promise to our selves that our not understanding how actuall cold and an effectually cooling quality can consist with radical heat will avert from us the odious attribute of presumption and conciliat a favourable construction to this our singularity and non-adherence to Antiquity because that distinction never was nor could be applied to any without controversie hot body not salinous as to the spirit of Wine Oyl of Cloves Cinnamon Mustard c. any of which being mixed with the most cooling liquor will without controversie diminish its frigidity 2. Aqua fortis the spirits of Vitriol and Brimstone the spirit of common Salt the Oyl of Tartar by deliquation which is the Salt of Tartar dissolved into a liquor by the humide air in a cold or subterrancal place the Oyl of common Salt by deliquation c do extinguish the fire as doth the coldest water Therefore they are in their first qualities heterogeneal to fire for such bodies only are and ought to be vulgarly called homogeneal to fire in their first qualities which do contain some matter which becometh nourishment unto fire Salts and Salinous bodies only excepted and that is only Sulphur it from if it be almost insipide as the Sulphur â—r Oyls of sweet Almonds Olives c. before they become rancide then the body which containeth it is not called hot but temperat in heat but if the Sulphur bâ— very sapide and do affect the taste much the body wherein it doth reside is called hot and its degreeâ— of heat are commensurat by the degrees of its sapidity Now every pure Salt is altogether destitute of such matter Moreover the frigidity of bodieâ— which are estimat cold should likewise be measureâ— by their different degrees of sapidity as Cichory is colder than Lettice and the juyce of a Limon is colder than either and the spirit of Vitriol is the coldest of all the four c. Neither is this contrary to the common saying of Phâ—losphers viz. that water is the coldest of all bodies for that is only to be asserted of the pute elementary water which is not to be found amongst us and unto which without all controversie frigidity in the highest degree is as proper as siccity humidity and calidity are unto the Elements of Earth Air and Fire So that it is more then probable that as the refrigerating cold of some springing waters doth hugely surpass the same quality in common fountain water so likewise the frigidity of the elementary water doth surpass that of the spirit of Vitriol and springing water as far as the strength of Aqua fortis doth the strength of the juice of Limons in dissolving of Pearls both which do operat after the same manner only dissolving them into pouder without 〈◊〉 I roying their natural temperaments which five doth when it dissolveth them or any thing 〈◊〉 all which do undeniably evince this that Corrosives are not of a fiery and hot temperament 3. Every Fixed-salt doth naturally attract those things which are cold and humide as Water and Air therefore it is in its first qualities frigidity and humidity homogeneal to them Moreover as the action of the spirit of Wine Aqua-vitae c. upon Oyls whereby they dissolve them and unite them unto themselves doth argue the Oyls viz. of Cinnamon Anise c. and spirits to be homogeneal so likewise we do most probably conceive that the dissolution of Salts by water doth demonstrat the homogeneity of their natures For no natural body which is in its natural estate doth naturally appetize or attract its contrary Nor is it contrary unto this that an animal whose stomach is distempered with calidity and siccity naturally desireth a humide and refrigerating body because that stomach is not in its natural estate neither is it the stomach but the Animal whose the stomach is which desireth the curation of the morbifick distemper by a humide and refrigerating body You would here take notice that the cause of Thirst which is by Aristotle in his second Book of the Soul called a desire after a humide and frigide body is two-fold external and internal each whereof is either hot or corrosive and cold For corrosives are really different from such things as are hot as shall afterwards appear from what hath been and is to be said 1. The internal hot cause of thirst is a hot distemper of the whole body as in a Feaver or of some part of it as of the Stomach Liver c. 2. The external hot cause of thirst is the radical heat of meat or drink existing in their sulphureous parts which produceth a hot distemper in the stomach c. 3. The internal corrosive cause of thirst is a bilious salt and corrosive humor which corrodeth the skin of the stomach and by motion in the solution of continuity conciliateth heat in the corroded part only whereas the heat of meat and drink do sometimes produce a hot distemper in the whole body each of whose parts after the concoctions it permeateth 4. The external corrosive cause of thirst is the corrosive salts of meat and drink which do corrode the stomach as before For the cure of thirst proceeding from a hot cause whether external or internal a body radically and actually cold and humide is necessarily required But for the cure of thirst proceeding from a corrosive cause a humide body radically only though not actually cold is sufficient wherein the Salts may be dissolved which being done in a copious humide body they become so debilitat that they cannot any more corrode the skin of the stomach for disjoyned virtue or strength is weaker Now this solution is more easily effectuat in a humide body which is actually hot than in one which is cold This sort of thirst is curable also by Pearls Coral c. For when such things are put into the stomach the Salt of the corrosive humor doth affix it self to the atoms of the Pearls Coral c. and so the humor is dulcified as is Vinegar when affused to Corals Red-lead c. and loseth its corrosive quality and then the thirst ceaseth Here we cannot but inquire after the cause and cure of that common and troublesome distemper vulgarly called the Heart-scade We conceive that it is caused by acide and corrosive humors which being congested into the stomach do irritat its expultrix faculty so that they are constrained to mount upwards to the throat where the greatest pain and trouble is found because the corrosive humor having excoriat the Oesophage or Wezand it is still most sensible of the mordication of the humor which is most active upon the uppermost part upon which it beateth with violence So this may be called an imperfect vomiting because there is but little or nothing expelled at the mouth the humor descending again into the stomach The cure of this turbulent distemper consisteth 1. either in the evacuation of the peccant humor which is the perfect cure or 2. in the correcting of its
unpleasant smell most like to that of the yoke of a hard boyled Egg and most unlike to the smells of not-inflamed Brimstone and Moffet-Wells which argueth the indigestion of the combustible Sulphur 2. Or slow because the salts c. of the Brimstone and Tartar do within few hours assix themselves to the sides and bottom of the vessel wherein they were boyled and then beginneth the fore-mentioned loathsome smell as was said concerning the fermentation of Vrine Now that the reliques of the combustible Sulphur which are mixed with the water do recrudesce appeareth hence that this putide water doth extinguish fire and its relicts do not take flame as doth the Sulphur which is by the salts detained into the precipitated pouder The same cometh to pass when the double quantity of the pouder of Lime is mixed with Brimstone and both are destilled together for then some few drops only of almost insipide but stinking Phlegme like the fore-mentioned water impregnat with the combustible Sulphur of Brimstone and Salt of Tartar do exstill although you should augment the fire unto the liquefaction oâ— the Glass Retort thus was I cheated in seeking after Schroderus his Oleum Sulphuris rubrum described in his Pharmacop Med. Chym. lib. 〈◊〉 cap. 28. Here you may take notice that it is inpossible to extract out of Brimstone a sulphureors and combustible â—…uor without mixing with it some other body containing a combustible Sulphur because the combustible Sulphur of Brimstone is so united to it's salts and so detained by them that it cannot be separated from them without the actual touch of fire and when it is so touched it becometh presently inflamed and consumeth totally as was asserted We said 1. that Brimstone could not in a natural manner communicat to earth or water any putide smell 2. That by the salts only of Tartar or of Lime the solution in water and indigestion of the combustible Sulphur of Brimstone can be produced because neither Nitre Salt-Amoniack nor Sal-Gemmae which only are true Mineral-salts can produce the solution in water or indigestion of the foresaid Sulphur Neither will the longest infusion or decoction of Brimstone in water produce the solution and indigestion of it's combustible Sulphur because it is most strictly united to it 's proper Salts Seing these things are collected from our own proper experiments only wâ— are of opinion that from them may be concluded that it is most probable that the water of Moffeâ— Wells passeth not through Brimstone seing thâ—â—he solution in water and indigestion of it's comâ—ustible Sulphur cannot be caused by any true mâ—â—eral Salt and the Salts of Tartar and Lime by which only the fore-mentioned effects can be proâ—…ced neither were nor ever can be found is the veins of the earth through which the wateâ—… do run The fore-mentioned Author otherwayes most learned in the beginning of his 9. chap. of hâ—… 4. Book of hot Baths judgeth also amiss in saying that the cause of fervide Fountains is an actual fire in these words Seing the waters do spring abroad very fervide or hot we must of necessity confess that an actual fire above all degrees of heat is beneath them for the very waters themselves do bewray the very substance of fire it self a most hot quality and the operations likewise of fire they burn observe here that the Author useth two words incendunt and urunt by the former of which if he do mean that they do inflame or kindle he is yet further in the wrongâ— for there is no solid body more easily set on fire then Gun-powder is nor is there any liquide body of a more facile inflamation then the rectified spirit of Wine is and yet neither of these could ever be inflamed by any such waters as he mentioneth neither by the most rectified Aqua-fortis which according to his judgement hath as many degrees of hear as any of these waters of which he writeth vesicat destroy sense expilat whatsoever Animals are cast into them then excoriat a little and at length do consume the flesh and enervat to the very bones all which are the effects of fire These things are spoken amiss 1. because the very contrary effects are at some times produced by bodies which are most hot as when the most rectified spirit of Wine and all sulphureous Oyles which are drawn out of Spices as also the Oyl of Lamer do not destroy sense but revivifie it when it is destroyed and as it were dead as in the Palsie 2. There be two bodies viz. Iron which no man did ever call more hot then cold and Aqua-fortis which is composed of Nitre and the Salt of Vitriol which are really cold radically frigide the mixture of which in a Glase Cucurbite covered with it 's Still produceth a great heat ebullition and destillation and that without the external adhibiting of the heat of fire Now this heat ariseth not from actual fire seing the forementioned bodies are not firy nor hot but rather from the motion of the corrosive Aqua-fortis whilst it operateth upon the Iron for dissolving of it for motion produceth heat as when a piece of Lead which is of it self most cold contracteth heat being beaten by an Iron Pestill or Hammor which also are naturally cold That actual fire is in neither of these two bodies and that it produceth not this heat appeareth hence that the most rectified Spirit of Wine which is most easily inflamed when mixed with Aqua-fortis whilst it is dissolving Iron conceiveth not flame but doth debilitat the action and totally prohibite it for a time But we shall easily shew that Aqua-fortis and every acide Spirit as the Spirits of Vitriol Nitre Brimstone c. which do vesicat burn as it were c. are not hot but cold by proving that every Salt especially the fixed is cold seing the fore-mentioned Spirits and water are only Salts converted into Liquors either by the heat of the fire or humide air Arg. 1. And 1. we say that all Physicians both Hermetical and Galenical do acknowledge that Nitre the Spirit of Vitriol which Angelus Sala in his 6. chap. concerning the nature of the spirit of Vitriol asserteth to be borrowed from Brimstone and to have the same virtues and properties with the spirit of Brimstone and which in the 10. chap. he acknowledgeth to be hot in the fourth degree the Spirit of Brimstone c. do refrigerat although they do say that they do it accidentally only and by de-obstruating As for example when some drops of the Spirit of Vitriol which they call hot by de-obstruating the pores of the body do conciliat a more facile entry to the refrigerating water I do acknowledge that it is not admirable that this opinion thus masked with the specious dress of probability and vulgarly believed because established by the authority of Antiquity hath hitherto inclined the reasons of all men to an assent and conformity unto it but yet upon the evidence of hope we dare
the Regulus of Antimony and in this operation we perceived no sign of the revivifying of any parts of the Mercury although it was done by the great violence of fire 3. The artificial and simple ferment is the proper and natural ferment of any simple body which produceth a fermentation in any simple or composed body to which it is artificially applied As when the juyce of a Lemmon Wine or the proper Mercury of the stomach of a beast do produce the fermentation of Milk 4. The artificial and composed ferment is a ferment made of many others as the common Earning which is made of the stomach of a beast c. by which Milk is ordinarily fermented or curded Here observe 1. that the natural ferment doth sometimes produce a more exact fermentation than the artificial As when the natural ferment of Milk doth produce a more exact separation of the sulphur from the rest when it causeth it pass to the superior part in the Cream although that separation must be afterwards perfected by motion in reducing it to Butter than the artificial ferment whether simple as the juyce of a Lemmon or composed as the common Earning or Runnet which do not so exactly separat the Butter from the earthy part c. of which the Cheese is composed for both the Cheese and the Whey are most capable of further fermentation whereby their heterogeneal parts will be exactly separated from each other 2. It is the Mercury which is excited by external heat that produceth the fermentation of a body as doth appear in Milk which being sufficiently fermented that is whose sulphur c. are sufficiently separated from each other contracteth a sharp and mercurial taste which is gradually augmented according to the different hours and dayes of its fermentation as is known to every Rustick that maketh Butter Likewise Ale which is sweet before that it be fermented doth contract the very like taste which doth reside into the Mercury excited by external heat and permeating all the liquor and fixing some of the sulphureous parts for a great external cold will impede the fermentation or working of Ale when it is fermented To these you may add that the Bilious humour contained in the body of a living creature is in two respects as it were a ferment 1. In respect of the Chyle it is a natural and simple ferment for it is generated of the natural and proper ferments of meat and drink which produceth a separation of it self from the blood Melancholick humour and Phlegme and of these from each other by fermentation And in this resolution of Chyle Blood answereth to Sulphur Choler or the bilious humour to Mercury Urine though impregnat with some Volatile and Fixed-salts to Phlegme and Melancholy to the Fixed-salt contained in the earthy part 2. In respect of the whole body for it is commonly yet deservedly called a natural Clyster which doth irritat the expultrix faculty of the Intestines into which it daily sloweth out of its natural receptacle the Gall for the purging forth and separation of the excrements From the premisses you may collect the manner how some purgatives do open the belly For when purgatives are put into the stomach as into a Retort which hath a stroup arising from its upper part serving for the re-affusion of that liquor which did once exstill by the other that it may be re-destilled For the Wezand or Oesophage answereth to that stroup in the Retort they are altered by its heat and by the heat of the circum-jacent parts and their proper Mercuries which do exstill by the nether orifice of the stomach called the Pylorus which answereth to the common stroup of the Retort do produce a commotion and fermentation of the humours in the Intestines and thereafter in the progress of this destillation-like operation the Sulphur and Volatile-salt being commoved and exstilled they do by a certain occult quality which is only known to God the Creator and to which the creatures of this All-knowing-God must have their recourse seing that we know only in part excite and irritat the expultrix faculty to expell and when the strength of the purging Medicine is proportionat to the strength of the body the bad humours only which are onerous and most hurtfull to nature are purged forth For then nature retaineth the good and usefull humours although they be commoved with the rest But if the Medicine be in its strength disproportionat to the constitution and strength of the body then the good as well as the bad are promiscuously purged forth and that painfully Because that such things only as should are not excerned as said Hippoc. lib. 1. Aphor. 2. I said 1. that the occult quality of the Sulphur and Volatile-salt did irritate the expultrix faculty the first Liquor only wherein Rubarb hath been infused doth purge by irritating the expultrix faculty because the Sulphur and Volatile-salt are dissolved in it 2. That this irritation of the expultrix faculty ought to be ascribed unto an occult quality seing the Sulphur and Volatile-salt of Lamer are neither purgative nor vomitive because the Sulphur and Volatile-salt of Rubarb are simple Bodies which cannot be by Art resolved into heterogeneal parts that the causes of these effects which they produce might be known But when a Medicine made of Antimony or such-like is exhibited vomiting proceedeth purging by stool because the abounding humors in the Stomach which are volatile not that they contain Volatile-salt but only because bilious for the most part which do occasion a nauseating by their spontaneous tending upwards as a bird in flying are suddenly commoved by the Sulphur c. of the Antimony c. And not finding a facile egress by the neather Orifice they are by nature forced upwards I shall add this assertion to what hath been said and endeavour to render it's verity indubitable The knowledge of fermentation is the great key of Nature which the Former of all things hath put into the hands of man for the unlocking of her secret Cabins that he might the more clearly behold her greatest mysteries The truth of this will become unquestionable if you will but consider 1. that thereby he is greatly inabled to resolve the Bodies of Animals and Vegetables for such are best resolved when fermentation is premitted As when fermented Barley affoardeth a most subtile active and ardent sulphureous Spirit which it would exhibit under a grosser and oleaginous form if it should be destilled without a previous fermentation And Milk is better resolved into Wig which by destillation may be converted into an insipid Water and a Mercurial Spirit Butter and Curds by fermentation in a Churn then into unpleasant water c. by destillation because of the empyreuma accompanying them 2. The knowledge of fermentation discovereth the reason why all meats whether they be made of Animals or Vegetables which are fermented are more easily digested and do nourish better than such as are not fermented As
for example fermented Bread i. e. soured is more castly digested and yieldeth better nourishment than any other doth because it 's sulphureous part is subtilized and loosed by fermentation which maketh it to be the more easily and quickly separated from the Bread whil'st it is a concocting in the Stomach And for the same reason the fleshes of all sorts of Animals are fittest for being eaten the second or third day after their mactation as the practice of all doth prove Moreover do we not delay the drinking of Wine Sider Ale Beer c. untill they be fermented for then they do nourish most and are of a most facile digestion because their alimentary parts especially the Sulphur are by fermentation loosed from the terrestrial and gross subject wherein they did formerly reside and are subtilized and evected to a more subtile and spirituous consistence which rendereth them more plyable to the operation of the natural heat and are not these subtilized alimentary parts the thing which doth inebriat a weak Brain for a little time held over the Vessel wherein Wine or Ale c. are fermenting It is certainly undenyable because if Wine or Ale were put into a Still artificially adjusted when the fermentation begins to appear you should without the assistance of Vulcan at the end find some of those subtile Spirits condensed into an ardent Liquor in the receiver In the Medico-Philosophical discourses of Dr. Thomas Willes a Physician at Oxford the perfection of whose Learning my quill is not able to describe you will find many things concerning fermentation which were never heard of before and which are for the most part consonant to what is here all which were but lately published in Latine and came to our hands two moneths after these and what followeth were written And in them is the nature of fermentation more exactly described then ever 10. The differences of Colours do proceed from the different degrees of the concoction of the Sulphur as the colours of Red-roses Gillofers Violets c. do without doubt proceed from th Sulphur which is concocted untill it contract a red blew or the like colour whereof it was destitute when impregnat only with viridity in the juyces which nourished the Flowers For when the Salt of a Vegetable containing perfectly concocted Sulphur as of Worm-wood Fincle the Vine c. is mixed with the tinctures of those Flowers they do presently contract a green colour because the Salt produceth an indigestion and recrudescence of the Sulphur For the first colour of any Vegetable is green which proceedeth from the crudity and imperfect digestion of the Sulphur which becometh red or blew c. when it is further concocted by nature as it happeneth in the fore-mentioned Flowers and in the leaves of many Vegetables as of Trees c. which become yellow c. when they attain unto maturity I said 1. The salt of a Vegetable because no Minerall-salt as Nitre Amoniack c. doth render the Vegetable Sulphur indigested 2. The Salt of a Vegetable which containeth perfectly concocted Sulphur because the Salt of Scurvy-grass which is a Vegetable not containing perfectly concocted Sulphur or such like do not render the foresaid Sulphur indigested You may observe by the way that the Spirits of Nitre Common-salt Vitriol and Brimstone do perfect the foresaid tinctures which were made green by re-investing them with their former colours although the same Spirit of Brimstone ascending from it in smoak when it is inflamed for the foresaid Spirit of Brimstone is nothing else but the smoak which ascendeth from inflamed Brimstone and is afterwards condensed into a Liquor as you shall hear doth albisie a recent Red-Rose and the Oyl of Tartar will invest it with greenness if it be a little broken and infused in the Oyl We acknowledge that we have never as yet attained to the knowledge of the causes of these rare and wonderfull effects especially seing we are of opinion that the fore-mentioned Liquors and all Salts are not hot but cold as shall appear hereafter We said before That the differences of Colours do proceed from the different degrees of the concoction of the Sulphur or from the alterations produced in the Sulphur by the actions of corrosive bodies the truth of which assertion we will further essay to demonstrat by shewing according to our own opinion the manner how Blood the different sorts of Bile and Melancholy do acquire their different colours It is vulgarly asserted by Physicians that excrementitious Bile is of four kinds viz. 1. Bilis Vitellina which is general of yellow Bile 2. Porracea which taketh it's original from the Vitelline 3. Aeruginosa proceeding from the Porraceous 4. Glastea which oweth it's original to the Aeruginous all which they affirm Majori semper adustione generari plures caloris gradus acquirere And concerning Melancholy they write thus Dum Melancholia excrementitia praeter naturam se habet atra Bilis apellatur quae ferventissima est acerrima ex Melancholia naturali Bile flava sanguine vâ—l pituita salsa generatur We humbly decline the giving of our assent unto those opinions though generally received by the ablest of Physicians and will in the like manner offer our own to which we will premit these two assertions 1. Salt and all bodies wherein it doth predomine are cold and moist as will afterward be proven by several arguments 2. Every Liquor is salt acide or sharp i. e. acris because of the admistion of Salt These things being premised we are of opinion that Blood containeth Sulphur Salt Spirit c. but more Spirit and Salt or Salinous Spirit than Sulphur when the Chyle is first converted into blood in the second concoction because this Salinous Spirit is to serve for other uses than the alimenting of any part for in the second concoction it is the chief agent in producing the red colour of Blood by it's action upon the Sulphur of the Chyle Moreover another part of it by operating after another manner upon some other part of the Sulphur produceth the yellow colour in Bile which being generat is sent to the Gall that it 's gradual emanation from thence may like a natural Clyster irritat the expultrix faculty of the Intestines Lastly another portion of it by altering a third portion of the Sulphur produceth the blackish colour in the Melancholick humour which Nature maketh retire to the Splen that by it's crasser parts it may aliment the Parenchymatous substance thereof and by it 's more subtile and penetrating parts it may promove the digestion of the Stomach c. The truth of these things will easily appear to any who will be at the pains to observe the destillation of Honey and the gradual alterations of the colours in the Liquors exstilling to which operation of Art this of Nature viz. the generation of Blood Bile and Melancholy may be well compared because of the great resemblance which is betwixt them
Moreover none will question the truth of our former assertion if they will but consider that as of the juyce of Celledon which is of the colour of Bilis vitellina the green leaves of it are made when it is further concocted by nature and thereby it 's Sulphur doth suffer a new alteration by the action of it's acide spirit upon it whereby the Vitelline or yellow colour in the juyce is converted into a green in the leaves Likewise the Mercurial Acide and fermentative part of Bilis slava by producing a new alteration upon the Sulphur it deposeth it's first yellow colour and acquireth a Vitelline which is a darker yellow As also the green juyce of a Leek is generat of the white juyce contained in it's root then it 's greener leaves inclining to an Aeruginous colour likewise it 's whitish Flowers So is the Porraceous Bile generat of the Vitelline the Aeruginous of the Porraceous the Glasteous of the Aeruginous and the black or Atra Bilis of the Glasteous and that without any adustion For wood which is a little burned becometh black Char-coal and when it is fully burnt it is converted into white ashes Should he not deservedly be termed the most ridiculous of Naturalists who would affirm that the redish colour of Copper and yellow colour of Brass are by adustion converted into a green colour when they contract their green rust which is commonly called Aerugo by reason of the action of Vinegar apon them Likewise that the brounish colour of the tincture of Nut-galls is by adustion converted into a black colour when Vitriol is mixed with it in making of Ink. This is so well known to Dyers who not by ustion but by the admistion of Salinous Bodies which do so operate upon the Sulphurs of others that they change them from one colour into another and so communicat divers colours unto one and the same Cloath that if any of them did understand the actions of acide Spirits upon sulphureous Bodies they would affirm that opinion concerning the transmutation of colours by ustion to be cachinno dignam Here we cannot but mention two considerable things and offer our opinion concerning their causes The one is concerning some Vegetables in general and the other concerning the Hous-leek in particular As to the first it is vulgarly known that there are many Vegetables as the Housleek Ivy c. whose leaves do not fade or wither in the Harvest or Winter but do remain as green and succulent then as they were in the Summer We conceive the cause of this perennal viridity is two-fold 1. The imperfect concoction of their Sulphur which as you read a little before perpetually accompanieth viridity in Vegetables and is not capable of evaporation as is the Sulphur of other Vegetables when they come to maturity that is when their seeds are ripe so long as the Vegetative life is not extinguished because of it's more strict union with their salts which do detain it and so prohibiteth it's avolation 2. The salt of those Herbs being more nitrous than the salt of other Herbs it is more firmly united to the Sulphur which in such is still more resinous as in the Fir-tree c. and therefore doth more strongly detain not only the Sulphur but also the aqueous humidity from evaporating As to the second it is well known that the Hous-leek being suspended in the air with it's roots doth not at first wither as Wormwood c. but accress to a greater bigness shooting forth new leaves and a stem Before we offer our opinion concerning the reason of this we will first acknowledge that this accretion is not a proper growth as when the roots received aliment from the earth because as one or two leaves do pullulat from the top as many at the root fade and become dry These leaves therefore which do germinat from it's centre do not spring forth because of any nourishment which the root doth receive from the ambient air but because the juyce of the root and former leaves doth â—ede into new leaves and a stem for they do wither more then if they had been separated from one another and dryed apart But in progress of time all the Herb fadeth and ceaseth to germinat any more by reason of the totall exhalation of the vegetative Spirits and their aliment by insensible transpiration For the same reasons the Onion being preserved in a convenient place all the Winter fadeth but little and being suspended in the air in the Spring it shooteth forth new leaves which are alimented by the remainders of the subtile Sulphur and Volatile-salt which hath not been exhausted by evaporation From what hath been said it appeareth impossible to make the magisterial Powders of all Vegetables according to Dr. John Zuelfer who did lately reform the Augustan Dispensatory by his Animadversions thereupon his Prescript in these words contained in his Animadversions upon the composed and simple Balsams Take saith he of the leaves of Rue or Red-Roses most richly endued with their native colours as much as you please and boyl them in water adding a sufficient quantity of the Oyl of Tartar Add to the strained decoction water impregnat with Allom and a thick matter like Pulse will precipitat or fall to the bottom and if the Herb was green it will be green and if red it will be red as in Roses and such like Flowers because the Oyl of Tartar is the salt of the Vine converted into an Oyl by deliquation neither doth the dissolved Allom reduce the green tincture unto redness These are the things which we thought expedient to premise and concerning which we must acknowledge that there were but some of them at first intended and the others occurring unto us as consequences from the rest or worthy the inserting have made this Preface of a bigness disproportionat to the following Book 〈◊〉 Concerning which some rigid Momus will possibly say as Diogenes Laertius de vita Philosophi lib. 6. affirmeth the Cynick Diogenes to have said when he came to the City Myndus and saw a little City and magnificent Ports viz. Viri Myndii Portas claudite nè Urbs vestra egrediatur 〈◊〉 You Myndians shut your gates lest your Town run out by them I answer that it is sometimes most expedient that it be so in some rustick Buildings such as this is especially where there are much Cornes and Hay to be carried home upon great Waggons And therefore I do intreat the courteous Reader not to censure me too much seing I have been necessitated to take in considerable store ouâ— of all the three Families of Animals Vegetables and Minerals And in confidence thereof I will now set about the describing of the Wells MOFFET WELL OR A Topographico-Spagyricall description of the Mineral Wells at Moffet in Annandale of Scotland WE thought it fitting to present you first with a Topographical delineation of the Wells and to declare the maner of their becoming not
shall most wilingly acknowledge an errour in the interim In magnis voluisse sat est That is In things of great excellency Let the endeavour satisfie And upon this account we will plead for pardon for there is no man ΑΠΑÎΤΑ ΣΟΦΟΣ I. E. Omniscient AN APPENDIX Concerning the saltness of the SEA c. THat the truth of what hath been said may shine more clearly we must refull some opinions of D. John French who in the 2. Chapter and 22. page of his Book entituled the Yorkshire Spau asserteth That there can no other reason be given for hâ—t springs than the fire which burns in the very cavities and caverns of them the cavities themselves consisting of or rather being replenished with a Bituminous matter For Bitumen and these things which are made of it being kindled burn in water as Camphire also doth a very long time which could not be unless it were fed by the moisture of the water which it did attract and convert into its own nature And in the 14. Chapter concerning the putidâ— Sulpher-well about the middle of page 107. The stinking odour thereof I suppose is caused from the vaporâ— of the burning Bitumen and adust terreness mixt therewith which lye nor far from the head of the Will And page 106. the â—aliness of the Sea proceedeth from the Salt of the burnt Bitumen which is dissolved in the water that ranÌ„ through these veins of the earth wherein it was which page 106. and 107. he confirmeth by the example of the Lake called Asphaltites And in the beginning of the 108. page he asserteth That it cannot be rationally conceived that the whole Sea received all its salt into its self at one time after a natural way and therefore being such a great body must become sultish by little and little even insensibly The falsehood of these opinions will manifestly appear by considering 1. That it is more like an untruth than a truthâ— that there is a perpetual subterraneal fire of burning Bitumen which doth naturally heat the wawater 1. Because it is not probable that there was ever so much Bitumen in any subterraneal place as would by itâ— flame have heated the waters which do every where spring out of hot fountains 2. Neither is it probable that there is so much air in any cavity of the earth as would necessarily for to avoid the penetration of dimensions give place to so much flame as would hear so much water 3. If the inflamed Bitumen did producâ— the foresaid heat then the fire would change 〈◊〉 place when it followeth its aliment and so the water of the fountains would not be alwaies impregnat with the same degree of heat because the fire which heateth them would not alwaies be equidistant from the fountains In the 25. page of the forementioned Book the Author answereth to this argument saying that flame is nourished two wayes 1. When it followeth its food as in the burning of wood 2. When the food followeth the flame as doth Oyl in a Lamp and thus saith he is the flame of the Bitumen nourished neither is this falsified by the flame of Brimstone which followeth the mater For saith he the Bitumen is melted by the great heat and so it followeth the flame and continueth the flame in the same place But I reply 1. That flame doth alwaies follow its food neither doth Oyl follow the flame in a Lamp but one part of the Oyl being continuous to another doth follow it whilst it is a consuming by the flame That you may the better understand this you would take notice of the reason why some sulphureous bodies as Camphire Turpentine c. do of themselves take and conserve flame when others as Tallow Bees-wax Oyl of Olives c. do neither take nor conserve it but by the help of others as of Linnen cloath Paper Rushes c. The cause of these things we conceive yea affirm to be this that the first sort are bodies which contain much Salt for they are very sapide which doth still detain the Sulphur even when it is converted into flame and the last sort are bodies almost void of Salt because insipide almost which do not take flame because they cannot conserve it unless they be associat to the Sulphur of another body containing much Salt which detaineth its proper Sulphur and so take flame with it From these things it doth appear that flame doth alwaies follow its food especially seing the threeds of the Candle and Lamp do wast and consume by the flame whilst it followeth the Sulphur of the threeds which is its food whose consumption is retarded by the Tallow in the Candle and Oyl in the Lamp which do nourish it 2. It is not probable that all the Bitumen is liquified 1. Because the flame of the kindled Bitumen liquifieth only the parts which are nearest to its self as happeneth in a Candle Brimstone red Wax c. 2. Whosoever will say that the Bitumen followeth the flame because it is melted he must also confess that there is some other sire beneath or above the Bitumen which melteth it and this would infer the absurd progress in infinitum 3. Nor can the flame of the kindled Bitumen by heating the caverns of the earth liquifie the rest of the Bitumen because as was said it is not probable that there is a place in the bowels of the earth which would contain so much flame as would by its heat liquifie all the Bitumen which is within four five or six miles unto it the contrary whereof must of necessity be confessed by him who will assert that the flame of the kind led Bitumen changeth not its place by following its food 2. It is most falâ—… that Bitumen Camphire and such like which burn in water do retain their flame longer than if they were out of the water because they convert it into their own nature by which means it becometh food to the flame but the cause of their longer burning in the water is rather because their external supersices the uppermost only excepted are humected by the water which prohibiteth the flame to seize upon all their external parts as happeneth when they are inflamed out of the water and so they burn longer because a few only of their parts are inflamed No man who will be at the pains to put a little inflamed Camphire into water will question the truth of this For he will see the flame excavat the Camphire and at length extinguished when it penetrateth unto the external parts into which the water hath insinuat it self 3. Although the flame of Bitumen were in the veins of the earth yet its vapors could not communicat any putide smell unto the water 1. Because of the fore-mentioned reasons when we wrote of inflamed Brimstone 2. Because they contain no terrestrial adust matter For 1. no such matter capable to communicat such a smell doth ascend from any body whilst it is a destilling and far less therefore
whilst it is a burning 2. Because smell proceedeth only from Sulphur whereof such earth which did pass through the sire would be most destitute It were therefore more consonant to reason and truth to say that the pâ—…tide smell of the fountain of which this Author writeth doth proceed from the Sulphur of Bitumen or of any other thing which is recrudescing and evaporating whilst it is a fermenting 4. Seing the Sea is a great body it is more probable that all its salt was concreated with it in the very instant of its creation than that its saltness was by little and little communicated unto it by the salt of the Bitumen which was burned in the caverns of the earth For 1. seing sea-salt which nature coagulateth in many places as at the Rochel in France and in many places of Spain is such an usefull and necessary thing for man it is incredible that God who created so great a variety of creatures for the use of man did not at the beginning creat it with the rest than many of which it is more usefull 2. Seing every pound of Sea-water containeth about a drachin of salt and the Asphaltick ' Bitumen which is found upon the shore of the Lake Asphaltites which is called eminently saltish scarcely containeth any saltness that 's perceptible by the taste it is probable that a mass of Bitumen though calcined and equiponderating the terrestrial Globe could not communicat so great and perceptible saltness to so great a body as the Sea is Moreover the ashes of the Asphaltick Bitumen from which the Sulphur is separated by burning do scarcely contain any saltness for it is a sulphureous body which of it self will hardly take or retain flame unless it be associat to the Sulphur of burning coals 3. Seing it is most probable that the saltness of the Asphaltick lake proceedeth not from the Bitumen which is not dissolved in the water but swimmeth only above upon it and is thereby at length ejected upon the shoreâ— it is more probable that neither the fastness of the Occan is communicated unto it by the Bittimen seing it containeth no such matter 4. Seing 1. the Lâ—kâ— Asphaâ—…es is in the same place where were Sodâ—m Gomorrah and the valley which was full of bitumenous or slymie Genes 14.10 and salt See the English Annotations on Joshua 15.62 pâ—ts 2. Seing then the foresaid Cities and vâ—lley were calcined or incinerat by Fire and Brimstone which we proved to be most faltish which came down from heaven Gon. 19.24,25 3. Seing the ashes of all calcined bodies do contain a fixed salt which naturally attracteth the humide air that so it may be dissolved by diâ—…quation without all doubt the great saltness of that Lake which is called eminently saltish proceedeth only from the ashâ—s of those things which were then calcined whose salt did attract the humidt air which did convert it into a liquor which was afterwards augmented by Rain and the Rivulets which ran that way So that it is probable that that water is 〈◊〉 for no other cause seing there are many great Lakes whose sweet waters do peretrat as far into the bowels of the earth as the waters of the Asphaltick-lake and many bayes of the Sea do Moreover this continual attraction of the air because of the Salino-sulphurcous spirit that is diffused through it produceth in the air a perpetual circulation of suâ—phureous and salâ—nous spirits for the fixed salt of the water attracteth the saline-sulphureous spirit and the more volauâ—e parts whether salinous or sulphureous which are dissolved in the strange humide body do constantly attempt an avolation which rendreth the birds valetu â—inary when they transvolat the Lake and at length killeth them And it is the very-like circulation of spirits which causeth persons who are not accustomed to navigation upon the Sâ—a nauseat or vomit when these salinous and suâ—phureous spirits which are in their circulatory motion do enter the body with the air Now that there is such a salino-sulphureous spirit which is the universal yet subservient to the first cause of generation really existing in nature is sufficiently proven by these four not ordinary arguments 1. The earth which was within the limits of the flux and reâ—…ux of the Sea remaineth barren for a time after that the Sea deserteth it viz. untill that Salino-sulphureous spirit have insinuat it self into it for whensoever this cometh to pass then all sorts of vegetables whose seeds or roots were seminated or planted there or brought thither by the rain from circum-jâ—cent places begin to germinat in it 2 It is the very Salino sulphureous spirit which insinuateth it self into the earth that is almost most barren and maketh it more fertile when it is not manured for two or three years and the penetration of this spirit into the ground is promoved by the relicts of its proper Salt which attracteth it But when earth that hath not been manured for a long time becometh barren which happeneth sometimes as I was informed by one skilfull in Agriculture that ought to be ascribed unto the super-abundance of spirits which doth often impede generation for a woman immediatly before her menstrual flux doth seldom conceive For which look the second Thes that was disputed in medicinal School at Paris Nov. 23. 1656. or to some other disease known perchance to Husband-men 3. It is the very Salino-sulphureous spirit which is diffused through the air that maketh Heathy wilde and almost barren places more fertile when it is attracted by the Lime which they cast upon the ground for the fixed Salt of the â—ials which is united to the earth of the stones by calcination when the Lime is a making promoveth the attraction of the foresaid spirit and so the earth is rendred more apt for the generation of Vegetables which require more Salinous and sulphureous spirits 4. In the Isles of Orkney the attraction of this Salino sulphureous spirit is greatly promoved by the salt of the Sea-ware and ashes of Peats wherewith the inhabitants are accustomed to dung their lands which are also much fatned by the abundant Sulphur of the same vegetable Here I will acquaint you with an observation which by many reiterated experiments I know to be most certain And it is this when Logh-leeches are applied to the inhabitants of Orkney they fall off sooner and suck less blood than when they are applied to such as live in the South-parts of the Kingdom I conceive the reason of this to be the saltness and acrimony of their blood which maketh those Animals constantly to desist longâ—… they be full of blood and this acrimony or saltness doth without all doubt proceed from the salt of the forementioned Sea-ware which causeth the Barley and Oats the only Corus which grow there to be more salt then in other places where the earth is not dunged with the foresaid vegetable and ashes This also with the much eating of salted Fishes by the vulgars there is
62.4 Married Cephas John 1.42 A stone Dan Gen. 30.6 A judgment El-beth-el Gen. 35.7 Elymas Acts 13.8 A Sorcerer Ephraim Gen. 41.52 Fruitfull Gad Gen. 30.11 A troup or band Hephzibah Isaiah 62.4 My delight in her Ichabod 1 Sam. 4.21 Where is the glory Jedidiah 2 Sam. 12.24,25 Beloved of the Lord. Jerubbaal Judg. 6.32 Let Baal avenge Joseph Gen. 30.24 Increasing Issachar Gen. 30.18 An hire Ishmael Gen. 16.11 God hath beard Israel Gen. 32.28 A prevailing with God Levi Gen. 29.36 Joyned Loammi Hos 1.9 Not my people Loruhamah Hos 1.6 Not having obtained mercy Melchizedeck Gen. 14.18 and Heb. 7.2 King of righteousness and peace Moses Exod. 2.10 Drawn out Naphtali Gen. 30.8 Wrestling Seth Gen 24.25 Simeon Gen. 29.33 Hearing Zebulun Gen. 30.20 Dwelling Moreover the pious and learned Interpreters being most zealous to advance the knowledge of God and of the Scriptures did upon the margents of many Bibles set down the interpretations of the most part of the proper names I shall only add that Mr. Culpeper his censure of those Chapters in the Chronicles savoureth of no less presumptuous impiety than first the taxing of Almighty God His Wisdom and Will in not authorizing the holy Pen-men of the Scriptures to explicat all the proper names as they did the most considerable Secondly that he would have had the Interpreters to have added unto the Scriptures the explications of those proper names which are not explicat in the original text by doing of which they should have made themselves the object of that dreadfull threatning Revel 22.18 As for that expression of his Whole sentences in Scripture are so translated that it would make a man sick to see them I shall only say this of it that no ingenuous and rational man would have so impudently asserted so great a paradox and untruth without instancing some particular sentence for proving of his assertion It is one of Mr. Culpeper his own physical sentences that physick without a reason is like a pudding without fat the like whereof may very well be said of this his extravagant assertion destitute of probation It is admirable that Mr. Culpeper who in his Epistle prefixed to his Translation of the London Dispensatory assumeth unto himself fellowship with Christ and his Apostles and likeness to God did not take the pains to translate or correct some of those Scriptures which he reprehended But his surviving wife in her Epistle prefixed to his Treatise of Aurum potabile seemeth to give a sufficient reason for this omission in these words My husband left seventy nine books of his own making or translating in my hands Also my Husband left seventeen books compleatly perfected in the hands of Mr. Cole for which he payed my Husband in his life-time Let the sober and judicious Reader judge of the probability of this considering that he had not above nine years for this work and his astrological studies also for he began not to write till the year 1648. or 1649. and he died 1654. or 1655. and whether or not many books have been printed in his name since his death which were not written some years after the same particularly that book entituled Arts Master-piece or the beautifying part of physick whereby all defects of nature in both sexes are amended age renewed youth continued and all imperfections fairly remedied Never before extant though long since promised by Mr. Nic. Culpeper but now published by B. T. Doctor in physick London printed 1660. Concerning this book I have these six things to acquaint you with 1. That it is most probable Mr. Culpeper never wrote it else his Relict had published it as she hath done other books since his death 2. The publisher of it in the Title-page putteth B. T. for his name but at the end of his Epistle to all truly virtuous Ladies â—e setteth L. D. which discrepancy reflecteth not a little upon the Publisher as well as upon the Printer 3. In the Title-page he affirmeth these Experiments to be so far discovered that every man may be his own Apothecary but it is most probable that the Penner of them was as ignorant of the knowledge of that ingenious art as a Mole is destitute of the visible faculty for pag. 71. he ordereth the making of an Oyntment without Oyl or any unctuous liquid body 4. Many if not the most part of the prescriptions contain 1. either such things as are most costly as that Oyntment pag. 70. to cause a beard for the making of which he prescribeth three ounces of Musk. 2. Or such things as cannot easily be gotten as pag. 71. the blood of a Batt for making of an Oyntment for hindering the growth of hair And pag. 73. the turd of a Mole for making of another Oyntment to the same purpose And pag. 77. the blood of a Tortoise for making an Oyntment to take away the hair 3. Or else such things as are ridiculous because not seconded with reason As pag. 79. the Gall of a white Ox for making of a liniment to whiten the hair as if the Gall of a red or black Ox would not serve as well And pag. 100 Grass-plantane the rine taken off and washt nine dayes in spring water for making an oyntment for leprous faces Those nine dayes of purification might be sufficient for bleetching both the herb and the face into other colours 5. Frustra sit per plura quod fieri potest per pauciora That is there might be from amongst the Tautological farrago of those prescriptions some few composed of the choicest simples for every several distemper there mentioned which would prove more usefull than any of these which are so confusedly set down 6. The book is no wayes answerable to its promising Title-page which may give just ground to suspect that the effects of those remedies will be as disproportionable to the expence that men must be at in trying of the experiments It is a most infallible token of ignorance cheating and foolish ostentation for a man to prefix a most flourishing Title-page to his book which doth scarcely deserve any at all such as is that book entituled A discovery of subterraneal treasure viz. of all manner of Mines and Minerals from the Gold to the Coal with plain directions and rules for the finding of them in all Kingdoms and Countries And also the art of melting refining and essaying of them is plainly declared so that every man that is indifferently capacious may with small charge presently try the value of such eares as shall be found either by rule or by accident As also a way to try what colour any berry leaf flower stalk root fruit seed bark or wood will give with a perfect way to make colours that they shall not stain nor fade like ordinary colours London Printed 1653. and are to be sold by Humphrey Mosley at the Princes Armes in St. Pauls Church-yard This book consisteth of nine sheets only and is so miserably defective in performing any