a circular motion though theâ—â— is no exact circular motion in the Head but semi-circular only for we cannot â—urne our Head in orbe that is quite round may be done the Neck quiescent if you strive to look by turnes to the Right Hand and to the Left by a circumversion of your Head for after what manner soever you order the posture of your Neck this semi-circumaction of the Head is commodiously performed For when men bend their Neck and the Head inclined therewith as Sheâ—pe-biters in their shamefull feare and rustâ—ck bashfulnesse are wont to do Or if the Neck be extended as in Refusall and Dislike it usually is and in feare and jealousie and dread which makes a man circumspect and to weare his Beard as the Spanish Proverb saies upon one shoulder Or if the Neck be Loftily extended as in proud men who look aside upon men as they say over one shoulder Or whether the Neck be bent down laterally to one shoulder as in â—anguishing of the Mind in all these we may easily maintaine the gyre or circumaction of the Head which ability of motion was ordered to the Head out of an obsequious regard to the eye for that which is behind cannot otherwise bee seene by the eye unlesse the conversion of the Head relieved the Defect and when we need more then this Capitall Semi-circumvolution the thighes helpe to turne the Body round So that the mind is every way fitted with Muscles for circumspection and wary heede So that the same Muscles which before were called the Recusants might in reference to these affections of the mind be called Musculi Timoris Pudoris Rusticani Contemptus The Muscles of Feare Rustique Bashfulnesse and Contempt or amici circumspectionis the Friends of Circumâ—pection Dissect VI. LIght Displeasure makes us shake our Head and casts it into a short Ague of Distaste which gesture we also use when we Dissallow chide forbid rebuke condemne doubt lament condole repent c. which action is nothing els but a sloe and definite trembling and an effect arising from the same cause that trembling and horror doe namely from the retyring of the Spirits but in a lesse degree The muscles by whose operation this important motion is produced are the oblique Muscles of Dislike moving reprocally by short turnes and so duplifying the single motion of oblique Disallowance into a redoubled and more ample circle of Distaste ¶ The quick succession of the same oblique Muscles of one side working alone and their fellowes on the other side taking it by turnes to maintaine the rotation accomplisheth also that motion of thâ— enraged and frantick fury of the mind which wheeles and swings about the Head in the voluntary and giddy vertigo of Phrensie or Bacchanalian fury And because some latter Anatomists have gone about to take away this act of circumversion from the Head if you desire to see â—his motion having gotten a Humane Carkasse endeavour to remove all the â—arts which are laid over the Head and Neck the ligaments onely left then â—ut that part of the skull which is coveâ—ed with haire with a saw in orbe and â—raw out the Braine with a portion of â—he Spinall marrow afterwards bid aâ—other to comprehend the skull on both sides with his Hands and to hold firme the first and second vertebre that while you shake the Head you may try whether it may be moved after this manner to the sides and in orbe insooth this motion although in it selfe somewhat obscure and is tryed in a dead Body which is not onely destitute of naturall heate but hath also by reason of cold the ligaments almost contracted yet it is not so smal that it may not answer these small Muscles which cause it and which have no other office than to accommodate the significations of this motion Dissect VII IN Supplication tendernesse of love and humility servile respect flattery reverence and obsequious regard c. â— moderate bowing the head to one side is ofteâ— used the better to move others to coâ—passion by that languishing posture 〈◊〉 the Head This oblique motion is of 〈◊〉 second kind of motions and of the 〈◊〉 differences wherein an oblique motioâ— may be done this may be truely call oblique which motion is peculiar 〈◊〉 private to the Neck according to Vâ—â—â—salius who challengeth this as a peculiar for the Head obtaines no peculiar motion of laterall inclination but is carried to the side by the benefit of the Neck onely and by a secondary motion for the Neck unmov'd and rigid we have no power granted us to bring the Head â—ny way towards this or that Scapula â—ntill the Necke be turned thither The â—ntimations of the mind that are exhiâ—ited by this laterall motion of the Neck have no peculiar Muscles assign'd â—nto their action there being not parâ—â—cular and private Muscles allow'd to very motion of the mind energetically â—orking out its signification by the moâ—â—on of the Head for this oblique moâ—â—on is perform'd when one of the Flexâ—â—s and Extensors of the Neck work toâ—â—ther Eustachius sees nothing to hinder yet he will not affirme it rashly that 〈◊〉 significations of the mind may be 〈◊〉 exhibited when two Muscles of 〈◊〉 same side yet of diyers yoakes or â—â—njugations to wit the forward and 〈◊〉 hindermost from the Head inserted â—o the transverse processe of the first 〈◊〉 work together for the Detriment of moving which necessary followed the security of the Article of the Head is sufficiently recompensed by Nature with the multitude magnitude various situation of Muscles So that 〈◊〉 the Flexors and Extensors of one side 〈◊〉 contracted together the Head following the motion of the Neck is driven to the Right or left Hand wherein they obteine their situation and according 〈◊〉 these worke more or lesse by reason 〈◊〉 their fibres this straight obliquity 〈◊〉 more emphaticall And although theâ—â— being no proper Muscles assign'd to 〈◊〉 action the Muscles that cause it 〈◊〉 no peculiar Denomination yet we maâ— call that Flexor and Extensor when the appeare working together especialâ—â— upon the same Right side 〈◊〉 Supplicationis or Adulationis the 〈◊〉 of Supplication or adulation or the 〈◊〉 flatterers ¶ In extraordinaâ—â— languishment of the Spirits and in 〈◊〉 or wantonnesse of the mind 〈◊〉 Head usually is seen to fall to the Rigâ—â— Shoulder But why this Caput 〈◊〉 or mollitiei this head of languishment effeminacy should alwayes sinke to 〈◊〉 Right shoulder is a subtilty worth the Scanning Baldus thinkes that in these maladyes of the mind the Neck and Head may incline more to the Right hand than to the Left because the Muscles on the Left side are more easily resolv'd than those of the Right as being â—esse nourished for that it is more cold â—nd weaker than the Right which happens because it is lesse moved and exercized Now sinâ—e they who are drenched â—n these maladyes of the mind cannot â—ncline their Heads backward nor forâ—ard in regard of the
their substance if they should be compelled to give any thing away which was in their possession from which most Emphaticall operation of this Muscle to thâ—â— signification of the Mind the Muscâ—â— might be properly called Musculâ—â— illiberalis the Illiberall Negative or the Niggard Muscle So much shal suffice as to the Denominations of this Muscle which is principall in the Action which thâ— Mind enters visibly in the Head and Shoulders as for the other Muscles which are but Accessories they are like to retaine their old names unlesse some charitable Myotomist be pleased to take pitty of their private Condition and think good to bestow the other significations of this Action as nominall favors severally upon them Memb. II. Of the Muscles serving to the generall expressions or most important motions of the Face or Countenance MAny are the affections of the Mind that appeare in the signifiâ—ant motions of the Face even when â—he Bones are at rest for whereas some â—arts of our skin are altogether immoâ—â—able and pertinacious in their circumâ—uction over the subjacent parts other â—arts thereof versatile indeed but they are not actuated with any voluntary motion the skin of the whole Face participates of motion which being voluntary does necessarily imply the use of Muscles by whose benefit those motions should be orderly and significantly performed Galen was the first who observed that Broad Muscle which he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The broad Mouse-Muscle and was unknown to the ancient Anatomists arising from the top of the Sternon and the whole Channell Bone the upper Spine of the Shoulder-blade the Spine of the Vertebres of the Neck and inserted into all the parts of the Head which 〈◊〉 without haire and the lower jaw beâ—yond which it goes not according 〈◊〉 whose variety of originals and the proâ—ductions of divers fibres it proves 〈◊〉 Author of so many voluntary motioâ— as appeare in the Face for it so ends 〈◊〉 the Face that it covers it within as 〈◊〉 a Visard Sylvius makes it a Horsemaâ— Cap or a Riding-Hood if you take 〈◊〉 so much of it as is covered with the 〈◊〉 Theophilus compares it to a womans 〈◊〉 which the Greekes vulgarly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is nothing else but a notable fleshie Membrane a medium between a skin and a Muscle which encloseth the Head and Face no lesse than the Skin therefore called fleshie because besides the nature of other Membranes in some places it is thicker and degenerates as it were into a Muscle as appeares in most parts of the Face where the skin conveyed along with the Membrane is the cause why the skin is there moveable hence Creatures who have all their skin moveable for the greatest part have this Membrane growing to â—heir skin But although the Ancients â—hought the whole Face was moved in â—ll its significations by the operation of â—his broad Muscle yet latter Anatomists â—ave found out the Muscles that lye unâ—er it whose opportune subjection â—oncurs to the advancement of the â—eaking motions and voluntary disâ—urses of the Countenance there 〈◊〉 for these purposes of the Mind as 〈◊〉 reckon forty sixe to wit to the â—otion of the Eyes and Eye-brows â—enty foure to the motion of the 〈◊〉 twelve and to the rest of the parts ten These Muscles by the effect of their action are beheld in the motion of the Face while they move the skin together with them the parts wherein they are inserted varying according to the variety of the parts This difference being as Galen speaks between the skin and the eyes and lips that under the skin there is a Musculous thin Nature the Eyes are moved by Muscles and the Lips by a Nature mixt of a skin and a Muscle So that the parts of the Face have their significant motions either from the administration of their propeâ— Muscles as the Forehead Eye-lids and Lips or by reason of the vicinity oâ— the skin as the Balls of the Cheeke which being destitute of Muscles 〈◊〉 moved together with the next skin 〈◊〉 that indeed one motion often times folâ—lows upon another by reason of 〈◊〉 common broad Muscle out of whicâ— the Muscles that move the parts of 〈◊〉 Face are made there being some 〈◊〉 are common to two Members as 〈◊〉 of the Nose and upper Lip and the 〈◊〉 and Cheeks whose Muscles are 〈◊〉 to each other Indeed the Professe of Dissection assigne not any action to the skin in generall because it is a simple and similar part not organicall and instrumentall which must be understood of common and visible actions for private it hath as nourishing it selfe by attraction of aliment though indeed in regard of Tact it hath a common action But in the Face it hath a publique and locall motion that is most Emphatically significant wherein the perturbations of the Mind discover themselves being moved in the Face by the streight annexion to Muscles which are the organs of voluntary motion for Nature would have it so ordered â—hat by the benefit of certaine Muscles working under the skin and affecting â—he parts of the Face being all of them furnished in their originals with Nerves from the third Conjugation of Nerves â—hat come from the Braine Man with â—is very Countenance alone should â—xpresse all his Will Mind and Desire when at any time it happened â—o be inconvenient or unlawfull to open 〈◊〉 in words at length The reason why â—he Face doth so naturally follow the motions of the Mind and is an Index of the Affections is as Baldus thinks That Affections being Passions in matter and in the Body they are the forms of a certaine Body to wit of the Mass of Bloud and insooth a certaine passion requireth a certaine matter as Anger Choller Joy pure Bloud Sadnesse Melancholly Astonishment Phlegme which humors conteyned in their Naturall Vessels and mixt together furnish the Affections with matter which while it remaineth about the Heart and the first sensitory from the image perceived and adjudged to have the cause or matter of molestation or placencie excited by Heat and Spirits it is drawn into Act and is made such in act from thence the altered Spirits or vapours with the Spirits are elevated which by the Arteries coming to the Braine the Principle of the Nerves which bring the Commands for motion to the Muscles into which they are inserted so making them the Instruments of Voluntary motion pluck and pull it after diverâ— manners according to their quality Affecting Contracting Dilating Heating Refrigerating more or lesse drying or moystening And any the least mutation made in a Principle there followes a change in those things that depend upon that Principle Wherefore the Arteries and Nerves that follow the Heart and Braine are changed and because the Face is nigher the Braine the chiefe organ of the Sense made remarkable by the Cognizanze of the greatest Arteries and endued with Nerves such varietie of proper and common Muscles which entertaine them Hence it comes to
â—epend the motion of the parts which is â—ot so much distinguished by the diffeâ—ence of place forward backward upâ—ard downeward to the right hand to â—he left or in orb but also in the figure of â—he part which is called Scheme For figureâ—s â—s the scituation of a part in motion Now â—ince every instrument should be so disâ—os'd that it may most aptly attaine the â—nd unto which it was appointed and that a Muscle is the instrument of so many voluntary expressions of the minde Let us see what neate elegant composure it hath to give an apt satisfaction to so noble important motions The similar parts which concurre to the construction of a Muscle are seven in number to wit a Veine Arterie Nerve Flesh Tendon Membran Fat among which there is a part without which the action cannot be done being that part from which action doth first arise the root or mansion of the facultie all the others subministring to this concurre and conspire to the end of that one action Therefore it is not sufficient to know that a Muscle is the Organ of voluntarie motion but there is need of the acutest edge of wit to finde out that part which exists as Prince and chiefe in it and which is upon commandment of the Soule effective of motion This prerogative of moving a Muscle is most justly given to the Nerve as having the greater aptness for motion for all men very well know that the part moves not but the soule for the instruments move because they are moved by it besides the instrumentâ— that serve any facultie must derive their orginall from that part from whence such a facultie proceeds Now the Nerves have their beginning from the Braine and are afterwards dispersed here and there and derived to other parts greater or lesser according to the diversitie of the Action But there ariseth no small doubt because Galen in many places calls the Nerves the way of the vertue that depends upon the Braine whereupon many assuredly take the Nerves to be onely the Posts Conveyors not Motors had rather call them Illatores thaâ— Motores which is farre from truth for although they do bring the intelligence from the Braine to the Muscles yet withal they do move and worke and they are the Intelligencers and way of conveyance untill they come unto the moveable parts but when they are once entred into the composition of the Muscle they become Agentâ— and Motors Which Marinelius by most cleare and pregnant instances out of Galen maintaines and manifestly demonstrates to be true Now the Braine is the Vniversall organ of voluntarie motion the great mysterie whereof is thus ordered The Braine commandeth as soone as it hath judged whether the thing is be to be avoided or prosecuted the Nerves commonly called Illatores or the Posts for the Intelligence they give bring the commandment and Facultie the Muscle illustrated with the Animall Spirits obeyes and moves the part according to the command of the â—ill and as a Rider by the moving of his Raines guides his Horse so the force of the Soule residing in the Braine moves the Muscles by the Nerves as with Raines for the will is like the Rider the Nerves to Raines and the Muscles to the Horse So it is no motion untill it come to the Muscle for that is truly motion which is done by the intension and remission of the Muscles Sect. IIII. That the Appetite or Will is the first efficient cause but not the chiefe cause of motion the Spirit and Faculty being the more propinque and conjunct cause and that besides the commandment of the Will the endeavor and intention of the mind is necessary thereunto SInce there are divers motions and Actions performed by the members through mediation of the Muscles who have their virtue from a faculty by which Physicians understand that which has a power of Doing or Working who sometimes call them Powers sometimes Virtues a Faculty by the definition of Galen being the cause of an Action for every effecting cause is a Faculty Now since every worke proceedes from some action and it is necessary some cause should also go before every action it followes with reason that as Action is the cause of every worke so some faculty should be the cause of that Action for nothing is done without a cause which is an Axiome in Physique therefore it is altogether necessary to consider the efficient Faculty of Action and the Cause of work for how can any thing be done without an Agent Cause and that which has the power of working Now this is the animall faculty which gives sense and motion which suggests cogitation intellection memory and which transmits sense and motion from the Braine by the conduct of the Nerves with the Greekes usually cal'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Rationatrix presiding over all the actions and motions that flow from our will that is from Election and Councell and that by the aide of the Nerves and operation of the Muscles of the Animall faculty the motive is a species Albertus where he speakes of the Exterâ—our motive virtue which followes upon the affective that is upon that which workes the inward motion of the mind very appositly to our purpose distinguisheth the motive faculty into the appetitive the affective and the motive the first commands the part to be moved the affective and motive perform the motion of the members but the affective makes the inward spirituall motion the motive makes the exteriour corporall motion of the members which represents the inward motion But the actions that are done by the most manifest tone of the Muscles are those which are produced by that species of motion which they call Pathetique for that causeth more violent extant and remarkable actions in all the parts of the body the internall motion of this Faculty or Perturbation Averrhoes calles motum electivum and there is no creature that at some time or other is not droven to some impetuous action by this inward agitation or perturbation of his mind which actions in respect of their effect are morall of their supposed Spring vitall yet the actions of these vitall Ethiques serve the Animall by divers motions of perturbations which spring from â—he Pathetique Energetique or Ethique faâ—ulty which although of it selfe it be â—oyde of reason yet being apt to obey â—ence there ariseth some conflicts beâ—weene the Rationall and Irrationall part â—s the Practique Intellect hath these afâ—ections in Subjection called patheâ—â—call when they are mov'd by the arbitriâ—ent of another which though they be â—eckon'd among passions yet in their â—ffects they are actions and appeare so â—o be in their types and externall repreâ—entations in the face and countenance â—nd other parts of the body The prinâ—iple of all motion is the Appeâ—ite whence the sense offering what is desiâ—ed the motions are done no otherwise then as you see in Machins the â—ullyes loos'd one thrusting foreward
â—he other but in Machins without the mutation of qualityes but in us the formall cause of motive heate and spirits is transmitted withall to the parts hence in anger we wax hot in feare and sadnesse cold for all these perturbations are done with heate and cold to wit the â—hing seen excites the Appetite and this the Affection which prepare the instrument of the Action So thaâ— the Appetive power or will commandeth but moveth not but after his nod thâ— Motive faculty ariseth which flowing bâ— the Nerves produceth Motion Yet Fâ—râ—nelius his distinction is to be considereâ— in this businesse who will have the Appetite or will to be the first Efficient cauâ—â— of motion but not the Chiefe causâ— which belongs rather to the Spirit anâ— Faculty than to the Appetite and must bâ— returned thither besides the Appetiâ—â— or will we must find out some more propinque and conjuct cause of motion aâ—mong others the chiefe reason is thaâ— when the Palsie hath seased on any parâ— because then the Nerves are destitute 〈◊〉 the Spirits and Faculty the most efficaâ—cious or strongest Appetite or Will canâ—not procure a motion and if you binâ— Nerve hard with a cord you may â—ommand what you will but there folâ—owes no obedience of the Muscle whose Nerve is so stopt since all notice or inâ—elligence of our will is thereby intercepted from arriveing at the Muscle Besides this commandment of the Will seemes of little efficacy at all unlesse a â—ertaine endeavour and intention of the â—ind be added unto it as a Coadjutor or â—ompanion for if a man would either wrest his eyes divers wayes or set all 〈◊〉 parts together into speaking motiâ—ns shal he forthwith effect it although â—he instruments be sound and fit for actâ—on of which this in sooth is the only â—ause that the mind must hoc agere and â—annot take notice of all things at one â—nstant nor be intent to every single motion Therefore the Will is not only sufficient but a certaine intention also of the Mind is necessary to rowze up â—he Motive faculty otherwise a sleepe â—nd languishing in particulars Wherefore this Animall Faculty which by the â—ectorship of the spirit flowes from the Braines into every particle while it is driven foreward by the command of the will and the endeavour and intention of the mind effects the actions whicâ— so significantly appeare in the Head anâ— other parts of the Body Sect. V. That it is strange but not so wonderfulâ— that Animall motion should be performed on such a sudden DIverse things are required that thâ— parts should be moved by an Aniâ—mall or voluntary motion For wee muâ—â— know how all that is moved is compaâ—â— of a Mover and a Moveable Since what soever is moved is moved of some thing when therefore we are moved it is necesâ—sary there should be a compound of â— moving and a moveable the Soule is thâ— Movens metaphoricum the moved oâ— moveable the Body or some part of it foâ— it is the Soule whereby we live and havâ— motion And because the Soule moves noâ— by a naturall propension but by knowâ—ledge and for an end it would be conâ—sidered with the sharpenesse of wit oâ— whom it is moved and with what instruâ—ments and medium's it moves the Heaâ— â—nd parts of it and which are the inâ—â—ruments moved and the Mediumsâ—etween â—etween the Soule and the last thing moâ—ed The Principall of locall motion espeâ—ially which must be immoveable is the â—oule Appetition is the Medium that movesâ—he â—he Moveable the Instrument is the Spirit â—o that there are sixe things concurring â—o these Actions Immoveable as the Soule â—â—moveable partly and partly moveable as â—he Braine quatenus a Principle which â—ove and are moved as the Head which 〈◊〉 moved by the Braine and moves the â—arts of the Face with it which are moâ—ed alone as the parts of the Face the â—edium of the motion as the Appetition â—nd Affection and the Instrument which 〈◊〉 the Spirit To this effect Cardan or 〈◊〉 you will have it as Fabricius ab Aqua â—end has dâ—awn it out of Galen and Ariâ—â—â—tle All that appertains and concurs 〈◊〉 locall motion is thus universally orâ—ered As soon as the imagination is forâ—ed of the object known by the intellectâ—r â—r sense whether it be to be prosecuted â—r avoided straightwaies the Appetite is â—oved which forthwith excites and moves withall the passions of the Body either by heating or refrigerating eithâ—â— to attain or avoid The passions that iâ— heat cold do aptly prepare the motorâ— Instruments as Aristotle speakes ingeniâ—ously Which are according to Galen thâ— Braine the Nerves the Muscles anâ— Joints The Braine besides its proposeâ— worke done by it self and as it were â—â—â—red up by ploughing and brought fortâ— out of its proper substance as the Imaâ—gination Appetite and Passions 〈◊〉 moreover transmit the Animal Spiriâ— begotten in and of it self by the nerveâ— his branches as it were by channels 〈◊〉 the muscles the peculiar allyed and proâ—per organ of motion with which forâ— the Muscles wholly affected and illustraâ—ted attempt the performance of appareâ—â— motion Now although the Muscles 〈◊〉 the instruments of voluntary motion 〈◊〉 many other things being required to thâ— act of their motion whence that by 〈◊〉 mediation so many causes interceding so suddenly a commotion should 〈◊〉 wrought and introduced into the Meâ—â—bers is a thing full of miracle 〈◊〉 hath a pretty Simile to illustrate this bâ—â—siness As saith he in the striking of â—â—ring of an Instrument an eight anâ—wers unto an eight So the Motive Faâ—ulty by a wonderfull providence of Nature moves the mobile Spirits and â—hese moved flie forth with a stupendiâ—us obedience to their destinated Organs As in a Monochord a Diapason a Diapente and a Diatesseron sound only â—t certaine intervals and in the other â—tops sound not So certaine parts as soone as may be obey the soule sending particular Mandates unto them for all â—he parts wait upon the soule and were framed by Nature to such an aptitude that being commanded they presently obey and are moved as long as the moving faculty flowing from a principle is not by some impediment debarred from them But without doubt saith Marinellus this is not very perspicuous to reason how we do move at the Nod of the Will what part soever we desire although the most remotest from the head the foundation of the moving faculty and that without any interposition of time But all admiration and astonishment will vanish away if we suppose that which is most certaine to wit that the motive faculty while man is awake or noâ— oppressed with heavy sleep doth perpetually flow and travell to the Nerveâ— which are derived from the Braine and dispersed through the Laberinth of thâ— Body which virtue since it is as wâ— may so say in the first act in the Toe oâ— the Foot the Appetite commanding iâ— breaks out into the last act which is motion Caâ—en gives us an example no time
our will and that in the opinion of the Ancients from a Musculous and thin substance united to the skin of the Forehead for because it could not be that any part should be moved voluntarily in any important motion with out a muscle our wise Creator foreseeing that he spread under it a certaine thin Musculous substance for the Bulke â—nd proportion of Muscles is ordered â—ccording as the greatnesse of the part 〈◊〉 be moved did require And in this â—lace the skin onely is united to a Musâ—ulous substance which although so â—â—ited yet it is so free from the subâ—â—cted bones that it may be moved the 〈◊〉 being the superficiall part of the â—â—bject substance which is Musculous 〈◊〉 adhering together and growne to â—â—at their motion is both one This â—â—in of the Forehead which moved by â—â—e Musculous flesh that covers the bone â—hereof and by its tension and corruâ—tion demonstrates divers affections â—f the mind is not onely moved by the â—enefit of a fleshy membrane which â—â—ing under the connate flesh goes into Musculous substance endowed with â—â—raight fibres But with two Muscles â—hich the course of the fibres and movâ—â—g which appeares in this as in other â—uscles which are not found in a â—â—eshy membrane doe make manifest â—â—â—rentius sayes they meete in the 〈◊〉 Columbus sayes there is no Muscle in 〈◊〉 middest of the Forhead yet he will â—â—ve them two one on each side and their motions different and proves it by the example of a Cardinall who having the left Muscle cramped with a wound could not move the one halfe of hiâ— Forehead and indeed at the Top of the Nose where they are also more fleshy they are so joyned that they may seeme one But that they are two Anatomy doth not onely teach but reason and experience for all the members are double that the Body might by kepâ— in aequilibrio and experience sheweâ— that if one of them be struck with thâ— Palsie or cut acrosse the motion oâ— that part is lost but not of the other whose motion could not remaine entire if it were one Muscle Spigeliâ—â— calls them to note their use the Muscles of the skin of the Forehead Buâ— Platerus elegantly anâ— the first I think that ever let fall a word to this purpose Musculos affectuum animi significativos thâ— significant Muscles of the affections 〈◊〉 besides these Frontall Muscules therâ— are sometimes two ocâ—ipitiall which receive into them the Muscles of the forehead and are reckon'd to have an influence upon the skin and Muscles oâ— the Forehead and Eye-browes So that such men who have these additionall Muscles have larger expressions of their minds and affections appearing in their moved Foreheards Baubinus sayes these Muscles of the hinder part of the Head are not found But Gabriel Fallopius and Platerus shew by the example of Antonius Platus who could move the whole skin of his Head that there is such a speaking motion in the Coape or outer Cover of the Head Rhealdus Columbus saith he had a thousand times contemplated this motion not without pleasure in the Head of that excellent man Antonius Platus whom they now call Lonigum for he moveth the whole skin of his Head strongly Hieronymus Mercurialis hath observed as much in many Nay Columbus proves this motion by his owne example the skin of whose whole Head was qualified with such a motion â—y virtue of those Muscles He therefore â—ecalls these Muscles into play which were passed over by the negligence of â—thers the utility of this motion being â—ot to be despised St. Augustine affirmes that he saw a man in his time who could without stirring his Head or touching it with his Hands raise or lift up all the haires of his Head and make them fall flat upon his face afterward he could raise them againe and returne them orderly to their due places Which could not be done without the advantage of such extraordinary implements of voluntary motion Whatsoever inward Cogitation or affection of the mind is attributed by Plinie or observed by Metoposcopers and others to appeare in the Forehead they are all exhibited by the operation and instrumentall assistance of these Muscles and since the Muscles the instrumenâ— of voluntary motion are found 〈◊〉 the Head and so neere to receive 〈◊〉 the races and convoy of the Nerves â—â—bility of motion from the Braine 〈◊〉 stands to Reason that the Forehead dâ—â—clare the wil and the disposition and aâ—â—fections of the mind Yet to speake 〈◊〉 truth these Muscles are rather to 〈◊〉 ascribed unto the Browes and Spigelâ— shewing his warrant from Galen attâ—â—â—butes them to the Eye-browes for 〈◊〉 Eye-brows have such a command over the Front which appeares so obsequious unto the acts of their authority that the actions may justly be counted theirs Columbus indeed adds two more proper which the Eye-brows do use which he affirmes that neither Galen nor Vesalius nor any other before him did know And Aquapendens attributes an orbicular Muscle to the Eyebrows Dissect XI IN Sadnesse Griefe and Severity Dislike Anger Threatning Revenge and Earnest study we use to wrinkle or to bend the Brows from the Sinciput to the Eye-brows which are then knit about the Nose the reason is for that Sadnesse is a certaine Contraction of the heat and Spirits towards their Principle in regard of the apprehension of some ingratefull object and this effect follows although there be no reall cause the Forehead being deprived of the Heat and Spirits is wrinkled The materiall causâ— being a melancholly humour affected and kindled with much heat which sends up a salt vapour to the Face which pluckes the Muscles of the Forehead This motion is performed not only by assistance of the fleshie Membrane which under the Connative flesh endued with many straight fibres goes into a musculous substance but by the two Muscles on each side of the Forehead which motion Laurentius from Columbus brings to prove that the Muscles of the Forehead are two and not one as some will have it for if the Forehead had but one Muscle this expression of the Mind exhibited by the touching Brows could not be done of which opinion also Riolanus is These Pyramidall Muscles united together by oblique fibres from this employment of the Will might be called Musculi severi minaces The Severe and Threatning Muscles Dissect XII PRide Arrogance Contempt and Wonâ—derment advance and lift up thâ— eye-brows so doth affected gravity when 〈◊〉 is full of disdaine the like action of thâ— Eye-brows arch-like bent they use whâ—â— are angry and proudly threaten Revenge Griefe and Sorrow also cause a man to use the same action of his Brows This motion that exhibits so many significations of the Mind is performed by the benefit of those Muscles which arising from the upper parts where the haire ends descend into the Inferior parts lifting up the Eye-brows for those Muscles of the Forehead are rather to be called as Spigelius notes the Muscles of the
Thy skill as Aurist to restore their sense Wert thou once known Surdasters would come on To court Thee for Thy Autocousticon Next as a Linguist teach the Dumb to breake Or pick the Padlock lets his Lips to speake Ransom each captivd tongue weak speech improve And the impediments thereof remove Then as a Motist by this healing light Set all our Heads depraved motions right And may successe attend while swelling Fame Fills up thy Sailes with an All-heaâ—ing name Tho Diconson Med. Templ Judicium 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cujusdam de hoc opusculo in quo Sanctioris Anatomiae planènovae Specimen Lectoribus exhibetur QUI Manuum Loquelam reconditioris Philosophiae Mystes oculis suis primus hausit quiâ— Chirologiam spissum operosum opus primus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quatuor abhinc annis publici â—uris fecit is ipsus Autor ultra cutem corticem oculoâ—um scalpellum usque adeo Latenti Capitalium Musculorum Texturae pariter Indoli demersit ut hodie pererudiâ—um aliud cogitationum suarum audacis juxtà felicis industriae porâ—entum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 proditurae rudimentum prodiâ—erit Vulgaribus Anaâ—micis nostris Sciolorum Vappae â—ec visum usquam nec auditum Ac proinde nullius hic noster Manuductionem secutus nullius exempli premens vestigia motuum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dilucidè nobis expedivit Quin ipsis Musculis Affectuum organis eorundem Pantomimis nomina concinnè aptavit indigitavit insuper Mentem quasi Corporis Navarcham ad clavum sedentem moderari Artuum funes eosdem huc illuc pro arbitrio remittere contrahere Qui ijdem Musculi dum Animi pathematis sese attemperant inserviunt ejusdem lineamenta depingunt quasi aspectui obvertunt exteriore modificatione suâ palam illa faciunt quae interiore impulsu machinamur Ut hic libellus omnibus reconditioris Anatomiae studiosis usui futurus sit voluptati Scripsit I. H. C. W. M. A Table shewing the chiefe Heads of the Sections of the Introduction to this Anatomicall Administration of the significative Muscles of the Affections of the Mind Sect. I. OF the Honour and Dignity of Animall Motion Sect. II. That a Muscle is the proper and adequate Agent of the voluntary and patheticall motions of the Mind outwardly expressed in the Body Sect. III. Of the Nature and Constitution of a Muscle Sect. IV. That the Appetite or will is the first Efficient cause but not the Chiefe cause of moâ—ion the Spirit and Faculty being the more propinque and conjunct cause and that besides the Commandement of the will the endeavour and intention of the mind is necessary thereunto Sect. V. That it is â—strange but not so wonderfull that Animall motion should be performed on such a sudden Sect. VI. That in all outward Actions the Soule commandeth either manifestly or obscurely and that wee are not stirred up to any such motion by nature or custome A Table shewing the Heads of the Dissections of the Anatomicall Essay describing the Muscles of those Affections which are more conspicuously emphaticall in the â—emonstrative Actions of the Head and Face The Proem The Prerogative of the Head in point of Arbitrary and Significant Motion Membr I. OF the Muscles the instruments of voluntary motion whereby the general significations of the Head are performed Dissect I. II.III.IV.V.VI.VII.VIII.IX The Anatomicall Administration of the Muscles of the Affections whose operations conduce to the generall actions of the Head Membr II. Of the Muscles serving to the generall expressions and most important motions of the Face or Countenance Dissect X. The Anatomicall Administration of those Muscles Membr III. Of the Muscles appertaining to the Forehead and the Browes or Eye-browes and employed by the Mind in the significant motions thereof Dissect XI and XII The Anatomicall Administration of those muscles Membr IV. Of the Muscles appointed to the Eyelids 〈◊〉 the expediting certain significant motiâ—â— of the Mind Dissect XIII XIIII The Anatomicall Administration of those â—â—scles Membr V. Of the Muscles which serve to expresse the significations of the Mind exhibited by the motions of the Eye Dissect XV. XVI.XVII.XVIII.XIX.XX The Anatomicall Administration of those Muscles Membr VI. Of the Muscles assigned the Eares as iâ— is likely for certaine significations of thâ— Mind Dissect XXI The Anatomicall Administration of thosâ— Muscles Membr VII Of the Muscles that serve to the signifiâ—cations of the Mind exhibited by the motion of the Nose Dissect XXII XXIII The Anatomicall Administration of the Muscles Membr VIII Of the Muscles active in the significaâ—â—â—ons of the Mind exhibited by the Cheekes Dissect XXIV XXV.XXVI.XXVII The Anatomicall Administration of thâ— Muscles Membr IX Of the Muscles that serve the Mind in the motions of the Lips and Mouth Dissect XXVIII XXIX.XXX.XXXI.XXXII.XXXIII.XXXIIII.XXXV.XXXVI.XXXVII.XXXVIII.XXXIX The Anatomicall Administration of those Muscles Membr X. Dissect XL. Of the Muscles serving the Tongue for some silent expressions of the Mind with the Anatomical administration of those Muscles Dissect XLI Of the Muscles serving to expresse all the vocall intentions and affections of the Mind exhibited by the motion of the Tongue and Lips and that for those purposes the Lips and Tongue were made Muscles Errata FOl. 47. line 9. read motions fol 107. l. 16· Larynx fol. 120. l. 26. They. fol. 119. l. 18. 〈◊〉 That fol. 204. l. 14. read revell An Introduction to the Dissection of the Muscles of the Affections of the Mind in apparent significations exhibited by the Head In six Sections comprizing the Philosophie and generall notions of voluntary motion
of every particle in our head or face yet all the gestures of the parts which we exercise even when wee know not whether we use them or not are motions of the soule since performed by the worke of the Muscles And I thinke saith Marinellus there is no man when he moves after any manner his whole head distorts his Face Eye-brow lip or nose or winkes with one eye which somtimes we do not being aware of them and so against our knowledge and will yet none are so simple to thinke they are not the actions of the soule and done by voluntary motion and that they proceed not from the soule because knowledge and command doe not so formally precede as in other actions it is wont before appetite for the Phansie may doe its worke and move when we perceive it not and it appeares by Aristotle that motion may be commanded the members although the outward Senses are notably hindred and whatsoever motion is done by the commandement of a Faculty is voluntary it being without all controversy that all motions the soule exerciseth by the Muscles are arbitrary and so to bee called they being voluntary which Reason and the Will command called Animall because common to us with Beasts For all motion that the Rationall or Irrationall Faculty commands the Muscles is animall or arbitrary for since all motion is either naturall or voluntary and that which is done by the Muscles is not naturall it followes then it must be accounted for animal arbitrary or voluntary names which imply all one thing But all motion which is done by the contraction of the Muscles to their heads is commanded the Muscles by the Soul or Appetite al such motion therfore is and ought to be called voluntary or animall for that contraction of the Muscles which without the helpe of any extraneous thing are driven to their Heads move the members into which they are inserted is the operation of an animated body quatenus animated wherefore such motions of the Muscles cannot bee done by any other thing the Soul not cooperating with it For al actions equally proceed from the Soul but receive their Specifique difference from the instruments Wherefore these are both animall and voluntary motions if the name be put for them both but if you would call that onely voluntary which is done with our will and assent and not against our wills you will be compelled to exclude many other motions performed by the Muscles from the number of voluntary motions Galen endeavours to salve this doubt why wee doe these voluntary actions as 't were not wittingly or willingly or as being aware of them not presuming to have found the cause but to speake a little more probably Because saith he wee are not intent with our whole mind upon them as many have done actions which they forget to have done in fits of anger and passion having made but a slight and superficiall impression in their mindes as madmen performe many voluntary actions which yet they remember not when they come to themselves whereas to some actions we adhibit a more indulgent heed when no way disturbed nor distracted with cares we are not drawn away to desist from the motion begun for Care the Contemplation of some thing Custome or some affection of the mind may prove impediments to the knowledge of the Command of the will for if our Cogitation be very intent upon a thing so that it slights other things which had intended it it errs from its proper end which often happens to men when they intend a journey to a certaine place and many times being engaged in other thoughts doe passe it Notwithstanding it is a thing hard enough to believe that any one should command and not know that he doth command and therfore some have dared to affirme that the beginning of a motion depends upon the command of the will but the progresse of a journey to bee done by Custome and Aptitude of parts since many at that time are turmoyl'd with divers cares but it is better to affirme the Cause of such errour to be by reason of the mind detained by some cogitation And with Marinellus wee may wonder as much how such motions are many times done in our sleep which we forget to have done in our sleep the soule then working obscurely for when we awake wee cannot tell whether wee had moved any part of our face or no and so by oblivion are soone induced to say they were done without our will or privity which is the case of your Noctambuli or as Sennerâ—us had rather call them Somnambuli who in their sleepes rise out of their Beds walke and performe many actions and gestures whereof there is mention every where among Physicians which gestures and actions are done unwittingly and when they awake in the morning they remember no such matter animall motion being stirred up in them by force of a stronger imagination which are performed by the benefit of the motions of the Hand feete and the other organs serving to animall motion commanded by the Locomotive prickt forward by the Appetite stirred up by the Phansie which taking notice of some object offered unto it in sleepe tenders it to the Appetite either to bee avoyed or embraced To which the command of Reason and the will doe concurre with the locomotive power although more obscurely and darkely the action of imagination being stronger in sleepe but that of rationation which should direct and moderate the â—hansie is more obtenebrated the actions of those who sleepe and those who dreame seeming not to differ but that these rise the others lying in their beds doing the same things Another obâ—ection may bee that many of these speaking motions of our Head Face other parts of our body are many times done by custome a habit rather than by a voluntary motion Indeede Zinguer reckons custome among the accidents of the Instrumentall cause of the motive faculty and that it is as 't were the Vicar of the will and sometimes the Arbiter But the Master of the subtilties laughs at Cardan for his definition of the double Cause of motion one the Soule the Muscles the other custome You in vaine saith he multiply things you in vaine bring a name for a thing For what is custome if I should aske you would spend above two dayes in deliberation what you were to say it would fall out well if you could then come off with credit Custome is nothing else but a habit but a habit is not the cause of motion but a quality added to the motion because it so adheres to the members that as Aquilio without C. oâ— his owne accord doth presently answer brings forth its actions as they are to be done without any inquisition Custome indeed and the aptitude of parts doe advance helpe forward the doing or perfecting of some motions and it is wortâ— our admiration to see in a Chironomer who has his soule in his
face of those that laugh because in some perchance the parts of their Face by reason of their unequall contexture or constitution are not equally contracted nor swell for in laughter the Face swells for the whole Countenance is powred out and spread with the Spirits that then swell the Muscles there being a great concourse of Spirits and bloud unto the Face which bear a reatâ—gstroke in the Action So that the Muscles of the Face are filled with Spirits after the same manner as a certaine member directy opposite unto it which importunately sometimes lookes us in the Face which being filled with Spirits growes stiff and is extended yet although the analogy be very faire there is no contraction in that part but onely a great extension and that according to all its Dimensions which happens by reason of the Spungy and very loose flesh which is not so much in the Face and withall that Part is very free and at liberty whereas the Muscles of the Face on both sides and every where adhere most firmely to the bone and skin that when they cannot be extended every way according to all their Dimensions there are contracted Now this figure that compriseth the alterations of every part in the face follows as an effect and consequence of the movings of the Muscles that are proper to the parts or which being Common have by their conformation a Sympatheticall dependency one upon another But this is not all for that which is most remarkable and worthy observation is that this moving of the parts of the Face although very great is done undone on a sudden and almost in a moment that is a mans Face forthwith falls into the posture of laughing and while in that posture he laughes he incontinently leaves off the motion which as it suddenly comes so it goes when a man ceaseth from laughter although it be at the highest pitch and scrued up to the very Eela of mirth it vanisheth away and needes no time of interposition to abate by degrees to take out the tracts of the operations of so many and divers engaged Muscles which incontinently cease from their labour for as soone as the Conceite and jest is at an end the laughter being naturall the mouth and parts of the face returne to their former situation the motion being now over of which sudden begining and ending of so many concurring motions the Cause may be supposed the subtiltie of the Spirits in their motion when they ascend to the face But what kind of moving of the Muscles this should be is somewhat difficult to conjecture although it is so manifest and evident in appearance 'T is true we can conjecture a Muscle to move or to be moved for we know a Muscle hath moved its appointed moveable when contracted it appeares shorter and harder especially if it have a bonâ— under it as all the Muscles of the Face have But here all the parts of the Face except that perchance of the Forehead seeme to be contracted together and the whole face according to the constitution of its substance to grow stiff and hard wherefore it seemes most probable that all the Muscles of the face are moved together at once yet the controversie is somewhat intricate they that are for the Negative allege that the same thing cannot be moved by contrary motions at the same time as for example Some Muscles move the Lower-Iaw downwards and so open the mouth others by moving the Iaw upwards close it others move it outwards others inward others draw it to one side and drive it round wherefore all of them seeme not to Move at once To which is answer'd that things moving in Contraria in the same moveable if they be of equall virtue they either doe nothing or if they doe the moveable is distracted but if they be of unequall power and strength the weaker gives way to the motion of the stronger yet the prevailing Mover in the conflict or contention obtaines not the same vigour or as much as if it had not contended at all and had moved without opposition for if all Materiall Agents as the learned know in Doing Suffer also and after some manner abate of the Degree of their virtue â—ow much more will it happen when one hath an adversary although weaker yet openly endeavouring against him Wherfore it may be suppos'd it doth not move so perfectly as it would â—f it were not hinder'd by its Adversary The way to discover the manner of moving in this Conglobation of Muscles in laughter is to consider what Muscles of parts of the Face are effectivè more or fewer thicker or smaller for many moving together are not stronger than fewer if they be all equally qualified and the great and thick are stronger than the small and slender as may be made manifest by speciall example As first the Muscles that move the lower-Jaw drawing it upwards to close the Mouth are more and thick and therefore stronger than those that lead it downwards to open the Mouth as is well known out of the Anatomy of those Muscles Now because in Laughter the Mouth is neither too much closed nor yet gapes the Muscles that serve to shut and open the Mouth are moved together the Mouth not being exactly shut although the Muscles are more intense which are appointed to shut it but withall is somewhat opened by reason of the repugnancy of the opening Muscles Hence it is that in over Laughter our Iawes ake so that they seeme to suffer a luxation by reason of the contrariety of moving and violent Conflict for the Ligaments Nerves and Fibres are after a manner distracted and drawn into factions And we may observe that the Masticatory Muscles which are better called Laterall from their use whose fibres by reason of their Divers Heads which respecting one another after a divers manner are inserted acrosse in manner of the Letter X do manifest their operation in this motion for by reason of their Fibres although they move to the Right hand and to the Left notwithstanding they can withall not a little move the lower-Iaw either outward and inward The Muscle called Adducens Pâ—erigoideum which puts the Chin out forward with the other Mansorie also which leads the Chin inwards and when it is produced recalls it back these by reason of the contrarietie of their movings which are done at the same time in Laughter are very remarkable Of whose Contraction we may make an experiment because the Mansorie Muscles being chiefly seated about the Cheekes do then appeare Contracted and somewhat hard the Chin being perchance somewhat drawn in because the Muscles are more valid which move the Iawes inward which perchance may not so exactly appeare alike in all men but may differ according to the divers Condition Composition or Commension of their parts The Contraction of the Temporall Muscle which is but small in Men is little observed nor that of the double-bellied Depriment which works contrary to the
its end But â—his Reason is false as Bartholinus proves â—or the Principle or Beginning of the Tongue is neare the Larynx and as â—t were arising out of the Bone Hyodeâ— Againe the Bâ—gining of a Muscle is â—mmoveable but they have a moveable â—nd but it is contrary in the Tongue whose end is rather immoveable than â—s beginning Therefore it is manifest â—hat the Tongue cannot be numbred â—mong Muscles But this Reason as the â—ther is rejected as contrary to the â—cular faith of Anatomie grounded upâ—â— sight of the thing done Therefore â—â—ere is either somewhat that is moved â—â—luntarily besides a Muscle or all the â—otions of the Tongue are to be attriâ—uted to its Muscles Casserius freely deâ—â—vers his opinion in this matter It cannot be but the Tongue should bâ— endued with a proper motion and thaâ— likewise voluntary for it is moved after so many manner of waies and agitated unto so many parts that iâ— were ridiculous to affirme all its motions to be performed by Muscles yet notwithstanding he will not therefore call the Tongue a Muscle but Musculous as partaking somewhat of thâ— Nature of a Muscle existing as a mean between a Glandulous and Musculous Flesh. But Fabricius ab Aquapendente a most industrious and acurate Anatomist and the Corypheus of all the Tribes of Dissectors who hath subtlely Anatomized all the Organs of Speech seemes to me to shew very good Reasons why the Tongue and Lips both should be Muscles that is for the Dexterity oâ— Speech and the more ready expressing the Affections of the Mind for 〈◊〉 Speech be made by motion and signifie the Affections of the Mind which are motions without all question thâ— moving of the Instruments must be answerable to the movings of the Mind but since nothing is swifter than thâ— Mind deservedly therefore the movings of the Tongue and Lips are very swift 〈◊〉 those which are to follow the motiâ—ns of the Mind It is fit therefore as â—ature would have it that such moâ—ions should not be performed by the Muscles of the Tongue and Lip but onâ—â— from their Body as they are Muscles â—f themselves The Tongue and Lips â—â—ve Muscles as they have Muscles thâ—y â—re moved of another and therefore â—ower but as they are Muscles they â—ove of themselves and that most â—wiftly roled and driven and for this â—ause the Lips and Tongue were made Muscles the Tongue and the Lips iâ—â—locution are moved of themselves in â—ther Actions not only of themselves â—ut by another that is by the Muscles â—nd that for celerity and expedition 〈◊〉 since Nature with that which in â—oving requires no great strength reâ—â—ires also the quicknesse of motion 〈◊〉 makes the parts to be moved of â—â—emselves by mingling the Motory â—ower with the Part to be moved as in â—e Tongue and Lips which since â—â—ey were not to agitate a Bone but most light Aire and to performe 〈◊〉 quick motions in speaking for 〈◊〉 cause we judge Speech to be done withâ—out the Ministry of the Muscles only 〈◊〉 the Body of the Lips and Tonguâ— which if it should not be so done thâ— Affections of the Mind would be 〈◊〉 slower in their Delivery So that thâ— Tongue is not the chiefe Instrument 〈◊〉 Speech in regard of its Similar subâ—stance such as is not in the Body 〈◊〉 in motive Actions we must not looâ— for a similar part to be the next 〈◊〉 of motion because in that it is a coâ—â—pounded Action it requires a compouâ—â—ded part which is the cause of an Actioâ— But only as it is movable it is 〈◊〉 in as much as it hath received the Facuâ—â—ty of moving is a Muscle Deserved therefore according to our Modell 〈◊〉 Denomination may the Tongue anâ— Lips be called Musculi Rationationis 〈◊〉 orationis the Muscles of Discourse 〈◊〉 Orall Reason Creatori Capiti nostro in Quo movemuâ— Cephaledoulia in Excelsis FINIS Ad eminentissimi acuminis scientificum utriusque Physiognomiae Protomysten GRata Manus Facies nunc est gratissima nobis Quae doctâ vultus mobilitate placet â—ondita Myotomus nobis mysteria pandis Organa aspectus mira patere facis â—elineas Mures talparum more moventes Musculus oâ— tenerum flectit ad omne Pathos 〈◊〉 vultus Rector moderaris habenas Affectus Fons est Frons Origo Caput Oculâ—s sic ipse Manus sic Ora movebas At nunc in Causâ—s ingeniosus eris â—cta vides Pulcra est Concordia cordis Oris Dextram Myologi Pathologia petit â—iqua temnas quasi sesquipedalia verba Nomina quae signant dum propiorâ— dabis â—tomia nova haec veterum quam nemo priori Tentare ausus hoc tempore nemo Novus Admirari prope â—es fuit una at Amice â—e non mirari est res odiosa nimis To the daring Advancer of all Somaticall Science his Selected Friend on his PATHOMYOTOMIA THou Grand Adventurer wits Magellan To whom our Microsme or Isle of man By thy all searching Pen's so throughly 〈◊〉 There 's now no part in us an unknown land How thriving is thy Fleet in new Designes To bring home not the Minerall but the Mines This Pathologicall Anatomy Deare Friend hath wound our admiration higâ— A strange Essay indeed that dares to trace All the rare Springs and Wards that move a 〈◊〉 To make Anatomy by Muscles wind The swiftest motions of the minged Mind Natures high piece of Clockworke this You 〈◊〉 Reason the Spring winds up the Muscâ—es all Like wheels move this or that way swift or sloe As the Affections Weight doth make them go All the Soules motion 's seen the Head and Face Discovering all as through a Cristall Case Here the Affections keep an open Marte By Patent seal'd by thy Cephalick Art This Itchnographie of thy Art do's smile A promise on us of some stately pile And puts us in good hope abroad to see That Masterpiece of Physiognomie Thy Magisteriall Quintessence of Bookes Or extract Scientificall of lookes Then that whereby as a Face-Prophet shewn Thou know'st the Affections ' are the Bodyes own Whence subtilely thou 'rt wont to ken trace The Critciall Disease-discovering Face That though the humors bedded are within Yet thou canst track their footsteps in the skin Strange secrecy of Art and mysticall To cast our Faces as an Vrinall Nay by a strangers Face well copyed out For to pronounce by Art He hath the Goute Such are thy common Aguries we may Sure trust thy skil that doth such beames display The last Yeare stil'd you Deafe Dumbe mans friend Now Thy Design more deeper doth descend I see Thy knowledge and invention flowes As far in man as Sense and Motion goes Then take the Chair where maist Thou Doctorall sit Command our health's as Thou hast done our wits Lure down thy soaring Truths salve every doubt And by convincing practice make them out To Faith-bound Sceptiques who count nothing good Till flat experience make it understood Now to the Art-forsaken Deafe dispence