putred before it came unto the small and last extremities of the veines why should one of them for example Phlegme or Choler be separated from its three other fellowes to putrefie in banishment so far from its own inhabitation Or what foolish separation is that which should pull away an innocent humor from its compound to so absurd and â—rivolous ends and purposes And why therefore doth not the same fever continue during life seeing the same separator persisteth during life What Schoolmaster is hee which admonisheth this separator to take up in time and to be wiser At least if the extremities of the veines do corrupt that putred humor the veines themselves shall be more corrupted and so they should fall into an inexcusable Gangren Ph. But what if there should some cause lie luâ—king in the very extremities of the veines which cals that guiltless humor to its self that it might putrefie it near it self where it is more subjected to the power thereof Py. That might be more compendiously done in that bloud which is near unto it over which it hath greater dominion and from whence it would be as free for it to separate Phlegme or Choler as it is for a purging medicine to do it commonly Ph. But what if it should have prepared the putred humor out of the bloud that 's nearest to it Py. Then should it in vain expect a fitting quantity of Choler for two dayes together Ph. What if this humor should putrefie before it arrive unto the veines extremities Py. Then the Schools should contradict themselves and the seats of intermittent fevers should not be in the habit of the body but in the first work houses of the humors Ph. But what if the putred humor should be totally dispersed out of the veines into the habit of the body at one fit till it be consumed Py. Then why should that separator at least or driver since nothing is moved of it self which is not vital be less generous in the bowels then hee which is placed in the extremities of the veines Ph. Nay further to what mad end should this passage of the putred humor be made from the mesenterie by the Liver and Heart to the extremity of the veines Py. It is a passage full of danger and it is to be feared least the whole bloud should presently by the putredness and deadly venome thereof be defiled through its frequent thorow-course For either Galen tels us a large lie or humane Nature doth of her self medicate her own destruction And by this meanes that necessity of Revulsion which boast to be done by bloud-letting faileth Insomuch as by the proper power of intermittents the putrâ—d humor revelled or puld back from the nest of its gâ—neration at hours appointed yea it of it self runneth to the extremities of the veines unless peradventure this Revuâ—sion may bee thought dangerous which must all be made by the heart and through the hollow vein as well in intermittents as by bloud-lettings Again either all the feverish matter is by particular fits drawn from the nest of its nativity or not all If all there will be no cause of return if not all why should not the new humor which putrefies against the comming of particular future fits rather move a feverish fit by its putrefaction then by its expulsion In that the trouble and pain is greater while parulent matter is in making then when it is made In this case why should not the seats of fevers be rather in the place of putrefaction then in places by which it passeth while it is expelled Nay why should Choler or Phlegme in the Bowels putrefie when the Appetite returneth and Thirst and Watchsulness are absent suppose on the quiet dayes of intermittent fevers and the putrefaction thereof doth not disturb the order of affairs in the work-houses of the humors Why should Melancholy made upon Monday putrefie into a tipe putrefaction in two dayes and that which was made the day following putrefie in one day onely as much as the former did in two dayes If both shall make a joint fit of a Quartan upon Wednesday Why should not that which was made upon Munday move its fit upon Wednesday and that which was made upon Tuesday its fit on Thursday And consequently if any where made upon Wednesday move its fit upon Friday Ph. Heere doubtless Physitians will wiâ—h a Spanish shrug lift up their shoulders bend their eye-brows and accuse occulâ— proprieties when they are constrained to make answer to things known unto the senses by their credited and supposed madnesses Py. Yea and why at last in the shakings of a Tertian will they have that to be Gall which is vomited in the beginnings of fits and say that Nature moveth this way if the course of Nature in the same time doth quire contrary proceed from the Centre to the veines extremities Ph. Indeed Nature doth not in one anâ— the same instant move two opposite motâ—ons inward and outward â—specially for the sake of one excrement which is though to be Gall. Py. You say well But why doth not this vomiting take away so much of the outragiousness of the fit as the exâ—ulsion of that excrement was copious which they hold to be the very matter of the Tertian But if there be vet any remainder left of Choler after the fit in its work-houses why should it rather putrefie new Choler then those humors which radically annexed to it How comes bitter vomiting thirst and so great signes of hurts to trouble the stomack while the dreggs and filth of the mischief should have for the most part gone unto the exâ—emiâ—â—es of the veines to cause the shâ—kings But such as have issues perceive that within two dayes that they have had their fevers there come forth but few if any excrements which doubtless should be many if so much feverish filth should every fit pass to the exâ—remities of the veines and habit of the body Ph. The Schoois take great joy in these causes of shakings so pleasantly seigned and so fondly credited Py. Let them but why doth Galen attend more unto the quantity of the humor then unto the dutifull obedience of it Would no Choler by reason of its heat and fluxibility be more ready to follow or attend upon that which is putrefactive then Phlegm would be But why doth not Choler move a fit eveâ—y day if the less half thereof suffice to make a Tertian Considering that the greatest half thereof is cast out by vomit And to conclude he should have told us how many ounces of putred humor should be requisite for every fit Whether six or seven 7. What quantity of Choler requisite to make a fit of a Tertian after the Schools for twice as much is often cast out by vomiting about the bâ—ginning of a Tertian and yet the fit is nothing less Therefore if yet seven ounces are gone unto the mouths or extremities of the veines and twelve other ounces be cast ouâ— by
though dung wax hot while the putrefaction is in making yet all the heat ceaseth before the beginning of the putrefaction made And by this reason the heat of dung doth not square with the feverish matter if it must long before lye putred as they 13. The degree of heat in a putresceÌ„t thing is not able sufficiently to heat the whole man in a fever say hid in receptacles and in a Quartan continually and very long neither is the degree of heat in dung so fitted that it should be dispersed from the putred centre to the soals of the feet but it would burn the centre of the body whence that putred humor issued Ph. It should seem then that example of dung in fevers is utterly impertinent Py. It is so and the rather because they do teach thereby that cold comes before heat For in Nature putrefaction causeth heat no where much less in vitals For in the things 14. Putrefaction no where cause of heat putrefying cold is necessary If it bee deprived of life which is the fountain of our heat Ph. In the sound days of intermiâ—tent fevers we complain not of heat neither doth cold trouble us Py. Yet they suppose the humors to be at that time putrefied Therefore if heat and cold do causally succeed â—ach other in the putrefied and there be cold before heat alwayes successively in fits of fevers cold is more innate to putredness then heat iâ— And for that cause we measure the length of the disease by the continuance of the cold and not of heat in fevers Then at length I shew'd that all feverish heat comes wholly from the Archeus and therefore ceaseth before death when cold and putrefaction grow stronger It implies a contradiction also that heat in fevers should proceed from any thing putred and should first be enflamed in the heart it self from whence all putredness is banished And in fine heat is not kindled in dung out 15. Dung not hot from putrefaction of its own putredness For if it should be daily sprinkled with new horse-piss it will not grow hot no not for a year together Yet it is certain that urine preserveth not from putredness but doth increase it rather Ph. If I be not deceived they might more 16. Why they took not their feverish heats froÌ„ hot baths properly and truly have taken their heats from hot bathes and lime then from horse-dung Py. They might but that the causes of these heats were not so well known unto them and therefore they thought it more safe for them to pitch upon the putredness of horse-dung onely Neither was it material whether they had taken or borrowed the feverish essence rather from heat then cold or any other symptomes seeing they are equal and fellow-acâ—idents of fevers Ph. Then is their study alwayes to war 17. Ignorance of roots drew the Schools to the considerations and remedies of effects against accidents of fevers Py. It is so but there was some reason for it Ph. What I pray you Py. Because they did not know the roots thereof Ph. But now it being manifest that material things are the very matter it self how will they cure who imploy all their curing endeavours upon or against heat onely The similitude of horse-dung and of feverish heat dedicated to or rather cast upon putrefaction is at least disparaged also is it not Py. Doubtless it is for dung when it begins 18. Dung loseth the heat when it beginneth to putrifie but a little to putrefie it shakes off heat immediately For so long as it can wax warm Artists draw Saltpeter from it but when it is hot they leave it to Peasants as unprofitable to their purpose But the Schools accuse the putredness of humors and that of 19. A great blindness of the Schools one and the same humor as well for cold as heat and both in extreams And consequently one and the same should of it self immediately make two opposites Therefore of necessity one of these must be of it self the other by accident Now if it could be the childe of Putrefaction of it self it cannot in possibility thrown or the whole oâ—der of curing hiinclude heat essentially but by accident only Buâ— if heat of it self be the son of putrefaction then would not a fever begin with cold Yet it is plain enough out of what hath been formerly said that the Schools take or think putrefaction to be the essence of fevers and heat and cold to be accidents associaâ—ing putrefaction Wherefore Galen saith when 20. Galen coâ—victed of error Bloud is putâ—efied it becomes Choler Which text if they admit of this Choler was putrefied in its bâ—ginning or not If it were putred it should make a Tertian and not a Synochus 21. Bloud in veines never putrefied and therefore what they fable of Synochus is erroneous or putred Causon Let our School Physitians therefore know that Bloud never putrifies within the veins but when the vein also putrefies with it as in Gangrens and Mortifications And hence therefore they who let bloud that it may not putrifie within the veins make use of that former fallacy called Petitio Principii So do they who affirm that a Synochus comes out of putred bloud of the veins And they also who tel us that Bloud putrefied is turned into Choler Ph. How is this to be proved Py. I prove it thus The veins retain their 22. Presidents proved bloud fluid even in dead bodies and that by consent of all Anatomy But bloud gone out of the veins presently thickens into clotts for the coâ—agulation of bloud is onely the beginning of corruption and the way to separation of the whole If therefore the vein shall keep the bloud from corruption in a catkass much more shall it do it in those that are living by an aâ—gument a Minori ad Majus Indeed the strange excrements retained in veins do putrefie as well such as are of their proper as those that are of any other digestion as elsewhere touching digestions but the bloud never putrefies within them as being by consent of Scripture the seat and treasure of the life If therefore the life it self cannot preserve its own seat and treasure from corruption while it is within the veines when will it then preserve it Or how shall it ever be free from corruption Again if the life keep not the bloud wherein it glideth from putrefaction how shall the 23. Guiâ—â— or dowry of veins bones be preserved The veins therefore are ordained by the Creator to keep the bloud from corruption because the life is confirmentated or mixed like leven together with the bloud of the veins 24. Nature or School doctrine ruined Ph. It being thus it seems to me that under this question either the glory comeliness and destination of Nature is overhitherto adored by Physicians is destroyed Py. Well go to By what signes do the Schools to be putrefied Is it not by
reserve it self against this defect to continue the sever which should otherwise perish through the penury of Cholâ—r Or whether did Nature please her self in the custody of a putred Choler But if this Cholâ—r flowing out of the veines be not putred then Nature should be mad and surious to dissolve the bloud that she might have something for the continuation of the suture sever But the Galenical Schools confess it putred and that a putred humor is every fiâ— powred out by the veines and carried into the slender extremities of them and that that is the cause of the trembling of the fit and of the exceeding cold thereof the putrefâ—ction of which humor while it is there more increased should presently after be the cause of heat in such extremity Ph. How relished you this Py. I esteemed these as dry stubble unworthy tales miserable old wives fictions and ignorances most pernicious to humane Nature Ph. But did not Fernelius fiâ—st detect this ignorance of the Schools Py. He did so and therefore Rondeletius 18. The merit of Ferâ—elius and his fellow Galenists inveighed against Fernelius as a desertor of the Schools and an Apostata But Fernelius was the first that smelt out the nest of intermittents to be about the stomack and next Gut unto it called Duodenum and about the Pancreas also which we call Sweet-bread as likewise he established the seat of continual fevers about the heart But he had not the boldness to decline from the old way of curing fevers He began indeed openly to dispute against the precedent Schools about the nest of fevers but he afterwards hid himself amongst his abdita and not able to shake off those straw-made shackles of putred humors he suffered both the knowledge and the essences of fevers also to be taken from him Ph. But what saith Paracelsuâ— to this business Py. Paracelsus being terrified by the rigor 19. The rashâ—ness and inconstancy of Paracelsus of fevers perswading himself hee had the knowledge of all fevers sure enough tickled by his own invention of an allegorical Microcosme defines a fever to be a disease made of Sulphur and Nitre And in another place that it is the earth quake of the little world â—â— if Sulphur and Nitre should be made much colder then themselves as bâ—ing drawn out of the mud or slime which he cals Limus or Limbus of the Microcosm which afterwards should of their own accords be set on fire by the burning Etna Now as Galen in the search of causes stumbled every where and therein shewed himself to be no Physician whose name he saith is Iventor Occasionis so Paracelsus with a wonderous liberty is faln in his Microcosmi Parâ—emius unworthy a Physitian Ph. It would prove an hard law to precipitate 20. Man no Microcosm if we obey the Scripture a man nakedly to have a relation or a reference to the Microcosm in the miserable necessities of all diseases Py. I therefore rejoyce with my self that I bear the Image of the living God and not of the world Ph. It should seem then that this good man was deceived Py. Nothing more certain In that hee knew not that fire burneth no where unless 21. Paracelsus deceived it be first kindled neither knew hee any flint in us or steel or any thing to strike them one against the other in the point or instant of the beating of the flint howsoever he dissemble the business and indeed there was no necessity of them no nor of gunpowder to produce a feverish heat unless we were to be burnt up the first stroke and torn in pieces Therefore the matter of actual Sulphur and Salt-peter are wanting in us So is the connection of them both together neither is there actual fire within us And in fine there wants a body which could tolerate this burning though it were but for a moment Wherfore the causes and originals of fevers in the Schools are trifling songs and very fables THE FOURTH MEETING OF PHILIATRUS AND PYROSOPHILVS About the Examination of Bloud-letting in Fevers Ph. GOod Sir let mee hear your opinion of Bloud-letting in fevers Py. You shall but before I go on to further scopes intentions or purposes I should repeat what I have elsewhere in a large Treatise demonstrated viz. That there are not two Cholers and a Phlegme in Nature as parts whereof the bloud consisteth Ph. No That were worth the hearing Py. It were and the rather because in this place where there is no mention made of any but putâ—ed humors those would of themselves be destroyed In that a putred 1. One reasoÌ„ against humors the rest elswhere animal is no longer animal But this discourse of fevers requires a more succinct brevity of me Ph. Use your pleasure Py. I will therefore onely examine two generâ—l helps in curing Ph. What are those Py. Bloud-letting and Purging Ph. These are as it were the two Pillars of Physick if you should dealâ— otherwise then well with them the whole house would of its own accord fall upon the heads of Physitians For if these helps should be taken away Physitians must forsake their Patients as not having other medicines then such as doth diminish stâ—engâ—h and body 2. Galen's universal prâ—position for Phlebotoâ—y Py. These therefore I will touch upon in general For by the consent of Galen bloud-letting is required in every fever except an hectick Ph. What arguments bring you against the Schools and the destructive custome of these times in this occasion Py. Such as follow viz. Bloud letting 3. A Syllogism against him where there is no necessary indication thereof that is where there is no proper use of it is unprofitable But in fevers there is no necessary indication thereof therefore bloud-letting in fevers is unprofitable Ph. What if they deny your Major Py. I prove it thus becâ—use the end is the first director of the causes and disposer of the means unto it self wheresoever therefore the end shews not a necessity of the means those means not being requisite to that end are impertinently used Especially where a contrary indication tels us that we cannot let bloud without dejection of our strength or forces Therefore these means are foolishly appointed which are by the end declared to be used in vain unprofitably and with diminution of those forces Ph. How prove you your Minor Py. Horatius Augenius proves it by three books written to that purpose wherein he teacheth by consent of the Academies that onely a Phlethora or too great fulness of the veines that is too great aboundance of the bloud is that which shews when bloud-letting is to be used Noâ— that directly for the curing of fevers but for the evacuation of that fulness but there 's never any Phlethora in fevers Therefore there is never any need of bloud-letting in fevers And consequently iâ— is altogether unprofitable Ph. I must confess the conclusion is new and paradoxical and therefore it should be proved
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Art of Simplng an introduction to the knowledge and gathering of Plants wherein the Definitions Divisions Places Descriptions Differences Names Verâ—ues times of flourishing and gathering Uses Temperaâ—ures Signatures of Plants To which is added a Discovery of the Lesser World by W. Coles 72. Wilsfords Arithmetick made plain to the easiest capacity in two books viz. Natural and Decimal being most useful for all Gentlemen Merchants shop-keepers and all others by Tho. Wilsford Gent. 73. Adam in Eden the Paradise of Plants a Description oâ— all our Englâ—sh Plants wild or otherwise with their Signaturâ—s applied to the parts of the body of Man wich their Physical use that a man may be his own Physitian the ingredients being to be had in every field and gaâ—den made publâ—ck by W. Coles M. D. for the benâ—fit of all English men 74. The perfect Cook a right method of the Art of Cookety restoring the whole practice to a more refined way then was ever before extant 75. 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