his tongue and this is most true that those which doe helpe woundes by inchauntment doe nothing but kéepe the wound cleane cause the patient kéepe a dyet so nature worketh as well on man as on a dog therefore let none maruell of this authoritie of a dogge although I approue the lyke of a Christian But for so much as it woulde be good to helpe Nature that it might worke with more spéedinesse as husbandmen do and gardeiners who bicause they would haue Nature to worke the better quicker in their ground doe cast there-on diuers sorts of dounges c. The which is done only to helpe Nature to worke the quicker and to conclude I saye that the Chyrurgian should do the same in helping of wounds But as for vlcers of diuers sorts it were necessary to finde out the cause bicause they come of diuers causes for when the cause is found it wil bée more easie to bée helpt bicause vlcers cannot come but by great distemperaunce of nature in our bodyes as by great heat or colde or by replexions of the body Therfore in this case it is necessary to purge the body first to ease Nature which is offended to extinguish the superfluous heat or colde that is in the body That being done the minister or helper of Nature hath thrée things to do The first is to mortifie or kil the sore the second to mundifie the third to incarnate then nature wil cicatrize it these thrée operations are to be vsed in vlcers Also Impostumes are caused of diuers accidēts in the which it is also necessary to seeke out the cause where-by to know what purgations are fit to purge the body of the superfluous humors then the minister hath .3 things to do in that case First to bring it to maturation quickly then when it is ripe and broke to mundifie it well and thirdly to incarnate it these are the .3 operations that are to be done in an impostume to help nature to worke wel and so following this order thy worke shal proue wel go the right way as héerafter I wil shew in his place the operatiōs to vse in the effect with the order to helpe thē also to make thy vnguents shewing their qualytie vertue will proue by reason those things that are doubtfull so that euery one shall be satisfied in that matter Of medicines to be vsed in all kinde of woundes outward with ease and breuitie HAuing declared what outward woundes are it is also necessary to shew the order how to cure them with as much spéed ease as it is possible therfore I wil begin first with simple wounds that are only in the flesh without offence of veynes sinewes or bones although these néede no helpe but onely to ioyne the lyps close together if néede be to stitch them close then let nature worke the which in short tyme will heale them but if thou by Art wilt helpe nature thou shalt anoynt them with oyle of frankencense once a daye But wounds where veynes are cut haue néede of present helpe and artificiall meanes and sufficient remedies to helpe it with as much spéede as may be so that the veynes cut may ioyne agayn together without any great offence of the woūd that is done in this order The first thing is to ioyne the parts close together stitch it wel not as the common Chyrurgians do but as they doe vse to stitch bagges and when it is stitched close annoynt it onely vppon the wounde with our Magno licore and lay there-on a cloth wet in the same Oyle very warme then take Hipericon with the séed Millefolli Viticella Ana and make theroff a powder the which thou shalt strowe vppon the wound béeing drest and round about it for this medicine doth assuttiliate the matter that runneth vnto the wound and taketh it forth with great ease and without paine of the wound for this is the most suffereigne medicine in that case that Nature with Art may make hath bene proued a thousand times by experience in diuers places But those woundes where bones and sinewes are hurt haue néede of great artificie and cunning bicause they be of importaunce But when the sinews be onely offended it were necessary to stitch them presently as I haue sayd of those where veynes are cut but not to dresse it with Magno licore but in stéede thereoff to take our Oleum benedictum and Oyle of frankencense of each a lyke for those Oyles doe excéedingly comfort the sinewes that are cut and when it happeneth that a sinew hath a puncture or is cut halfe way in that case it wer necessary to cut it ouer-thwart bicause it shall bring no Spasmus to the wound but if so be than that the bone be hurt and that there be any part to come forth it were necessarye to leaue the wound open vntill the bone commeth forth and then to incarnate it and this thou shalt doe with our artificiall balme for the same 〈◊〉 for woundes and lay therevpon the Cerote of Gualtifredo di medi the which healeth it with spéede and so with these orders thou maist helpe all the aforesaide sorts of woundes and the defensiue to vse in these woundes is this Rec. Aqua vitae made of pure wine that wil burne all away and put therein Hipericon Millifollie Viticella Betonica and then wet a cloath in that infusion and lay it for a defensiue rounde about the wounde and so thou shalt haue thine intent to the great satisfaction of the patient Wounds in the heade are helpt as those are where the sinowes are offended there are also dyuers other sorts of wounds which are helpt with the aforesaide remedies To helpe vlcers of all sortes SEing that vlcers are of diuers sundrie kindes it were necessarye to knowe of what kinde and quality they are so that thou maist help them in forme and order conuenient and first I will write of the corosiue vlceras of a wound Cancrenated mal di Formicola and other sortes of vlcers that go créeping vppon the flesh The cure of these kindes of vlcers is to apply quickly our Caustike to mortifie the euill the which thou shalt do thus wette a little bumbaste in our Caustike and therewith wash all the sore then leaue it so open 24. houres without binding it fast when 24. houres are past washe the sore with strong Vineger water of eche a like quantitie with charge that there remaine none of the Caustike in the sore then laye theron butter washed with a coleworte leafe vntill the asker or deade flesh fall away then take our Cerote Magistrale with a little Precipitate strawed thereon and their annoynt it with Magno licore and lay it vpon the sore for this 〈◊〉 helpeth al manner of coraliue vlcers without any other helpe and euerye plaister will serue thrée or foure dayes taking them off euery 24. houres and make
goute I washed it thrée or foure times a daye with our Aqua del Balsamo bicause it penetrateth and openeth the powers a suttiliateth and dryeth the humoure offensiue also I ordeined him breade of Barly bicause it coleth the bloud and is of good disgestion and caused him to refraine from all fat brothes and his drink was temparate and to this one of the Doctors did agrée but the other woulde not neuer the lesse the Gentleman was content with my aduise then I beganne to giue him the afore-saide decoccion with our solible Quintaessence and there with he had euery day two or thrée stooles and I washed the gout thrée or foure times a day with our Aqua Balsami and the first day hée beganne to féele ease and the seconde he felte more so that in seuen dayes all his paines was taken away and then I applyed ther-vnto our secreate of secreats for that kinde of disease the which in thrée dayes delyuered him then I caused him to vse certeine medicines to defende the goute for comming againe and so he continued whole to his great satisfaction Of the causes of the Scyatica and how ye may helpe it THe Sciatica is a disease so called bicause it commeth in that place of the body called Sio and is caused of an euill qualytie and grosse humores that are stayed in that place bicause they cannot passe downe and this is séene by experience dayly for where that paine is there is alteration and the cure thereof is with Glisters Vomittes Purgations and Vnctions bicause the Glister doth euacuate those places next vnto it and so easeth the humour the vomitte cleanseth the stomacke the purgaciones doe euacuate the bodye downewardes the vnctions dissolue the winde and so by these meanes thou maist helpe the Scyatica as I haue done many times to my great honour and satisfaction of the patient A most excellent remedie to helpe the flux of the body with a certeine discourse there-on IF thou wilt helpe the flux of the body it were necessary to know first from whence it proceedeth for he that knoweth not the cause is lesse to be credited to cure the effect and therefore I will shew thée what the flux is and from whence it commeth then I will shew the order to cure it also to make the medicines The fluxe of the bodye is caused of a superfluous heate conceiued in the stomack the which make a continuall solution inwardelye as ye maye sée by experience of those that are troubled there-with for so long as the cause is not taken awaye all their meat dothe tourne into that matter the which if it bée so that is true which I doe saye that the fluxes are a distemperance of the body caused of hot and corrupt humours in the stomacke and therefore if thou wilt cure it it wer necessary to extinguish the heat and to take away the corruption the which thou shalt doe with the rednesse of Marte Militare written in this booke following for that is the most souereigne remedie that can be found But first ye shall take twelue graynes of our Petra Philosophalla with halfe an ounce of Mel Rosarum and then take for foure mornings together one scruple of the rednes of Marte with half an ℥ of sugar Rosat ther-with thou shalt work miracles A discourse as concerning cornes in the feete or els where with their remedies THis callowes matter is a certeine hot humour of the which Nature would discharge hir-selfe and when that humor is driuen forth of Nature it goeth vnto the lower parts into the ende of the toes for in that extreme part of the toes that skinne that is called Epiderma is hard and wil not suffer it to passe or exalare and there many times it ingendeth a tumor in the skinne with great hardnesse and many times that tumor doth increase and cause such paine that it doth not onely hinder their going but hindreth them from sléepe in the night and this kinde of tumor is called commonly Callo or Cornes in English and I thought it good to call them Creste bicause they are alwayes growing and is of great importance among the Chyrurgians for an infinite number of persons are troubled there-with therefore I will shew thée our secret to helpe them quickly and with great ease which secret was neuer knowen afore of any First ye shal pare them with a sharpe knife vntil the bottome and there ye shall finde a certeine thing lyke matter but if ye finde no matter ye shal pare it vntil the bloud doth appeare than touch it once with oyle of sulphur and then dresse it with our Balsamo artificiato once a day vntill it be whole Kéepe this as a secret Of an infirmitie of importaunce that commeth vpon the extremitie of the toe vppon the nayle THere are manye men that are troubled with a certein infirmitie vnder the nayle of their great toe the which séemeth as though the nayle grew in the flesh the which is not so but the flesh groweth ouer the naile and although this séemeth to be a thing of nothing that the Auncients haue had small consideration theroff Neuerthelesse it is an infirmitie of great importaunce and to be considered of bicause many are troubled there-with specially men of authoritie in specially those that are troubled with the Goute I cal to remembrance that in the time that I was in Naples I cured a great number specially those that were of great authoritie to my great honour and profite The first thing that I did I cut the nayle on that part which was grieued and toke it away the which was done easely and with little paine the which thing being done I touched it with our Caustike and so let it remaine thrée dayes together an than I dressed it euery day with our Magno licore vntill it was whole the which was in short time A discourse vpon the Hemerhodes with the order to cure them with most excellent medicines of our inuention THe Hemerhodes are a certeine kind of euil tumor caused of the bloud in the veynes Emorodiale and these come alwayes in the extremitie of the Intestinals about the fundament some of them cause great paine some of them do burne excessiuely or do scald The which commeth thorow the qualitie of the good euil humors As ye may sée by experience how that some haue such burning that they cannot rest in the night the other haue such payne that they canot sit the other are so scalded that they cannot abide it ye shall vnderstād this infirmitie is more paynefull in one complection than in another and the cure there-off is difficile Neuerthelesse it maye be cured and the order is this First take our Aromatico then take our Siropo solutiuo thrée or foure dayes then take our perfume thrée or foure times on the fundament that being done annoynt the place with our Balme artificiall for that dryeth and taketh away the payne
and then not to digest it so in that cause nature to ease it selfe sendeth forth that humiditie and when it ioyneth to the skinne it ingroseth and causeth an Impostume and passing to the outwarde partes it is alreadie corrupted and so causeth the Pustules as by experience may be séene and this kinde is a viscous and fat humour with great humiditie There is another kinde of scabbe that is alwayes drye with readnesse and is smal with great heate and itching and the same in my iudgement is caused by much heate of the Lyuer and adustion of bloud and may be healed easely There is another kinde of great scabbe that hath a greate drye crust on them and they growe bigge and the same is of the french poxe being new taken There is another kinde like serpigo that goeth créeping and hath a drye crust and hath no matter vnder it and the same is also of the french poxe Inueterated There are also dyuers other kindes the which I wil leaue at this time bicause they are of small importaunce and may be helpt with those medicines which are fit for the kindes aforesaide Of Formicola and his effects THose kinde of vlcers that are commonly called Maldi formica are so called bicause they are a kinde of maling Vlcers and corosiue that goeth creping vppon the flesh and maketh many holes that are lifted vp on the sides and are red and these for the most parte are caused of the poxe as may be séene by experience and those sores are euill to be healed bicause therevnto runneth aboundance of humors the which cannot be resolued but with inwarde medecines that is with exquisite purgations that purifie the bloud and that cutteth away the euill humours that runne therevnto cause great alteration with burning This kinde of sore commeth many times in the heade and when it commeth in that part it is called Tigna or the white scalle and to shewe that this is the troth ye may sée that those medecines which heale Formicola doth also heale the white scalle for this is a kinde of the pox as by the effects ye may plainly sée for if any shoulde say the contrary I woulde aunswere him againe that this may well be bicause the same infirmitie may bée taken in the mothers wombe or as soone as the childe is borne it may take it of the Nurse that giueth it sucke if she be infected with that disease so that I conclude it may be so But there are a number of that kinde of disease which I let passe bicause I haue séene no experience of them A discourse of woundes and other kindes of inward sores WOundes that are within the body as in the stomacke or belly or in Testinalles in the bladder raines or guttes The Milt Lyuer Lungs Heart or other muskles or Arteres as there be a number I confesse to know nothing therein and I will shewe you the reason you shall vnderstand that when a wounde doth offende the interior parts the Phisition or Chyrurgion or great Anatomist what so euer he be cannot know all those partes offended in the body for after the weapon is with-in the bodye it may turne and with the point hurt other parts a farre off the wound and offend diuers particuler parts one different from the other therefore I beséech you excellent Chyrurgions when such a case commeth how do you know or discerne which parts are hurt but to say that troth I beléeue in that case they know al alike but what shold I say of the cure of such a wound if the Chyrurgion know not where it is nor of what importance but worketh by imagination and if that nature doth preuaile and that the wounde doth heale it is by the good fortune of the phisition so that for wounds inwardly I conclude no other at this time but will leaue it to those that know more then I and hereafter I will discourse of vlcers and impostumes inwardly what they are and how to cure them with our order ye shall vnderstand that there are a number of kindes of vlcers and impostumes that may ingender inwardly but it séemeth to me so hard to vnderstand that I can determine nothing that were true and the cause is this that wée haue séene an infinite of Phisitions and Chyrurgions that haue visited one Impostumated or Vlcerated and the Physition coulde not knowe the place and particular of that impostume or vlcer if that the patient do not tell him and shew him and cause him to féele with his hande and this is most true therefore if one cannot resolue him of outward things that he may sée féele with his hande how can he resolue him when one of those accidents is within the bodye where the patient knowes not himselfe which is grieued Truely I would gladly know what iudgement they would giue of that matter for bicause if ther be any Impostume or vlcer in any part of the body the sicke shall féele great offence and paine neuerthelesse he cannot tell wher it is nor what part is hurte so that I conclude if that the Patient know not much lesse the Phisition knoweth and of this I haue made a large discourse in Caprici medicinalle for as I haue sayd before in this case I know nothing Neuerthelesse when it shall come to his place I will write a discourse of the order to cure the most part of Vlcers and Impostumes but touching woundes I will promisse no more thē I haue said before Also I wil write excellent remedies of great experience with the which all woundes so they be not mortall may be helpt and healed and also the reasons conuenient in that matter An order to vse in healing all manner of diseases apperteining vnto the Chyrurgian WOundes and all other sorts of sores are of sundry and diuers kindes as is aforesaid neuerthelesse the order to helpe them is not much different one from the other if we should say only the troth without abuse For ye shal vnderstand that Nature is the master of al things created the Phisitian and Chyrurgian are helpers of that Nature as the Auntient professors of the Art haue affirmed Than séeing this is so what néede we to make so much adoe hauing Nature that worketh so gently if it be not hindered by the minister therefore if we wil speake of woundes I say that the minister hath thrée operations to do and no moe and the rest leaue to nature that worketh gently The thrée operations that the Master hath to doe are these To defend the wound so that there runneth no humours to it and that it putrifie not and to kéepe it cleane and when the minister hath done that letto Nature worke that which she will worke well and if any desire to sée if it will be so in effect ye may sée by a dogge for if he hath a great wound vpon his bodie he healeth it without any medicine onely with dyet kéeping it cleane with
discretiō of the Phisition and these Pilles ye shall take thrée times euery third day and then annoynt them with our Vnguento magno and he shal be helpt Ther is an other kinde of scabbe that goeth créeping with a dry crust like vnto petigine and those are the méere Pockes inueterated and the order to cure them is thus giue them our Sirop against the melancholike humour bicause it purgeth the bloud and cooleth the lyuer and dissolueth that viscous humour that ingendereth that crust that being done giue them our Aromatico annoint them with our Magno licore and he shall be perfectly helpt in shortt space There are other kinde of scabbes that come through great colde and those are healed onelye with annoynting them with Oyle of Frankensence thrée or foure times To helpe Mal di formica THose be certein vlcers which go créeping in the vpper parte of the fleshe and haue manye orifices or mouths and these are caused of the Peckes béeing inueterated the which are cured in that order that the Pockes is and that is this First purge the bodye with our Electuario Angelica the which purgeth away grose and maligne humors and euacuateth the stomacke of cholar and fleame this being done cause the patiēt to sweat for that wil a subtiliate the humors and cause them to come forth that being done take our Cerote magistrale and stroe there-on Precipitate and then annoynt it with our Magno licore and laye it vppon the sore and ther let it lye .24 houres before yée chaunge it then make it cleane and lay it on againe for that Plaster may serue foure dayes making it cleane euery .24 houres and when the Plaster will draw no more matter you shall vse our Vnguento magno the which wil help it in short time But if it do happen that this order doe not cure thē then it would be necessary for them to be annoynted with the vnction for the Porks and to annoynt them so long til the mouth be sore and when that signe doth appeare annoynt them no more for hée will spit or vaper at the mouth for twelue or fiftéene dayes and as soone as he vapoureth make a Bathe and washe him well and wash the mouth with wine and with-out all doubte it shall helpe him God willyng nowe héereafter I will write of certeine thinges which are vsed of common Chyrurgians with a briefe discourse vppon them Of the Towe which is layd vpon wounds of common Chyrurgians THe pleggits of Tow which is layd vpon woundes when they are first stitched is made in this order Rec. The white of an Egge Salt and Rose-water and beat them together and when the wound is stitched they lay it ther-on bicause the bloud should stint and the wound remaine shut so that it maye be helpt with more ease Now touching this I will shew the reason why they vse it in their first cure ye shall vnderstand that euery like desireth his like to succor him or kéepe company with him and therefore the Auncient our auncient professors of Arte willed the white of an Egge to be occupied in woundes bicause it is a substaunce of flesh lyke vnto the other flesh and to declare the troth I will proue it by naturall reason for ye shall vnderstand that the white of the Egge is that part which ingendreth the flesh the skinne and the fethers of the henne and the yolke engendreth only the guts and other entrayles of the animall then séeing the white is that which ingendreth the flesh onely it is lyke vnto flesh as it is sayd before then the salt is a materiall which preserueth al things from putrifaction as is séene by experience dayly and for that consideration it was put in this cōposition to preserue the flesh the Rose-water by nature is colde and drye and by his coldnesse defendeth the inflamation and by his drynesse is repercussiue mitigateth so that these are the reasons why the sayd Tow is layd vpon wounds but I would to God that such things were vsed as by their excellent operations would helpe and heale from the beginning to the latter ending to leaue of such trifling orders Of the disgestiue with the which they dresse woundes after the aforesayd Towe AFter that the tow is taken away from the wound they dresse it with a composition called disgestiue bicause it disgesteth the wound although this medicine be som what scrupulus against science the reason is this ye shal vnderstand that when a man is wounded the place before was sownde and therefore being wounded our true duetie is to help the same wound and not to disgest or rotte it as commonlye all Chyrurgians doe for by rotting of it in that order it is perillous and more daungerous to be cured as is daily séene by experience and this no man can denye But nowe I will followe our regiment in shewing what this disgestiue is the which is made thus Rec. The youlke of two Eggs Terpentine washed ounce 1. Oyle of Roses ounce s semis mixe them in an Vnguent and this is the disgestiue wher-with they dresse it vntil the sore haue made quitter or matter ynough and then they vse to dresse it with medicines much differing from the same but I meruaile much at the diuersitie of this matter that this disgestiue being applied to a putrified vlcer worketh diuers effects for it healeth it diuinely and moreouer ye shall vnderstand that if it be applied vnto when they be incarnated it will scicatrise them meruailously for truelye these are thinges worthy to bee knowen and he that vnderstandeth the reason I accompt him to bee wise for if this disgestiue be laide on fresh woundes it putrifieth and rotteth them againe being laide on a filthy sore it doth mundifie and heale and then if it be applyed on a wounde incarnated it Scicatriseth it and healeth for this I haue done diuers and sundry times the which is to be woundred off Of the mundification vnguent wherewith they dresse the woundes after they are digested to mundifie them WHen woundes are come to digestion and that they purge alwayes they chaunge vnguents and they apply Vnguentes that haue vertue to mundifie the wounde and make it cleane so that it may the better incarnate and that vnguent is called properly a mundificatiue the which is made of Barly flower is the mundificatiue they vse 8. or 10. dayes to-gether for if the wounde were not well mundified it woulde neuer incarnate-well so that this vnguent is most necessary in that operation in respect of the ingredience Of their incarnatiue wherwith they dresse the wounde after it is mundified WHen that the wounde is mundified so that thervnto commeth small quantitie of matter than it is necessary to apply vnguentes that incarnate so that they may cicatrize with more ease and this kinde of incarnatyue is in the most vse among the commō Chirurgions the which is made of Terpentine Waxe and Franckenscence and a little
shall require and alwayes it will be good and doe no hurte in any wise in any disease and therefore this Oyle ought to be had in greate regarde of all men To helpe the tooth atch that is caused of rotten teeth or that commeth of a dissention of the heade THe téeth being rotten or corrupted alwayes causeth great paine and many times it commeth of a dissention from the heade and such like humours as Cattars Erisipella but let it come of what cause it will I will shewe a remedy of great importance and it is very short ye shal take our Aqua realle and holde it in your mouth a good white and then spit it out againe and this ye shall doe for thrée dayes together euery day once then afterwarde it were necessary to wash your mouth in the like manner with our Aqua balsami for the space of a moneth so the tooth atch shal be taken away with ease for this is our secrete and may be vsed in all times of the yeare Against a stincking breath THe breath may stincke through many causes as by vlcers in the mouth or by corrupt and rotten téeth and sometime it commeth of the stomacke and that is euill to be helpt and therefore if thou wilt helpe these thou must vse diuers remedies and first to helpe those that haue their mouthes vlcerated ye shall giue them a quantitie of our Pillole aquilone and then let them wash their mouthes with our Aqua realle and so the vlcers shal be helpt and the mouth shal not stincke But when the stench commeth of rotten téeth vse the aforesaide remedie or medicine that is written for the tooth atche the which will make the téeth as white as snowe and will acke no more but when the stincke commeth from the stomacke it were necessary to purge the body with our Sirope Solutiuo sixe or seuen dayes and then to take our Aromatico that being done take rectified Aqua vitae the water of hunny and Oyle of Terpentine of ech a like mixe them well together and euerye morning drinke thereoff ounce s fasting for the space of a moneth or there about To helpe those that haue a great cough in the stomacke THe cough doth come of diuers and sundrye causes but let it come of what cause it will it alwayes offendeth the stomacke and the heade for alwayes when the stomacke is offended of necessitie the heade is offended bicause it hath communication with the stomacke so that the stomacke is cause of the paynes in the heade and therefore it is necessary to helpe the stomacke first that thou shalt do with our Pillole aquilone the which is written in this booke folowing and if so be you cannot take pilles take our Aromatico this being done if there be no feuer giue him euery morning 1. ounce of our electuary magistrale per la tosse and euery night annoynt his stomacke with Magno licore and also his heade and nostrelles but if it happen that the aforesaide thinges helpe it not then take bloud of the Lyuer vaine and purge the bodye with our Sirope against the melancholike humor and so by the grace of God they shall remaine healed To helpe those that can-not hold their water THis procéedeth of two causes principally the first is of superfluous heat of the body through the which heat nature doth assuttiliate too much that humid part and continually doth send it downe into the bladder The second cause is that the powers are too much relaxed or opened by the which operation the vrine doth passe with-out retention and these are the two causes why the vrine can-not stays and this commeth commonly to young children bicause they are very hot of complection and the order to helpe them is this Giue them our Pillole Aguilone thrée times the quantitie is from one dram to one and a halfe that being done ye shall make them a decoction of Hisop of the mountaine and put ther-in sugar this they shal vse .x. or .xij. dayes at the least for this mundifieth the place offended and disposeth it to solution Then after this is done ye shall giue him for .x. dayes together halfe a dram of Masticke with a little Plantaine water for this is hot and restringeth the powers and ingrosseth the Vryne and so the Patient shall remaine whole of that infirmitie by the vertue of the afore-sayd thrée medicines and it is a verye easie cure and souereigne for that purpose But some-time there happeneth a flux of vryne some-what lyke this and it is not of the afore-sayd causes but of causes much different from them for this is in men and womē of age and this I finde to be caused of the Pockes that causeth the flux and they voyd certeine threds which some call Gonorea and the remedie there-off is onely with great purging and sweating and then to annoint them fiue or sixe nights with our Vnguento magno kéepe them warme in bedde vntill ye haue ended to annoynt him and then go to the stowe and he shall be helpt of that infirmitie To helpe those that can-not make water THe vryne is stayed through diuers and sundry causes and the principall are thrée of the which one is the stone that ingēdreth in the bladder for alwaies it hangeth down in the necke of the bladder and stoppeth the Meat◠or powers that the vryne can not passe the which grieueth the patient meruaylously The other is caused of grauel or grose and viscous humours that cannot passe the powers and so cause that retention of vryne with great payne The third is caused of an obstruction or restriction of the powers or cunduites where the vryne doth passe and so kéepeth the vryne with-in with great payne so that these bée the thrée chiefest causes of the retention of vryne The cure of the first cause which is the stone is to purge them well and then to vse our most souereigne remedie that is written in this booke following the which is of great vertue to breake the stone as I haue proued many times but whē this medicine is not able to breake it then it is necessary to cut it foorth this is all concerning the first cause To helpe the second cause it were necessary to vse purgations that purge the reynes well then to giue them our Aromatico and then to annoynt the reynes sixe dayes euery day once with Vnguento magno and with this medicine thou shalt helpe him perfectly To cure the third cause it were necessary to purge with aperatiue things then to annoynt his reynes and vnder the members and belly with our Balme artificiall and giue him to drinke the powder of Hogge lyce or Centum pedes that are founde vnder stones and by the grace of God he shall be perfectly whole To helpe those that haue great burning of their vrine THe burning of the vryne may come of diuers sūdrye causes but I finde foure principall of
séene among men in the worlde that haue knowledge of dyuers and sundrie thinges all necessarie for those that will liue in the world with honour For some vnderstande the art of husbandry which was the first art vsed in the world for so much as without it we cannot well liue as it is plainely séene There are other that haue knowledge in keping beastes of all kinds apt or méete for mans bodie as Goats Kyne Hogges Hens Geese Horse Mules and such like There are other that haue knowledge in Nauigation without the which also the world would be vnperfet as it is séene by experience There be other that haue knowledge in Cosmographie whereby they knowe diuers partes of the world whether men may trauaile There be other that haue knowledge in the art of warres whereby they may helpe to defend their Prince and countries in executing of iustice There be other that vnderstand Astrologie by the which they knowe the course of Planets and their effects Other vnderstand the Mathematica whereby they measure land and all other thinges Other studie Musicke to accord voyces together other vnderstand Phisicke to helpe the diseased bodyes of humaine creatures and also annymales of dyuers and sundrie infirmities There be other that vnderstande Chyrurgerie to helpe al manner of sores that happē vnto men vpon which Chirurgery we wil write a brief discourse plesant reasō will leaue apart the science that is doubtful bicause ther is no science in the world wherwith a man may do good if there-with be no practise or experience as a man may say The which experience is master of all things as it is plainly séene and therfore we will giue you to vnderstand which of those partes be best or most necessary in this Chirurgerie either to helpe those that are hurt or the science or experience And we will shewe the méere troth without any dissimulation or fraude as I haue alwayes done in my workes which are Printed and at this present doe intend to do if almightie God giue mée grace and quicken my spirits or wits in writing that which shal be to his honour and profite to the worlde ⧠TO THE Reader HAuing taken vpon me to write a briefe treatise of Chirurgerie in the which I wil write the meere verity that with as much breuitie as may be bicause the troth occupieth but little roome for the Philosopher writeth that the troth is such a light as all men doe hide couering it with diuerse abuses as the Poets many times doe for when they write one of their tales they goe about to hide it and thus to our purpose Those that write greate volumes cannot choose many times but hide the troth for in much matter there entreth both good and bad therefore I will write no more then is necessary declaring what Chirurgerie is and in what order it should be vsed with all his accidents shewing what woundes are with Impostumes and vlcers how they ingender and when they are ingendred howe to cure them and disolue them A discourse which will please many bicause it is only troth of great importance Let euery one therfore know that science with experience do apeare to be one thing and at this present euery one is certeine thereof that the experince of Phisicke as wel as of Chirurgerie cannot be good without science or Methode as a man may terme it But I say that experience is better then Science in these two arts that is in Phisicke and Chirurgerie for science onely sheweth the vertue the which may be done with practise that hath no theorike Of which I haue written sufficiently in my Capricy medicinalle Imprinted at Venice and that this which I write is troth I will proue it for I say that noe can helpe with the onely Methode but alwayes it is necessary that there be some experience or practise therefore those that do delight to vnderstande let them followe this my short treatise in the which I will intreate of thinges most necessary to bee knowne wil shew how easie it is to work in that art declaring al the dificult matters so that euery one may see and perceiue it plaine and afterwards I will shewe howe to make many newe medicines as well for wounds as for the other sorts of sores which haue not beene vsed neither of old Doctors nor of new the which remedies are of such vertue strength that the world wil wounder at them for their notable quicke working and hereafter I will write what Chirurgerie is ¶ WHAT CHIRVRgerie is CHIRVRGERIE is both Science and practise and to say the troth he that wil know the composition of mans body must of necessitie haue some science and be Anatomist although the same Science bée a thing to bée learned by practise for I haue séene many times those which wer vnlearned to be expert in the Anatomie of mans body and those were paynters and drawers the which was necessary for thē to know to frame their figures accordingly and therefore I take not that for science but practise for science is onely that where-with the causes of euery infirmitie is found out and is of smal effect to our purpose bicause Chyrurgerie helpeth not only the cause but also the effect after it is knowen and therefore I may say that Chyrurgerie is no other then a pure and méere practise and that it is onely necessary for the Chyrurgian to know how to stich a wound well to mundifie an vlcer and to kéepe it frō putrifaction and kéepe it from alteration so that ther runne no euill humors vnto the place offended and to know all kinde of Vnguents that are apt to heale al kinde of wounds and vlcers which thing must be knowen by practise And lykewise to make all manner of Vnguents necessary for Chyrurgerie for that cause I conclude most truely that our Chyrurgerie is onely practise or experience And that which causeth mée to beléeue it is that I haue alwayes séene the most part of Chyrurgians when they should haue any case in Chyrurgerie they knew not what Vnguent would helpe the sore cut many times they proue this and that and so continue vntill they haue found one that is conuenient for the sore where-vnto it is applyed and therefore this is a certeine signe that they knowe not by Science there medicines to helpe the sore but with experience they searche it Therefore if it be so it is a signe that I haue sayd the troth and so conclude that Chirurgerie is a practise to helpe sores on mens bodies and also on beasts when occasion shall serue What Woundes are WOundes are those which in Latine is called Vulnus of the vulgar Vulnere and they are of two kindes that is simple compoūd The simple are those that are onely in the flesh the compound are those wher are cut sinewes veynes muscles and bones and these are of diuers and sundry kindes And the difference that is among
Oyle of Roses mixt of the fire and this is their incarnatiue A rare secreate the which this author did sende vnto a very friende of his being in the warres in Africa the which helpeth all woundes either by cut thrust galling with arrowes or hargabush shotte or otherwise THe first thing that ye shall doe is to wash the wounde very cleane with vryne and than dry it very well then put there-in our Quintaessence of wine and presently ioyne the partes close together and stitch or sowe them well but in any wise sowe nothing but the skinne for other-wise it woulde cause great paine then put thereon fiue or sixe droppes of our Balsamo and vppon the wounde laye a cloth weate in our Magno licore as hotte as he may suffer it and this do the first day then the next day folow this order first put thereon our Quintaessence a little Balsamo and then our Magno licore very hot neuer chaunge this medicine vntill he be whole Of those vnguents that Cicatrize wounds THe vnguents that cicatrize wounds after they are incarnated be of dyuers kindes although they work one effect in cicatrizing or causing a skine The digestion that is written off before being applyed vppon a wounde incarnated it doth cicatrize it with spéede the like doth Diachilon vnguentum de tutia The Cerote called Gratia dei although these be sundrie compositions one differing from another yet in effect they serue all to this cicatrization as ye may see by experience this they doe bicause they be temperate and of good qualities and so they helpe nature to work more quielitier and they are called helpers of nature But these kinde of vnguents that worke by them-selues as Vnguento Apostolorum the Causticke Aegypâ—â—atum the rottery such like vnguents as worke with violence and suppresse nature and do that which nature cannot doe by it selfe without helpe but all those vnguentes that are not violent neither in heate or colde are apt to cicatrize woundes and all sores that are mundified and incarnated A remedie to helpe a wounde with great speede of our inuention WOundes of diuers and sundry forts are very perillous of life but to helpe them quickly bicause the patient may take no harme ye shall vse this secret wash the wound with our water of balme and cleanse it well and lay theron clothes wet in Oyle of Frankencense made by distillation and therwith thou shalt heale any great wounde in short time as I haue proued diuers and sundry times in sundry causes An excellent secreate to heale woundes of Gunne shotte or Arrowes without any daunger IF thou wilt helpe the aforesaide wounds it were necessarye first to ioyne the partes close too and wash it with our Aqua celestis and laye thereon our Oleum balsami there-with thou shalt saue the liues of many wounded persons A discourse vppon olde woundes that are not yet healed and their souereigne remedie WHen that woundes are euel healed and that they impostumate and that the arme or legge or other partes where they were wounded is indurated and full of paine thou shalt vse this secrete of our inuention neuer knowen before of olde nor newe writers for it is of greate vertue and many times proued first yée shall wash the wounde well and make it cleane rounde about then wash the wounde with our Quintaessence and make it to fume bicause our Quintaessence doth open the powers and asuttiliateth the matter and causeth the humour to come forth that being done annoynt it al ouer w e our Magno licore thus doing before thrée dayes ende he shal féele great ease and in short time it shall bée helpt bicause this medecine taketh awaye the hardenesse and healeth the wounde and comforteth the place offended To dissolue a broose in short time when it is new done THese are called contusions vnto the which nature sendeth quickly great quantitie of humiditie and in that place it causeth Impostumation But if our Chyrurgians would be dilygent and quicke all contusions might be helpt with great ease in short time and therefore if thou wilt worke miracles in that cure vse this our meanes and it will tourne to thy great honour and the remedy is this Rec. Lyquid Vernish pound .3 Yeolow waxe ounce 4. Common ashes ounce .6 Aqua vitae rectified pouÌ„d 2. Put al the afore-sayd matters in a Retort of glasse and distill it with a gentle fire vntill al the substance be come foorth the which will be Oyle and water the which ye shall seperate and kéepe them and when occasion serueth annoynt the broose there-with and laye ther-on a cloth wet in the same for this is a miraculus medicine experimented proued by reason for an experiment without reason is as a man without clothes and therefore if thou wilt know great rare secrets neuer written before looke in my Spechio del scientia vniuersalli and in my Thesoro del vita humana and there-in thou shalt finde straunge things proued by reason and experience the which bookes God willyng I meane to set foorth in the Englsh tongue to the profite of my Countrey To helpe a wound quickly that is in perill of any accident WOundes in some parts of the body are very daungerous of lyfe and specially where sinewes bée cut or pearced or veynes or muscles hurte or bones broke and by an infinit of other particulars which being open or euil healed the patient may be in daunger of lyfe bicause the winde entereth in and they cause paintes and inflamation and therefore to auoyde all these afore-sayd matters so that the wound shall haue no detriment vse this remedie First ioyne the parts close together and put ther-in our Quintaessence and lay there-on a cloth wet in our Balme and binde it falt that the ayre get not in for it is very hurtfull ye shall vnderstand that these are two of the excellentest medicines that maye be found bicause our Quintaessence doth assuttiliate the bloud and taketh it foorth and taketh away the paine the Balme doth warme and comfort the place offended and will not suffer any matter to runne ther-vnto by any meanes for this is most true as I haue proued diuers sundry times and alwayes haue had good successe To stop the flux of blood in woundes with great speed VVHen there is any great flux of bloud in wounds by reason of some â—â—eyne that is rut and that the Chyrurgians would shop it it were necessary to stitch it well but not as the common Chyrurgians do with wide stitches but stich it very close and hard and put ther-in our Quintaessence and vpon the wound strew the bloud of a man dryed in powder and laye vppon the bloud a cloth wet in our Balme artificiaill verye warme and vppon that binde the wounde with ligaments very straight and euerye daye twice wash it with our Quintaessence and round about annoynt it with our Balme and also cast ther-on our secret powder for
Emperour where at was slaine a great number of both parts and there was such a number hurte that it was to bée wondered at the which were healed with our Magno licore and Balsamo and when the citie was taken and all ended the Galles remayned there all September and the fourth of October euerye man went to serue at their portes appoynted and so we tourned to Naples to passe the Winter but yet we remayned but a while for there was occasion to go to Siena the whych rebelled against the Emperour so we went with Don Pietro da Toledo the which dyed after at Firenza c. The cure of a great wound on the head IN this yeare .1551 in the moneth of Nouember there came vnto my house a Spaniard the which was called Giouan Ruiz di Zamora the which had a great wound ouer the eare on the left side that reached halfe ouer the head with great fracture of the bone the which I presently stitched with diligence and put there-in our Quintaessence and vppon the wounde I dressed it with Magno licore and Balsamo and made a gentle ligature with a péece of silke and sent him home to his lodging and commaunded him to come againe the next day about the sayd houre those that were about me fell a laughing at my words and sayd that he woulde dye of that wounde bicause I let him goe foorthe in the ayre to the which I aunswered that hée might safely goe foorth and so the next day he came agayne and I tooke off the lygament bu not the cloth and ther-on I put of our Quintaessence and Balme and so in thrée dayes I touched it not and then I tooke off the Lygament agayne and dressed it vppon the cloath and lette it remaine vntill the .8 daye and then I opened it and tooke away the cloath and found the wound so healed that ye could scarce perceiue any scarre and many said that it was vnpossible to be healed for it would come to impostumation neuerthelesse it remayned perfectly whole for 5.or .6 moneths that he remayned in that citie in the which time I cured a great number in the same order that were wounded in the head to the great wonder of those that dwelt in Naples for they count all woundes in the heade to be mortall bicause the ayre is so pestilentiall for as soone as it toucheth the scull it corrupteth the wound But vsing our order thou mayst safely helpe them so that the wounde be not mortall for by kéeping it close shut it is preserued A very straunge thing that happened in the afore-sayd yeare THere was a certeine young Mariner of the age of 26. yeares the which was called Francisco di Giouanni Raguseo of the I le of Mezo the which being in fight fell downe and the other that fought with him cut him ouer the side and backe a handfull long insomuch that a péece of the Milt was cut ouer-thwart then hée was caryed to a Chyrurgian and hée stitched him vp than the next day I was called and ther I foūd the wounde not well stitched the which I ripped vp agayne and found the belly full of bloud and when I saw that I caused diuers to make water and there-with I washed him and with takinge foorthe of the bloude there came a péece of the Milte that was cut the which I washed and gaue it to a Mariner that stoode by and the Patrone of the ship tooke it from him and caryed it away then I stitched him vp againe and left a lyttle hole or orifice beneath where the matter might come forth and dressed him with our Quintaessence with Balsamo and Magno licore and in the space of .22 dayes he was whole perfectly The cure of a Fistoloe in the lower parts IN the yeare .1552 in the moneth of Marche I was broughte vnto a man of the age of fourtie yeares of complection cholericke and melencholicke the which had a Fistoloe in the lower parts the which was of this Nature that it had alterated the coddes the member and al the parts ther-about with .xi. holes infistolated at the which .xi. he made water with great burning intollerable paine which are accident of a feuer in manner continual the which Patient had ben taken in hand of diuers none could do him plesure Than the first thing that I did I gaue him our Aromatico that being done I gaue him .xij. dayes together our Quintaessencia solutiuo that being done I gane him a quantitie of our Electuario Angelica a then he vsed one of my secrets the which I will not write in this place that being done I caused him to spitte with one of my confections written héere-after and so by these meanes he was perfectly whole Of many that I cured in Naples IN that time that I remayned in the famous Citie of Naples vntil that yere .1555 in the Moneth of Februarie then I thought it good to go to Rome where at this time I cure a number of persons haue holpe so many by the helpe of God the which if I should record them it would be sufficient to fil a great volume for ther came such a number to my dore that the people wondred ther-at with .4 medicines compounded by me I holpe in māner all of euery disease the medicines were these one Pil made with our Petra philosophile Elbero negro Olio di sulpho Olio dimelle mixed with marchpane made in pilles The second remedie was soluble pilles made with Aloe hepatico Colloquintida Siena oyle of vitrioll made in paste with sugar common hunny The third remedie was a vnction made with Sage Rosemary Worme-woode Rew Mint Nutmegs Cloues Cinamon Mastick Frankēcense Terpentine waxe with common oyle The .4 remedie was our Quintaessence these .4 remedies I gaue vnto those people to help their griefes I willed thē that tooke these medicines to eat wel of good meats so alwayes they praised these medicines the which was not without great reason bicause the pilles first euacuate the stomack of al impedimēts a leaueth nature eased the second pilles euacuate the body of the corrupptiō The Vnction comforteth the stomacke and helpeth disgestion and mitigateth the payne The Quintaessence comforteth the stomacke causeth good disgestion purifieth the bloud and comforteth the heade so that be these aforesaid resons ye may vnderstand that these foure remedies may help against al indispositions inwardly and for cause of those remedies those people honour me lyke a Prophet and alwayes haue had mée in great reuerence as longe as I remayned amonge them A cure of Vlcera putrida the which was in the arme IN the yeare afore-sayd in the month of August there came to my hande a certeine Gentleman of the Imbassadours of Portingall that was called Il signor Iari a man of the age of .32 yeares of complection melancholyke the which had a putrified vlcer about the lefte shoulder that he
them is by the varietie of the place where they are wounded and by the difference of the weapon where-with they wer hurt for some goe right some ouerthwarte some long some broade some are thrusts or stocate that offende diuers partes of the body The simple are of small importaunce bicause if ye kéepe them cleane and close shut nature wil heale theÌ„ without any kinde of medicine But those where veynes are cut haue néede of some Art or practise with the which they may stop the bloud in any wise not to suffer the wound remaine open but to sowe it vp verye close so that the veyne may heale Also those where sinewes are hurt are of great importaunce and would be healed with great spéede so that the sinews may ioyne with more ease But those where bones are hurte are of greater importaunce for if the bone be seperated froÌ„ the other of necessitie it must be taken â—â—rth before the wound be healed So that by this meanes euery one may know what woundes are and their kindes Of Vlceres and what they are VLcers are of diuers and sundrye kindes and are ingendred of many causes as hereafter I wil shew But first I will write of those kinde of Vlcers that are caused of woundes You shall vnderstande that wounds in what part of the bodie soeuer they be béeing impostumated or cancrenated they chaunge their names and are no more called wounds although the originall was a wound For when it is cancrenated it is called Vlcera corasiua bicause it goeth eating and créeping on the flesh But when the wouÌ„d is impostumated and full of matter it is called Vlcera putrida that is putrified it is bicause it is filthie stinketh But when it is neither cancrenated nor yet apostumated but that through some euill disposition the wound is closed and that there commeth in it euill qualyties without alteration then it is called Vlcera sordida bicause therin is euil qualytie it appeareth but a litle but it is euill to heale There be other sorts of vlcers also the which are caused of diuers sundry kindes of tumors the most euill mischeuous are those that are of tumors caused of the pocks for vnto those there runneth aboundance of euil humors that augmeÌ„t the vlcer they be the worst sort for they can not be healed by themselues except the body be well purged and euacuated of al the humors that are offensiue Ther is another kinde of vlcer the which cometh of an Impostume as well hot as colde and those are more gentle and easie to be helpt if ye know the medicines that are apt to helpe and dissolue those kinde of vlcers These are the thrée kinde of Vlcers that commonlye happen vnto men and women through diuers causes as it is sayd before so that these are the principal causes of those maligne vlcers Of Impostumes and their kindes IMpostumes are a certeine kinde of tumor that is called in diuers manners bicause they come in diuers places of the body as those sorts of Impostumes that come in the groyne which in Venice is called Pannoche in Rome Tencone in Naples Dragonselly in Spayne Incordi and the Auncient called them Buboni and some with other names There are other that come in all parts of the bodye and when they come they cause great payne and then they ripen and breake of themselues for the most parte and these in Naples are called Autrax and in Rome Chicolini in Venice Vn nasito in Lumbardie Vn bungo and in Spayne Vn nacido mui viliaco There is an other kinde of Impostume that is ingendered of a contusion or broose and is properly called Apostumato pro Amacatura In the head there grow certeine kindes of sores that are called Talpa or Topinare the which are of small importaunce for they maye bée healed in short time as it is séene in childrens heads that are ofteÌ„ troubled there-with and also in their throats and for the most part about the eares Of Fistoloes and their kindes ALl manner of sores that doe not cicatrize perfectly and haue communication with the inward parts are called Fistoloes and we terme them in Italian Sofio or Spiraculo as ye may sée by experience and this is perillous when a Fistoloe closeth being in the body and specially those fistoloes that are in the fundament for Nature hir selfe doth ingender it for ease But these fistoloes that come in dyuers parts of the body are troublesoÌ„e but not perillous also al such sores as tary long before they be incarnated come to fistoloes many times it commeth through long curing by tenting with their tentes the which are cause that nature maketh a Callow leaueth the sore so hollow that it will neuer be filled with flesh but so remaine hollow as it is séene easely by experience There be other sorts of fistoloes in forme of a sore and they bée those sores that most commonly come on the legges the which do purge a long time and are also very hard to heale bicause if ye heale one of them presently there wil rise another hard by it and that is a kinde of fistoloe There is another kinde of fistoloe that is caused of those sores that are vpon the bone the which by his continuance do breake and consume the skine and the bone and these many times remaine fistolated but who so taketh away the cause of the sore nature it self will preuaile mightely and heale it as may be séene dayly by experience in those that be so troubled The fistoloes that come in the eyes are called Fistola Lacrimosa and they haue some communication with the inward partes and are euill to be healed Bicause first the cause must be taken away inwardly and then nature will heale it by it selfe as I haue séene by experience so that these are the kind of fistoloes most knowen vnto all men and the causes of these fistoloes are two and for my part I am fully perswaded it is so The first is of woundes euil healed that remaine Fistolated The second cause I find to be of sores caused of the poxe and to shew a troth yée shall cure them of the Poxe and their fistoloes will heale of themselues without any other helpe as it is dayly to be séene There may be many other causes the which as yet I know not but these two are a sufficient reason and to be considered of the professors of this art if they desire to come to any excelencie and therefore I wyll reason no more of the matter bicause the science and my experience will reach no farther Of all sortes of scabbes THere be dyuers kindes of scabbes but I will onelye intreate of those in which I haue had most experience and will set them forth as plaine as I can that euery one thereby may haue profite The first kinde of scabbe is that which is caused of Riplexione of the body by eating much meate of great nourishment