and_o consequent_o the_o one_o will_v descend_v when_o the_o other_o can_v as_o for_o example_n suppose_v a_o sphere_n of_o a_o inch_n diameter_n be_v put_v into_o a_o oily_a fluid_n who_o resistance_n be_v just_o equal_a to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n in_o the_o descend_a body_n there_o be_v a_o aequilibrium_fw-la the_o former_a will_v swim_v in_o the_o latter_a now_o if_o another_o sphere_n of_o two_o inch_n diameter_n and_o of_o the_o same_o intensive_a gravity_n be_v put_v in_o the_o same_o fluid_a in_o gravity_n or_o force_n by_o which_o it_o will_v separate_v the_o particle_n of_o the_o fluid_a will_v be_v eight_o time_n great_a than_o the_o descend_a force_n of_o the_o former_a sphere_n and_o if_o in_o resistance_n be_v also_o eight_o time_n great_a it_o be_v plain_a that_o it_o also_o can_v not_o descend_v but_o the_o resistance_n be_v always_o as_o i_o note_v before_o as_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o descend_a body_n be_v only_o in_o the_o present_a case_n four_o time_n great_a which_o will_v not_o equal_v the_o force_n of_o its_o gravity_n and_o therefore_o the_o sphere_n must_v descend_v so_o in_o our_o present_a case_n though_o some_o small_a grain_n of_o dust_n or_o earth_n may_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o oil_n yet_o these_o when_o increase_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o a_o great_a many_o other_o which_o fall_v upon_o they_o augment_v their_o weight_n the_o same_o resistance_n continue_v and_o must_v fall_v to_o the_o bottom_n beside_o this_o the_o earthy_a particle_n fall_v from_o a_o great_a height_n some_o of_o they_o descend_v from_o place_n as_o high_a as_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o theorist_n will_v have_v they_o must_v needs_o in_o their_o descent_n â—â—â—â—ire_v a_o very_a considerable_a degree_n of_o velocity_n with_o which_o fall_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n they_o will_v not_o only_o by_o that_o force_n descend_v themselves_o but_o also_o carry_v down_o with_o they_o and_o condense_a whatsoever_o body_n they_o meet_v in_o their_o way_n or_o find_v swim_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oil_n now_o that_o the_o force_n of_o a_o descend_a body_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o perform_v this_o effect_n i_o think_v be_v clear_a to_o any_o who_o consider_v that_o a_o heavy_a body_n run_v down_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o a_o second_o and_o that_o the_o space_n through_o which_o it_o do_v move_v be_v always_o in_o duplicate_v proportion_n to_o its_o time_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o galileo_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o experiment_n of_o riscioli_n from_o whence_o by_o calculation_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o a_o body_n will_v run_v down_o four_o thousand_o mile_n in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o three_o second_n abstract_v from_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o air_n but_o if_o we_o will_v suppose_v but_o the_o hundred_o part_n of_o this_o space_n run_v through_o in_o that_o time_n allow_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o velocity_n will_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o swift_a bullet_n that_o can_v be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o cannon_n thus_o i_o think_v i_o have_v make_v it_o evident_a that_o the_o particle_n of_o earth_n after_o fall_v through_o the_o air_n can_v not_o rest_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o oily_a orb_n to_o form_v there_o a_o harden_a habitable_a 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o great_a gravity_n which_o the_o theorist_n acknowledge_v and_o be_v also_o plain_a by_o experience_n common_a earth_n be_v near_o twice_o as_o heavy_a as_o water_n but_o also_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o great_a force_n by_o which_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n fall_v upon_o the_o liquid_a orb_n which_o will_v carry_v they_o down_o towards_o the_o centre_n i_o hope_v now_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o any_o think_v man_n plain_o impossible_a that_o either_o oil_n or_o water_n shall_v sustain_v such_o a_o immense_a heavy_a orb_n in_o which_o be_v not_o only_o the_o soft_a earth_n which_o in_o few_o place_n in_o ten_o foot_n deep_a but_o also_o a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o stone_n and_o mineral_n much_o heavy_a than_o water_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o great_a heavy_a body_n must_v have_v sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n if_o they_o be_v leave_v to_o themselves_o and_o yet_o these_o body_n make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o our_o outward_a earth_n i_o know_v the_o theorist_n do_v bold_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o metal_n nor_o mineral_n in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n but_o this_o be_v both_o contrary_a to_o reason_n and_o scripture_n for_o the_o holy_a scripture_n tell_v we_o that_o tuhal_v cain_n before_o the_o flood_n be_v a_o instructor_n of_o every_o artificer_n in_o brass_n and_o iron_n and_o i_o will_v fain_o know_v how_o there_o can_v be_v such_o artificer_n before_o the_o flood_n when_o according_a to_o he_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v as_o metal_n beside_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a to_o build_v a_o ark_n that_o shall_v contain_v all_o the_o terrestrial_a and_o aerial_a animal_n without_o iron_n the_o american_n without_o any_o iron_n make_v themselves_o small_a cannoe_n of_o one_o solid_a piece_n of_o timber_n which_o they_o hollow_v by_o burn_v but_o it_o will_v be_v a_o strange_a tree_n that_o be_v of_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o ark_n and_o can_v contain_v so_o many_o animal_n as_o it_o do_v these_o thing_n do_v in_o my_o judgement_n plain_o show_v that_o the_o theorist_n opinion_n in_o this_o point_n be_v utter_o false_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v i_o think_v it_o may_v be_v clear_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d can_v never_o be_v deduce_v from_o a_o chaos_n by_o the_o sole_a help_n of_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a to_o any_o one_o who_o have_v eye_n though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o wise_a philosopher_n of_o another_o opinion_n that_o the_o land_n be_v high_a than_o the_o water_n and_o it_o be_v also_o plain_o experience_v that_o common_a arable_a earth_n or_o clay_n be_v much_o heavy_a than_o water_n and_o if_o we_o descend_v into_o the_o mine_n or_o pit_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o matter_n there_o to_o be_v three_o or_o four_o time_n heavy_a than_o the_o earth_n above_o now_o it_o be_v plain_a from_o what_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o in_o a_o chaos_n the_o true_a change_n that_o will_v follow_v from_o mechanical_a principle_n and_o natural_a cause_n be_v that_o if_o all_o be_v fluid_a the_o heavy_a &_o solid_a body_n will_v subside_v and_o fall_v to_o the_o centre_n every_o one_o take_v place_n according_a to_o the_o specific_a gravity_n so_o that_o the_o light_a body_n will_v always_o be_v force_v uppermost_o the_o earth_n therefore_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o water_n must_v of_o necessary_a place_n itself_o nigh_o the_o centre_n and_o leave_v the_o water_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a orb._n thus_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v inhabit_v by_o any_o other_o animal_n than_o fish_n but_o in_o how_o much_o wise_a order_n than_o this_o have_v the_o great_a creator_n of_o the_o world_n place_v all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a gravity_n of_o the_o land_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a than_o the_o sea_n and_o thereby_o make_v fit_a and_o habitable_a both_o for_o man_n and_o beast_n without_o the_o help_n of_o natural_a and_o mechanical_a cause_n which_o will_v have_v produce_v the_o contrary_a effect_n several_a other_o argument_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o fâ—â—me_n of_o this_o world_n be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o counsel_n and_o not_o of_o the_o necessary_a and_o essential_a law_n of_o motion_n and_o gravitation_n which_o can_v never_o have_v either_o make_v or_o support_v the_o world_n i_o always_o wonder_v at_o the_o wild_a and_o extravagant_a fancy_n of_o the_o philosopher_n who_o think_v that_o brute_n and_o stupid_a matter_n will_v by_o itself_o without_o some_o supreme_a and_o intelligent_a director_n fall_v into_o a_o regular_a and_o beautiful_a structure_n who_o part_n shall_v be_v so_o extreme_o well_o adapt_v to_o various_a use_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o result_n of_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n i_o will_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o theorist_n in_o his_o 10_o the_o chap._n lib._n 2._o in_o the_o construction_n of_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n say_v he_o there_o be_v more_o of_o thought_n and_o contrivance_n more_o of_o exquisite_a invention_n and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n than_o be_v in_o all_o the_o temple_n palace_n ship_n theater_n or_o any_o other_o piece_n of_o architecture_n the_o world_n ever_o yet_o see_v and_o not_o architecture_n only_o but_o all_o other_o mechanism_n whatsoever_o engine_n
writer_n of_o hydrostaticks_n that_o a_o sphere_n who_o centre_n of_o gravity_n be_v the_o same_o with_o its_o centre_n of_o magnitude_n if_o put_v in_o a_o fluid_fw-la of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o itself_o will_v retain_v any_o give_a position_n and_o therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o earth_n gravity_n or_o equilibration_n why_o the_o position_n of_o its_o axis_fw-la shall_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a rather_o than_o any_o other_o of_o its_o diameter_n chap._n v._o of_o river_n the_o theorist_n have_v represent_v to_o we_o the_o first_o earth_n as_o a_o smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a body_n without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n in_o the_o 5_o chap._n of_o his_o second_o book_n he_o start_v a_o great_a difficulty_n how_o it_o be_v water_v from_o what_o cause_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n how_o can_v fountain_n rise_v or_o river_n flow_v in_o a_o earth_n of_o that_o form_n and_o nature_n he_o have_v shut_v up_o the_o sea_n with_o thick_a wall_n on_o every_o side_n and_o take_v away_o all_o communication_n that_o can_v be_v betwixt_o it_o and_o the_o external_a earth_n he_o have_v remove_v all_o the_o hill_n and_o mountain_n where_o the_o spring_n use_v to_o rise_v and_o whence_o the_o river_n descend_v to_o water_v the_o face_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o last_o he_o have_v leave_v no_o issue_n for_o these_o river_n no_o ocean_n to_o receive_v they_o or_o any_o place_n to_o disburden_v themselves_o into_o so_o that_o his_o new_a find_v world_n be_v like_a to_o be_v a_o dry_a and_o barren_a wilderness_n and_o so_o far_o from_o be_v paradisaical_a that_o it_o will_v scarce_o be_v habitable_a these_o indeed_o be_v great_a difficulty_n and_o the_o theorist_n have_v acknowledge_v they_o to_o be_v such_o for_o he_o say_v there_o be_v nothing_o in_o his_o whole_a theory_n that_o give_v so_o rude_a a_o stop_n to_o his_o thought_n as_o that_o part_n of_o it_o concern_v the_o river_n of_o the_o first_o earth_n but_o as_o the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a and_o as_o one_o will_v think_v insuperable_a so_o no_o doubt_n the_o glory_n that_o redound_v to_o the_o theorist_n must_v be_v nothing_o less_o if_o they_o be_v clear_o take_v away_o to_o understand_v therefore_o what_o the_o state_n of_o the_o primitive_a river_n and_o water_n will_v be_v he_o find_v it_o necessary_a to_o consider_v and_o examine_v how_o the_o rain_n fall_v in_o the_o first_o earth_n and_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o order_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o a_o will_v be_v very_o different_a from_o what_o it_o be_v now_o there_o can_v be_v no_o violent_a motion_n there_o nor_o any_o thing_n that_o proceed_v from_o extremity_n of_o cold_a as_o ice_n snow_n or_o hail_n and_o as_o for_o wind_n they_o can_v neither_o be_v impetuous_a nor_o irregular_a in_o that_o earth_n of_o he_o see_v there_o be_v no_o mountain_n nor_o any_o other_o inequality_n to_o obstruct_v the_o course_n of_o the_o vapour_n nor_o any_o unequal_a season_n nor_o unequal_a action_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o as_o for_o water_n meteor_n dew_n and_o rain_n there_o can_v not_o but_o be_v plenty_n of_o these_o in_o some_o part_n or_o other_o of_o that_o earth_n for_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o raise_v vapour_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o very_o constant_a and_o the_o earth_n be_v at_o first_o moist_a and_o soft_a and_o according_a as_o it_o grow_v more_o dry_a the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v pierce_v more_o deep_a into_o it_o and_o reach_v at_o length_n the_o great_a abyss_n which_o lie_v underneath_o and_o be_v a_o unexhausted_a storehouse_n of_o new_a vapour_n now_o the_o same_o heat_n which_o extract_v these_o vapour_n so_o copious_o will_v also_o hinder_v they_o from_o condense_v into_o rain_n in_o the_o warm_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o there_o be_v no_o mountain_n or_o contrary_a wind_n or_o any_o such_o cause_n to_o stop_v or_o compress_v they_o they_o will_v take_v their_o course_n where_o they_o be_v least_o resist_v which_o be_v towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o cold_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o east_n and_o west_n they_o will_v meet_v with_o as_o warm_v a_o air_n and_o vapour_n as_o much_o agitate_a as_o themselves_o which_o therefore_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o their_o progress_n that_o way_n but_o north_n and_o south_n they_o will_v find_v a_o more_o easy_a passage_n so_o that_o the_o concourse_n of_o vapour_n which_o be_v raise_v chiefty_a about_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o middle_a part_n of_o it_o will_v be_v towards_o the_o extreme_a part_n or_o the_o pole_n when_o these_o vapour_n thus_o drive_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o cool_a region_n near_o the_o pole_n they_o will_v be_v condense_v into_o rain_n for_o want_v there_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o agitation_n namely_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n their_o motion_n will_v soon_o begin_v to_o languish_v and_o they_o will_v fall_v close_o to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o form_n of_o water_n thus_o he_o think_v he_o have_v find_v a_o sufficient_a source_n for_o water_n in_o the_o first_o earth_n which_o will_v never_o fail_v neither_o diminish_v nor_o overflow_v but_o though_o he_o esteem_v this_o a_o inexhaustible_a store-house_n and_o a_o easy_a way_n to_o furnish_v water_n yet_o if_o it_o be_v narrow_o examine_v he_o will_v find_v it_o not_o in_o the_o least_o sufficient_a for_o such_o a_o effect_n for_o first_o according_a to_o his_o own_o hypothesis_n there_o can_v be_v no_o river_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n till_o the_o sun_n have_v crack_v the_o outward_a crust_n thereof_o and_o its_o heat_n have_v reach_v the_o great_a abyss_n which_o the_o theorist_n must_v needs_o own_o will_v require_v a_o very_a considerable_a space_n of_o time_n one_o will_v think_v it_o will_v be_v several_a hundred_o of_o year_n before_o the_o sun_n heat_n can_v perform_v such_o a_o effect_n during_o all_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n must_v be_v without_o water_n and_o river_n and_o lead_v very_o sad_a and_o uncomfortable_a life_n be_v this_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o golden_a age_n or_o be_v this_o consistent_a with_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o antediluvian_a father_n in_o my_o opinion_n it_o be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o the_o scripture_n for_o they_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o river_n immediate_o after_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o 2_o dly_a i_o will_v hereafter_o prove_v that_o the_o sun_n beam_n do_v never_o yet_o reach_v so_o deep_a in_o the_o earth_n as_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o first_o crustation_n must_v have_v be_v and_o consequent_o there_o never_o can_v arise_v any_o vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n to_o furnish_v the_o river_n 3_o dly_z suppose_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o have_v crack_v the_o crust_n and_o to_o have_v raise_v vapour_n from_o the_o abyss_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o can_v not_o do_v it_o in_o such_o a_o quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o furnish_v the_o earth_n with_o water_n and_o now_o the_o theorist_n will_v tell_v we_o what_o can_v be_v more_o sufficient_a than_o the_o whole_a orb_n of_o water_n sure_o this_o will_v do_v or_o else_o nothing_o can_v this_o he_o will_v say_v be_v a_o inexhaustible_a treasure_n that_o the_o river_n can_v never_o drain_v and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o want_n of_o water_n from_o thence_o yes_o there_o be_v reason_n to_o fear_v it_o very_o much_o for_o suppose_v that_o there_o be_v enough_o in_o the_o abyss_n yet_o perhaps_o the_o action_n of_o the_o sun_n will_v not_o raise_v so_o much_o as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o water_v the_o earth_n so_o there_o may_v be_v enough_o of_o gold_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o if_o we_o can_v come_v at_o it_o we_o shall_v never_o be_v the_o rich_a for_o it_o that_o i_o may_v examine_v this_o i_o will_v suppose_v that_o the_o mouth_n of_o these_o crack_n which_o the_o sun_n be_v say_v to_o have_v make_v by_o its_o heat_n to_o be_v a_o 1_o 10000_o part_n of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n this_o will_v exceed_v 2600_o square_a mile_n which_o i_o think_v be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o theorist_n can_v reasonable_o allow_v they_o for_o if_o it_o be_v but_o one_o continue_a crack_n round_o the_o equator_fw-la of_o a_o mile_n breadth_n it_o will_v not_o exceed_v 25000._o mile_n 2_o dly_z i_o will_v suppose_v with_o the_o theorist_n that_o one_o half_a of_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o present_a earth_n be_v land_n and_o the_o other_o be_v sea_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o mouth_n of_o those_o pit_n or_o crack_n must_v be_v one_o five_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a of_o the_o now_o ocean_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a
reason_n that_o i_o can_v be_v induce_v to_o believe_v mr._n whistons_n hypothesis_n that_o the_o earth_n have_v no_o diurnal_a rotation_n before_o the_o fall_n to_o be_v probable_a it_o seem_v to_o be_v far_o more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o philosophy_n that_o the_o earth_n receive_v both_o its_o annual_a and_o diurnal_a motion_n at_o the_o same_o time_n viz._n when_o it_o be_v first_o create_v these_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o principle_n remark_n that_o i_o have_v make_v on_o the_o original_a state_n and_o formation_n of_o the_o earth_n i_o will_v now_o brief_o consider_v his_o theory_n of_o the_o deluge_n which_o be_v in_o short_a thus_o he_o suppose_v that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o comet_n when_o it_o come_v below_o the_o moon_n will_v raise_v a_o vast_a and_o strong_a tide_n both_o in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n and_o in_o the_o abyss_n which_o be_v under_o the_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o moon_n do_v at_o present_a in_o the_o ocean_n that_o this_o tide_n will_v begin_v to_o rise_v and_o increase_v all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o comet_n &_o will_v be_v at_o its_o great_a height_n when_o the_o comet_n be_v at_o its_o least_o distance_n from_o the_o earth_n by_o this_o tide_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n he_o suppose_v that_o the_o abyss_n will_v put_v on_o a_o elliptic_a or_o rather_o a_o exact_o oval_a figure_n who_o surface_n be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o former_a spherical_a one_o the_o exterior_a crust_n of_o earth_n which_o lie_v upon_o it_o must_v conform_v itself_o to_o the_o same_o figure_n which_o it_o can_v not_o do_v as_o long_o as_o it_o remain_v solid_a and_o conjoin_v and_o therefore_o it_o must_v of_o necessity_n by_o the_o violent_a force_n of_o the_o tide_n be_v stretch_v and_o break_v and_o have_v innumerable_a fissure_v make_v quite_o through_o it_o after_o this_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o comet_n in_o its_o descent_n towards_o the_o sun_n pass_v close_o by_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n involve_v it_o in_o its_o atmosphere_n and_o tail_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n and_o leave_v prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o which_o be_v very_o much_o rarify_v after_o their_o primary_n fall_v will_v be_v immediate_o draw_v up_o into_o the_o air_n again_o and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n upon_o the_o earth_n and_o will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o forty_o day_n rain_n mention_v in_o scripture_n the_o other_o great_a rain_n which_o together_o with_o the_o former_a last_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o day_n be_v occasion_v as_o he_o think_v by_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o comet_n tail_n from_o which_o and_o from_o its_o atmosphere_n he_o derive_v one_o half_a of_o the_o water_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o deluge_n the_o other_o half_o he_o suppose_v be_v deduce_v from_o the_o subterraneous_a abyss_n the_o fluid_a whereof_o he_o say_v be_v force_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o vast_a and_o prodigious_a pressure_n of_o the_o incumbent_a water_n that_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n atmosphere_n and_o tail_n which_o he_o suppose_v will_v press_v downward_o with_o a_o mighty_a force_n and_o endeavour_v to_o sink_v the_o outward_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n by_o which_o vast_a quantity_n of_o the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n will_v be_v force_v and_o raise_v upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v that_o be_v make_v in_o the_o crust_n by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n by_o these_o method_n mr._n whiston_n suppose_v that_o there_o be_v water_n enough_o bring_v on_o the_o surface_n to_o cover_v the_o face_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n for_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o three_o mile_n that_o be_v above_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n but_o he_o further_o suppose_v that_o neither_o that_o water_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o comet_n nor_o that_o which_o be_v force_v up_o from_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v pure_a elementary_a water_n but_o rather_o a_o thick_a and_o muddy_a fluid_n which_o he_o say_v be_v heavy_a than_o water_n sink_v to_o the_o bottom_n and_o cover_v the_o earth_n for_o the_o depth_n of_o 166_o foot_n after_o have_v thus_o form_v the_o deluge_n his_o next_o great_a work_n be_v to_o remove_v these_o water_n which_o be_v bring_v on_o the_o earth_n and_o this_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v perform_v by_o a_o wind_n which_o dry_v up_o some_o and_o force_v the_o rest_n through_o the_o crack_n and_o fissure_v of_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o abyss_n in_o which_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v be_v before_o and_o from_o whence_o they_o be_v derive_v these_o be_v the_o supposition_n by_o which_o mr._n whiston_n pretend_v to_o account_v for_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n but_o though_o i_o can_v easy_o allow_v the_o first_o hypothesis_n to_o be_v true_a viz._n that_o a_o comet_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n come_v very_o near_o and_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n since_o its_o approach_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o only_o make_v possible_a but_o also_o very_o probable_a by_o he_o yet_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o the_o particular_a explication_n he_o have_v give_v of_o several_a of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o the_o deluge_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o as_o he_o have_v explain_v they_o seem_v to_o be_v no_o way_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o mechanic_n and_o philosophy_n for_o first_o though_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o comet_n when_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o earth_n will_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o prodigious_a tide_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v then_o on_o the_o surface_n yet_o i_o can_v perceive_v that_o such_o a_o effect_n will_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o abyss_n which_o he_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o dense_n and_o heavy_a fluid_n encompass_v on_o all_o side_n with_o a_o thick_a and_o solid_a crust_n of_o earth_n lie_v close_o upon_o it_o for_o tide_n be_v only_o a_o violent_a swell_a and_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n produce_v by_o the_o attraction_n of_o some_o great_a body_n that_o come_v near_o they_o if_o we_o shall_v suppose_v that_o the_o water_n be_v every_o where_o shut_v up_o within_o a_o solid_a orb_n lie_v on_o they_o so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n or_o space_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o move_v in_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n there_o can_v be_v no_o tide_n or_o agitation_n of_o the_o water_n but_o they_o will_v remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o before_o nor_o can_v they_o press_v strong_a on_o that_o orb_n which_o enclose_v they_o than_o sand_n gravel_n or_o any_o other_o firm_a and_o hard_a body_n will_v do_v that_o can_v fill_v their_o place_n all_o body_n whether_o firm_a or_o fluid_a be_v equal_o attract_v when_o the_o attract_v body_n be_v at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o they_o this_o be_v then_o the_o true_a case_n of_o the_o abyss_n which_o mr._n whiston_n suppose_v to_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o thick_a solid_a and_o upper_a crust_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o press_v so_o close_o upon_o it_o as_o to_o leave_v no_o void_a space_n at_o least_o not_o such_o a_o one_o as_o will_v make_v room_n enough_o for_o any_o considerable_a commotion_n of_o the_o water_n and_o because_o fluid_n be_v not_o more_o attract_v than_o solid_n be_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o by_o the_o tide_n of_o the_o abyss_n and_o the_o attraction_n of_o the_o comet_n there_o can_v never_o be_v produce_v any_o great_a effect_n on_o the_o crust_n which_o encompass_v the_o subterraneous_a fluid_n than_o if_o the_o whole_a earth_n have_v consist_v of_o firm_a and_o solid_a matter_n without_o any_o abyss_n it_o be_v certain_a therefore_o that_o since_o there_o be_v no_o tide_n in_o the_o abyss_n there_o can_v be_v no_o crack_n and_o fissure_v make_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o it_o to_o explain_v the_o great_a rain_n which_o fall_v on_o the_o earth_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o deluge_n mr._n whiston_n assume_v a_o proposition_n which_o i_o believe_v he_o can_v hardly_o prove_v viz._n that_o after_o the_o earth_n be_v involve_v in_o the_o comet_n be_v atmosphere_n and_o tail_n and_o have_v acquire_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o condense_a and_o expanded_a vapour_n that_o fall_v on_o its_o surface_n a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v much_o rarify_v will_v be_v draw_v up_o again_o into_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o descend_v in_o violent_a and_o outrageous_a rain_n now_o if_o we_o consider_v
clockwork_n or_o any_o other_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o the_o body_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n see_v then_o we_o acknowledge_v these_o artificial_a work_n wheresoever_o we_o meet_v with_o they_o to_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o wit_n understanding_n and_o reason_n be_v it_o not_o manifest_a partiality_n or_o stupidity_n rather_o to_o deny_v the_o work_n of_o nature_n which_o excel_v these_o in_o all_o degree_n to_o proceed_v from_o a_o intelligent_a principle_n let_v they_o take_v any_o piece_n of_o human_a art_n or_o any_o machine_n frame_v by_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o body_n of_o a_o animal_n either_o for_o diversity_n and_o multiplicity_n of_o workmanship_n or_o curiosity_n in_o the_o minute_n part_n or_o just_a connexion_n and_o dependence_n of_o one_o thing_n upon_o another_o or_o fit_a subserviency_n to_o the_o end_v propose_v of_o life_n motion_n use_v and_o ornament_n to_o the_o creature_n and_o if_o in_o all_o these_o respect_n they_o find_v it_o superior_a to_o any_o work_n of_o human_a production_n as_o they_o certain_o must_v why_o shall_v it_o be_v think_v to_o proceed_v from_o inferior_a and_o senseless_a cause_n aught_o we_o not_o in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o respect_n to_o proportion_v the_o cause_n to_o the_o effect_n and_o to_o speak_v truth_n and_o bring_v a_o honest_a verdict_n for_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o for_o art_n i_o desire_v the_o theorist_n may_v apply_v this_o excellent_a discourse_n to_o himself_o and_o consider_v whether_o this_o argument_n which_o he_o produce_v against_o the_o epicurean_o and_o atheist_n do_v not_o full_o show_v the_o absurdity_n of_o his_o own_o theory_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o mountain_n the_o theorist_n frame_v his_o antediluvian_n earth_n smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a without_o mountain_n and_o without_o a_o sea_n the_o proof_n which_o he_o bring_v for_o this_o bold_a assertion_n be_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o rise_v immediate_o from_o a_o chaos_n into_o the_o irregular_a form_n in_o which_o it_o be_v at_o present_a the_o chaos_n say_v he_o be_v a_o fluid_a mass_n which_o we_o know_v do_v necessary_o fall_v into_o a_o spherical_a surface_n who_o part_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n in_o a_o equal_a and_o even_a convexity_n one_o with_o another_o and_o since_o upon_o the_o distinction_n of_o the_o chaos_n and_o separation_n into_o several_a elementary_a mass_n the_o water_n will_v natural_o have_v a_o superior_a place_n to_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v manifest_a there_o can_v be_v no_o habitable_a earth_n form_v out_o of_o the_o chaos_n unless_o by_o some_o concretion_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n then_o last_o see_v this_o concrete_a orb_n of_o earth_n upon_o the_o face_n of_o the_o water_n will_v be_v of_o the_o same_o form_n with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v spread_v upon_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n that_o we_o know_v of_o to_o make_v a_o inequality_n in_o it_o we_o must_v conclude_v it_o equal_a and_o uniform_a and_o without_o mountain_n as_o also_o without_o a_o sea_n for_o the_o sea_n and_o all_o the_o mass_n of_o water_n be_v enclose_v within_o this_o exterior_a earth_n which_o have_v no_o other_o basis_n or_o foundation_n to_o rest_v upon_o this_o be_v the_o theorist_n great_a argument_n why_o the_o face_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n be_v smooth_a and_o uniform_a and_o without_o mountain_n which_o if_o we_o consider_v narrow_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o depend_v upon_o a_o precarious_a and_o false_a supposition_n namely_o that_o the_o great_a mass_n of_o matter_n which_o we_o have_v now_o for_o our_o earth_n be_v when_o in_o a_o chaos_n a_o entire_o fluid_a mass_n which_o be_v a_o hard_a thing_n to_o be_v grant_v since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o body_n we_o have_v in_o the_o earth_n at_o least_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v discern_v be_v hard_a and_o solid_a and_o there_o be_v not_o such_o a_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o will_v be_v requisite_a to_o soften_v and_o liquify_v they_o all_o beside_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o as_o stones_z and_o metal_n be_v uncapable_a of_o be_v liquify_v by_o water_n we_o must_v conclude_v therefore_o that_o the_o chaos_n be_v not_o so_o fluid_a a_o mass_n as_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o to_o have_v its_o surface_n even_o and_o uniform_a why_o may_v not_o there_o have_v be_v in_o this_o great_a mass_n huge_a lump_n of_o firm_a and_o solid_a matter_n which_o without_o any_o form_n order_n or_o regularity_n may_v be_v jumble_v together_o and_o swim_v up_o and_o down_o some_o on_o the_o surface_n and_o some_o within_o the_o fluid_a i_o will_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o to_o judge_v which_o appear_v most_o like_a a_o chaos_n this_o which_o i_o have_v describe_v or_o he_o which_o be_v a_o regular_a uniform_a fluid_n of_o a_o spherical_a figure_n so_o compose_v and_o mix_v with_o all_o body_n that_o no_o part_n of_o it_o at_o least_o at_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n be_v thick_a than_o another_o which_o must_v necessary_o fall_v out_o if_o the_o chaos_n have_v a_o exact_a spherical_a figure_n as_o the_o theorist_n suppose_v if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v plain_a by_o hydrostatical_a principle_n that_o there_o the_o fluid_n will_v rise_v high_a where_o it_o be_v thin_a or_o light_a and_o consequent_o it_o will_v not_o have_v its_o surface_n uniform_a equal_o even_o and_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n indeed_o methinks_v the_o theorist_n first_o figure_n of_o the_o chaos_n do_v very_o much_o contradict_v his_o own_o hypothesis_n there_o you_o may_v see_v represent_v great_a piece_n of_o hard_a and_o solid_a matter_n of_o no_o regular_a figure_n swim_v confuse_o in_o the_o fluid_fw-la any_o one_o of_o which_o seem_v to_o bear_v a_o far_o great_a proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a mass_n than_o the_o high_a hill_n can_v do_v to_o the_o whole_a earth_n but_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o all_o these_o hard_a and_o solid_a body_n be_v heavy_a than_o the_o fluid_a in_o which_o they_o swim_v fall_v down_o and_o compose_v the_o central_n solid_a and_o so_o far_o i_o must_v own_v indeed_o that_o all_o the_o body_n in_o that_o great_a mass_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o water_n if_o leave_v to_o the_o law_n of_o gravity_n will_v necessary_o fall_v down_o towards_o the_o centre_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o in_o such_o a_o great_a heap_n of_o matter_n and_o so_o different_a mixture_n of_o all_o sort_n mollia_fw-la cum_fw-la dure_v sine_fw-la pondere_fw-la habentia_fw-la pondus_fw-la there_o must_v be_v several_a that_o be_v specifical_o light_a than_o the_o water_n in_o which_o they_o swim_v and_o therefore_o after_o that_o the_o heavy_a have_v fall_v to_o the_o centre_n they_o will_v still_o float_v upon_o the_o surface_n so_o much_o of_o they_o be_v under_o water_n as_o will_v equal_v in_o quantity_n a_o bulk_n of_o water_n of_o the_o same_o gravity_n with_o the_o whole_a mass_n as_o it_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o archimedes_n 5._o proposition_n lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr insidentibus_fw-la humido_fw-la so_o that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mass_n stand_v out_o or_o be_v high_o than_o the_o fluid_n will_v compose_v a_o mountain_n and_o that_o hill_n may_v be_v thus_o make_v i_o think_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o observation_n of_o those_o who_o have_v fail_v in_o the_o northern_a sea_n where_o they_o see_v great_a mountain_n of_o ice_n float_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v but_o a_o very_a small_a difference_n between_o the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o water_n and_o ice_n it_o be_v as_o eight_o to_o seven_o according_a to_o mr._n boyle_n observation_n if_o then_o we_o will_v suppose_v all_o mountain_n hollow_a and_o full_a of_o cavern_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o to_o our_o certain_a knowledge_n that_o be_v so_o or_o else_o join_v to_o some_o light_a matter_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a composition_n may_v be_v light_a than_o water_n or_o the_o fluid_a chaos_n this_o will_v necessary_o produce_v mountain_n and_o now_o i_o hope_v the_o theorist_n will_v own_v that_o the_o evenness_n and_o uniformity_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o so_o necessary_a a_o consequence_n from_o its_o production_n out_o of_o a_o chaos_n as_o he_o at_o first_o imagine_v since_o i_o have_v show_v he_o how_o mountain_n may_v have_v be_v form_v from_o his_o own_o principle_n of_o statickâ—_n and_o gravitation_n yet_o i_o be_o of_o the_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v other_o principle_n concur_v to_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o world_n beside_o gravitation_n and_o the_o know_a law_n of_o motion_n which_o i_o think_v if_o leave_v to_o themselves_o will_v never_o produce_v any_o tolerable_a or_o habitable_a world_n but_o suppose_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o mountain_n unknown_a or_o impossible_a to_o be_v assign_v yet_o
still_o there_o remain_v the_o final_a cause_n to_o be_v inquire_v into_o which_o will_v do_v as_o well_o for_o our_o purpose_n for_o if_o i_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v as_o useful_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o they_o be_v now_o to_o we_o and_o that_o in_o our_o present_a state_n they_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a not_o only_o for_o our_o well_o be_v but_o also_o for_o our_o bare_a subsistence_n i_o think_v from_o thence_o it_o will_v demonstrative_o follow_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o primitive_a earth_n as_o well_o as_o in_o we_o and_o therefore_o the_o groundless_a assertion_n of_o the_o theorist_n that_o the_o face_n of_o the_o antediluvian_n earth_n be_v smooth_a regular_a and_o uniform_a be_v as_o false_a as_o it_o be_v bold_a and_o dare_a i_o know_v there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o man_n in_o this_o age_n who_o have_v exclude_v all_o final_a cause_n from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o philosopher_n as_o be_v unworthy_a of_o his_o enquiry_n suppose_v his_o business_n be_v only_o to_o find_v out_o the_o true_a formal_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o not_o to_o concern_v himself_o with_o the_o design_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o the_o god_n of_o nature_n make_v any_o thing_n but_o indeed_o these_o man_n have_v be_v so_o unhappy_a in_o their_o search_n that_o i_o dare_v bold_o say_v they_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o discover_v the_o true_a real_a and_o efficient_a cause_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o phaenomena_n which_o be_v not_o know_v and_o better_o explain_v before_o though_o they_o have_v pretend_v to_o lay_v open_a the_o essence_n and_o formal_a cause_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n how_o the_o universe_n be_v form_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o matter_n and_o motion_n but_o whatever_o they_o pretend_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o final_a cause_n be_v worthy_a of_o the_o consideration_n of_o all_o man_n and_o much_o more_o of_o a_o philosopher_n by_o they_o we_o be_v lead_v into_o the_o admiration_n of_o the_o wisdom_n of_o god_n and_o discover_v his_o care_n and_o providence_n over_o the_o world_n by_o they_o we_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o world_n can_v never_o be_v make_v by_o chance_n but_o it_o must_v be_v a_o be_v of_o infinite_a wisdom_n that_o form_v it_o for_o such_o various_a use_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o it_o and_o therefore_o by_o all_o wise_a and_o consider_a man_n they_o be_v much_o more_o to_o be_v value_v than_o efficient_a cause_n if_o they_o can_v be_v discover_v which_o only_o tell_v we_o how_o the_o thing_n be_v perform_v and_o not_o the_o use_n for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o discover_v the_o use_n of_o every_o thing_n in_o the_o universe_n but_o from_o the_o admirable_a contrivance_n of_o those_o thing_n the_o use_n of_o which_o we_o do_v know_v and_o from_o the_o infinite_a wisdom_n of_o god_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o conclude_v that_o every_o thing_n in_o nature_n have_v its_o use_n and_o be_v in_o some_o manner_n serviceable_a to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a they_o who_o desire_v to_o see_v more_o concern_v the_o usefulness_n of_o final_a cause_n may_v consult_v mr._n boyle_n of_o final_a cause_n mr._n ray_n wisdom_n of_o god_n in_o the_o work_n of_o the_o creation_n and_o some_o late_a ingenious_a essay_n upon_o the_o nature_n and_o evidence_n of_o faith_n by_o dr._n cockburn_n i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v but_o think_v it_o a_o strange_a and_o presume_a boldness_n in_o the_o theorist_n to_o assert_v that_o mountain_n be_v place_v in_o no_o order_n one_o with_o another_o that_o can_v either_o respect_n use_n or_o beauty_n and_o that_o if_o they_o be_v single_o consider_v they_o do_v not_o consist_v of_o any_o proportion_n of_o part_n that_o be_v referable_a to_o any_o design_n or_o have_v the_o least_o footstep_n of_o art_n or_o counsel_n notwithstanding_o this_o strange_a assertion_n i_o be_o sure_a if_o we_o be_v without_o these_o shapeless_a and_o ill_o figure_v old_a rock_n and_o mountain_n as_o he_o call_v they_o we_o shall_v soon_o find_v the_o want_n of_o they_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o subsist_v or_o live_v without_o they_o for_o set_v aside_o the_o use_n they_o may_v have_v in_o the_o production_n of_o various_a plant_n and_o metal_n which_o be_v useful_a to_o mankind_n and_o make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o complete_a whole_a and_o the_o food_n which_o they_o yield_v to_o several_a animal_n which_o be_v design_v by_o nature_n to_o live_v upon_o they_o the_o high_a hill_n be_v a_o refuge_n for_o the_o wild_a goat_n and_o the_o rock_n for_o the_o coney_n and_o not_o to_o mention_v the_o end_n they_o serve_v for_o in_o direct_v the_o inland_a wind_n and_o alter_v the_o weather_n in_o fence_v and_o bound_a empire_n and_o country_n in_o all_o which_o without_o doubt_n they_o do_v we_o very_o considerable_a service_n there_o be_v moreover_o one_o great_a and_o universal_a use_n which_o make_v they_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o subsistence_n of_o mankind_n for_o without_o they_o it_o be_v certain_a we_o shall_v have_v no_o river_n nor_o fresh_a current_n of_o water_n and_o consequent_o we_o shall_v want_v one_o of_o the_o great_a support_n of_o life_n this_o the_o learned_a and_o ingenious_a mathematician_n and_o philosopher_n mr._n edmund_n halley_n have_v effectual_o prove_v in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n where_o he_o give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o rise_n of_o spring_n and_o river_n from_o vapour_n 192._o that_o be_v raise_v copious_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o wind_n be_v carry_v over_o the_o low_a land_n to_o the_o high_a ridge_n of_o mountain_n where_o they_o be_v compel_v by_o the_o stream_n of_o the_o air_n to_o mount_v up_o with_o it_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o present_o precipitate_v gleet_v down_o by_o the_o cranny_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o part_n of_o the_o vapour_n enter_v into_o the_o cavern_n of_o those_o hill_n the_o water_n thereof_o gather_v as_o in_o a_o alembick_a into_o the_o bason_n of_o stone_n it_o find_v which_o be_v once_o fill_v all_o the_o overplus_n of_o water_n that_o come_v thither_o run_v over_o by_o the_o low_a place_n and_o break_v out_o by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o hill_n form_n single_a spring_n many_o of_o these_o run_v down_o by_o the_o valley_n or_o gut_n between_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o come_v to_o unite_v form_n little_a rivulet_n or_o brook_n many_o of_o these_o again_o meet_v in_o one_o common_a valley_n and_o gain_v the_o plain_a ground_n be_v grow_v less_o rapid_a become_v a_o river_n and_o many_o of_o these_o be_v unite_v in_o one_o common_a channel_n make_v such_o stream_n as_o the_o rhine_n the_o rhone_n and_o the_o danube_n which_o last_v one_o will_v hardly_o think_v the_o collection_n of_o water_n condense_v out_o of_o vapour_n unless_o we_o consider_v how_o vast_a a_o tract_n of_o ground_n that_o river_n drain_v and_o that_o it_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o spring_n which_o break_v out_o upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n &_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o immense_a ridge_n of_o the_o alps_n which_o be_v one_o continue_a chain_n of_o mountain_n from_o switzerland_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n so_o that_o it_o may_v almost_o pass_v for_o a_o rule_n that_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o river_n or_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n which_o it_o evacuate_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o length_n and_o height_n of_o the_o ridge_n from_o whence_o its_o fountain_n arise_v all_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v undeniable_o evident_a for_o that_o vapour_n be_v raise_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o the_o sea_n in_o such_o vast_a quantity_n as_o will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o serve_v all_o the_o river_n the_o same_o ingenious_a mr._n halley_n have_v demonstrate_v by_o calculation_n but_o it_o be_v also_o demonstrable_a that_o these_o vapour_n be_v of_o the_o same_o specific_a gravity_n with_o the_o air_n in_o which_o they_o swim_v must_v follow_v its_o motion_n that_o be_v they_o must_v be_v carry_v by_o the_o wind_n over_o land_n until_o they_o meet_v with_o such_o a_o obstacle_n as_o a_o hill_n in_o their_o way_n which_o resist_v their_o motion_n where_o they_o must_v precipitate_v and_o gleet_v down_o by_o its_o side_n and_o so_o form_n rivers_n and_o spring_n all_o this_o be_v not_o only_o clear_a from_o reason_n but_o be_v also_o confirm_v by_o the_o experience_n of_o the_o same_o mr._n halley_n while_o he_o be_v at_o st._n helena_n as_o he_o tell_v you_o in_o the_o philosophical_a transaction_n and_o now_o methinks_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o hill_n be_v so_o very_o far_o from_o be_v place_v in_o the_o earth_n without_o any_o art_n or_o
at_o rest_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n a_o heavy_a body_n place_v at_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n where_o there_o be_v no_o diurnal_a rotation_n and_o consequent_o no_o centrifugal_a force_n which_o weigh_v 289_o pound_n if_o it_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o aequator_fw-la will_v weigh_v only_o 288_o pound_n have_v thus_o determine_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o centrifugal_a force_n at_o the_o aequator_fw-la to_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n it_o will_v be_v easy_a from_o thence_o to_o show_v their_o proportion_n in_o any_o parallel_n for_o it_o be_v compound_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o 1_o to_o 289_o and_o of_o the_o cousin_a of_o the_o latitude_n to_o the_o radius_fw-la for_o if_o two_o body_n describe_v different_a periphery_n in_o the_o same_o time_n their_o centrifugal_a force_n be_v proportional_a to_o their_o periphery_n or_o to_o the_o semidiameters_a of_o these_o periphery_n as_o be_v determine_v by_o mons._n hugens_n in_o his_o theoremata_fw-la de_fw-la vi_fw-la centrifuga_fw-la &_o motu_fw-la circulari_fw-la but_o the_o periphery_n which_o a_o body_n in_o the_o aequator_fw-la describe_v have_v its_o semi_a diameter_n equal_a to_o the_o radius_fw-la or_o semi_a diameter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o in_o any_o other_o place_n the_o parallel_n in_o which_o body_n move_v have_v the_o co-sine_n of_o their_o latitude_n for_o their_o semidiameter_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o force_n of_o gravity_n be_v to_o the_o centrifugal_a force_n in_o a_o proportion_n compound_v of_o the_o radius_fw-la to_o the_o cousin_a of_o the_o latitude_n and_o of_o 289_o to_o 1._o and_o therefore_o at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 51_o degree_n 46._o minute_n for_o example_n it_o will_v be_v as_o 466_o to_o 1._o by_o this_o also_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o the_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n be_v not_o to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o have_v be_v always_o suppose_v for_o if_o we_o take_v a_o heavy_a body_n and_o hang_v it_o by_o a_o thread_n the_o thread_n produce_v will_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o centre_n any_o where_o but_o at_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o aequator_fw-la for_o in_o the_o figure_n the_o thread_n be_v carry_v by_o the_o centrifugal_a force_n of_o the_o body_n b_o from_o the_o position_n ac_fw-la into_o the_o position_n ab_fw-la where_o it_o will_v rest_v from_o hence_o also_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o line_n ac_fw-la which_o be_v produce_v pass_v through_o the_o centre_n but_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la that_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o curve_v pq_n for_o all_o the_o particle_n of_o the_o fluid_n will_v settle_v themselves_o in_o such_o a_o position_n that_o their_o line_n of_o direction_n downward_o must_v be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o body_n which_o they_o compose_v for_o otherwise_o the_o part_n of_o the_o fluid_n will_v not_o be_v in_o a_o aequilibrium_fw-la one_o with_o another_o and_o therefore_o although_o the_o line_n of_o direction_n of_o heavy_a body_n do_v not_o pass_v through_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n yet_o be_v they_o still_o perpendicular_a to_o their_o orison_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n there_o can_v arise_v no_o error_n in_o level_v of_o line_n and_o in_o find_v the_o rise_n and_o fall_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o this_o diminution_n of_o gravity_n according_a as_o we_o approach_v the_o equator_fw-la that_o pendulum_n of_o the_o same_o length_n in_o different_a latitude_n take_v different_a time_n to_o perform_v their_o vibration_n for_o because_o the_o accelerate_a force_n of_o gravity_n be_v less_o at_o the_o equator_fw-la then_o under_o any_o parallel_n and_o under_o any_o parallel_n it_o be_v still_o less_o than_o under_o another_o which_o be_v near_o the_o pole_n it_o do_v plain_o from_o thence_o follow_v that_o a_o body_n place_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la or_o in_o any_o parallel_n will_v take_v a_o long_a time_n to_o descend_v through_o a_o arch_n of_o a_o give_v circle_n than_o it_o will_v do_v at_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o far_o a_o body_n be_v remove_v from_o the_o pole_n the_o long_a time_n it_o will_v take_v to_o descend_v through_o any_o give_a space_n from_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o length_n of_o pendulum_n which_o perform_v their_o vibration_n in_o equal_a time_n in_o different_a latitude_n be_v direct_o as_o the_o accelerate_a force_n of_o their_o gravity_n for_o the_o time_n a_o body_n take_v to_o descend_v through_o a_o arch_n of_o a_o cycloid_v be_v to_o the_o time_n it_o will_v take_v to_o fall_v through_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o cycloid_v always_o in_o a_o give_v proportion_n viz._n as_o the_o semiperiphery_a of_o a_o circle_n be_v to_o its_o diameter_n by_o the_o 25_o the_o prop._n of_o hugens_fw-la horologium_fw-la oscillatorium_fw-la and_o therefore_o when_o the_o time_n in_o which_o a_o body_n descend_v through_o the_o axe_n of_o two_o different_a cycloid_v be_v equal_a the_o time_n of_o the_o descent_n through_o the_o cycloid_v will_v be_v also_o equal_a but_o when_o the_o time_n of_o the_o descent_n through_o the_o axe_n be_v equal_a these_o axe_n and_o consequent_o the_o length_n of_o the_o pendulum_fw-la which_o vibrate_v in_o these_o cycloid_v be_v proportional_a to_o the_o accelerate_a force_n of_o their_o gravity_n by_o this_o if_o we_o know_v the_o length_n of_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o perform_v its_o vibration_n in_o a_o give_v time_n in_o any_o one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o determine_v the_o length_n of_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o perform_v its_o vibration_n in_o the_o same_o time_n in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o for_o example_n the_o length_n of_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o vibrate_v second_o at_o paris_n be_v three_o foot_n eight_o line_n and_o a_o half_a let_v it_o be_v require_v to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o vibrate_v second_o at_o the_o equator_fw-la because_o the_o gravity_n at_o the_o pole_n be_v to_o the_o gravity_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la as_o 692_o be_v to_o 689_o therefore_o the_o decrease_n of_o gravity_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v 3_o 692_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a gravity_n but_o as_o i_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v the_o decrease_n of_o gravity_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la be_v to_o its_o increase_n in_o any_o other_o latitude_n as_o the_o square_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la be_v to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o latitude_n now_o the_o latitude_n of_o paris_n be_v 48â—â—_n 45_o its_o sine_fw-la be_v 75._o 183_o and_o therefore_o the_o square_a of_o the_o radius_fw-la be_v to_o the_o square_n of_o the_o sine_fw-la of_o the_o latitude_n as_o 1000000_o to_o 565248_o but_o as_o 1000000_o be_v to_o 565248_o so_o be_v 3.000_o the_o number_n which_o represent_v the_o decrease_n of_o gravity_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la to_o 1._o 695_o the_o number_n which_o represent_v its_o increase_n at_o paris_n which_o add_v to_o 689_o the_o gravity_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v 690.695_o the_o number_n which_o will_v represent_v the_o gravity_n at_o paris_n but_o i_o have_v already_o show_v that_o as_o the_o gravity_n at_o paris_n be_v to_o the_o gravity_n at_o the_o equator_fw-la so_o be_v the_o length_n of_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o vibrate_v second_o at_o paris_n to_o the_o length_n of_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o vibrate_v second_o at_o the_o equator_fw-la that_o be_v as_o 690,695_o to_o 689_o so_o be_v 36,708_o the_o length_n of_o a_o pendulum_fw-la at_o paris_n which_o perform_v its_o vibration_n in_o a_o second_o to_o 36,616_o which_o therefore_o be_v the_o length_n of_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o perform_v its_o vibration_n in_o a_o second_o at_o the_o equator_fw-la so_o that_o the_o difference_n btween_n these_o two_o pendulum_n be_v 92_o 1000_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n which_o come_v pretty_a near_o the_o observation_n of_o mons._n rich_a who_o at_o the_o island_n of_o cayen_n who_o latitude_n be_v 5_o degree_n find_v that_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o vibrate_v second_o there_o be_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n short_a than_o a_o pendulum_fw-la which_o vibrate_v second_o at_o paris_n thus_o we_o see_v that_o the_o principle_n and_o hypothesis_n and_o withal_o their_o consequence_n upon_o which_o the_o broad_a spheroidical_a figure_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v found_v do_v exact_o agree_v with_o observation_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n to_o be_v make_v but_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v real_o of_o such_o a_o figure_n and_o that_o the_o hypothesis_n upon_o which_o this_o figure_n be_v ground_v viz._n the_o diurnal_a rotation_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n the_o centrifugal_a force_n of_o all_o body_n upon_o it_o must_v be_v admit_v for_o a_o true_a one_o since_o the_o different_a vibration_n of_o pendulum_n of_o the_o same_o length_n in_o different_a latitude_n can_v depend_v upon_o no_o other_o cause_n for_o the_o change_n of_o