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cause_n	body_n	life_n	spirit_n	1,763	5	5.2732	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36730	Atlas Chinensis being a second part of A relation of remarkable passages in two embassies from the East-India Company of the United Provinces to the vice-roy Singlamong and General Taising Lipovi and to Konchi, Emperor of China and East-Tartary : with a relation of the Netherlanders assisting the Tarter against Coxinga and the Chinese fleet, who till then were masters of the sea : and a more exact geographical description than formerly both of the whole empire of China in general and in particular of every of the fifteen provinces / collected out of their several writings and journals by Arnoldus Montanus ; English'd and adorn'd with above a hundred several sculptures by John Ogilby.	Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683.; Dapper, Olfert, 1639-1689.; Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Nederlandsche Oost-Indische Compagnie.; United Provinces of the Netherlands.	1671 (1671)	Wing D242; ESTC R5629	631,298	665

a short time to be great Trees and bear excellent Fruit. They Graff their Trees also after the same manner as we do ours and not onely Graff Trees but also Flowers by which means one Stalk if Graffed bears several Flowers of divers shapes and Colours the next Year The third way of Nursing up of Plants is by Lopping as they do in Vineyards and by cutting off Sprigs from old Trees and Planting them again after which manner they increase their Manga and Goyava sometimes onely the Leaves as the Paparja which in a short time run up to be high Trees It is to be observ'd in Trees of what size or sort soever the Chineses intend should speedily grow to Perfection and produce Fruit they Plant the cut-off Branches that day when the Sun enters the fifteenth Degree of Capricorn which never fails to shoot forth in a short time for they have either observ'd by experience or learnt from the Ancients from time to time that onely this day is fit for that business viz. that if a Sprig of what Tree soever be Planted or set in the Ground on that day it will very suddenly become a Fruit bearing Tree Plants DIvers sorts of strange Herbs Trees Roots Canes and Flowers grow in the Countrey of China some of which are proper to China onely others again common to that with other Countries especially India Most of the Provinces yield each of them many Herbs which are of a strange Soveraign Vertue In the seventh County Kingyangfu in the Province of Xensi grows an Herb in manner like a Tuft of Yellow Hair wherefore it is call'd Kinsu that is Silk of Gold or Golden Thred of Silk-worms for Kin signifies Gold and Su Silk It is of a bitterish Taste but more cooling than heating cures suddenly all manner of Scabs and Breakings-out in the Body without leaving the least Spot behind In the same County is a sort of Rice exceeding good to cleanse the Body and especially to provoke Urine There are also several sorts of Beans which are an excellent Remedy against Poyson In the eighth County Ienganfu grows a Flower nam'd Meutang which signifies King of Flowers it is highly esteem'd by the Chineses being bigger than a common Rose and also resembling the same but spreads its Leaves out further and though it smells not so sweet yet is pleasanter to the Eye and without prickles the colour of it is a pale Purple streak'd with White there are also some which are Red and Yellow It grows on a Tree not unlike our Birch-Trees and is Planted in all Gardens through the whole Empire of China though with great Care and Industry for in warm places it must be preserv'd from the heat of the Sun By the Garrison'd City Hocheu grow those Trees that produce Mirobalans and others whose Wood is the Drug call'd Santalum In the County Cinanfu of the Province of Xantung grows a kind of Fruit call'd Linkio and Lieu. In the third County Changtefu in the Province of Honan grow several sorts of Wormwood In the County Hoangcheufu in the Province of Huquang grows White Wormwood so call'd for its excellency by the Chinese Druggists On the Mountains in the County Fangyangfu in the Province of Kiangnan is Red Wormwood both being us'd by the Chineses against many Distempers especially against Heat The true and real China-Root grows onely in the Province of Suchuen but that sort which is Wild in all parts of China for there are two sorts Wild and Tame both which are by the Chineses call'd Folcin or as some say Lampatam None but that which is Wild being of a Reddish Colour within is brought over to us It is not so big as the true and Tame Root neither hath it that Power yet is not altogether void of Efficacy The true Root as they say grows onely in the Province of Suchuen under the Ground in old Woods of Pine-Trees almost after the same manner as Potatoes in India wherefore the Chineses write that it grows from a tough Slime or Pitch of the Pine-Tree which dropping on the Earth fastens in the Ground and becomes a Plant which spreading all about over the Earth breeds a Root under Ground sometimes as big as a Childs Head and in Weight and Form not unlike Coco-nuts from which the Shell or Rind doth not differ much though not so hard and thick but much weaker and thinner under the Rind is a Kernel or white Spungy Flesh which is highly esteem'd by the Chineses and us'd amongst their Medicines yet if they want this they despise not the fore-mention'd Wild sort though it is not altogether of so powerful an Operation The Wild China-Root grows also in Cochin-China on the Coast of Malabar and several other places in India The China-Root as Michael Boem writes is by the Chineses call'd Pe Folcin by the Portuguese Pao de Cina and in Europe China among the Chineses it grows only in the Provinces of Iunnan Quamsi Quantum Kaoli and Leaotum The Plant or Tree is surrounded with many Thorns which touch not the Leaves The Chineses eat the Pith of the Root of this Tree in Broth which is wholsome and us'd against the Gout Ulcers Stoppings in the Stomach Lameness Dropsie Pain in the Legs and Body and many other Distempers the heaviest of them is accounted the best and the White esteem'd before the Red The Powder of this Root taken with Sugar and us'd like a Conserve is generally with good success given against Distempers in the Breast They say that the use and knowledge of this Root was Anno 1535. by the Portuguese brought into India and Europe Another Bastard China-Root of the same Vertue as the Wild Root grows in Brasile especially in the Province of Parayba where the Inhabitants call it Ivaspecanga In the eighth County Iungpingfu in the Province of Peking and in that of Xansi near the City Leao grows the most excellent and famous Root in all China by the Chineses call'd Ginseng and by the Iapanners Nisi The Chinese name Ginseng is taken from the shape because it represents a Man in the Chinese Tongue call'd Gin striding with his Legs it is much smaller than our Mandragora or Mandrake yet we need not doubt but it is a sort of it because it is exactly like it and hath the same Operation The dry'd Root is of a yellow Colour hath very few or scarce any Strings by which it draws Nourishment is streak'd round about with blackish Vains as if drawn with Ink yields when chaw'd an unpleasant sweetness being mix'd with bitterness a quarter of an Ounce of this Root taken in Syrup exceedingly revives the Spirits and if taken in a greater quantity strengthens those that are Sick and Weak and pleasantly warms the whole Body Those that are of a hot and strong Constitution indanger their Lives by using the same because of its too much increasing and heighthning the Spirits but on the contrary it recovers those that

the Tree within a Moneth after Buds again and in Harvest smells so strong and sweet that it may be scented at a very considerable distance The Chineses prepare many Dainties of this Flower both to please the Palate and to delight the Smell This also is the same Flower which steep'd in the Juice of Lemmon the Turks use to colour their Hair with The Trees thereof suffer no other to grow near them nor grow in places where others have grown In the County Lieucheufu in the Province of Quangsi on the Shore of the River Lieu grow many Willow Trees There are likewise several excellent Herbs good against many Sicknesses amongst which the Herb Pusu that is Immortal so call'd by the Chineses because they always preserve it green in their Houses In the County Gucheufu in the Province of Quangsi grows a Tree nam'd Quanglang which in stead of Pith or Marrow incloses a kind of thin Matter like Honey in stead of which it is often us'd being no less pleasing to the Palate In the Territory Cincheufu in the Province of Quangsi grows an Herb call'd Yu of which the Inhabitants make their Clothes which are richer than Silk and amongst them of greater value There also grows a Tree whose Wood is like Iron it being much harder than our Box-wood The same County likewise produces excellent Cinamon in the Chinese Tongue call'd Kueypi which onely differs from the Ceylon Cinamon in this that it is more biting on the Tongue and of a better scent The Chineses in ancient times us'd to carry Cinamon from the Island Ceylon which was according to Boem so call'd by the Chineses from the many Ships which suffer'd Shipwrack on the same or else Ceylon or rather Sinland signifies according to Martinius People of China or Chineses by Sea to Ormuz from whence it was carry'd by Land to Aleppo in Syria and Greece The ignorant sort of People suppos'd that it came out of the Moors Countrey and Egypt whenas it never grew in that Countrey though sometimes a Fleet of four thousand Ships came Laden with Gold Silk Precious Stones Musk Porcelane Copper Allom Nutmegs Cloves and chiefly Cinamon into the Bay of Persia. The Merchants as the same Boem tells us call'd Cinamon otherwise by the Chineses nam'd The Bark of the sweet Tree Cina and Momum which signifies Sweet and well scented Chinese Wood. In the County Lipingfu in the Province of Queicheu grows an Herb like Hemp which the Chineses call Ko and make their Summer Garments thereof which are an excellent Wear against the excessive heat of the Sun It also grows in the County Nankangfu in the Province of Kiangsi In the Southern Provinces of Iunnan Quangsi Quantung Fokien and on the Isle Ainan grows in great abundance a Tree by the Chineses call'd Fanyaycocu by the Eastern Indians Papayo by the West-Indian Inhabitants Pinoyuacu and by the Portuguese Mamoua It produces a Fruit which springs out of the top of the Body of the Tree looking red within and having in stead of Pith a thin Juice that may be eaten with a Spoon They are accounted to be very cooling and to abate lascivious Desires and cause Barrenness This Tree a strange thing hath no Branches but onely Leaves which grow on the top thereof from amongst which Leaves sprout out white Flowers which afterwards become Fruit. The Fruit hath no set-time of the Year to ripen in but successively ripe Fruits are to be found on the Trees every Moneth in the Year The Chineses call it Fanyaycocu that is Fruit of the Fanyay for Kocu signifies Fruit and the Portuguese Maman because it hangs on the Tree like a Teat The Fruit Leaves and whole Tree are pleasant and delightful to the Eye The Tree springs first from the Seed of its Fruit and afterwards new Trees from the Strings which shoot out of the Root The Leaves and part of the Body of the Tree being put into the Ground grow very speedily and in a short time to a high Tree Anno 1626. the Papayo-Tree being Sow'n grew in Naples It had a whitish Root full of Strings a whitish Stem or Body eighteen Inches long and a Finger thick of the same colour with the Root spongy and round not unlike the Body of the Wonder-Tree and notch'd after the same manner under the Leaves which when green hang by a long Stalk round about the Body of the Tree sloaping from the middle upwards all of them four or five Inches broad divided like the Fig-Leaves into five parts but notch'd much deeper smooth and of a pleasant Green all of them fell off in the Winter and the Body with the Root also wither'd away by degrees But we may doubt whether this Tree was the right Papayo because according to Michael Boem the Fanyacu or Papayo hath its Leaves onely on the top and not as this in Naples from the middle upwards Peter de Valla by Letters to Fabius Columna gives quite another Description of the Papayo which saith he is a Plant like our Fig-Tree but much pleasanter the Fruit like our ordinary Melons oval smooth and with a green Rind the Flesh within of an Orange colour and tasting like a sweet Orange but more Spicy and pleasanter the fresh Seed blackish when dry'd turns to a Chesnut colour and is about the thickness of Coriander Seeds but longer the Flesh thereof being cut through in the middle looks whitish is tough tastes sweet and is like old Musk melons Seed the Stalk of the Fruit though green yields like those of Figs The Tree is full of Branches like the Fig-Tree The experienc'd and Learned Physician William Piso makes mention of two sorts of Papayo growing in the West-Indies where it is call'd Pinoguacu a Male and Female of both which he hath a particular Description which may be seen at large in his Natural History To conclude most agree in this that the Papayo-Tree grows not of it self but is Planted What Countrey it properly belongs to is not yet certainly known but it is by most believ'd to be a Stranger to India and brought thither from a foreign Countrey In no Place except China grows that Tree and excellent Fruit in the Chinese Tongue call'd Supim it is of a Golden colour bigger than an ordinary Apple and hath within its Shell or Rind a soft and red Pulp within which are several Stones The dry Fruit is very like an European Fig and keeps good many years The Chinese Physicians use it often in their Compounds In the Province of Quantung it ripens in Ianuary February and March but in Xensi Honan and other Northern Provinces in Iune Iuly and August The Tree laden with this Fruit affords a pleasant Prospect and is constantly watch'd against the Birds There also grows a Tree in the Province of Quantung and in the Island Ainan with Leaves of half the size of a Man of ordinary Stature The Root thereof grows half in the

by long Sicknesses or other Causes are consum'd and grown weak It oftentimes restores those that lie a dying and with the help of some other Physick restores them to their Health again Many other Vertues the Chineses ascribe to this Root and give three pound of Gold for one pound of it The same Root is sometimes to be had in Holland but because of its excessive dearness is little us'd The Provinces of Xensi and Suchuen according to Martinius bring forth excellent Medicines especially the Root Rhubarb in the Chinese Tongue call'd Taihoang This Root says he grows not wild as some affirm but on the contrary requires great care and pains in the Planting of it it is of a yellow Colour streak'e with Flames not hollow but firm and hard and in som places having Knobs and Swellings The Leaves are somewhat like our Cabbage Leaves but much bigger The Chineses make a Hole through the Root and hang them out to dry in the Shade for being dry'd in the Sun they lose their Vertue Most of the Rhubarb which is brought into Europe comes for the most part out of the Provinces of Xensi and Suchuen being brought from China and Persia by Sea to Batavia and from thence to Holland or else out of China by Land to Kaskar Astrakan and Russia or through Thebet and Persia by Venice to Italy for those of Tebet and Mogor frequent the Province of Suchuen and from thence bring the Rhubarb hither Thus far Martinius Matthiolus gives us another Description of Rhubarb in his Comment upon Di●…scorides which agrees with that of Michael Boem in his Chinese Flora and with Baptista Ramusio formerly Secretary to the State of Venice in his Preface before the Voyage of Marcus Paulus Venetus which is to this effect Though say they Rhubarb grows in all parts of China yet it grows in greater abundance in the Provinces of Suciven perhaps Suchuen Xensi and in the Jurisdiction of the City Socieu near the Great Wall than in any other place The Earth in which it grows is red and Clayie occasion'd by its being continually moistned with Springs and Rain The Leaves according to the Plant are two Handfuls long narrow below broad at the end and the edges thereof cover'd with a hairy Wool When they are come to their f●…ll growth and maturity they immediately grow yellow and lank The Stalk shoots a Hands-breadth with the Leaves above the Earth from the middle of the Leaf runs a thin Stalk which bears Flowers not unlike a great Pink likewise towards the top which is of a sharp and strong smell The Root or Stalk which is in the Ground is of a dark Copper colour one two and sometimes three Handfuls long and as thick as a Man's Arm from which shoot forth other lesser Roots which are cut off from the same The Root Rhubarb when cut asunder shews a dark yellow Flesh streak'd with red Veins out of which drops a red slimy Juice Moreover if any one immediately hangs these moist pieces up to dry then as experience hath taught the moisture instantly vanishes and the Root growing very light loses all its Vertue therefore those who are experienc'd herein first lay the pieces of green Rhubarb on Tables and turn them twice or thrice in a day that so the Sap or Juice may soak and dry by degrees into the pieces and remain in them four days after when the moisture is dry'd up they put the pieces on Strings and hang them from the Sun in the Shadow to dry by the Wind. The best time to dig up the Rhubarb is in the Winter before the Trees begin to Bud because at that time about the beginning of April the Juice and Vertue unites and gathers together But if the Root of Rhubarb be digg'd up in Summer or at that time when it sends forth green Leaves which is a sign of it s not being ripe then it never comes to the perfection of the Rhubarb which is digg'd up in the Winter One Wagon full of Rhubarb Roots which is full of moisture costs one Scudo and a half The Juice when dry'd up abates so much of the weight that of seven Pound of green there scarce remains one Pound when dress'd The Chineses call it Tayhuan that is High Yellow This Plant is discours'd of at large by the fore mention'd Authors and particularly Michael Boem makes a curious Disquisition whether the Rhaponticum of Alpinus be the same with that which is commonly brought out of Muscovy and takes much pains to prove that that which grows in China is much better than that which is brought by Russia into Europe This Fruit may justly be call'd The King of Fruits since in so ample a measure it both delights the Eye and pleases the Palate which seems never satisfi'd therewith The Kernel of it melts in the Mouth like Sugar Another Fruit nam'd Lungyen that is Dragons-Eye grows in China it is not much unlike the former though smaller and rounder like our Cherries but the Shell of the Fruit Lichi is somewhat harder and thicker Both these Fruits are dry'd and sent from this Province through the whole Empire as a Dainty nevertheless the dry'd are not comparable to the green because all the Juice is dry'd out of them They also press a Juice out of the Fruit Lichi which the Chineses call Wine which is very sweet but very scarce to be had The ripe Fruit Lichi is generally brought fresh out of the County Chinkingfu A particular Description of both these Fruits may be seen in the foremention'd Author Michael Boem in his Book call'd Flores sinarum regionis In the same County Focheufu in the Province of Fokien grows a Fruit call'd Muigiuli that is to say Fair Womans Plumb These Plumbs are of an Oval Figure bigger and much better than Damask Prunes In the County Kingcheufu belonging to the Province of Huquang grows an Herb which the Chineses call Herb of a thousand years nay affirm that it never fades but is as it were immortal To drink the Water wherein the formention'd Herb hath lay'n to soak makes white Hair black and is said to be exceeding good to prolong Life and restore Youth to the Aged In the County Changtefu in the Province of Huquang grow all sorts of Golden Apples amongst which are some that by the Chineses are call'd Winter Apples for when all the others fall off these begin to grow ripe and are of a sweet taste In the Province of Kiangsi and other places grows for the most part in Lakes and standing Waters a Plant with a Flower by the Chineses call'd Lien and by the Portuguese Fula de Golfon The Flower Lien shoots up two or three Yards above the Water on hard and strong Stalks and is of several Colours as Purple White Parti-colour'd Red c. onely Yellow is a Colour peculiar to those that grow in Iuncheufu a County of the Province of Huquang This Flower exceeds our Lilies in