be greatly inflamed with the desire oâ— conquering Plato Eumenes though neuer so distressed thought himselfe strong enough as long aâ— he had his sword in his hand Plut. Aristomenes the Messenian beeing take◠〈◊〉 the Lacedemonians and deliuered fast â—â—und to two souldiours hee drew neere to â—â—fire burned his bonds in sunder killed his â—â—eepers and saued himselfe Valerius Lysimachus vvas commaunded by Alexâ—â—der that he should be deuoured of a Lion â—â—at he valiantly fought with the beast and â—â—retching forth his arme thrust it into hys â—â—roate taking holde of his tongue and so â—â—rangled him whereupon hee vvas euer afâ—â—r more esteemed of Alexander then hee â—as before Aelianus Cassius aunswered a Chaldean Astrologer â—ho counselled him not to fight vvith the â—arthians vntill the Moone had passed Scorâ—â—o I feare not quoth he Scorpius but I feare 〈◊〉 Archers because the Romans were put 〈◊〉 â—light by Parthian Archers Appian Agis vpon the poynt to giue battaile to the â—â—ycaonians vvhen his souldiers sayde that â—â—eyr enemies were many aunswered The â—rince that will subdue many must of necessity â—â—ght with many Tbucid Leonides beeing informed by his souldiers â—â—at the enemies against whom hee vvas to â—â—ght vvere so many in number that theyr â—rrovves darkned the beames of the sunne â—o much the better quoth he for we shall theÌ„ fight in the shade Licosthenes Alcibiades when his Captaines suddainlie made an alarum with great citties that they were fallen into theyr enemies hands would say vnto his souldiours Be valiant and feare not for we are not fallen into their hands but they into ours Thucidydes Scaeua a Iew at the siege of Ierusalem hauing long time defended his fellow souldiers after much slaughter by him made abode still fighting hauing his eyes stopped hys body vvounded and his shield strooke thorow in sixscore places Iosephus Iulius Caesar perceiuing the Neruians to haue the better hand caught a Target from out a souldiours hand that began to flie and taking his place did such feates of Armes that all his Armie recouered courage got the victory Plutarch Alexander swimmed ouer dangerous vvaters scaled townes and put himselfe formost in perrils and paines-taking Pyrrhus Haniball Sertorius and Caesar are reported to haue done the like Eutycus beeing blinde was set without the aray of the battaile by Leonidas but being ashamed to leaue his companions caused a slaue to leade him to the place vvhere they â—ought there valiantly behauing himselfe â—e was slaine Valerius Sylla the Dictator hauing condemned to â—eath all the inhabitants of Perouza parâ—oning none but his hoast he would needes â—ie saying that he scorned to hold his lyfe of the murtherer of his country Appian The Polonian Ambassadors aunswered Aâ—exander when he threatned theyr country VVee feare saide they but one onely thing which is least the skie fall vpon vs. Pompey dreadlesse of a great storme wheÌ„ he vvas sent by the Senate into Italie vvas the first that went a shyp-board and commaunded the sailes to be spred saying It is necessary that I goe but not necessary that I liue Plutarch Xerxes great Nauie that dranke vvhole riuers dry vvas rather a signe of his vvealth then magnanimitie Iustinus Bias holding warres with Iphiorates and put to the vvorst his souldiours cryed out saying vvhat shall we doe to vvhom hee aunswered Tell those that are aliue that I dyed fighting and I will report vnto the deade that you escaped flying Laertius The women of Lacena vvent souldier-like into the field with their husbands Thomyris Queene of Scythia ouercame Cyrus cut off his head cast it into a bowle of blood saying Satiate sanguine quem sitiisti Iustinus The vvomen of Scythia called Amazons lyued as conquerours ouer men and vvere neuer conquered by men vntill Alexander destroyed both them and theyr country Semyramis when newes was brought her that her citty Babylon vvas besieged all vnattyred and vndressed she tooke her armor and by her vvonderfull valour repulsed her enemies Iustinus Zenobia Queene of the Palmerians after the death of her husband gouerned the Empire and long helde battaile against the Emperour Aurelian vvho sayd That it was moâ—e valour to conquer a woman so stoute as Zenobia then to vanquish a king so fearefull as Xerxes Penthiselea Queene of the Amazons and Hyppolita the first encountred hande to hand Achilles the other Theseus whom hee for her valour and courage afterward married Homer Artimesia Queene of Caria after the death of her husband shewed such admirable fortitude against the Rhodians that she burned theyr Nauies entered theyr Citties and â—â—used in them her Image to bee set vp for a â—onument of her chiualrie VVhen Epaminondas besieged Sparta â—as gotten into the Towne Isadas a young â—an all naked his body annointed ouer â—ith oyle hauing a partisone thrust himselfe â—â—to the midst beating downe all his eneâ—ies before him and himselfe escaped away â—nvvounded Loncerus The Ephori at his return gaue him a crown â—n honor of his provvesse but they amerced â—im at a thousand crownes for beeing so adâ—enturous Of the Soule The Soule is called Anima whilst it is in the â—ody and giueth lyfe Mens while it mindeth Animus hauing will Ratio for that it iudgeth rightfully Spiritus while it breatheth Sensus whilst it feeleth THe Soule hath fiue vertues of the which the first is feeling by this vertue the soule is mooued desiring those thing that belong to the body Augustine The second povver is vvit by thys the soule knovveth all things sensible and corporall when they are present The third is Imagination by vvhich it beâ—holdeth the likenes of bodily thinges 〈◊〉 they be absent The fourth is Reason that iudgeth betweene good and euill truth and falshood The fift is Vnderstanding the which comprehendeth things not materiall but intelligible as God and Angels The three first virtues are situate in the soule that is coupled to the body and giueth lyfe and inner wit to perfection of the body and these bee common both to men and beasts The other tvvo Reason and Vnderstanding be in the soule in that it may be departed from the body and abide beeing departed as an Angell by two manner of respects for it beholdeth the higher things and therevpon is called Intellectus and the lower and for that cause is termed Ratio In diuers bodies the soule is threefold Vegitable that is giueth life and no feeling as in plants and rootes vvhich the Philosophers liken to a Tryangle in Geometry for as that hath three corners so hath this soule three vertues the first begetting the second nourishing the third growing â—ensible that gyueth lyfe and feeling not 〈◊〉 which is in beasts thys soule is lykeâ—â—d to a Quadrangle for it is a line drawne 〈◊〉 one corner to another before it maketh 〈◊〉 Triangles and the sensible soule maketh 〈◊〉 triangles of vertues for where-soeuer 〈◊〉 soule Sensible is there is also the soule â—egitable but not é contra The Reasonable soule giueth life feeling
â—nd reason which is in men this soule is â—â—kened to a circle because of her perfection â—nd containing for of all the figures of the â—ame length the circle is most most conâ—ayneth and whosoeuer hath the soule Reasonable hath also the Sensible and Vegitable sed non é contra Aristotle The soule beeing once made shall endure euermore in body or out of body and that shall neuer be sayde that it vvas made by the Image of GOD if it were closed in the bonds of death Augustine Plato calleth the soule a beeing which only mooueth it selfe Zeno termeth it a number which mooueth it selfe Pythagoras an harmony Democritus a subtile and vncertaine spyrite Aselepiades saith it is a manner of cord that setteth the fiue Sences a vvorke Porphyrius Idea Hippocrates a subtile spirit spred through all the body and Epicâ—â—rus a kinde of fire and ayre Pythagoras maintained Palingenesia whicâ— is that soules departed returne into otheâ— bodies Hee sayde that hee remembred thaâ— hee was Euphorbius at the sacke of Troy Ouid. There vvas an auncient lavve vnder Saturne that vvhen good men departed out of thys lyfe they be sent into the fortunate Iles vvhich Iles the Poet Pyndarus describeth the vvicked are sent into the Iaile of vengeance which he calleth Tartarus Plutarch imitating Plato bringeth in Thespesias raysed from the dead to discourse of the lyfe to come De sera numinis vindicta The Thracians vvere sirnamed the neuer-dying Getes vvho vvere of opinion that after theyr departure out of thys vvorld they vvent to Zamolrix or Gebelezie that is in the Getish of Goatish tongue to him that gaue them health saluation and all kind of happinesse Cleombrotus a Phylosopher when he had reade a Treatise of the immortalitie of the soule presently slew himselfe so did Cato of Vtica Plutarch That which Virgill sayth in his second Egâ—â—gue concerning the drugge or spice of Asâ—ria called Amomum and the going thereof â—uery vvhere is of some interpreted to bee â—eant of the immortalitie of the soule the â—octrine wherof Pherecides brought thence â—â—to Greece that it should bee vnderstoode â—hroughout the vvorld The taking of Enoch into heauen of God â—vas doone that the vvorlde might thereby â—nderstand and beleeue that there is immorâ—ality after this lyfe The Indians burne themselues before they â—ome to extreame age terming it the letting of men loose and the freeing of the soule froÌ„ the body and the sooner they did it the vviser they vvere esteemed Porphyrius Zeno sayd that he had rather see an Indian burne himselfe cheerefully then to heare all the Phylosophers of the vvorlde discoursing the immortality of the soule The people that dwell by the riuer Niger otherwise called the people of Seneca in Affrica offer themselues vvith great willingnes to bee buried quicke with their maisters vvherevpon Zeno sayd that all the demonstrations of Logicke and Mathematick had not so much force to proue the immortality of the soule as this onely deed of theirs Alexander asked a Gymnosophist vvheâ—ther there were more men aliue then deade he sayd there were more aliue because noâ—â— are dead Plutarch All the learning of the Sages Scythians was grounded vppon the immortality of the soule The Schollers of Hegesias hearing there Maister discoursing of the immortalitie of soules departed out of thys lyfe vvere so rauished with his words that they vvillinglie killed themselues Plutarch The soules of Saints in heauen knowe nothing vvhat is doone vpon the earth for if they did said August my mother Monicha would bee with mee euery night to comfort me in my heauines de ciuit Dei Plinie the elder denying the immortalitie of the soule vvhilst hee was ouer curious in searching out the cause of the burning Aetna was burned therein A iust punishment for him to end his life by smoake who esteemed the soule no better then a vapour Origen attributeth vnto the soules departed a place vpon the earth where they learn those thinges which they knewe not vvhile they liued As the Papists frame a Purgatorie so he an Eruditory P. Mart. Philoronimus a priest of Galatia liued sixe â—â—eres in dead mens vaults and Sepulchers â—â—at bee might alwayes remember that hee â—as dead to the vvorld and aliue to Christ. â—â—aclides Pope â—eo commanded two Phylosophers 〈◊〉 discourse of the soule the one to proue â—e immortalitie the other that it was morâ—ll and when the Pope was to giue iudgeâ—ent hee sayde to him that had maintained â—he immortality Thou hast argued the truth â—ut the reasons of the other sauour of more pleaâ—â—re and liberty Luther The soules of Tyrants are composed of arogancie and cruelty Plutarch Of all the fiue Sences the sight is most piercing and subtile for the kinde thereof is â—erie Benedictus had such a power in his eye eueÌ„ to his superiors that with a looke he caused a furious and audatious King of the Goaths to quake and tremble Plautianus had such a terror in his countenance that the lookers on him were dauÌ„ted for this cause when he went abroade he had â—â—teambulones to Marshall the way and giue warning of his coÌ„ming that they might not behold him Herodianus Comodus was of so perfect ayme sighâ— that what soeuer he shot at he killed and 〈◊〉 Herodotus writeth he slew a hundred wild beasts at a hundred shot Amongst all lyuing creaturs GOD hatâ— onely giuen immoouable eares to men and Apes Aristotle Those that dwel by the riuer Nilus are very deafe by reason of the horrible noyse 〈◊〉 thereof Ambrose The Emperour Claudius seeing the meate that was prepared for the Salian Priests dyd forthâ—with leaue all his serious affayres and vvent to dinner vvith them Suetonius Griffons haue so quicke a smell that they smell carryon ouer or beyond the Seas Ambrose Touching is a vertue in the sinewes of all the body being the sence wherein all the other imprint theyr passions Auicen There is an hearbe called Spartonica oâ— Sâ—ytica vvhich beeing tasted or helde in the mouth the Scythians therby are able to endure hunger cold twelue dayes together Plinie Of Clemencie This vertue by the Grecians is called Philanâ—ropia which signifieth the law of mankind her â—ranches are thankefulnes pitty and liberaâ—itie TItus Sonne of the Emperour Vespasian for his wonderfull clemency was called Deliciae humani generis Iosephus Antonius for his pitty was sirnamed Pius â—he as neuer Emperor before him did raigned without the effusion of any blood Traian when he was blamed by some of his friends for his ouer much clemency answered I will be vnto my Subiects as I would my Subiects should be to mee for the gentlenes of a Prince neuer hurteth his estate Suetonius Phillip King of Macedonia would not punish Nicanor although he openly spake euill of him saying when he heard therof I suppose that hee is a good man it were better to search whether the fault be in vs or no. Dion hauing ouercom Dionisius restoâ—ed his Cuntries liberty forgaue Heraclides one of his
sayde vnto him VVhat doth not an honest man think that euery day is feastiuall vnto him Darius the yeare before he fought with Alexander altered his sword or Acynax which he wore by his side being a Persian blade into the fashion of a Macedonian vvhich the Southsaiers interpreted that they into whose fashion Darius had altered the forme of his blade should become Rulers of Persia. Dioclesian garnished his apparell and shoos with precious stones where before his raigne the habite imperiall consisted but in a purple cloake Eutropius Sysinius going to visite Arsacius the Byshop one of his familiers asked him why he wore white attire and where hee found it written that a Priest should weare vvhite Tell me first quoth he where it is written that he should weare blacke But hee could not tell Then Sisinius sayd thou canst not prooue for blacke but I can for white Let thy garments bee white Sal. Our Sauiour in the Gospell wore white Moses and Elias appeared in white Eusebius Diogenes returning frō Sparta to Athence was by the way asked from whence he came and whether hee went who aunswered hee came from men was going to women noting therby the effeminacy of the Athenians who were for that vice by the Lacedemonians other Grecians had in derision The Senatours of Rome vsed a garment set full of studs or tufts of golde and on theyr hose they wore like vnto a moone vvhich were the cognizants and badges of most honour Fenestella Plutarch alleageth foure causes why the Romaines wore such hose The first because they thought that the soules of great men should by light of the moone be guided the next way vnto heauen The 2 was that the signe of the moone did shew they were descended from the Arcadians who came into Italy with Euander for the Arcadians did imagine themselues more auntient then the moone The third because in prosperity they shold remember the inconstancy and mutability of fortune The fourth for that the signe of the moone doth stirre vp mens minds to modesty and obedience mouing them to pray vnto God for wisedome whereby both to commaun◠and obey euen as the moone doth take he brightnes from the sunne being a more noble and excellent light so ought men to seek for wisedome from heauen The women of Athence much delighted in gorgeousnes of apparell and trimming themselues Aristophanes Among the Romains no man might weare purple but onely Senatours Magistrates Priests and young men of noble families Fenestella Adrian the Emperour ordayned that no man should bring any strange fashions into Rome Eutropius Scylus King of Scythia because hee wore apparell after the Greeke fashion was deposed for so doing and his head smitten off and his brother Octumasides chosen King in his place The women of Lacedemonia wore theyr apparell short beneath that one might see their knees and some part of their thighs which was ordained to make them the stronger and more warlike The Athenians had theyr Gyneconomes the Romaines their Censors the Venetians their officers authorized to restraine moderate the excesse in apparell iewels and imbroidery of women The Neece of Q. Martius being great with child the day that peace was made betweene him Rome lacing her selfe too hard in her attire to seeme more proper and comly she was long before her time deliuered of child which with the mother presently died Porphirius Q. Hortensius euery time when he made himselfe ready had a glasse before him and as much time had he to straighten his gowne plates as a vvoman to trimme the haires of her head One day being Consull going abroad in a narrow streete he met with the other Consull where through the straightnes of the passage his plaits were vndone wherefore he complained to the Senate of his fellow saying that he had done him great iniury and was woorthy to loose his life for vnloosing his gowne Macrobius The Lacedemonians goe all a like apparelled as well the meanest as the best Thucidides Heliogabalus scorned to weare his apparell after the manner of the other Emperours saying that theyr garments vvere made of greasie wooll Eutropius Lisander would not receaue the apparell and Iewels which Dionysius the tyrant sen◠vnto his daughter saying that those presents more dishonoured then honoured his daughters the like is written of Sophocles Iulius Caesar would haue his Souldiours so braue that he suffered them to weare theyr armour enchased with gold siluer as well for the beauty therof as also that they might be more stout in battaile for feare of loosing it bragging that his Souldiours could fight valiantly though they were persumed Suetonius Tranquillus Of Musique Dauncing Aristotle would haue youth to exercise them selues in Musique and to be imployed in those harmonies which stirre vp to commendable operations and morall vertues tempering desires greedines and sorrowes for so much as numbers and melodies consist in certaine proportions and concords of the voyce it is the excellent gift of God and as Art of numbers measures serueth to Diuinity so doth the Art of Musique DAuid made foure Maisters to ouersee the Himnes and Songs one in the middle the right side the left side the last to ouersee the Cymballs Alexander vvith the Lydian tunes vvas mooued to pleasure and banquettings and vvith the Dorick sounds to armor warre Plato and Aristotle would haue a man that is wel brought vp to be a Musition Lycurgus notwithstanding his sharp laws allowed of musick The Lacedemonians and the Cretans though otherwise warlike vsed Harps and other soft instruments Among the first instructions that Chiron taught Achilles in his youth Musicke vvas one Homer Marsias beeing rude and vnskilfull in musick contended vvith Apollo but beeing ouercome vvas deseruedly punished Ouid. Thamyras vvoulde needes try maisteries vvith the Muses themselues in playing on the Harpe but being vanquished vvas for his bold attempt bereft of both his eyes and in derision called Barula from him blinde Harpers are denominated Themistocles was thought vnlearned and the lesse esteemed of because he was no musition Cicero The Greekes iudged none to bee learned vnlesse he were seene in musick The most part of the vvorld did learn musicke except in Egypt where it was forbidden least the tender and soft mindes of their youth should bee intised to too much pleasure Diodorus Aliates King of Lydia in his warrs against the Milesians had Musitions pipers Fidlers in sted of Trumpeters to mooue them to vvarres Herodo The Parthians caused their belles to bee rung when they went into the fielde Plutarch The Lacedemonians might not indure in their musicke more then in other matters any new inuention Therpander in those dayes a famous musition for that he inuented to adde another string to a certaine instrument then vsed vvas banished his Country and his instrument broken Ambrose Bishop of Millane when that hee vvith other holy men vvatched euen in the Church least they shoulde haue beene betrayed to the Arrians brought
the femenine sexe to haue had masculine courages Theana being demaunded what married wife deserued commendation aunswered She that medleth onely with her rocke and spindle that loueth onely her husbands bed and keepeth her tongue in quiet Atheneus The Essenians haue neyther wife nor seruants nor the Dulopolitans called otherwise the Rascalls and Slaues of Citties professed open enemies to all women-kind Iosephus Homer bringeth in Iupiter reprouing and threatning his wife when she is rebellious but neuer further Vpon the Ascention day in Venice the Duke accompanied with all his Nobles in a faire vessel of plesure made Gally-wise goeth in it a mile or two into the Sea casteth there in a ring of gold thinking by this ceremony they so marry the Sea vnto them that all the yeare after they may haue safe passage for their commodities Of Parents Children God hath formed the mind to the perfect mold of truth and vertue carrying it farre from vice wherefore it behoueth Parents to giue their children good education which once taught then is their voyage and Nauigation in this world happy making them thankefull to the occasions of their great good where otherwise neglected they abhorre the remembrance of their Parents when through their damnable liberty and euill examples they haue beene led away SOlon made a law that those Parents in their old age should not be releeued of theyr children which cared not how they practised good manners or profited in letters Timarchides being of wicked life was not ashamed to haue his Sonne of tender yeares to be a viewer and witnes of his wicked lyuing Cic. Verres cared not how his Sonne spent his time whether among harlots or honest persons Cic. Scipio Affricanus being eighteene yeares of age his Father then Consull saued his life at Ticinum and ouercame him that wounded his Father Stat. Vespasian being besieged of the Barbarians in Britania was deliuered by his Sonne Titus Xiphil Lausus the Sonne of Mezentius defended his Father from Aeneas and was slayne of him Virg. Antigonus when hee had obtained a great victory of his enemies hee tendered all the honour at his Fathers feete Rauisius Antigone led her blind Father Oedipus Sophocles Cleobis and Byton drew theyr mother in her Coach to the temple of Apollo Cicero Leo the younger when he had raigned one yeare rendered the crowne againe to his Father Zeno. Aegeus when he saw the ship that his Sonne rode into Crete returne with blacke sailes contrary to promise supposing that hee was slaine threw himselfe from an high rocke into the Sea Ouid. Aelius Tubero had sixteene children of his owne body all of them maried and dwelling in one house with their children and lyuing with him in all peace concord The arrogancy of a childe was the cause that one of the Ephories published the law of testaments wherby it was permitted to euery one from that time forward to appoynt whom he would his heire Among the Romains the child was not admitted to pleade his Fathers vvill after his death by way of action but onely by way of request vsing very humble and reuerent speech of his dead Father and leauing the whole matter to the discretion of the Iudges Patritius Antigonus the Sonne of Demetrius who was taken prisoner by Seleucus when his Father sent him word to giue no credite to any letters he should send for the deliuering vp of certaine townes thereto constrained by Seleucus Antigonus contrariwise writ to Seleucus that he would yeeld him vp all become pledge for him if he would restore his Father Apollonida mother to King Eumenes and to three other of his bretheren accounted her selfe happy because she saw her 3. younger sonnes as it were a garde to theyr elder brother Cato with his owne hande wrote a historie and gaue it to his sonne to the end he might there see the acts of his auncestors learne the skill howe to gouerne the Common-wealth Bercilidus a Gouernour in Sparta sitting at meate did forbid that the younger sorte should doe him reuerence reproouing himselfe of barrennes because he had not begotten any children to doe them the like honor when they were old Cornelia accounted her children to be the chiefest treasure riches that she had Val. In Fraunce there was a Father his sonne condemned to death for treason and iudged to be executed according to the custom of the Country by standing in a Caudron in vvhich they should be boyled to death now it was winter and beeing both naked in the water the sonne began to quake for cold and when the vvater was heated to cry out vvith great impatience his Father persisting immoueable in both sayd Thou sonne of a vile whore canst thou neither abide heat nor cold Augustus commanded the Ladies his children to learne all the offices and qualities wherewith a vvoman might liue be maintained and vvhereof she ought to boast herselfe in such vvise that all the apparrel which they vveare they did spin and weaue saying that a rock became a Ladies girdle asvvell as a Launce becam a Knight or a book a Priest Sueto Annalis being condemned by the Triumuiri fled to a tenant of his who had a homely house was safe hid vntill his son broughâ— the pursuers to the house who killed him Then the Triumuiri rewarded him with his Fathers goods and made him Chamberlain of the Citty but one day beeing drunke and troubling the souldiours they which killed his father murdered him Appian Choranius the vnhappy Father of an vnthrifty sonne prayed the pursuers to spare his life a while till he might sende to his son to speake to Anthony who laughed at him sayd his sonne had spoken but to the contrary Appian Quintus Ciceros brother and his sonne being taken prayed the murtherers to kil him before his sonne but his sonne requested the contrary vvhereupon the souldiers promised to graunt both theyr desires and taking them a sunder by a token killed them both at one instant Appian Ignatius the Father and the sonne fighting together dyed of one vvound when their heads vvere striken of theyr bodies dyd yet imbrace Idem Aruntius could hardly perswade his sonne that would not flie without him to saue himselfe because he was but young his mother sent him afore to the gates and then returned to burie her husband beeing killed and vvhen she shortly after heard that her sonne vvas dead vpon the sea shee famished herselfe Plut. Geta the sonne of Scoponius made a fire in the open place of his house to burie his Father that seemed to be dead whom he had hid in an house in the country where the old man disguising himselfe layde a parchment before his eyes and after the agreement was made hee tooke away the parchment and founde his eyes out for want of vse Appian Oppius sonne minding to take part vvith his olde feeble father bare him on his backe till hee was past the gates and the rest of the vvay