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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n body_n humour_n whole_a 1,396 5 4.7663 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A19232 The commonvvealth and gouernment of Venice. VVritten by the Cardinall Gasper Contareno, and translated out of Italian into English, by Lewes Lewkenor Esquire. VVith sundry other collections, annexed by the translator for the more cleere and exact satisfaction of the reader. With a short chronicle in the end, of the liues and raignes of the Venetian dukes, from the very beginninges of their citie; De magistribus et republica Venetorum. English Contarini, Gasparo, 1483-1542.; Lewkenor, Lewis, Sir, d. 1626. 1599 (1599) STC 5642; ESTC S108619 143,054 250

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whereby_o any_o man_n of_o how_o slow_a conceit_n soever_o may_v perceive_v the_o fitness_n &_o necessity_n of_o that_o of_o which_o we_o speak_v before_o that_o be_v that_o something_o more_o divine_a than_o man_n shall_v rule_v and_o govern_v the_o company_n of_o man_n for_o a_o man_n be_v advance_v to_o this_o office_n of_o government_n as_o man_n endue_v with_o wisdom_n and_o integrity_n be_v rare_a and_o they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n may_v err_v in_o judge_v and_o decern_v thing_n through_o the_o force_n of_o their_o affection_n which_o do_v perturb_v and_o divert_v the_o mind_n from_o her_o true_a course_n and_o intention_n it_o follow_v of_o necessity_n that_o thing_n can_v go_v so_o currant_n as_o they_o shall_v yea_o though_o it_o may_v be_v so_o that_o we_o may_v find_v out_o a_o man_n
it_o be_v ordain_v by_o our_o ancestor_n that_o the_o common_a people_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o this_o company_n of_o citizen_n in_o who_o authority_n consist_v the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n then_o that_o this_o definition_n of_o citizen_n be_v not_o with_o less_o wisdom_n measure_v rather_o by_o the_o nobility_n of_o lineage_n than_o the_o greatness_n of_o wealth_n as_o in_o ancient_a commonwealthe_n it_o be_v wont_a &_o as_o many_o old_a philosopher_n do_v prescribe_v for_o though_o the_o city_n be_v the_o company_n of_o citizen_n yet_o all_o those_o man_n who_o travail_n the_o city_n need_v yea_o and_o that_o dwell_v within_o the_o wall_n thereof_o be_v not_o general_o to_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o number_n nor_o register_v in_o the_o right_n of_o citizen_n for_o every_o city_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o artificer_n and_o many_o mercenary_a people_n and_o hire_v servant_n of_o which_o none_o can_v be_v true_o term_v a_o citizen_n for_o a_o citizen_n be_v a_o free_a man_n but_o those_o be_v all_o servile_a either_o private_o or_o public_o for_o mercenary_a man_n servant_n mercenary_a man_n and_o artificer_n to_o be_v hold_v as_o public_a servant_n &_o artificer_n be_v all_o to_o be_v account_v as_o public_a servant_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v believe_v that_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v not_o otherwise_o make_v of_o nature_n than_o it_o be_v needful_a that_o the_o city_n shall_v be_v of_o man_n for_o as_o in_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v many_o part_n that_o have_v no_o life_n yet_o the_o creature_n need_v they_o towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o life_n so_o in_o a_o company_n of_o citizen_n there_o be_v a_o necessary_a use_n of_o many_o man_n who_o nevertheless_o ought_v neither_o to_o be_v nor_o to_o be_v repute_v or_o place_v in_o the_o number_n of_o citizen_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v wise_o ordain_v of_o our_o ancestor_n that_o the_o whole_a people_n shall_v not_o have_v power_n in_o this_o commonwealth_n which_o they_o desire_v to_o fashion_v in_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o perfection_n because_o many_o trouble_n &_o popular_a tumult_n arise_v in_o those_o city_n who_o government_n be_v sway_v by_o the_o common_a people_n which_o we_o have_v also_o read_v have_v be_v observe_v in_o sundry_a commonwealthe_n &_o also_o deliver_v in_o way_n of_o precept_n by_o many_o and_o great_a philosopher_n yet_o many_o be_v of_o contrary_a opinion_n deem_v that_o it_o will_v do_v well_o if_o this_o manner_n of_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n shall_v rather_o be_v define_v by_o ability_n and_o abundance_n of_o riches_n but_o here_o again_o they_o fall_v into_o great_a absurdity_n riches_n the_o absurdity_n of_o those_o that_o elect_v the_o ruler_n &_o magistrate_n of_o their_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o abundance_n of_o their_o riches_n and_o no_o small_a inconvenience_n for_o it_o happen_v often_o that_o those_o of_o the_o base_a sort_n yea_o of_o the_o very_a scum_n of_o the_o people_n do_v scrape_v together_o great_a wealth_n as_o those_o that_o apply_v themselves_o to_o filthy_a art_n and_o illiberal_a occupation_n never_o spare_v the_o toilsome_a and_o careful_a wear_n out_o of_o their_o life_n but_o with_o a_o intolerable_a save_n defraud_v themselves_o of_o the_o comfort_n of_o life_n thereby_o to_o increase_v their_o substance_n contrariwise_o the_o honest_a citizen_n and_o those_o that_o be_v liberal_o bring_v uppe_o oftentimes_o fall_v to_o poverty_n either_o as_o it_o often_o happen_v by_o adverse_a fortune_n or_o else_o that_o be_v whole_o addict_v to_o noble_a and_o liberal_a study_n they_o neglect_v the_o increase_n of_o their_o wealth_n whereby_o it_o come_v that_o filthy_a and_o ill_a manner_a man_n savour_v of_o nothing_o but_o gain_n utter_o ignorant_a of_o good_a art_n by_o little_a and_o little_o come_v to_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n and_o those_o that_o be_v honest_a &_o of_o liberal_a condition_n by_o the_o decay_n of_o their_o substance_n do_v loose_a the_o right_n of_o citizen_n whereby_o of_o necessity_n there_o must_v arise_v great_a sedition_n and_o trouble_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n therefore_o our_o wise_a and_o prudent_a ancestor_n lest_o their_o commonwealth_n shall_v happen_v into_o these_o calamity_n order_v that_o this_o definition_n of_o the_o public_a rule_n riches_n nobility_n of_o lineage_n to_o be_v in_o election_n of_o magistrate_n prefer_v before_o riches_n shall_v go_v rather_o by_o the_o nobility_n of_o lineage_n then_o by_o the_o estimation_n of_o wealth_n yet_o with_o that_o temperature_n that_o man_n of_o chief_a &_o supreme_a nobility_n shall_v not_o have_v this_o rule_n alone_o for_o that_o will_v rather_o have_v be_v the_o power_n of_o a_o few_o then_o a_o commonwealth_n but_o also_o every_o other_o citizen_n whosoever_o not_o ignoble_o bear_v so_o that_o all_o which_o be_v noble_a by_o birth_n or_o ennoble_v by_o virtue_n or_o well_o deserve_v of_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v in_o the_o beginning_n obtain_v this_o right_n of_o government_n which_o have_v likewise_o happen_v in_o these_o time_n of_o we_o yea_o and_o some_o foreign_a man_n and_o stranger_n have_v be_v adopt_v into_o this_o number_n of_o venetian_n stranger_n sometime_o adopt_v into_o the_o right_n of_o citizen_n by_o the_o venetian_n citizen_n either_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o great_a nobility_n or_o that_o they_o have_v be_v dutiful_a towards_o the_o state_n or_o else_o have_v do_v unto_o they_o some_o notable_a service_n this_o whole_a assembly_n therefore_o of_o the_o citizen_n or_o as_o common_o it_o be_v term_v this_o great_a council_n upon_o who_o authority_n the_o whole_a power_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n as_o also_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o of_o all_o the_o magistrate_n depend_v represent_v life_n the_o duke_n rule_v during_o life_n in_o this_o commonwealth_n the_o form_n of_o a_o popular_a state_n the_o duke_n who_o have_v no_o time_n of_o government_n limit_v unto_o he_o but_o rule_v during_o life_n bear_v the_o show_n of_o a_o kingly_a power_n represent_v in_o all_o thing_n the_o glory_n gravity_n and_o dignity_n of_o a_o king_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n do_v bear_v he_o honour_n and_o reverence_v as_o unto_o a_o king_n &_o all_o decree_n law_n and_o public_a letter_n go_v forth_o under_o his_o name_n but_o the_o senate_n the_o ten_o the_o college_n of_o elder_n or_o chief_a counsellor_n which_o among_o we_o of_o the_o common_a people_n be_v common_o call_v the_o sage_n those_o i_o say_v which_o do_v consult_v of_o matter_n &_o after_o from_o the_o commonwealth_n do_v make_v report_n unto_o the_o senate_n carry_v with_o they_o a_o certain_a show_n of_o a_o aristocracy_n or_o government_n of_o the_o nobility_n which_o see_v they_o be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o mean_a magistrate_n we_o will_v speak_v particular_o of_o these_o we_o will_v take_v our_o beginning_n from_o the_o great_a council_n upon_o which_o the_o whole_a commonwealth_n depend_v all_o young_a man_n of_o the_o nobility_n which_o have_v accomplish_v venice_n young_a gentleman_n at_o 20._o year_n of_o their_o age_n admit_v to_o the_o great_a council_n of_o venice_n the_o age_n of_o 20._o year_n do_v go_v unto_o the_o office_n which_o common_o be_v call_v advocatory_a to_o which_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o law_n chief_o belong_v before_o which_o present_v themselves_o with_o their_o father_n or_o with_o their_o mother_n if_o he_o be_v dead_a or_o in_o case_n of_o both_o their_o want_n with_o some_o near_a kinsman_n they_o do_v prove_v with_o the_o witness_n beside_o of_o two_o honest_a man_n neither_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o mother_n kindred_n themselves_o to_o be_v bear_v of_o that_o father_n who_o they_o allege_v not_o bastard_n but_o in_o lawful_a matrimony_n &_o that_o their_o mother_n live_v in_o fame_n of_o a_o honest_a woman_n the_o witness_n swear_v in_o this_o manner_n that_o they_o do_v manifest_o know_v it_o by_o the_o report_n and_o consent_n of_o council_n a_o oath_n take_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o young_a gentleman_n before_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o council_n all_o those_o that_o know_v they_o then_o the_o father_n or_o the_o mother_n or_o they_o both_o want_v the_o kinsman_n affirm_v with_o the_o oath_n that_o the_o young_a man_n have_v pass_v his_o 20._o year_n which_o thing_n after_o they_o be_v direct_o register_v by_o the_o clerk_n of_o the_o office_n they_o then_o attend_v the_o four_o day_n of_o the_o month_n of_o decemb._n on_o which_o day_n the_o name_n of_o all_o these_o young_a man_n that_o have_v not_o yet_o by_o lot_n obtain_v the_o right_n of_o citizen_n nor_o be_v not_o pass_v 25._o year_n old_a be_v put_v into_o a_o pot_n and_o carry_v unto_o the_o prince_n &_o there_o the_o same_o set_v before_o the_o counsellor_n with_o which_o there_o be_v another_o pot_n wherein_o be_v round_a ball_n
express_v twelve_o of_o the_o forty_o be_v choose_v and_o the_o other_o eight_o and_o twenty_o which_o remain_v be_v put_v back_o and_o forsake_v these_o twelve_o again_o do_v choose_v 25._o the_o twelve_o choose_v 25._o five_o and_o twenty_o other_o of_o which_o every_o one_o must_v have_v eight_o suffrage_n for_o under_o none_o may_v be_v choose_v which_o be_v end_v and_o do_v they_o present_o send_v word_n thereof_o by_o a_o messenger_n to_o the_o counsellor_n they_o if_o the_o season_n of_o the_o day_n serve_v do_v call_v and_o assemble_v the_o council_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n as_o before_o those_o five_o and_o twenty_o also_o unaware_o be_v assemble_v and_o gather_v together_o nine_o the_o 25._o reduce_v to_o nine_o and_o then_o the_o council_n be_v dismiss_v nine_o of_o they_o be_v by_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o lottery_n as_o before_o elect_v the_o rest_n do_v go_v their_o way_n these_o nine_o elect_v forty_o five_o other_o citizen_n but_o no_o one_o of_o they_o unless_o he_o have_v 6._o of_o 45._o the_o nine_o do_v elect_v 45._o the_o nine_o suffrage_n which_o in_o the_o council_n in_o like_a manner_n again_o assemble_v be_v pronounce_v of_o the_o secretary_n 11._o the_o 45._o reduce_v to_o 11._o and_o so_o put_v into_o the_o closet_n these_o by_o the_o like_a manner_n of_o duke_n the_o 11._o do_v elect_v 41._o who_o have_v authority_n to_o choose_v the_o duke_n lottery_n be_v reduce_v unto_o eleven_o who_o do_v choose_v one_o &_o forty_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o noble_a senator_n who_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v pronounce_v do_v present_o withdraw_v themselves_o into_o a_o several_a appoint_a room_n and_o these_o have_v authority_n to_o elect_v the_o duke_n but_o so_o that_o there_o may_v not_o be_v by_o any_o mean_v two_o of_o a_o kindred_n in_o the_o number_n of_o elector_n which_o be_v among_o the_o venetian_n a_o perpetual_a custom_n in_o all_o their_o office_n our_o ancestor_n be_v man_n most_o wise_a and_o virtuous_a election_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o intricate_a proceed_n in_o the_o duke_n election_n make_v choice_n of_o this_o strange_a and_o intricate_a proceed_n to_o the_o end_n the_o whole_a multitude_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v a_o part_n in_o this_o creation_n &_o election_n of_o their_o prince_n for_o the_o elector_n of_o the_o first_o order_n be_v make_v by_o lot_n of_o which_o all_o the_o citizen_n be_v capable_a next_o which_o they_o mingle_v election_n but_o in_o sort_n that_o election_n shall_v exceed_v the_o lottery_n because_o no_o man_n may_v receive_v any_o favour_n by_o the_o benefit_n of_o lot_n unless_o the_o same_o be_v allow_v and_o approve_v of_o the_o first_o order_n but_o in_o the_o next_o order_n they_o will_v not_o that_o chance_n or_o lot_n shall_v have_v any_o force_n at_o all_o because_o they_o think_v it_o unfit_a and_o full_a of_o inconvenience_n to_o commit_v the_o choice_n of_o those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v elector_n of_o their_o prince_n to_o the_o temerity_n and_o arbiterment_n of_o fortune_n in_o sort_n that_o neither_o be_v the_o multitude_n whole_o deprive_v of_o this_o authority_n neither_o yet_o be_v the_o same_o commit_v to_o the_o waver_a wit_n of_o the_o inconsiderate_a people_n among_o who_o common_o a_o vain_a opinion_n and_o ungrounded_a favour_n may_v do_v more_o than_o a_o settle_a judgement_n of_o those_o that_o be_v wise_a and_o virtuous_a beside_o the_o not_o know_v who_o they_o be_v that_o be_v to_o be_v elector_n of_o the_o prince_n but_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o whole_a depend_v upon_o those_o that_o be_v fortunate_a in_o their_o lot_n all_o aspire_a pretension_n and_o ambition_n be_v thereby_o clear_o cut_v off_o and_o take_v away_o because_o it_o may_v easy_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o those_o with_o who_o there_o be_v any_o practice_n entertain_v shall_v not_o have_v any_o authority_n at_o all_o but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o session_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n accomplish_v the_o one_o and_o forty_o elector_n of_o the_o prince_n immediate_o upon_o their_o election_n without_o salute_v or_o speak_v to_o any_o man_n do_v go_v into_o that_o court_n in_o which_o the_o senate_n be_v accustom_v to_o assemble_v where_o hear_v divine_a service_n which_o be_v celebrate_v with_o great_a solemnity_n &_o devotion_n lay_v their_o hand_n upon_o the_o altar_n they_o do_v promise_n with_o oath_n to_o god_n and_o to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o they_o will_v choose_v he_o for_o their_o duke_n who_o they_o shall_v esteem_v to_o be_v worthy_a and_o of_o best_a desert_n as_o well_o in_o love_n towards_o his_o country_n as_o in_o piety_n carefulness_n and_o prudence_n and_o then_o the_o priest_n depart_v they_o only_o be_v enclose_v &_o lock_v within_o the_o court_n alone_o without_o so_o much_o as_o a_o servant_n suffer_v to_o be_v among_o they_o then_o three_o of_o the_o elder_a do_v sit_v down_o by_o at_o a_o certain_a table_n fit_v for_o that_o purpose_n upon_o the_o which_o there_o stand_v a_o pot_n and_o every_o elector_n write_v in_o a_o little_a scrol_n the_o name_n of_o he_o who_o he_o think_v fit_n to_o be_v create_v duke_n which_o scroll_n be_v first_o all_o well_o meddle_v together_o be_v put_v into_o the_o pot_n of_o which_o one_o be_v take_v out_o such_o as_o shall_v by_o chance_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o he_o that_o take_v it_o forth_o the_o scroll_n be_v read_v he_o who_o name_n be_v therein_o contain_v if_o he_o be_v present_a as_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o happen_v go_v present_o out_o of_o the_o court._n then_o if_o any_o shall_v think_v he_o to_o be_v a_o man_n unfit_a or_o uncapable_a or_o unworthy_a of_o so_o great_a a_o dignity_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n shall_v not_o think_v his_o creation_n to_o be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n he_o rise_v up_o and_o with_o a_o honest_a modesty_n speak_v his_o opinion_n declare_v the_o cause_n why_o he_o think_v it_o unmeet_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v choose_v and_o create_v duke_n when_o he_o have_v end_v his_o speech_n the_o party_n be_v call_v in_o again_o and_o the_o elder_a in_o the_o company_n declare_v the_o objection_n make_v against_o he_o always_o provide_v that_o he_o never_o name_v the_o author_n thereof_o for_o they_o be_v all_o first_o bind_v by_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v perpetual_a silence_n he_o on_o the_o other_o side_n excuse_v and_o confute_v in_o the_o best_a sort_n he_o may_v the_o matter_n allege_v against_o he_o after_o which_o he_o avoyd_v the_o court_n again_o &_o then_o if_o the_o first_o or_o any_o other_o will_v charge_v he_o a_o fresh_a with_o any_o other_o matter_n it_o be_v in_o their_o liberty_n to_o do_v it_o and_o he_o again_o be_v call_v in_o have_v liberty_n to_o answer_v in_o his_o justification_n and_o so_o till_o the_o matter_n be_v by_o turn_n handle_v till_o his_o accuser_n be_v silent_a and_o have_v nothing_o any_o far_a to_o urge_v against_o he_o then_o at_o last_o go_v they_o to_o their_o lot_n somewhat_o before_o our_o time_n if_o the_o first_o have_v have_v 25._o suffrage_n in_o his_o favour_n than_o be_v there_o no_o far_o reckon_v make_v venice_n andrea_n gritti_n duke_n of_o venice_n of_o the_o rest_n but_o he_o be_v straight_o proclaim_v for_o duke_n but_o in_o our_o time_n in_o those_o session_n in_o which_o andrea_n gritti_n a_o most_o honourable_a senator_n be_v proclaim_v duke_n this_o custom_n be_v alter_v for_o although_o none_o be_v elect_v prince_n unless_o he_o have_v five_o and_o twenty_o suffrage_n yet_o the_o matter_n consist_v not_o as_o before_o it_o do_v in_o he_o that_o first_o obtain_v that_o number_n but_o proceed_v still_o forward_o to_o the_o rest_n so_o that_o if_o any_o go_v beyond_o that_o number_n he_o than_o be_v proclaim_v duke_n and_o not_o the_o former_a after_o the_o lottery_n be_v end_v concern_v he_o who_o name_n be_v first_o draw_v then_o be_v there_o a_o other_o scroll_n take_v forth_o of_o the_o pot_n and_o all_o thing_n concern_v the_o same_o order_v in_o every_o point_n as_o the_o former_a and_o so_o the_o third_o four_o &_o final_o all_o but_o if_o no_o one_o of_o the_o whole_a number_n have_v in_o his_o favour_n the_o complete_a sum_n of_o those_o suffrage_n then_o if_o the_o day_n be_v not_o too_o far_o spend_v the_o session_n be_v once_o again_o begin_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o before_o and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o expedition_n shall_v be_v the_o great_a it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o of_o the_o elector_n to_o depart_v thence_o neither_o have_v they_o liberty_n to_o speak_v with_o any_o stranger_n till_o five_o and_o twenty_o of_o they_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o duke_n who_o so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v name_v and_o choose_v the_o counsellor_n
offence_n or_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o offendor_n now_o the_o time_n magistrate_n two_o sort_n of_o inferior_a magistrate_n require_v that_o we_o shall_v brief_o speak_v of_o some_o inferior_a magistrate_n that_o have_v authority_n to_o punish_v offence_n of_o less_o quality_n and_o moment_n either_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o fault_n itself_o or_o the_o slender_a regard_n &_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n that_o commit_v the_o same_o these_o also_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n the_o other_o not_o their_o authority_n stretch_v no_o far_a than_o to_o the_o punishment_n of_o rogue_n and_o harlot_n who_o they_o cause_v to_o be_v imprison_v or_o whip_v with_o rod_n every_o of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o commit_a lewdness_n the_o first_o magistrate_n also_o that_o have_v power_n to_o give_v sentence_n of_o life_n and_o death_n be_v likewise_o divide_v into_o two_o sort_n for_o the_o self_n same_o judge_n do_v not_o search_v out_o and_o examine_v and_o call_v to_o trial_n the_o offendor_n but_o the_o first_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o officer_n by_o night_n do_v thorough_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o night_n officer_n of_o night_n the_o offender_n and_o register_v up_o in_o write_v the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n &_o whatsoever_o else_o the_o party_n have_v confess_v either_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n or_o else_o by_o the_o constraint_n of_o torture_n and_o then_o final_o represent_v the_o whole_a to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o property_n this_o magistrate_n differ_v property_n judge_n of_o the_o property_n much_o from_o the_o former_a and_o give_v sentence_n of_o death_n when_o the_o cause_n in_o handle_v be_v capital_a but_o if_o it_o be_v a_o light_a offence_n to_o be_v punish_v only_o with_o whip_v or_o imprisonment_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o officer_n by_o night_n do_v of_o themselves_o dispatch_v the_o matter_n without_o ask_v the_o advice_n of_o the_o college_n either_o for_o the_o imprison_a or_o torture_v the_o offendor_n which_o authority_n never_o thelesse_o the_o office_n of_o the_o aduocator_n have_v not_o but_o must_v first_o acquaint_v the_o college_n and_o proceed_v according_a to_o the_o decree_n thereof_o neither_o be_v the_o same_o so_o ordain_v without_o exceed_a reason_n and_o foundation_n for_o that_o for_o every_o small_a matter_n and_o the_o offence_n of_o every_o baggage_n fellow_n the_o council_n shall_v have_v be_v move_v both_o the_o common_a wealth_n shall_v have_v be_v overmuch_o trouble_v with_o many_o impertenent_a brabler_n and_o also_o lewd_a fellow_n shall_v have_v have_v a_o great_a scope_n of_o live_v licentious_o through_o the_o hope_n of_o escape_v punishment_n for_o great_a expedition_n thereof_o of_o these_o kind_n of_o judgement_n the_o head_n or_o chieftain_n of_o the_o officer_n by_o night_n do_v obtain_v that_o authority_n of_o which_o the_o aduocator_n be_v deprive_v these_o officer_n of_o the_o night_n be_v six_o and_o six_o likewise_o be_v those_o mean_a officer_n that_o have_v only_a power_n to_o correct_v base_a vagabond_n and_o tryfel_a offence_n those_o that_o do_v execute_v this_o office_n be_v call_v head_n of_o the_o tribe_n of_o the_o city_n because_o out_o of_o every_o tribe_n for_o the_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o tribe_n there_o be_v elect_v a_o officer_n of_o the_o night_n and_o a_o head_n of_o the_o tribe_n which_o custom_n also_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o election_n of_o our_o councillor_n as_o here_o before_o i_o have_v express_v the_o duty_n of_o either_o of_o these_o officer_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o watch_n every_o other_o night_n by_o turn_n within_o their_o tribe_n and_o now_o the_o one_o and_o then_o the_o other_o to_o make_v round_n about_o his_o quarter_n till_o the_o dawn_n of_o the_o day_n be_v always_o guard_v and_o attend_v on_o with_o weapon_v officer_n and_o sergeant_n and_o to_o see_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o disorder_n do_v in_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n which_o always_o imboldn_v man_n ill_o dispose_v to_o naughtiness_n and_o that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o house_n break_v up_o nor_o thief_n nor_o rogueslurking_a in_o corner_n with_o intent_n to_o do_v violence_n at_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o city_n either_o of_o these_o office_n be_v of_o great_a estimation_n but_o since_o new_a magistrate_n be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o change_n of_o the_o time_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n the_o same_o be_v much_o diminish_v and_o of_o lesser_a respect_n for_o the_o chief_a authority_n be_v transfer_v over_o to_o the_o new_a officer_n there_o remain_v only_o in_o their_o court_n the_o decision_n of_o base_a and_o baggage_n matter_n as_o the_o suds_n or_o lees_n of_o the_o rest_n hitherto_o there_o be_v enough_o say_v of_o those_o magistrate_n that_o do_v determine_v capital_a cause_n in_o the_o next_o volume_n we_o will_v speak_v of_o civil_a judgemente_n the_o end_n of_o the_o three_o book_n the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n it_o have_v be_v always_o a_o perpetual_a continue_a custom_n in_o the_o common_a magistrate_n the_o whole_a high_a and_o chief_a authority_n of_o all_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o counsel_n and_o not_o to_o any_o particular_a magistrate_n wealth_n of_o venice_n that_o no_o magistrate_n whatsoever_o shall_v have_v in_o matter_n of_o weight_n and_o importance_n high_a &_o chief_a authority_n but_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v whole_o belong_v to_o the_o college_n or_o rather_o use_v the_o common_a manner_n of_o speech_n to_o the_o counsel_n insomuch_o that_o in_o civil_a cause_n such_o as_o forty_o in_o civil_a cause_n the_o party_n prejudice_v may_v after_o judgement_n give_v appeal_n to_o the_o auditor_n and_o to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o forty_o shall_v exceed_v the_o sum_n of_o five_o and_o forty_o crown_n there_o be_v not_o any_o magistrate_n from_o who_o judgement_n the_o party_n may_v not_o appeal_v to_o the_o auditor_n of_o the_o civil_a cause_n and_o to_o the_o college_n of_o forty_o of_o who_o we_o have_v here_o above_o make_v mention_n but_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o whole_a manner_n of_o these_o civil_a judgement_n may_v be_v make_v manifest_a and_o plain_a we_o new_a two_o sort_n of_o auditor_n the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a will_v begin_v with_o the_o auditor_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a the_o old_a do_v derive_v their_o name_n from_o the_o antiquity_n of_o their_o office_n new_a the_o old_a auditor_n more_o ancient_a than_o the_o new_a and_o be_v much_o more_o ancient_a than_o that_o of_o the_o new_a which_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o this_o commonwealth_n till_o the_o same_o begin_v to_o have_v dominion_n over_o the_o main_a land_n many_o age_n after_o the_o build_n of_o the_o city_n these_o old_a auditor_n have_v in_o manner_n the_o same_o authority_n in_o determination_n of_o civil_a cause_n after_o they_o be_v debate_v of_o &_o judge_v by_o the_o civil_a judge_n as_o the_o advocator_n have_v in_o all_o such_o matter_n as_o any_o way_n they_o shall_v think_v to_o be_v offensive_a to_o the_o law_n i_o mean_v in_o receive_v of_o appeal_n or_o make_v of_o report_n over_o when_o therefore_o by_o the_o civil_a judge_n there_o be_v any_o sentence_n give_v against_o any_o man_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o who_o receive_v prejudice_n thereby_o to_o appeal_v from_o their_o judgement_n to_o the_o auditor_n the_o cause_n then_o be_v bring_v into_o their_o court_n and_o of_o either_o side_n plead_v &_o debate_v of_o those_o between_o who_o the_o controversy_n depend_v if_o the_o same_o exceed_v not_o the_o sum_n of_o fifty_o crown_n they_o may_v of_o their_o own_o authority_n so_o they_o agree_v all_o in_o one_o end_n and_o determine_v the_o same_o without_o the_o college_n of_o the_o forty_o or_o if_o they_o disagree_v in_o opinion_n than_o one_o of_o they_o have_v authority_n to_o make_v report_n over_o find_v three_o judge_n that_o have_v authority_n to_o judge_v and_o determine_v on_o thing_n that_o be_v find_v to_o a_o very_a small_a college_n where_o the_o company_n of_o either_o auditor_n do_v note_n and_o likewise_o three_o other_o judge_n that_o usual_o do_v sit_v upon_o thing_n that_o be_v find_v and_o there_o these_o lesser_a affair_n be_v absolute_o determine_v but_o if_o the_o whole_a cause_n do_v amount_v above_o the_o rate_n of_o the_o foresay_a sum_n before_o our_o time_n the_o matter_n can_v not_o have_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o college_n of_o the_o forty_o unless_o someone_o of_o the_o auditor_n have_v interpose_v himself_o and_o make_v report_n of_o the_o sentence_n so_o give_v by_o the_o judge_n unto_o the_o forty_o but_o in_o this_o time_n of_o we_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v whereby_o liberty_n be_v grant_v unto_o
new_a col_fw-fr ledge_n of_o the_o forty_o civil_a judge_n ordain_v and_o likewise_o the_o new_a college_n of_o the_o forty_o into_o who_o court_n be_v bring_v the_o appeal_n from_o the_o indgemente_n of_o such_o foreign_a magistrate_n as_o have_v government_n abroad_o where_o be_v thorough_o handle_v and_o discuss_v they_o be_v final_o end_v and_o conclude_v the_o manner_n and_o form_n of_o proceed_v in_o this_o college_n be_v such_o in_o all_o point_n as_o before_o i_o tell_v you_o be_v observe_v of_o the_o old_a auditor_n and_o the_o council_n of_o the_o forty_o civil_a city_n the_o council_n of_o forty_o for_o cause_n only_o within_o the_o city_n judge_n concern_v cause_n within_o the_o city_n only_o this_o be_v add_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o new_a auditor_n that_o in_o any_o matter_n bring_v unto_o they_o by_o appeal_n so_o the_o same_o exceed_v not_o the_o sum_n of_o forty_o crown_n they_o may_v over-rule_v the_o former_a judgement_n or_o abrogate_v it_o or_o allow_v it_o either_o in_o whole_a or_o in_o part_n as_o shall_v seem_v best_a unto_o they_o provide_v that_o they_o do_v all_o agree_v in_o one_o opinion_n which_o citizen_n the_o cause_n of_o stranger_n soon_o dispatch_v then_o those_o of_o the_o citizen_n course_n be_v think_v fit_a to_o be_v ordain_v to_o the_o end_n that_o foreigner_n and_o stranger_n of_o who_o according_a to_o the_o precept_n of_o many_o great_a philosopher_n there_o be_v especial_a regard_n to_o be_v have_v shall_v not_o be_v molest_v and_o linger_v off_o with_o long_a delay_n but_o quick_o come_v to_o a_o end_n of_o their_o suit_n this_o privilege_n the_o old_a auditor_n have_v not_o for_o they_o of_o necessity_n must_v either_o whole_o allow_v the_o judgement_n or_o else_o utter_o cancel_v and_o make_v void_a the_o same_o and_o whereas_o the_o new_a as_o i_o say_v may_v leave_v the_o rest_n meddle_v only_o with_o part_n of_o the_o cause_n they_o must_v either_o embrace_v the_o whole_a entire_a cause_n or_o else_o utter_o leave_v it_o unmedle_v withal_o so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_n thesuite_n of_o stranger_n be_v soon_o end_v &_o determine_v than_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o citizen_n though_o through_o the_o suttelty_n of_o advocate_n and_o lawyer_n who_o leave_v nothing_o unattempted_a how_o far_o soever_o the_o same_o be_v from_o right_n processes_n and_o suit_n be_v sundry_a time_n draw_v out_o to_o a_o infinite_a length_n as_o in_o all_o place_n it_o be_v usual_a where_o judgement_n be_v not_o rash_o pronounce_v but_o leisurely_o and_o considerate_o at_o appoint_a time_n now_o in_o a_o manner_n have_v we_o express_v the_o whole_a form_n which_o be_v usual_o observe_v in_o judgement_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o brief_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o those_o magistrate_n who_o first_o of_o all_o do_v give_v sentence_n in_o cause_n of_o the_o city_n &_o judge_n six_o several_a kind_n of_o judge_n from_o who_o the_o appeal_n &_o provocation_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o old_a auditor_n and_o to_o the_o council_n of_o the_o forty_o of_o these_o judge_n there_o be_v six_o several_a court_n divide_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o of_o the_o person_n for_o either_o the_o suit_n be_v about_o merchandise_n or_o matter_n pertain_v thereunto_o or_o about_o house_n or_o ground_n that_o be_v within_o the_o lake_n or_o about_o possession_n and_o land_n that_o be_v on_o the_o continent_n or_o else_o about_o other_o contract_n or_o bargain_n as_o for_o the_o person_n that_o contend_v they_o be_v either_o citizen_n or_o stranger_n or_o one_o with_o another_o stranger_n and_o citizen_n together_o or_o the_o controversy_n be_v between_o orphelin_n or_o else_o move_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o widow_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o dower_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o husband_n lest_o therefore_o there_o may_v fall_v out_o a_o confusion_n among_o judgement_n of_o so_o different_a kind_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o one_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o disturbance_n or_o hindrance_n to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v appoint_v several_a court_n of_o judgement_n in_o so_o much_o that_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o possible_a it_o may_v be_v every_o one_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o business_n may_v know_v the_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a judge_n of_o his_o controversy_n for_o property_n judge_n of_o the_o property_n whatsoever_o difference_n arise_v about_o house_n ground_n or_o lease_n situate_v or_o lie_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o venice_n that_o be_v be_v within_o the_o lake_n be_v all_o determine_v by_o those_o that_o be_v call_v judge_n of_o the_o property_n to_o who_o court_n also_o widow_n have_v recourse_n in_o demand_n of_o their_o dower_n after_o the_o death_n of_o their_o husband_n this_o name_n and_o appellation_n of_o property_n be_v first_o give_v they_o because_o our_o ancestor_n do_v take_v those_o thing_n to_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o which_o be_v seat_v within_o the_o lake_n as_o not_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v transfer_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o other_o master_n as_o for_o such_o good_n as_o they_o have_v upon_o the_o continent_n whether_o they_o be_v land_n or_o house_n in_o regard_n that_o they_o lie_v open_a to_o violence_n and_o may_v in_o despite_n of_o their_o master_n suffer_v rapine_n and_o spoil_n they_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o moveable_n if_o then_o the_o controversy_n arise_v concern_v any_o possession_n upon_o the_o main_a land_n for_o redress_v thereof_o recourse_n be_v to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o procurator_n procurator_n judge_n of_o the_o procurator_n under_o who_o the_o matter_n of_o orphelin_n that_o be_v yet_o under_o guardian_n be_v handle_v for_o among_o the_o venetian_n both_o guardian_n and_o tutor_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v call_v procurator_n if_o the_o contention_n and_o strife_n do_v any_o way_n concern_v merchant_n or_o matter_n of_o merchandise_n then_o for_o the_o decision_n of_o those_o cause_n be_v there_o certain_a peculiar_a merchant_n judge_n or_o consul_n of_o the_o merchant_n judge_n call_v proper_o judge_n or_o consul_n of_o the_o merchant_n these_o do_v in_o their_o judgement_n use_v a_o speedy_a dispatch_n than_o any_o other_o of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n which_o be_v so_o ordain_v to_o the_o end_n that_o merchant_n who_o affair_n may_v otherwise_o receyve_v great_a detriment_n and_o hindrance_n with_o linger_a and_o delay_n may_v not_o be_v delude_v or_o entertain_v with_o long_a expectation_n of_o their_o stranger_n judge_n of_o stranger_n right_n but_o if_o the_o question_n be_v between_o stranger_n or_o that_o if_o any_o citizen_n will_v sue_v a_o strange_a that_o come_v to_o lodge_v in_o venice_n for_o some_o few_o day_n those_o judge_n must_v then_o be_v repair_v unto_o that_o be_v appoint_v to_o hear_v the_o cause_n of_o stranger_n and_o have_v thereof_o their_o proper_a nomination_n and_o title_n but_o all_o other_o cause_n of_o sale_n bargain_n or_o contract_n by_o which_o any_o citizen_n pretend_v either_o breach_n of_o covenant_n or_o duenesse_n request_n judge_n of_o request_n of_o debt_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o request_n who_o serve_v in_o stead_n of_o the_o mayor_n or_o praetor_n of_o the_o city_n there_o be_v beside_o certain_a small_a thing_n who_o judgement_n moveable_n judge_n of_o the_o moveable_n and_o determination_n be_v commit_v to_o certain_a officer_n that_o be_v call_v judge_n of_o the_o moveable_n likewise_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o magistrate_n who_o office_n be_v if_o any_o thing_n happen_v to_o be_v find_v that_o have_v lie_v long_o hide_v or_o else_o be_v late_o lose_v to_o judge_v and_o determine_v find_v judge_n of_o thing_n that_o be_v find_v whether_o the_o same_o aught_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o common_a treasure_n or_o to_o any_o private_a man_n or_o else_o to_o he_o who_o chance_n it_o be_v to_o find_v it_o all_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a kind_n and_o nature_n be_v under_o the_o compass_n of_o his_o authority_n and_o judgement_n have_v express_v the_o several_a kind_n and_o manner_n of_o treasure_n magistrate_n that_o have_v charge_n of_o common_a treasure_n judgement_n we_o will_v now_o pass_v over_o to_o those_o magistrate_n that_o have_v charge_n over_o the_o common_a chamber_n or_o treasury_n and_o the_o receipt_n &_o employment_n of_o the_o public_a revenue_n these_o perchance_o may_v seem_v to_o some_o body_n more_o in_o number_n then_o be_v convenient_a and_o that_o a_o few_o might_n as_o sufficient_o discharge_v the_o whole_a business_n pertain_v to_o the_o treasure_n but_o here_o they_o must_v mark_v that_o our_o father_n omit_v no_o kind_n of_o heedfulness_n to_o prevent_v all_o fraud_n &_o deceit_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o their_o public_a treasure_n suppose_v the_o same_o to_o be_v the_o very_a fountain_n whence_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n receive_v their_o nouriture_n and_o sustenance_n and_o
not_o omit_v anything_o that_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o common_a benefit_n and_o good_a of_o their_o country_n the_o end_n of_o the_o four_o book_n the_o five_o book_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o venice_n see_v that_o the_o whole_a form_n and_o order_n of_o the_o government_n of_o our_o common_a wealth_n be_v in_o manner_n of_o we_o already_o express_v and_o the_o office_n and_o order_n of_o the_o magistrate_n within_o the_o city_n i_o think_v i_o shall_v not_o do_v a_o thing_n unpleasing_a or_o unfit_a for_o the_o matter_n i_o have_v in_o hand_n if_o i_o speak_v somewhat_o of_o abroad_o the_o government_n abroad_o the_o magistrate_n abroad_o wat●es_n the_o government_n of_o the_o wat●es_n those_o i_o mean_v that_o have_v rule_v and_o authority_n in_o such_o city_n as_o be_v under_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o state_n of_o venice_n then_o of_o our_o militare_fw-la charge_n &_o bear_v the_o office_n of_o the_o citizen_n that_o be_v not_o noble_o bear_v 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power_n all_o thing_n of_o that_o kind_n be_v whole_o attribute_v but_o in_o lesser_a city_n or_o town_n there_o be_v no_o captain_n general_a all_o thing_n be_v there_o under_o commandment_n of_o the_o governor_n likewise_o in_o such_o town_n as_o be_v within_o the_o precinct_n of_o great_a city_n the_o governor_n only_o administer_v right_a to_o the_o townsman_n and_o no_o other_o magistrate_n though_o the_o treasurer_n &_o captain_n have_v also_o authority_n throughout_o the_o whole_a territory_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n from_o all_o these_o governors_n appeal_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o the_o new_a auditor_n sometime_o also_o the_o aduocator_n be_v wont_a to_o sit_v with_o the_o governor_n upon_o sentence_n of_o life_n and_o death_n but_o because_o thereby_o judgement_n be_v oftentimes_o delay_v and_o lewd_a person_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n not_o punish_v there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v by_o the_o college_n of_o the_o ten_o that_o the_o aduocator_n shall_v not_o have_v any_o far_a authority_n in_o such_o judgement_n as_o be_v give_v by_o the_o governor_n but_o that_o he_o shall_v only_o use_v the_o advice_n of_o such_o doctor_n of_o law_n as_o before_o i_o say_v be_v to_o sit_v with_o he_o in_o judgement_n and_o this_o in_o my_o opinion_n already_o say_v may_v suffice_v concern_v the_o magistrate_n by_o who_o our_o common_a wealth_n be_v gonern_v both_o abroad_o and_o at_o home_n but_o see_v there_o be_v aswell_o a_o reckon_n to_o be_v make_v of_o manage_v war_n as_o of_o maintain_v peace_n which_o whosoever_o whole_o do_v reject_v can_v as_o plato_n say_v in_o his_o polytique_n long_o defend_v and_o maintain_v themselves_o in_o freedom_n and_o liberty_n but_o those_o that_o have_v leave_v unto_o their_o posterity_n the_o true_a direction_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n commend_v the_o use_n of_o both_o to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v unfit_a for_o the_o exercise_n thereof_o and_o that_o in_o peace_n they_o may_v live_v in_o 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notable_a exploit_n aswell_o in_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o liberty_n as_o in_o revenge_n of_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o their_o enemy_n and_o many_o great_a and_o glorious_a deed_n of_o the_o venetian_n do_v yet_o remain_v in_o ancient_a record_n &_o many_o triumph_n and_o victory_n wrest_v by_o sea_n from_o fierce_a and_o puissant_a nation_n whereby_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o conjecture_v of_o the_o mightiness_n of_o the_o venetian_n by_o sea_n in_o forepast_a time_n but_o in_o the_o end_n yield_v to_o the_o instant_a petition_n of_o the_o oppress_a border_a people_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o rapine_n and_o cruelty_n of_o several_a tyrant_n that_o have_v bring_v they_o into_o subjection_n they_o send_v force_n into_o the_o mayneland_n and_o expel_v the_o tyrant_n do_v with_o a_o infinite_a applause_n and_o willingness_n of_o the_o people_n receive_v all_o