off Limbes juyce of Hemlocke is used to mitigate the paine by putting the spirits to flight and casting the Patient into a swoone 19. The thickning of the spirits by Flight and driving inwards is a good effect of Poppy-juyce proceeding from a bad Cause being the flight of the spirits 20. Poppey was esteemed by the Graecians to bee a great preserver of Health and prolonger of Life the principall ingredient used by the Arabians called Gods hands was Poppey-juyce the bad qualities thereof being allay'd with other mixtures as Treacle Mithridate and the like 21. All Medicines thickning the Spirits as Poppey doth especially and staying and restrayning the Spirits unruly working and raging in pestilentiall Diseases are good to prolong life 22. A good quantity of Poppy-juyce being found by experience to be comfortable is taken by the Turkes to make them valiant but to us unlesse taken in a small quantity and well allay'd it is deadly poyson 23. Poppy-juyce doth also strengthen the spirits and excite to Venery 24. The distilled waters of wilde Poppy is good for Surfeits Feavers and divers Diseases the spirits being therby thickned and strengthened to resist any diseases 25. The Turkes drinke the powder of an hearbe in warme water to increase their valour and sharpnesse of wit but a greater quantity thereof is of a stupe fying power like Poppey 26. The East Indians refresh themselves before and after labour by holding in their mouths or eating a famous Roote called Betell enabling also their acts of Generation being also of a stupefying power because it blacketh the teeth 27. Tobacco in this age growne so common and yeelding such a secret delight and content that being once taken it can hardly be forsaken doth lighten the body and take off wearinesse opening the pores and voyding humours but thickning the spirits being a kind of Henbane and doth like Poppy buzzell and trouble the braine 28. Some humours of the body as those proceeding from melancholy are like Poppey-juyce and doe cause long life 29. Opium Or Poppy-juyce the Leaves and seeds of both kinds of Poppey also Henbane Mandrake Hemlocke Tobacco Nightshade or Banewort have all a drowsie stupefying power 30. Treacle Mithridate Trifer Paracelsus Gumme Syrrop of Poppey Pills of Hounds tongue are compouded drugs of the sale nature 31. These Presecriptions Prolong life by thickning the spirits by coolers 32. In Youth keepe every yeere a coole dyet about May the spirits in Summer being loose and thinne and no cold humours bred and take a Julip of Poppey and other hot ingredients but not too strong every morning between sleep then keepe a spare diet for fourteene dayes afterward forbearing Wine and hot Spices 33. Smoakes and steames being not too purgative to draw forth humours but having a light operation on the spirits of the braine doe coole the spirits as well as coolers therfore a Suffumigation made of Tobacco wood of Aloes dry Rosemary-leaves and a little Myrrh being in the morning received into the Nostrills is very wholesome 34. But the Water of compound Opiate Drugs the vapor rising in distilling and the heare settling downwards is better to bee taken in youth than the drugs for the vertue of distilled water is in their vapour being in other respects weake 35. Some Drugs being like Poppy but not so strong doe yeeld a drowsie cooling vapour and wholesomer than Poppy not shunn'd by the spirits being thereby gathered together and thickned 36. The drugges like unto Poppy and therewith used are Saffron and Saffron flowers the Indian Leafe AmberGrīse Coriander-seed prepa red Amomum Pseudamomum Rhodianwood water of Orange Blossomes and an infusion of the flowers steeped in Oyle Olive and a Nutmeg dissolved in Rose-water 37. Vse Poppy sparingly at set times but these other Drugs being commonly taken and in dayly dyet are very soveraigne to prolong life Pharmacopaeus in Calecut by using Amber lived to one hundred and sixty yeeres of Age and the Nobility of Barbary by using the same drugge are longer liv'd than the common people And our long-liv'd Ancestors used Saffron very-much in their Cakes and Broths So much of thickning the spirits by Poppy and Other drugges 38. The second way and meanes to thicken the spirits is by cold for cold doth properly thicken and by a safer operation and working than the malignant qualities of Poppey though not so powerfully yet because coolers may be familiarly used in dayly dyet they are better to prolong Life than drowsie Potions or Drugs 39. The spirits are cooled by breathing by vapours or by dyet the first way being best but difficult the second good and easie the third weakeand tedious 40. The cleare pure Ayre which may be taken on the dry tops of mountaines and in open shady fields is good to thicken the spirits 41. Also vapours doe coole and thicken and Nitre hath in this kind a speciall operation grounded on these Reasons 42. Nitre is a kind of cold Spice being so cold that it biteth the tongue as hot Spices doe 43. The spirits of all Drugges Naturally not Accidentally cold are few and weake spirituall Drugges being on the contrary hot Nitre onely having aboundance of spirits is of a vegetable nature and cold For Camphire is spirituall and cold in operation by accident and the thinne quality thereof being without sharpnesse doth lengthen the breath in inflammations 44. Also Nitre mingled with Snow and Ice and put about vessels doth congeale and freeze the liquor within and common Bay-salt doth make Snow colder and more apt to freeze But in hot Countries where no Snow falls Niter is onely used 45. 〈◊〉 and Souldiers to make them valiant doe drinke Gunne-powder before they fight or joyne Battaile as the Turkes doe Poppy 46. Nitre doth allay the destroying he are of burning 〈◊〉 and Pestentiall 〈◊〉 47. The Nitre in Gun-powder shunning the flame when a Peece is fired doth make the crake and report 48. Nitre is the spirit of the earth for any pure earth covered or shaded from the Sun-beames so that nothing doe spring or grow thence will gather store of Nitre the spirit of Nitre being inferiour to the spirit of living creatures and of Vegetables and Plants 49. Cattell drinking of water wherein there is Nitre doe grow fat being a signe that the Nitre is cold 50. Land and Grounds are made ranke and mellow by the fatning quality of the spirit of Nitre which is in dung 51. Therefore the spirit of Nitre will coole thicken and refresh the spirits and abate their heate For as strong Wine and Spices doe enflame the spirits and shorten life so Nitre composing and restrayning the spirits doth lengthen life 52. Nitre may bee used with meate and eaten with Salt to the proportion of a tenth part and put in morning Broaths from three Graines to ten or in drinke and being used in any manner moderately it Prolongs Life 53. As other Drugges besides Poppy being weaker and safer to bee taken in greater quantity and oftner doe
living Creatures subiect as is aforesayd to the same accidents butin a peculiar manner Afterward the inquiry proceedes from livelesse Creatures and Vegetables unto living Creatures and Man 4. Of long liv'd and shortliv'd living Creatures with the due circumstances causing their long lives enquire But the dureablenesse of Bodies being two-fold one in Identity or being the other in repayring of Vegetables and living Creatures perfected by nourishment therefore concerning nourishment and the wayes and progresse thereof enquire in the Title of Digestion and nourishment where they are particularly handled The inquiry proceeds from living Creatures to Man the principall subject whereof a more exact and perfect inquiry is needfull 5. Of the long Life of men in respect of the Ages of the World Countries Climates places of birth and Dwelling 6. Of the length and shortnesse of Life in men in regard of their stocke and Kindred and in respect of severall Complexions Constitutions shapes and statures of the Body measure and space of Growth and the making and proportion of the Limbes inquire 7. The long and short Life of Men is shewed by no Astrologicall inquiry but by common and evident Observations drawne from Births in the seaventh eight ninth and tenth Moneth by night or day and in what Moneth of the yeare 8. How Mans Life is lengthned and shortned by sustenance Dyet government of Life exercise and the like and by Ayre shewed in the aforesayd poynt of dwelling places 9. How Studdies kind of Life affections of the Soule and divers accidents doe shorten and lengthen the life of Man 10. Of Medicines prolonging life 11. The signes of a long and short life not denoting ensuing Death which belong to Physicall History but being in health apparent are observable by the Physiognomy and such others To the inartificiall inquiry of length and shortnesse of Life is added an Artificiall inquiry by ten practicall intentions being of three sorts and intending to stay Consumption to Repaire and Renew Age. 12. Preservatiues against drinesse and Consumption and to keep the body from drying and consuming 13. Of Nourishment and Digestion being Repairers of the body and how to improove and make them good 14. How to repaire and renew age and to soften and moisten hardnesse and drynesse 15. And because the way of death without knowing the seate house and den of death is hard to be knowne therefore these kinds of Death are declared which want and necessity whence consumption of Age proceeds not violence doe procure 16. Of the drawing neare of Death and the necessary not violent causes thereof 17. Lastly the lively character of Age describing the different state of the Body in youth and Age by their necessary Effects and Defects 18. Of the different state of the Body and abillities in Youth and in Age remayning undecayed NATVRE Durable The History MEttals are very durable and continue beyond al observation Age and Rust not perspiration making them decay but not Gold 2. Quick silver beeing a moyst and soft substance is easily rarified by the fire but without fire doth neither decay by Age nor gather Rust. 3. The harder sort of Stones and many Minerals though exposed in the open ayre are very durable much more lying in the earth Stones gather a kind of solder insteed of Rust but pearles and Christall though their clearenesse decay through age are more durable then Mettals Stones on the Northside of Pyramids Churches and other buildings do sooner than on the South-side decay and consume but Iron as appeares by iron bars of windows doth on the South-side sooner than the North-side beginne to rust For in all putrefaction as rust moisture haftens dissolution and Drinesse withering 5. The stocks and bodies of hard Trees being feld and hew'd into timber or framed into wooden workes doe last divers ages yet their bodies differ some being hollow as the Elder-tree outwardly hard but having a soft pith in the middle But of solid trees such as the Oke the inward part called the heart of the Oke is hardest 6. The leaves and stalkes of Plants and Flowers continue not long but doe either dissolve into dust or rot Roots are more durable 7. Bones of living creatures last long as appeares by dead bones lying in Charnell-houses Hornes also are very durable and Teeth as Ivory and Sea-horse teeth 8. Hides also and skinnes endure long as it is evident by ancient Parchment-bookes Paper also will last many ages though not as long as Parchment 9. Glasse and burned Bricks also roasted Flesh and Fruites last longer than raw because the roasting prevents putrefaction and by evacuating and venting the watry humour doth longer preserve the oyly humour 10. Water is soonest devoured and dryed by the Ayre oyle on the contrary doth slowly evaporate which in liquors and mixtures may bee discerned For Paper wetted with water is at first transparent but afterward waxeth white and cleare againe loosing that former transparentnesse the vapour of the water being exhaled but Paper dipped in Oyle is a long while transparent the oyle being not exhaled so that writings by laying on them an oyled Paper and carefully drawing the Letters discerned through the Paper may be counterfeited 11. All Gummes are very durable and also Waxe and Honey 12. Other accidents also as well as their owne Nature doe make bodies endure or decay For Wood and Stones lying continually in the Water or Ayre endure longer than if they were sometimes wet and over-flowed and stones placed in buildings North or South as they lye in the Mynes are more durable and Plantslive longer being removed and transplanted Greater Observations 1. IT is a certaine Position that all Bodies which may bee touched have a spirit with tangible parts covered and 〈◊〉 being the originall cause of dissolution and consumption prevented by detaining of the spirit 2. The spirit is detained either violently when it is thrust together and confin'd or voluntarily the spirits being slack and unactive in motion and the Ayre doth not urge it to vent and issue forth for hardnesse and oylinesse being durable qualities doe binde supple and feed the Spirit and keepe it from the corruption of the Ayre which is in substance like unto Water as Flame to Oyle And so much of the durablenesse and dissolution of inanimate bodies The Historie COld Hearbs with their roots and stalkes doe every yeere spring and dye as Lettice Purslane Wheate and all kind of Corne yet the colder sort of hearbs endure three or foure yeeres as the Violet Strawberry Burnet Primrose and Sorrell but Borage and Buglosse are short liv'd Borage living a yeere Buglosse above a yeere 14. Hot hearbs beare their age and yeeres better as hysop thyme savory marioram balm mint worme-wood germander sage c. Fennell after the 〈◊〉 is dead buddeth forth againe from the roote but pulse and sweet marjoram can better endure age than winter and will live and flourish being set 〈◊〉 a warm place and defenced from cold For a
THE HISTORIE of Life and Death With Observations Naturall and Experimentall for the Prolonging of LIFE Written by the Right Honorable Francis Lord Verulam Viscount S. Alban LONDON Printed by I. Okes for Humphrey Mosley at the Princes Armes in Pauls Church-Yard 1638. Academiae Cantabrigiensis Liber TO THE Right Worshipfull Sr. EDWARD MOSLEY Knight his Majesties Atturny General of the Dutchey of Lancaster c. SIR THe Honourable Author of this History was such a miracle of Learning that Fancy striving to comprehend his Worth would be lost in Wonder and Amazement this Work of his retaining an affection to Grayes-Inne where the Author is and shall bee remembred by the Living and Posterity hath an originall ambition before it walk abroad into the World to visit Your Worship being a worthy Ornament of that Society that so Your respective entertainment may instruct the Envious and Ignorant Tribe to reverence rather than udge Honorable Personages and their Labours It will become mee onely to waite on the Imaginations of so great a Genius and while they converse with You in a nearer distance to acknowledge that Your Worships Name dignified with deserved Titles the Seales of vertue agreeing with mine only in Denomination made mee presume of Your Favour in accepting them and my Intention full of Service viceable respects hoping that verbum sat c. a word will bee sufficient to present this Oblation and the humble service Of Your Worships Honourer HUMPHREY MOSLEY TO THE Living and Posterity THE History of Life and Death being the last of sixe Monethly designations seemed worthy to bee preferred to bee the second in Publication because the least losse of time in a matter of so great utility should bee pretious for wee hope and desire that it may redound to the good of many and that noble Physitians raising their minds may not be wholly imployd in uncleane cures nor honoured only for necessity but become also the Stewards of Divine Omnipotency and Clemency in prolonging and renewing the life of Man especially since it may be done by safe convenient civill but untryed new waies and meanes For while 〈◊〉 Christians aspire and labour to come to the Land of Promise it will be a signe of Divine favour if our shoos and the garments of our frail bodies be here little worne in our iourney in the worlds wildernesse THE History of Life and Death The Accesse ANcient is the saying and complaint that Life is short and Art long Therefore our labours intending to perfect Arts should by the assistance of the Author of Truth and Life consider by what meanes the Life of man may be prolonged For long Life being an increasing heape of sinnes and sorrowes lightly esteemed of Christians aspiring to Heaven should not be dispised because it affoords longer opportunity of doing good Workes Moreover Amatus survived the other Disciples and many Fathers especially many holy Monkes and Hermites lived very long whereby it seemes that this blessing of long Life so often repeated in the Law was after our Saviours time lesse diminished then other earthly benedictions But the happinesse of long life is naturally desired although the meanes to attaine it through false opinions and vaine reports be hard to find the generall opinion of Physitians concerning Radicall mosture and Natural heat being deceiveable and the immoderate praise of Chymicall Medicines possessing others with failing hopes That which admits reparation remayning whole and sound in Essence may be eternally preserved as the Vestall Fire whereupon Physitians and Phylosophers perceiving that the bodies of living creatures being nourished repaired and refreshed grew old afterward and speedily perished they sought Death in an irreparable subject supposing Radicall moysture incapable of solid reparation from Infancy there being no just reparation but an unlike Addition sensibly by Age decayed and at last corrupted and dissolved This conceit of theirs was ignorant and vaine for young living creatures being all over and wholly repaired do by their increasing in quantity and growing better in quality shew that if the measure and manner of repairing decayed not the matter of repairing might be eternall But the 〈◊〉 in repairing proceeds from the unequall repairing of some parts sufficiently others hardly and badly in Age the bodies of men beginning thereby to undergoe Mezentius torment living in the embraces of the dead untill they dye and being easily repairable yet through some particular difficulty in restoring doe decay For spirits blood flesh and fatnesse are in the declining estate of Age easily repaired but there is much difficulty and danger in repairing the dry parts and fuller of pores as membranes tunicles nerves arteries veines gristles most of the bowels and all the organicall and instrumentall parts For when those parts that should performe their office to other actually reparable parts cannot being decayed in strength execute their office a generall ruine follows and parts naturally restoreable through defective Organs of Reparation doe decrease and decay For the spirit like a light flame continually feeds on bodies and the Ayre without conspiring therewith doth suck and dry the fabrick and instruments of the body which are thereby decayed and made unfit to performe the office of repairing And these are the true wayes whereby natur all Death approacheth deserving due consideration For how can Natures course if unknowne bee helped or prevented Therefore the meanes whereby the consumption or decay of mans body may be prevented and the repairing and restoring thereof furthered are most precious and worth knowing The spirits and ayre without are the chiefe causes of consumption and the generall progresse of Nourishment is the cause of restoration For the spirit within and the ayre without doe worke on dead bodies striving also to produce in living bodies the same effects though weakened and restrayned by the vitall spirits and partly by them increased For bodies without life doe a long while subsist and endure without Reparation but the life of creatures without due nourishment and reparation suddenly decayes and is extinguished like fire Therefore a two-fold search is required considering mans body as livelesse and unnourished and as living and nourished So much for the Preface proceeding now to the Topicks or common-places of the search Particular Places OR Poynts of Inquiry concerning Life and Death 1. OF Nature durable and lesse durable in liveles bodies and in Vegetables no copious or Legall but a summary briefe inquiry is made 2. Of the Drinesse Withering and Consumption of livelesse bodiesand Vegetables of their manner and progresse in working and also of hindring and staying of Drying Withering and Consumption and the preservation of the state of Bodies and also of Mollifying Softning and Reviving beginning to be affected with Drinesse make diligent inquiry 3. Yet no perfect exact inquiry is needfull concerning these poynts included under their proper Title of Duration and Continuance beeing not principall matters in this Inquiry but such as doe onely affoord light to prolonging and restoring of Life in
moyst and greene also all hard fruits will keepe long in Meale or Saw-dust or in a heape of sound Corne. 17. Fruites in liquors of their kind resembling their flowers will keepe fresh as Grapes in Wine Olives in Oyle c. 18. Pomegranates and Quinces keepe long being lightly dipped into Sea-water or salt water and then in the open Ayre and shade dryed 19. Fruits laid in Wine Oyle Pickle are thereby long kept Honey and the Spirits of wine preserve them longer but especially Quicksilver 20. Fruites covered with Wax Pitch Mortar Past or the like keepe Greene very long 21. Flyes Spiders ' and Ants being accidentally drowned and buried in Amber and the Gums of Trees their soft and tender bodies doe never rot or corrupt 22. Grapes and other Fruits are by hanging up both kept from bruises often received by lying on the ground and are also by the Ayre equally encompassed 23. Observe that Vegetables and Fruites beginne to putrifie and wither on that part by which growing they attracted nourishment therefore Apples or Fruites their stalkes being covered with Waxe or Pitch wil keepe best 24. Great Weekes of Candels doe sooner consume the Suet then lesser weeks the flame of Cotton sooner then that of a Rush or Straw or Wooddentwigs and Iuniper Torches burne out sooner then Firre or Beech Torches A candle blazing in the Winde wastes sooner then burning quietly in a Lanthorne for generally all flames stirred with Winde are most wastfull and devouring Also Lampes in Sepulchers burne very long 25. The nature also and quality of the Nourishment as of the flame maketh candels burne long Waxe being more durable than Sewet and wet Sewet than dry Sewet and hard Waxthan soft Wax 26. Trees the earth about their roots being not every yeere but evere five or ten yeeres opened and the superfluous boughs and branches cut away and pruned will last the longer Also dunging and spreading of Marle about Trees or much watering makes them fruitfull but not durable And so much of preventing Drynesse and Consumption The experiments of softning Drynesse drawne from living creatures and from Man are these which follow 27. Willow-twigs serving usually to binde Trees layd to steepe in water become more flexible Rods are set in Pitchers of water to keepe them from drying and Bowles cleft with drynesse being laid in the water doe close againe 28. Boots growne old hard and stubborne being greased with Sewet before the fire doe wax soft or being onely held before the fire become somewhat softer Bladders and skinnes growne hard are softned with warme water and Sewet or any kind of grease especially by rubbing together 29. Old Trees having stood long without removing if the earth bee opened about their Rootes will beginne to put forth and flourish 30. Old spent Oxen taken from the Plough being put into fresh pastures recover new tender flesh and as sweete as if it were of a Steere 31. A strict spare dyet of Guiacum and bread twice bak'd used for curing the French Disease or old Catarrhs and the Dropsie makes Patients very leane by consuming the moisture of their body which being restor'd againe they become strong and lusty Moreover weakning sicknesses well cur'd doe make many-live the longer afterward Greater Observations 1. MEn like Owles wondrous sharp-sighted in the darknesse of their owne opinions are blinded with the day-light of Experience The elementall quality of drynesse and how drynesse by a natural working doth corrupt and consume bodies is observed but not the beginning proceeding and ending of drynesse and consumption 2. Drynesse and Consumption proceed from three Actions originally caused by the naturall spirit of bodies 3. The 1. Action is the refining of moisture into spirit the 2. the spirits venting the 3. the drawing or closing together of the bodies thicker parts the spirit being gotten out The former are Causes onely of Consumption the last is that drynesse and hardnesse heere chiefly handled The refining of Spirits is cleare and manifest for the spirit inclosed in every tangible body that may bee toucht forgets not to alter and change whatsoever is digestable and convertible in the body and doth multiply it selfe by begetting a new spirit This is most evident in substances which by drynesse being abated in weight are hollow and full of pores and doe yeeld an inward kind of sound for the spirit making things lighter rather than heavier by converting into it selfe the heavy moisture of a body makes it lighter in weight And this is the first Action namely of refining cōverting moisture into spirit 5. The second Action of the spirits venting is also evident For this venting forth of the spirit may be seene in vapours and smelt in decaying odours and sents or if breaking out by degrees as in age is the same but insensibly performed Moreover the spirit in a compact close body finding no pores whereby to vent striving to get out drives and thrusts out the thicker parts of the bodies superficies thereby making mettalls rust and fat substances grow mouldy And this is the second Action of the Spirits venting 6. The third Action obscurer but certaine is the contraction of thicker parts after the spirits getting forth for bodies do then contract take up lesser roome as dry'd Nut-kernels fill not their shells and beames and wooden rafters joyned close at first afterward through drynesse doe chinke and cleave asunder and Bowles chap and gape with drynesse Secondly it is evident by the wrinkles of withered bodies some parts by contraction being loosened others drawne together and wrinkled For wrinkled outsides of bundels of Paper and old Parchments the skinne of living creatures and soft cheese having an outward coate wrinkled with age are smooth within and so Parchment Paper and leaves held before the fire doe wrinkle turne and winde together For Age by slow contracting and drawing together doth cause wrinkles but fire doth hastily contract and fold together and substances uncapable of wrinkles do cōtract and grow hard But when bodies after the spirits are violently vented and moisture consumed cannot unite contract they putrefie into a masse of dust which being lightly touched falls asunder and vanishes into ayre as burnt Paper and Linnen and embalmed carkasses will doe And this is the third action of Contraction of thick parts after the Spirits venting 7. Observe that when fire and heate drying onely accidentally have performed their proper worke of refining and diffusing the spirit and moysture then the parts accidentally contract onely to avoid vacuity and emptinesse or for other reasons 8. Putrefaction and drynesse proceeding from the inward spirit differ in their ingresse and entrance for in putrefaction all the spirit is not vented but a part detayn'd which like a silent fancy works divers changes on the thicker parts not locally contracted and brings them to an uniforme likenesse The length and shortnesse of Life in living creatures COncerning the length and shortnesse of Life in living creatures observations
being a Bird that eateth any kind of meate chews his food changes his Bill and is of a churlish angry disposition and hath black flesh 31. The Peacocke hath a slow pace and white flesh living twenty yeers and being three yeeres old his tayle is with Argus eies speckled and adorned 32. The Cocke is leacherous a couragious fighter and short-liv'd having white flesh 33. The Turky-cocke or Indian Cocke somewhat longer liv'd than the Cocke is a testy angry bird and hath very white flesh 34. The Ring-Dove being an ayery Bird loving to build and sit high is long-liv'd fifty yeeres being her age But Pidgeons and Turtles are short-liv'd their Age being eight yeeres 35. Pheasants and Partridges live sixteene yeeres being great breeders but blacker flesh'd than chickens or Pullets 36. The lascivious loud whistling Black-bird is of all small birds longest liv'd 37. The Sparrow is short-liv'd the Cocke-sparrow shortning his life by wanton lasciviousnesse The Linnet and Finch though no bigger than the sparrow doe live twenty yeeres 38. The Estredges age is uncertaine life not long as by tame Estreges it is observ'd The age of the Bird 〈◊〉 being long-liv'd is unknowne 39. The age of Fishes lesse observ'd because living under the water is more uncertaine than the age of Beasts Some of them breath not their vitall spirits being kept close and cooled by their gills but not so constantly as by breathing 40. The ayre dries not nor decayes their bodies because the water wherein they live encompassing them pierceth into their pores having a greater power than encompassing ayre to shorten their lives 41. They are ravenous devourers of their owne kind having cold blood and soft flesh not so firme as Beasts flesh but fatter an infinite quantity of oyle being made of the fat of 42. Dolphins live thirty yeeres for some whose tayles were cut off thirty yeeres afterward being taken were knowne they grow tenne yeeres 43. It is observable and very strange that Fishes bodies doe grow slender with age their tayle and head retaining their former bignesse 44. In Fish-ponds belonging to the Roman Emperour Lampreys living threescore yeers by long keeping were made tame one of their deaths being therefore by the Orator Crassus lamented 45. The Pike of all fresh-water fish is longest liv'd forty yeeres being his age hee is a ravenous devourer and his flesh in eating is dry and firme 46. The Carpe Breame Tench and Eele live not above tenne yeares 47. Salmons are of a suddaine growth but short liv'd and also Trouts but the Perch groeth slowly and lives longer 48. The age of the Whale Sea-Calfe Sea-hog and other Fishes is unknowne 49. The long-liv'd Crocodile alwayes growing is a devouring cruel creature that layeth Egges and the Water pierces not his skinne beeing scaly and hard The age of other shel-fishes is unknowne Greater Observations COncerning the length and shortnesse of the life of living Creaturer hitherto negligently observed and proceeding from divers causes insteed of certayne Rules hard to find these notes following may be added 1. Birds are longer-liv'd then Beasts as th' Eagle Vulter Pellican Kite Raven Crow Swan Goose Storke Crane Ib is Parret Ringdove c. though they are lesser and in one yeare at their ful growth For Birds are long-liv'd because they are wel clothed with warme Feathers to keepe out cold and doe live in the free open Aire as Mountayners doe or because when they flye they are carryed by the Ayre their Wings this mixt motiō makes thē helthful or because Birds are not pin'd for want of nourishment or thrust in the belly of their old Bird by turnes laying her eggs but especially because Birds partaking more of the Hennes substance than of the Cocks have not such sharpe and hot spirits 2. It is a Position that living creatures begotten by a greater quantity of the Dammes seed as Birds are than of the Sires and lying longer in their Dammes belly partaking more of the Dammes seed than the Sires are therefore longer liv'd And it is observeable that men being in visage and countenance liker their mother than their father doe live longest as those children doe which sound and healthfull men beget on young Wives 3. Living creatures may receive much hurt or good in their first breeding for such as lye not too close together in the belly of the Damme but have sufficient nourishment are long-liv'd as the egges of Birds laid by turnes and the young of Beasts bringing but one at a yeaning have roome enough and nourishment 4. Long bearing in the mothers wombe and the Dammes belly is forthree respects a cause of long life First the of-spring hath more of the mothers or Dammes substance Secondly it becomes a stronger birth Thirdly it better endures the Ayres power Lastly it denotes that Nature intended such a Birth for the Center of a large circumference of many yeeres The short life of Oxen and Sheepe Calves and Lambs lying sixe moneths in their Dams belly before they are calved yeaned proceeds from other causes 5. Grazing Cattle are short-liv'd but Beasts feeding on flesh live longer and Birds which do eate seeds and fruits For halfe the long-lived Harts foode growes as they say above his head and the Goose feeding not onely on Grasse finde some foode in the Water 6. Another cause of long life is warme cloathing and keeping out immoderate heat and cold whereby the Body is much weakned and decay'd as Birds cloathed with warm Feathers are therefore longer liv'd But Sheepe having thicke Fleeces are not longliv'd being subject to many Diseases and feeding onely on grasse 7. The Head is the principall seate of all the Spirits beeing great wasters and consumers of the Body so that the great abundance or sharp inflamatiō of the Spirits shortens Life Therefore Birds having little heads inrespect of their bodies are long liv'd and men having very great heads live not long 8. The best kind of motion for prolonging of Life is to be born and carried as the Swan and other swiming water Fowle are and all Birds flying more painfully with their wings and fish whose Age and long life is unknowne 9. Slow comming to perfection both for Growth and ripenes signifies long life in al creatures for teeth private haire and a Beard are degrees of maturity or ripenesse preceding Manhood 10. Milde meeke ereatures as Sheepe and Doves are not long-liv'd the gall being like a whetstone whereon natures faculties are sharpened and fitted to performe their offices 11. Creatures having white flesh live not so long as those whose blacker flesh shewes that their Bodies moisture is finner and more compact 12. As a great fire is lasting and not soone extinguished and a little water soone evaporates so quantity and bignesse preserve corruptible bodies a twigge withering sooner than the body of a Tree and all great Beasts living longer than lesser Beasts Nourishment and the waies of Nourishing The History 1. NOurishment should bee of an inferiour nature
and cleerenesse and of the Balsomes and Quintessences of living Creatures which being contayn'd and received in Vessels would give a proud hope of immortality And of the flesh of Serpents and Harts being powerfull to renew Life the one changing his skinne the other his Hornes and the flesh of Eagles because the Eagle changeth his Bill and of one that by annointing himselle all over except the soules of his feete lived 300 yeeres and never felt any other sicknesse but onely a swelling of his feete and of Artesius who perceiving that his spirits grew old attracted the spirit of a lusty young man killing him for that purpose and receiving it into his mouth with the young mans last Breath living many yeeres by his Spirit and of fortunate Houres according to Astronomie wherein medicines to prolong Life should bee gathered and compounded and of the Planets influence powerfull to prolong life and the like superstitious fables and strange delusions by which Reason being besieged hath miserably yeelded up the Fort of beleefe But to these materiall Intentions touching the quicke of the matter though not largely handled much cannot be added some few Admonitions onely concerning them are to be delivered First the Offces and Duties of Life being better than Life the Prescriptions of our Intententions hinder not the Offices and Duties of Life such being rejected or lightly mentioned and not insisted on For no serious Discourse of living in a Denne or hole of a Rocke like Epimenides Cave never befriended with any cheerefull Sun-beame or Day-light or of continuall Baths of prepared Liquors nor of Seare-cloaths keeping the body in a bagge nor of thicke pargetting and painting used by Salvages or of accurate dyets to prolong life formerly kept by 〈◊〉 and in our Age more moderately by Cornarus Venetus nor the like unprofitable idle projects are heere mentioned But our Remedies and Precepts may be used without interrupting and hindering common duties and businesses Secondly it is a vaine conceit to imagine that any Potion or Medicine can stay or renew the course of Nature which great Worke must bee brought about and effected by Application of divers Remedies and being a new project must bee wrought by unusuall meanes Thirdly some following Propositions are not grounded on approoved experiments but on Reason and our former Principles and suppositions are all cut and digged out of the Rock and Myne of Nature And because mans body is in Scripture said to be the Soules upper garment therfore no dangerous but wholesome and profitable Remedies are here propounded Besides it is observable that the same drugs are not good to preserve Health and to lengthen life for some being good to cheere the spirits and make them vigorously and strongly performe their duties doe shorten life others being powerfull to prolong life unlesse prevention bee used doe endanger health therefore some Cautions and Advertisements shall bee inserted leaving the choise of Remedies belonging to the severall Intentions to the Readers discretion For their agreeablenesse to different constitutions of bodies to divers kinds of Life and severall ages and the Order observable in their Application would bee too tedious to declare and unfit to bee published The 3. Intentions propounded in the Topicks of staying consumption perfecting reparation and renewing Age are enlarged into these ten Operations 1. The first Operation is of reviving and renewing the Spirits 2. The second Operation is of excluding or keeping out the Ayre 3. The third of Blood and heate breeding Blood 4. The fourth of the juyce and moysture of the Body 5. The fifth of the Bowels and digestion of nourishment 6. The sixth is of the outward parts attracting nourishment 7. The seaventh is of making Dyet more nourishing 8. The eight is of the last act of Assimilation or converting into the substance of the body 9. The ninth is of making the parts of the body tender after they begin to wither and waxe dry 10. The tenth is of purging out old-moysture and filling the body with fresh new moysture Of these Operations the first foure belong to the first Intention the second foure to the second Intention and the two last to the third Intention And because these Intentions may bee dayly practised therefore under the name of an History Experiments Observations Counsells Remedies Explications of Causes and Reasons are together blended and mingled The Operation on the Spirits to make them continue youthfull and to revive and renew them being decayed The History 1. THat the Spirits worke all effects in the Body is most cleere and evident by divers Experiments 2. And youthfull Spirits convey'd into an old Body would like a great wheele turning about the lesser make Nature move backward and old folks become young 3. In all Consumption by Fire or age the more moisture that the spirit or heate doth devoure the lesse durable is the substance 4. The spirits working temperately should not drinke or devoure but sip the moysture of the body 5. Flames are of two kinds one suddaine and weake working and vanquishing thinne substances as the blazing flame of straw and shavings of wood the other strong and constant invading hard stubborne substances as the flame of great wood 6. Flames suddainly blazing and weake doe dry consume and parch the Body but strong flames dissolve and melt the body making it moist and solt 7. Also some plasters and medicines for swellings drawing out thinne humours doe harden the flesh others by drawing strongly doe soften 8. And some Purgations doe sweepe and fetch away waterish thinne humours others draw downe watery stubborne flymy matter 9. Such spirits as are more powerfull to abate and subject hard stubborne humours than to avoyd thinne and prepared humours will keepe the body lusty and strong 10. The Spirits should bee composed thicke in substance hot and lively not sharpe and burning of sufficient quantity not abounding or swelling and quiet in motion not hoyting or leaping in an unequall unruly manner 11. Vapours worke powerfully on the Spirits as those doe arising from sleepe drunkennesse melancholy and merry passions and from odours and sweet smells recreating the fainting spirits 12. The Spirits are by foure sorts of meanes thickned by flight cooling delight and restraint and first of the thickning by flight 13. Bodies by generall driving and putting to flight are forced into their Center and so thickned 14. The juyce of blacke Poppy and all medicines procuring sleepe doe thicken the spirits by flight 15. Three Graines of Poppy-juyce will make the spirits curdle together and quite extinguish their working 16. The spirits are not put to flight by the coldnesse of Poppy-juyce and the like Drugs being hot but the flight of the spirits doth make them hot and cooling 17. The flight of the spirits from Poppy-juyce is best discerned by the outward application making the spirits withdraw and retire and keepe within untill the mortified part turne to a Gangrine 18. In painefull incisions or cutting for the Stone or cutting
my youth I was familiarly acquainted at Poicters in France with an ingenious young Gentleman afterward an eminent man who inveighing against the conditions of Age would usually say that old mens minds being visible would appeare as 〈◊〉 as their Bodies 〈◊〉 afterward comparing the mindes vices in Age to the 〈◊〉 defects saying They 〈◊〉 skinn'd and impudent 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and envious 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 Earth not Heaven being their constant Object 〈◊〉 Limbs wavering and unconstant wooked finger'd greedy and covetous knees 〈◊〉 and fearefull 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 But to make a more serious Comparison Youth is shamefac'd and modest Age is hardened Youth is liberall and mercifull Age is hard youth emulates age envies youth is religious and fervently zealous being unexperienced in the miseries of this World age cold in piety and charity through much experience and incredulity youth is forward in defire age 〈◊〉 youth light and inconstant age grave and constant youth is liberall bountifull and loving age covetous and wisely provident youth confident and 〈◊〉 age distrustfull and 〈◊〉 youth gentle and 〈◊〉 age froward and disdainfull youth sincere and simple age cautelous and close youth haughty in desires age carefull for necessaries youth a Time-pleaser Age a Time-rememberer youth an Adorer of Superiors age a Censurer And by many other Characters impertinent to the present matter the different conditions of youth and age may bee described But the body growing fat in age so the Iudgement not the Fancy growes stronger preferring safe sure courses before shows appearances And lastly Age loves to 〈◊〉 and brag and being defirous to doe least is desirous to talke most Poets therefore feigned that old 〈◊〉 was changed into a chirping Grashopper Canons of the Continuation and Forme of Death CANON 1. DIssolution or Corruption 〈◊〉 by transmigration into another Body The Explication THere is no utter destruction Corruption being a dissolution into Ayre or 〈◊〉 into some other body As the Spider Flye and Ant 〈◊〉 tender 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 falling into Amber 〈◊〉 therein buryed finding therein both a Death and 〈◊〉 preserving them 〈◊〉 from Corruption than a Royall Monument For no Ayre being within there can be no corruption and the 〈◊〉 nature of Amber 〈◊〉 of no Reception from their substance Wood or Roots being put into 〈◊〉 would also remaine 〈◊〉 Waxe Honey and Gumme doe also preserve 〈◊〉 corruption CAN. 2. EVery tangible body hath Spirit covered and encompassed with a thicke body being the cause of consumption and dissolution The Explication NO knowne body on the upper part of the Earth doth want a spirit either by 〈◊〉 and concoction of coelestiall heate or by other meanes for the concavity and hollownesse of bodies admitting no vacuity or emptinesse is fill'd with Ayre or a spirit But this spirit here mentioned is no power efficacy or perfection but onely a 〈◊〉 invisible body yet locall dimensive and reall neither is this spirit Ayre as the juyce 〈◊〉 Grape is not water but a 〈◊〉 body like Ayre yet 〈◊〉 but the thicke parts 〈◊〉 substance being 〈◊〉 slow and almost 〈◊〉 would endure longer 〈◊〉 the working piercing spirit 〈◊〉 not devoure the moysture 〈◊〉 body and all that is 〈◊〉 vertible into a new spirit 〈◊〉 former new made spirits 〈◊〉 by degrees 〈◊〉 together This is evident the decrease of waight in 〈◊〉 bodies by venting of 〈◊〉 not increasing the 〈◊〉 of a body but yet by 〈◊〉 making it grow dry CAN. 3. THE 〈◊〉 of the spiriti is the cause of Drynesse but by inward detaining and warking they doe soften 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quicken The Explication THere are foure workings of the Spirit Drynesse Softning Putrefaction and generation of bodies Drynesse is no proper worke of the Spirit but of the thicker parts after the venting of the Spirits shrinking and uniting together to avoide vacuity or emptinesse as burned Bricks doe Sea-coale cakes stale Bread and Toasts Softnesse is 〈◊〉 worke of the Spirits 〈◊〉 by heate whereby the Spirits enlarging not venting 〈◊〉 pierce into and moysten 〈◊〉 thicker parts making 〈◊〉 soft and limber as Fire 〈◊〉 Mettalls and Waxe for 〈◊〉 and other stiffe 〈◊〉 are of a matter fit to 〈◊〉 the Spirits and keep 〈◊〉 from venting 〈◊〉 is a mixt work of the 〈◊〉 thicker parts for after 〈◊〉 spirit contayning and 〈◊〉 the parts of the 〈◊〉 is vented all the parts 〈◊〉 and returne into their 〈◊〉 Elements because by the spirits of substances gathering 〈◊〉 putrefied bodies stink 〈◊〉 the assembling together of 〈◊〉 becōming light 〈◊〉 the withdrawing of water and earth are dissolved and fall asunder But generation or quickning being a mixt worke of the spirit and thicker parts is performed in another manner the spirit being totally detayn'd swelling and moving locally but the thicker parts being not dissolved but following the motion of the spirit blowing and fashioning them into divers Formes are generated and become bodies therefore the matter quickned is alwayes clammy limber plyant and soft be thereby fit to detayne the spirit and to yeeld to the spirits fashioning of parts such being also the clammy yeelding matter of all Vegetables and living Creatures generated of 〈◊〉 or seed CAN. 4. ALL living Creatures have two Spirits dead Spirits 〈◊〉 those in livelesse Creatures 〈◊〉 the living Spirits The Explication NEcessary is the consideration of Mans body as 〈◊〉 and unnourished or 〈◊〉 and nourished the 〈◊〉 shewing the wayes of 〈◊〉 the latter of 〈◊〉 For there are in the 〈◊〉 Bones Skinnes Organs 〈◊〉 the severall limbes of the 〈◊〉 body such spirits as are 〈◊〉 the Flesh Bone and Skinne 〈◊〉 separated and Dead 〈◊〉 in a Dead 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the vitall spirits governing and agreeing with them is of a different nature integrall and constant They differ in two respects mortuall dead spirits are not continued but disjoyned and inclosed in a thicker body as Ayrein Snow or Froath But the spirit being continuate passing through certaine Channels and totally inclosed is either pervious passing through small pores or continuate and resident in a proportionable quantity to the Body in a hollow seate or Fountaine whence lesser Rivalets are derived This seate is the Ventricles of the Braine being straite and narrow in the baser sort of living creatures whose spirits being spred through the whole body have no particular 〈◊〉 residence as in 〈◊〉 Eeles and Flyes whose 〈◊〉 being cut asunder will 〈◊〉 afterward And Birds their Heads being pluckt off will leape and flutter because their Heads being small their spirits have therein no 〈◊〉 residence But 〈◊〉 have large Ventricles especially Man And besides the vitall spirit is inflameable being compounded of Flame and Ayre as the moysture of Living creatures is of Oyle and Water the 〈◊〉 giving it motion and 〈◊〉 as inflameable smoak before it blaze into a flame 〈◊〉 hot thinne and moveble being when it is a flame 〈◊〉 substance but the 〈◊〉 of the vitall spirits is more gentle than the flame of the spirit of wine beeing compounded of an aiery substance
IN oyly fat substances not clamy the spirits are willingly detayned The Explication THE Spirit not incited by the Antipathy of an encompassing Body nor fed by too neere likenesse of a Body doth not strive much to depart As in oyly substances being not so trouble some to the spirit as hard substances nor so like it as watry substances nor tempted forth by the flattery of encompassing Ayre CAN. 17. THE suddaine departure of the watery humour doth make oylinesse endure the longer The Explication WAtery spirits as was sayd being like Ayre doe sooner depart than Ayre oyly spirits slower having not so much affinity with ayre But both these moystures being in most bodies the watery spirit doth vent before the oyly and the former getting forth by degrees carryeth with it the latter Therefore light drying is healthfull maling the watery humour expire not forcing out the watery humour there by becomming more perfect and both hindering putrefaction and preserving the body yong And therefore light rubbings and exercise breathing the body not procuring sweate doe exceedingly lengthen life CAN. 18 THE exclusion or keeping out of the ayre lengthens life other inconvemences being avoyded The Explication THE evolation or departing of the spirit as was sayd is a two-fold action proceeding from the Appetite of the Spirit and of the Ayre The former Action may be stayed and taken away by Oyntments the Remedies for the inconveniences ensuing thereon being prescribed in the second Operation CAN. 19. By young spirits being put into an aged body the course of 〈◊〉 may be suddainly brought about againe to youth The Explication THE Spirits are in Nature like the highest wheele turning about the other wheeles in Mans body and an especiall Engine to lengthen Life Besides the spirits are easily and soone altered For Operation on the spirits is two-fold one by Nourishment being slow and indirect the other suddaine directly working on the spirits by vapors or by affections CAN. 20. THE moisture of the body being hard and oyly doth lengthen life The Explication THE Reason is grounded on a former Rosition that hard and oyly substances are hardly dissipated or dispersed But yet as was sayd in the tenth Operation hard moisture 〈◊〉 lesse dissipable is also lesse reparable and an inconvenience therefore joyned with a convenience can produce no great effect But the oyly moysture being not dissipable and also reparable is therefore diligently to bee regarded CAN. 21. Sv btile thinne piercing substances without gnawing Acrymony or sharpnesse doe breed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Explication THis Canon is more difficult in practice than in 〈◊〉 For all piercing 〈◊〉 and sharpe substances doe 〈◊〉 and corrode hardening 〈◊〉 but the penetration of the subtile substances without violence doth bedew and water the body as was 〈◊〉 in the fourth and seventh Operation CAN. 22. ASstmilation or Digestion is best performed when all locall motion doth cease The Explication THis Canon in the Cōment on the third Operation is sufficiently explained CAN. 23. Nourishment received by outward meanes not onely by the stomacke would lengthen life if it may be effected The Explication NOurishment doth work in a compasse course but infusions more suddainly therfore outward nourishment would be good because the faculties of digestion doe faile in age And inward Nourishment joyned with outward Nourishment by baths oyntments and glisters wonld be more powerfull and strong CAN. 24. DIgestion being weak to drive out nourishment the outward parts must be comforted to draw forth nourishment The Explication 〈◊〉 His Canon and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are not the same for 〈◊〉 of outward 〈◊〉 differs from Extraction 〈◊〉 drawing out of in ward 〈◊〉 but both by several 〈◊〉 doe helpe weaknesse 〈◊〉 Digestion CAN. 25. ALL 〈◊〉 renewing of the Body is wrought either the Spirits or by softning The Explication IN the Body there are spirits and parts where Nourish 〈◊〉 by a compasse-course 〈◊〉 but vapours and 〈◊〉 doe work suddainly on the spirits and softning on the parts yet externall Nourishment and softning must not bee confounded softning intending not to nourish the parts but make them more nourishable CAN. 26. SOftning is wrought by like substances by piercing and shutting substances The Explication FOr Consubstantials or like substances doe properly soften conveying substances drive in and binding shutting substancesdoe retaine and restraine Perspiration or breathing forth being a motion contrary to softning Therefore as was said in the ninth 〈◊〉 softning cannot be 〈◊〉 once effected but by an 〈◊〉 proceeding First by 〈◊〉 and keeping out the 〈◊〉 by thicke Oyntments because the outward thicke 〈◊〉 doth not supple the body but the subtile vapours thereinto penetrating and piercing Secondly by softning 〈◊〉 Consubstantialls and the 〈◊〉 substances for Bodies by the gentle touch of like substances doe open and loosen 〈◊〉 pores Thirdly by 〈◊〉 of the like substances and 〈◊〉 restrayning 〈◊〉 Afterwards binding 〈◊〉 Plasters and Oyntments 〈◊〉 good applyable untill 〈◊〉 subtile softnesse of the 〈◊〉 be growne hard and solid CAN. 27. THE frequent renewing of reparable parts doth bedew and moysten the lesse reparable The Explication IN the beginning of the History the perishing of the more reparable and lesse reparable parts together was called the high way of Death and therefore the Reparation of these parts should be most intended For as Aristotle well observed that in Plants new sap passing through the boughes doth refresh the body also so in like manner by often repairing the flesh and blood of the body the Bones and Membranes and other lesse reparable parts by the passage of new moysture and being cloathed with new flesh and blood may be 〈◊〉 renewed CAN. 28. COoling not passing by the stemacke doth lengthen life The Explication FOr a strong cooling of the Blood is necessary to prolong Life which cannot bee effected inwardly without hurting the stomacke and bowels CAN. 29. COnsumption and reparation being both effected by heate 〈◊〉 by their conioyned Operation 〈◊〉 length of Life The Explication ALL great workers are destroyed by the mixture of Natures helpfull and hurtfull in severall respects Therefore Judgement in practice must distinguish good heates from hurtfull CAN. 30. DIseases are curable by Medicines but Life must bee lengthned by Dyets The Explication ACcidentall Diseases their Causes being taken away doe cease but the continuall course of Nature flowing like a River must bee stopt and turn'd backe by Dyets whereof there are two kinds set dyet used at certaine times and familiar dayly Dyet Set Dyets are more powerfull being able to turne backe Natures course and sooner change and alter the Body than usuall Dyets In the Intention three set Dyets are onely mentioned the Dyet with Opium the Dyet for softning and the Dyet for making leane and renewing the Body But in dayly Dyet these Prescriptions good also in set Dyets are most effectuall Nitre and Drugges subordinate to Nitre the government of the Affections and the kinds of Studies Coolers not passing by the stomacke oyly Drinkes making the Blood firme by Potions of the Powder of Pearle and wood Drugs Oyntments to keepe out the Ayre and keepe in the Spirits outward heaters to further 〈◊〉 after sleepe avoyding inflamers of the Spirits infusing into them a sharpe heat as Wines and hot Spices and the moderate and seasonable use of Drugges infusing a strong heate into the Spirits as Saffron Cresses Garlick Elecampane and compositions of Opium CAN. 31. THe living Spirit doth immediatly perish being destitute of motion cooling or nourishment The Explication THese are three Doores of Death formerly mentioned being the proper and immediate passions of the spirit For all the Organs of the principall parts serve them in performing their Offices And the destruction of the Organs doth cause their Defectivenes Therefore all other wayes to Death meete in these three commonroades But the Fabricke of the parts is the Organ of the spirit as the spirit is of the reasonable Soule being immortall and Divine CAN. 32. FLame is a momentary Substance Ayre a fixed the living spirits in creatures is of a middle Nature The Explication THis Canon requires a deeper search and larger Explication than is here requisite Flame is continually generated and extinguished and continued only by succession But ayre is a fixed body not subject to dissolution for though the ayre doth out of moisture generate new ayre yet the olde ayre remaineth whence proceedeth the over-burdning of the ayre mentioned in the title of Winds But the spirits participating of the nature of flame and ayre is nourished by Oyle being of the same kinde with flame and by ayre homogeneous to water For the spirit is not nourished by an oyly or waterish substance but by both And though ayre and flame oyle and water are hardly blended and compounded yet they agree in a mixtbody The ayre raysing quicke and delicate conceits in the Fancy and the flame enciting noble active Desires in the Soule The continuance also of the spirit is compounded beeing neyther so momentary as flame nor so fixed as ayre And therfore is not accidentally extinguished like a flame by contraries for the spirit is not so hard beset with Destructive qualities But the spirits are repayred by lively fresh Blood insinuated through the Arteries into the Braine by a speciall manner of reparation not now to be mentioned FINIS Artic. 1 Artic. 20. Artic. 3. Cōnexion Artic. 4. Artic. 5 6 7 8 9 and 11. An admonition Artic. 10 An admo nition Artic. 15 Connexion 〈◊〉 Admonition Artic. 16