience_n show_v that_o many_o kind_n of_o fish_n live_v in_o both_o and_o many_o rather_o covet_v and_o desire_v the_o fresh_a water_n than_o the_o sea_n second_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o as_o the_o sea_n by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o by_o degree_n turn_v from_o freshness_n to_o saltness_n the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o fish_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n change_v and_o alter_v whence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o fish_n since_o breed_v and_o nourish_v in_o fresh_a water_n can_v so_o well_o endure_v the_o salt_n moreover_o who_o know_v whether_o all_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o fish_n now_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n since_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o sundry_a kind_n of_o live_a creature_n daily_o arise_v out_o of_o putrefaction_n on_o the_o land_n which_o may_v with_o like_a probability_n or_o more_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v yet_o behind_o other_o reason_n of_o one_o patricius_n a_o platonist_n who_o will_v oppose_v aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n aristotle_n say_v he_o speak_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n show_v not_o the_o cause_n for_o i_o will_v ask_v why_o that_o parcel_n of_o water_n from_o whence_o the_o thin_a part_n be_v extract_v shall_v remain_v salt_n be_v it_o so_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o afterward_o impress_v be_v it_o inbred_a or_o accidental_a if_o he_o will_v have_v it_o a_o inbred_a quality_n from_o the_o beginning_n he_o vain_o go_v about_o to_o seek_v out_o the_o cause_n if_o the_o saltness_n be_v adventitious_a the_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v give_v but_o the_o cause_n give_v by_o he_o be_v not_o true_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o rather_o take_v away_o the_o saltness_n but_o to_o these_o objection_n of_o patricius_n spin_a out_o in_o many_o word_n we_o may_v answer_v two_o way_n either_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v mere_o adventitious_a breed_v by_o a_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o distil_v down_o again_o or_o else_o because_o this_o answer_n seem_v not_o whole_o to_o satisfy_v for_o as_o much_o as_o rainy_a water_n be_v seldom_o salt_n and_o if_o it_o be_v can_v hardly_o flow_v in_o so_o great_a quantity_n to_o feed_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o will_v answer_v second_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v radical_o or_o original_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v out_o and_o sensible_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o many_o sweet_a humour_n join_v with_o it_o without_o a_o separation_n first_o make_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n from_o the_o thick_a so_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o disponent_fw-la though_o not_o a_o productive_a cause_n of_o this_o saltness_n in_o the_o sea_n 2_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o some_o man_n in_o regard_n that_o among_o our_o geographer_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v make_v of_o mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o ice_n wherewith_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o from_o passage_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o the_o voyage_n of_o frobisher_n davis_n hudson_n and_o other_o late_a navigatour_n which_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o northwest_o passage_n we_o find_v such_o strange_a relation_n not_o only_o of_o sea_n close_v up_o with_o ice_n and_o hinder_v their_o passage_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o also_o of_o rock_n and_o land_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o incredible_a greatness_n the_o truth_n of_o these_o relation_n i_o no_o way_n disapprove_v but_o rather_o out_o of_o these_o testimony_n approve_v our_o former_a assertion_n that_o sea_n which_o be_v whole_o salt_n be_v never_o find_v to_o freeze_v for_o first_o whereas_o it_o be_v call_v mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la it_o may_v bear_v the_o nâ—me_n well_o enough_o from_o the_o multitude_n of_o ice_n float_v on_o the_o water_n or_o collect_v into_o a_o rock_n or_o island_n this_o ice_n as_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v be_v not_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o rather_o carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n run_v into_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o river_n be_v not_o always_o freeze_v but_o sometime_o by_o a_o remission_n of_o the_o cold_a be_v thaw_v and_o the_o piece_n break_v a_o sunder_o and_o float_a into_o the_o sea_n in_o it_o oft_o time_n meet_v in_o great_a heap_n which_o may_v be_v prove_v 1_o in_o that_o these_o great_a râ—cks_n of_o ice_n melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v dissolve_v into_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n gush_v down_o in_o great_a abundance_n wherewith_o sometime_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o have_v fraught_v their_o ship_n as_o we_o have_v testify_v by_o the_o forenamed_a navigatour_n 2_o because_o some_o part_n of_o the_o main_a sea_n situate_v perhaps_o more_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o cold_a climate_n suffer_v not_o this_o accident_n whereas_o place_n near_o the_o shore_n far_a south_n be_v almost_o always_o freeze_v the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n be_v common_o mix_v with_o fresh_a water_n convey_v in_o either_o by_o great_a river_n or_o infinite_a secret_a passage_n under_o ground_n which_o we_o see_v not_o the_o reason_n why_o that_o salt_n water_n exclude_v this_o propriety_n incident_a or_o the_o fresh_a i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o hot-spirit_n hide_v in_o the_o salt_n humour_n which_o be_v more_o fervent_a and_o operative_a than_o those_o of_o the_o fresh_a water_n 9_o so_o much_o for_o the_o saltness_n the_o next_o be_v the_o thickness_n whereof_o we_o will_v set_v down_o this_o short_a theorem_a 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v thick_a than_o other_o water_n this_o proposition_n have_v its_o light_n from_o the_o former_a because_o thickness_n of_o water_n be_v a_o companion_n of_o the_o saltness_n as_o depend_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n to_o wit_n the_o exhalation_n and_o extraction_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v many_o small_a cause_n give_v by_o patricius_n of_o this_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n fâ—â—st_o because_o the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v more_o strong_o hold_v together_o and_o not_o cover_v and_o overflow_v the_o firm_a land_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o error_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n and_o limit_n which_o opinion_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o reject_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o bear_v and_o carry_v ship_n and_o other_o great_a weight_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n three_o the_o water_n be_v thick_a may_v more_o easy_o be_v convert_v into_o salt_n out_o of_o which_o many_o saltish_a mineral_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v engender_v other_o cause_n be_v give_v by_o this_o author_n but_o less_o forceable_a which_o we_o will_v omit_v as_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o proper_a task_n it_o be_v to_o seek_v they_o out_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v in_o this_o chapter_n to_o treat_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o violent_a the_o natural_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v partly_o incident_a to_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o sea_n 2_o this_o again_o be_v twofold_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n be_v that_o which_o agree_v general_o to_o all_o or_o at_o least_o to_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n such_o as_o be_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n
have_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o all_o heavy_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o be_v a_o inclination_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o our_o former_a book_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o more_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v again_o twofold_a either_o the_o natural_a or_o the_o violent_a the_o natural_a howsoever_o requiâ—ing_v perhaps_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n be_v notwithstanding_o so_o call_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o chief_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o sea-water_n the_o violent_a be_v cause_v mere_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n move_v the_o ocean_n the_o natural_a motion_n we_o have_v again_o divide_v into_o general_n or_o special_a because_o the_o afflux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v general_a throughout_o the_o whole_a ocean_n some_o petty_a creek_n perchance_o except_v whereas_o the_o current_n which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v more_o special_a as_o agree_v not_o to_o all_o or_o most_o part_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o special_a place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v 1_o the_o sea_n twice_o every_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v precise_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n yet_o because_o few_o place_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o deserve_v the_o first_o &_o chief_a consideration_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n there_o be_v experience_n show_v but_o the_o search_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v observe_v one_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o all_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o so_o much_o as_o aristotle_n one_o of_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n be_v report_v to_o have_v stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o euripus_n and_o despair_v of_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n at_o length_n enforce_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o river_n which_o have_v before_o confound_v he_o wherefore_o it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o trace_v their_o step_n who_o have_v wade_v far_o into_o the_o search_n of_o this_o cause_n have_v very_o little_a hope_n to_o go_v further_o the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o stoic_n who_o suppose_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o be_v a_o great_a live_a creature_n compose_v of_o diverse_a element_n which_o enjoy_v both_o breath_n and_o life_n this_o live_a creature_n they_o imagine_v to_o have_v his_o nostril_n place_v in_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o by_o draw_v in_o and_o send_v forth_o breath_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v cause_v but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n or_o allegory_n then_o any_o conceit_n of_o a_o philosopher_n apollonius_n tianaeus_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o certain_a spirit_n eitherunder_o or_o above_o the_o water_n breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o paâ—ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o other_o six_o hour_n backward_o for_o the_o wind_n oftentimes_o blow_v many_o day_n the_o same_o way_n without_o cease_v yet_o be_v their_o not_o one_o only_o flow_v or_o one_o ebb_v in_o the_o sea_n 2._o the_o sun_n stir_v up_o sometime_o wind_n and_o sometime_o stir_v they_o not_o up_o but_o of_o a_o perpetual_a effect_n which_o be_v daily_o why_o will_v this_o philosopher_n give_v a_o cause_n mere_o violent_a and_o not_o quotidian_a which_o notwithstanding_o will_v have_v nothing_o violent_a to_o be_v perpetual_a if_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o move_v natural_o by_o other_o motion_n as_o the_o euripus_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v his_o death_n wherefore_o will_v he_o deny_v this_o motion_n to_o be_v natural_a seek_v out_o a_o external_a cause_n of_o this_o effect_n but_o all_o this_o while_n our_o platonic_a philosopher_n seem_v to_o fight_v with_o shadow_n for_o what_o judicious_a man_n can_v imagine_v so_o judicious_a and_o wise_a a_o philosopher_n as_o aristotle_n shall_v so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o paâ—t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v often_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o vastness_n seem_v but_o little_a but_o in_o straits_n &_o narrow_a place_n much_o more_o so_o that_o aristotle_n say_v caesalpinus_n will_v have_v that_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o usual_o happen_v to_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o begin_n once_o of_o their_o motion_n be_v incline_v sometime_o this_o way_n &_o sometime_o that_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o weight_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o shall_v overcome_v thewhole_n will_v incline_v thatway_o and_o will_v not_o riâ—e_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o against_o this_o opinion_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n caesalpinus_n not_o without_o good_a reason_n except_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o geographer_n no_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o side_n then_o another_o have_v once_o obtain_v his_o true_a place_n since_o according_a to_o aristotle_n own_o ground_n no_o violence_n câ—n_v be_v perpetual_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v another_o answer_n that_o no_o satisfactory_a reason_n can_v be_v allege_v why_o it_o shall_v always_o observe_v so_o true_a and_o just_a period_n of_o time_n in_o its_o motion_n since_o all_o river_n be_v sometime_o increase_v and_o other_o time_n diminish_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o weather_n wherefore_o the_o say_a author_n which_o impugn_v this_o opinion_n have_v frame_v another_o conceit_n ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o explain_v in_o this_o sort_n it_o agree_v â—o_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o altogether_o follow_v the_o motion_n
of_o the_o earth_n but_o shall_v in_o part_n be_v drive_v back_o and_o in_o part_n flow_v beside_o for_o since_o it_o be_v of_o a_o moist_a nature_n while_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v from_o the_o air_n about_o it_o the_o water_n iâ—_n somewhat_o leave_v behind_o as_o we_o may_v see_v in_o a_o small_a vessel_n which_o be_v moâ—e_n laâ—ge_v then_o deep_a for_o if_o it_o be_v move_v forward_o the_o water_n will_v leap_v back_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n &_o will_v oftentimes_o poise_v itself_o hither_o &_o thither_o seek_v a_o aequilibration_n when_o therefore_o the_o earth_n be_v a_o little_a carry_v forward_o &_o the_o water_n as_o it_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v out_o of_o his_o aequilibrium_fw-la or_o aquall_a poise_n it_o will_v run_v to_o the_o other_o part_n but_o beyond_o the_o true_a poise_n forth_o violence_n of_o the_o motion_n oppress_v into_o it_o in_o the_o beginning_n from_o thence_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o will_v tend_v again_o to_o the_o opposite_a part_n do_v this_o oftentimes_o seek_v a_o equal_a weight_n wherein_o it_o may_v rest_v so_o that_o if_o the_o earth_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n rest_v from_o her_o natural_a motion_n the_o water_n will_v also_o leave_v off_o the_o libration_n to_o and_o fro_o but_o because_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v imagine_v to_o be_v perpetual_a the_o libration_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v also_o per_fw-la petuall_a so_o far_o forth_o then_o that_o this_o motion_n be_v of_o the_o continent_n or_o earth_n it_o be_v only_o accidental_a in_o the_o water_n neither_o beside_o his_o proper_a nature_n neither_o according_a to_o nature_n but_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o water_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n move_v in_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v according_a to_o nature_n for_o it_o always_o seek_v the_o low_a place_n because_o it_o can_v equal_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n hence_o they_o give_v the_o reason_n why_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o perceive_v in_o lake_n and_o river_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o main_a ocean_n for_o since_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o very_o sensible_a it_o can_v be_v perceive_v but_o in_o a_o great_a mass_n of_o water_n the_o reason_n to_o confirm_v this_o opinion_n beside_o the_o refutation_n of_o other_o opinion_n be_v chief_o these_o two_o if_o the_o water_n by_o itself_o shall_v be_v move_v without_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v move_v either_o according_a to_o or_o against_o his_o nature_n but_o neither_o of_o they_o can_v be_v grant_v first_o if_o according_a to_o nature_n there_o will_v not_o be_v one_o only_a motion_n of_o one_o body_n according_a to_o nature_n but_o many_o which_o be_v deny_v by_o arâ—stotle_n if_o beside_o or_o against_o nature_n some_o violent_a motion_n will_v be_v perpetual_a which_o also_o seem_v absurd_a wherefore_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o sea_n shall_v move_v accidental_o for_o since_o the_o water_n be_v contain_v outward_o of_o the_o air_n internal_o of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o touch_v the_o water_n be_v of_o aristotle_n call_v stagnans_fw-la or_o stand_v still_o not_o flow_v as_o that_o which_o be_v above_o the_o earth_n but_o be_v only_o trouble_v various_o with_o wind_n this_o libration_n or_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o the_o wind_n or_o air_n wherefore_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o tide_n in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o it_o be_v â—ound_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o water_n swell_v high_a &_o great_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n then_o in_o other_o lesser_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o about_o great_a britain_n it_o mount_v sometime_o above_o 80_o cubit_n also_o it_o often_o ebb_v and_o flow_v in_o lesser_a current_n because_o the_o space_n of_o this_o libration_n be_v short_a and_o straâ—ghter_a or_o because_o beside_o the_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v which_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n partake_v from_o the_o ocean_n at_o hercules_n pillar_n they_o have_v a_o proper_a libration_n in_o their_o own_o channel_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o some_o narrow_a sea_n as_o in_o the_o euripus_n beside_o euboia_n the_o sea_n seven_o time_n a_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v whereof_o there_o can_v no_o sufficient_a reason_n be_v give_v from_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n or_o other_o cause_n whereto_o other_o philosopher_n ascribe_v this_o effect_n this_o opinion_n of_o caesalpinus_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a likelihood_n of_o reason_n and_o congruity_n with_o experience_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o most_o man_n i_o dare_v not_o warrant_v it_o otherwise_o then_o probable_a neither_o can_v it_o well_o stand_v with_o the_o ground_n of_o our_o magnetical_a philosopher_n because_o they_o affirm_v the_o whole_a sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n together_o with_o the_o air_n to_o move_v round_o with_o one_o uniform_a revolution_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o one_o shall_v not_o move_v to_o the_o opposite_a part_n or_o stay_v behind_o the_o other_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o here_o to_o do_v there_o be_v yet_o another_o opinion_n more_o common_o defend_v in_o the_o school_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o principal_a cause_n other_o again_o as_o they_o admit_v the_o moon_n to_o have_v her_o operation_n in_o this_o effect_n join_v other_o cause_n to_o it_o and_o indeed_o this_o seem_v more_o probable_a for_o there_o want_v not_o argument_n in_o patricius_n and_o other_o late_a writer_n to_o show_v that_o the_o moon_n can_v be_v the_o sole_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n first_o because_o this_o motion_n be_v not_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n lake_n and_o river_n whereupon_o nevertheless_o the_o moon_n have_v the_o like_a dominion_n but_o experience_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o beside_o fresh_a river_n it_o be_v manifest_a by_o observation_n of_o traveller_n that_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o hircâ—â—_n mantian_n and_o dead_a sea_n also_o in_o maotis_n palus_n in_o the_o pontic_a propontiâ—ke_v ligurian_a and_o narbon_n streyte_n neither_o in_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n moreover_o it_o be_v not_o observe_v in_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n neither_o can_v the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n excuse_v it_o because_o these_o sea_n be_v great_a and_o also_o for_o the_o most_o part_n within_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o therefore_o expose_v sometime_o to_o the_o perpendicular_a beam_n of_o the_o moon_n second_o if_o the_o moon_n shall_v by_o she_o own_o â—orce_n excite_v and_o move_v these_o waterâ—_n then_o will_v it_o move_v those_o sea_n which_o it_o do_v move_v altogether_o and_o not_o only_o in_o part_n the_o contrary_a whereof_o we_o may_v find_v first_o in_o the_o red_a sea_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_n ebb_n and_o flow_v but_o in_o the_o middle_n not_o at_o all_o moreover_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n ebb_v &_o flow_v as_o one_o sea_n on_o all_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n wherein_o it_o be_v in_o a_o sort_n divide_v and_o yet_o those_o sea_n with_o which_o it_o be_v join_v as_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o gallican_n sea_n feel_v not_o any_o such_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v object_v that_o if_o the_o moon_n be_v the_o only_a cause_n of_o this_o flâ—x_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n than_o those_o sea_n which_o be_v say_v in_o whole_a to_o move_v shall_v equal_o flow_v in_o height_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n because_o some_o flow_v high_o and_o some_o low_a as_o for_o example_n the_o adriatic_a sea_n in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n near_o venice_n swell_v near_o four_o foot_n in_o height_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o it_o not_o above_o two_o â—oote_n which_o increase_n be_v likewise_o observe_v in_o the_o aegean_a cretian_a ionian_a and_o cyprian_a sea_n also_o the_o syrian_a and_o egyptian_a even_o to_o portus_n ferinae_fw-la but_o from_o mons_fw-la pulcher_fw-la to_o the_o herculean_a streyte_n it_o increase_v above_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n but_o without_o these_o straits_n the_o same_o ocean_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o portugal_n and_o biscay_n and_o france_n the_o sea_n rise_v usual_o to_o 15_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o belgia_n and_o britain_n 18_o foot_n at_o the_o confine_n of_o bristol_n to_o 60_o and_o thence_o to_o the_o border_n of_o s._n michael_n to_o 60_o but_o at_o the_o coast_n of_o aethiopia_n near_o the_o atlantic_a shore_n it_o rise_v not_o high_a than_o in_o the_o adriatic_a sea_n but_o near_o the_o land_n
forth_o these_o vapour_n if_o the_o vapour_n keep_v under_o do_v raise_v the_o sea_n up_o or_o if_o the_o sea_n swell_v with_o these_o vapour_n in_o her_o womb_n how_o can_v she_o let_v they_o out_o 2_o how_o will_v he_o prove_v the_o sea_n natural_o to_o be_v hot_a since_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cold_a element_n three_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v but_o in_o half_o impart_v to_o the_o sea_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o sea_n proportional_o in_o half_a be_v stir_v up_o wherefore_o patricius_n and_o casman_n find_v neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o moon_n of_o itself_o to_o be_v a_o sole_a or_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n have_v join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o this_o causality_n and_o add_v beside_o other_o particular_a cause_n first_o say_v they_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o cause_n concur_v to_o that_o effect_n either_o universal_a and_o external_a or_o particular_a internal_a and_o next_o cause_n the_o universal_a cause_n be_v two_o to_o wit_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n say_v he_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o beam_n and_o light_n do_v conserve_v vivificate_a and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n the_o internal_a and_o original_a heat_n in_o all_o thing_n here_o below_o this_o heat_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o vivificate_v all_o thing_n be_v make_v fit_a for_o motion_n and_o be_v so_o accommodate_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o motion_n as_o if_o from_o a_o internal_a life_n they_o shall_v be_v promote_v to_o a_o external_a for_o as_o in_o the_o primary_n life_n of_o thing_n the_o motion_n and_o action_n be_v show_v in_o the_o essence_n in_o the_o secondary_a the_o action_n and_o motion_n outward_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o first_o and_o original_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n cherish_v &_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o external_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n drive_v the_o ocean_n and_o move_v it_o to_o action_n the_o moon_n also_o cherish_v preserve_v vivificate_n nourish_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o motion_n all_o these_o earthly_a humour_n and_o moisture_n and_o as_o she_o daily_o by_o hour_n behold_v the_o sun_n as_o her_o darling_n and_o by_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v big-bellied_a with_o lively_a seed_n so_o she_o behold_v her_o love_n the_o ocean_n day_n and_o night_n and_o fill_v the_o ocean_n with_o these_o seed_n which_o she_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o her_o motion_n without_o the_o diffusion_n of_o her_o light_n without_o the_o effusion_n of_o her_o influence_n &_o seed_n wherefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o all_o our_o humour_n and_o moisture_n shall_v be_v make_v fruitful_a conceive_v life_n bring_v forth_o bear_v fruit_n and_o be_v stir_v up_o to_o life_n and_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n through_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o ocean_n wherefore_o all_o low_a moisture_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moon_n notwithstanding_o all_o be_v not_o equal_o under_o her_o dominion_n since_o all_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o rarity_n or_o density_n or_o of_o the_o same_o heat_n reason_n all_o â—aged_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v any_o thing_n to_o sink_v into_o it_o so_o that_o for_o the_o crassitude_n of_o it_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a than_o other_o water_n and_o so_o more_o unapt_a for_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v record_v by_o some_o that_o in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o motion_n and_o so_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n no_o such_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o strange_a effect_n some_o ascribe_v to_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o water_n one_o of_o the_o causeâ—_n above_o name_v beget_v few_o and_o weak_a vapour_n and_o spirit_n which_o either_o straightway_o breath_n out_o or_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n this_o thinness_n be_v confirm_v to_o be_v in_o that_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o john_n barro_n out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr castro_n which_o find_v this_o water_n to_o be_v clear_a and_o like_a to_o crystal_n then_o that_o of_o other_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o clear_a perspicuity_n of_o it_o for_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o sea_n may_v the_o bottom_n plain_o be_v see_v four_o we_o read_v the_o like_a of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o never_o ebb_v or_o flow_v which_o bartholomew_n kackerman_n that_o countryman_n ascribe_v 1._o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n 2._o to_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o 3._o to_o the_o northern_a situation_n which_o cause_n i_o think_v he_o may_v well_o have_v spare_v consider_v that_o more_o northern_a sea_n then_o that_o both_o ebb_n and_o flow_v five_o it_o be_v report_v of_o maotis_n pontus_n and_o proppotis_n that_o they_o flow_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o never_o ebb_v for_o maotis_n flow_v into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o low_a and_o the_o pontic_a into_o the_o propontick_a &_o aegean_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o return_v not_o back_o again_o but_o beside_o this_o cause_n of_o this_o declinity_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v fresh_a than_o that_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o first_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o and_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n for_o maotis_n palus_n beside_o other_o partake_v of_o tanais_n into_o pontus_n fall_n according_a to_o arcanus_fw-la report_n about_o 52_o fresh_a river_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v ister_n hispanis_n boristhenes_n tanais_n phasis_n all_o great_a current_n second_o the_o forename_a fish_n which_o delight_n in_o fresh_a spring_n be_v here_o also_o find_v in_o abundance_n beside_o this_o freshness_n if_o we_o believe_v ancient_a writer_n as_o pliny_n and_o other_o it_o be_v a_o sea_n of_o extraordinary_a depth_n so_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v call_v negrepont_n or_o the_o blacke-sea_n which_o blackness_n be_v by_o some_o think_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o wherein_o in_o many_o place_n they_o can_v sound_v no_o bottom_n six_o it_o be_v testify_v of_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o narbon_n sea_n that_o they_o suffer_v not_o this_o motion_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v only_o ascribe_v to_o the_o extreme_a depth_n for_o few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v disburden_v into_o it_o except_o rhodanus_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v why_o this_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o although_o many_o be_v think_v on_o be_v chief_o reduce_v either_o to_o the_o excess_n of_o saltness_n in_o the_o water_n or_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n into_o which_o from_o a_o open_a place_n the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v disburden_v or_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n all_o which_o either_o concur_v together_o or_o take_v by_o themselves_o apart_o may_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o in_o one_o place_v they_o another_o which_o may_v as_o the_o former_a be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n four_o sea_n be_v more_o particular_o note_v to_o flow_v and_o swell_v high_o than_o other_o the_o first_o be_v that_o compass_v about_o europe_n from_o hercules_n pillar_n which_o according_a to_o diverse_a shore_n take_v diverse_a name_n as_o the_o portugal_n cantabrian_n gallican_n belgic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o in_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v be_v the_o second_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o cambaia_n and_o india_n the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o compass_v about_o taprobana_n for_o the_o three_o last_o the_o cause_n fore-specified_n seem_v manifest_o to_o concur_v for_o taprobana_n be_v report_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v a_o shore_n not_o above_o six_o pace_n deep_a and_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v green_a and_o overgrow_v with_o weed_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weed_n fret_v their_o ship_n and_o late_a writer_n report_v that_o the_o land_n be_v know_v to_o augment_v the_o confine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n so_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o some_o sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o channel_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v it_o follow_v that_o other_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o of_o contrary_a â—_z proceed_v ordinary_o contrary_a effect_n moreover_o it_o
stand_v with_o experience_n that_o in_o any_o water_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o flood_n be_v stop_v and_o hinder_v by_o quicksand_n it_o return_v with_o great_a force_n as_o it_o be_v enrage_v and_o swelâ—_n so_o much_o the_o high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n it_o be_v liâ—ted_v up_o so_o high_a because_o the_o shore_n be_v so_o shallow_a and_o so_o short_a and_o expose_v to_o impediment_n that_o in_o the_o ebb_n the_o sea_n â—â—ns_v back_o many_o mile_n &_o leave_v the_o sandâ—_n uncover_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o return_v with_o great_a violence_n this_o also_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indian_a sea_n and_o near_o panama_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n where_o the_o sea_n run_v back_o for_o two_o league_n certain_a land_n and_o land_n be_v leave_v naked_a so_o that_o in_o these_o three_o sea_n here_o name_v the_o sea_n seem_v to_o enlarge_v its_o limit_n in_o breadth_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n to_o which_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o effect_n for_o the_o sea_n about_o europe_n we_o may_v pronounce_v also_o that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o have_v short_a &_o shallow_a shore_n as_o may_v easy_o appear_v in_o the_o confine_n of_o belgia_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v of_o the_o english_a shore_n that_o they_o swell_v very_o high_a albeit_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v find_v to_o be_v 144_o foot_n here_o must_v we_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o other_o cause_n the_o flow_a of_o a_o large_a &_o wide_a sea_n into_o a_o narrow_a channel_n for_o the_o large_a torrent_n of_o water_n run_v swift_o into_o a_o narrow_a channel_n be_v hinder_v on_o both_o side_n by_o the_o shore_n from_o spread_v itself_o in_o breadth_n be_v enforce_v to_o swell_v in_o height_n so_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o violence_n of_o a_o greâ—t_a current_n enbosome_a itself_o into_o a_o streite_z channel_n which_o may_v more_o evident_o show_v itself_o in_o 3_o instance_n for_o in_o the_o streite_z channel_n of_o zealand_n and_o holland_n it_o be_v lift_v up_o about_o three_o foot_n at_o bristol_n in_o england_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n run_v from_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o more_o narrow_a channel_n and_o second_v by_o the_o main_a ocean_n at_o the_o back_n it_o swell_v to_o the_o height_n of_o 60_o foot_n in_o the_o armorean_a sea_n where_o large_a sea_n be_v empty_v into_o more_o narrow_a streite_n then_o the_o former_a it_o increase_v to_o 90_o foot_n out_o of_o which_o experiment_n may_v we_o plain_o collect_v that_o to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n beside_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o water_n two_o other_o cause_n be_v concur_v to_o wit_n the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n and_o the_o streitnesse_n of_o the_o channel_n wherein_o a_o great_a and_o large_a sea_n be_v to_o be_v exonerate_v this_o may_v last_o be_v far_a illustrate_v from_o the_o disparity_n of_o these_o sea_n with_o other_o for_o in_o the_o adriaticke_n egaan_n jonian_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o african_a seaâ—_n the_o sea_n seldom_o swell_v to_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n whereof_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o well_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o equality_n of_o thâ—_n shore_n for_o as_o the_o depth_n be_v a_o cause_n that_o sometime_o it_o flow_v not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o inequality_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o it_o flow_v high_a so_o a_o mean_a height_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o a_o more_o equal_a figuration_n of_o the_o coast_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o a_o indifferent_a work_n of_o the_o water_n hitherto_o we_o have_v show_v the_o variety_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n we_o be_v next_o to_o speak_v something_o concern_v the_o variation_n of_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n which_o though_o it_o proper_o appertain_v not_o to_o geography_n yet_o be_o i_o loath_a to_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o the_o discourse_n be_v pleasant_a concern_v which_o point_n the_o mariner_n make_v six_o degree_n of_o change_n in_o the_o tide_n according_a to_o the_o time_n first_o diurnal_a whereof_o we_o speak_v in_o this_o discourse_n the_o second_o hebdomedary_n or_o weekly_o which_o possidonius_fw-la call_v monthly_o or_o weekly_o because_o it_o be_v distinguish_v by_o several_a week_n of_o a_o month_n but_o tarry_v not_o till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o month_n for_o it_o be_v find_v by_o experience_n of_o navigatour_n that_o a_o day_n before_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o day_n of_o conjunction_n and_o a_o day_n afterward_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o main_a ocean_n have_v their_o great_a flow_v and_o ebb_v be_v lift_v high_a and_o lay_v low_a down_o and_o then_o the_o tide_n be_v most_o swift_a the_o four_o day_n from_o the_o conjunction_n the_o tide_n be_v less_o and_o less_o swift_a the_o five_o yet_o less_o then_o then_o the_o former_a and_o the_o six_o day_n less_o than_o the_o five_o but_o in_o the_o seven_o day_n which_o be_v a_o day_n before_o the_o quarter_n and_o in_o the_o eight_o follow_v wherein_o it_o be_v halfe-faced_n and_o in_o the_o nine_o which_o be_v a_o day_n after_o the_o quarter_n the_o sea_n be_v as_o it_o be_v dead_a not_o much_o stir_v neither_o much_o ebb_a or_o much_o flow_n which_o be_v as_o it_o seem_v only_o observe_v by_o pliny_n in_o the_o euboian_a euripus_n but_o whether_o it_o so_o happen_v elsewhere_o i_o leave_v to_o man_n experience_v in_o these_o matter_n this_o motion_n as_o it_o do_v increase_v according_a to_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o it_o be_v say_v proportional_o to_o decrease_v again_o the_o three_o motion_n be_v monthly_a which_o seem_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conjunction_n wherein_o the_o sea-tide_n be_v high_a and_o swift_a the_o four_o be_v call_v motus_fw-la semestris_fw-la or_o six-month_o happen_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a differ_v one_o from_o the_o other_o like_o month_n the_o five_o be_v call_v trimestris_fw-la because_o it_o happen_v only_o in_o three_o month_n distance_n the_o last_o be_v annual_a which_o patricius_n witness_v that_o himself_o see_v in_o liburnia_n in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n these_o motion_n i_o careless_o pass_v over_o because_o the_o distinction_n seem_v to_o i_o full_a of_o uncertainty_n and_o sâ—arce_o warrant_v and_o such_o experiment_n as_o be_v bring_v for_o the_o proof_n of_o it_o concern_v rather_o particular_a place_n than_o the_o general_a nature_n of_o the_o sea_n 3_o hitherto_o of_o the_o general_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o special_a be_v that_o which_o be_v observe_v in_o some_o special_a place_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o contrariwise_o it_o have_v be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n among_o philosopher_n of_o this_o late_a age_n that_o the_o sea_n by_o the_o rapture_n of_o the_o 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next_o winter_n whence_o come_v a_o new_a supply_n of_o more_o rain_n these_o river_n say_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n decrease_v and_o sometime_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o wâ—ter_n when_o the_o place_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o receive_v sufficient_a water_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n this_o opinion_n seem_v ground_v on_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v great_a and_o large_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n second_o because_o where_o there_o be_v less_o rain_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v see_v as_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o africa_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v find_v but_o in_o germany_n france_n britain_n and_o italy_n many_o river_n show_v themselves_o because_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o much_o fall_n of_o rain_n three_o among_o we_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n they_o be_v much_o decrease_v from_o 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much_o rain_n and_o shall_v nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n the_o second_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o think_v that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o conceit_n have_v be_v strong_o fortify_v by_o many_o father_n of_o the_o church_n and_o grave_a divine_n of_o late_a time_n which_o opinion_n be_v chief_o ground_v upon_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o most_o incredible_a matter_n that_o so_o much_o vaporous_a matter_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n to_o feed_v such_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n second_o if_o all_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o so_o many_o river_n daily_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n shall_v not_o increase_v but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n three_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o urge_v the_o place_n of_o eccles._n 1_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o come_v they_o return_v that_o they_o may_v flow_v again_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a &_o low_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v shall_v ascend_v into_o high_a mountain_n out_o of_o which_o we_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n oftentimes_o to_o arise_v for_o either_o it_o must_v ascend_v natural_o or_o by_o violence_n not_o natural_o for_o the_o foresay_a cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n if_o violent_o they_o must_v assign_v some_o external_a agent_n which_o enforce_v it_o to_o this_o violence_n this_o difficulty_n diverse_a author_n have_v labour_v diverse_a way_n to_o salve_v some_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v theodoret_n have_v flee_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n in_o god_n providence_n as_o though_o the_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n heavy_a shall_v be_v notwithstanding_o enforce_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o although_o we_o can_v deny_v god_n miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a work_n in_o some_o thing_n yet_o all_o man_n have_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o strange_a it_o be_v to_o imagine_v that_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n other_o as_o basill_n have_v think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v drive_v upward_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a â—_z enclose_v in_o it_o mare_n as_o he_o say_v fluitans_fw-la &_o permeans_fw-la per_fw-la cuniculos_fw-la fistularet_n &_o angustos_fw-la â—ox_fw-la ubi_fw-la obliquis_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la recta_fw-la in_o sublime_a surrectis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la se_fw-la occupatum_fw-la deprehenderit_fw-la ab_fw-la agitante_fw-la compulsum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la superficie_fw-la terrâ—_n vi_fw-la disrupta_fw-la erumpit_fw-la atque_fw-la for_o as_o emicat_fw-la the_o same_o opinion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o plato_n in_o phedone_n and_o pliny_n 2_o book_n .65_o chap._n quo_fw-la inquit_fw-la spiritu_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o terrâ—_n pondere_fw-la expressa_fw-la siphonum_fw-la modo_fw-la eâ—â—cat_fw-la tantâ—que_fw-la a_o periculo_fw-la decidendi_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la quoque_fw-la et_fw-la â—â—tissima_fw-la exiliat_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quare_fw-la tot_fw-la fâ—uâ—inum_fw-la quotidiâ—nâ—_n accessu_fw-la maria_fw-la non_fw-la crescant_fw-la but_o this_o exposition_n will_v hardly_o satisfy_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o search_v far_o than_o obscurity_n of_o word_n for_o first_o by_o admit_v spirit_n as_o mover_n of_o the_o water_n they_o seem_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o platonic_a opinion_n before_o examine_v of_o we_o concern_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-water_n second_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o spirit_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v this_o motion_n be_v natural_a agent_n or_o supernatural_a or_o violent_a they_o can_v be_v natural_a agent_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o drive_v and_o enforce_v the_o water_n against_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o by_o nature_n as_o all_o man_n know_v it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v whereas_o here_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o spirit_n they_o can_v be_v violent_a agent_n because_o they_o be_v perpetual_a whereas_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a thomas_n aquinas_n be_v desirous_a to_o show_v how_o much_o fountain_n can_v ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea-water_n vary_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o former_a and_o imagine_v that_o the_o fountain_n and_o river-water_n be_v draw_v upward_o through_o the_o force_n of_o celestial_a body_n for_o the_o common_a good_a
to_o wit_n that_o it_o may_v water_v aswell_o the_o metal_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o give_v moisture_n and_o nourishment_n to_o plant_n and_o live_a creature_n dwell_v thereon_o and_o this_o motion_n say_v he_o although_o it_o be_v against_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o the_o water_n be_v not_o altogether_o violent_a because_o elementary_a body_n be_v bind_v by_o a_o certain_a law_n to_o obey_v and_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o heavenly_a so_o that_o motion_v impress_v by_o they_o be_v not_o enforce_v on_o they_o by_o violence_n for_o albeit_o in_o some_o sort_n it_o thwart_v the_o physical_a disposition_n yet_o have_v all_o creature_n a_o obâ—dientiall_a aptness_n as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o superior_a but_o this_o opinion_n of_o thomas_n aquinas_n in_o my_o conceit_n seem_v less_o sound_a than_o the_o former_a for_o first_o thomas_n have_v no_o need_n at_o all_o of_o these_o shift_n hold_v some_o of_o his_o other_o ground_n for_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sâ—a_n and_o land_n one_o with_o the_o other_o he_o firm_o maintain_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o be_v bound_v and_o restrain_v from_o overflow_a the_o dry_a land_n by_o the_o immediate_a power_n of_o the_o creator_n if_o this_o be_v grant_v what_o need_v there_o any_o ascent_n or_o draw_v up_o of_o the_o water_n by_o any_o external_a power_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n since_o the_o remit_v of_o this_o restraint_n of_o waterâ—_n in_o some_o place_n be_v sufficient_a to_o cause_v such_o spring_n and_o river_n in_o the_o earth_n second_o his_o opinion_n can_v stand_v without_o manifest_a contradiction_n of_o himself_o for_o how_o can_v the_o water_n be_v of_o his_o own_o nature_n heavy_a be_v draw_v upward_o without_o violence_n and_o thwart_a of_o nature_n and_o whereas_o he_o allege_n for_o himself_o a_o obedientiall_a aptness_n in_o the_o elementary_a body_n to_o obey_v the_o superior_a he_o shall_v find_v very_o little_a help_n to_o maintain_v his_o part_n for_o this_o obedientiall_a inclination_n must_v be_v either_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n or_o opposite_a unto_o it_o or_o at_o least_o the_o one_o must_v be_v sudordinate_a unto_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n he_o himself_o disclaim_v and_o experience_n refute_v because_o it_o natural_o descend_v not_o ascend_v if_o it_o be_v opposite_a as_o indeed_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v he_o contradict_v himself_o if_o the_o physical_a and_o obedientiall_a inclination_n be_v subordinate_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o i_o urge_v that_o subordinate_a cause_n can_v produce_v no_o other_o than_o subordinate_a effect_n for_o asmuch_o as_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o effect_n be_v measure_v and_o proportion_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o but_o we_o plain_o see_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o ascent_n or_o descent_n be_v diametral_o oppose_v and_o contrary_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o so_o that_o they_o can_v otherwise_o proceed_v then_o from_o opposite_a and_o contrary_a cause_n second_o this_o obedientiall_a aptness_n be_v common_o understand_v of_o a_o creature_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o creator_n in_o who_o hand_n it_o be_v as_o to_o create_v all_o thing_n of_o nothing_o so_o to_o reduce_v all_o thing_n again_o into_o nothing_o but_o this_o although_o it_o be_v above_o nature_n yet_o no_o way_n contradict_v nature_n and_o easy_o it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o creator_n shall_v annihilate_v any_o creature_n then_o let_v it_o remain_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n give_v it_o a_o motion_n against_o nature_n moreover_o 〈◊〉_d we_o due_o consider_v nature_n in_o her_o course_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o low_a &_o elemental_a body_n only_o concur_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o one_o another_o by_o follow_v their_o own_o private_a inclination_n for_o the_o whole_a be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o orderly_a consent_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n from_o who_o mutual_a cooperation_n it_o receive_v his_o perfection_n so_o that_o where_o any_o part_n fail_v in_o his_o own_o office_n the_o whole_a must_v needs_o sustain_v damage_n three_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v resolve_v by_o any_o of_o this_o opinion_n by_o what_o mean_n or_o instrument_n the_o heavenly_a or_o superior_a body_n can_v have_v such_o a_o operative_a power_n over_o the_o water_n as_o to_o lift_v it_o upward_o from_o his_o own_o centre_n for_o neither_o can_v this_o thing_n be_v perform_v by_o motion_n height_n or_o any_o influence_n which_o be_v the_o three_o mean_n of_o operation_n of_o celestial_a body_n on_o elementary_a i_o will_v not_o stand_v to_o prove_v every_o particular_a in_o this_o matter_n but_o only_o will_v have_v my_o adversary_n to_o answer_v and_o give_v a_o instance_n and_o speciality_n another_o opinion_n there_o be_v of_o aristotle_n follow_v by_o all_o peripatetic_n who_o in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o meteor_n and_o 13_o chapter_n go_v about_o to_o prove_v and_o maintain_v that_o all_o spring_n and_o well_n in_o the_o land_n be_v produce_v and_o generate_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o any_o vapour_n resolve_v into_o water_n which_o opinion_n he_o labour_v â—o_o strengthen_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v certain_a say_v he_o that_o the_o earth_n have_v within_o it_o much_o air_n because_o nature_n will_v nowhere_o admit_v a_o vacuity_n but_o the_o earth_n have_v not_o only_o many_o open_a but_o a_o great_a many_o secret_a hole_n and_o concavity_n which_o can_v otherwise_o be_v fill_v then_o with_o air_n moreover_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o other_o vapour_n therein_o contain_v and_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o star_n be_v convert_v into_o air_n and_o that_o aswell_o the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o vapour_n there_o also_o breed_v be_v perpetual_o convert_v into_o water_n this_o reason_n may_v seem_v to_o persuade_v because_o it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o earth_n expel_v their_o heat_n they_o shall_v harden_v &_o condensate_a &_o be_v dispose_v at_o last_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n whence_o also_o the_o cause_n 〈◊〉_d give_v of_o the_o generation_n of_o water_n in_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n although_o it_o be_v not_o always_o thence_o breed_v aswell_o for_o other_o cause_n as_o for_o that_o the_o air_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v sometime_o too_o hot_a and_o the_o vapour_n be_v too_o much_o attenuate_v and_o ratify_v so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o rain_n can_v be_v always_o supply_v this_o will_v aristotle_n have_v to_o be_v the_o original_n of_o all_o spring_n and_o fountain_n so_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v first_o distil_v as_o it_o be_v drop_n by_o drop_n out_o of_o this_o vapourous_a matter_n and_o this_o moist_a matter_n so_o collect_v and_o draw_v together_o shall_v afterwards_o break_v forth_o out_o of_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o cause_v such_o fountain_n some_o reason_n be_v also_o produce_v to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n for_o say_v the_o author_n of_o this_o opinion_n if_o the_o spring_n and_o riverâ—_n shall_v proceed_v from_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o they_o shall_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o rainwater_n which_o be_v before_o refute_v or_o from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a passage_n which_o opinion_n seem_v too_o weak_a to_o endure_v examination_n first_o this_o seem_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v common_o salt_n but_o the_o water_n of_o spring_n and_o rivers_n be_v for_o the_o most_o sweet_a and_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o such_o spring_n be_v not_o derive_v from_o the_o sea_n second_o because_o we_o never_o find_v the_o sea_n to_o be_v empty_v which_o must_v needs_o be_v if_o it_o shall_v give_v beginning_n to_o all_o such_o current_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n three_o we_o have_v already_o show_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v conceive_v how_o river_n shall_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n to_o this_o opinion_n howsoever_o seem_v probable_a and_o support_v with_o the_o name_n and_o authority_n of_o so_o great_a a_o philosopher_n i_o dare_v not_o whole_o assent_v forasmuch_o as_o it_o thwart_v the_o testimony_n of_o holy_a scripture_n and_o can_v otherwise_o stand_v with_o reason_n because_o it_o can_v well_o be_v imagine_v how_o so_o many_o vapour_n and_o so_o continual_o shall_v be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n as_o we_o see_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n for_o a_o very_a great_a quantity_n or_o portion_n of_o aire_n be_v condensated_a and_o make_v water_n will_v become_v but_o as_o a_o little_a drop_n the_o air_n according_a
albertus_n magnus_n who_o in_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o great_a conjunction_n of_o albumazar_n observe_v that_o before_o noah_n flood_n chance_v a_o conjunction_n of_o jupiter_n and_o saturn_n in_o the_o last_o degree_n of_o cancer_n against_o the_o constellation_n since_o term_v argo_n ship_n out_o of_o which_o he_o will_v needs_o collect_v that_o the_o flood_n of_o noah_n may_v have_v be_v foreshown_a because_o cancer_n be_v a_o watery_a sign_n and_o the_o house_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v mistress_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o moist_a body_n according_a to_o astrology_n which_o opinion_n be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o petrus_n de_fw-it alliaco_fw-it who_o affirm_v in_o his_o comment_n upon_o genesis_n that_o although_o noah_n do_v well_o know_v this_o flood_n by_o divine_a revelation_n yet_o this_o conjunction_n be_v so_o notable_a he_o can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o for_o those_o be_v not_o only_a sign_n but_o also_o apparent_a cause_n by_o virtue_n receive_v from_o the_o first_o cause_n which_o be_v god_n himself_o further_o to_o confirm_v this_o assertion_n he_o will_v have_v moses_n by_o the_o cataract_n of_o heaven_n to_o have_v mean_v the_o the_o great_a &_o watery_a conjunction_n of_o the_o planet_n a_o reason_n whereof_o he_o seem_v to_o allege_v because_o it_o be_v likely_a that_o god_n will_v show_v some_o sign_n in_o the_o heaven_n by_o which_o all_o man_n may_v be_v warn_v to_o forsake_v their_o wicked_a course_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o curious_a opinion_n i_o rather_o cleave_v to_o those_o which_o think_v this_o deluge_n to_o be_v mere_o supernatural_a which_o i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v for_o diverse_a cause_n urge_v by_o worthy_a writer_n first_o because_o this_o be_v set_v down_o in_o holy_a scripture_n for_o a_o chief_a token_n or_o mark_n of_o noah_n extraordinary_a faith_n &_o dependence_n upon_o god_n promise_n which_o have_v be_v much_o diminish_v and_o of_o small_a moment_n have_v it_o any_o way_n be_v ground_v on_o the_o foresight_n of_o second_o cause_n for_o this_o be_v no_o more_o than_o may_v have_v be_v discover_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o wicked_a worldling_n who_o no_o doubt_n will_v in_o some_o sort_n have_v provide_v for_o their_o safety_n have_v they_o receive_v any_o firm_a persuasion_n of_o this_o dreadful_a deluge_n to_o which_o other_o add_v a_o second_o reason_n that_o second_o cause_n of_o themselves_o without_o any_o change_n or_o alteration_n be_v not_o able_a to_o produce_v such_o a_o admirable_a effect_n as_o the_o drown_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n for_o it_o be_v not_o convenient_a say_v they_o that_o god_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n shall_v so_o dispose_v and_o direct_v the_o second_o cause_n that_o they_o may_v of_o themselves_o be_v able_a to_o invert_v the_o order_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o overwhelm_v the_o whole_a earth_n which_o he_o give_v man_n for_o his_o habitation_n but_o this_o reason_n be_v think_v very_o weak_a for_o as_o much_o as_o 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a_o alteration_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o several_a transplantation_n second_o in_o the_o mixture_n of_o colony_n both_o which_o we_o will_v show_v in_o these_o theorem_n 1_o colony_n transplant_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_o remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n all_o mutation_n require_v a_o certain_a distance_n of_o time_n sith_o no_o motion_n according_a to_o aristotle_n be_v in_o a_o instant_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o small_a time_n can_v alter_v the_o natural_a complexion_n of_o man_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o child_n for_o the_o most_o part_n derive_v their_o nature_n from_o their_o parent_n and_o every_o man_n constitution_n be_v common_o radical_o ground_v and_o not_o easy_o subject_a to_o external_a change_n thus_o we_o see_v the_o child_n of_o blackmore_n be_v transplant_v into_o europe_n for_o diverse_a descent_n to_o
many_o mile_n such_o place_n be_v distant_a one_o from_o the_o other_o for_o a_o example_n we_o will_v take_v the_o city_n seville_a on_o the_o southmost_a part_n of_o spain_n and_o bilbao_n on_o the_o north-side_n the_o space_n betwixt_o those_o place_n be_v take_v with_o a_o thread_n or_o a_o compass_n and_o apply_v to_o one_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n will_v contain_v about_o 6_o degree_n which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o so_o convert_v into_o italian-mile_n will_v produce_v 360_o and_o so_o many_o mile_n those_o city_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v distant_a the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n geographie_n the_o second_o book_n contain_v the_o general_a topical_a part_n thereof_o by_o nathanael_n carpenter_n fellow_n of_o exeter_n college_n in_o oxford_n genes_n 1._o vers_fw-la 10._o and_o god_n call_v the_o dry-land_n earth_n and_o the_o gather_v together_o of_o the_o water_n call_v the_o sea_n and_o god_n see_v that_o it_o be_v good_a oxford_z print_v by_o john_n lichfield_n for_o henry_n cripps_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o henry_n curteyne_a anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n dc_o xxxv_o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a philip_n earl_n of_o mountgomerie_n etc._n etc._n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o steward_z of_o the_o famous_a university_n of_o oxford_n right_o honourable_a this_o geographical_a treatise_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n be_v in_o the_o very_a birth_n in_o such_o sort_n consecrate_v to_o your_o inestimable_a brother_n as_o notwithstanding_o it_o so_o far_o reserve_v itself_o to_o await_v your_o honour_n favour_n that_o both_o may_v seem_v as_o to_o share_v a_o part_n so_o to_o challenge_v the_o whole_a in_o my_o poor_a industry_n the_o soul_n of_o man_n which_o some_o philosopher_n imagine_v to_o be_v all_o in_o all_o &_o all_o in_o every_o part_n seem_v to_o i_o no_o where_o better_o resemble_v then_o in_o your_o generous_a fraternity_n wherein_o the_o soul_n of_o heroical_a magnificence_n though_o individed_a in_o itself_o so_o entire_o communicate_v herself_o to_o either_o that_o both_o may_v seem_v at_o once_o to_o enjoy_v her_o presence_n while_o neither_o want_n if_o this_o my_o bold_a attempt_n in_o present_v to_o your_o honour_n hand_n these_o unworthy_a labour_n without_o any_o former_a reference_n may_v be_v interpret_v intrusion_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o ingenuity_n to_o pretend_v that_o your_o generous_a love_n unto_o our_o poor_a college_n and_o the_o respective_a duty_n wherein_o the_o college_n always_o stand_v oblige_v unto_o your_o honour_n command_v my_o pen_n beyond_o manner_n or_o ability_n your_o affection_n to_o our_o house_n can_v no_o way_n express_v itself_o ample_a than_o by_o trust_v our_o custody_n with_o the_o charge_n of_o your_o choice_a jewel_n d._n a_o gentleman_n of_o that_o towardly_a wit_n and_o sweet_a disposition_n that_o learning_n and_o morality_n common_o repute_v the_o daughter_n of_o time_n seem_v in_o he_o scarce_o behold_v to_o year_n and_o to_o challenge_v a_o precedency_n before_o experience_n in_o so_o much_o that_o our_o ancient_a mother_n mark_v out_o with_o all_o the_o character_n of_o age_n and_o decline_a weakness_n cherish_v in_o her_o bosom_n this_o young_a darling_n seem_v to_o resume_v her_o youthful_a habit_n and_o triumph_v over_o time_n and_o ruin_n this_o happiness_n among_o diverse_a other_o vouchsafe_v by_o your_o honour_n to_o the_o place_n for_o who_o good_a opinion_n the_o best_a part_n of_o my_o endeavour_n stand_v engage_v have_v encourage_v my_o hope_n to_o promise_v i_o your_o indulgent_a acceptance_n of_o this_o slender_a piece_n long_o since_o intend_v and_o devote_a as_o myself_o unto_o your_o service_n in_o which_o confidence_n fear_v any_o long_o to_o trespass_n on_o your_o serious_a and_o high_a employment_n indebt_v to_o your_o king_n and_o country_n i_o humble_o rest_v your_o honour_n in_o all_o duty_n and_o service_n to_o be_v command_v nathanael_n carpenter_n a_o table_n of_o the_o several_a content_n of_o the_o second_o book_n of_o geography_n according_a to_o the_o special_a theorem_a chap._n i._o of_o topography_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o place_n 1_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n be_v everywhere_a habitable_a pag._n 4_o 2_o all_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v suffer_v manifold_a mutation_n and_o change_n as_o well_o in_o name_n as_o nature_n pag._n 6_o 3_o place_n have_v long_o continue_v without_o habitation_n be_v seldom_o so_o healthy_a and_o fit_a for_o dwell_v as_o those_o which_o have_v be_v in_o habit_v 11_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o general_a adjunct_n of_o place_n 1_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o measure_v the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o region_n by_o the_o diameter_n both_o according_a to_o breadth_n and_o length_n 15_o 2_o of_o the_o measure_n of_o a_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n of_o it_o 17_o 3_o the_o measure_v of_o a_o country_n by_o the_o circuit_n be_v deceitful_a and_o subject_a to_o great_a error_n 17_o 4_o those_o region_n be_v more_o exact_o measure_v which_o partake_v of_o a_o plain_a surface_n 19_o 5_o how_o country_n be_v bound_v 20_o 6_o natural_a bound_n be_v more_o certain_a than_o artificial_a ibid._n 7_o equal_a bound_n contain_v not_o always_o equal_a region_n 21_o 8_o of_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o region_n ibid._n 9_o special_a place_n be_v endow_v with_o special_a temper_n and_o disposition_n 21_o 10_o of_o the_o magnetical_a affection_n of_o a_o place_n as_o variation_n and_o declination_n 26_o 11_o the_o magnetical_a variation_n be_v of_o no_o use_n for_o the_o first_o find_v out_o of_o the_o longitude_n yet_o may_v it_o serve_v to_o good_a purpose_n for_o the_o recognition_n of_o a_o place_n before_o discover_v 27_o 12_o the_o declination_n of_o a_o place_n be_v know_v the_o latitude_n may_v be_v find_v yet_o not_o without_o some_o error_n 29_o 13_o of_o the_o external_a adjunct_n of_o the_o air_n belong_v to_o a_o place_n ibid._n 14_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o air_n adjacent_a to_o a_o place_n depend_v chief_o on_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o soil_n 30_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o adjunct_n of_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n 1_o place_n according_a to_o their_o diverse_a situation_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v diverse_o affect_v in_o quality_n and_o constitution_n 34_o 2_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n 38_o 3_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_v general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n 39_o 4_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v the_o masculine_a the_o southern_a the_o feminine_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n 40_o 5_o of_o the_o diverse_a section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n and_o the_o several_a quality_n belong_v to_o they_o 43_o 6_o of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n hemisphere_n 51_o 7_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n be_v happy_a than_o the_o other_o 52_o 8_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n can_v work_v any_o difference_n in_o two_o place_n by_o any_o diversity_n of_o the_o heaven_n 53_o 9_o of_o the_o subdivision_n of_o the_o eastern_a and_o western_a hemisphere_n 54_o 10_o place_n situate_v towards_o the_o east_n in_o the_o same_o latitude_n be_v better_o than_o those_o place_n towards_o the_o west_n ibid._n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o description_n of_o region_n 1_o of_o the_o find_n out_o of_o the_o angle_n of_o position_n by_o some_o dioptricke_a instrument_n at_o two_o or_o more_o station_n 57_o 2_o at_o one_o station_n by_o opticall_a observation_n to_o find_v out_o the_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o other_o 59_o 3_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o translation_n of_o region_n into_o the_o chart._n 61_o 4_o to_o set_v down_o the_o meridian_n and_o parallel_n in_o a_o particular_a chart._n 62_o 5_o how_o to_o set_v down_o city_n castle_n mountain_n river_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o chart._n 64_o 6_o of_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n in_o the_o chart._n 65_o 7_o the_o use_n of_o the_o scale_n of_o mile_n set_v down_o in_o the_o chart._n ibid._n chap._n v._o of_o hydrography_n and_o the_o absolute_a adjunct_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o figure_n and_o quality_n 1_o although_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o water_n be_v spherical_a yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o part_n of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o conicall_a figure_n 70_o 2_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n 75_o 3_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v 79_o 4_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v thick_a than_o the_o other_o water_n 80_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o of_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o 82_o 2_o all_o sâ—aâ—_n do_v not_o ebb_v and_o flow_v alike_o nor_o the_o same_o at_o all_o time_n
92_o 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n &_o contrariwise_o 98_o 4_o of_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o wind_n 101_o 5_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n 102_o 6_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n 103_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n &_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n 104_o 2_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_a 109_o 3_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o 111_o 4_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry-land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a 115_o 5_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o with_o sea_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n 116_o 6_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v enuirnoe_v round_o with_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n 117_o chap._n viii_o ofsea_n traffic_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n 132_o 2_o navigation_n be_v very_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o knowledge_n as_o riches_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o river_n 142_o 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n 155_o 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o 156_o 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n 157_o 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n 159_o 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n 162_o 7_o of_o lake_n and_o their_o cause_n 162_o 8_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n 163_o chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n 165_o 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n 169_o 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n 171_o 4_o mountain_n country_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o plain_a 172_o 5_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v unto_o the_o end_n 174_o 6_o of_o wood_n and_o their_o nature_n 178_o 7_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a or_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n 179_o 8_o place_n moderate_o situate_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south-pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n 180_o chap._n xi_o of_o land_n and_o continent_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n but_o be_v afterward_o make_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n 184_o 2_o peninsula_n by_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o peninsalas_o by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n 189_o chap._n xii_o of_o inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v from_o natural_a cause_n 193_o 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o the_o bond_n of_o country_n by_o particular_a inundation_n 195_o 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n 197_o 4_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 201_o 5_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n 202_o 6_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n 203_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o inhabitant_n 1_o all_o nation_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o one_o stock_n whence_o afterward_o they_o become_v divide_v 206_o 2_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plant_v in_o paradise_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v 208_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n 213_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o well_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n 221_o 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o complexion_n hot_a and_o moist_a those_o towards_o the_o equatour_n cold_a and_o dry_a those_o of_o the_o middle_a partake_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 226_o 3_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_n to_o law_n and_o civility_n 232_o 4_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_a the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n 236_o 5_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o 239_o 6_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n and_o magnificence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a 250_o 7_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o contemplative_a science_n 252_o 8_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a 255_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o soil_n 1_o mountaine-people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n 256_o 2_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a 273_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_n and_o education_n 1_o colony_n translate_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_a remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a &_o little_a they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n 278_o 2_o the_o mixture_n of_o colonies_n beget_v the_o same_o nation_n a_o great_a disparity_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o themselves_o 278_o 3_o education_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o natural_a disposition_n yet_o so_o as_o by_o accident_n remit_v they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a temper_n  _fw-fr 4_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v more_o wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 283_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o second_o book_n general_n which_o of_o a_o place_n general_o take_v without_o any_o special_a division_n handle_v the_o adjunct_n and_o propriety_n these_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v internal_a or_o external_a common_a or_o magnetical_a whereof_o chapter_n 2._o heaven_n which_o be_v general_n or_o special_a chapt._n 3_o