the_o fluid_fw-la and_o that_o increase_v as_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n beneath_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o fluid_a increase_v 142_o par._n 8._o that_o water_n may_v be_v make_v as_o well_o to_o depress_v a_o body_n light_a than_o itself_o as_o to_o buoy_v it_o up_o 160_o par._n 9_o that_o what_o ever_o be_v say_v of_o positive_a levity_n a_o parcel_n of_o oil_n light_a than_o water_n may_v be_v keep_v in_o water_n without_o ascend_v in_o it_o 165_o par._n 10._o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o ascension_n of_o water_n in_o syphom_n and_o of_o its_o flow_n through_o they_o may_v be_v explicate_v without_o have_v a_o recourse_n to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n 170_o par._n 11._o that_o a_o solid_a body_n as_o ponderous_a as_o any_o yet_o know_v though_o near_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n it_o will_v sink_v by_o in_o own_o weight_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v place_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n then_o that_o of_o twenty_o time_n its_o own_o thickness_n it_o will_v not_o sink_v if_o its_o discern_v be_v not_o assist_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n 184_o appendix_n 1._o contain_v a_o answer_n to_o seven_o objection_n propose_v by_o a_o late_a learned_a writer_n to_o evince_v that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o water_n press_v not_o upon_o the_o low_a 193_o ap._n 2._o concern_v the_o reason_n why_o divers_a &_o other_o who_o descend_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o oppress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n 221_o imprimatur_fw-la robertus_fw-la say_v vicecancellarius_a oxon_n hydrostatical_a paradox_n make_v out_o by_o new_a experiment_n present_v to_o the_o royal_a society_n the_o lord_n viscount_n brouncker_fw-ge being_n then_o precedent_n may_v 1664._o my_o lord_n to_o obey_v the_o order_n of_o the_o society_n that_o forbid_v the_o make_n of_o preface_n and_o apology_n in_o account_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o which_o you_o expect_v from_o i_o i_o shall_v without_o any_o further_a preamble_n begin_v with_o take_v notice_n that_o upon_o perusal_n of_o paschall_n small_a french_a book_n which_o be_v put_v into_o my_o hand_n i_o find_v it_o to_o consist_v of_o two_o distinct_a treatise_n the_o one_o of_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o liquor_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o air._n as_o for_o this_o latter_a which_o i_o shall_v mention_v first_o because_o i_o can_v in_o very_o few_o word_n dispatch_v the_o little_a i_o have_v to_o say_v of_o it_o though_o it_o be_v a_o ingenious_a discourse_n and_o contain_v thing_n which_o if_o they_o have_v be_v publish_v at_o the_o time_n when_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v write_v will_v probable_o have_v be_v very_o welcome_a to_o the_o curious_a yet_o i_o have_v very_o little_a else_o to_o say_v of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n in_o regard_n that_o since_o that_o time_n such_o kind_n of_o experiment_n have_v be_v so_o prosecute_v that_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v needless_a and_o will_v not_o be_v acceptable_a to_o repeat_v what_o monsieur_n paschall_n have_v write_v in_o this_o society_n which_o have_v see_v the_o same_o truth_n and_o divers_a other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n more_o clear_o make_v out_o by_o experiment_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v by_o mounseur_fw-fr paschall_n and_o those_o other_o learned_a man_n that_o want_v the_o advantage_n of_o such_o engine_n and_o instrument_n as_o have_v in_o this_o place_n be_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o wherefore_o have_v already_o at_o a_o former_a meeting_n give_v you_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n a_o account_n of_o paschall_n ingenious_a invention_n of_o a_o pair_n of_o bellows_o without_o vent_n to_o measure_v the_o various_a pressure_n of_o the_o atmosphaere_n i_o remember_v nothing_o else_o that_o needs_o hinder_v i_o from_o proceed_v to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o his_o book_n the_o treatise_n of_o the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o liquor_n this_o i_o find_v so_o short_a and_o so_o worthy_a of_o the_o author_n that_o to_o give_v you_o all_o that_o i_o judge_v worth_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o it_o will_v oblige_v i_o to_o transcribe_v almost_o the_o whole_a tract_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v rather_o invite_v you_o to_o read_v the_o whole_a then_o divert_v you_o from_o the_o design_n by_o cull_v out_o any_o part_n of_o it_o yet_o if_o you_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v without_o something_o of_o more_o particular_a i_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o the_o discourse_n consist_v partly_o of_o conclusion_n and_o partly_o of_o experiment_n the_o former_a seem_v to_o i_o to_o be_v almost_o all_o of_o they_o there_o be_v but_o few_o that_o i_o doubt_v of_o consonant_n to_o the_o principle_n and_o law_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n but_o as_o for_o the_o latter_a the_o experimental_a proof_n he_o offer_v of_o his_o opinion_n be_v such_o that_o i_o confess_v i_o have_v no_o mind_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o the_o reason_n why_o notwithstanding_o that_o i_o like_v most_o of_o paschall_n assertion_n i_o decline_v employ_v his_o way_n of_o prove_v they_o be_v principal_o these_o first_o because_o though_o the_o experiment_n he_o mention_n be_v deliver_v in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o be_v usual_a in_o mention_v matter_n of_o fact_n yet_o i_o remember_v not_o that_o he_o express_o say_v that_o he_o actual_o try_v they_o and_o therefore_o he_o may_v possible_o have_v set_v they_o down_o as_o thing_n that_o must_v happen_v upon_o a_o just_a confidence_n that_o he_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o his_o ratiocination_n and_o of_o the_o reasonableness_n of_o this_o doubt_n of_o i_o i_o shall_v ere_o long_o have_v occasion_n to_o give_v a_o instance_n second_o whether_o or_o no_o monsieur_n paschall_n ever_o make_v these_o experiment_n himself_o he_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v very_o desirous_a that_o other_o shall_v make_v they_o after_o he_o for_o he_o suppose_v the_o phaenomena_n he_o build_v upon_o to_o be_v produce_v fifteen_o or_o twenty_o foot_n under_o water_n and_o one_o of_o they_o require_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v sit_v there_o with_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tube_n lean_v upon_o his_o thigh_n but_o he_o neither_o teach_v we_o how_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v enable_v to_o continue_v under_o water_n nor_o how_o in_o a_o great_a cistern_n full_a of_o water_n twenty_o foot_n deep_a the_o experimenter_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o discern_v the_o alteration_n that_o happen_v to_o mercury_n and_o other_o body_n at_o the_o bottom_n and_o three_o these_o experiment_n require_v not_o only_o tube_v twenty_o foot_n long_o and_o a_o great_a vessel_n of_o at_o least_o as_o many_o foot_n in_o depth_n which_o will_v not_o in_o this_o country_n be_v easy_o procure_v but_o they_o require_v brass_n cylinder_n or_o plugg_n make_v with_o a_o exactness_n that_o though_o easy_o suppose_v by_o a_o mathematician_n will_v scarce_o be_v find_v obtainable_a from_o a_o tradesman_n these_o difficulty_n make_v the_o experiment_n propose_v by_o monsieur_n paschall_n more_o ingenious_a than_o practicable_a i_o be_v induce_v on_o this_o occasion_n to_o bethink_v myself_o of_o a_o far_o more_o expeditious_a way_n to_o make_v out_o not_o only_o most_o of_o the_o conclusion_n wherein_o we_o agree_v but_o other_o that_o he_o mention_n not_o and_o this_o with_o so_o much_o more_o ease_n and_o clearness_n that_o not_o only_o this_o illustrious_a assembly_n but_o person_n no_o more_o than_o moderate_o verse_v in_o the_o vulgar_a principle_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n may_v easy_o enough_o apprehend_v what_o be_v design_v to_o be_v deliver_v if_o they_o will_v but_o bring_v with_o they_o a_o due_a attention_n and_o mind_n dispose_v to_o prefer_v reason_n and_o experience_n to_o vulgar_a opinion_n and_o author_n which_o last_o clause_n i_o annex_v because_o the_o follow_a discourse_n pretend_v to_o confute_v several_a of_o those_o challenge_v a_o right_a to_o except_v against_o their_o authority_n it_o not_o be_v my_o present_a task_n to_o deliver_v the_o element_n or_o a_o body_n of_o hydrostaticks_n but_o only_o ten_o or_o twelve_o paradox_n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v provable_a by_o this_o new_a way_n of_o make_v they_o out_o i_o shall_v to_o avoid_v confusion_n deliver_v they_o in_o as_o many_o distinct_a proposition_n after_o each_o of_o which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v in_o a_o proof_n or_o a_o explication_n to_o show_v both_o that_o it_o be_v true_a and_o why_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o to_o all_o these_o i_o shall_v to_o avoid_v needless_a repetition_n premise_v a_o word_n or_o two_o by_o way_n either_o of_o postulatum_fw-la or_o lemma_n and_o because_o i_o remember_v to_o what_o assembly_n i_o address_v this_o discourse_n i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o no_o other_o than_o a_o easy_a supposition_n i_o meet_v with_o in_o a_o short_a paper_n about_o a_o mercurial_a phaenomenon_n
the_o oil_n will_v not_o fall_v down_o at_o the_o low_a orifice_n though_o that_o be_v open_a but_o will_v remain_v suspend_v at_o the_o same_o height_n or_o near_o there_o about_o that_o it_o rest_v at_o before_o now_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n be_v a_o heavy_a fluid_n do_v as_o such_o tend_v downward_o and_o not_o be_v stop_v by_o the_o glass_n itself_o who_o low_a orifice_n be_v leave_v open_a it_o will_v certain_o fall_v down_o through_o the_o pipe_n if_o it_o be_v not_o keep_v suspend_v by_o the_o pressure_n upward_o of_o the_o water_n beneath_o it_o there_o appear_v no_o other_o cause_n to_o which_o the_o effect_n can_v reasonable_o be_v ascribe_v and_o this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o as_o we_o shall_v present_o see_v for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o any_o contrariety_n in_o nature_n betwixt_o the_o oil_n and_o the_o water_n as_o liquor_n that_o will_v not_o mingle_v be_v evident_a from_o hence_o that_o if_o you_o have_v remove_v your_o finger_n when_o the_o pipe_n be_v not_o so_o deep_o immerse_v in_o the_o glass_n but_o that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v a_o inch_n or_o two_o more_o elevate_v above_o that_o of_o the_o water_n in_o the_o glass_n then_o in_o our_o present_a case_n we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v the_o oil_n notwithstanding_o its_o presume_a contrariety_n to_o water_n will_v have_v free_o subside_v in_o the_o pipe_n till_o it_o have_v attain_v a_o aequipollency_n of_o pressure_n with_o the_o external_n water_n the_o reason_n therefore_o of_o the_o phaenomenon_n seem_v to_o be_v plain_o this_o suppose_v the_o imaginary_a surface_n on_o which_o the_o extremity_n q_n of_o the_o pipe_n p_o qui_fw-fr lean_v to_o be_v g_o h._n if_o that_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n on_o which_o the_o oil_n lean_v at_o q_o be_v as_o much_o and_o no_o more_o charge_v or_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o incumbent_n cylinder_n of_o oil_n q_o x_o than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o imaginary_a 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the_o part_n qui_fw-fr be_v unable_a to_o resist_v so_o great_a a_o pressure_n must_v necessary_o be_v thrust_v out_o of_o place_n by_o the_o descend_a oil_n second_o this_o subside_v will_v continue_v but_o till_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n be_v fall_v almost_o as_o low_o as_o that_o of_o the_o water_n without_o the_o pipe_n because_o then_o and_o not_o before_o the_o part_n at_o q_n be_v but_o as_o much_o press_v by_o the_o oil_n as_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n be_v by_o the_o water_n that_o lean_v upon_o they_o three_o it_o be_v a_o conclude_a circumstance_n to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o if_o the_o oil_n and_o water_n be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la you_o gentle_o lift_v up_o the_o pipe_n as_o from_o q_o to_o saint_n the_o depth_n of_o the_o water_n be_v lessen_v the_o oil_n in_o the_o pipe_n will_v grow_v praeponderant_a and_o therefore_o will_v fall_v out_o in_o drop_n or_o globul_n which_o by_o the_o great_a specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v buoy_v up_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n and_o there_o float_v and_o still_o as_o you_o lift_v up_o the_o pipe_n high_o and_o high_o towards_o the_o surface_n l_o m_o more_o and_o more_o of_o the_o oil_n will_v run_v out_o but_o if_o you_o stop_v the_o pipe_n any_o where_o in_o its_o ascent_n as_o at_o saint_n the_o effluxion_n of_o the_o oil_n will_v likewise_o be_v stop_v and_o at_o the_o imaginary_a superficies_n i_o k_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n from_o l_o to_z i_o or_o m_n to_o k_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n upon_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n be_v not_o near_o so_o great_a as_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n where_o the_o water_n have_v a_o great_a depth_n so_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o proportionate_a effluxion_n of_o the_o oil_n while_o the_o pipe_n be_v lift_v up_o from_o q_o to_o saint_n the_o remain_a cylinder_n of_o oil_n incumbent_n on_o saint_n be_v not_o able_a to_o press_v that_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n i_o k_o more_o strong_o than_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n be_v press_v by_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o they_o and_o if_o the_o pipe_n be_v lift_v up_o till_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v almost_o raise_v to_o v._o that_o be_v almost_o as_o high_a as_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n l_o m_o so_o much_o of_o the_o oil_n will_v for_o the_o reason_n already_o give_v run_v out_o that_o there_o will_v scarce_o be_v any_o leave_v in_o the_o pipe_n t_o v._n four_o but_o if_o when_o the_o pipe_n rest_v at_o the_o surface_n g_o h_n where_o the_o oil_n be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o water_n you_o shall_v instead_o of_o lift_v it_o from_o q_o to_o saint_n thrust_v it_o down_o from_o q_o to_o o_o then_o the_o external_n water_n will_v not_o only_o sustain_v the_o oil_n but_o make_v it_o ascend_v in_o the_o pipe_n to_o a_o height_n equal_a to_o the_o distance_n e_o g_o and_o so_o the_o pipe_n will_v contain_v beside_o a_o long_a cylinder_n of_o oil_n ae_n w_n a_o short_a one_o of_o water_n ae_n o._n for_o the_o pipe_n be_v transfer_v from_o the_o position_n p_o q_n to_o the_o position_n o_o n_o there_o be_v a_o new_a imaginary_a surface_n e_o f_o that_o pass_v by_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n now_o the_o part_n of_o this_o surface_n at_o o_o will_v not_o by_o the_o incumbent_a oil_n alone_o be_v press_v as_o much_o as_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o surface_n be_v by_o the_o incumbent_a water_n for_o the_o oil_n alone_o be_v but_o in_o aequilibrium_fw-la with_o the_o water_n when_o it_o be_v no_o deep_a than_o l_o g_o or_o h_n m_n so_o that_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o superficies_n e_o f_o be_v more_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o water_n than_o the_o part_n at_o o_o by_o the_o oil_n the_o oil_n must_v give_v place_n and_o be_v buoy_v up_o by_o the_o water_n which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o oil_n will_v be_v 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turpentine_n as_o will_v be_v obvious_a to_o they_o that_o have_v attentive_o consider_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o former_a paradox_n there_o be_v but_o this_o difference_n between_o this_o experiment_n and_o that_o there_o explain_v that_o here_o the_o water_n be_v in_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o vessel_n whereas_o there_o the_o oil_n be_v in_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o water_n in_o the_o vessel_n and_o if_o you_o either_o pour_v more_o oil_n into_o the_o glass_n or_o thrust_v the_o pipe_n deep_o into_o the_o oil_n you_o shall_v see_v that_o the_o water_n will_v be_v buoy_v up_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o pipe_n that_o be_v a_o heavy_a liquor_n will_v be_v lift_v up_o by_o a_o light_a and_o since_o by_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o first_o proposition_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o liquor_n be_v in_o this_o case_n raise_v in_o the_o pipe_n be_v the_o gravity_n of_o the_o liquor_n that_o raise_v it_o we_o must_v allow_v that_o a_o light_a 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not_o be_v amiss_o to_o add_v that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v confirm_v by_o experiment_n for_o if_o you_o take_v for_o instance_n a_o piece_n of_o lead_n and_o hang_v it_o by_o a_o horse_n hair_n that_o be_v suppose_v very_o near_o acquiponderant_a to_o water_n from_o one_o of_o the_o scale_n of_o a_o exact_a balance_n and_o when_o you_o have_v put_v a_o just_a connterpoize_n in_o the_o other_o scale_n suffer_v the_o lead_n to_o sink_v in_o a_o ressel_n of_o water_n till_o it_o be_v perfect_o cover_v with_o it_o but_o hang_v free_o in_o it_o the_o counterpoise_n will_v very_o much_o preponderance_n and_o part_n of_o the_o counterpoise_n be_v take_v out_o till_o the_o ballatice_n be_v again_o reduce_v to_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la you_o may_v easy_o by_o subduct_v what_o you_o have_v take_v out_o and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o whole_a weight_n of_o the_o lead_n in_o the_o air_n find_v what_o part_n of_o its_o weight_n it_o lose_v in_o the_o water_n and_o then_o if_o you_o weigh_v any_o 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light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n that_o will_v float_v upon_o water_n how_o shallow_a soever_o it_o be_v the_o question_n be_v how_o this_o praepollent_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n come_v to_o raise_v up_o the_o oil_n though_o there_o be_v perchance_o much_o more_o water_n for_o it_o to_o break_v its_o way_n through_o above_o it_o then_o beneath_o it_o the_o reason_n then_o of_o the_o emersion_n of_o light_a body_n in_o heavy_a fluid_n seem_v to_o be_v this_o that_o the_o endeavour_n upward_o of_o the_o water_n contiguous_a to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v strong_a than_o the_o endeavour_n downward_o of_o the_o same_o body_n and_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o it_o as_o in_o the_o former_a scheme_n suppose_v the_o drop_n g_o to_o be_v the_o oil_n of_o turpentine_n and_o to_o touch_v the_o two_o imaginary_a and_o parallel_a plain_n h_n i_o k_o l_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o drop_n n_o there_o be_v a_o great_a pressure_n of_o water_n then_o upon_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o same_o drop_n m_o because_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o surface_n k_o l_o there_o be_v but_o a_o uniform_a pressure_n of_o water_n a_o k_o b_o l_o and_o upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n h_n i_o there_o be_v a_o great_a weight_n of_o water_n a_o h_n b_o i_o except_o at_o the_o part_n n_o for_o there_o the_o oil_n g_o be_v not_o so_o heavy_a as_o so_o much_o water_n the_o oil_n be_v expose_v to_o a_o great_a pressure_n from_o beneath_o than_o its_o own_o gravity_n and_o that_o of_o the_o water_n incumbent_a on_o it_o will_v enable_v it_o to_o resist_v must_v necessary_o give_v way_n and_o be_v impel_v upward_o and_o the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o between_o that_o and_o any_o other_o parallel_n plain_a wheresoever_o we_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v in_o its_o ascent_n it_o must_v consequent_o be_v impel_v further_a and_o further_o upward_o till_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o top_n and_o there_o it_o will_v float_v upon_o the_o water_n or_o to_o explicate_v the_o matter_n without_o figure_n when_o a_o specifical_o light_a body_n be_v immerse_v under_o water_n it_o be_v press_v against_o by_o two_o pillar_n of_o water_n the_o one_o bear_v against_o the_o upper_a and_o the_o other_o against_o the_o low_a part_n and_o because_o the_o length_n of_o both_o these_o pillar_n must_v be_v compute_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n must_v be_v press_v upon_o by_o a_o pillar_n long_o than_o the_o upper_a part_n by_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o immersed_a body_n and_o consequent_o must_v be_v press_v more_o upward_o then_o downward_o and_o by_o how_o much_o the_o great_a disparity_n of_o specific_a gravity_n there_o be_v betwixt_o the_o water_n and_o the_o emerge_a body_n by_o so_o much_o the_o swift_a caeteris_fw-la paribus_fw-la it_o will_v ascend_v because_o so_o much_o the_o more_o will_v there_o be_v of_o pressure_n upon_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a surface_n then_o upon_o that_o part_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v contiguous_a to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ascend_a body_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n we_o may_v give_v what_o we_o have_v not_o yet_o meet_v with_o a_o good_a solution_n of_o that_o problem_n propose_v by_o hydrostatical_a writer_n why_o if_o a_o cylindrical_a stick_n be_v cut_v in_o two_o part_n the_o one_o as_o long_o again_o as_o the_o other_o and_o both_o of_o they_o have_v be_v detain_v under_o water_n at_o the_o same_o depth_n be_v let_v go_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o permit_v to_o emerge_n the_o great_a will_v rise_v fast_o than_o the_o lesser_a for_o suppose_v one_o of_o these_o body_n as_o o_o p_o to_o be_v two_o foot_n high_a and_o the_o other_o q_o r_o to_o be_v half_a so_o much_o and_o that_o the_o lowermost_a surface_n of_o both_o be_v in_o the_o same_o imaginary_a plain_n parallel_n to_o the_o uppermost_a surface_n of_o the_o water_n and_o three_o foot_n distant_a from_o it_o in_o this_o case_n there_o will_v be_v against_o the_o low_a part_n of_o each_o of_o the_o wooden_a body_n a_o pressure_n from_o the_o lateral_o superior_a water_n equal_a to_o that_o upon_o all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o imaginary_a plain_n whereto_o those_o body_n be_v contiguous_a but_o whereas_o upon_o the_o upper_a surface_n of_o the_o short_a body_n q_n r_o there_o will_v lean_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n two_o foot_n high_a the_o pillar_n of_o the_o same_o liquor_n that_o will_v lean_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tall_a body_n p_o o_o will_v be_v but_o one_o foot_n high_a as_o the_o attentive_a considerer_n will_v easy_o perceive_v so_o that_o the_o wooden_a body_n being_n light_a in_o specie_fw-la then_o water_n both_o of_o they_o will_v be_v impel_v upward_o but_o that_o compound_a pillar_n if_o i_o may_v so_o call_v it_o which_o consist_v of_o one_o foot_n of_o wood_n and_o two_o foot_n of_o water_n will_v by_o its_o gravity_n more_o resist_v the_o be_v raise_v then_o that_o which_o consist_v of_o two_o foot_n of_o wood_n and_o but_o one_o foot_n of_o water_n so_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o unequal_a celerity_n in_o the_o ascension_n of_o these_o body_n consist_v chiefl_o for_o i_o will_v neither_o overvalue_v nor_o exclude_v concomitant_a cause_n that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o pressure_n against_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a part_n of_o each_o body_n respective_o be_v great_a in_o one_o then_o in_o the_o other_o and_o hence_o we_o may_v probable_o deduce_v a_o reason_n of_o what_o we_o often_o observe_v in_o the_o distillation_n of_o the_o oil_n of_o annisseed_n clove_n and_o diverse_a aromatic_a vegetable_n in_o lembeck_n by_o the_o
other_o part_n of_o the_o same_o superficies_n and_o consequent_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o of_o those_o liquor_n will_v subside_o but_o they_o will_v both_o rest_n in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la but_o here_o it_o will_v not_o he_o amiss_o to_o note_v first_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o the_o glass_n cylinder_n l_o m_o n_o shall_v be_v all_o of_o the_o same_o length_n since_o the_o low_a orifice_n be_v open_a the_o water_n will_v rise_v to_o the_o same_o height_n within_o they_o whether_o the_o part_n immerse_v under_o the_o water_n be_v exact_o of_o the_o same_o length_n or_o no._n and_o second_o that_o throughout_o all_o this_o discourse_n and_o particular_o in_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o paradox_n we_o suppose_v either_o that_o the_o slender_a pipe_n that_o be_v employ_v about_o these_o experiment_n be_v of_o a_o moderate_a size_n and_o not_o exceed_v small_a or_o that_o in_o case_n they_o be_v very_o small_a allowance_n be_v make_v in_o such_o pipe_n for_o this_o property_n that_o water_n will_v rise_v in_o they_o to_o a_o great_a height_n then_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o bare_a counterpoise_n of_o either_o the_o water_n or_o the_o oil_n that_o impel_v it_o upward_o and_o keep_v it_o suspend_v but_o this_o difference_n be_v of_o so_o little_a moment_n in_o our_o present_a inquiry_n that_o we_o may_v safe_o neglect_v it_o as_o hereafter_o we_o mean_v to_o do_v now_o we_o have_v take_v this_o notice_n of_o it_o for_o prevention_n of_o mistake_n paradox_n vi._n if_o a_o body_n be_v place_v under_o water_n with_o its_o uppermost_a surface_n parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n how_o much_o water_n soever_o there_o may_v be_v on_o this_o or_o that_o side_n above_o the_o body_n the_o direct_a pressure_n sustain_v by_o the_o body_n for_o we_o now_o consider_v not_o the_o lateral_a nor_o the_o recoil_n pressure-to_a which_o the_o body_n may_v be_v expose_v if_o quite_o environ_v with_o water_n be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o a_o column_n of_o water_n have_v the_o horizontal_a superficies_n of_o the_o body_n for_o its_o basis_n and_o the_o perpendicular_a depth_n of_o the_o water_n for_o its_o height_n and_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o water_n that_o lean_v upon_o the_o body_n be_v contain_v in_o pipe_n open_a at_o both_o end_n the_o pressure_n of_o the_o water_n be_v to_o be_v estimate_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o pillar_n of_o water_n who_o basis_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o pipe_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n and_o its_o height_n equal_a to_o a_o perpendicular_a reach_v thence_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n though_o the_o pipe_n be_v much_o incline_v towards_o the_o horizon_n or_o though_o it_o be_v irregular_o shape_v and_o much_o broad_a in_o some_o part_n than_o the_o say_a orifice_n stevinus_n in_o the_o ten_o proposition_n of_o his_o hydrostatical_a element_n have_v propose_v in_o more_o general_a term_n the_o former_a part_n of_o our_o paradox_n annex_v to_o see_v a_o demonstration_n to_o this_o purpose_n if_o the_o bottom_n e_o f_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o great_a weight_n then_o that_o of_o the_o water_n g_o h_o f_o e_o that_o surplusage_n must_v come_v from_o the_o adjoin_a water_n therefore_o if_o it_o be_v possible_a let_v it_o be_v from_o the_o water_n a_o g_o e_o d_o &_o h_n b_o c_o f_o which_o grant_v the_o bottom_n d_o e_o will_n likewise_o have_v a_o great_a weight_n incumbent_n on_o it_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o the_o neighbour_a water_n g_z h_o f_o e_o then_z that_o of_o the_o water_n a_o g_o e_o d._n and_o the_o reason_n be_v the_o same_o in_o all_o the_o three_o case_n the_o basis_n f_o c_o must_v sustain_v a_o great_a weight_n then_o that_o of_o the_o water_n h_o b_o c_o f._n and_o therefore_o the_o whole_a bottom_n d_o c_o will_n have_v a_o great_a weight_n incumbent_n on_o it_o then_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a water_n a_o b_o c_o d_o which_o yet_o a_o b_o c_o d_o be_v a_o rectangular_a body_n will_v be_v absurd_a and_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o reason_v you_o may_v evince_v that_o the_o bottom_n e_o f_o sustain_v no_o less_o a_o weight_n then_o that_o of_o the_o water_n g_o h_o f_o e._n and_o so_o since_o it_o sustain_v neither_o a_o great_a weight_n nor_o a_o less_o it_o must_v sustain_v just_a as_o much_o weight_n as_o the_o column_n of_o water_n g_o h_o f_o e._n this_o demonstration_n of_o the_o learned_a stevinus_n may_v well_o enough_o be_v admit_v by_o a_o naturalist_n though_o according_a to_o some_o hypothesis_n touch_v the_o cause_n and_o nature_n of_o gravity_n it_o may_v fail_v of_o mathematical_a exactness_n and_o by_o it_o may_v be_v confirm_v the_o first_o part_n of_o our_o propose_a paradox_n and_o some_o thing_n annex_v by_o stevinus_n to_o this_o demonstration_n may_v be_v also_o apply_v to_o countenance_v the_o second_o but_o because_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o noble_a and_o useful_a subject_n of_o the_o hydrostaticks_n we_o think_v it_o worth_a while_n to_o illustrate_v after_o our_o manner_n each_o of_o the_o two_o part_n of_o our_o paradox_n by_o a_o sensible_a experiment_n first_o then_o take_v a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n of_o a_o even_a boar_n turn_v up_o at_o one_o end_n like_o the_o annex_v syphon_n 8._o into_o this_o syphon_n suck_v oil_n of_o turpentine_n till_o the_o liquor_n have_v fill_v the_o short_a leg_n and_o be_v raise_v 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n in_o the_o long_o then_o nimble_o stop_v the_o upper_a orifice_n with_o your_o finger_n thrust_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o syphon_n so_o far_o into_o a_o deep_a glass_n full_a of_o water_n that_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n in_o the_o long_a leg_n of_o the_o pipe_n may_v be_v but_o a_o little_a high_o than_o that_o of_o the_o external_n water_n and_o upon_o the_o removal_n of_o your_o finger_n you_o will_v find_v the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n to_o vary_v but_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o its_o former_a station_n and_o as_o if_o you_o then_o thrust_v the_o 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raise_n of_o the_o pipe_n the_o height_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n be_v lessen_v the_o oil_n do_v more_o than_o counterbalance_n it_o as_o appear_v by_o its_o flow_v out_o of_o the_o syphon_n we_o may_v well_o conclude_v that_o though_o thence_o be_v in_o the_o vessel_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o water_n high_a than_o the_o immersed_a orifice_n of_o the_o syphon_n and_o it_o will_v be_v all_o one_o though_o the_o syphon_n be_v placid_a at_o the_o same_o depth_n in_o a_o pond_n or_o lake_n yet_o of_o all_o that_o water_n no_o more_o do_v gravitate_fw-la upon_o the_o orifice_n then_o that_o which_o be_v place_v direct_o over_o it_o which_o be_v such_o a_o pillat_n of_o water_n as_o the_o paradox_n describe_v and_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v hence_o learn_v that_o though_o water_n be_v not_o include_v in_o pipe_n yet_o it_o may_v press_v as_o regular_o upon_o a_o subjacent_a body_n as_o if_o it_o be_v and_o therefore_o we_o may_v well_o enough_o conceive_v a_o pillar_n of_o water_n 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trial_n wherefore_o we_o will_v substitute_v a_o way_n which_o may_v be_v try_v in_o a_o glass_n tube_n not_o two_o foot_n deep_a by_o the_o help_n of_o another_o peculiarly_a contrive_a glass_n to_o be_v prepare_v by_o a_o skilful_a hand_n provide_v then_o a_o glass_n tube_n a_o b_o c_o d_o of_o a_o good_a wideness_n and_o half_a a_o yard_n or_o more_o in_o depth_n provide_v also_o a_o syphon_n of_o two_o leg_n f_o k_o and_o k_o g_o whereunto_o be_v join_v at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o syphon_n a_o pipe_n e_o k_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n communicate_v with_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o syphon_n 18._o so_o that_o if_o you_o shall_v pour_v in_o water_n at_o e_o it_o will_v run_v out_o at_o f_o and_o g._n to_o each_o of_o the_o two_o leg_n of_o this_o new_a syphon_n must_v be_v tie_v with_o a_o string_n a_o pipe_n of_o glass_n i_o and_o h_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n and_o open_a at_o the_o other_o at_o which_o it_o admit_v a_o good_a part_n 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your_o hand_n that_o you_o will_v imagine_v some_o ponderous_a weight_n be_v lay_v upon_o it_o and_o i_o remember_v by_o such_o a_o experiment_n i_o have_v not_o only_o have_v my_o hand_n put_v to_o much_o pain_n but_o have_v have_v the_o back_n of_o it_o so_o bend_v downward_o as_o if_o it_o be_v go_v to_o be_v break_v but_o though_o such_o consideration_n as_o these_o may_v much_o lessen_v the_o difficulty_n of_o our_o phaenomenon_n who_o cause_n be_v inquire_v into_o yet_o still_o it_o seem_v somewhat_o odd_a to_o i_o that_o since_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o by_o stevinus_n his_o confession_n that_o there_o be_v a_o vast_a pressure_n of_o water_n against_o every_o part_n of_o the_o body_n who_o endeavour_n tend_v inward_a so_o exceed_o forcible_a a_o pressure_n which_o thrust_v for_o instance_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o thigh_n against_o the_o bone_n the_o skin_n and_o flesh_n of_o the_o thorax_n against_o the_o rib_n shall_v 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suffer_v neither_o water_n nor_o air_n to_o get_v by_o betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o internal_a surface_n of_o the_o glass_n we_o also_o provide_v some_o small_a tadpole_n or_o gyrini_n about_o a_o inch_n long_a or_o less_o which_o sort_n of_o animal_n we_o make_v choice_n of_o before_o any_o other_o partly_o because_o they_o can_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o smallness_n swim_v free_o to_o &_o fro_o in_o so_o little_a water_n as_o our_o pipe_n contain_v &_o partly_o because_o those_o creature_n be_v as_o yet_o but_o in_o their_o infancy_n be_v more_o tender_a and_o consequent_o far_o more_o expose_v to_o be_v injure_v by_o compression_n than_o other_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o bulk_n but_o come_v to_o their_o full_a age_n and_o growth_n will_v be_v as_o indeed_o such_o young_a tadpole_n be_v so_o soft_a and_o tender_a that_o they_o seem_v in_o comparison_n to_o the_o big_a sort_n of_o fly_n to_o be_v but_o organise_v jelly_n one_o of_o these_o tadpole_n be_v put_v into_o the_o water_n and_o some_o inch_n of_o air_n be_v leave_v in_o the_o pipe_n for_o the_o use_n anon_o to_o be_v mention_v the_o water_n and_o air_n and_o consequent_o the_o tadpole_n be_v by_o the_o intrusion_n of_o the_o plug_n or_o rammer_n with_o as_o great_a a_o force_n as_o a_o man_n be_v able_a to_o employ_v violent_o compress_v and_o yet_o though_o the_o tadpole_n seem_v to_o be_v compress_v into_o a_o little_a less_o bulk_n than_o it_o be_v of_o before_o it_o swim_v free_o up_o and_o down_o the_o water_n without_o forbear_v sometime_o to_o ascend_v to_o the_o very_a top_n though_o the_o instrument_n be_v hold_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o horizon_n nor_o do_v it_o clear_o appear_v to_o we_o that_o the_o little_a animal_n be_v injure_v by_o this_o compression_n and_o most_o manifest_a it_o be_v he_o be_v not_o crush_v to_o death_n or_o sensible_o hurt_v by_o it_o and_o have_v repeat_v this_o experiment_n several_a time_n &_o with_o tadpole_n of_o differ_v age_n we_o may_v i_o presume_v safe_o conclude_v that_o the_o texture_n of_o animal_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o though_o water_n be_v allow_v to_o weigh_v upon_o water_n yet_o a_o diver_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v oppress_v by_o it_o since_o whether_o or_o no_o water_n weigh_v in_o water_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o our_o experiment_n the_o water_n and_o consequent_o the_o tadpole_n be_v very_o forcible_o by_o a_o external_n agent_n compress_v betwixt_o the_o violent_o condense_v air_n and_o the_o rammer_n and_o by_o the_o notice_n we_o take_v of_o the_o quantity_n of_o air_n before_o the_o compression_n begin_v and_o that_o to_o which_o it_o be_v reduce_v by_o compression_n the_o moderate_v estimate_n we_o can_v make_v be_v that_o it_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o eight_o or_o ten_o part_n of_o its_o former_a space_n and_o so_o according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v the_o pressure_n that_o be_v upon_o the_o air_n and_o consequent_o upon_o the_o water_n and_o the_o include_v tadpole_n be_v as_o great_a as_o that_o of_o a_o cylinder_n of_o water_n of_o above_o 200_o if_o not_o 300_o foot_n high_a and_o yet_o all_o this_o weight_n be_v unable_a to_o oppress_v or_o so_o much_o as_o manifest_o to_o hurt_v the_o tender_a tadpole_n which_o a_o very_a small_a weight_n will_v suffice_v to_o have_v crush_v if_o it_o press_v only_o upon_o one_o part_n of_o it_o and_o not_o upon_o the_o other_o we_o may_v thence_o learn_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o we_o have_v be_v endeavour_v to_o evince_v that_o though_o water_n be_v allow_v to_o press_v against_o water_n and_o all_o immersed_a body_n yet_o a_o diver_n may_v very_o well_o remain_v unoppress_v at_o a_o great_a depth_n under_o water_n as_o long_o as_o the_o pressure_n of_o it_o be_v uniform_a against_o all_o the_o part_n expose_v thereunto_o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la about_o this_o passage_n see_v the_o publisher_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n chief_o in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o unpublished_a part_n of_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o osefulness_n of_o experimental_a philosophy_n philosophy_n a_o account_n of_o this_o passage_n also_o may_v be_v have_v from_o the_o publisher_n advertisement_n to_o the_o reader_n reader_n that_o excellent_a mathematician_n the_o learned_a dr_n wallis_n savilian_n professor_n of_o geometry_n this_o experiment_n and_o the_o explication_n of_o it_o if_o to_o some_o they_o shall_v here_o seem_v somewhat_o obscure_a will_v be_v easy_o understand_v by_o the_o figure_n and_o explication_n belong_v to_o the_o first_o ensue_a paradox_n see_v the_o second_o figure_n in_o certain_a note_n upon_o some_o of_o the_o physics-mechanical_a experiment_n touch_v the_o air_n fig._n 3._o fig._n 1._o 2._o fig._n 4._o fig._n 5._o see_v paradox_n the_o six_o fig._n 6._o fig._n 8._o figur_n 9_o fig._n 10._o fig._n 11._o see_v fig._n 12._o fig._n 13._o fig._n 14._o see_v the_o proof_n of_o the_o 11._o paradox_n fig._n 15._o fig._n 16._o fig._n 17._o fig._n 18._o in_o the_o physicomechanical_a experiment_n fig._n 19_o 19_o the_o word_n about_o be_v add_v because_o indeed_o the_o author_n as_o he_o elsewhere_o deliver_v do_v by_o exact_a scale_n find_v brass_n to_o weigh_v between_o eight_o or_o nine_o time_n as_o much_o as_o water_n but_o judge_v it_o needless_a to_o his_o present_a argument_n and_o inconvenient_a to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o fraction_n fig._n 20._o in_o the_o history_n of_o fluidity_n &_o firmness_n second_o tom_n lettre_fw-fr 32._o fig._n 22._o stevinus_n hydrostat_fw-la lib._n 5._o pag._n 149._o sed_fw-la exemple_n clarius_fw-la ita_fw-la intelliges_fw-la este_fw-la abcd_n aqua_fw-la cujus_fw-la fundum_fw-la d_o c_o in_fw-la quo_fw-la foramen_fw-la e_o habeat_fw-la epistimeus_n sibi_fw-la iesertum_fw-la cui_fw-la dorso_n incumbat_fw-la homo_fw-la f_o quae_fw-la cum_fw-la ita_fw-la fiat_fw-la ab_fw-la aqua_fw-la pondere_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidente_fw-la nulla_fw-la pars_fw-la corporis_fw-la luxari_fw-la poterit_fw-la cum_fw-la aqua_fw-la ut_fw-la dictus_fw-la est_fw-la undiquaque_fw-la aqualiter_fw-la urgeat_fw-la fig._n 23._o si_fw-mi vero_fw-la ejus_fw-la veritatem_fw-la explorare_fw-la libeat_fw-la eximito_fw-la epistemiun_n tumque_fw-la tergum_fw-la nulla_fw-la re_fw-la fultum_fw-la sustinebitur_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o locis_fw-la cateris_fw-la ideoque_fw-la istic_fw-la tanto_fw-la pressu_fw-la afficietur_fw-la quantus_fw-la tertio_fw-la exemple_n secunda_fw-la propositionis_fw-la huius_fw-la demonstratus_fw-la est_fw-la vidquantam_fw-la efficit_fw-la columna_fw-la aquea_fw-la cujus_fw-la basis_n sit_fw-la foramica_fw-la e_z altitudo_fw-la autem_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la aqua_fw-la ipsi_fw-la insidentis_fw-la quo_fw-la exemplo_fw-la propositi_fw-la veritas_fw-la manifest_a declaratur_fw-la fig._n 24._o