of the Balâ—om and Mercury of life and that of Helmont making it an Imparity of one part of the Archeus that thereby is affected with Wrath and Indignation Because they seem altogether enigmatical vain bring more obscurity then light to this dark Subject therefore we leave them both Next follows the Opinion of that Hero in Medicine Sylvius who has placed the Pathognomick signe of a Fever in the Pulse preternaturaly frequent having conjoyned therewith Trouble Pain or the blemish of any function requisite for the felicity and ease of Life The cause whereof which makes to him the Essence of Fevers is either first a too great and Permanent Rarefaction of the Blood made by a violent Heat breaking out of the Effervescence of the Blood Or secondly any Acrimonius Acide Lixivial or Muriatique salt carried thorow the Veins together with the Blood and gnawing the Parenchyma of the Heart or thirdly any flatulent halitous Matter brought with the Blood to the Heart and augmenting the expansion thereof Fourthly any sharp or hard thing in the Pericardium or other wayes externally grating upon the Heart This Great-Man to whom Medicine this day is much indebted as being the first that clearly discovered the Errors and Dilusions of the Schools has also found out a more efficatious and sure practice in many Diseases Yet he there being none able for all things has fallen into some Errors of Theory about his triumvirat Humor and the effervescence of these Humors in the Intestines and Heart and about the motion of the Bile towards the Heart All which subsequent and more acurate anatomical Inspection having found to be otherwayes his Hypothesis of Fevers being established upon these must necessarly fall Yet these that reject this his Theory do imbrace his Practice in the Cure of Fevers In the last place follows the Opinion of Barbet placing a Fever in the circulation of the Blood increased which Opinion since it seems directly contrary to what we think most probable with the confirmation then thereof it will necessarly of it self evanish SECT VII Containing a New and Mechanical Hypothesis of the Essence of Fevers with the cause efficient and occasional of the frequency of the Pulse and that matterial or occasional cause also farther Mechanically traced IT seems very probable that all the Physicians holding the former Opinions have Erred and the Fountain of all their mistakes appears to be that fundamental error as the acurate Bontikoe observes that they took the immediate efficient cause of the motion of the heart to be the blood and that the frequent motion thereof and the Arteries did alwayes depend upon some alteration of that blood but that this must be otherwayes seems plain because the Heart of some Animals being cut out when they are alive and holden in the hand will beat a long time without a drop of Blood So the motion of the Heart seems not to depend on the Blood but on some other cause perhaps on the influx of the animal Spirits proceeding from the Brain by the remainder whereof inviscate in the Heart the motion seems to be continued after the separation thereof from the Body The next fundamental Error and observed likewayes by the same Author seems to be that they esteemed the intension of Heat alwayes to depend on the rapide efflux or circulation of the Blood and that it was both a sign and effect thereof The contracy of which appears by an Inflamation or Tumour where the Member affected is vexed with a great Heat and kind of Fever which is oft times communicate to the whole Body and here it is clear that the Blood is rather stagnant then swiftly moved and the Fever that is communicate from the Inflamation certainly shewing a near resemblance betwixt them perswades that a certain degree of Incrassation from this Fountain of Co-agulation And accompanied also with a frequent Pulse does affect the Blood as the Ignorance then of the concurring occasional cause of that frequency of the Pulse gave rise to all the Errors about this subject so the bringing to Light the true cause thereof will make all these Errors evanish For clearing then of this it is to be considered that the Body of Man being a curious Machine the motion wherewith it is enâ—ueâ— like other Machines as it has an efficient cause so it has a final cause thereof And in respect the final cause is alwayes the reason of placing the efficient cause and that the Idea thereof is still in the mind of the Architeck before the Idea of the efficient This makes the Idea of the efficient to be alwayes shaped subservient to the Idea of the final Cause And must also make the structure of the efficient in the Fabrick of the machine to be moulded to that final Cause likewise instructed qualified Suitable to attain the end of the motion that is to say that it may have a faculty of Intension and Remission to be regulate and moderate according to the exigence and necessity of the final to be productive of the end of its being put there At least in so far as the Contrivance of a Mechanism will go As in a Watch whose Spring is so contrived that it may be Bended or Slackned for attaining the end of its motion And it seems also probable that in every motion in Nature it s only the end that both puts the Efficient and sets it a going and therefore it must be still by that end that the motion must be regulate Hightned or diminished As it is seen when Mariners do exercise the Pump of the Ship it s alwayes with respect to the breaking in of Water at the Leaks Which being in great quantity does excite to frequent and vigorous Pumping to save the Ship Much after the same manner it seemes probable that this motion of the Heart which is nothing but a Pump designed to lay in the alimentitious Juice and so has for its end a proportionable proportional reparation of the functions and parts suitable to their Consumptsion and Waste And that by the sending to them throw the Channels of the Arteries the arterial Blood which is to be dispersed in such quantity and time as may answer to the reparation of their Consumptsion and Waste The Body consisting which seemes to deny it all consistance in a continual Flux and succession of new parts coming in place of the old that are wasted like a River which has nothing Identitious but the Channel And so this final cause would seem to require an efficient whither that be the first Impellent the Archeus or Spirits indued with a capacity and aptitude not only to continue but also to incite and quicken this motion according to the exigence of the final as when the Intervention of any stops or Impediments of the motions of the Blood does Interveen to overcome which its necessarie that the efficient of the motion be bended to Superate these stops and gain t is
the small channels and conduites betwixt the Arteries veins In which passage for the most part it depositates its nutritious parts or particles So it is very probable that slowness of the bloods motion to overcome which the heart excites frequent pulses doth for the most part proceed either from the number or magnitude of these Globules augmented or some viâ—iation of their spherical figure as their scabricity and the like Or further thorow the viscidity of the serum into which as a vehicle they swim and are carried And thô from any of these alone this slowness of the blood may clearly proceed yet it is certain that the ingemination and complication of these causes rendring the groseness of the Blood more intense may also render the slowness of its motion more contumacious To conclude then as by this scheme here laid down seemes indeed may be given pretty clearly both a rational discovery a Mechanical solution of the nature phenomena of Fevers so it appears that former explications thereof having raised so many fumy efferveseences and turbid fermentations concerning them could never yet bring the matter to a digested pellucide and defecat conclusion but having clouded the eyes with the mist of â—iry phantasmes still left the mind boiling and working in the tumult of commotion doubt and difficulty SECT VIII Shewing that the Heat in Fevers is the â—ffect of the slow Motion of the Blood And how Heat is made may be consistent with that slowness SInce by what is said the rapid Circulation of the Blood in Fevers seems to be overturned And that the rapid motion thereof was the only adequate Reason commonly given to solve the Phaenomenon of Heat in Fevers Because swift and violent motions used often times to produce Heat in Bodies althô we perceive motion to produce Heat in no bodys but where it is acompanied with grating and grinding of hard solid parts on upon another but never in fluids and so we find the violent motion of the Body produces Heat therein by the atâ—rition which the Museules make on themselves and the adjacent parts Which also produces a thickness of the Blood and in consequence slackens its motion It remains to inquire to what parent this off spring of Intenss and Feverish Heat can be most properly legitimate The inquiry into this Phaenomenon may not only discover how Heat is made but will perhaps also further establish the Hipothesis of Fevers already laid down For if we take a view and find that all these things which as external causes bring Imoderate Heat that the same do bring on a pace with them thickness and crassness of the Blood Which is necessarly followed with the slowness of its motion And so to supply the parts with proportionable reparation suitable to the waste that is made the Acceleration is stimulated and frequent pulses are excited in proportion to that thickness and slowness of the Blood as it falls out in vehement motions of Body and Minde Great and long heat of the Sun and fire the excessive abuse of strong Liquors and in perspiration impeded c. In the vehement motion of the Body beside the above mentioned grateing of the muscles upon one another and upon the parts adjacent exciting heat there is also such a waste of spirits and particles of the Blood and humours which in motion do exhale that to make proportionable supply and refocillation with the arterial blood the heart is made to mend its pace As also that copious eruption of exhalations which sometimes comes to the degree of sweat leaving the Blood and Humors more gross and thickned must necessarily also increase the slowness of its motion which therefore crave greater and repeated force to squeeze it forward into these narrow Channels And so from all these circumstances in violent motion there is raised a paroxisme as to Heat and Pulse altogether resembling a Fever Which is muâ—h after the same manner also produced by all the rest of external causes exciting Heat but with this difference that the Heat coming from the abuse of spirituous Liquors as apears by the Spirit of Wine which being poured upon Blood doth immediately co-agulate the same comes from their immediate incrassating and coagulating effect upon the Blood Which Incrassation has likewayes and for the same cause that stimulating effect upon the Heart And how stopt perspiration produces Heat shall be in its due place shown Whence we may conclude that all Intense Heat grivous to the Body is the genuin effect of the grosness of the Blood as it is clear by the contemplation of the Community of the Causes and the Community of the Phoenomena Natural and Practical belonging to both and shall afterward more fully be shown Having thus far premised It remains to clear how this Thickness and Grossness of the Blood produces also intense Heat And that the same Heat does not establish but rather evert both the Effervessence of the Blood and the swiftness of that motion thereof by some called the circulation and by others the circuit of the Blood In prosecution whereof it is to be noticed that in the natural state of Health the Heat is more strong and veget then in the valetudinary state where it is fretting and with trouble felt For in the state of Health the Rayes of Heat now whither or not these be thickly compacted together troops of Spirits it seems not worth the while to contend these Rayes I say do chearfully and pleasantly glide with the arterial Blood throw the Channels of the Arteries in a fluid sequacious and yeilding enough and by passages open sufficiently toward all the Bowels Organs and Habit of the Body for their refoccilation in which for the most part they are consumed And so from the continual efflux of these Rayes chearfully accomplshed does result the faelicity and ease of Life and integrity of the functions of the Oeconomy But in the state of sickness and cheifly in the heat of Fevers these rayes or Companies of Spirits flowing throw a viseuous crass-medium such as the arterial Blood then is and also approaching the narrow Channels of the arteries partly obstructed and partly beset with scabricity by means of this viscous Blood these rayes I say must undoubtedly in there passage throw that viscid and unequal Medium suffer refraction And in their approach to the extremities of the arteries thus obstructed or vitiated they must suffer Reflection or Collision Such modifications then of the rayes of heat seeme likely to produce the same effect on the sense that the like modifications of the rayes of Light and of Sight do It being known that the diversity or inequality of the medium throw which these pass and by which they are refracted Or the variety of the superficial textures on which these inciding are therefrom also reflected doth occasion Impressions on the organe of Sight whereby the object is represented either some way depraved or greater or more multiplied then it
of the Cathartick with its force power as only sufficient to intercept and divert the Enemies Provision and Forrage from this Coast. But farther to evince the security utility yea necessity of this Auxiliarie of Nature in this Intestine War it 's to be considered that this Method of our Author is not only exactly adapted to the Concatenation and Complication of causes making and â—omenting this War but thereby all the Auxiliaries are drawn up and planted in that Order and Battalion Form that each of them does both back and make good each others assault And bridle and restrain their Depradation Ravageries and Exorbitancies For the Cathartick and Paregorick Forces charging the Enemie severally and alone instead of Auxiliaries often prove Depredatory So then in the first place comes Phlebotomy whereof the proper direct effect is not more to be considered then the Respective preparative relation it has to the cathartick often times to be given on the back of it comes to be remarked Which in that order administred as it operats gently and without tumult So does it more efficaciously then being administrat otherwayes And this as it is observed by the most famous Silvius is comunicat as a remarke very useful in Practise And thô there can be no such pâ—rswasive Arguments for this as experience Yet for satisfaction of the curious inquirer of the reason thereof that they may have an adequat idea of the Phenomenon perhaps also bringing light as well in other cases as this I shal make this essay to give a reason therefore It seemes probable that all tumult and commotion in the Body with anxieties and trouble accompanying it has its rise from the complication of thir causes and according to their Intension or remission is more or less viz. From the energie of the Impellent faculty or explosion of the Spirits exciting frustraneous Essayes to pass themselves throw their Medium or to carry matter throw proper passages destinate for that end and these Essayes are frustraneous either because of indisposition and inaptitude of the matter throw viscosity or grosness Or because of the closness or Scabricity of the passages And so these explosive motions of the Spirits terminate in collisions repercussions irksome touches of themselves Or of that moveable matter upon the Walls and Fibres of the Vessels and Bowels inducing therein Irritations spasms anxieties and troublesome sense some being affected principally some by consent in which tumultuating state the Functions deprived of their due Incomes and Recruites do also languish and consequently become lank in their office So then on the approach of the Adventitious irritating and stimulating force of the Cathartick either under a present Orgasme thorow the foresaid cause or under a Disposition or Proclivity thereunto there must necessarly a Tumult arise or one already begun be heightned there being so much of an additional cause put as the Commotion of the remainder of the crude humors stirred up by the Purgative which being thereby somewhat atenuate are easily carried into the Blood and do by their viscosity and grosâ—ness which makes their unaptitude to go throw the small Channels and Vessels stop and close these Channels But by Venesection the Obstructions as was shown being much resolved and the course of the Blood in a manner restored these Spirits incitat and irritate by the Purgative enjoying a free course throw a pure medium do excite no tumults also these particles of commoved matter meeting with a brisk motion of the Blood patent channels are soon dissipate scattered and expelled by perspiration insensible And the Benefit of Connecting immediatly togeâ—her Phlebotomie and Catharticks in Fevers has been the succesful Practise of many famous antient Authors yet none thereof adverted the beneficial use of the Paregorick after the Cathartick as Riverius in his Practise of medicine Lib xvi Of the pestilent Fever chap 1. In that most cruel Fever that raged at Montpelier which took away the half of these that were infected therewith althô the sick People had the eruption of parotides were brought to extreme weakness yet he induced with the unsuccesfulneâ—s of all other Methods Cured them with Bleeding and Purging So that none that were so treated by him died And Sylvius Delaboe that deservedly to this day famous professor Practitioner of Medicine at Leyden does in the first Book of his practise Chap 29. Institute his Cure yea of Burning Fevers with Blooding and purging the purge to be given even within an hour after the Blooding And he appoints both to be reiterated till the Fever become much thereby subdued And Donckers that Famous Practitioner in Cologne in his treatise of the Petechial Fever which is the same with a Malignant Fever does follow much the same Method begining with Purging Bleeding in that Fever and gives with all this Practical Caution in the use of Purgatives that especialy to these whose Constitutions and Strength are not known they be administred not in one whole Dose but in partited Doses For a larger quantity that way given will have a more mild and a far more effectual operation then a less quantity by the third given at one Dose will have But above all which I have yet observed to contribute to the secure effectual present operation of Catharticks in Fevers there is nothing to be compared to volatile Salts with which the Doses given to Febricitants being well imbued The anxieties tumults and faintings Using to arise during the time of the operation are extraordinatly checked and supressed But yet if by the present disposition of the Body there be such a proclivity to Orgasmes and Anxieties in the time of the operation That these volatiles given in this manner are not sufficient to Bridle them It may be surely as I have frequently observed and to great surprize as it were like an Inchantment done by the reiterated administration of these volatiles at that time in a convenient vehicle Which has seldome or never been observed to faill of the designed effect And makes the purgative absolve its operation without any troublesome or hurtful symptome And the reason of thir effects seemes to be by the intimately commixing the Volatile Salt with the Cathartiek or the Superadding it so that wherever the Cathartick coming exerts its stimulating force and operation with uneasieness it is attended also with the opening and atenuating efficacie of the volatile making its operation easie SECT XIII The benefit and season of using Paregoricques in Fevers and there Diaphoretique vertue comended and the danger of other Diaphoretiques with a doubt from the Author Sydenham's Constitutions of years answered and this Method shown to be common to all Constitutions BUT at length when the Fewel or matter being the antecedent cause of the disease is so plentifull and Contumacious that being only raked up troubled by the Purgative it therefore does send into the Blood more crudities and viscosities then the Motion
usual weight all the four Seasons of the year 26 The increase of weight is alwayes in the beginning of Autumn and the diminution thereof in the beginning of Summer and there is more danger in the increase than in the diminution 27 Air too moist or windie hinders Perspiration SECT III. Of Aliments Meat and Drink 1. ALiments that make the Body heavy are such as are taken copiously or such as are difficult to digest and these that keep the Body light are such as we are accustomed to and such as are easily evaporated 2. A full and a void Stomack both divert Perspiration the full Stomack by Corruption of the Meat and the void Stomack attracts it that it may be filled 3. Robust Persons do discuss too great plenty of Meat eaten by Perspiration less robust Persons by Vrine but weak Persons turn the Chyle into Corruption 4 If the usual Super be intermitted the Stomack being empty the perspirable Matter is both retained and becomes acrimonious so the Body is disposed to hot Diseases 5. Unusual abstinence from Aliment does sometime hurt 6. The use of Swines flesh especially dried in the smoak hinders Perspiration 7. That kind of Meat perspires best whose weight is least found in the Stomack for where there is a difficulty of Digestion there is also a difficulty of Perspiration 8. That Meat gives the best Perspiration whose Excrements come away consistent and solid 9. The time when the Body has lest Perspiration is when the Body is full of Meat especially of variety 10. Drinking of water hinders insensible perspiration but advances sensible 11. To eat presently after immoderat exercise of Body or Mind is hurtful 12 Eating and Drinking copiously doth oftentimes obtund the Acrimony of the perspirable Matter retained and does hide the infirmities of the inward parts which oftentimes upon abstinence or purging of these Bodies does break out 13. Meat that easily perspires though of small nourishment doth better repair the strength decayed by too muâ—h venery than Meat of greater nourishment but of difficult perspiration 14 Onions Garlick Wedder Mutton and Phesants flesh but especially the Cyreniack juice help the perspiration of Meats that are difficult to perspire 15. Meat very little in quantity not being imbraced by the Stomach neither digests nor restores the Body nor perspires well 16 Insensible perspiration is the excrement of the third Concoction so that the first not being perfected the third cannot be accomplished 17. The corruption of Meat makes weariness because it diverts perspiration and this corruption is known by a Celiack Flux by which the Meat comes away with the excrements undigested 18. The Coldness and Clamminess of the juice of Cucumbers is kept in the Veins And other unwholsome juices thô of easy concoction by obstructing perspiration cause Malignant Fevers 19. None will fall into a disease if they be careful to provide against the heaping up of Crudities 20. The Supper taken with the mind troubled does not digest 21. To drink betwixt the Dinner and Supper is hurtful but if so much the drink be less at Supper the hurt is diminished 22. An uniform Dyet wants the benefit of one that exceeds sometimes twice or thrice a Moneth for the Expultrix faculty being stirred up by the redundancy excites so great a perspiration as without the Statickes none would beleive 23. In a cold Body Hony nourishes and perspires well but in a hot turning to Bile it hurts 24. There is nothing that hurts perspiration more than to drink when the Chyle is making in the Stomack SECT IIII. Of Sleeping and Waking 1. THE perspiration in Sleep accompanied with sweeting is no more than it use to be without it 2. In quiet Sleep there is a greater perspâ—ration than in violent Exercises 3. A weariness after Sleep is a signe that the Body is of greater weight than the Body can long bear 4. Perspiration is more impeded in Sleep by a Southerly cold Air than it is hindered in those that are awake by the greatest cold 5. Those that go to Bed with the Stomack empty perspires less by a third than they would do otherways 6. Sleep is most proper four hours after Meat for them the first concoction is near absolved and perspiration succeeds best 7 When the sleep is shorter then the usual there is something of perspirable matter retained which unless it be expelled afterward puts them in hazard of a Fever 8. Streaching of the Joynts after sleep is made by the plenty of perspirable matter well prepaâ—ed for expulsion So there is more perspired in half an hour then than in three houres at another time 9. Those that give to sick People Medicines two hours after sleep which is the season of most plentiful perspiration does rather hurt then help them 10. If there be any thing of the last dayes perspirable matter remaining and that be not excerned by an afternoons slâ—ep after that sleep the head is affected with a weighty pain 11. If four hours after the begining of sleep the Meat corrupt in the Stomack then is perspiration stopt and watching succeeds 12. There is no reason that oftner makes watching than the corruption of the Meat in the stomach 13. Sleep is more profitable in the Winter than in Summer For in the Winter by the dawning of the day the Body becomes more warm and perspires better than it does in the Summer 14. A little of any generous Wine or of Garlick procures sleep and perspiration but too much of either of them hinders it and causes sweating SECT V. Of Exercise and Rest. 1. In violent motion the perspiration is for the most part of crude and inconeocted juices 2. Sweat is alwayes from a violent cause and hinders due perspiration 3. The Body perspires more in rest then when it is oft turned from side to side by frequent agitation 4. In a long jurney those that are chearful or angrie weary least 5. Exercise after the seventh unto the twelth hour from taking Meat resolves more in the space of an hour than three hours of another time does 6. Rest disposes Bodies extraordinarly to perspiration yet long rest makes sick Bodies heavier which fomenting their sickness brings death 7. Pains of the Feet coming from long lying are cured by walking but these that come by much walking are cured by rest 8. The exercise of the Body evacuats sensible Excrements but that of the mind insensible ones 9 By too much exercise the Excrements of the first and second Concoction are eliminate by the superfice of the Body which binds the Belly 10. Continual exercise of both Body and mind makes Bodies lighter brings quickly old Age and untimely Death 11. Violent exercise in Bodies filled with crude Juices evacuates less than usual of sensible Excrements but of the insensible almost nothing 12. In sleep the Body perspires more than in exercise and thereby the Belly is also made soluble 13. Frictions and Cupping Glasses in those filled with crude Juices hinder
matter and this seemes a case altogether beyond Art to repair Or its Fault is dependent and that is either when its Energie is augmented as when the Humours or Organs do not yield to its due Impulse then to attaine its end it adds more force Which often making the motion to be propagated beside the designe terminates in Collisions and Reflections As if the Impellent were affected with Fury or Anger As is seen in Convulsions and Histerick Affects and in Fevers Or the Impellent may be vitiated by its Energie diminished as when it is stupified and Inviscat by gross Humores as is seen in many Chronick Affects The Aptitude of the moveable matter in the solid parts is vitiate by their rigidity which depends upon gross Humors that fill up their Fibres or their Junctures or Hinges upon which in their motion they are turned the fault in the liquide parts such as the Humors whither Alimentitious or Excrementitious depends upon there grosness or viscosity also which soon begets slowness Imprinting a blemish upon the functions eluding the end of the oeconomy Notwithstanding the Incitation of the Impellent and its outmost Effort to attain the end of the oeconomy The faults of the Channels Vessells consists either in their straitning obstructing or Scabricity Which alwayes depend unless when they are from an external and compressing Cause upon the same grosness of Humors stuffing their Chanells Coats or Fibres So the fundamental cause of most if not all Diseases seemes to be the grosness of the Humores causing their slowness making soon bad Impressions upon the functions To overcome which providing the Impellent be veget and not Inviscat it stirs up struglings whence comes Orgasimes Reflections other depravations of motion as consequential to the attemps for obtaining the due measures of its motion Now from this Easie Obvious Hypothesis the Nature of Fevers is here clearly enucleat whilst Authors feign many Chimerical Phantasmes to explain the Phaenomena by which they become rather the more Intricat It seemes likewayes not improbable that the moveable fluide Matter being deprived of its due motion acquires various Configurations of its minute parts which make it troublesome to the Fibres or Channels of the Vessels and this seems withal to be the Immediat Material cause of many Depravations of motion such as Refractions Reflections and Collision raised by the incitation of the Impellent and so from the complication of these the varietie of symptoms and the indefinite multitude of Diseases is begotten And even as that motion of the blood commonly called Circulation or Circuit of the blood did strangelie ly in the dark for many Ages and was with difficultie received by many because which was often brought to its reproach that although it seemed to illustrate the Theorie of Medicine yet it made no improvement in the practice thereof so now that noble invention will not only be delivered from that reproach but will be yet further imbellished if we can evince this motion of the blood vitiated viz. its slowness depending upon grosness to be if not of most diseases yet the nearest and continent cause of continual Fevers And moreover if it can be shown of what Concatenation or Complication of causes this nearest cause by order or congress is fomented how many fruitful solid indications altogether formerly in the dark may there be drawn from thence especiallie seing we may be furnished with sufficient means to satisfie these indications that either by the correction intercepting or eradicating of those causes being distinctlie known And so I have expede this method of the famous Sydenham Theoretically and Practically with as much Brevitie and Perspicuitie as I could but with what fruit or fate I know not but if this essay be received with the same Ingenuitie it is offered if it do not reach to the full design it will at least as is hoped be favourablie constructed For many may run at a prize but only one enjoyes it And amongst all that have attempted to make discoveries none has been so happy as to discover all but one has found out one thing and another an other thing And Chance rather than Art hath led many Searchers beyond their Intensions to discover notable things Some whereof may bring light and other some may bring Fruit to medicine out of which the succeeding Ages by a prudent choice may perhaps gather materialls to compile a more solide Systeme especially of Practical medicine then is yet extant To which whither or not this attempt may contribute any thing let others judge but not these that by their precipitant sentences against this method have made themselves parties in this Plea If no other advantage come of this design this at least I hope may be the effect of it that as the barking of the little Dogs raises the courage of the great ones so these aimes may rouse to the more profound diving into the sublime and obscure Nature of Fevers these Quibus ex meliori luto finxit praecordia Titan. But whatsomever benefit or advantage may come to the Publick by this design unto my self praise or advantage I expect none because herein having ingaged against so many who perhaps esteeming themselves obscured and consequence not a little injured will necessarlie therefore become picqued and follow closs the opportunitie and advantages of their resentment It being also very certain that in proportion as this Essay appeares fraught with any benefite to Mankind that the wicked Serpentine brood still big with malice and envious of the good of Men and which was never more Dominant then at this time Will rake all the corners of Hell for Venom to bespatter it with And this may be a Grave marke by which Honest Men that are not so very Penetrating may Judge whither it contains any thing useful or not And as it falls out for the most part in the World that man makes but a sorry bargain who gratifies one to the altho but supposed detriment of another the resentment of the injury often proving more heavy then the result of gratitude for the benefite done can any wayes allay Reveng being a natural is also a rank thriving-weed in the mind of man Whereas gratitude being like an exotick plant requires diligent culture to make it grow there But above all benefits done to the publick meeting with least acknowledgment and recompense having so many concerned have for the most part therefore none concerned do therefore strangly expose the Benefactor to the resentments of thâ—se that suppose themselves injured for private and publick Interest seem to be alwayes at war where the publick receives the foill And indeed therefore I might have consulted my own praise and profit more by treading the broad way and beaten path with the multitude thô with ever so much hurt to Mankind But this is not all for the World is no more Barren of gratitude and acknowledgment than it is fertil and productive of
Purging in Fevers considered from Reason and Authority page 156 Some practical cautions concerning purging in Fevers page 161 The benefit and season of using Paregoriques in Fevers page 165 The hurt of meer Diaphoretiques in Fevers page 166 The hurt of a method direct to A crisis p. 167 A difficulty takâ—n from the Authors Constitutions answered shewing that this method agrees with all constitutions of years p 168 The further Helpers and Hurters in Fevers considered confirm this Hypothesis as Salts volatile and fixed Alcalin and Testaceous Concrets page 170 The Benefit of Cuppings Leeches and Frictions confirm the same page 174. The Phaenomena of Hutters confirm this Hypothesis as lâ—ing alwayes in the naked Bed page 176. Why Hurtful to ly with the Head too low showen by this Hypothesis page 178. Some other difficulties concerning the Hypothesis answered at first how the Blood gives no signes of that grosness in its passage thorow the Lungs page 179. Where by the way the progress of Sanguification is considered page 180. As also how A pthisis or Consumption is bred with some signes of the approach of this Disease taken out of Mortouns Pthisiologia page 182. The Phaenomena of a Fever in A pthisis confirms this Hypothesis page 184 Another difficulty how this Grosness of the Blood does not rather produce Tumors and Inflammations than Fevers answered page 185. An Appendix of the Statical Doctrine of Sanctorius with the description and use of the weighing Chair page 189. Of the Weight and Nature of insensible Perspiration page 190. Concerning Air and Waters influence thereon page 192. Of the influence Aliements Meat and Drink has thereon page 20â— Of Sleeping and Walking page 203 Of Exercise and Rest. page 205. Of Venery page 207 Of the passions of the mind page 20â— ERRATA Epistle to Physicians page 1. line ult read Heterodoâ—y p. â— l. 24 for that r thâ— p. 4. l. 3. del thâ— p. â— l. 8. for choiching r. choosing p. 16. l. 7. for choicing r. choosing p. 17. l. 10. for samen r. same p. 21 l. 12. del be p. 24. l. 16. for stirring r. steering p. 25. l. r. for enter r. center p. 26. l. 27 del of thâ—se p. 28. l. 11. r. comprehend ibid. l. 24. r. affects p. â—2 l. 25. r. too p. 38 l. 6 r. chioce p. 42 l. r â— r. their p. 48 l. ult r. therefore p. 54 l. 10 r. of p. 61 l. 7 r. subsidiary p. 62 l. 21 r. measures p. 65 l. 17â— one p. 66 l. â— r. thorow for throw all throughout p. 67 l. 19 del to p. 72 l. 25 r. from ratio cination only p. 90 l 3 r. had never p. 103 l. 11. dele proportionable p. 104 l. 5 r its ibid l 9. r. ordinary p. 107 l. penult dele their p. 119 l. 2 for which r. so this p. 131 l. 20 r. of the p. 135 l. 8 r. infirmity p. 140 l. 13. visive p. 143 l. 16 r. it be l. 22. dele a. p. 145 l. 1 r. was near for throw r. all along thorow Epistle to the Physicians pag. 2. lin 9. for Etâ—mology Etiology in the Preface pag. 13. lin 2. for Orâ—simes Orâ—asmâ— pag. 13. lin 12. for Approve r Disâ—pprove pag. â—10 lin 1. for Evacuationly read Evacâ—uâ—â—â—â—â—ly Act of Council AT Edinburgh the Twenty third Day of Iuly 1691 Years anent the Supplication given in to the LORDS of Their MAJESTIES Privy Council be Mr. Andrew Broun Doctor of Medicine Shewing That where the Petitioner has Compyled and Printed a Treatise intituled A Vindicatory Schedule about the New Cure of Fevers he humbly conceaved their Lordships would not deny him the ordinary Priviledge allowed to Authors and Composers of Books And therefore humbly Supplicating the said LORDS would be pleased upon consideration of the Premisses to give anâ— grant sole Priviledge and Licence of the Printing of the foresaid Treatise in whatsomever Language to the Petitioner or his Order for the space of Nineteen Years And to Discharge all Persons from Printing Re-printing or Importing and Vending of any of the saids Books within this Kingdom for the said space without the special Licence of the Petitioner or his Executors or Assigness And that under the pain of Confiscation thereof to his or their behove beside what farther Punishment their Lordships should think fit as the said Petition bears The LORDS of Their MAJESTIES Privy Council having considered the above Petition given in to them be Mr. Andrew Brown Doctor of Medicine They grant the desire thereof Extracted by me DA. MONCRIEF Cles Sti. Concilii A TABLE For explaining the hard words of this Book to the Vulgar Abdomen signifies The paunch or rim of the belly including the skine fat and muscules thereof Attrition A grinding or braying Antecedent cause The cause of a disease immediatly before the nearest cause Capillary vessels As small as hairs Cathartick A purgative Medicine Coagulation Congealing Crisis The sudden termination of a disease Crase The temper of the parts or blood Concatenation A chaining of causes and effects Continent cause The immediat cause of a disease Diaphoresis A breathing out thorow the superfice of the body by sweat or otherwayes Diaphragma The Midrife Endemical disease Which is very common in a place Fibres The small shreds constituting the fleshy or nervous parts Fomes The feuel of a disease Glands Kernels Globuls Little balls such the blood are full of Grumafite The solid parts of the blood that subsides Hemoragies Fluxes of Blood Heterogeneous Another kind Hypothesis A supposition or the plate form of any thing represented Identitions The same Idea The representation of any thing in the mind Inteâ—tines The guts First impellent The first mover in the body Lixivial Belonging to lie made of ashes Maze A labyrinth Muriatique Briny Mesentery The membran keeping the guts together Neotericks New Writers Orgasâ—e A tumult or commotion oesophage The wâ—sane Animaloeconoâ—â—â— the order in government of the animal Paregorick A quieting Medicine Paroxisme A sit of a disease Perspiration The great evacuation continually made throw the pores oâ— the body Pulmonick Belonging to the lungs Pheâ—omeâ—â— Appearances or effects of hidden causes Phlebotomy Bloodletting Regimen The government of the six things called not natural Scabrieity Roughness Scheme A figure or representation of a thing Smegmatique Belonging to soap Spumosity Froâ—hiness Staguation The pooling of running liquor Systole and Diastole Contraction and Dilatation Susceptibility Capacity of receiving impressions Specifie so particularise Specifique Proper Serosity The watery part of the Blood or Humors Tone The fiâ—mness of the parts as to their contracting and dilating Tenuity Thinness Trach-artery The Wind-pipe Vatillant Tottering Viscuous Glewy Venivicle Stomack Veâ—â—section Blood-letting A VINDICATORY SCHEDULE CONTAINING A Disquisition Theoretical and Practical of the New but most Effectual Method of Curing Continual Fevers Invented c. SECT I. Clearing that the infallible Principles of Law Equity and Reason and the necessary consequences thereof applicable to the Physician does both oblige
Advantage and Safety it may and for keeping of its Honour it must become more remiss and be made a rarity of Thô Medicine gives no Monopolising Prehemenencies by vulgar Opinion and this Diligence gives neither Dispensation nor Priviledge but suitable to the necessity of the present exigency And next but withal more especially this particular Diligence does consist in the secret inward and conscientious Industry making an exact Expiscation of all concurring outward and visible causes and other circumstances with the accurate observation of all the Phoenomena and narrow consideration likewise of the disposition of the Body by which Light may be brought to or a genuin idea given of the continent cause or essence of the Disease in hand This Cause alwayes lying invisible and secretly couched in the disposition of the Body betwixt these two visibles of outward causes and Phoenomena And this Diligence here also requires the consigning of these to Writing that with more leisure and effect all being duely pondered there may be farther discovered what effects the given causes are apt to produce in the Body for by the Contemplation of their Nature may be known what will be the consequence of such seditious Disturbers their invading the oeconomie where comes likewise to be considered the disposition of the Body and its susceptibility either of impressions altogether different from or of more grave effects then these ordinary resulting from such causes use to be this commonly resolving in an Idiosyncrasia or Propriety of temperament and thus also the Physician may consider fully the Phoenomena what News and Report they do bring from the inward troubled state of the Oeconomie where it is also observable thô these Phoenomena being often in disguise impose upon and deceive the Unexpert yet being soon unvisarded by the sagacious Artist they may be made to tell without dissimulation the truth So by making a judicious calcule of the given causes disposition of the Body and appearances there may be in most cases more then a probable computation also be made and a true Idea thereby had wherein the discomposure of the Oeconomy doth immediatly consist and for restoring of it solid and sure Measures adjusted and taken and that either by means of the Phisicians proper but solidly founded experience or that of the more eminent Practitioners likewise being consulted And this method of consigning the Patients case to write and for the same use and end was the custom and practice of that famous Practitioner Theodor D. Maynerne of whom Harres in his Pharmocologia anti Empyrica relates That in Chronical cases especially such as would permit deliberation he used not to shake his Consultation out of his Sleive but comitted all the circumstances and Phoenomena of the disease to his Diaries about which he consulted his dumb Doctors by summing up all their Councils having gotten a true Idea of the Disease he did thence take his indications Moreover this exact consignation of the Patients case to writing being equally conduceable to the Physician seems to be of far more necessity to him by reason of the far greater import and difficulty of his Practice than that usual exactness in Lawyers their taking up the state of their Clients causes likewise in writing is unto them For the damnages of their negligence thô more perceiveable are yet more tollerable and reparable then the same in Medicine where it is scarce permitted to fault twice and over the Brink the dearest Life is irrecoverably precipitated This particular industry doth farther require the inserting also into a journal as a proper conservatory thereof the whole history of the Physicians daily practiceâ— therein being particularly comprehended the Medicines given to each Patient with the effects thereof For by such an exact History he will be surely directed how to take his measures and make more safe and ready hitts in their cases who having been formerly his Patients stand there recorded as the subjects of any remarkable circumstances or scene of medical Practice There being truely few but something various and singular in their Temper doth discover it self which concerning their security and safety concern also the Physicians diligence and fidelity to be carefully put in record and without this record as a compass to steer by he will be in hazard either to commit some error of precipitancy or to lose time which the quick current of some cases may render extraordinary value able precious in reiterating those irksome Nauseous thô hovering Trials to familiarize their nature temper constitution that at first his caution did necessarly put him upon And such Physicians who neglecting this especially under the throng of many Patients or considerable intervention of time do not more carefully take up preserve such Lineaments of their Patients Constitutions as their occasions of medicating them does afford save what alone their Memory can give them thereof since thereby they seem altogether to transgress violate the only condition inferring the benefit of their being the ordinary deserve they not likewise to forfeit that endearing relation and the priviledges thereof which like Love thô it should cover many of the Physicians Infirmities yet scarce any of such important and gross Negligence where for so small and easie coast they forego so great a Benefit to their Patients And moreover this Iournal serving the Physician for a Map of the various uniformity of the operations of Nature and these even by his own Survey drawn from the Life the serious and frequent view thereof by giving him more solid full and bright Ideas of Diseases and their â—ures only begets that so much talked of but rarely found experimental Knowledge which in proportion to its solidity will surely direct the steady stirring of his Course in after practice And that the solid experience in Medicine thô after never so much practice can nowayes so fully and exactly be produced as by such an exact Historiography is altogether clear from the multiplicite complexity inveiglement and variety medical Caises are alwayes circumstantiat with which undoubtedly therefore require to be most exactly and fully collected represented and specified to imprint and conserve in the Mind all these genuine Ideas that are necessary to bottom all these reflexive comparative and discursive Acts of the Judgement requisite to compute conclude and enter in true and consequential experience Moreover this diligence of compiling an exact History of his Practice wherein that of others faithfully communicate to him may also be comprehended is clearly resembled in its method and also in its utility confirmed by that diligent care of Lawyers when they do collect and digest into certain classes and heads all Decisions and Practices of particular Cases These indeed being seriously considered and pondered by imbrightning unravilling specifying their notions of Law does give them the truest Impressions of Right which denoting also experience in Law must undoubtedly enable them by more certain Hitts to make the most
tenaciousness of the humors perhaps the continent cause of Fevers they do rather hurt then help As likewise these that are called Temperers of Acrimony and Sweetners of the Blood seem to be no more profitable in regard Acrimony consists in such a modification of the particles of Matter in their figure or motion in relation to the texture of the Organs or Bowels bringing trouble or pain thereto and we scarce knowing where in that Modification making the discrepancy betwixt the Agent Patient does consist we can hardly form thereto an adaequat Indication And althô this mitigative Indication could be found and satisfied since it does nought to the Disease or its Cause by prosecuting thereof you advantage no more then if ye should apply Anodyne Balsoms to the â—kin sore with whipping and yet still whipp one And farther since all these Symptoms commonly supposed to arise from Acrimony are only the result of the efforts of Nature strugling to ride it self of the Disease and are raised various according to the genius of the matter besetting and the organe besett altho these could be perfectly subdued when the Disease and its cause are untouched what if the Disease restrained in one Symptome shall break out into a more dangerous one so little coercible or obsequious proves Nature to any preposterous and undiscret management that thereby rather are translaâ—ed then extinguished or directed its irregular and impetuous motions not veâ—y unlike as when a Dam of water is kept up by a Bank without drying up or diverting the source that increases it as it is stopt at one breach it will alwayes make or find another As for Aperients and Inciders they being much about the same Nature have the same Inconvenience with Diaphoretiques Especially where there is a Copious fomes or great Obstructions in the Capillar Veins For by there grating and grinding off Particles from the mass of gross and viscide Humores they must exceedingly increase these obstructions every little particle seeming to be of a like Nature with the whole and scarce when in any quantity subjugable by the motion of the Blood or capable to be so attenuate as to pass easily the smallest channels of the Vesells Such then being brought there cannot but have an obstructing effect And farther these things being narrowly considered will also make the Truth of that Observation of of our Noble Author past all doubt that many and most dangerous Symtpomes of Fevers are the native effects of the method rather than of the Disease Leaving then this Diaphoretique method until we find out a specifique cure of Fevers since we cannot level directly aâ— the essence of the Disease we being most part in the dark as to that what hinders us as is usual succesful in many other diseases which impartial well ballanced experience has found to be also so here but that we may prosecute the Indication taken from the antecedent cause or fewel of the Malady by purging and so by intercepting the sustenance to sterve that Enemy we cannot get within handy blows of Is it because in Fevers the tumult and commotions in the regions of the Body in that tottering state of the Oeconomy would be so hightned by the spurrs off the Purgative as to brake out into more furious and incompescibâ—e Symptoms and the Orgasm that was formerly only in the Mass of Blood should thereby break over also into the Region of the Nerves and Head and so beset pervert and overwhelm the first springs of Motion and Life Now althô this difficulty seems not impertinently to be started yet whosoever shall lay a great weight thereon will betray great inconsideration and inadvertance to what our Noble Authour has delivered concerning the reasonableness of this Cure for he clearly shews both by reason and experience that the Inconvenience and tumult arising from the irritation of the purgative is very efficaciously restained by the immediately preceeding Phlebotomie the subsequent use of the Paregorick and how happily the Catharick is administred under this double check these that have never tryed it cannot so much as dream Notwithstanding what ever is said to the contrary by famous Authors concerning the use of Purgers and Paregoricks in Fevers which althô it be true in the case which is that mentioned by them where these are administred separatly without respect to this order and method of our Author that they may not only be unprofitable but hurtful but according to this his Method these means are in that order Connected and Ranked that they become wholy beneficial For the preceeding Phlebotomie and Cathartick paves the way to and makes safe the effecacy of the Paregorick and the Preceding Phâ—ebotomie and subsequent Paregorick infallibly Checks and Bridles any noxious Energie of the Cathartick As more fully shall be be shown afterward But in the mean time it may be considered that these Practical Phaenomena beside the rational appearances they bear are by such repeated acurate and evident experience confirmed that they can no more by Aâ—guments be convelled or their evidence by reasoning stiffled then the most sensible and palpable experiments in Nature can be SECT V. Motives to this Method from the Authors Ingenuity Ability and the prodigious Hazards he escaped and also from his Reputation both at Home and Abroad SInce then it is obvious to all that the usual manner of the cure of continual Fevers is so uncertain and unsuccesful that it should prompt all good and wise Physicians at least from commiseration of Mankind to search and try all ways for a better yea and when Men worthy of Trust whose ability and intergrity may not only deserve but command Trust do from their undoubted and certain experience complement them with laying to their hand a more sure and compleat Method of cure the Inaptitude or Impropriety whereof none can save from fictitious chimerical prejudices affirm or assert but noways from knowledge or experience in which case as its the part of even the most rigorous caution to suspend Judgement so it gives the most grave and profound marks of Folly and Arrogancy to pronounce peremptorly any thing concerning a matter of Fact and Experiment altogether unknown to them He then that wants Courage or Faith to Experiment it himself necessarly must watch the occasion to behold the Practise of others having this Method for conduct and so getting a Mature and deliberate knowlege of the thing he may then with some reason pronounce his Opinion concerning it Whosoever then shall do otherways and either chide or Condemn this Method or only contemn or neglect it Let him have a care least being suported by prejudicate Opinions and Errors he be found to lay an Ambush for and assault the truth and to Sacrifice to his contumacy and sloath the Life 's of the Sick and the Tears of their Friends this matter being now so circumstantiat by such clear Evidences and Proofs that an Errour or mistake therein
in his Book lately emitted concerning The acute Diseases of Children which containing several remarkable Observations do also contain his Testimony from the page 45. unto the 51. In these words saying after I had used for some years the like Method in Cure of Childrens Fevers I durst not venture on the same in adult Persons until I most happily met with the first edition of the Monitory Schedule of that incomparable Practitioner D. Sydenham and finding that Method approven of in adult Persons by the experience of that most Sagacious Man as much overjoyed as I had gotten a great favour from Heaven I presently set on to try that Method in adult Persons also and found it no less succesful then I had found it before in Children and a little after he proceeds saying For his discovery of the Cure of Fevers and many other his notable Improvements I hope that every Age so long as Medicine shall flourish shall publish his Name for the great Ornament and Light of this Age. Sydenham has with an extraordinary Courage and Ingenuity compleated the Cure of Fevers both by sufficient Reason and by Experience and Practice concerning which others have given nothing but words SECT VI. Containing the Opinion of some Authors concerning the Nature of Continual Fevers and the same from Reason rejected which makes it necessary to inquire for a more probable one in relation to the clearing their nature and this Method of their Cure NOw to make this Method every way compleat it is convenient as was insinuate in the beginning after the manner that a practical Discipline ought to be treated to essay if from this Experiment and Method of Cure of Fevers we can draw any unstrained and probable Theory Which inquiry necessarly presuposes the Nature and Essence of Fevers seeming yet altogether to ly in the dark to be narrowly searched into and exposed Having first weighed and eventilate what the Ancients and Neotericks has delivered concerning the Nature and Essence thereof The first then and which is the Opinion common to most Authors placing the Essence of a Fever in a Preternatural heat kindled in the heart and diffused by the Blood through all the Body indeed seems a very improper Metaphorical Description For the Heart is compared unto a Chimney neither is there a fewel capable of accension determined there being no fewel in the Body proper to foment a Fire but all as liquid and aqueous contrary thereunto And although in a Fever there be a great heat the same can be made clearly to depend upon another Principle then any thing of accension as shall be afterwards shown and also seing intense Heat is only accidental to a Fever and may be absent therefrom or present therewith It can be nothing of its essence more then the rest of the symptoms are for in the cold Paroxisme of Intermittents it is absent for a while with the presence of an Intense cold And in some algid Fevers it is always absent yea in fevers that are esteemed malignant it is very mild and nothing beyond the degree usual in health for it s reckoned commonly a sign of malignity when the heat does not rise proportionably with the other Symptoms And farther if Heat were of the Essence of Fevers in respect there is no distinct Species of Heat but all the difference thereof is gradual by Intention or Remisson it must undoubtedly follow that there can be no distinct Species of Fevers but only that they are gradually different which is against the commonly received Opinion As to that qualification of Heat that it is preternatural It may be obvious to any that seriously perpend the matter that no Heat is preâ—ernatural thô its cause may be said to be so For Heat is nothing else but a natural and genuine Passion imprinted in the â—ense by the presence and energy of a calorifique Efficient Neither can it be any more said to be against Nature then pain can be It being most natural for pain to be raised upon the action of a dolorifique Efficient And so furth necessarly and naturally all the rest of the Passions are made by impressions of the object impressing in the subject receiving But that the speculation of Heat must be more subtile then to be inlightned by the common and dark explications thereof may appear from that common Phoenomenon of the breath which being leisurely blown out imprints upon â—he hand a sense of Heat when this same breath with force blown out gives a sense of coldness thereon this diversification insinuates the Impression of Heat to consist in a modification of the motion of the Particles perhaps in a thwart transverse and tottering motion some thing resembling Refraction or Reflection And that cold on the other hand is Imprinted by a direct motion from which a true Idea of Heat subservient to the true explication of Fevers may be perhaps clearly drawn afterwards Nixt follows the opinion of Willis who reasonably rejecting that of the Ancients placed his in a notable â—ffervescence of the blood humours This ingenious Philosophical Physician doth with great fervor bend both his own Brain and the Subject to establish a certain effervescence in the blood of the Feverish persons proportionable to the Fermentation of Liquors He nowayes taking notice that all the Circumstances and Conditions requisite to the fermentation of Liquors are not only wanting in the generation of Fevers but the contrary are present free eventilation and rest of Liquors to be fermented being necessary conditions But in the blood the eventilation stopped frequently is the cause and condition of Fevers And furder the circuit motion of the blood will hinder its fermentation as it falls out in Liquors which are to be fermented requiring rest Neither did any ever see in the Blood of Persons in Fevers any signes of fermentation but rather tokens of viscosity and grosness Signifying coagulation Neither can the Phaenomena in Fevers be so commodiously explained from that Effervescence as from the contrary Coaleseence of which afterward There is another Opinion of Cartesius affirming a Fever to be the Perturbate mixture of the Blood which description does rather darken the subject unless he should teach us in what the Natural mixture did consist And how the Perturbation thereof should excite a Fever and the manner of the dependence of the Phaenomena upon that Perturbation And seeing he seems to insinuat a determinate Order and Position to be naturally requisite to the Particles of the Blood and the Disturbance of these to make a Fever It is very difficult to understand how the Particles of the Blood should be carried from the Heart so rapidly throw the smal branches of the Artry's and keep that Order or how they should again make up their ranks in their reflux throw the Veins back again to the Heart As for the Opinion of Paracelsus making a Fever to be the accension of Sulphur and Niter or an Vniversal Excandescence
end then it must necessarly double its Force and Stroaks Otherwayes every light Impediment or Obstacle which were equivalent to and of equal moment and Force with the moderate and odinare career of the motion of the Blood would put a stop thereto And indeed there is in a River something of a resemblance of this faculty thô from an other kind of efficient yet for the same or the like end For any Impediments put to barr or dam up a River are soon overpoised by the swelling Force of the Water above them till in proportion it overcome the strength of the stop Now if it were otherwise every Impediment equivalent only to the present current of the River either put by Accident or Designe would interrupt their course to the great hurt of Mankind and the blemish of the Worlds fabrick Seing then the returnes of Reparation to the parts and functions ought to be made both in time and quantity in proportion to the waste by the efflux of the Arterial Blood from the Heart as the vehicle and thorow the arterys as the conduites of these recruites When this is done vegetlie integrally without any stop or delay then redounds felicity ease and integrity of the functions and life But when that efflux is retarded or stopt either by reason of the Blood it self or some stopage in the extremities and small channels of the vessels or by reason of immoderate and unusual waste beyond the proportion of the ordinary supply as falls out in immoderate exercise and motion And so I say when by reason of any these causes the heart cannot convey and lay in the desired suppliment in due proportion and timeously by stroaks repeated at the usual intervals then it does by precipitating the stroaks and straiting the intervals of the pulsations endeavour what in it lyes to overcome the slowness of the motion of the Blood to come so near as it can to the due and proportional distribution of nutriment in respect of the waâ—te But if notwithstanding of these sedulous endeavours of the heart by the redoubling of the pulsations that slowness of the Blood shall by a gradual encrease of the thickness and of obstructions in the capillary vessels prove yet so obstinare as still to be augmented then this leads straight to the porch and gate of Death Death being nothing else but a total and permanent cessaâ—ion and defect of this distribution If there remain yet any difficulty to comprehend this Scheme because this incitation of the pulse being only a natural action and proper to the Animal part thus circumstantiate is made too like an effect of Reason and savours too much the acting for an end or of a voluntary motion to be applicable here To answer this reasonable doubt since it is very plain that Nature in the structure of the outward parts of Animals has acted so much Reason and Design as importing clearly that the Idea of their end has regulate their fabrick has also made the structure of all their parts terminate into such a perfection of the Animal that the most rigide survey can find nothing wanting As is most ingeniously displayed by the Honourable and Learned Boyle in his Treatise of the Final Causes of natural things Why should not the same Architect also have instructed the Function and inward parts with faculties to be exerted less or more according to the particular exigence of the Animal But especially that radical and fundamental one of supplying all the rest with sufficient provision and nouâ—ishment that it should be endued with a faculty to accelerate when the nâ—urishment either by its fault or immoderate waste is more then it ought in its Returns delayed Otherwayes every light cause that did retard the accession of reparation or did waste it much beyond the ordinary recruite would soon precipitate the Animal into inevitable ruine And also seing most Animals are endued with swifness beyond their ordinary pace whereby they flee dangers why should they not be endued with the like inward faculty to escape dangers internal that frequently threaten them And indeed all these efforts which we call from Irritation giving a Resemblance of such a faculty as this argue as much reason and acting for an end as this that 's here laid down does For the Impression made in the place being resented in the Brain the Fountain of Sense and motion the Irritation or endeavour to be rid of the offending cause has its effects in the place first invaded or beset and why should not the starving of the parts as much querelous as the surcharge of them is be as well heard and have also its releif so far at their least as motion can help them And there is yet a clearer resemblance of such a natural Action as this to be seen in the Pupil of the Eye which without consent of the will Contracts and delates it self so much as is needful for the comodity of seeing viz. Dilating where there is too little Light to let in more and convey the Species into the Eye and Contracting when there is too much Light and letting in only so much Light as is necessary to Paint the Species in the Eye And althô there is a Phaenomenon and case in Fevers which seems to oppugne this Hipothesis yet it is hoped that the same being duely considered will rather confirm and clear it and the Casâ— is this in some Fevers the Pulse is not altered as to the frequency or Vigour yet these portend great imminent danger which Phaenomenon or slowness of the Pulse comes from this that althô the final Cause of its motion be here craving enough of the acceleration of the Pulse for reparation in proportion to the waste yet it seems the efficient or Impellent of this motion or the first spring thereof that should answer exactly the exegencies of the final Is either stupified attacqued or befettered and so there is no strugle or essay to overcome the Impediments and Supply proportionably the waste And as this case is of all Fevers the most dangerous commonly giving the name of malignant so it brings the oeconomie for the most part soon to dissolution To unfold yet further this paradoxical Hypothesis if any desire to know upon what nearest and immediate cause this slowness of the motion of the arterial blood or delay of Reparation which excites the pulse to acceleration does depend unto this not impertinent inquiry that an apposite answer may be made it is to be adverted that the blood is made up of innumerable little globules swiming in a limpide watery serum As being observed by Loewenhoek with help of the microscop is also delivered and described by him and as it s very probable that these Globules do naturally require to be of such a bulk figure and number and the serosity wherein these swim doth also require to be of such tenuity and quantity as may best facilitate the motion and course of the Blood throw
would be represented without such refractions or reflections So it seems not very Improbable that the rayes of Heat passing throw the medium of crass unequal and not sufficiently Diaphanous Blood that they should be several wayes refracted and so coming to the Organe of feeling that is the nerves dispersed every where throw the Body that therefore they should imprint therein a greater sense of Heat then usual Or otherwayes by reflection which comes to the same purpose as when these rayes are darted throw the trunes of the Arteries incid upon the small Channels obstructed either in whole or in part by this crass Blood they must necessarly being reflected several ways impinge on the Nervs the sensorie of Heat and affect them with more brisk twitches then if they did glide smoothly along the trunks and by open passages were dispersed and exhausted in there designed ends And that the sense of intense heat is made much after the same manner seems clear by the Instance mentioned before to witt when the breath is with a wide mouth slowly exhaled it gives the sense of heat upon the hand Because the Particles of the breath are not caried streight and directly forward but being dispersed by an Oblique transvorse and recâ—illing motion they undergo a Modification much resembling refraction And coming so modified to the nerves of the hand imprint thereon the sense of heat when these very same Particles flowing out forcibly give no sense of Heat but of Cold The Particles being straight and direct in their motion undergo no such modifications SECT IX Shewing that Fevers being treaced up to their Fountain viz. The outward causes in that quest this grossness of the Blood and Humors presents it self Where insensible Perspiration is touched and how much the same lesed contributes the generation of Fevers And how indigestion of the Stomach is also accessory thereto with a new Hypothesis of digestion proposed TO comprehend more fully and clearly this dark subject of Fevers its necessary to trace the same up to the very fountain and spring according to the Concatenation of causes and effects which termmate in that production called a Fever And whose presence is testified by all the various Phaenomena that as Irradiations beames are darted therefrom Now if in this Inquisition we find all such causes concurâ—ing and concateuat as produce that thickness and grosness of the Blood and that these Phaenomena can be nowayes so comodiously resolved As by there being made likwise depending on that grosness and the product thereof and also that the Practical Phaenomena of Hurters and Helpers have their immediate effect in respect of this grosness or what depends alwayes thereon the slowness of the Blood then with a certainty litle below a demonstration we may conclude according to the alleadged Hipothesis Here then the Procatartick and external causes as first in operation deserve the first consideration Such are errours about the six things commonly called not Natural viz. Air Aliment Motion and Rest Sleeping and Watching Excretion and Retention and Passions of the mind For the errours about some of these using to generate and about others of them to retain and accumulate crudities Peice meal which serve for the antecedent or potential cause of a disease and this anteâ—edent cause gradually by its own tendency and sometimes more quickly by some great error superveining favoring this or that disease Is acuate and formed into the continent cause or very essence of the disease it self And even as the life of Man thorow Infirmitie and Misfortune is incumbred and involved in manifold straits difficulties and sometimes necessities whereby he must transgress the measure and bounds and run into the excess or defects of the use of these things Which would surely make his life both very miserable and without any comfort but that it would likewise be very short Were it not that the bountiful architect giveing as well an evidence of Providence and Art as of Commiseration and tenderness has contrived these bodies exceedingly commodious in the multiplicity and convenient situation of excretory passages by which the noxious matter accumulate being expelled the errours hapening about these none natural things might be amended and that not only throw the Gutts and Bladder these sensible and patent wayes serving also sometimes for extraordinary turns as well as for their ordinary and natural Excretions but by another indeed most ocult and obscure yet no less certain and obvious to the mind and reason and more adequat and oftner serving to these extraordinary thô necessary Excretions And that is insensible Perspiration which sends forth continually throw the Pores of the whole Skin such a quantity of excrementitious Rayes as does twise exceed all other sensible Evacuations and is the Excrements of the third and last Concoâ—tion And indeed such a wonderful work of Nature should by lurking always not have had as much certainty evidence as it demonstrats sagacity and providence and so the Ignorance of Men should have intercepted smothered their admiration and gratitude if the most ingenius Sanctorious a Sanctorio Physician Professor of Padua by divine Influence had not above all exception demonstrat to the world the reality necessity and measure together with Rules for the regulation of this Perspiration insensible After whom for Fourty Years almost now since elapsed Mortals have so much forgot themselves that they have not only neglected in so far as I know to improve this Doctrine delivered by him perhaps tending more to the conservation and also to the recoveâ—y of Health then all other means whatsomever preservative or curative but also to receive or make any Benefit or Fruit of his Industry and Discovery Except what the most acure Bellinus Physician and Professor of Pisa and Ettmullerus Professor in Lypsick have observed of it And indeed that most acurate and piercing wit Sanctorious delivers all his Observations approven to the eve by the Ballance for having weighed the Body and all the aliment taken in 24 Hours time the next Morning he again weighes the Body before the Excretiones sensible of Belly and Bladder and after the evacuations does the same again and the difference betwixt these two last weights goes to make the weight of the Excrements which is much within the weight of the aliement taken in the weight of the Body remaining the same it was the former day As for example Suppose the weight of the whole aliment be 8 pound the next morning the Body being weighed before and after evacuation of the Belly and Urine the difference making the weight of the Excrements may be about 3 pound The rest of the 8 being 5 evaportating by insensible Perspiration But in this computation some consideration is to be had to the Urine excerned the former day which in sober People is little for the most part the recreâ—ment of the Liquors taken in the third day before as that most exact observer by thirty years Experience
found the business so or so to hold in the state and continuation of health it was likewise very obvious unto him may be so too unto any considering person seriously pondering the mater that this subtile insensible because little noticed often times vitiated evacuation altho but in part any long time lesed that it must heaping up copious morbifique matter sow the seeds and become the fewel of manifold Diseases which any slender and dispositive cause may soon precipitate into the continent and immediate cause of a Disease Therefore that sagacious Man observes from statical Experience that the foreseeing of the approach of Diseases is more certain and timeous by the observation of the perspiration then from the Lesions of the Actions The due expulsion of this perspirable matter depends upon the integrity of all the concurring causes thereof whither efficient matterial or instrumental And as an efficient here beside the first impellent the common efficient of all the motions of the Body the Air by its elasticity and expansive power seems to have no small influence thereupon for the Air being in the act of inspiration drawen into the lungs and the vesicles thereof filled thereby by the Heat of the lungs it is also rarefied and thereby requiring a greater room does also by its force distend these vesicles whose structure being with a narrow entry and large cavity the Air therein contained and in expiration compressed is not all in proportion to that compression expelled at the orifice of the vesicle but some thereof must be forced also into the smal branches of the pulmonick vessels be mixed with the Blood in the pulmonick vein returning to the heart and this air being once gotten into the capillar Veins of these pulmonick Vessels by the continual expansion and contraction of the Lungs throw which these Vessels are interspersed that air is pressed and driven on with the Blood towards the greater trunks of that Vein For the motion therein being made from a lesser cavity unto a greater is by that structure of the Organ more easie and the Bloods advance facilitated and its regress hindered So that by the motion of the Lungs alone and without any Pulses it is not only thus carried to the left ventricle of the Heart but receives its whole complement and perfection in the progress by the continual agitation of the Lungs which do attenuat and grind and most intimately commix it with the air as appears by the Blood in that Pulmonick Vein which has its colour more florid and is it self more spumose and rarified then before its ingress in the Lungs and that alone by the Airs congress and agitation therewith And further the mixture of the Air with the arterial Blood is clear by that Experiment of Mayow Page 144. who putting venal Blood into the pneumatick engine and pumping of the Air therefrom found it made only a small ebulition But having used arterial blood so it made a wonderful expansion and boiled up into a great deal of spumosity and that by reason of the great Quantity of Air contained therein which expanding upon the weakning the pressure of the ambient Air does dilate it self and the Blood in which it is inviscate in proportion to the pressure of the Air that remained after the Pumping And further the ingress of the Air into and mixture thereof with the blood is clear by this phaenomenon that the superfice and extremities of the body become tumified when the body is heated by motion for then there are ordinarly more frequent and greater inspirations of Air into the Lungs which the violent motion of the Body disperses thorow the several Members As also the same is made further evident because the Hypothesis gives only the clear solution how the skine rises upon the application of cuping glasses for the Air within the Body finding the Air within the Glass not of equal resistance doth by its elasticity expand it self and raise the flesh therewith And moreover the Airs influence and activity for promoving of perspiration as an efficient is plain by the above-mentioned experiment of Mayow for the arterial blood appears turgid with such arerious particles because these by their volatility serve to sweep off the perspirable matter And further that same blood exhausted and stripp't off these aerious particles is by the Veins carried back to the Lungs to be of new impregnate therewith And likewise the Necessity and Utility of the Aires sweeping and sifting thorow the Body by its entry at the Lungs and going throw the Arteries and out again at the pores disperse devery where throw the superfice of the Body appears from this as Helmont observes tractat de blas hum that heat alone is not sufficient to expel all these reâ—rements that are in the Blood and Body For Heat in its operation as in destellation leaves alwayes a great remander or caput mortuum Yea as Boil observes in the origin of formes the most limpide rain water being a hundred times redistilled leaves alwayes some Earthy and fixed recrements that can be altered by no vehemency of fire so that to eliminate and expell this perspirable matter without recrements beside the action of heat there is further required some other proper volatilising efficient which the Air may be clearly judged to be For as Helmont and Tachenius observes timber putriefying in the free Air gives by calcining little or no fixed Salt And dry Herbs give far less quantity thereof then green Herbes do For this reason that the Air being the proper menstruum of that Salt Yea even of the same Salt within our Body does dissolve extract it And likewise the influence that pure Air has upon our Bodies and which is observed by Helmont must be also from this reason For in serene and cold Air we eat and digest better Because that Air not being Saturat with fuliginous and noxious Particles In running its course throw the Body sweeps out powerfully the perspirable matter and for the like reason these that Sail long on the Sea eat very much and have fewer sensible excrements then otherwayes Because the continual and swift motion of the Body not only promoves digestion and distribution of the aliement as will be shown afterward but also promoves perspiration by the continual agitation and shaking of the Body Which looses any of the Particles of the perspirable matter that incline to stick in the passages and pores and so the Air more easily sweeps off that perspirable matter And also as our worthy Author Sydenham observes long riding has the same effect and it may be thought for the same reason and the effects of both these motions are likewise observed by Sanctorius in his Aphorismes Sect 7. where he shews that ryding respects most the expulsion of the perspirable matter above the Loynes And that ambling is most wholsome but trotting unwholsome and that the being long carried in a Boat or in a Litter is also most wholsome as
Crisis he levelled in these Constitutions as the genius of that Intention would permit So it was only the difference of the Cures by way of a Crisis that did with him intitle different Constitutions of these Years But in the last Constitution of which he treats in his Schedula most happily falling on a method that did sure with that constituon and expending it further he did find it a method that did quite alter all the former measures and conduct of the cure of Fevers and consequently his constitutions and that it was a method which made the practice of the cure to run in an other channel and which did take up different indications passed over the needless dangerous conduct of Nature throw the maze of a crise As that this method did save the strength of Nature from a laborious prodigal and uncertain profusion and was a method that profitably and securely anticipated the crise he did therefore most reasonably judge it as I received it from his own mouth that it would agree with all manner of continual Fevers neither can there be yet any solide experience brought into the field that will weaken this Conclusion while the daily practice of sundry Physicians offers it self to all that will notice it clearly establishing the efficacie of this method SECT XIV The further Helpers in Fevers considered and how they work and confirm the Hypothesis such as fixed and volatile Salts Alcaline and Testaceous Concrets and also Cuppings Leeches and Frictions Wherealso some Phoenomena of Hurters are considered as the continual Sweats in Fevers And the continual lying in bed And lying with the head much Depressed For all which Reasons are given confirming the Hypothesis IT remains in the next place to enquire into other Helpers and Hurters in Fevers how they Operate and if the explication of such Phoenomena can bring any light to the foresaid Hypothesis And first as for helpers volatile and fixed salts are by the consent of all granted to be very effectual which altho in the case of a copious fomes they seem not to be â—afe yet the clearing how they work may shew as that they are effectual so when they are fit then to answer this it would be noticed that as the state or crasis of the blood may be vitiate two wayes so there may be so many wayes stops and bolts put so the motion thereof inducing its slowness and making it need more frequent or greater pulses to drive it on to distribution And first when the serosity of the Blood endued with due tenuity serves for a fit vehicle for the globuls but these globuls are vitiated either by their bulk number or in their figure that is by scabricity all which viâ—es severally much more when they are complicate makes these globuls stick and stop in the small passages and channels of the vessels and so baricade up the course of the Blood that there are raised frequent and violent pulses of the heart and arteries to remove them and carry on the blood The next fault in the crase of the Blood is when the due proportion in the number bulk and figure of these globuls is kept yet the tenuity of the serum is vitiated by viscidity and this fault also makes the Blood slow in its passage throw the small vessels to overcome which the heart does excite great and frequent pulses likewise In the first case where the globuls are only vitiated and the serum intire the sick are infested and weakened with sweats Because the frequent pulses drive away the serosity of the Blood out at the pores which is called the dissolution of the crase of the blood leaving the globuls cruded up together in the small vessels And in this case fixed and Alcaline salts testaceous and marine concrets made in subtile powder seem much to help because all these concrets consisting as is known of particles very rough scabrous and rigide the minutest particles whereof where ever they go carrying that Figure with them so then such being mixed with the blood and carryed along with it must necessarly impinging on the obstructions and scabricities in the small channels not only scoure and clear them but likewise by their continual Attrition of the Globuls of the Blood they must polish and grind these globuls and make them fit for passage thorow these channels As to the other state and crase of the Blood where the Serosity being viscide makes the slowness of the Bloods motion here as there are no sweats so it 's difficult to raise dangerous to attempt them Before any remedie can be justly levelled for the removal of this fault of the Blood it must be first inquired in what this viscosity does consist it seemes then that viscosity being a degree of Solidity and Firmness and the first step from Fluidity thereunto and that Fluidity consisting in the actual and due Motion of minutest parts of the Liquors viscidity then must Import some abatement and diminution as of their due Fluidity so of their Motion And that either from the weakness of the Principle of that Motion or the unaptitude of the matter to receive and obey Impressions of that Principle As having some glewy viscous matter mixed therewith But whatever it proceids from it is certain that the outward or sensible Rest in Liquores that naturally ought to be moved is a concurring Cause to there viscosity so the agitation of Liquors does altogether take off there viscosity As may be seen in the example of Ale which being ropie and viscuous is by tossing and agitating thâ—reof in a Bottle closs stoped soon brought to leave its viscosity So then the viscosity of the serum of the Blood seemes to be the effect of its want of due motion And is further a cause to hinder that due motion of the efflux and reflux And as this viscoâ—ity seems originaly to depend upon the serum not being duely Impregnat and Irradiat by the Spirits which do make it diaphanous and subtile so the want of this irradiation may depend upon its viscosity hindering that irradiation and so as these causes may hinder its due motion that want of due motion also does exceedingly contribute to its viscosity and check the influx of the Spirits And thus every one of these are mutually causes and effects to one another Yet unto these Efâ—ects from whatsomever of these causes they be produced seem much conducible all such things which give copious Matter to the generation of Spirits and also which give them being generated also Spurrs such as are all volatile Salts which for this reason are known to break and attenuate all viscosity But these are indeed to be used with moderation and warriness in Fevers least we should spurr faster than we open and clear the way and so these Spirits too much incited should waken up or exasperat all these Scenes of Confusions and Tumults to which the Blood is very prone under this state It is certain that long experience
accounted is clear from this that the Blood which is sent from the right Ventricle of the Heart by pulsation unto the Lungs is nothing different from the rest of the Venal Blood While the same Blood being immediatly sent back to the left ventricle of the Heart from the Lungs has before it enter the heart both the colour consistence and rarefaction proper to the Arterial Blood And differs nothing from the Arterial Blood in the Aorta or great artery Now in the case of a Fever althô the grosser Particles or Globuls of the clotted Blood returning from the Veins into the Lungs are grinded and levigate over again and then the Blood gives small token of its fault Because being so near it is also under the brisk impressions of the Hearts motion and also being crumbled by its passage throw innumerable ramifications and small capillary vessels in the Lungs while they are likewayes under a perpetual Systole and Diastole it is so attenuaâ— and grinded that any tendency to coagulation or obstruction is soon put off But yet when such Blood comes to the extremities of great Arteries where the force and strength of pulsation cannot be propagated in proportion to the Bloods slowness there then it must loyter and stop And moreover in some Fevers which are indeed very dangerous ones the slowness of the Blood 's passage even throw the vessels of the lungs is conspicuous that always making high difficult frequent breathing And moreover the Blood is also depurate and defecate from its crudities and viscosities by its passage through the Lungs And so by their taking care of the whole and endeavoring to repair the faults of the other functions they smart for them and become the Seat of many Diseasâ—s themselves for that same viscosity and grosness of the Humores does frequently make blemishing Impressions on them by obstructing tumefying their glands many of which obstructions are shaken off by the force of respiration but not always For althô the Motion of the Systole and Diastole of Lungs contrarying alwayes the direct Motion of the Blood in the vessels of the Lungs must subtilize attenuat the Blood So that it stickes not easily in the Channels of the Lungs yet often the fault of the former functions is so deep ingrained that the Blood sent here cannot be sufficiently attenuated and the crudities and viscosities expelled by the glands of the Lungs But does obstruct and tumefie them And breeds that disease called Pâ—hisis or Comsumption of the Lungs Now this Disease being of as universal extent among Chronick Diseases as a Fever is among acute ones is most Learnedly treated by Dr Morton in his Pthifilogia But alas as he wisely observes the Practise in this Disease is rarely attended with success For this reason that the Disease steals on the Patient unawares And before he peâ—ceives he is irrecoverably taken with the Distemper It is then hoped it will be thought no impertinent or useless digression if to instruct every one against the surprize of such a remediless attack there be transferred here from his work which is in Latine such apposite signs as may admonish every one of the aproach of that Disease and put them upon their guard in case of imminent danger to prâ—vide the timeous help of a faithful and skilful Physician The first sign he gives is The Descent from Parents that have been Pthisical For this Disease seems most hereditary of all Distempers 2 An evil frame of the Breast whether natural or aâ—cidental and that is either narrow or strait 3 A small Voice and Hâ—low 4 White and soft Skin with a thin habit of Body 5 A soft and Phlegmaticâ— habit of the Muscules 6 Oppression or Weight in the Breast 7 Thoughtfulness anxiety sadness and anger without a manifest cause 8. The Suppression of usual evacuation by Issues old Ulcers or any other usual 9 Spitting of Blood 10 A continual haughing of Viscide and black plegm in the â—orning 11 Salt or sharp phlegm haughted up 12 A pronness to copious evacuation of spittle either with or without an evident cause 13 An continued and increasing prostration of appetite without any other Disease accompanying it and with oppression of the Stomach and Spontaneous Laâ—â—itude in time of digestion 14 A Troublesom and continual Heat especially in the Soles of the Feet and Palms of the Hands cheiâ—ly after meat with a Pulse something too frequent 15 A shortness of Breath with difficulty of respiration 16 A great disposition to the Cough which is brought on frequently either by a slender or no evident Cause at all which is the most evident signe of an imminent Pthisis And the more of these signes there be the more still is the danger Now this Disease having alwayes a Fever accompaning it and that with an exacerbation some houres after Meat answering exactly to the time when the Chyle comes to the Blood doth also confirm the foresaid Hypothesis of Fevers For the chyle coming with the Venal Blood unto the Lungs to receive there its attrition and perfection While they are affected with obstructions and tumors in â—heir glands that must be superficâ—ally done And many of the Particles of the Blood do therefore return back to the Heart without sufficient elaboration which coming to the small Channels oâ— the Arteries betwixt them and the veins pass there also with difficulty So that to distribut the nourishment a fâ—equent Pulse is raised until the Particles by often passing that way be yet farther polished attenuated And so passing with greater ease the Fever and Pulse is remitted If any shall yet judge that this grosness of the Blood should be rather productive of tumors and inflamations then of Fevers It is to be considered that Fevers and Inflamations have that common to them both that they use to be generate together And also Fevers do depend on tumors inflamations which shews they are near of Kin to one another but yet they seem to differ in this that Fevers depend on an universal altho lesser grosness of the Blood which makes it with difficulty pass the small vessels and tremors depend as upon greater grosness so upon total obstruction of the Blood or other Liquores in some particular vessel And oftentimes they are generate and propagate by compression And perhaps it is the perverse figuration of some particles of the Blod or humours in respect of the Pores and Channels of a vessel which wholy stoping makes a total stagnation therein and this stagnation making a compression on the neighbouring vessels and these again upon the next adjacent affects them all with stagnation likewayes And thus that obstruction that begins in a point may have the sphere of its activity so extended as to infect all the neigâ—ouring parts with that tumour as is seen in a Thorn which pricking the Flesh doâ—s compress the next adjacent vessâ—ls and makes the Blood to stagnate therein And they again compressing these nixt
to them produce therein the like effect And so forth until the compression spend its Impression force Now in this case these Tumors being made of the Blood and Humors That should slip throw the Channels when they do stop coagulate there the humors are again set a going by the use of these things that add Spurrs to the Spirits and attenuate viscosity such as volatile Salts and also by such things as grate and grind gross Humors such as fixed salts c. which internally used are all dissolvers of tumours And farther as we find that the impurities which do cleave to garments worn called sweatiness and which being bred of the perspirable matter sticking there do yield to nothing but smegmatique mixtures so the coagulations therefrom within the body may yeild to such internally used And indeed it seems that there is as much forcein the grosness viscosity of the humors obstruction depending thereupon as will produce not only Fevers but the most of all chronick Diseases also But that the various faces with which Diseases appear proceeds as from the Degâ—ee of grosness and obstruction and from the nature of the place or organe affâ—cted therewith so from the impression that is thereby made on the impellent or the disposition of the Body exciting either resentment and irritation or only grief and languishing And altho in Fevers from the present disposition the impellent is for the most part irritated and strives to shake off the cause of the malady yet in chronick Distempers from another disposition it is less commoved and rather groans under then resents the invasion and oppression And these dâ—fferent effects from the like occasional cause in the natural body are paralelled by the like different consequences springing from the same occasional causes in the body politick For Tyrrany and Arbitrary Government exercised upon a Heroick and Generous spirited People uses to beget War but all the impression it makes on a servile and despirited Nation resolves only in languishing and depopulation And the parallel may be yet carried farther for as tyrrany oppression of a People is often shaken off by civil Wars and they thereby brought into a vegete and flourishing state so Chronick distempers in the natural body are often loosed by a superveening Fever and the body thereby is brought into a sound and healthy condition An APPENDIX concerning The Statical Doctrine of Sanctorius NOw in regard the due comprehension both of this Hypothesis and of the Practice of the Cure of Fevers and also of almost the whole Theory of Medicine seems to depend upon the right and full understanding of the Doctrine of insensible Perspiration the whole fundamental conclusions whereof are demonstrable to the Eye by the Ballâ—nce Also the due observation and regulation The Weighting Chaire of that Evacuation and Indications taken therefrom contributing more to the preservation of Health and Cure of Diseases than all other indications or means whatsomever it will be then not thought superfluous to insert here the description and use of Sanctorius's Weighting Chair and also some select Theorems taken out of his Staticks whereby the Reader having got a Tincture of that Doctrine may be fully cleared of its use and fruitfulness The Description and Vse of the WEIGHING CHAIR THe Chair is hung about two inches from the Floor upon the short end of the Ballance and the Weight on the long end of it being removeable hither and thither serves for two uses first having placed our selves therein we find out the daily insensible Perspiration of the Body and next seating our selves likewise in this Chair during the time of our Repast and placing the Weight in such a place of the Ballance as answers to the quantity of Aliment we intend to take we perceive by the Chairs coming to the ground when we have taken the due proportion of Mear and Drink beyond which and short of which we are alwayes prejudiced Now the Ballance may be fastned to a Beam in the Room above that where you take Refection For it may be thought unseemly in the same Room especially by reason of the Unlearned to whom all things unusual seem ridiculous SECT I. Of the Weight Measure and Nature of Insensible Perspiration Aphorism First IF the addition of these things that are deficient and the substraction of those that are exuberant be daily made as to Quantity and Quality such as it ought to be lost Health would be recovered and the present preserved II. If the Physician be only capable of judging the sensible Addition and Evacuation and knows not to regulate the insensible Perspiration he does not Cure but deceives his Patients III. If the Aliment taken in one day amounts to eight pound weight the insensible Perspiration amounts to five pound or thereabout yet there is some variety therein according to the diversity of Natures Climats Seasons Age Aliment c. IV. And this may be easily computed having weighed the Aliments taken in by sitting in the Chair having duly placed the Weight then weighing the Body the nixt morning before and after sensible Excretion The weight of the sensible being only found to come to three pound or thereby the rest being five must of necessity go by insensible Perspiration V. This insensible Perspiration is made throw the Pores of the Body which are transpirable in all its parts Or by respiration performed by the Mouth coming out with the breath which commonly amounts to half a pound a day VI. What quantity of perspiration is convenient for every One in order to continue his Health may be found out thus observing in the Morning after a somewhat plentiful Supper over Night what the Perspiration in the space of twelve hours comes to suppose it comes to 50 Ounces then another Morning after Fasting over Night but with this condition that thou didst not exceed at Dinner the day before make the same observation as suppose the Perspiration to have amounted to 20 Ounces So having made these observations pitch upon that proportion of Meat and other Non-natural causes which may reduce the perspiration to the mean betwixt 50 and 20 Ounces and that will be 35 ounces thus mayest thou live a long and healthful life and happily an hundred years VII The weight of the body being augmented without increasing the aliment or the retention of the sensible excrements is a sign of wanting perspiration VIII If the body be brought to the same weight that it was formerly by more copious urine or stools then the ordinary it begins to decline from health IX Plenty of perspiration and much sensible evacuations are inconsistent together and copious sensible evacuations with perspiration deficient are evil X. That weight of the Body is the standard of health when one can ascend a steep place with ease XI The weight of the Body is diminished by the evacuation either of sensible or insensible crude matter or by sensible or insensible concocted Matter The latter conduces to
health and the former takes away the Excess but leaves an evil quality behind XII Insensible Perspiration attended with sweating is not good because sweating abates the strength of the Fibres Yet it may be accounted good in respect it maâ—es a diversion from a greater evil XIII Insensible perspiration is visible when the nutriment is too copious or when the natural heat is languishing or throw violent motion XIV To apprehend ones self to be lighter when really they are not so is a most wholesome state XV. The first seeds of Diseases are sooner known by the alterations of perspiration then from the lesion of the Actions XVI The perspirable matter retained neither being resolved by Nature nor by a Fever superveening disposes the body presently to a malignant fever XVII Labour and pain of the body hinders Perspiration XVIII The least cold in the night time hinders Perspiration XIX Frequent tossing in the Bed in the Summer time hinders Perspirâ—tion XX. The internal causes hindering Perspiration are either the occupation of Nature any otherwayes Or the diversion of the perspirable Matter some other way or the weakness of the strength to expel it XXI Cloaths very burdensome hinder Perspiration XXII After the twelfth hour from the taking of Meat there is scarce perspired half a pound and then is the season of giving Aliment or Medicaments XXIII To Aliment or Medicat in the hours of the Morning before that which is the time of the greatest Perspiration does hurt because it diverts the Perspiration XXIV The external causes hindering Perspiration are Air Cold Foggie and Moist Swimming in cold water Meats Grass and Viscide Intermission of Exercise of Body Mind and in robust Persons abstinence from venerie XXV The external cold hinders Perspiration in weak Persons but augments it in robust Persons XXVI By Yawning and Streatching of the Joints there is great endeavours of Nature to void the perspirable matter retained XXVII The summer heat is very troublesome when Perspiration is retained XXVIII Venerie actual frigidity of the Body too plentiful drinking and supping as Young Men do too great Anger and much Exercise All these shorten the Lives of old Men. XXIX Insensible perspiration being quite obstructed in the Brain causes Apoplexie in the Heart causes palpitation and in the Matrix causes Suffocation and in the ignoble parts causes Gangren XXX Vomiting diverts both urin and perspiration XXXI The Knees being actually Hot helps both Sleep and perspiration XXXII The Flux of the Belly is Cured by promoving perspiration viz By Bathing XXXIII These that urin more than that they Drink perspire little XXXIV Hypochondriack Persons are much eased if their Bodies be rendred perspirable by frequent Baths and by a Moistning dyet XXXV Insensible Perspiration being promoved by Fomentations before the Body be purged draws more to the superfice thereof than it can perspire XXXVI Any place of the Body being very cold in the winter hinders the Perspiration of the whole XXXVII To ly in the Summer time with the Body uncovered hinders Perspiration SECT II. Concerning Air and Water 1 COld Air and washing with cold Water does heat robust Bodies but refrigerates weak ones 2 Warm Air and warm washing unless Crudities gain-stand help Perspiration and refrigerate the internal Bowels 3 Water that is heavy and Air that is foggie turn the perspirable Matter into an Ichor or sharp Matter which for the most part causes a Cachexy or evil disposition of the Body 4 In a cold and clear Air Perspiration is likewayes stoped because the Pores are condensed Yet because the Fibres are also roborated therefore the retained perspirable Matter is neither felt nor does hurt 5 In a foggie Air the perspirable Matter is retained and the Pores are filled and not condensed and the Fibres are relaxed and not roborated And therefore the perspirable Matter retained both hurts and is felt 6 A cold superveening to a warm day especially the usual quantity of drink being taken stops about a third part of the Perspiration that day 7 Weak persons are most hurt by the sudden approach of cold 8 A pleasant Cool coming upon Bodies heated hurts them more then the greatest coldness of Air or Water because the first obstructs and relaxes the Pores and the last obstructs and â—oborats them 9 A pleasant â—outherly Air with violent exercise is oft times very dangerous for the Air brings the stoping of the Perspiration and the exercise brings the acrimony thereof 10 Weak persons in the Winter evacuat the Perspirable Matter retained by Urine and robust Persons in Summer 11 Long Droughts are wholesomer than continual Rains for they make the Body lighter 12 In the Summer we are troubled with heat not because of the heat of the Air for every place of our Body is hotter then the Air but because the Summer Air does not sufficiently concentrat the internal heat but suffers it to diffuse whereby it is less powerfull to dispel the perspirable Matter which being retained becomes Acrimonious and so becomes troublesome to us In the Summer in the day time but in the Winter in the night time robust Bodies perspire most 14 Want of Perspiration in the Summer brings a Maligne Fever but in the Winter scarce brings any hurt The perspirable Matter retained turning far sooner Acrimonious in the Summer than in the Winter 15 Sleeping in the open Air in the Summer with the Body uncovered hindering very much Perspiration proves exceedingly dangerous 16 The perspirable Matter retained is not apt soon to hurt the internal Bowels unless it become acrimonious by external heat by violent motion or by its long stay 17 The hurt of immoderate Venery is in some manner allaâ—ed by cold immediatly succeeding heat which concentrats the internal heat 18 In the Summer nights by the variety of the temper of the Air Bodies are very much disposed to Fevers 19 From the Autumnal Equinoctial until the Winter Soâ—â—tice there is every day about a pound of perspirable matter retained 20. Autumnal Diseases shall be escaped if your body be not of more weight in Autumn than it was in Summer 21. You shall be troubled with no Disease in the autumn if â—ou meet the supervenient cold with sufficient clothing and by the use of Diureticks keep the body in the same weight it was before 22 Those that are troubled with diseases in the Winter arising from the plenty of humors are to be purged in the Autumn but not in the Spring and are to be brought to the weight that they had in the beginning of Summer 23 When Diseases come from an evil quality the Body is to be purged in the Spring for the Summer increases most the evil quality 24 Those that throw off their cloaths early in the Spring or are too long in putting them on in the Autumn do fall into Fevers in the Summer and into Distillations and Defluxions in the Winter 25 Health would be preserved even to the extremity of Age if the Body were kept in an