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cause_n	body_n	life_n	soul_n	5,160	5	5.5664	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02299	Archontorologion, or The diall of princes containing the golden and famous booke of Marcus Aurelius, sometime Emperour of Rome. Declaring what excellcncy [sic] consisteth in a prince that is a good Christian: and what euils attend on him that is a cruell tirant. Written by the Reuerend Father in God, Don Antonio of Gueuara, Lord Bishop of Guadix; preacher and chronicler to the late mighty Emperour Charles the fift. First translated out of French by Thomas North, sonne to Sir Edward North, Lord North of Kirthling: and lately reperused, and corrected from many grosse imperfections. With addition of a fourth booke, stiled by the name of The fauoured courtier.; Relox de príncipes. English	Guevara, Antonio de, Bp., d. 1545?; Munday, Anthony, 1553-1633.; North, Thomas, Sir, 1535-1601?; Guevara, Antonio de, Bp., d. 1545? Aviso de privados. English.	1619 (1619)	STC 12430; ESTC S120712	985,362	801

those that contrary your opinion Be not proud and seuere vnto those you doe commaund neyther doe any thing without good aduisement and consideration For albeit in Princes Courts euery man doth admire and beholde the excellencie and worthines of the person yet are those alwayes that are most in fauour of the Prince more noted regarded and sooner accused then others 10 If you will not erre in the counselles you shall giue nor fayle in those things you shall enterprise Embrace those that tell you the truth and reiect and hate those whom you know to be Flatterers and dissemblers For you should rather desire to bee admonished of the thing present then to be counselled after the dammage receyued Although wee suppose assuredly that all these things aboue-written are not likely to happen nor yet come euen so to passe as I haue spoken yet if it may please you Syr to remember they are not therefore impossible For spitefull Fortune permitteth oftentimes that the Sayles which in stormie weather the Lightnings and boystrous Tempests could not breake and teare in piec●● are afterwardes vpon a sudden euen in the sweete of the mornings sleepe each man taking his rest leauing the Seas before in quiet calme all to shiuered and torne a sunder He that meaneth to giue another a blowe also the more he draweth backe his arme with greater force hee striketh And euen so neyther more nor lesse sayeth Fortune with those on whom for a time shee smyleth For the longer a man remayneth in her loue and fauor the more cruell and bitter she sheweth herselfe to him in the ende And therefore I would aduise euery wise and Sage person that when Fortune seemeth best of all to fauour him and to doe most for him that then hee should stand most in feare of her and least of all to trust her deceits Therefore Syr nake no small account of this my Booke little though it bee For you know that doubtlesse as experience teacheth vs of greater price and value is a little sparke of a Dyamond then a greater ballast It forceth little that the Booke bee of small or great volume sith the excellencie thereof consisteth not in the number of leaues more or lesse but only in the good and graue sentences that are amply written therein For euery Authour that writeth to make his booke of great price and shew ought to be briefe in his words and sweete and pleasaunt in his matter hee treateth of the better to satisfie the minde of the Reader and also not to growe tedious to the hearer And Syr I speake not without cause that you should not a little esteeme this smal treatise of mine since you are most assured that with time all your things shall haue ende your Friendes shall leaue you your goods shall bee diuided your selfe shall dye your fauour and credit shall diminish and those that succeede you shall forget you you not knowing to whome your Goods and Patrimonie shall come and aboue all you shall not knowe what conditions your heyres and children shall be of But for this I wryte in your royall Historic and Chronicle of your laudable vertues and perfections and for that also I serue you as I doe with this my present worke the memorie of you shall remaine eternized to your Successors for euer Chilo the Phylosopher beeing demanded whether there were anything in the world that Fortune had not power to bring to nought aunswered in this sort Two things only there are which neither Time can consume nor Fortune destroy And that is the renowne of man written in bookes and the veritie that is hidden For though truth for a time lye interred yet it resurgeth againe and receiueth life appearing manifestly to all And euen so in like case the vertues we find written of a man doe cause vs at this present to haue him in as great veneration as those had in his time that best knewe him Reade therefore Syr at times I beseech you these writings of mine albeit I feare me you can scant borrow a moment of Time with leysure once to looke vpon it beeing as I knowe you are alwayes occupyed in affayres of great importance wherin me thinketh you should not so surcharge your selfe but that you might for your commodity and recreation of your spirits reserue some priuate houres to your selfe For sage and wise men should so burden themselues with care of others toyle that they shold not spend one houre of the day at the least at their pleasure to looke on their estate and condition As recounteth Suetonius Tranquillus of Iulius Caesar who notwithstanding his quotidian warres he had neuer let slip one day but that he reade or wrote some thing So that being in his Pauillion in the Campe in the one hand hee held his lance to assault his enemie and in the other the penne he wrote withall with which he wrote his worthy Cōmentaries The resonable man therfore calling to mind the straight account that he must render of himselfe and of the time he hath lost shall alwayes be more carefull that hee lose not his time then he shall be to keepe his treasure For the well imployed time is a meane and helpe to his sal saluation and the euill gotten good a cause of his eternall damnation Moreouer yet what toyle and trauell is it to the body of the man and how much more perill to the liuing soule when hee consumeth his whole dayes and life in worldly broyles and yet seely man hee cannot absent himselfe from that vile drudgery til death doth summon him to yeelde vp his account of his life and doings And now to conclude my Prologue I say this booke is diuided into two parts that is to say in the first tenne Chapters is declared how the new-come Courtier shall behaue himselfe in the Princes Court to winne fauour and credit with the Prince and the surplus of the work treateth when hee hath atchieued to his Princes fauour and acquired the credite of a worthy Courtier how he shall then continue the same to his further aduancement And I doubt not but that the Lords and Gentlemen of Court will take pleasure to reade it and namely such as are Princes familiars and beloued of Court shall most of all reape profite thereby putting the good lessons and aduertisements they finde heretofore written in execution For to the young Courtiers it sheweth them what they haue to do and putteth in remembrance also the olde fauoured Courtyer liuing in his princes grace of that he hath to be circumspect of And finally I conclude Syr that of all the Treasures riches gifts fauours prosperities pleasures seruices greatnesse and power that you haue and possesse in this mortall and transitorie life and by the Faith of a true Christian I sweare vnto you also that you shal carrie no more with you then that onely Time which you haue well and vertuously employed during this your Pilgrimage THE ARGVMENT OF THE BOOKE

in heauen he had been blessed but now he is in the world enuironed with cares and afterwards he shall bee throwne into his graue and gnawne of the Wormes Let vs now see the disobedience wee had in the commaundement of God and what fruit we haue gathered in the world For hee is very simple that dare commit any vice taking no delight nor pleasure thereof in his body In my opinion through the sinnes which our forefathers committed in Paradise the seruitude remaineth in vs their children which are on the earth For so much as if I enter into the water I drowne if I touch the fire I burne if I come neare a dogge hee biteth mee if I threaten a horse hee easteth mee if I resist the winde it bloweth me downe if I persecute the serpent hee spoyleth me if I smite the beare hee destroyeth me and to be briefe I say that the man that without pitty eateth men in his life the Worms shall eate his entrals in his life after his death O Princes and great Lords lode your selues with cloth of gold heape vp your great Treasures assemble many Armies inuent Iusts and turneis seeke pastimes and pleasures reuenge your selues of your enemies serue your selues with your subiects marry your children to mighty Kings and set them in great estate cause your selues to bee feared of your enemies imploy your bodies to all pleasures leaue great possessions to your heyres rayse sumptuous buildinges to leaue memory of your persons I sweare by him that shall iudge mee that I haue more compassion to see your sinfull soules then I haue enuy to see your vicious liues for in the end all pastimes will vanish away and they shall leaue you for a gage to the hungry wormes of the earth O if Princes did consider though they haue beene borne Princes created and nourished in great estates that the day they are borne death immediately commeth to seeke the end of their life and taketh them here and there when they are sicke now tumbling then rising hee neuer leaueth them one houre vntill their wofull buriall Therefore sith it is true as indeed it is that that which Princes possesse in this life is but small that which they hope in the other is so great Truely I maruell why Princes the which shall lye so straight in the graue dare lye in such and so great largenesse in their life To be rich to be Lords and to haue great estates men should not thereof at all bee proude since they see how frayle mans condition is for in the end life is but lone but death is enheritage Death is a patrimony and heritage which successiuely is inherited but life is a right which dayly is surrendered For death counteth vs so much his own that oft times vnawares hee commeth to assault vs life taketh vs such strangers that oft times we not doubting thereof it vanisheth away If this thing then bee true why will Princes and great Lords presume to commaund a strange house which is this life as in their owne house which is the graue Leauing aside the sayd opinions I say that for sinne onely scruitude came to dwell in vs and entered into the world for if there had beene no sinners wee ought to beleeue there had beene no Lords nor seruants For asmuch as seruitude generally entreth into this World through sinne I say that the Seigniory of Princes is by the diuine commaundement for he sayeth By mee the King doth gouerne and by mee the Prince doth minister Iustice I conclude in this sort with this reason That since it is true Princes are sent by the hands of God for to gouerne vs Wee are bound in all and for all to obey them for there is no greater plague in a publike weale then to be disobedient to the Prince CHAP. XXXII How King Alexander the great after hee had ouercome King Datius in Asia went to conquer the great Indea and of that which happned vnto him with the Garamantes and how the good life hath more power then any force of warre IN the yeare of the Creation of the World 4970. in the first age of the World and in the 4027. yeares of the foundation of Rome Iado being High Priest in Hierusalew Decius and Mamilius at Rome Consuls in the third yeare of the Monarchie of the Greekes Alexander the Great sonne to Philip King of Macedonia gaue the last battell to Darius King of Persia wherein King Alexander escaped very sore wounded and Darius slaine so that the whole Empire of the Persians came vnder the gouernment of the Greeks For the vnfortunate Princes do not onely lose their liues with which they came into the world but also the Realmes which they did inherite After that Darius was dead and Alexander saw himselfe Lord of the field and that the Persians and Medes were become subiect to the Grecians though many Kings and Lords dyed in those cruell batailes yet it seemed to Alexander a trifle to be Gouernor of all Asia wherefore he determined in person to goe conquere the great India For Proude and stoute hearts obtayning that which they desire immediately beginne to esteeme it as little All his Armies repayred and placing gouernours in all the Realme of Asia Alexander departed to conquere the great India for hee had promised sworne to his gods that through all the World there should be but one Empire and that that should be his and moreouer that hee would neuer passe thorow any strange Realme or Country but it should giue obedience vnto him or else forthwith hee would destroy it for tyrannous harts haue neuer any regard to the damage of another vntill they haue obtained their wicked desires Alexander then going to conquer Realmes and destroy Prouinces by chance one sayde vnto him That on the other side of the mountaine Riphei towards the partes of India was a barbarous Nation which were called Garamantes as yet neuer conquered by the Persians and Medes Romaines nor Greekes neyther any of them euer triumphed ouer them for they had no weapons nor esteemed them not sith they had no riches King Alexander who for to conquer and subdue Realmes and strange countreys was very diligent hardy and to see new things very desirous determined not onely to send to see that countrey but also to goe himselfe in person and in that place to leaue of him some Memoriall which thing forthwith he accomplished For hee left them Altares as Hercules left in Gades pillars For mans heart is so stout that it Trauelleth not onely to compare with manie but also to excell all The Embassadours of Alexander were sent to Garamantes to aduertise them of the comming of King Alexander the great of the terrible and cruell battells which he in the warres had ouercome and to declare vnto them how the puissant K Darius was slayne and that all Asia was vnder his subiection and how euery Citie did yeelde themselues against

thee so much to keepe thy children from witches For otherwise the cursed Women will doe them more harme then the good milke shal profite them I haue beene moued and prouoked to write thus much vnto thee for the great loue which I do beare thee and also calling to minde that which thou when we were in the sacred Senate oft times toldest me which was that thou diddest desire a sonne And since now thou hast thy petition I would not thou shouldst prouoke the Gods wrath by sorceries For in the faith of a good man I doe sweare vnto thee that when the Fathers are in fauour with the Gods there needeth no sorceries vnto the Children I had manie other things to write vnto thee Some of the which I will cōmunicate with thy seruant Fronton rather then to send them by letters And maruel not at this for letters are so perillous that if a man be wise hee wil write no more in a close letter thē he would declare openly in Rome Pardon me my friend Dedalus though indeede I write not vnto thee as thy appetite would nor yet as my will desireth For thou hast need to know many things and I haue not leaue by letter to put thee in trust therewith I cannot tell what I should write vnto thee of me but that alwayes the Goute doth take me and the worst of all is that the more I growe in yeares the more my health diminisheth For it is an old course of mans frailtie that where wee thinke to goe most surest there haue we most lets The Popinjay which thou didst send me as soone as I receyued it my wife did seaze it and truely it is a maruellous pleasure to heare what thinges it doth speak but in the end the women are of such power that when they wil they impose silence to the liuing and cause that in the graues the dead men speake According to that I doe loue thee and according to that I owe thee and as I haue vsed that which I doe sende thee is very little I say it because that presently I do send thee but two horses of Barbarie twelue swords of Alexandrie and to Fronton thy seruant for a new yeares gift for his good newes I haue giuen him an Office which is worth to him 20. thousand Sexterces of Rent in Cecyl Faustine did bid mee I should send thy wife Perusa a cofer full of odoriferous odours of Palestine and another cofer full of her owne Apparrel the which as I thinke thou wilt not a little esteeme For naturally Women are of theyr owne Goods niggardes but in wasting spending of others very prodigall The Almighty gods bee with thee and preserue thee from euill fortune The which I humbly beseech to graunt that vnto thee and mee and vnto my wife Faustine and to thy wife Pertusa that we all meete merily together in Rome for the heart neuer receyueth such ioy as when hee seeth himselfe with his desired friend Marcus of Mount Celio writeth to thee with his own hand CHAP. XXV How excellent a thing it is for a Gentleman to haue an eloquent tongue ONe of the chiefest things that the Creatour gaue to man was to know and be able to speake for otherwise the soule reserued the brute beasts are of more value then dumbe men Aristotle in his Aesconomices without comparison prayseth more the Pythagoricall sort then the Stoicall saying that the one is more conforme to reason then the other is Pythagoras commaunded that al men which were dumbe and without speech should immediately and without contradiction be banished and expulsed from the people The cause why this Phylosopher had commanded such things was for so much as he saide that the tongue is moued by the motions of the soule and that he which had no tong had no soule And hee which hath no soule is but a brute beast and he that is a beast deserueth to serue in the fieldes among brute beasts It is a good thing not to bee dumbe as bruite beasts are and it is a greater thing to speake as the reasonable men doe but it is much more worthy to speake wel as the eloquent Philosophers doe For otherwise if hee which speaketh doth not weigh the sentences more then the wordes oft times the Popingayes shall content thē more which are in the cage then the men which doe reade in Schooles Iosephus in the booke De Bello Iudaico sayeth That King Herod not onely with his person and goods but also with all his friends and parents followed and gaue ayde to Marcus Anthonius and to his louer Cleopatra howbeit in the end Octauian had the victory For the man which for the loue of a woman doth enterprise conquests it is impossible that eyther he lose not his life or else that hee liue not in infamy Herod seeing that Marcus Antonius was dead determined to go towards the Emperour Octauian at whose feet he layd his crowne and made a notable Oration wherein hee spake so pleasant words and so high sentences that the Emperour Octauian did not onely pardon him for that hee was so cruell an enemie but also hee confirmed him again vnto his realm and tooke him for his deare and speciall friend For among the good men and noble hearts many euill workes are amended by a few good works If Blundus in the booke intituled Roma triumphante do not deceiue me Pirrus that great King of the Epirotes was stoute and hardy valiant in armes liberall in benefices patient in aduersities and aboue al renowned to be very sweet in words and sage in his answeres They sayde that this Pirrus was so eloquent that the man with whome once hee had spoken remained so much his that from that time forward in his absence hee tooke his part and declared his life and state in presence The aboue named Blundus sayed and Titus Liuius declareth the same That as the Romaines were of all things prouided seeing that King Pyrrus was so eloquent they prouided in the Senate that no Romane Ambassadour should speake vnto him but by a third person for otherwise he would haue perswaded them through his sweet words that they should haue returned againe to Rome as his procurers and soliciters Albeit Marcus Tullius Cicero was Senatour in the Senate Consull in the Empire rich amongst the rich and hardy amongst men of warre yet truely none of these qualities caused him eternall memorie but onely his excellent eloquence This Tullius was so esteemed in Rome for the eloquence of his tongue onely that oft times they heard him talke in the Senate three houres together without any man speaking one word And let not this bee little esteemed nor lightly passed ouer for worldly malice is of such condition that some man may easily speake foure houres then another man shal haue patience to heare him one minute Antonius Sobellicus declareth that in the time of Amilcares the Affrican a Philosopher named Afronio flourished in

of your faith neyther to thinke any daunger in your authoritie And if the thing be well considered it goeth well for you and not euill for me and the reason hereof is that eyther you are good or else you are euill If you be good you ought to be glad that daily your good seruices be reported vnto mee For the continual beating into the Princes eares of the good seruices of his Seruants must needes cause at the last theyr good seruices to be well rewarded If you bee euill and in teaching my Sonne negligent it is but reason that I bee thereof aduertised For if the Father be deceyued in his opinion the Sonne shal receiue poyson in his doctrine and also because you shall not vndoe my Realme nor slaunder mee by your euill councell If the fatall Destinies permitte that my Sonne be euill I am hee that loseth most therby for my Realme shall be destroyed and my renowne vtterly abolished and in the ende my Sonne shall not enioy the Heritage And if all passe so you will care little For you will say you are not in fault since the childe would not receiue your doctrine Wherefore mee thinkes it not euill done to ouer-see you as you ouersee him For my duety is to see that you be good and your duety is to trauell that your Disciples be not euill This King Seuleucus was an honourable man and died aged as Plutarche saieth and Patroclus more plainely declareth in the third book of the warre of the Assyrians and for the contrarie his sonne Antigonus came to be a wicked prince in all his doings And this a man may well perceiue that if he had not been of his Father so much corrected and of the Schoolmaisters so well instructed without doubt hee would haue proued much more wicked then he was For young men on the one parte beeing euill inclined and on the other parte euill taught it is vnpossible but in the end they should grow to be most vicious and defamed In my opinion though children be not euil inclined yet the fathers thereof ought not to cease to corect them for in time to come those that write will commend the diligence of the fathers in correcting the vices of their children I haue declared this example to counsel that the Father be not so negligent that he should vtterly forget to looke vnto his Sonne thinking that now the Maister hath charge of him And of my counsell that Father ought in this thing to bee so aduertised that if at the first hee behelde the Childe with two Eyes that then he should looke vnto him with sower eyes For oft times it is more requisite that the Masters be punished then the Schollers Though Princes are not dayly enformed of the life of the Masters as King Seleucus was yet at the least ofttimes they ought to enquire of the state of the life and of the behauior both of the Masters and also of the children And this thing they ought not to doe onely once but also they ought to call the Masters and counsel them likewise that they haue great respect to the doctrine of their children thinking alwayes to giue them good counsell to shew vnto their Schollers afterwards for otherwise the master immediately is discouraged when hee seeth the Father to be negligent and nothing carefull for the bringing vp of his children Princes in one thing ought to haue great respect that is to say least the Masters beare with the secret vices of children And he ought not to doe thus but also to call them vnto him to aduise them to warne them to pray them to counsell and commaund them that they haue great respect to the bringing vp of his children and further that he giue them some notable counsell to the entent that the Masters afterward may make relation thereof to their schollers for there is no man so weake nor child so tender but the force which hee hath to bee vicious is enough if hee will to be vertuous I would now demaund the Masters and Tutors which doe gouerne the children of noble and vertuous men what more strength is required to be a glutton then to be a sobermā to be a babler or to be silent to be diligent or to be negligent to be honest then to be dissolute and as of these few I speake so I could recite many others In this case I will not speake as a man of science but as one of experience and that is that by the faith of a Christian I sweare that with lesse trauell of the Master and more profite of the scholler hee may bee sooner vertuous then vicious For there is no more courage required in one to be euill then strength in an other for to be good Also the Masters commonly haue an other euill property worse then this which is they beare with theyr Schollers in some secret vices when they are young from the which they cannot bee withdrawne afterwards when they are olde For it chanceth oft times that the good inclination is ouercome by euill custome and certainely the Masters which in such a case should be apprehended ought to bee punished as Traytors periured For to the Master it is greater treason to leaue his Disciple among vices then to deliuer a Fort into the hands of the enemies And let no man maruell if I call such a Master a Traytor for the one yeeldeth the Fort which is but of stones builded but the other aduentureth his sonne who is of his proper body begotten The cause of all this euill is that as the children of Princes ought to enherite Realmes and the children of great Lords hope to enherite the great estates so the Masters are more couetous then vertuous For they suffer their puples to runne at their owne wils when they be young to the end to winne their harts when they shall be old so that the extreme couetousnesse of the Masters now a dayes is such that it causeth good mens sonnes commonly to bee euill and vicious O Tutors of princes and Masters of great Lords I doe admonish you and besides that I counsell you that your couetousnes deceiue you not thinking you shal be better esteemed for being clokers of vices then louers of vertues For there is none olde or young so wicked but knoweth that good is better then euill And further I may say to you in this case that oft times God permitteth when those that were children become olde their eyes to be opened whereby they knowe the harme that you haue don them in suffering them to be vicious in their youth at what time your duty had been to haue corrected theyr vices You thought as it should seeme by your goods to be honoured for your flatterie but you finde the contrary that you are despised worthily For it is the iust iudgement of GOD that hee that committeth euill shall not escape without punishment and hee that concealeth the euill committed shall not liue

the sinner our Sauiour Iesus Christ is our onely meane and Mediatour being called vpon by the Priest euen so betwixt the king and his Subiects that are suiters to his Maiesty those that are in fauour with the prince are mediators for them Now therefore if these Priestes bee double in their wordes and dissemblers in that they speake how shall the sinnes of the one be pardoned the businesse of the other dispatched Oh wofull and vnhappy sinner that putteth his sinnes into the hands of a naughty and wicked Priest and likewise vnfortunate and miserable is the poore suiter that comitteth his affaires to the trust dispatch of a lying and dissembling Officer There are many officers in princes Courts that tell the poore suiters still they will dispatch them but when it commeth to the push to followe the matter all his faire words are then but winde and indeede they make an arte of it to speake all men faire to promise much and to performe nothing weening with their sweete flattering wordes to winne the hearts and good wills of all little regarding the great expence and losse of time of the poor suter much lesse also respecting their owne honour honesties and credite Sure it were lesse dishonour for them to bee counted rough and churlish then to be bruted for Lyers and breakers of their promise The officer of the Princes pallace that is a dissembler and a Lyer in his words and doings hee may for a time maintaine his suites and goe through with his matters but in the ende his trecheries perceiued himselfe his fautor and all his dealings lye in the dust and are vtterly ouerthrowne Oh how many haue I seene rise in Courte of nothing to great matters and offices and this not through their painefull seruice but altogether by meanes of their deceipt and flatteries they vsed not exalted also for theyr merites but onely by a subtill meanes and pollicie they had to drawe water to their Mill nor for any good conscience they had but onely for theyr great diligence vsed in their practises And all this not without the preiudice of others but rather to the great hurt and vtter vndoing and ruine of theyr Neighbour and not for any bountie they had to giue liberally but a greedy and couetous a desire to get not for any needefull businesse but to haue those that are superfluous and not for to relieue the poore and needie but onely to satisfie their insatiable apetites and in fine their account cast wee haue seene after theyr death their goods confiscated their seruants dispersed and gon away and their Children vtterly vndone So that in briefe there was no more memorie of them in this world and GOD graunt also that in the other life their soules were not for euerdamned Courtyers may easilie with their fauour and credite attaine vnto great possessions as the Iudges may also in robbing the counsellers in pleading and maintaining naughtie causes the captaines in powling the Prince of the Souldyers wages the Merchaunts in their false weights and measures and their Brokers in telling lyes out of all measure But in the end of their journy pilgrimage they may be assured that the soules of the Fathers shall not only be damned in hell but the goods shall bee taken from their Children And also that that is truely and iustly gotten by the honest industry and trauell of the man with a good zeale and holie intent and to a good and iust ende it is written that it shall bee of long continuance by the good permission of GOD prayers of the people it shall also prosper and increase For the true gotten goods atchieued by the sweat and labour of man GOD doth alwayes prosper and augment And therefore continuing our matter I say that the princes officers ought to determine with themselues to bee vpright in all their actions and doings and aboue all true iust of their words which so performing they shall be sure to be beloued of all not alone of them that passe vnder their Lee but euen also of those whom they haue denyed fauour And also they need not to beafraid to speak boldly in all places where they come besides that they shal be reuerenced of all men Where to the contrarie if he be a lyer a babbler dissembler there are few that wil feare them much lesse loue them and least of all do them reuerence or honour And although wee cannot denie but that these officers of the Courte and other men of authoritie be wayted vpon visited accompanyed reuerenced and honoured of diuerse sortes of men yet it were a follie for vs to belieue that their traine and attendaunts doe them all that honour and reuerence for any desire they haue to doe them any seruice but only they vse all that curtesy and capping to get themselus their suites quickly dispatched And this to be true we see it daily by experience For when these suters haue at chiued their suite and desyre they doe not onely leaue off and giue ouer to accompanie him and to attend vpon him but moreouer they get them home without eyther thanking of him or once taking their leaue of him If all those that haue Function or Office of estate or dignitie hauing charge of the dispatch of great and weightie matters beeing also Lyers and dissemblers in their doings knew the yll reports that goe of them and how they condemn their corrupt and naughtic consciences me thinketh it impossible if they bee not altogether gracelesse but they must needs eyther change condition and estate or else quite giue vp their rooms and offices For they are in euery mans mouth called Bablers liers dissemblers traitors perjurers miserable auaricious and vicious And yet a worser thing then all this and that is whilest they liue a thousand complain of them and after they are dead and buried they take vp their bones out of the graue to hang them vp vpon a gibbet For thus saith the olde prouerbe Such life such ende So as we may say that to these officers aboue recited resteth nothing but only these goodly titles And herevnto we may adde also that Officers of like conditions to them need not to haue any to accuse them neyther yet to punish them For a time will come one day that they will plunge themselues so deepe into a Sea of troubles that it cannot be chosen but they must needs at last drown and vtterly perish or at the least bee driuen into the hauen of their greatest Enemyes so that they shall carrie the burden of their owne wickednes and bee condignely chastised with their owne follie Therefore I pray all those that shall read these writings of mine for to obserue them in their heart and imprint them well in minde beeing a matter of such Moralitie and wisdome that it can hardly be vnderstood of anie but of such as first haue had some proofe thereof Helius Sparthianus writeth that there was somtimes a

is also a great trouble and daungerous for a man to practise with new Iudges and to put their matters into their hands who onely were called to the place of a Iudge being thought learned and fitte for it and so brought to rule as a Magistrate For many times these young Iudges and new Physitians although they want not possible knowledge yet they may lacke a great deale of practise experience which is cause that one sort maketh many lose their liues before they doe come to rise in fame the other vndoe many a man in making him spēd all that euer he hath There is yet besides an other apparant daunger to haue to doe with these new and yong experienced iudges for when they come to sit newly in iudgement with their other brethren the Iudges hauing the lawe in their mouth to serue all turnes they doe but onely desire and study to winne fame and reputation amongst men and thereby to bee the better reputed of his brethren And for this cause only when they are assembled together in place of Iustice to giue iudgement of the pleas layde before them they doe not only inlarge themselues in alleadging many and diuers opinions of great learned men and booke cases So that the Hearers of them may rather thinke they haue studyed to shew their eloquence and learning then for to open the decision and iudgement of the cases they haue before them And for finall resolution I say that touching Pleas and Sutes I am of opinion that they should neyther truste the experience of the olde Iudge nor the learning and knowledge of the young But rather I reckon that man wise that seeketh by little and little to grow to an agreement with his aduersarie and that tarieth not many yeares to haue a lingring yea and possibly an vncertaine ende Also I would in some sort exhort the poore Plaintise not to bee ouer-curious to vnderstand the qualities of the iudge as a man would say If he be olde or young if he be learned or priuiledged if he be well studyed or but little if hee be a man of few or manie words if hee be afflicted or passionate tractable or selfe willed For possiblie beeing too inquisitiue to demaund of any of these things it might happen though hee did it vnawares yet hee should finde them afterwards all heaped togethers in the person of the Iudge to his hinderance and dammage in decyding his cause The wise Suter should not onely not seek to be inquisitiue of the iudge or his conditions but also if any man would seeme to tell him of him hee should giue no eare to him at all For if it come to the Iudges eares hee enquireth after his manner of liuing and condition hee will not onely be angry with him in his minde but will be also vnwilling to giue iudgement in his fauour The poore Siuter shall also meete with Terrible Iudges seuere intractable chollericke incommunicable and inexorable and yet for all this he may not looke vpon his nature nor condition but onely to regarde his good conscience For what neede hee care if the Iudge be of seuere and sharpe condition as long as he may be assured that hee is of good conscience It is as needefull for the vpright and good Iudge to haue a good and pure Conscience as it is to haue a skilfull head and iudgement in the Lawes For if he haue the one without the other hee may offend in malice and if hee haue that without the other hee may offend also in ignorance And if the suter come to speake with the Iudge and hee by chaunce finde him a sleepe hee must tarry till hee awake and if then hee will not or he cannot giue eare vnto him hee must bee contented And if he caused his man to say he were not within notwithstanding the suter saw him hee must dissemble it yea if the seruants giue him an ill answere he must take it in good worth For the wary and politike suter must not bee offended at any thing that is done or sayde to him till he see the definitiue sentence giuen with him or against him It is a maruellous trouble also to the suter to chuse his Counsellour for many times hee shall chuse one that shall want both law and conscience And some others shall chuse one that though on the one side hee lacke not Law yet on the other hee shall bee without both soule and conscience And this is apparantly seen that somtime for the gaine of twenty Nobles hee shall as willingly deny the truth and goe against his owne consciedce as at another time he will seeke for to maintaine Iustice It is true there are many other Counsellours also that are both wise and learned and yet notwithstanding they know the Law they can by no meanes frame it to his Clients case wanting deuice and conuayance to ioyne them together And so it happeneth many times that to compare it to his Clyants case hee conuaieth him so vnfitlie as of a plaine case it was before It is now made altogether a folde of infinite doubts I graunt that it is a great furtherance vnto the Clyants to haue a good and wise Counsellor but it is a great deale more for their profite if they can giue a sound and profound iudgement of his case For it is not ynough for the Counseller to bee able to expound the Law but it is behouefull for him to applie it to his purpose and to fit it to Time and Place according to the necessitie of his cause I haue knowne Counsellours my selfe that in their Chayres and Readings in their Halls haue seemed Eagles they haue flowne so high in their doctrine and interpretations but afterwards at the barre where they plead and in the face of their Court where they should best shewe themselues there they haue prooued themselues very capons And the onely cause of this is because they haue gotten by force of long trauell and continuall studie a knowledge to moote and read ordinarily their Book-cases in their chaires by common-practise and putting of them each to other But when they are taken out of common-trade and high beaten way and brought to a little path-way straighted to a Counsellers-room at the barre to pleade his Clyents strange and vnknowne case much contrarie to theyr Booke-cases before recited then stript of their common-knowledge and easie seate in chayre they stand now naked on their feete before the iudgement-seate like sense-lesse creatures voyde of reason and experience But now to supplye these imperfections of our rawe Counsellers and to further also our Clyents cause the better wee will that the Clyent be liberall and bountifull to his Counseller thereby the better to whette his wit and to make him also take paines to studie his ease throughly beeing true That the Counseller giueth Lawe as hee hath rewarde And that the Counseller also be carefull of his clyents cause and to goe through with that hee

taketh vpon him and truely to deserue that he taketh of euery man For else they will say and who can blame the poor soules That they are better takers then good dispatchers A foule blot to so great a vertue But well wee will compare them to their Brothers the Physitians who deale with their sicke Patients as the Lawyers do with their poore clyants For if you giue him not a piece of golde or two in his hand at each time of his visitation to restore the languishing bodie hee careth as little for the preseruation of his health whether hee liue or dye as the Lawyer doth for his clients case whether whether it goe with him or against him Moreouer my penne ceaseth not to write of the great troubles displeasures iourneyes expences and trauels that the poore suters haue with theyr Counsellours dayly as with their Atturneyes Soliciters Clerks Officers Registers and Sealers for want of matters to write on but onely for that they are so tedious matters and so foule examples that they deserue rather to bee remedied then written Therefore leauing this Law Discourse and returning againe to the priuate affaires of the Courtier abiding still in Court I say That the Courtier must learne to know the Noble men and chiefe Officers of the Prince As the Lord Chancellour the Lord Treasurer the Lord Marshall the Lord Steward the Lord Chamberlaine the Lord Priue Seale The Treasurer the Controller The master of the Horse The vice Chamberlaine the Secretary the captaine of the Guard and the Coferer And hee need not force to weigh their stocke and family whether they were rich or poore humble or proude stout or fearefull nor regard their qualities and complexions much lesse theyr persons saue onely their authoritie and office they haue And to say truly it cannot bee chosen but wee must come before these Iudges and Officers sometimes to beseech and pray them now for our owne priuate causes then for the misrule and offence of our seruants and also for the importunancy of our friendes in their matters to labour them for iustice and fauour And for this cause mee thinks it is a wise part of the courtier to get into fauour with the counsell and other officers of Iustice and to obtaine their good wils with continuall attendance of them in doing them seruice at a neede and also to entertaine them with some small presents to continue their fauour First before wee beginne to trouble them w●e must bee acquainted with them visite them and present them with somewhat For indeed it is a colde and vnfit thing to craue fauour at a Iudges hands whom we neuer knew nor did any seruice to The wise Courtier must beware also not to importune the Noble men and his friendes so much that for euery trifling thing hee would haue them to goe to the Iudges to solicite and entreate for him which I speake because I know there are some so vndiscreet that dayly doe importune the Iudges so much and for such trifles that afterwards with shame they are repulsed and denied in maters of great weight and importance And there are some also that solicite their matter with grauity and others with importunity to whome I will bee so bold to say and to tell them of it also that importunacie sheweth the simplicitie of the Suiter and grauity the honesty of the worthy Knights and Gentlemen Courtier It is but well done and meete for the Courtier that is a Suiter to be diligent to solicite his cause and to follow it throughlie but yet without troubling or importuning too oft the Iudges For if once the Iudges know him for an importunate and cumbersome suiter they will not onely not speake with him when hee comes but also they will not let him come in at the gate when they see him cōming to them And if hee happen to goe home to the Iudges house and that hee tell his tale to him standing let him in no wise care to sit downe and that his wordes hee speake to him bee fewe and his memorial he giues him briefe For obseruing this order hee shall at that time bee easily yea willingly and courteously heard of him and shall make him thinke that hereafter also he wil vse the like order with him When hee seeth that the Iudge is troubled and that his head is occupied let him in no case at that present offer to trouble him or to speake to him in his matter For admit hee were contented to heare you quietly though halfe vnwilling and to suffer you to tell your tale yet it is impossible hee should wholy vnderstand your case his heade being otherwise occupied And it is needfull also to shewe you that though the Iudge seeme to bee a little Melancholy or Collericke yet the Suiter neede not let for that to speake to him to open his case yea and to seeke to holde in with him still For many times wee see the Melancholy and ill-disposed Natures appeased and ouercome with the courteous and gentle conuersation I remember touching this matter I went once to the court to solicit the Iudge to pray him to dispatch my friends matter and that he might haue iustice And tooke my friend with me And the Iudge answered vs both that with all his heart hee would dispatch him and sware and sware againe to him that hee should haue iustice and that with right good wil hee would keepe his right all he could Nay sir sayd my friend to him whom the case touched I thanke you sir very much that you will dispatch mee quickly but where you say that you haue a great desire to keepe my right and iustice I vtterly appeale from that sentence For I come not sir and if it please you to followe your heeles and to waite vpon you to solicite my cause to the end you should keepe my right and detaine it from mee but that you should giue it to me For I promise you this sir if you once giue it me I meane neuer to trouble your worshipp hereafter with the keeping of it againe but will discharge you quite And now after all these things we haue spoken I conclude that whosoeuer curseth his enemy and seeketh reuenge of an iniury done him Let him not desire to see him poore and miserable neyther hated nor ill willed of any other dead nor banished but let him onely beseech God for to plague him with some ill sute For a man cannot deuise to take a greater reuenge of his enemy then to see him entangied in a vile sute to follow the Cour or to attend in Chauncerie CHAP. XI The Author changeth his matter and speaketh to the beloued of the Court admonishing them to bee pacient in their troubles and that they bee not partiall in the affayres of the Common weale THe Courtier shall doe well and wisely and chiefely if hee be noble and beloued to passe ouer the iniuries done him and to beare them patiently and neuer for to