it were the dregs and sediment of the bloud All these foure humours as I haue said being made vnnaturall they turne to the hurt of the body as when melancholy is burned it becōmeth vitious and causeth madnes when it is mingled with too much flegme it causeth a doltish disposition and worketh cold diseases When blood becommeth vnnaturall it is made wheyish and watrish and is very hurtfull as in the hydropsic when red choler is burned it becommeth vitious and biting when flegme is made vnnaturall through a weake digesture it is made a watrish humor and so hurtfull to the body There is also another natural humor and is Primogenius the first and chiefe humor called Humidum radicale which is Humidum radicale ingendred in the similer parts or insited in nature for from the first beginning the members of the whole body are filled with a certaine dewie humor or only moistnesse truely the first thing that is ingendred hauing its beginning from the blood monstruall This humor yeeldeth nourishment to the naturall heate and therfore by the same it is consumed and needeth restauration which is performed by the accession of nourishment Galen termeth this humor the solid substance of the similer parts Doct. Now it resteth that you shew me the seat or place of euery one of these humours Stud. These 4. humors which are ingēdred in our bodies being mixed they are contained in unamassa sanguinis that is in the fountaine of blood which is said to be the better part of it selfe and being exactly confused they rest in the veines which the Physitions doe consider as it were the chiefe Elements of the bodie but those humors which are by nature deriued without the veines whether it be yellow choler in the gaule or melancholy which the splene draweth or flegme which is ingendred in the stomacke through crudities or the matter which distilleth from the braine to the nostrils and such like they are in no wise to be accoūted elements of our body and therfore they be not humors but excrements and so they are called which nature whiles it is in strength doth expell as vnprofitable vnto places conuenient and the excramentall seat of yellow choler is the gaule from whence it is purged by vrine and the stoole the receptacle of the melancholick humor is the splene by which being drawne it is spartly cōncertd into the nature therof partly it is deiected to the stomacke Doct. Proceed now to spirits and let me know what a spirit is Despiritibus Spiritus definitio Stud. A spirit is a subtile flame or rather an airy substance giuing strength and power to exercise proper actions in euery member Spirits be two fold the one vitall the other animall the vitall spirit is a subtill flame engendred from the blood and is dispersed by vertue of the heart into all the body to giue vnto the same liuely heat and a power of motion and action The efficient cause is a naturall power in the heart the matter from whence it proceedeth is blood for it is ingendred of the blood which is in the left ventricle of the heart the forme is the flame it selfe flying through all the Artiers The finall causes are two the first is that it might giue liuely heate vnto the body the second is that it may be the instrument of action and motion in the whole body The animal spirit is as it were a starrebeame which is sent from the braine by the Nerues into all the body to giue motion and sense and all other animal actions vnto the same Doct. From whence is the Animall spirit ingendred Stud. It is ingendred of the vitall spirits by the vertue of the braine elaborating and concocting the same There are some that adioyne a third kind of spirit that is Spiritus naturalis in gendred in the liuer which is the thin substance of the blood and is like vnto a vapour this spirit is carried by the hollow veine together with the blood into the heart where it is wrought by the naturall strength of the heart and so is made a vitall spirit and so the naturall spirit is as it were the matter of the vitall spirit and the vitall spirit is the matter of the animall spirit De partibus Doct. Goe forward vnto the parts of mans body and tell me first what a part De partibus is Stud. Euery member of the bodie is accounted for a part of the body and Membra principalia they are of two sorts some principall and some officiall the braine the heart and the liuer are accounted principall members some also account the testicles amongst the principall members The officiall members are the sinews and they doe serue to the braine the arteries Membra officialia which doe serue to the heart the veines which doe serue to the liuer the spermaticke vessels which be inseruient to the stones There bee also some parts that be called partes similares or Homogenae and some Dissimilares or Heterogenae The Similar parts are so called for being diuided they remaine in themselues such as they were before and those are the bones cartilagies ligaments tendons fibres membrans the skinne and the flesh with the fatte and such like The members or parts Dissimilar are the contrary Some members are called instrumentall as the stomacke the reines the bowels with all the great sinews Doct. It followeth that we speake of De faculta tibus potentijs faculties or powers Tell me therefore how many sorts of faculties or powers are there Stud. There are three sorts of powers that is to say Animal Spiritual and Naturall the Animall facultie according to Plato whom the Physitions do follow is placed in the braine the vitall or spirituall is placed in the heart the natural in the liuer Aristotle in secundo De Anima rehearseth fiue faculties or powers of the soule viz. Potentiam vegetatiuam sentientem Appetitiuam loco motuam and Rationalem Doct. What is that vegetatiue power Stud. The vegetatiue power is that which doth nourish increase strengthen the body and therefore it doeth containe these foure faculties that is facultatem nutritiuam auctricem generatricem and formatricem Doct. What is that nutrition or nourishment Stud. It is the conuersion of meate and drinke into a spirituall substance performed by the force of heate that there may bee a restoring of the same which began to be decayed The efficient cause of nourishment is naturall heat Materia ex qua or the matter from whence it springeth is the meat and drinke receiued into the body Materia in qua or the subiect is mans liuing body The formall cause is the same Assimilation or conuersion of meate and drinke into the similitude of enerie member to be nourished for one part is turned into the substance of the bone another into the substance of the flesh c. The end is the restoring of the same which began to be consumed for
and exercise doeth cause a strong body Syracke saith in Cap. 17. that abundance of meat beggetteth diseases and that gluttony doeth fill the body with vitious humours Plato in his second Booke De legibus doth forbid the vse of wine and especially vnto children vntill they be eighteene yeares of age and giueth a reason that Non decetignem igni adijoere And these verses are worthy the consideration Immodici sensus perturbat copia bacchi Inde quis enumeret quot mala proueniant Corporis exhaurit succos animique vigorena Opprimit ingemum strangulat atque necat Doct. That is very true for wee see what drowsie sots those common tospots tauerne haunters are and how vnfit to euery good action subiect to euery kind of disease as Palsies Apoplexies Hydropsies Epelipsies gouts such like besides they are turned for the most part from men to monsters and their minds are as full of filthie disires as their bodies of soule diseases But I pray you proceed vnto the next which is sleepe and watchfulnes let mee know how you doe define the same Of Sleepe and Watchfulnes Stud. SLeepe is a rest and quietnes of De sonnio the vertue animall which hapneth when the profitable vapours of the nourishment doe ascend vp into the braine where they doe sweetly moysten and euery where flowing in the braine doe obstruct the Meatus and passages of the senses and moouing Nerues thorow which the vertue of the seness doe by little and little faile The Efficent cause is heate which as Hip. saith in sleepe it flieth more inwards to the end to helpe concoction from whence it hapneth that the outward members doe easily waxe cold in sleepe and doe require to be more warmer couered The Material cause is a sweet vapour ascending from the nourishment into the brain and stopping the Meatus of the senses and spirits that the members forsake their motion The Formal cause is the rest of the outward senses that is hearing and seeing in like manner local mouing as neither the hands nor the feet doe moue any more or performe their office The Finall causes are first a moystning and a recreation of the braine and of the heart According to Virgil Fessos Virgilius soporirrigat artus Secondly that the action of the stomacke and of the liuer in concoction may be the stronger drawing inwards the heat and the spirits for to that end doth the animall faculties rest in sleepe to the end the natural may more stronger performe their office Thirdly that it may be the image of death according to Ouid Stulte quid est somnus gelidae nisi mortis imago Galen calleth it frater mortis the brother of death for as in sleepe the body taketh its rest and the soule watcheth so also in death the body resteth but the soule and spirit liueth As concerning the order and length of sleepe we must consider how much and how long is conuenient to euery body for long sleepe is more conuenient for them that as yet haue not attained to a perfect digestion whether it happeneth through the eating of euill meats or through the wrakenes of the vertue digestiue And forasmuch as sleepe doeth slacken and make laxe the animall powers it is not so necessary for those that be fasting or to such as do suffer much hunger for thereby the head is filled with fuines and euaporations eleuated from the feces supersluities retained in the stomack But on the contrary too much watching is hurthfull to the braine it doth debilitate and weaken the senses it doth burne the humors and is the cause of sharpe diseases sometimes of frensies of madnesse melancholy and deliriums In this therefore we must be carefull to consider how much is sufficient for as Hippocrates saith both sleepe and watchfulnes which soeuer it be if they be immoderate are hurtfull For the length of sleepe the most part of Physitions do agree Length of sleepe that to strong bodies seuen houres in the night is sufficient for in the day time it is generally disallowed and to those that are weaker eight houres at the most Plato in Timaeo saith when the world shutteth vp hereie we also should shut Plato vp our cies the eye of the world is the sunne therefore sleepe is not long to be deferred after the setting of the sun neither presently after supper can sleepe be wholsome for as Galen saith Lib. 4. Abhorismorum Commentario 67. à cibis ad somnum connersis caput impletur A certain great man was wont to say that he found nothing better for the preseruation of his health then to read nothing after supper to write nothing nor to be long out of his bedde so said he I am very wel able to arise in the morning with cheerefulnesse to follow my busines He that hath a strong stomacke let him lie first vpon the right side but he that hath a weake digestiue facultie should first lie vpon the left side and afterwards vpon the right for to lie vpon the left side doth better helpe digestion and vpon the right side it helpeth better for the distribution of the meat Doct. The next thing not naturall is exercise and rest how may that auaile Motus quies for the benefit and health of the bodie Of exercise and rest Stud. A Great part of the preseruatiō of the health of mans body doth consist in due exercise and rest for both these are necessary both to the body and the minde of which Ouid saith Cernis vt ignauum corrumpant ocia corpus Vt capiunt vitium nimoue antur aqua In these verses the similitude is of the body and the water For as water that doth not mooue doth easily putrifie so the body also groweth to corruption without exercise In like manner of the mind and vnstanding Outd V. Trist Elegia 12. saith Adde quòd ingenium long a rubigine laesum Torpet est multo quà m fuit amè munus Where he calleth it Longam rubiginem otium ignauum he meaneth that wherby the whole force of the wit and vnderstanding is ouerthrowne or at the least doth languish and is diminished euen as by the contrary it is refreshed and made sharpe There are three profits and commodities that ariseth by motion and exercise the first is it maketh the bodie strong Secondly it doth excite and increase naturall heate Thirdly the spirits and the senses are thereby made more stronger and sharper As concerning the times of exercise the Aphorism of Hippocrates doth teach Lib. 6. Epi. Sect. 4. Aphoris vlt. vs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 labours before meate he calleth motion or exercise of the body labours Therefore before meate and not after the body must bee exercised for quietnes after feeding or very litle exercise is to be vsed lest that the naturall heat which should be exercised about concoction and digesture should be dispersed and so made weaker Of Rest the same Ouid saith Quod
a disease that is the Akmin or state And wee must obserue that there are 4. Tempora morborum foure times of diseases that is the beginning the encrease the Akmin or state and the declination The which times are so distributed of Hip. that if the increase bee in the fourth day the change hapneth in the seuenth but if the increase be in the fi lt and seeuenth the Crisis happeneth in the ninth or the eleuenth day but if the disease doe increase in the tenth day the deliuerance hapneth in the foureteenth day In like manner saith the same Hip. the Physition should not be ignorant of the day that the Patient fell sicke nor of the houre in the which the body fell into an heate or to waxe cold c. From whence it doth manifestly appeare that other times also are not to bee neglected for a little after he sayth For this cause sayth he shalt thou recken the daies vnto thee in which thou shalt expect eruptions or apostums in those times prescribed 3. Prog. 3. 4. Aphor. There is also a quaternall number of dayes to bee obserued in all diseases which doth promise an end either to life or death as the same Author witnesseth Moreouer euery disease is either in the superiour or inferiour venter or in the veines whose Crisis hapneth by spittle by vomit by flux of bloud at the nose by Apostūs by seege by haemorrhods by menstrous and by vrin And sometimes also a Crisis doth happen by sweate and many diseases doe transpire by insensible euaporation 1. Of the knowledge of the disease 1 Doct. How shall wee come to the knowledge of the disease Stud. Euery disease is knowne either from things substantially inhering as in the composition of members what doth abound or what doth want or whether it bee not sited in his right place 2. From the operation of the member being hurt 3. From the qualitie changed 4. From things going out of the body 5. From the times of the yeare Wee must know also that euery disease is either by essence or by colligance and consent Morous per essentiam per consensum It is by essence if the disease be of it selfe in some member It is by consent if it be deriued from some member into another by reason of the vicinitie and colligance of the same as the affect of the head from some vapour arising from the stomack neither must we be ignorant that sometimes a disease is not only essential but accidental also a companiō of other diseases so sometimes a feuer is an accident of A feuer an accidens of a disease many diseases and of it selfe no disease and so often times there hapneth Apostums and Tumors Doct. How shall we know the cause of the disease Stud. Hip. affirmeth that there are three causes and beginnings of all diseases for euery disease springeth either from repleton or from the intemperature of the heanens or through some externe violence happening vnto the body Doct. What must we doe when wee know the cause of the disease Stud. The cause being knowne we must proceed to medicines and diet and if need be to topicall meanes and chirurgery prouiding alwaies a contrary medicine to the cause of the discase Wee must therefore at the beginning vse vniuersall remedies then wee must proceed to particular as the discase shall require and the Physitian must remember that contraria contrarijs curantur similia similibus sibi Contraria contrarijs carantur praebere adiumentum so any kind of disease that doth proceede of repletion will require emptines and so on the contrary and a disease that doth proceed of drinesse will require humectation and moystning euen as that same which doth proceed of heate will require refrigeration and cooling c. Notwithstanding we must take heed Repercussiua vitanda that we doe not apply any thing that is extreame contrary especially Repercioussius lest we cause hurt to some principall member PARS 4. Doct. WHen we haue found out a fit remedie for the disease how must we proceed to the cure Stud. It is to no end to find out a remedie vnles the same bee vsed and applied wisely for wee may find some Physitians that are furnished with a world of remedies and yet apply them without either wit or reason there be others that bee of good iudgement and yet notwithstanding are very barraine of helpes but those which they haue are very choice and good and truly I know not how it doth happen that there are so few sound and iudiciall Physitions in this our age But to let that passe in the administration of physicke these three circumstances are to be considered viz. Quantum Quando Quomodo For suppose Quanto Quando Quomodo the remedie be hotte or cold a purger of flegme melancholy or choler it is the worke of inuention the cause and kind of the disease being considered to dispose the remedy in a iust quantity to prescribe the same in a conuenient form and when it becommeth to offer the same according to iudgement and reason And surely there is nothing so hard or so obscure in the practise of physick as to deliuer a iust dose of medicine neither can the quantity of a remedy be defined except wee take the indication from things natural as from the strēgth nature and temperature of the sicke the habit of the body as fatnesse leanenesse thinnes fleshines age sexe and custome Consuetudo altera Natura for that is another nature In like maner from things not naturall as the time the aire the region from things auoyded and from things retained and those things which are praeter naturam against nature as sickenes the cause and the symptoms For what wise man will giue one the same medicine to a weak man to a strong to a woman and to a man to a child and to a yong man to an Englishman and to a Moore The time of the yeare is also to be regarded the month the disease the Paroxisme the cause also is to be considered besides the vehemency and violence of the symptoms and according to the same the dose of the remedy is to be increased or diminished for great diseases require remedies in a greater dose But commonly vnto an Infant ij drag of Cassia is sufficient of Manna iij. drag of Rhubarbe infused ij scruples but to those that be of strength may be giuen j ounce of Cassia and of Manna an ounce and a halfe of Rhubarb ij dra wil scarcely suffice But as I haue said these things can hardly be defined by art but must be referred to the iudgement and discretion of the learned Physition Doct. Let me now know your medicins that you haue to purge choler Chologogon Stud. I haue to purge choler Rhubarb Cassia Manna Myrabalans Citrine Aloes and such like Doct. These are simple medicines let me know your compounds Stud. Then I
Enchiridion Medicum CONTAINING AN EPITOME OF THE WHOLE COVRSE of Physicke WITH THE EXAMINATIon of a Chirurgion by way of Dialogue betweene the Doctor and the Student WITH A TREATISE CONtaining a Definition of all those Diseases that do chiefly affect the body of man AND AN ANTIDOTARY OF many excellent and approued remedies for all Diseases Published for the benefit of young Students in Physicke Chirurgions and Apothecaries Herophilus Morborum remedia si ab indoctis vsurpentur veuena si verò à doctis exercitatis Deorum auxillaces manus LONDON Printed by Henry Ballard for George Potter and are to be sold at his shop at the North door of Paules Faults escaped in the first Booke Fol. 7. linea vlt. read distributiuum f. 38. l. 10. r. Auicen f. 40. l. 22. r. Animi f. 54. l. 3. r. volet f. 57. l. 17. r. Drag ij halfe Rhubard f. 58. l. 9. r. tragea f. 63. rea pul holand Drag halfe f. 66. l. 8. r. Astringents f. 71. l. 10 r. vein f. 87. l. 6. r. drithe f. 92. l. 6. r. 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Lin. 2. r. enulae f. 12. l. 16. r. citrinorum f. 23. l. 2. r. betonicae f. 35. l. r. galangae f. 41 l 21. r. amili AD ZOILVM DeÌ„te Theonino quid carpis Zoile nostra Si tibi displiceant fac meliora precor ORNATISSIMIS VIRIS GHORGIO BAKERO ARmigero Thomae Thorney Iohanni Gerardo Christophero Frederico Iosepho Fentonio Richardo Maps Chirug peruiss Londinens caeterisque eiusdem artis in eadem ciuitate professoribus Dignissimis CVm huic dere medica libello qualiscunque tandem iste siet mei excercendi gratia colophonem addidissem viri dignissimi non deerant ex interioribus meis nonnulli qui à me haud ignauè contendebant hunc prelo committere quorum petitiones cum à me minimè frustratas iri denique curassem mihi mecum consulenti quem patronum huic libellulo deligerem eccè vos ipsioccurristis quorum patrocinio eum statim dicare decretum habui Illudque ipsum lubens ago in vestramque tutelam hune accipi cò magis postulo quòd vnius eiusque ni fallor anti quissimae medicinae partis vos professores estis longè dignissimi Nec me fugit vobis pernotum esse ad exercendam praeclaram illam Chirurgiae artem neminem aptum fore qui ad hanc medicinae partem aliquandiu non instructus fuerit Quocirca vobis ipsis caeterisque condignis rei Chirurgicae alumnis inclytae ciuitatis huius incolis has meas exercitatiunculas deuouere operaepretium existimani A vobis iterum contendens eas à vestro patrocinio protectas iri quas si bene consultas gratéque habitas intellexero ad maius aggrediendum opus vtilitatis vestrae gratiâ animum certè mihi dederitis Quos interim cum pijs vestris conatibus omnipotentis dei tutelae commendare non desistam AN EPITOME of the whole course of Physicke PARS I. Doctor SEeing you are desirous to bee admitted to the practise of physicke let mee heare how you know your selfe fitte and able to practice in so noble an Arte for euerie man is not sitte to be a Physition according to the prouerbe Ex quolibet ligno non fit Mercurius therefore tell me first what manner of man a Physition must be Student A Physition must be learned Medici Dores iudiciall sober of honest conuersation not full of wordes but secret chaste truely Religious not couetous or giuen to wine and finally hee must be a Philosopher according to the saying vbi desinit Philosophus incipit Medicus Doct. It is most true and that is it which Hippocrates crieth out on when hee did perceiue how hard a matter it was to bee a perfect Physition vitae breuis ars longa occasio praeceps experimentum periculosum iudicium difficile As if he should haue said the whole life of man will not suffice to attaine vnto a full knowledge of the Arte of Physick for it spreadeth it selfe so large that if it bee compared with the course of mans life the life is so short that it is not sufficient to attaine to a full knowledge of the whole Arte. And Galen himselfe affirmeth in Libro De pulsibus that hee had spent many yeares in the practise thereof and yet could not attaine to a perfect knowledge of the same If then this happened vnto the Prince of Physitions Hippocrates excepted what may we thinke our selues able to attaine vnto If I say hee spent so much time and labour in one part of physicke how much time and labour may bee required to attaine to a fulll knowledge of the whole art And therfore it is a great error in such men that doe dreame that the art of physicke may be easily attined vnto so that if they haue gotten two or three Chimical medicines without any other grounds they professe themselues to be great Doctors and cunning Physitions But to let that passe let me heare your definition of physicke tell me what is physicke Stud. Physicke is an arte that doth preserue the body of man in health and being sicke cureth the diseases of the same Or physicke according to Hippocrates is adiection and subtraction or according to Galen in his Arte paerua It is the knowledge of things healthfull of things vnhealthfull and of neither Doct. Shew me how that may be Stud. It may bee three waies as the body the cause and the signe as that is a healthful body which enioyeth health a healthful cause which worketh or conserueth health that is an healthful signe which doth demonstrate health to bee present and that is said to bee an vnhealthfull body which is sickely and vnhealthfull cause which worketh the disease an vnhealthful signe which sheweth the kind and greatnesse of the disease or doeth premonstrate the euent thereof We call that a neuter that neither enioyeth health nor sickenes which is not perfectly sound nor yet sicke Or physick is the study of things natural of things not natural and of things against nature Doct. Into how many parts is physick diuided Stud. There â—re in generall fine parts of physicke the 1. is Physiologia and searcheth out the whole nature and constitution of man thâ— 2 is Hugiena and doth study in the preseruation of
and ingenious but the cold is dull slowe and obtuse in vnderstanding the hot complexion hath swift motions of the mind but the cold is of a slow and dull spirit In like manner in hot complexions the teeth doe soner grow and increase then in the cold We must also consider the forme and shape of the body whether it bee fat or leane because that leauenes doth argue an hot body and the fatnes a cold bodie which is to bee vnderstood by nature not by disease or by custome as in extraordinarie cares immoderate vse of Venus too vehement and often exercise and long fasting all these cause a leane and a thin body so in like manner idlenes much banquetting and delicious liuing doth sometimes cause that a body naturally giuen to bee leane may grow fat And so also a cold disposition may grow leane by greefe by cares by hunger such like for the body may be so macerated that it may waxe leane contrary to nature Besides the cold complexion is not so hairy as the hot as may be perceiued by Eunuchs and women which are of a glaber and smooth skinne The signe that is taken from the colour of the haire is deceitful because that the colour of the haire is chaÌ„ged with the age by the dominioÌ„ of a red yellow black or white humor for in the first age the haires that Calidi sunt vilosi et birsuti are yellow heate increasing through age they waxe black at the length the same heare vanishing and much slegme increasing they waxe white In like manner by things receiued into the body the constitution is discerned for the hot complexion is offended with hot things as wine not delayed vehement exercise meates with hot spices and they fall quickly into hot diseases as into Feuers and other cholerick diseases but those hot things are beneficiall vnto cold complexions Moreouer the temperatures of the principall parts as of the heart the liuer the braine and the testicles and of those necessarie parts of life as the stomach and the lungs are knowne by their proper signes as Galen teacheth in his Arteparua of which for the most part Oribasius and Paulus haue written and set forth in their Synopses Doct. Well I would haue you as Def. hum Humor esl succus naturalis guo corpus totum nutritur souetur et conseruatur briesly discourse of humors to the intent wee may not stand ouer long about this first part which is called Physiologia Stud. I haue already sayd that there are foure principall humors bloud choler slegme and melancholy these are called Primogeniti filij quatuor elemeÌ„toruin for choler is of the nature of the fire Omne liquidum fluxile corpus humidum flegme of the water the melancholick humor of the earth bloud of the aire for bloud is hot and moist as is the aire Doct. Wee will not stand long to discourse of humors because I am perswaded that you are sufficieÌ„tly studied therein but tell me your opinion is bloud the onely nourishment of the body or no Stud. It is the opinion of Aristotle that Sanguiaem solum myâ—â—ire bloud is the only nourishment of the body preseruer therof Although some are of opinion that because some parts are spermatick and other fleshie that therefore the fleshie parts are nourished with the blond the spermarick parts with the seed and the bones with the marrow the stomach with that which is called Chilus that therefore blood is not the only nourisher To which I answere that al those parts are nourished with the bloud some immediatly as the sleshie parts some mediatly as the solid parts for the seminal liquor is nothing but bloud made white by the coctioÌ„ alteratiue of the solid parts The marrow also is framed of the bloud and therefore according to the Logicians Causa causae sit causa causati for the bloud is the materiall cause both of Causa causae sit causae causati the marrow and the seed and therefore it is not to bee doubted but that all the parts are nourished with the bloud but the stomach to be nourished with Chilus is affirmed by Galen tertiÌ„o de naturalibus facultatibus But there it is abused by the name of Nutrition for it satisfieth the animall appetite by his quality that is to say by his sweetnes but not the natural quality by his substance And it may very well be perceiued by the infant in the mothers wombe whose stomack is nourished and doth grow not by Chilus because hee receiueth no such nourishment by the mouth but materno sanguine which the liuer draweth by the veines of the nauell and therefore the stomach is nourished with that bloud which it doth containe in his veines and not by Chilus Doct. I am also of your opinion but I pray you go forwards and declare vnto mee the differences of humours Stud. I will in no wise omit the differences of humours which be in number eight foure naturall and foure vnnaturall I haue alreadie shewed that the naturall is bloud flegme choler and melancholy the vnnatural is the same turned by putrefaction or else some otherwise from their natural qualities but as for the generation of them it is by the vertue of the liuer working vpon the matter and substance of food receiued into the stomack for the nourishment of Generatio humorum the body And euen as there is perceiued in new wine foure differences of humours viz. the flower or boyling of the wine secoÌ„dly the watry substance of the wine thirdly the feces or dregges thereof and lastly the pure and sincere wine so of Chilus in the liuer part is made bloud part watrish flegme part yellow choler and part grosse or blacke choler Doct. What is bloud Stud. Bloud is a temperate humor hot and moist sweet the apt and conuenient nourishment of the body Doct. What is flegme Stud. Flegme is a cold humour moist and without sauour as it were bloud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 crude somwhat white which is carried about with the bloud to the end to mitigate the heate of the same and that it may bee conuerted into bloud by the last digesture it helpeth the distribution of the humors and doth nourish those parts that are agreeable or like vnto it selfe Doct. What is choler Stud. Choler is an humour hot dry and bitter which as it were the froth of the bloud is carried together with the same that it may nourish the like members vnto the same it openeth the Meatus and penetrateth it is prositable to the nourishment of those parts that haue the like temperament Doct. What is melancholy or black choler Stud. Melancholy or blacke choler is a naturall humor cold and dry thick Melancholy grosse blacke and sharpe part of which is carried with the bloud to the end to make the same the thicker and to nourish the bones and the spleene and it is as
when the naturall heate doeth consume any thing that same must be restored againe by nutrition euen as in a Lamp the oyle being consumed the same must be again increased Therefore the finall cause is Conseruatio indiuidui the cōseruation of that thing which can not be diuided that is of a man or of any other liuing creature Doct. What are the Organs of Nutrition Stud. It is the mouth which receiueth and cheweth the nourishment the Oesophage that conueieth it the stomacke turning it into Chylus by the worke of the liuer to which are admixed the rest of the humours the veines carrying and conueying the blood to euery member in which there is made Assimilation and application of nourishment Doct. Let me know the faculties and powers of euery member Student The common Faculties which resteth in euery member are said 4. Facultates in singulis membris Attractrix Retentrix Concoctrix Expultrix to befoure viz. the attractiue the retentiue the concoctiue and the expulsiue for euery member hath a faculty to draw to retaine to alter and expell As for example the stomacke doth first draw the meat secondly it retaineth it thirdly it doeth alter it that is it turneth it in to Chilus and fourthly it doeth expell it Doct. What is hunger and thirst Stud. Hunger is a desire of meate when as the veines Mesariaces beeing Fames empty of nourishment doe draw from the stomacke by a kind of sucking and haling the stomacke is as it were Culina communis totius corporis a common Kitchin of the whole body Doct. What is thirst Stud. Thirstines is an appetite of humectation cooling in drithe or heat Sitis the Organ of hunger and thirst is the mouth of the stomacke in which the same irritation or prouoking is felt Doct. Now shew me how nourishment is made Stud. The stomack doth concoct the meat and turneth it into Chilus the same Chilus is sent per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in to the intestins Duodenum and Ieiunum from thence the veines Mesaraices plucketh it and turning it into a more pure and liquid masse sendeth it vnto the liuer but the excrements slippe downe to the inferiour intestins the liuer turneth the Chilus into the masse of bloud which consisteth of the foure humors bloud choler flegme and melancholy And the bloud is sent by the veines from the liuer part vpwards and part into the right ventricles of the heart to nourish the heart and the lungs and to ingender vitall spirits part discendeth downewards to nourish the inferiour members but the other humours which are separated from the bloud part floweth into the gall as yellow choler part into the spleene as black choler the watry Aquosa supersluitas or wheyish matter slippeth to the reines and bladder and so becometh vrin or else it doth transpire by sweat These be the excrements of the second decoction or digestion which are made in the liuer and the veines Last of all the third Decoction is made in those parts to the which excrements do flow which as I say do passe by insensible transpiration of the skin and part with the vrin and excrements The bloud doth nourish the members by apposition and assimilation that is when it sticketh to the members and is adglutinated and waxeth warme and so at the length after many changes it is made like vnto the part and is as it were turned into the same substance and then it is called the second humidity the Arabians doe call it Cambium From hence the digestions or concoctions are numbred to bee three the first is performed in the stomack and intestins the second in the liuer and veines the third in all the members and solid parts and the rule is Vitium prioris concoctionis non potest corrigi per sequentes Doct. I see you doe briefly run ouer this first part of physick concerning things naturall let me heare you deliuer the rest in as short a manner and let me know how many things there bee that are called not naturall The second part of things not natural called Hugiene and doth respect the conserua tion of mans health PARS 2. Stud. THere are six things necessarie to the nourishment and preseruatiō of mans life and are called not natural 1 The Aire 2 Meate and Drinke 3 Sleepe and watchfulnes 4 Exercise and rest 5 Emptines and repletion 6 The affects of the mind Doct. Why are they called things not naturall Stud. Because they are not natural parts of a man they are not within but without the man they are a necessary matter and helpe for the preseruation keeping of the body of man they are called non naturales viz. such things as are not borne with vs. Doct. What doth the Aire concerne the health of our bodies Of the Aire Stud. THe Aire by it selfe is hot and moist and the Attraction thereof is so necessarie to all liuing creatures that to whatsoeuer thing the way of respiration is wanting it presently dieth and experience teacheth vs that the temperature or distemperature therof doth change the constitution of the body the aire being sweet and wholesome doth refresh and nourish the spirits A grosse Aire maketh the body fat and strong but the wit dull and slow such as Cicero writeth the Thebans to be but a pure cleare aire such as was at Athens maketh men liuely and sharp witted That is the best Aire that is pure cleere and thin not grosse troublesome or cloudy Hip. in lib. de flatibus affirmeth that the aire is not onely the author of life vnto mortall men but also the author of diseases and death Galen in Arte medicinale saith Ab Aire afficitur mutatur corpus quia aut caelefit aut frigesit aut exucatur aut humectatur Doct. What say you to meate and drinke Of meate and drinke Stud. OVr bodies are nourished and refreshed with meate and drinke euen as the lampe with oyle or waxe but in the vse thereof there are two things to be obserued the first that meat and drinke be receiued at accustomed and conuenient times for whereit is too long deferred the stomack being emptie is filled with euill humours for the stomack doth not suspend or intermit his naturall action wherefore where it wanteth meat there it falleth backe againe vpon excrements The second obseruation is that wee take so much meate and drinke as may refresh the natural strength of the body and not oppresse it for as Cicero in Catone Maiore saith Nam cibi potionis nimia copia menti corpori obest And how can a man haue a good disposition of mind whose body is ouermuch filled with meat and drinke For which cause temperance doth very much auaile for the garnishing both of the minde and of the body for it is a mother and a sweet nurse both of health wisedome and many other vertues Hippocrates saith that abstinence is Mater sanitatis the mother of health and that labour
is the best and safest medicine that can bee giuen especially being well appointed for it purgeth without any trouble Doct. How is that medecine to be prepared Stud. In time past they would take one pound of liquor as hydromel to scoure milke or the decoctiō of camomell to cease paine in this age they prepare their cly sters of roots hearbs and seedes being artificially boyled which they cal decoction in a pound of which decoction they put one ounce of hony of rose to cleanse of red suger to stir vp excretion with a dram of common salt besides iij ounces of some kind of oyle to make it more lubrick and stipperie and with all some cathartick medicine to purge as for example if you will purge the belly we say Rec. Decoctionis clyster is commin or remodientis lib j. Dissolue mellis Sacchar rub an ℥ j. Catholici ℥ j. ss Olei communis ℥ iij. Fiat clyster This I declare for examples sake not to the intent that the matter should be followed but the maner for sometimes wee adde in stead of the purging medicines those that be astringent as Continodium Plantago Tapsi barbat an M j. and so make a decoction In one pound of the strayning you may ad some oyle iuice or if the patient be rich some a stringent syrupe as of Myttels or Quinces iij ounces and so make an astringent clyster contrary to the former And we must obserue that somtimes the liquor is to be increased or diminished according to the discretion of the Physition as when the bowels are oppressed as in the dropsie and in women great with child also when they are extended with wind as in the Colick and Enterocele c. Also when wee would haue the patient to retain the matter longer then ordinary we diminish the quantity When we would haue the clyster to ascend as in the vlcers of the Ilions and paine of the reines also in the Apoplexie lethargic the quātity is to be increased to be made more sharper Sometimes also oile is hurtfull as Disenteria in Dysenteria where it maketh the vlcers soule and filthy for then astringents as oyle of roses or quinces ought to be added to comfort and strengthen Doct. It hath beene thought of some that clysters may be administred for nourishment especially being made of broth milke egs wine and other comfortable things when as the patient is not able through weakenesse or some other accident to swallow let me heare what your opinion is in that point Stud. It seemeth that Galen was of the contrary opinion when he denied that the substance of the clyster was not carried beyond the intestinum Ieiunum from whence some haue supposed that the ficke patient hath beene refreshed with the vapour onely It is true indeede that the animal appetite may be satisfied with the vapor of the nourishmēt but the natural wil not bee so satisfied which delighteth only with substance not with vapours which suddenly and speedily perish and waste but it is manifestly proued that the matter of the clyster to transcend the Iemnum intestinum euen to the stomack from whence the Mezerdicall veines doe draw nourishment and in thacapassio it hath bin seene that oftentimes the clyster hath beene cast vp by vomit who is hee then that will denie that clysters nourish not or come vnto the stomacke Matthaeus Grad an interpreter of Anicen doeth affirme that he had seene a maid that had taken Suppositories and forth with with the violent attraction of the stomacke fell into exceeding vomitings whereby they were compelled to minister vnto her fatte broths and juyces to dull the attractiue facultie whereby she was recouered Doct. I am of your opinion that clysters may be giuen to nourish and haue obserued in diuers patients who through weakenesse could take no nourishment by the mouth yet by Clysters nature hath beene well refreshed and the Patient in the end as well recouered But I would now know of you the order that must bee obserued as well by the Physition in the administring of the clyster as by the patient in receiuing of the same Stud. You shall and first for the time it is thought that in the morning betweene Clysteria quomodo adnunistranda seuen and eight of the clocke the stomacke being fasting or in the afternoone about fiue of the clocke as the Physition shall thinke conuenient is the fittest time hauing a great care that it be not administred too hotte for the sensibilitie of the intestines I haue knowne some that haue brought great torments to the patient by ministring of a scalding clyster But after the patient hath receiued the clyster let him by little and little turne himselfe vpon either side and if the affect bee in the head or vpper parts let the patient lie vpon his backe if in the right side let the patient lie so much the longer vpon the same and so in like manner vpon the left retaining the clyster if it be possible the space of an houre Afterwards when the clyster shall be sent forth with the excrements let the patient refraine meate the space of an houre that so by that time the vapours dispersed through the body may be setled otherwise the fumes of the excrements may be hurtfull c. Doct. Proceed now to the choice of De remedij delectu the Remedy Stud. The end of preparing physick is two fold the first is to preserue the present health of the body the second to reduce that which is lost Health is preserued by a good diet and sickenes is recouered by physicke diet supplieth that which is wanting by the vse of like things and Physicke being the curer doth remoue those things that are hurtfull vnto the faculties by remedies that are contrary There are three things Triasent quae actionem laedunt that doeth hurt the action that is the cause sickenesse and the symptoms or accidents that doth follow sicknes The cause doe precede the disease euen as the shadow doth the body the symptoms doth follow the disease therefore the Physition must first endeuour to remoue the cause for otherwise there is little hope to cure the disease and the outward cause doth profit very much to the knowledg of the inward as I haue already said the scope of the Physition must be onely to remoue the same And this cause is twofold either coniunct or remote which is commonly called antecedent and consequent we call that coniunct which imediatly and forth with causeth the disease as some humor praetor naturä affixed to the part either by fluxion of congestion we cal that remote and antecedent from whence the same coniunct cause springeth and is nourished that is to say Plethoria or Cacochymian Doct. What is that Plethoria or Cacochymian Stud. Wee call that Plethoria when there is an imoderate fulnes through abūdāre of blood or of the 4. humors the cure wherof doth consist in cuacuation Vt
enim duae sant prima communes causae morborum plethea cacochymia sicremedia sum mâ—ssio Sanguinis purgatio either by opening of a veine or purgatioÌ„ Cacochymia is a vitious quality of all the foure humours or of some one of them for either blood is distempered or choler or flegme or melancholy and that body which is so distempered is called corpus cachochymicum a body of an euill complexion iuice or disposition First therefore in the choice of the remedie we must first be carefull to deale with the cause before the disease or the symptom the antecedent before the coniunct the antecedeÌ„t cause as I haue said springeth from plethoria or cacochymian and the former is remoued by phlebotomi and the latter by purgation In the choice of the remedy also wee must consider in opening of a vein what Remedy 〈◊〉 weine must be opened as the Cephalica for the head the Basilica for the naturall parts the Epalica for the middle parts and the diseases of the stomacke and the splene In the choice of the remedy we must also diligently consider the seate of that cacochymia whether it may be remoued with Aloes Cassia or with some coÌ„mon Clyster for to purge from the first region as from the stomack from the lutestims from the hollows of the liuer from the Mesenterio and the splene it is sufficieÌ„t oftentimes to vse Rhubarb Senna Agarick with such like but where it resteth in the parts more remote we are then to vse a stronger means as Scammomack medicins coloquintiáa hermodactils black helebor others of the same kind In the choice of the remedy we must also consider the greatnes of the disease for a great disease doeth require a great remedie and a lighter the lighter remedie sometimes a small disease is cured onely by abstinence frication exercise and with light remedies In the administration of a remedy we must also consider the strength of the sicke and so dispose the medicine accordingly And this is an obseruation that the remedy must be alwares greater then the disease and before the opening of any veine a clyster must precede lest the crude humor which for the most part is contained in the first region be carried into the places that are empty of blood Doct. You haue satisfied me well in the Theorick part let vs now come to the practise Shew me your method in the Therapeuticke part let me know how you will remedy diseases that proceede of blood which we will comprehend vnder Synochus or a continuall feuer Go to let me know your method for the curation of a continuall feuer Stud. That shall I most willingly performe and I hope to your full satisfaction and contentment General remedies against diseases proceeding of bloud vnder the example of a continuall Feuer SYnochus is a continuall Feuer proceeding Signa from bloud the signes are an vnseparable rednes in the face an inflation or puffing vp of the veines artires and temples with lassitude and wearisomnes of the whole body with a sleepy disposition the vrin is red and grosse the patient hath a difficultie of breathing a full pulse high and swift The cause and the kind of the Feuer being perspected the cure wil easily follow Purgatio The first intention is with a clyster or some gentle purgation only I except cassia partly because of his humectation it increaseth the putrifaction and partly because head-ache is familiar to this Feuer and by the vse of cassia is increased by reason of the abundance of vapours that ariseth from the same Secondly I open the basilica of the right arme and according to the counsell Venae sectio of Galen I draw blood euen to the fainting of the patient And because it sometimes hapneth that in a full body a veine is hard to be found and therefore blood cannot be drawne I then cause your sanguisugae to bee applied to the thighs legs shoulders or otherwise I prouoke the Hemrrhods the Menstrus or bleeding at the nose Then to resist putrification I giue syrupus de acetositaet citri De limonibus De granatis Oxysacharum simplex with the waters of roses sorrell gramen and Cichory Or Rec. Syrupi de acetositate Curi â„¥ ij Aquae graminis â„¥ viij Fiat Iulep which must be giuen inter pastu The Syrups of Buglosse De lupulis De fumaria giuen in the waters aforesaid doeth clense the blood And forbeause the thinner blood by heate is apt to be turned in to choler and the grosser into melancholy we purge with Cholagogo as Rhubarb and with Melanagogo as Sena with some refrigerant decoction which doth also open and clense the blood as for example Rec. Radicum graminis Acetosaean Drag iij. Cichorij totius Endiuiae Scariolae an M. j. 4. Sem. frigid malor an Drij sunt Diuretica Florum cordialium an 〈◊〉 j. Fol. Sennae mundat â„¥ j. Fiat decoctio In colaturae â„¥ viij infunde Rhabarbari Drag iij. in lein expressione dissolue syrupi De Cichorio simplicis syrupi de fumaria compos an â„¥ j. ss fiat apozema in duas Doses In the whole course of the cure must be repeated clysters that haue a cooling facultie as for example Rec. Lactucae Endiuiae Scariolae Portulacaean M. j. Fiat decoctio in collaturae lib. j. dissolue mellis sacchari violati an â„¥ j. Diapruni solut Drag vj. or confectio hamech â„¥ ss velvtriusq Drag ij olci violati â„¥ iij. fiat clyster And because the blood in the great veins doth putrifie and is wont to moue great heat and paine about the loynes we doe apply ceratum refrigerans Gaseni or that which is prescribed against the hot distemperature of the reines The diet of the Patient must be thin â—â—…ctus and such as may not increase bloud for bodies that are full and impure by how much the more they are nourished by so much the more are they hurt in stead of wine he must vse aqua horaij or aqua graminis if the patient haue difficultie of breathing you may ad therevnto liquorish iniubes or the roote of vngula cabalina to strengthen the heart buglosse burrage for the heat of the liuer cichorie lettice purslan for the heat of the reines the cold seedes and Alcecengi for costiuenes violets pruna acida Tanarinds He must obstaine from egges wine if it possible may be from flesh because it doth increase the bloud and so consequently the cause of the disease Of diseases proceeding of choler with their cure vnder the example of a Feuer tertian Doct. PRoceed now to the cure of cholerick diseases which wee Febristertiana will comprehend vnder a tertian Feuer Tel me how wil you cure a tertian Feuer Stud. As there is a common cause of all diseases so for the most part there are common remedies the heate of choler is first to al to be asswaged by the vse of cooling medicines as syrups of Cichorie De endiuia De
a litle hyslop as Rec. Hyssoppi P. ss bulliat in tribus libris aquae ad perfectam despumatienem seu consumptioneni tertie partis audendo mellis ℥ j. ss cuius quantitas mir uatur siatque mulsa dilutior sicalor in praecordijs auctus videatur ne bilescat In the whole progresse of the disease our cheefest care must be for the stomacke that it may be strengthened by taking of some tables of Aromaticum rosatum or Electuary of Diarrhodon applying vpō the the same Emplastrū stomachicū with oile of nutmegs Chimical oile of wormwood such like also to giue inwards is verie much cōmended syrup of mints or syrup of worme wood Some do affirm that the iuice of Gentian with warm wine taken before the fit doth cure the feuer but it is most certain that a Dr. of old treacle or mithridate the body purged giuen in white wine one houre before the fit to cure the same There be some that haue sworne that onely with the instilling of 3. drops of the iuice of Mercury into the right eare or nostrill to haue done the same but as it is an indifferent medicine so those that are disposed may proue it so that they neglect not other meanes some others will vpon the drawing on of the fit to hold the feet in hot water wherin haue bin boiled herbs of an hot quality To a quotidiā appertaineth that feuer which is called Epiala contrary to Lypiria for Epiala Lypriiam whē the inward parts wax cold the outward do burn because the vitrios glas sie flegm in what part it doth putrisie is incended but the other grosse sort doth waxe cold which requireth to be well prepared by such medicines as doe vehemently incide and attenuate before it be purged Gordomius counselleth in feuers proceeding of slegme to giue the patient wine diluted for saith he if Valesius doe allow of opening rootes if of peper if syrups De mentha and De absynthio may be allowed why not wine And this is the method which I haue obserued for the cure of a quotidian feuer by which method I suppose all phlegmaticke diseases of what kind soeuer may be remoued and perfectly cured Doct. Tell me what difference there is betweene a quotidian and an haemitritaeon or halfe a certian Of an Haemitritaeon or Semitertian Stud. HIppocrates primo Epidenion De semetertiana doth call a semitertian horrisicam not onely because it doeth inuade with horror but also because in the whole course of the disease the sick doth altogether tremble and shake this feuer is framem of a continuall quotidian and of an intermittent tertian Flegme putrified in the greater vessels causeth a quotidian and choler putrisied in habitu causeth a tertian but it troubleth daily besids also the third day the sick cōplaineth himself to be tormēted for certain houres with watchings vnquietnes with thirst with bitternes of mouth with a feeling of lassitude and wearisomenes therfore frō flegme proceedeth the cold from choler a light succession or shaking of the extern parts but frō both of them trembling It is called a semitertian not because we say he is halfe putrified but he is farre more grieuous then a tertian Hippocrates saith that this disease is deadly for many causes first for the diuers conflict of contraries secondly because it leaueth no time to nature to nourish the body to concoct hurtfull humours and to repaire the strength by which cause it must needes heape vp a great heape of excrements thirdly because it is twofold and is framed from contrary causes lastly because it exerciseth the stomack and the Nerues parts from whence arise often syncops and soundings notwithstanding the remedies must be mixed against choler and flegme the stomack must be strengthened with inward and outward meanes the liuer must also be cooled for I know not how it happeneth that it taketh one heat from another the lesser is drawn from the greater Doct. So now you haue satisfied my desire proceede to diseases arising from melancholy which we wil comprehend vnder a feuer quartan let me know your method you haue for the cure of the same Of diseases proceeding of melancholy with their remedies under the example of a quartan feuer Stud. AFeuer proceeding from melancholy is called a quartan Do morbis melancholicis because that melācholy moueth euery 4. day as choler doth euery 3. day slegm daily That quartan is the safest which doth inuade of itselfe and doth not proceed from some other disease For those feuers that degenerate into a quartan doe somtimes continue for many yeres Valescus reporteth that he saw a man that had a feuer euery 30. day that feuer did continue for the space of 30 yeares The feuer is chiefly to be known from things antecedent as if the sicke were Digmtio melancholy in his declining age and whether it took hold of him in Autumn although that Hippocrates in libro De hebdomadibus writeth that that feuer doth chiefly inuade in the flower of age that is to say from 25. vnto 45. but hee hath written many other things of a quartan which daily experience doth shew to be contrary But to proceed if the fit doth begin with trembling shaking that his bones seeme to be bruised feeleth paine in his lower parts because the humor is cold drie grosse and therefore cannot be thrust out to the skin Also from the adiuncts as by the heat which doth not appeare sharp biting except the humor be of burnt choler From the consequents as the hurt action a small pulse by reason of cold Actiu lesa slow by reason of the grossenesse of the humour The feuer is also to be adiudged from the excrements as by little sweat because the humour being earthy is very hardly resolued into sweats the vrine is thinne and watrish and the stooles and drie We must proceede in this feuer as in others in concocting the matter offending and in purging because he is of the kind of putrified feuers therefore we must begin with euacuation of common superfluities and if the belly be bound wee giue this or the like glyster Rec. Fol. Maluae M. j. Polypod quer ℥ j. ss Epithimi Apozem Contra melancholiam Carthami an ℥ ss Sen alex. ℥ j. Sem. anisi Femculi an P. j. Bulliant in sero Lactis adlib j. in colat dissolue mollis ros ℥ j. ss olei violarum ℥ iij. fiat enema Also we may administer this Apozem Rec. Radicum capparis Tamaricis an Drag iij. Polypodij ℥ ss Lupuli cuscutae melissae buglossae Borraginisan M. j Som. anisi feniculi an Drag ij Florum genistae P. j. Fiat decoctio in colat ℥ viij Dissolue Syrupi Defumaria simplicis vel compositi syrup de pomis aut regis sabor an ℥ j. ss fiat Apozema clarum in duas doses In the same decoction may bec boyled Foliorum Sennae drag iij in
there are that do very much commend the yelks of egs poched and coxe-stones boyled in milke but that is more fitter for the cause which is emptines then to the Feuer the Patient must vse decoctions of french barly a yong cocke stusfed with barly clensed and boyled for broth is very good if hee shall be wearie of the vse of pusans he may vse white wine being made thin by delution The Patient must auoid watchfulnes venery and all other perturbations of the mind which doth dry attenuate as anger sorrow bathing is thought to be good lukewarm so that it hath a cooling faculty especially before the disease be confirmed he may tarry in this bath 3. or 4. houres giuing vnto him therein Asses milke tempered cum saccharo violato or rosato after he is out of his bath he may be annointed with cerato refrigirante galeni or vnguento rosato mesue oyle of roses violets or Mympheae Marasmus is not to bee cured and those that make their Marasmus brags that they cure consumptions doc much mistake for it is rather leannes and thinnes of body then any Hectick passion for euen as to poure oyle into a lampe where is no weeke nor match is nothing else but oleum operam perdere euen so in vaine doe wee striue to restore to nature that solid substance being by heate consumed taken away because that through nourishment a watry humor not an angry is rather supplyed to the sicke Patient Common remedies for maligne diseases and contagious vnder the example of the Pestilence THe Pestilence is a disease which De Tesie doth happen vnto many and hath his beginning from a pernicious vnusual putrifactiō which doth very much exceed the condition of vulgar putrifaction Sometimes this pernicious quality hath it begining in our selues for it happeneth that sometimes the humors I could wish that our common Gardeners about London might be inhibited from planting such multituds of Cabbages or at the least might be compelled to bury deep vnder ground their rotten stalks and leaues from whence ariseth a pestilent vapour and vnusuall putrifaction at the latter end of the yere of our bodie doth so much degenerate from the natural temperature that at the length it taketh vnto it self a pernitios venemos quality so is constrained to striue with deadly venoms Somtimes it ariseth frō outward means as malign putrified exhalations which are communicated to the aire sometimes from dead fennes pooles and standing waters corrupted such as is the waters in Moore fields at London where no man was wont to walke in the euenings for stench stinking channels venemous dens and mettalin spirits arising out of the earth often times also it happeneth from the variable commistion of the Planets and then it is the hidden and admirable scourge of the most iust God for our sinnes and then it is properly called the pestilence but when it hath hit beginning from other causes it is called Morbus malignus or Febris maligna those feuers that haue their originall from Venom are for the most part deadly but not pestilential because they are not contagious The part affected is the heart by Pars affect meanes of the pestilent aire which creepeth vnto the same by the lungs through necessity of respiration whereby the vitall spirits are assailed and the humidum radicale and solid substance cleane ouer throwne We must in the beginning resist the externall cause the aire is to be purged by fire both abroad in the house for that doth separate remoue the putrifaction many waies if it be prepared of sweete woods as of Iuniper it is more better doth more refresh the vitall spirits The vitall faculty it selfe is to be strengthned by cordials as well inward as outward the better to resist venom Rec. Conseruae buglos borrag an ℥ j. Corticis semenis citri an Dr. ij Diamargirits frioidi Alexiphar macon Troch scorūde Camphora an dr j Adde si vis boli armeni terrae sigillatae tantundē Rasurae Vnicornis smaragdt ambrae an gran ss cum syrupo conseruationis citri fiat opiata vel cum saccharo in aqua violarum Buglos scabiosae cardut benedicti soluto fiat electuarum per tabellas but if these things shail seeme too hot for the summer they may be temperated with adding of Roses violets and sanders for the poorer sort may suffise the rines and seeds of the citren cornu cerui zedoaria dictaminus angelica tormentill gentian taken the quantity of Drag j. in aquae cardui or borragini To the heart must be applied Sacculus fotus Epithemita the sacculus may be prepared with red roses violets flowres of buglosse the citren rine of their decoction or distilled waters may bee made fotus and with adding of cordiall powders may be framed an Epithema There are alwaies ready in the Apothecaries shops two Alexiteriās against al venoms and venemous diseases that is treacle mithridate the which our antients haue vsed with great profit as wel for preseruatiue as for expelling presēt sicknes they were wont to giue one Dr. by it selfe or else in some cordiall water and also to apply it outwardly in the forme of a Linament vpon the region of the heart with some mice of Lymons or mixed with some Cordiall conserues in the forme of an Emplaster Some learned men doe agree that the same cacochymia is to be diminished by some gentle purge which must be vsed with some cordial decoction as for example if choler be accended and a poison may seeme to possesse all the humours the signes shew presently a cholerick feuer although by reason of the same cacoethes and conioyned poyson it be increased we may say Rec. Radicis acetosae ℥ ss Scabiosae Cichorij Pimpinellae an M. j. Decoctio cordialis Sem. citri Cardui benedictian Drag ij Flor. cordialium an P. j. Fiat decoctio in colaturae ℥ iiij infunde Rhabarbari Dra. ij ss in expressione leui dissolue syrup rosarum Solutiui ℥ j. ss adde Camphorae grana quatuor fiat potus I dare not vse any stronger purge as Diaprunum solutinum and Electuarium Desucco rosarum least nature should be disturbed and therefore we must farre lesse vse Diacrydium or Antimoni Yet there be some Physitions that doe affirme that iiij or v. graines of Antimoni being infufed in some cordiall waters to haue been giuen with good successe In all Epidimicall diseases one doeth administer this medicine Rec. Diascordij Drag j. Syrup Delymonibus ℥ ss Aquae cardui benedict ℥ ij Spirit vitrioli gut 4. Misce fiat haustus Capiat fudet and so let him take ij Nota. or iij. of the same draughts if the feuer seeme to be a synochus and the patient haue a plethoricke body a veine may safely be opened but if it be but an Ephemera or hecticke then at no hand must it be enterprised From hence aririseth that great
complaint of letting of blood in a pestilent feuer one defending one way and another another way and all striue by probable reasons some do affirme that no man doeth escape that hath a veine opened another saith that very few die that doe bleede and that there is no more present remedy then the same but this first is to be ended by the distinction of feuers Celsus doeth commend bathing and hydrotick meanes that the Venum may haue its passage thorow the skinne and therefore they hold it good to anoint the groine and arme holes with the other Emunctuaris with oyle of Scorpions that therby the venom may bee drawn forth De Lue Venerea or the Pox. Doct. PRocced now and tel me what disease is the Pox Stud The Pox is a contagious euill which for the most part is gotten by the vse of veneric In times past we had no knowledge of that disease but now it is growne to bee the most commonst that raigneth and it bringeth with it many detestable cuils and trouble some accidents In the beginning it is but small but in time it groweth to that greatnes that it doth not only corrupt the humors and spirits but also it doeth offend the nerues membrans tendons the flesh and bones and at last it doth ouerthrow and consume all the other parts of the bodie and peruerteth the tempeature and whole substance thereof from whence proceedeth diuers and many kindes of excrements it may well be called the plague of Venus because that for the most part it is not gotten but by the vse Let venerians look to themselues of vncleane bodies This disease hath beene knowne to lurke in the bodie many moneths together before it hath beene mistrusted and sometimes a whole yeare together Doct. What part is there affected in the Pox Stud. In this disease the part affected Pars affect principally is the liuer as doth appeare by the naturell actions hurt for in the stomacke there is euill concoction whence ariseth a great alteration of colour and dulnesse of the whole bodie the appetite of venerie is cleane ouerthrowne and it is a disease peruerting the whole substance with the temperature and by that meanes there ariseth diuers kindes of excrements it hath an analogie to the whole substance of the liuer rather then to the heart or braine for it doth oppugne rather the naturall spirits then the vitall or animall which beeing corrupted must needes infect the Liuer from whence ariseth that same Pilorum Deflautum or shedding of haire and also sometimes there ariseth itchings about the priuy parts vlcerations virulent Gonorrheas and such like Doct. What are the signes of this disease Stud. In the beginning of the disease there doth appeare those venerious bubos Signa Bubones venerei in the groine and maligne pustuls in the yard and vlceration of the vrinarie passages which after a time doeth yeeld a kind of light sanies and causeth a kind of distilling and burning of vrine and withall there is adioyned a gonorrhea and shedding of seede Somtimes there doth appeare certaine small spots ouer the whole body now yellow now redde and filthy and as it were warts which wil not a way til the disease be cured Finally paine of the nerues head-ach paine of the shoulders and the necke are common companions Sometimes also those spots doe vanish and after a time doe rise againe and in time doe proue to be virulent and doe erode and eate the skinne so that there doeth arise manie foule fordid and virulent vlcers and pustles and they doe very often grow in the pallat of the mouth and in the iawes and the nose and in time doth exulcerate the tongue and the nostrils because those parts are more tender then others Often times in this disease also the Desantium pilorum capitty atque barbs haire of the head and beard do fal away the Patient cannot sleep by reason of exceeding paine for this disease doth torment more in the night then in the day There doth also appeare in the ioints vpon the shin bone certaine tophies tumors hardly to be dissolued and especially in the forehead and other parts of the head and sometimes also vpon the shoulders from whence arise vleers of very hard curatiō which in time doth erode and corrupt the bone bringing to the Patient in tollerable paine especially in the night time as I haue before sayd And these are the common sigues of this disease of the poxe which in some bodies doe appeare after one manner in others after another more or lesse and not in euery body alike Doct. Tell mee what is the cause of this disease Stud. The cause of this disease is a Causa fordid and maligne qualitie containing in it selfe a very deepe contagion communicated from one infected body vnto an other by vncleane touching wherby for the most part the parts of generation are affected by reason of their rare and tender substance In like manner this maligne qualitie is communicated to the apparell to the mouth and also to the skinne and sometimes it doth so much the sooner infect by how much the natural vertues faculties of the liuer are the weaker From thence also it doth somtimes happen that many vsing one vncleane woman are in a manner al infected but those that haue their naturall faculties strong are very seldome infected As in the pestilence although the pestilent aire be communicated to al yet all are not alike infected and the reason is because some men haue their vitall spirits more stronger then others Doct. What prognosticks haue you vpon this disease Stud. This disease being but newly taken doth admit an easie cure but being Prognest old confirmed is very seldome or neuer cured the disease is contagious infectious to which womē are more apter then men and in this euill it hapneth that the infected cānot sleep they are troubled with continual sorrow grief and in the end doe perish with a Feuer This disease also is transferred from the parents to the children bringeth with it often times phtisis the dropsie asthma and such like Doct. Let vs now heare what cure you haue for this disease Stud. I haue sayd that if the disease be Luis vene reae cura not very old that then the cure is very easie and therefore first of all I open a veine afterwards I attenuat the grose humors with medicines appropriate for that purpose especially such as may reserate and open the meatus passages Then I doe purge the body as necessitie shall require either with pils or potions afterwards I expell the reliquis of the disease with such things as may procure Diaphoretica sweate and when the sicke doth begin to sweate hee must cleanse and wipe himself with cleane clothes before he entreth into his sweate he must drinke a draught of some decoctiō that hath propertie to open the passages of the neruos parts
all vlcers if onely we consider the vlcer is exiccation but if we consider the cause from which it is ingendred or nourished and symptoms without remouing of which it cannot be cured it hath foure intentions of curing The first that we prescribe a fit diet The second that wee intercept the matter antecedent The third that we remoue the symptoms and dispositions ioyned with the vlcer The fourth that we dry the thinne recrement of the vlcer and deterge the grosse Doct. How will you performe your first intention as concerning a sit and connenient diet S. I prescribe a diet to the patiēt either smal or large according to the strēgth of the patient or aboundance or fewnes of humors in the qualitie of meates I haue consideration of the temperament and humors redounding as wel in the whole body as the part affected as if the humors be sharp hot those we alter vnto coldnes and with all correcting the Acrimony and sharpnes Doct. How do you finish the second Stu. The 2 scope I also performe when I consider as wet the qualitie as the quātitie of humors offending as well in the whole body as flowing to the part affected and so by euacuation and imersion partly by purging medicines partly by bloud letting if strength age and other things doe agree partly by binding frictions fomenting of the parts opposite to the vlcer partly by repellent medicines to intercept the fluxe such as is vnguentum ex boro and such like Doct. How is the third scope finished Stud. We performe the third intention when wee remoue as I said the manifold and diuers Symptoms and euill dispotisions ioyned with the Vlcer for sometimes there is ioyned distemperature sometimes paine somtimes tumor and swelling and somtimes contusion often times Hypersareosin but more often thicknes of lippes corruption of bone virulent excrement foule matter hollownes crooked windings as in Fistulaes with cacoethia and euil disposition all which haue diuet scure Doct. What is the difference betweene a Fistula and an Vlcer Stud. A Fistula is a deepe and hallow Vlcer indurated with a strict and narrow orifice which doth require handie operation as the common Vlcer doth and the difference is that the ore hath callositie and induration and the other hath not Doct. Well now wee must proceed to tumors against nature tell mee how many tumors be there against nature Stud. The Physitions prescribe foure kinds of tumors against nature according to the foure humors the first is called Phlegmone and is an inflamation or collection of blood and as Galen saith is a simple tumor and an affect of the fleshie parts proceeding of a fluxe which sweateth through the coats of the veines like vnto a dew wherein they gather together to themselues a tumor with heate rednesse stretching pulsatine or beating paine which is proper to great inslammations The second is called Erysipilas and is properly an affect of the Skinne and doth proceed of pure choler and is much hotter then phlegmon and therefore is of some Physitions called ignis sa or ignis S. Anthonij and of some ignis Persicus which names may also be applied vnto or to his kinds The third is called Oedema and is soft loose and without paine springing of thinne slegme or vaporous spirits The fourth is called Scirrhoi or Scirrhus that is induration or hardnesse and is a tumor proceeding of a grosse melancholick humour and is hard without paine and sometimes without sense and sometimes also it happeneth of grosse and tough slegme and of the dregges of blood sometimes also slegmon is turned into scirrhus by the application of medicines that doe vehemently coole and binde Doctor Let mee know your method for the curing of flegmon Student The curing of Flegmon doth consist in a fourefold intention the first doth consist in prescribing of fit and conuenient diet which is in the due vse of those sixe things that bee called not naturall In this affect therefore wee must bee verie carefull to make choice of a pure cleere and cold aire also the diet must bee cold and a little drying and that which doth procure and ingender little blood and therefore wine egges and nourishing brothes must bee refrained or very little vsed the part affected must in no case bee exercised and there must also a meane bee kept and obserued in sleepe and watchings sleeping in the day time and after meales must be auoided the belly must be kept loose either by clyster or otherwise the patient must auoid anger clamour contention withal he must flie from venery and the vse of women as from a most deadly enemy The second scope is in the restraining of the Fluxe of humors which is performed as well by reuulsion as by medicines repelling therefore presently in the beginning we must open a veine in the beginning we must open a veine in the opposite part so that the Patient haue a plethorick and a full body but where there is no fulnes of body and yet notwithstanding we feare the vehemency of the disease through the greatnes of the cause and that withall the disease is in his augmentation then for reuulsion we cuta veine not far from the affect so likewise when the disease draweth to his state if it be possible we open a veine neere the effect But this wee must be carefull of that before phlebotomy the belly must be emptied and the common excrements auoided either by clyster or some bole of Cassia or otherwise The third scope is in curing of the matter now coniunct and impacted together for that must be auoided Therfore in the increase we haue a twofold scope of curing the one in repelling of the matter flowing the other in discussing of the matter inhering vnto the part Doct. What medicines haue you that doe discusle and resolue Stud. Medicines that doe discusse which be of the gentler sort are Aqua calida Vinum giluum ac tenue Panis furfuraceus fermentatus Adeps suillus gallinaceus anserinus Anatinus Oleum vetus Oleū chamoemeli Oleum anethinum Lana sordida butyrnm Furfur hordeum Lentes althea Malua agrestis chamoemeli meliloti Parietaria Absynthium brassica Caricae pingues The stronger medicines are Farinae seminis lini faenegraeca lupinorum Orobi adipes taurinus vrsinus Leoninus Olea larinum Rutaceum irinum sicynium Nucum Radices Ireos aristolochiaerotund Bryoniae gentianae follia Hyssopi Marioranae Saluiae Rutae obrotan pulegij calameti Origani sem anisi faeniculi anethi Dauci carui flores sambuci Anthos Gummi Ammoniacum B dellium galbanum Opoponax But in all hotte tumours wee are to vse the gentler remedies beforesaid and in the increase we mixe discussiue medicines with those that bee astringent As for example in a cataplasme we say Rec. Farina seminis lini ℥ j. ss Far. hordij ℥ ij Flor. cham P. j. Rostrub Drag iij. Fol. bacchar myrti an Dr. j. ss Let al be boiled in vineger to the
the eares Sovitus aurium sound and noyse of the cares is for the most part ingendred of a windie vapour or of grosse and clammy humors sometimes it is caused through weakenesse of the members When it doth chance in the recouery of a disease some humour is taken into the sinews of the cares it may be caused also of outward things as of cold heat or a blow on the head Surditas grauis auditus deafnes and slow hearing it doth begin sometimes at ones birth and sometimes afterwards which doth chance either through cholericke humours flying vpwards or through crude and grosse humors stopping the hearing Parotides be inflammations which are wont to issue out in the kernels which be by the eares It is caused of abundance of hot blood which is either mixed with choler or flegme or melancholie and sometimes it is caused of humors compact in the head and sometimes of the rest of the body by sickenesse and especially by feuers CHAP. IIII. Of diseases of the nose OZenae are certaine vlcers in the nose that be deepe and rotten out of the which doth breath a lothsome and stincking sauour the cause is sharpe and rotten humours which flow to the nostrils Profluuio sanguinis ex naribus flux of blood at the nose is caused by a two fold meanes as internall and externall externall as some fall a stripe vehement exercise and tarying in the sunne Inward causes as plenty of blood or thinnes of the same and sometimes great drinking of wine Polypus is a fleshie matter growing in the nostrils like vnto a kind of caruncle Hippocrates doth affirme that it is incurable sometimes it is caused through grosse humours descending to the nostrils and sometimes it ariseth through a melancholicke humour Coryza Read before in the description of Catarrhus CHAP. V. Of the affects of the mouth and teeth Foetor oris stinking of the mouth it is caused for the most part through putrifaction of the gummes or teeth or through meat sticking still in the teeth many times it commeth through hotte distemper of the skinne of the mouth sometimes also through corrupt and rotten humours sticking in the mouth of the stomacke sometimes vlceration of the mouth or lungs is the occasion of the stinking of the breath Acola and apthe are certaine vlcers bredde in the vppermost part of the mouth and haue a certain burning heat some are whitish and some are of a red colour and some are blacke and they are the most perillous they ingender for the most part in infants and sucking children when either the nurses milke is naught or the child cannot wel digest it These vlcers sometimes chance to them that be of perfect age as well through great flux of vitious and corrupt humors to the mouth as also through sharpnes of those things that are eaten and drunke Dolor Dentium the tooth-ach it is caused sometimes through hot or colde distemper sometimes through flowing of humours out of the head vnto the rootes of the teeth which through their sharpenes either doe gnaw about them or else with their abundance they ingender greefe in the teeth as if inflammation be about the fleshy parts Paine in the teeth is sometimes without inflammation of the gummes sometimes in the sinew wherein the rootes be planted Dentes denigrati molles teeth that be black and loose happen through the flowing of vitious humours and sometimes through a stripe or fall sometimes through flowing of moisture which doth loose the sinews and ligaments and so doeth make the teeth loose or else gnawing and weakenes of the gummes in which the teeth are set are the cause of loosenes There are many other infirmities of the teeth and mouth as Apostumes in the tongue inflammations chaps and such like vlcers of the gummes with the excrescence of flesh all which I ouerpasse for breuities sake CHAP. VI. Of the affects of those parts that serue to the voice TVmer vnulae the swelling of the vuula sometimes the vuula is inflamed and sometimes it falleth downe It is caused either of rheume or else of some hot humour but if the vuula doe fall it doth proceed either through great labour or heat or else through great sicknes or weakenes Squinantia or angina it is an Apostume of the throte Hippocrates in 3. prog 17. describeth foure kinds and Celsus doth approue but three kindes and the first kind doeth seldome appeare outward and for the most part is mortall the three other be not so dangerous It is caused through some flux of humours that doe descend from the head to the throte and sometimes it doeth come through euaporations ascending from the stomacke to the throte Bocium the Greekes call it Bronchocelen the Latines call it Hernia gutturis it is a great round tumor in the throte it setleth it selfe between the skin and the sharpe Arterie in the which sometimes grosse flesh is included as it were a kind of humour like vnto hony fatnesse or like to cheese and egges sodden together Tonsillarum inflammatio the inflammation of the Tonsils some doe call them amygdalae the Almonds they are often times inflamed for their places are hotte and moist Those which are most vexed with this euill haue abundance of blood and children and infants which doe sucke through the drawing of the milke sometimes it happeneth to men and women by the drinking of strong wines and through greedie deuouring of meate especially if they bee eager or sharpe sometimes there are vlcerations of the Tonsils which hapneth vnto those that doe abound with vitious humours CHAP. VII Of the affects which are incident vnto the breast and lungs OF the Catarrhe we haue alreadie spoken of in the infirmities of the head Tussis the cough Galen in lib. 1. cap. 2. de symptomatum causis doth affirme that a cold distemper of the instrument of breathing to be the cause of the cough Also a humour distilling from the head to the trachoea arteria and sharpnes onely of the vpper skinne of trachaea arteria going about within doeth prouoke the cough sometimes it is caused through cold or flegme descending vpon the lungs sometimes it happeneth through heate dissoluing the superfluous matter of the braine and so through a catarrhall distillation the cough is excited Asthma is a disease in the which the patient hath difficultie of breathing and it is caused when as grosse and clammie humors in abundance be gotten into the gristles lappats of the lungs or when as there is some swelling like vnto a botch sometimes a pestilent aire and the fumes of quick siluer may be the cause The disease hath a threefold division for first when it is but small and that there is no danger of suffocation at is called Dyspnaea secondly when it doeth grow more vehement and that the patient cannot breath without wheesing or difficultie it is called Asthma thirdly when the patient is not able to lie in his bedde for feare of swounding or suffocating it is
liuer it doth leaue them halfe digested A dry distemper doth make the humours drier and thitker Moist distemper doth make the humors thinne more watery therefore those which haue a weake facultie of the liuer are called Hepatici Obstructio Iecinoris obstruction and stopping of the liuer is caused of vapours windinesse hard to digest somtimes it is caused of grosse and viscous humours in the ends of the veines springing from the flat part of the liuer by which veines nourishment is sent from the stomack and bowels to the liuer Inflammatio Iecinoris Inflammation of the liuer is caused as other inflammations in other members Apostema hepatis the Apostume of the liuer hath a twofold cause as externall and internall external as a fall bruse and such like internal as gluttony indigestion of the stomack weaknes of the vertue digestiue of the liuer humors gathered together in the liuer somtimes it hapneth through inperfect clensing of the gall splene raines and intestines Scirrhus lienis hardnes of the splene it is caused of a certaine humor which cleaueth stubbornly to the splene and sometimes it happeneth after an inflāmation of the splene if it bee not rightly cured Obstructio lienis stoppings of the splene is not caused onely of the weaknesse of the attractiue vertue which is in the splene but also through stopping of the passage by which the dregges of melancholy are deriued from the liuer vnto the splene by which meanes the same vnpure excrements of blood are dispersed into all the parts of the bodie which causeth a kind of corrupt and vnnaturall colour in the whole bodie which doth incline to blacknes and if there be not speedie remedie there doth not onely follow the blacke Iaundes but also that same most dangerous disease called Scorbutus after the which doe follow most dangerous and vncurable vlcers Scorbutus the Scuruie is caused through obstruction of the splene whereby the course and passage of melancholy is hindred which being mingled with the rest of the blood infecteth all the body with vile wasting corruption the grosse part whereof falling downe staineth the legs with spots like vnto the colour of pomgranets and the thinner part being carried vp doth defile the gums with sharp fretting and lothsome growing out of the flesh This very disease is thought to be that which Plinie maketh mention of in lib. 25. of his naturall history calling it stomacaco and sceletyrbe Icteritia the Iaundes which is a sheding of yellow choler or melancholy all ouer the body sometimes there chanceth shedding of choler to the skin the liuer being safe as in the crisis of diseases many times the iaundes is caused doth chance when the blood is corrupted without a Feuer of some externall cause as it falleth out by the biting of some venemous beast Also it may bee caused through inflammation or change of the naturall temperament of the liuer Somtimes it is caused through weaknes of the bladder that receiueth the choler which doth not draw it from the liuer vnto him and so doth leaue the blood vnpure also sometimes it is caused through obstruction and weaknes of the vessells whose mouths are deriued from the gall to the liuer and for that cause cannot draw the cholerick humor Somtimes it is caused through obstruction of the passages that doe goe to the bowels Cacexìa euill state of body which is a waterish disposition of the whole body whereby it waxeth loose and soft it is ingendred for the most part of some long sicknes after the scirrsosyti and hardnes of the liuer and splene Hydrops the dropsie there are 3. kinds of them the first is called Ascites the second Tympanites and the third is called Anasarca yposarca Sarcites and Leucophlegmatia Ascites is when much watery humor is heaped vp betweene the skin or filme called Peritoneum and the bowels Tympanites is when much windines and superfluous vapour is gathered in the aforesaid places of the belly Anasarca is when the humour is dispersed throughout the whole body that all the flesh doth appeare altogether moist and wet like a spunge The dropsie is caused through great coldnes of the liuer or through other parts ouermuch cooled which doth bring the liuer into the same affect The liuer is affected through the splene being cold and by the stomack and the bowels also by the lungs the raines the midrisse also it doth chance through vnmeasurable auoiding of the haemorrhoas or through womās fluxe or retention of the menstrus or through some other great affect of the wombe Some fall into the dropsie after the gout and the great paine called Sciatia and sometimes also the dropsie doth follow the Iaundes but howsoeuer it is the coldnes of the liuer weakenes thereof that doth cause the dropsie CHAP. XII Of the affects of the belly and intestines DIarrhea is a great flux of the womb without exulceration and inflammation It is caused through weaknes of the instruments that serue to digestion also through abundance of nourishment and meat that is moist and viscous and through corrupting of the same meate Moreouer gnawing and biting of those things that are contained in the bellic also flowing of some things from aboue to the belly and also weaknes of the retentiue vertue Lienteria is a certaine lightnes or smoothnes of the bowels or a flux of the belly in which those things that are eaten and drunke are auoided euen in the fame order that they were receiued that is before it be changed or digested it is caused often times through a grieuous flux Dysenteria preceding which causeth deepe exulceration of the bowels also somtimes it is caused through weaknes of the vertue retentiue for being weakned the meates bee neither digested nor distributed but they are cast forth crude moist and nothing changed also somtimes it doth ingender after long flux of the wombe sometimes also when dropsie water is auoided by the bellie Dysenteria is an exulceratiō of the bowels the Latines call it tormina because through it the bowels are tormēted and fretted very much with paine there is ioined with this inflāmation excretiō of bloody matter dreggie the belly and the intestines are vexed with griefe Gordonius saith that it is a bloody flux with excoriation exulceration of the intestines It is caused through exulceration of the bowels also through drinking of naughtie medicines as scamonie and such like also through eating of fruit sower meats or through sharp gnawing humours flowing from the whole body to the belly or ingendered in the belly it selfe Tenasmus is a continuall desire to goe to the stoole or siege which the Patient cannot auoid and yet there is no excrements auoided except it be a little blood or filthie matter like vnto sniuel It is oftentimes caused through cold or sharpe and cholerick humors or salt slegme or impostumation or inflammation ingendred in the rectum intestinum sometimes excrements baked in the blind gutte doe cause