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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n body_n heat_n part_n 2,394 5 4.5956 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A44011 Seven philosophical problems and two propositions of geometry by Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury ; with an apology for himself and his writings. Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. 1682 (1682) Wing H2259; ESTC R28663 37,975 99

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earth_n the_o like_a happen_v to_o a_o man_n body_n or_o hand_n which_o when_o he_o perceive_v he_o say_v he_o be_v hot._n and_o so_o of_o the_o earth_n when_o it_o send_v forth_o water_n and_o earth_n together_o in_o plant_n we_o say_v it_o do_v it_o by_o heat_n from_o the_o sun_n a._n it_o be_v very_o probable_a and_o no_o less_o probable_a that_o the_o same_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v that_o which_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o moist_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o especial_o from_o the_o sea_n fetch_v up_o the_o water_n into_o the_o cloud_n but_o there_o be_v many_o way_n of_o heat_n beside_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o of_o fire_n two_o piece_n of_o wood_n will_v take_v fire_n if_o in_o torning_n they_o be_v press_v together_o b._n here_o again_o you_o have_v a_o manifest_a laceration_n of_o the_o air_n by_o the_o reciprocal_a and_o contrary_a motion_n of_o the_o two_o piece_n of_o wood_n which_o necessary_o cause_v a_o come_n forth_o of_o whatsoever_o be_v aereal_a 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of_o less_o resistance_n as_o out_o of_o glass_n into_o the_o air_n which_o way_n shall_v it_o then_o proceed_v in_o the_o air_n b._n from_o the_o point_n where_o it_o go_v forth_o draw_v a_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o glass_n the_o action_n now_o free_v from_o the_o resistance_n it_o suffer_v will_v go_v from_o that_o perpendicular_a as_o much_o as_o it_o do_v before_o come_v towards_o it_o a._n when_o a_o bullet_n from_o out_o of_o the_o air_n enter_v into_o a_o wall_n of_o earth_n will_v that_o also_o be_v refract_v towards_o the_o perpendicular_a b._n if_o the_o earth_n be_v all_o of_o one_o kind_n it_o will_n for_o the_o parallel_n motion_n will_v there_o also_o at_o
seven_o philosophical_a problem_n and_o two_o proposition_n of_o geometry_n by_o thomas_n hobbes_n of_o malmesbury_n with_o a_o apology_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o write_n dedicate_v to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o year_n 1662._o london_n print_v for_o william_n crook_n at_o the_o green-dragon_n without_o temple-bar_n 1682._o to_o the_o king_n that_o which_o i_o do_v here_o most_o humble_o present_v to_o your_o sacred_a majesty_n be_v the_o best_a part_n of_o my_o meditation_n upon_o the_o natural_a cause_n of_o event_n both_o of_o such_o as_o be_v common_o know_v and_o of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v of_o late_a artificial_o exhibit_v by_o the_o curious_a they_o be_v range_v under_o seven_o head_n 1._o problem_n of_o gravity_n 2._o problem_n of_o tide_n 3._o problem_n of_o vacuum_n 4._o problem_n of_o heat_n 5._o problem_n of_o hard_a and_o soft_a 6._o problem_n of_o wind_n and_o wether_n 7._o problem_n of_o motion_n perpendicular_a and_o oblique_a etc._n etc._n to_o which_o i_o have_v 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america_n and_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o same_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n proceed_v from_o the_o swell_a chief_o of_o the_o water_n there_o and_o partly_o also_o from_o the_o north_n sea_n which_o lie_v also_o east_n and_o west_n and_o have_v a_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o south_n sea_n by_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_n between_o america_n and_o asia_n a._n do_v not_o the_o mediterranean-sea_n lie_v also_o east_n and_o west_n why_o be_v there_o not_o the_o like_a tide_n there_o b._n so_o there_o be_v proportionable_a to_o their_o length_n and_o quantity_n of_o water_n a._n at_o genoa_n at_o ancona_n there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o or_o not_o sensible_a b._n at_o venice_n there_o be_v and_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o straits_n and_o a_o current_a all_o along_o both_o the_o mediterranean-sea_n and_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n and_o it_o be_v the_o current_n that_o make_v the_o tide_n unsensible_a at_o the_o side_n but_o the_o check_n make_v they_o visible_a at_o the_o bottom_n a._n how_o come_v it_o about_o that_o the_o moon_n have_v such_o a_o stroke_n in_o the_o business_n as_o so_o sensible_o to_o increase_v the_o tide_n at_o full_a and_o change_v b._n the_o motion_n i_o have_v hitherto_o suppose_v but_o in_o the_o earth_n i_o suppose_v also_o in_o the_o moon_n and_o in_o all_o those_o great_a body_n that_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n constant_o i_o mean_v the_o star_n both_o fix_v and_o errant_a and_o for_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n i_o suppose_v the_o pole_n of_o their_o motion_n to_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a which_o suppose_v it_o will_v follow_v because_o the_o sun_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o moon_n at_o every_o full_a and_o change_n be_v almost_o in_o one_o straight_a line_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n will_v be_v make_v swift_a than_o in_o the_o quarter_n for_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v communicate_v to_o the_o earth_n that_o have_v already_o the_o like_a motion_n make_v the_o same_o 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make_v the_o like_a motion_n of_o air_n there_o also_o and_o this_o may_v answer_v to_o the_o question_n how_o a_o stone_n can_v fall_v to_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a by_o the_o only_o cast_v off_o of_o air_n b._n it_o follow_v from_o hence_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a and_o determinate_a distance_n of_o one_o of_o these_o body_n the_o star_n from_o another_o without_o any_o very_a sensible_a variation_n a._n all_o this_o be_v probable_a enough_o if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n no_o place_n empty_a in_o all_o the_o world_n and_o suppose_v this_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n to_o be_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o aequinoctial_a methinks_v that_o this_o shall_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o because_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v you_o say_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o aequinoctial_a the_o same_o shall_v cause_v also_o a_o motion_n in_o the_o moon_n on_o her_o own_o centre_n answerable_a to_o the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n b._n why_o not_o what_o else_o can_v you_o think_v make_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o the_o sun_n and_o for_o the_o moon_n if_o it_o do_v not_o turn_v upon_o its_o own_o centre_n we_o shall_v see_v sometime_o one_o sometime_o another_o face_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o we_o do_v not_o chap._n iii_o problem_n of_o vacuum_n what_o convince_a argument_n be_v there_o to_o prove_v that_o in_o all_o the_o world_n there_o be_v no_o empty_a place_n b._n many_o but_o i_o will_v name_v but_o one_o and_o that_o be_v the_o difficulty_n of_o separate_v two_o body_n hard_a and_o flat_o lay_v
one_o upon_o another_o i_o say_v the_o difficulty_n not_o the_o impossibility_n it_o be_v possible_a without_o introduce_v vacuum_n to_o pull_v asunder_o any_o two_o body_n how_o hard_a and_o flat_a soever_o they_o be_v if_o the_o force_n use_v be_v great_a than_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o hardness_n and_o in_o case_n there_o be_v any_o great_a difficulty_n to_o part_v they_o beside_o what_o proceed_v from_o their_o hardness_n then_o there_o be_v to_o pull_v they_o further_o asunder_o when_o they_o be_v part_v that_o difficulty_n be_v argument_n enough_o to_o prove_v there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n a._n these_o assertion_n need_v demonstration_n and_o first_o how_o do_v the_o difficulty_n of_o separation_n argue_v the_o plenitude_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n b._n if_o two_o flat_a polish_a marble_n lie_v one_o upon_o another_o you_o see_v they_o be_v hardly_o separate_v in_o all_o point_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o instant_n and_o yet_o the_o weight_n of_o either_o of_o they_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o make_v they_o slide_v off_o one_o from_o the_o other_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o that_o the_o air_n succeed_v the_o marble_n that_o so_o slide_v and_o fill_v up_o the_o place_n it_o leave_v a._n yes_o certain_o what_o then_o b._n but_o when_o you_o pull_v the_o whole_a superficies_n asunder_o not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o difficulty_n a._n i_o think_v as_o most_o man_n do_v that_o the_o air_n can_v fill_v up_o the_o space_n between_o in_o a_o instant_n for_o the_o part_n be_v in_o a_o instant_n b._n suppose_v there_o be_v vacuum_n in_o that_o air_n into_o which_o the_o marble_n you_o pull_v off_o be_v to_o succeed_v shall_v there_o be_v no_o vacuum_n in_o the_o air_n that_o be_v round_o about_o the_o two_o marble_n when_o they_o touch_v why_o can_v that_o vacuum_n come_v into_o the_o place_n between_o air_n can_v succeed_v in_o a_o instant_n because_o a_o body_n and_o consequent_o can_v be_v 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marble_n yet_o you_o can_v pull_v they_o asunder_o but_o how_o still_o as_o you_o pull_v the_o wax_n grow_v continual_o more_o and_o more_o slender_a there_o be_v a_o perpetual_a part_n or_o discession_n of_o the_o outermost_a part_n of_o the_o wax_n one_o from_o another_o which_o the_o air_n present_o fill_v and_o so_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a lessen_v of_o the_o wax_n till_o it_o be_v no_o big_a than_o a_o hair_n and_o at_o last_o separation_n if_o you_o can_v do_v the_o same_o to_o a_o pillar_n of_o marble_n till_o the_o outside_n give_v way_n the_o effect_n will_v be_v the_o same_o but_o much_o quick_a after_o it_o once_o begin_v to_o break_v in_o the_o superficies_n because_o the_o force_n that_o can_v master_v the_o first_o resistance_n of_o the_o hardness_n will_v quick_o dispatch_v the_o rest_n a._n it_o seem_v so_o by_o the_o brittleness_n of_o some_o hard_a body_n but_o i_o shall_v afterward_o put_v some_o question_n to_o you_o touch_v the_o nature_n of_o hardness_n but_o now_o to_o return_v to_o our_o subject_n what_o reason_n can_v you_o render_v without_o suppose_v vacuum_n of_o the_o effect_n produce_v in_o the_o engine_n they_o use_v at_o gresham_n college_n b._n that_o engine_n produce_v the_o same_o effect_n that_o a_o strong_a wind_n will_v produce_v in_o a_o narrow_a room_n a._n how_o come_v the_o wind_n in_o you_o know_v the_o engine_n be_v a_o hollow_a round_a pipe_n of_o brass_n into_o which_o be_v thrust_v a_o cylinder_n of_o wood_n cover_v with_o leather_n and_o fit_v to_o the_o cylinder_n so_o exact_o as_o no_o air_n can_v possible_o pass_v between_o the_o leather_n and_o the_o brass_n b._n i_o know_v it_o and_o that_o they_o may_v thrust_v it_o up_o there_o be_v a_o hole_n leave_v in_o the_o cylinder_n to_o let_v the_o air_n out_o before_o it_o which_o they_o can_v stop_v when_o they_o please_v there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n a_o passage_n into_o a_o hollow_a globe_n of_o glass_n which_o passage_n they_o can_v also_o open_a and_o shut_v at_o pleasure_n and_o at_o the_o top_n of_o that_o globe_n there_o be_v a_o wide_a mouth_n to_o put_v in_o what_o they_o please_v to_o try_v conclusion_n on_o and_o that_o also_o to_o be_v open_v and_o shut_v as_o shall_v be_v needful_a it_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o pop-gun_n which_o child_n use_v but_o great_a costly_a and_o more_o ingenious_a they_o thrust_v forward_o and_o pull_v back_o the_o wooden_a cylinder_n because_o it_o require_v much_o strength_n with_o a_o iron_n screw_v what_o be_v there_o in_o all_o this_o to_o prove_v the_o possibility_n of_o vacuum_n a._n when_o this_o wooden_a cylinder_n cover_v with_o leather_n fit_a and_o close_o be_v thrust_v home_o to_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o hole_n in_o the_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o brass_n close_o stop_v how_o can_v it_o be_v draw_v back_o as_o with_o the_o screw_n they_o draw_v it_o but_o that_o the_o space_n it_o leave_v must_v needs_o be_v empty_a for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o air_n can_v pass_v into_o the_o place_n to_o fill_v it_o b._n true_o i_o think_v it_o close_o enough_o to_o keep_v out_o straw_n and_o feather_n but_o not_o to_o keep_v out_o air_n nor_o yet_o matter_n for_o suppose_v they_o be_v not_o so_o exact_o close_a but_o that_o there_o be_v round_o about_o a_o distance_n for_o a_o small_a hair_n to_o lie_v between_o then_o will_v the_o pull_v back_o of_o the_o cylinder_n of_o wood_n force_v so_o much_o air_n in_o as_o in_o retire_v it_o force_v back_o and_o that_o without_o any_o sensible_a difficulty_n and_o the_o air_n will_v so_o much_o more_o swift_o enter_v as_o the_o passage_n be_v leave_v more_o narrow_a or_o if_o they_o touch_v and_o the_o contract_n be_v in_o some_o point_n and_o not_o in_o all_o the_o air_n will_v enter_v as_o before_o in_o case_n the_o force_n be_v augment_v according_o last_o though_o they_o touch_v exact_o if_o either_o the_o leather_n yield_v or_o the_o brass_n which_o it_o may_v do_v to_o the_o force_n of_o a_o strong_a screw_n the_o air_n will_v again_o enter_v do_v you_o think_v it_o possible_a to_o make_v two_o superficies_n so_o exquisite_o touch_v in_o all_o point_n as_o you_o suppose_v or_o leather_n so_o hard_o as_o not_o to_o yield_v to_o the_o force_n of_o a_o screw_n the_o body_n of_o leather_n will_v give_v passage_n both_o to_o air_n and_o water_n as_o you_o will_v confess_v when_o you_o ride_v in_o rainy_n and_o windy_a weather_n you_o may_v therefore_o be_v assure_v that_o in_o draw_v out_o their_o wooden-leather_n cylinder_n they_o force_v in_o as_o much_o air_n as_o will_v fill_v the_o place_n it_o leave_v and_o that_o with_o as_o much_o swiftness_n as_o be_v answerable_a to_o the_o strength_n that_o drive_v it_o in_o the_o effect_n therefore_o of_o their_o pump_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o vehement_a wind_n a_o very_a vehement_a wind_n come_v in_o on_o all_o side_n of_o the_o cylinder_n at_o once_o into_o the_o hollow_a of_o the_o brass_n pipe_n and_o into_o the_o hollow_a of_o the_o glass_n globe_n join_v to_o it_o a._n i_o see_v the_o reason_n already_o of_o one_o of_o their_o wonder_n which_o be_v that_o the_o cylinder_n they_o pump_v with_o if_o it_o be_v leave_v to_o itself_o after_o it_o be_v pull_v back_o will_v swift_o go_v up_o again_o you_o will_v say_v the_o air_n come_v out_o again_o with_o the_o same_o violence_n by_o reflection_n and_o i_o believe_v it_o b._n this_o be_v argument_n enough_o that_o the_o place_n be_v not_o empty_a for_o what_o can_v fetch_v or_o drive_v up_o the_o sucker_n as_o they_o call_v it_o if_o the_o place_n within_o be_v empty_a for_o that_o there_o be_v any_o weight_n in_o the_o air_n to_o do_v it_o i_o have_v already_o
as_o we_o have_v suppose_v always_o cast_v off_o the_o air_n and_o the_o earth_n likewise_o cast_v it_o off_o from_o its_o self_n there_o must_v needs_o on_o both_o side_n be_v a_o great_a stream_n of_o air_n towards_o the_o pole_n shave_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n in_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a climate_n this_o shave_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n by_o the_o stream_n of_o air_n must_v needs_o contract_v and_o make_v to_o shrink_v those_o little_a circle_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o earth_n and_o water_n and_o consequent_o harden_n they_o first_o at_o the_o superficies_n into_o a_o thin_a skin_n which_o be_v the_o first_o ice_n and_o afterward_o the_o same_o motion_n continue_v and_o the_o first_o ice_n cooperate_a the_o ice_n become_v thick_a and_o this_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o freeze_a of_o the_o ocean_n a._n if_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n i_o need_v not_o ask_v how_o a_o bottle_n of_o water_n be_v make_v to_o frieze_n in_o warm_a weather_n with_o snow_n or_o ice_n mingle_v with_o salt_n for_o when_o the_o bottle_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o the_o wind_n that_o go_v out_o both_o of_o the_o salt_n and_o of_o the_o ice_n as_o they_o dissolve_v must_v needs_o shave_v the_o superficies_n of_o the_o bottle_n and_o the_o bottle_n work_v according_o on_o the_o water_n without_o it_o and_o so_o give_v it_o first_o a_o thin_a skin_n and_o at_o last_o thicken_v it_o into_o a_o solid_a piece_n of_o ice_n but_o how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o water_n do_v not_o use_v to_o frieze_n in_o a_o deep_a pit_n b._n a_o deep_a pit_n be_v a_o very_a thick_a bottle_n and_o such_o as_o the_o air_n can_v come_v at_o but_o only_o at_o the_o top_n or_o where_o the_o earth_n be_v very_o loose_a and_o spongy_a a._n why_o will_v not_o wine_n freeze_v as_o well_o as_o water_n b._n so_o it_o will_v when_o the_o frost_n be_v great_a enough_o but_o the_o internal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o heat_n liquor_n be_v in_o great_a circle_n and_o strong_a than_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o water_n and_o therefore_o less_o easy_o to_o be_v freeze_v especal_o quite_o through_o because_o those_o part_n that_o have_v the_o strong_a motion_n retire_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o vessel_n chap._n vi_o problem_n of_o rain_n wind_n and_o other_o wether_n a._n what_o be_v the_o original_a cause_n of_o rain_n and_o how_o be_v it_o generate_v b._n the_o motion_n of_o the_o air_n such_o as_o i_o have_v describe_v to_o you_o already_o tend_v to_o the_o dis-union_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o air_n must_v needs_o cause_v a_o continual_a endeavour_n there_o be_v no_o possibility_n of_o vacuum_n of_o whatsoever_o fluid_a part_n there_o be_v upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n to_o supply_v the_o place_n which_o will_v else_o be_v empty_a this_o make_v the_o water_n and_o also_o very_o small_a and_o loose_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o sea_n to_o rise_v and_o mingle_v themselves_o with_o the_o air_n and_o to_o become_v miss_v and_o cloud_n of_o which_o the_o great_a quantity_n arise_v there_o where_o there_o be_v most_o water_n namely_o from_o the_o large_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n which_o be_v the_o south_n sea_n the_o indian_a sea_n and_o the_o sea_n that_o divide_v europe_n and_o africa_n from_o america_n over_o which_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v perpendicular_a and_o consequent_o raise_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o water_n which_o afterward_o gather_v into_o cloud_n fall_v down_o in_o rain_n a._n if_o the_o sun_n can_v thus_o draw_v up_o the_o water_n though_o but_o in_o small_a drop_n why_o can_v it_o not_o as_o easy_o hold_v it_o up_o b._n it_o be_v likely_a it_o will_v also_o hold_v they_o up_o if_o they_o do_v not_o grow_v great_a by_o meet_v together_o nor_o be_v carry_v away_o by_o the_o air_n towards_o the_o pole_n a._n what_o make_v they_o gather_v together_o b._n it_o be_v not_o 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