worke with more speedinesse as Husbandmen doe and Gardeners who because they would haue Nature to worke the better and quicker in their ground doe cast thereon diuers sortes of dunges c. The which is done onely to helpe Nature to worke the quicker and to conclude I say that the Chyrurgion should doe the same in helping of wounds But as for vlcers of diuers sorts it were necessary to be finde â—â—t the cause because they come of diuers causes for when the cause is found it will be 〈…〉 to 〈…〉 cause vlcers cannot come but by great 〈…〉 of nature in 〈…〉 as by great heâ—◠〈◊〉 coldâ— or by â—eplerinns of the body Therefore in this case it is necessary to purge the body first to ease nature which is offended and to extinguish the seâ—perflâ—â—us heat or cold that is in the 〈◊〉 That â—â—ing done the minister 〈◊〉 helper of Nature hath thâ— things to dos The first is to mortifie or â—ill the fore the second to mundifie and the third to incamete and then Nature will 〈…〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 Also impostumes are caused of diuers accidents in the which it is also necessary to 〈◊〉 out the cause whereby to know what purgations are 〈◊〉 to purge the body of the super◠〈…〉 minister hath thâ— things to 〈◊〉 in that case First to bring it to maturation quickly then when it is ripe and broke to mundifie it well and thirdly to 〈◊〉 it and these are the three 〈◊〉 that are to be done in an impostume 〈…〉 so following this order the worke shall proue well and 〈◊〉 the right way an hereafter I will showe in his place the operatioÌ„ns to use in that effect with the order to help them and also to make thy vuguents the wing their quality and vertue and will prous by 〈◊〉 those things that are doubtfull so that euery one shall be satisfied in that matter Of Medicines to be vsed in all kinde of wounds outward with ease and brouitie HAuing 〈…〉 what out ward wounds are it is also necessary to 〈◊〉 the order how to â—ure them with as much speed and ease as it is possible and therefore I will begin first with simple we 〈◊〉 that are onely in the flesh with out offence of the 〈…〉 although these neede no helpe but onely to is yâ—e the lips close together and if need be to stitch them close and then let nature worke the which in short time will heale them but if thou by Art wilt helpe nature thou shalt anoynt them with oyle of Frankencense once a day But wounds where vaines are cut have need of present helpe and artificiall meanes and sufficient remedies to helpe it with as much speed as may be so that the veines cut may ioyne againe together without any great offence of the wound and that is done in this order The first thing is to ioyne the parts close together and stitch it well not as the common Chyrurgions dos but as they doe vse to stitch bags and when it is stitched close annoint it onely vpon the wound with our Magno licore and lay thereon a cloath wet in the same Oyle very warme then take Hipericon with the seed Millefolli Viticella ana and make thereof a powder the which thou shalt strew vpon the wound being drest and round about it for this medicine doth assuttiliate the matter that runneth vnto the wound taketh it forth with great case without paine of the wound for this is the most souereigne medecine in that case that Nature with Art may make and hath beene proued a thousand times by experience in diuers places But those wounds where â—ones and sinewes are hurt have need of great artifice and cunning because they be of importance But when the sinewes be onely offended it were necessarie to stitch them presently as I have said of these where veines are cut but not to dresse it with Magno licore but in steed thereof to take out Olcum benedictum and oyle of frankencense of each alike for those oyles doe exceedingly comfort the sinewes that are cut and when it happeneth that a sinew hath a puncture or is cut halfe way in that case it were necessaâ—â—e to cut it ouerthwart because it shall bring no Spasmus to the wound but if so be than that the bone be hurt and that there be any part to come forth it were necessary to 〈◊〉 the wound open vntill the bone commeth forth and then to incarnal 〈◊〉 it and this thou shalt doe with our artificiall Balme for the same serueth for wounds and lay thereupon the Cerote of Gualtifredo di medi the which healeth it with speed and so with these orders thou maist help all the aforesaid sortes of wounds 〈◊〉 the defensiue to use in these wounds is this Rec. Aqua vitae made of pure wine and that will burne all away and put therein Hipericon Millifollie Viticella Betonica and then wet a cloth to that infussion and lay it for a defensiue round about the wound and so thou shalt haue thine intent to the great satisfaction of the patient Wounds in the head are helpt as those are where the sinewes are offended there are also diners other sortes of wounds which are helpt with the aforesaid remedies To helpe Vicers of all sortes Sâ—ing that Vlcers are of diuers and sundrie kinds it were necessarie to knew of what kinde and quality they are so that thou waist help them in forme and order conuenient and first I will waite of the corrosine vicers 〈◊〉 a wound Cancrenated mal di Formicola and other sorth of vlcers that goe créeping vpon the flesh The cure of those kinds of 〈◊〉 is to apply quickly our Causticke to mortifie the euill the which thou shalt 〈◊〉 thus wet a little â—umbaste in our Causlicke and therewith wash all the sore and then leaue it so open 〈◊〉 houres without hinding it fast and when 24 houres are past wash the 〈◊〉 with strong Vineger and water of 〈◊〉 a like quantitie with charge that there remaine none of the Causticke in the sore then lay thereon butter washed with a Cole-wort leafe vntill the asker or dead flesh fall away then take our Cerote Magistrâ—le with a little Precipitate strewed thereon and then annoint it with Magno licore and lay it upon the sore for this Cerâ—te helpeth all manner of corrosiue vlcers without any other helpe and every plaister will serue three or foure dayes taking them off every 24. houres and make them cleane and then lay them on againe and as for the filthie vicer that I have shewed of in his Chapter yet shall dresse them onely with our Vnguento Magno The which without any other helpe will heale them quickly But ye must every foure daies touch them with Aqua fortis drawne from Precipitate the which water draweth forth the offensiue matter and leaueth it purified and cleane and in all other sortes of Vlcers our Balme artificiall our Magno licore Oyle of Waxe and
a remedy of great importance and it is very short ye shall take our Aqua realle and holde it in your mouth a good while and then spit it out againe and this ye shall doe for thrée dayes together euery day once then afterward it were necessary to wash your mouth in like maner with our Aqua Balsami for the space of a month and so the tooth-ache shall be taken away with ease for this is our secret and may be vsed in all times of the year Against a stinking breath THe breath may stinke through many causes as by vlcers in the mouth or corrupt and rotten téeth sometime it commeth of the stomacke and that is ill to be helpt and therefore if thou wilt help these thou must vse diuers remedies and first to help those that haue their mouthes vlcerated you shall giue them a quantity of our Pillole aquilone and then let them wash their mouthes with our Aqua realle and so the vlcers shall be helpt and the mouth shall not stinke but when the stench commeth of rotten téeth vse the aforesaid remedie or medicine that is written for the tooth-ache the which will make the téeth as white as snowe and will ake no more but when the stinke commeth from the stomacke it were necessary to purge the body with our sirop Solutiuo sixe or seuen dayes and then to take our Aromatico that being done take rectified Aqua vitae and the water of honey and oyle of Turpentine of each alike mixe them well together and euery morning drinks thereof halfe an ounce fasting for the space of a month or there abouts To help those that haue a great cough in the stomacke THe Cough doth come of diuers and sundry causes but let it come of what cause iâ— will it alwayes offendeth the stomacke and the head for euer when the stomacke is offended of neceâ—â—iâ—iâ— the head is offended because it hath communication with the stomacke so that the stomacke is cause of the paynes in the head and therefore it is necessary to help the stomacke first unto that thou shalt doe with our Pillole aquilone the which is written in this booke folowing and if so be you cannot take Pilles take our Aromatico this being done if there be no feuer giue him euery morning 1. ounce of our electuary Magistrale per la tosse and euery night anoynt his stomacke with Magno licore and also his head nosthrils but if is happen that the aforesaid thinges help it not then take blood of the Liuer vaine and purge the body with our Sirop against the melancholike humor and so by Gods grace they shall remaine healed To help such as cannot holde their water THis procéedeth of two causes principally the first is of superfluous heat of the body through the which heat nature doth assuttiliate too much that humid part and continually doth send it downe into the bladder the second cause is that the pores are too much relaxed or opened by the which operation the vrine doth passe without retention and these are the two causes why the vrin cannot stay and this commeth commonly to yong children because they are very hotte of complexion and the order to help them is this Giue them our Pillole Aquilone thrée times the quantitie is from one dram to one and a halfe that being done ye shall make them a decoction of Hisop of the mountaine and put therin sugar and this they shall vse x. or xij dayes at the least for this mundifieth the place offended and disposeth it to solution Then after this is done ye shall giue him for x. dayes together halfe a dram of Masticke with a little Plantine water for this is hot and restringeth the pores and ingrosseth the vrine and so the Patient shall remaine whole of that infirmity by the vertue of the aforesaid thrée medicines and it is a very easie cure and soueraigne for that purpose But sometime there happeneth a flux of vrine somewhat like this and it is not of the aforesaid causes but of causes much different from them for this is in men and women of age and this I finde to be caused of the Poxe that causeth the flux and they void certaine threds which some call Gonorea and the remedie thereof is onely with great purging and sweating and then to annoint them fiue or six nights with our Vnguento magno and kéepe them warme in bed vntill ye haue ended to annoint him and then goe to the stowe and hée shall be helpt of that infirmitie To helpe those that cannot make water THe vrine is stayed through diuers and sundry causes and the principall are thrée of the which one is the stone that ingendreth in the bladder for alwayes it hangeth downe in the necke of the bladder stoppeth the Meati or pores that the vrine cannot passe the which grieueth the patient meruaileufly The other is caused of grauell or grose and viscous humours that cannot passe the pores and so cause that retention of vrine with great paine The third is caused of an obstruction or restriction of the pores or conduites where the vrine doth passe so kéep the vrine within with great paine so that these be the three chiefest causes of the retention of vrine The cure of the first cause which is the stone is to purge them well and then to vse our most souerain remedie that is written in this booke following the which is of great vertue to breake the stone as I haue proued many times but when this medicine is not able to break it then it is necessary to cut it forth and this is all concerning the first cause To helpe the second cause it were necessary to vse purgations that purge the reines well and then to giue them our Aromatico and then to annoint the reines six dayes euery day once with Vnguento magno and with this medicine thou shalt helpe him perfectly To cure the third cause it were necessary to purge with aperatius things and then to annoint his reines and vnder the members and belly with our Balme artificiall and giue him to drinke the pouder of Hogge-lice or Centum pedes that are found vnder stones and by the grace of God-he shall be perfectly whole To helpe those that haue great burning of their vrine THe burning of the vrine may come of diuers and sundry causes but I finde foure principall of which one is the stone in the bladder being great or small The second cause is a certaine heate the which corrupteth the place where it passeth and carrieth forth as it were certaine long thrids the which causeth that burning The third cause is a certaine viscousnesse the which holdeth to the bottome of the Vrinall and it will not well breake and this is called Gonorea The fourth cause is certaine fluxes of vrine caused of some kinde of the Poxe as ye may see by those that vse company with euill women and take harme for presently this
where veines are cut haue néed of some â—â—â—or practise with the which they may stop the blood and in any wise not to suffer the wound remaine vpon but to sowâ— it vp very close so that the veine may heale Also those where sinewes are hurt are of great importance and would be healed with great spéed so that the sinewes may ionye with more case But those where bones are hurt at not greater importance for if the bone be separated from the other of necessittiet it must be taken forth before the wound be healed So that by this meanes euery one may know what wounds are and their kindes Of Vlcers and what they are VLcers are of sundrie kindes and are ingendred of many causes as hereafter I will shew But first I will write of those kinde of Vlcers that are caused of wounds You shall vnderstand that wounds in what part of the body soeuer they be being impostumated or cancrenated they change their names and are no more called wounds although the originall was a wound For when it is cancrenated it is called Vlcera corasiuâ— because it goeth eating and créeping on the flesh But when the wound is impostumated and full of matter it is called Vlcera putrida that is putrified and it is because it is filthie stinketh But when it is neither cancrenated nor yet apostumated but that through some euill disposition the wound is closed and that there commeth in it euill qualities without alteration then it is called Vlcera sordida because therein is euill qualitie it appeareth but a little but it is euill to heale There be other sorts of Vlcers also the which are caused of diuers and sundry kindes of tumors and the most euill and mischieuous are those that are of tumors caused of the pox for vnto those there runneth aboundance of euill humours that augment the Vlcer and they be the worst sort for they cannot be healed by themselues except the body be well purged and euacuated of all humors that are offensiue There is another kinde of Vlcer the which commeth of an Impostume as well hot as cold and those are more gentle and easie to be helpt if ye know the medicines that are apt to helpe and dissolue those kinde of Vlcers These are the thrée kinds of vlcers that commonly happen vnto men and women through diuers causes as it is said before so that these are the principall causes of those maligne Vlcers Of Impostumes and their kindes IMpostumes are a certeine kinde of tumor that is called in diuers manners because they come in diuers places of the body as those fortes of Impostumes that come in the greyne which in Venice is called Pannoche in Rome Tencone in Naples Dragonfelly in Spaine Incordi and the Anncient called them Buboni and some with other names There are other that come in all parts of the body and when they come in all parts of the body they cause great paine and then they ripen and breake of themselves for the most part and these in Naples are called Antrax and in Rome Chicolim in Venice Voâ— nasito in Lumbardie Vnbungo and in Spaine Vn nacido muiâ—iliacâ— There is another kinde of Impostume that is ingendred of a confusion or broose and is properly called Apostumato pro Amacaâ—ra In the head their grâ—w certaine kindes of sores that are called Talp◠〈◊〉 Topmaâ—e the which are of small importance for they may be healed in short time as it is seens in childrens heads that are often troubled therewith and also in their throats and for the most part about the 〈◊〉 Of Fistolaes and their kindes ALl manner of sores that doe not cicatrize perfectly and haue communication with the inward parts are called Fistolaes and we toâ—â—te them in Italian Sofio or Spiracalo as ye may see by experience and this is perillous when a Fistolae closeth being in the body and specially those Fistolaes that are in the fundament for Nature her selfe doth ingeâ—â—der it for ease But these Fistolaes that come in diuers parts of the body â—â—e troublesome but not perillous also all such sores as â—â—ry long before they be incarnated come to Fistolaes and many times it commeth through long curing by tenting with their tentes the which are cause that nature maketh a Callow and leaueth the sore so hollow that it will neuer be filled with flesh but so remaine hollow as it is séene easily by experience There be other sortes of Fistolaes in forme of a sore and they be those sores that most commonly come in the legges the which doe purge a long time and are also very hard to heale because if ye heale one of them presently there will rise another hard by it and that is a kinde of Fistolâ—e There is another kinde of Fistolae that is caused of those sores that are vpon the bone the which by his continuance doe breake and consume the skinne and the bone and these many times remaine fistolated but who so taketh away the cause of the sore nature it selfe will preuaile mightily and heale it as may be seene daily by experience in these that be so troubled The Fistolaes that come in the eyes are called Fistola lacrimosa and they haue some communication with the inward partes and are euill to be healed Because first the cause must be taken away inwardly and then nature will heale it by it selfe as I haue seene by experience so that these are the kinde of Fistolaes most knowne vnto all men and the causes of these Fistolâ—es are two and for my part I am fully perswaded it is so The first is of wounds euill healed that remaine fistolated The second cause I finde to be of sores caused of the poxe and to shew a truth yee shall cure them of the poxe and their Fistolaes will heale of themselves without any other helpe as it is daily to be seene There may be many other causes the which as yet I know not but these two are a sufficient reason and to be considered of the professors of this Art if they desire to come to any excellencie and therefore I will reason no more of the matter because the science and my experience will reach no farther Of all sorts of scabbes THere be diuers kindes of scabbes but I will onely intreate of those in which I haue had most experience and will set them forth as plaine as I can that euery one thereby may haue profite The first kinde of scabbe is that which is caused of Replexion of the body by eating much meate of great nourishment and then not to digest it so in that cause nature to ease it selfe sendeth forth that humiditie and when it toyneth to the skinne it ingroseth and causeth an Impostums and passing to the outward partes it is already corrupted so causeth the Puâ—â—ules as by experience may be séene this kind is a discâ—â—s and â—at humour with great humiditie There is another kind of scabbe that is alwayes
I applyed therunto our secret of secrets for that kind of disease which in thrée dayes deliuered him then I caused him to vse certaine medicines to defend the Gout for comming againe and so he continued whoâ—e to his great satisfaction Of the causes of the Scyatica and how ye may help it THe Scyatica is a disease so called because it commeth in that place of the body called Sio and is caused of an euill qualitie and grosse humors that are stayed in that place because they cannot passe downe and this is sée 〈◊〉 by experience daily for where that paine is there is alteration and the cure thereof is with Glisterâ— Vomits Purgations and Vnctions because the Glister doth euacuate those places next vnto it so easeth the humour the vomitte cleanseth the stomacke the purgations doe euacuate the body downewards the vnctions dissolue the winde and so by these meanes thou maist helpe the Scyatica as I haue done many times to my great honour and satisfaction of the the patient A most excellent remedie to helpe the flux of the body with a certaine discourse thereon IF thou wilt helpe the flux of the body it were necessary to know first from whence it procéedeth for hee that knoweth not the cause is leâ—â—e is be credited to cure the effect and therefore I will showe thée what the flux is and from whence it commeth and then I will shewe the order to cure it also to make the medicines The â—luâ— of the body is caused of a superfluous heaâ—e conceiued in the stomacke the which make a continuall solution inwardly as ye may 〈◊〉 by experience of those that 〈…〉 therewith for so long as the cause 〈◊〉 not taken away all their 〈◊〉 doth turne into that 〈◊〉 the which if it be 〈…〉 which I desâ—â—y that the 〈◊〉 are 〈…〉 of the body â—â—uses of hot and corrupt humours in the stomacke and therefore if thou wilt cure it it were necessary to extinguish the heat and to take away the corruption the which thou shalt doe with the rednesse of Marte Militare written in this booke following for that is the most souereigne remedie that can be found But first ye shall take twelue graines of our Petra Philosophalla with halfe an ounce of Mel Rosarum and then take for foure mornings together one scruple of the rednesse of Marte with halfe an ounce of sugar Rosat and therewith thou shalt worke miracles A discourse concerning cornes in the feete or elsewhere with their remedies THis callowes matter is a certaine hot humour of the which Nature would discharge herselfe and when that humor is driuen forth of Nature it goeth vnto the lower parts into the end of the toes for in that extreme part of the toes that skinne that is called Epiderma is hard and will not suffer it to passe or exalare and there many times it ingendreth a tumor in the skin with great hardnesse and many times that tumor doth increase and cause such paine that it doth not onely hinder their going but hindreth them from sléepe in the night and this kinde of tumor tâ— called commonly Callo or Cornes in English and I thought it good to call them Creste because they are alwayes growing and is of great importance among the Chyrurgions for an infinite number of persons are troubled therewith and therefore I will shew thee our secret to helpe them quickly and with great ease which secret was neuer knowne afore of any First ye shall pare them with a sharpe knife vntill the bottome and there ye shall finde a certaine thing like matter but if ye find no matter ye shall pare it vnto the blood doth appeare then touch it once with oyle of sulphur then dresse it with our Balsamo artificiato once a day vntill it be whole Kéepe this as a secret Of an infirmitie of importance that commeth vpon the extremitie of the toe vpon the nayle THere are many men that are troubled with a certaine infirmitie vnder the nayle of their great â—oâ— the which seemeth as though the nayle grâ—w in the flesh the which is not so but the flesh groweth ouer the naile and although this seemeth to be a thing of nothing and that the Auncients haue had small consideration thereof Neuerthelesse it is an infirmitie of great importance and to be cosidered of because many are troubled therewith and specially men of authoritie and in specially those that are troubled with the Goute I call to remembrance that in the time that I was in Naples I cured a great number and specially those that were of great authoritie to my great honour â— profit The first thing that I did I cut the nayle on that part which was grieued and tooke it away the which was done easily and with little paine the which thing being done I touched it with our Causticke and so let it remaine thrée dayes together and then I dressed it euery day with our Magno licore vntill it was whole the which was in short time A discourse vpon the Hemerhodes with the order to cure them with most excellent medicines of our inuention THe Hemerhodes are a certaine kind of euill tumer caused of the bleed of the veines Emorodialâ— and these come alwayes in the extremitie of the intestinals about the fundâ—ment some of them cause great paine and some of them doe burne excessiuely or 〈◊〉 scald The which commeth through the qualitie of the good and euill humors As ye may sée by experience how that some haue such burning that they cannot rest in the night the other haue such paine that they cannot fit the other are so scalded that they cannot abide it ye shall vnderstand this infirmitie is more painefull in one complection than in another and the cure thereof is difficâ—lâ— Neuerthelesse it may bee cured and the order is this First take our Aromatico then take our Siropo solutiuo thrée or foure dayes then take our perfume thrée or foure times on the fundament that being done annoint the place with our Balme artificiall for that dryeth and taketh away the paine altogether and so the Patient shall remaine perfect whole There is also a great secret in the tooth of a Horse-fish if it be worne on a mans finger to take away the Hemerhodes the which tooth I haue knowne proues at the least 7. or 8. times for I haue a ring made thereof and haue vsed it A great secret to helpe those that are burst or haue the Rupture THis is a rare secret neuer knowne afore of any man and in specially for those that haue not béene burst long time and that the rupture hath not yet made a callow and the order to cure â—â—is thus First ye shall giue them our Aromatico euery tenne dayes once and euery morning fasting giue them one ounce of fine Tartar beaten in pouder with water or wine to drinke and likewise in the euening two houres afore supper giue him as much and his bread shall he
together halfe an ounce of our Quintessence solutiue with broth But if it be a Flux and that the Patient is not cured let him stand in a cold bath of salt water of the sea thrée or foure houres or more and he shall be perfectly helped Then as concerning wounds as well cuts as thrusts and as well gallings with arrowes as hargabush shot and other sorts thou shalt cure them thus The first thing that you shall doe to them is to wash them very cleane with vrine and then dry them well then put therein our Quintessence of wine and presently ioyne the parts together and sowe or stitch them close then put there vpon fiue or six droppes of our Balsamo and vpon the wound lay a cloth wet in our Magno licore as hot as hee may suffer it and this you shall doe the first day Then the next day follow this order First put thereon our Quintessence and a little of our Balsamo and then our Magno licore very hot and neuer change that medicine and thus doing the wound shall heale with great spéed and in a quarter of the time that the common Chyrurgions is able to doe it by the grace of God A short Discourse of the most excellent Doctour and Knight Master Leonardo Phiorauanti Bolognesse vpon Chirurgerie With a declaration of many things necessary to be knowne neuer written before in this order Whereunto is added a number of notable Secrets found out by the said Author The Proheme IT is to be vnderstood that when the Almâ—ghtie Creator had made the world hee also created all manner of beasts as well on earth as in the water with other foules after which saith the holy Scripture he created man after his owne Image and similitude and to him gaue power ouer all things created and with the same grace and reason Through the which he was apte to rule and haue knowledge of all through the spirit of God as to haue knowledge of all things whereunto he gaue his minde and vnderstanding as it is at this present to be séene among men in the world that haue knowledge of diuers and sundrie things all necessarie for those that will line in the world with honour For some vnderstand the art of husbandry which was the first art vsed in the world for so much as without it we cannot well liue as it is plainely séene There are other that haue knowledge in kéeping beasts of all kinds apt or méete for mans body as Goats Kyne Hogges Hens Géese Horse Mules and such like There are other haue knowledge in Nauigation without the which also the world would be vnperset as it is seene by experience There be other that haue knowledge in Gosmographie whereby they knâ—w 〈◊〉 parts of the world whether men may trauaile There be other that haue knowledge in the art of 〈…〉 they may helpe to defend their Prince and Countries in executing of Iustice There be other that vnderstand Astrologie by the which they know the course of the Planets and their effects Other vnderstand the Mathematicks whereby they measure land and other things Other studie Musicke to accord voyces together and other vnderstand Phisicke to helpe the deseased bodies of humane creatures and also animales of diuers and sundrie infirmities There be other that vnderstand Chyrurgerie to helpe all manner of fozes that happen vnto men vpon which Chirurgerie wee will write a briefe discourse and pleasant reason and will leaue apart the science that is doubtfull because there is no science in the world wherewith a man may doe good if therewith be no practise or experience as a man may say The which experience is master of all things as it is plainely séene and therefore we will give you to vnderstand which of those parts be best or most necessary in this Chirurgerie either to helpe those that are hurt or the science or experience And we will show the méers truth without any dissimulation or fraude as I haue alwayes done in my workes which are Printed 〈◊〉 at this present doe intend to doe if almightie God giue me grace and quicken my spirits or wits in writing that which shall be to his honour and prâ—â—te to the world What Chyrurgerie is CHYRVRGERIE is both a Science and practise and to say the truth he that will know the composition of mans body must of necessitie haue some science and be Anatomist although the same Science be a thing to be learned by practise for I haue séene many times those which were vnlearned to be expert in the Anatomie of mans body and those were Painters and Drawers the which was necessarie for them to know to frame their figures accordingly and therefore I take not that for Science but practise for Science is onely that wherewith the cause of euery infirmitie is found out and is of small effect to our purpose because Chyrurgerie helpeth not onely the cause but also the effect after it is knowne and therefore I may say that Chyrurgerie is no other then a pure and méere practise and that is onely necessary for the Chyrurgian to know how to stitch a wound well to mundifie an vlcer and to kéepe it from putrifaction and keepe it from alteration so that there runne no euill humoure vnto the place offended and to know all kinde of Vnguents that are apt to heale all kinde of wounds and vicers which thing must be knowne by practise And likewise to make all manner of Vnguents necessary for Chyrurgerie and for that cause I conclude most truely that our Chyrurgerie is onely practise or experience And that which causeth me to beleâ—ue it is that I haue alwayes seene the most part of Chyrurgiâ—s when they should haue any case in Chyrurgerie they knew not what 〈…〉 the sore but many times they proue this and that and so continue vntill they haue found one that is conuenient for the sore 〈◊〉 unto it 〈…〉 and therefore this is a certaine 〈…〉 medicines to helpe the fore but with experience they search it There 〈◊〉 it be so it is a signe that I haue said the truth and so conclude that Chyrurgerie is a pratise to helâ—â—â—ores 〈…〉 bodies and also on beasts when occasion 〈…〉 What Wounds arâ— VVOunds â—e those which in Latins is called Vulâ—â—s and of the vulgar â—â—â—ere and they are of tide kinds that is simple and compound The simple are those that are onely in the flesh the compound are those where are cut sinewes veines muscles and bones and these are of diuers and fundre kindes And the difference that is among them is by the varietie of the place where they are wounded and by the difference of the weapon wherewith they were hurt for some goe right some ouerth wart some long some broade some are thrusts or stocate that offend diuers parts of the body The simple are of small importance because if ye kéepe them cleane and close shut nature will heals them without any kinde of medicine But those
drie with rednesse and is small with great heat and itching and the same in my iudgement is caused by much heate of the Lyner and adustion of blood and may be healed eassly There is another kinde of great scabbe that hath a great drie crust on them and they grow bigge and the same is of the french poxe being new taken There is another kinde like serpigo that goeth créeping and hath a drie trust and haâ—h no matter vnder it and the same is also of the french poxe inueterated There are also diuers other kinds the which I will leaue at this time because they are of small importance and may be helpt with those medicines which are fit for the kinds aforesaid Of Formicola and his effects THose kinde of vlcers that are commonly called Maldi formica are so called because they are a kinde of maling Vlcers and corroâ—â—ue that goeth creeping vpon the flesh and maketh many holes that are lifted vp on the sides and are red and these for the most part are caused of the poxe as may be séene by experience and those sores are euill to be healed because thereunto runneth aboundance of humors the which cannot be resolued but with inward medicines that is with exquisite purgations that purifie the blood and that cutteth away the euill humours that runne thereunto and cause great alteration with burning This kinde of sore commeth many times in the head and when it commeth in that part it is called Tigna or the white seâ—â—â—e and to shewe that this is the truth ye may sée that those medicines which heale Formicola doth also heale the white scalle for this is a kinde of the poxe as by the effects ye may plainly sée for if any should say the contrary I would answers him againe that this may well be because the same infirmitie may be taken in the mothers wombe or as soone as the childe is borne it may take it of the nurse that giueth it sucke if she be infected with that disense so that I conclude it may be so But there are a number of that kind of disease which I let passe because I haue séene no experience of them A discourse of wounds and other kinds of inward sores VVOunds that are within the body as in the stomacke or belly or in Testinalles in the bladder taines or guts The Milt Lâ—uer Lungs Heart or other muskles or Arteres as there be a number I confesse to know nothing therein and I will shew you the reason you shall vnderstand that when a wound doth offend the interiour parts the Phisition or Chyrurgion or great Anatomist whatsoeuer he be cannot know all those parts offended in the body for after the weapon is within the body it may turne and with the point hurt other parts a farre off the wound and offend diuers particular parts one different from the other and therefore I beséech you excellent Chyrurgions when such a case commeth how doe you know or discerne which parts are hurt but to say the truth I beleeue in that case they know all alike but what should I say of the cure of such a wound if the Chyrurgion know not where it is nor of what importance but worketh by imagination and that nature doth preuails and that the wound doth heale it is by the good fortune of the Phisition so that for wounds inwardly I conclude no other at this time but will leaue it to those that know more then 〈◊〉 and hereafter I will discourse of vâ—cers and impostumes inwardly what they are and how to cure them with our order ye 〈◊〉 vnderstand that there are a number of kindes of vâ—cers and impostumes that maying gender inwardly but it â—â—â—â—eth to me so 〈◊〉 to vnderstand that I can determine nothing that way true and the cause is this that we haue seene an inftinite of Phisitions and Chyrurgious that haue visited one impostumated or vlcerated and the Phisition could not knowe the place and particular of that impostume or vlcer if that the patient dos not tell him and shew hiâ— and cause him to feele with his hand and this is most true and therefore if one cannot resolue him of outward things that he may see and feele with his hand how can he resolue him when one of these accidents is within the body where the patient knowes not himselfe which is grieued Truly I would gladly know what iudgement they would giue of that matter for because if there be any impostume or vlcer in any part of the body the sicke shall feele great offence and paine neuerthelesse he cannot tell where it is nor what part is hurts so that I conclude if that the patient know not much 〈◊〉 the Phisition knoweth and of this I haue made a large discourse in Caprici medicinalle for as I haue said before in this case I know nothing Neuerthelesse when it shall come to his place I will write a discourse of the order to cure the most part of Vâ—cers and Impostumes but touching wounds I will promise no more then I haue said before Also I will write excellent remedies of great exuerience with the which all wounds so they be not mortall may be helpt and healed and also the reasons conuenient in that matter An order to vse in healing all manner of diseases apperteining vnto the Chyrurgian VVOunds and all other sortes of sores are of sundry and diuers kindes as is aforesaid neuerthelesse the order to helpe them is not much different one from the other if we should say onely the truth without abuse For ye shall vnderstand that Nature is the master of all things created and the Phisition and Chyrurgion are helpers of that Nature as the Auntient professors of that Art haue affirmed Than seeing this is so what néede we to make so much aâ—oe hauing Nature that worketh so gently if it be not hindered by the minister and therefore if we will speake of wounds I say that the minister hath thrée operations to doe no more and the rest leaue to nature that worketh gently The thrée operations that the Matter hath to d ee are these To deâ— ens the wound so that there runneth no humours to it and that it putrifie not and to keepe it cleane and when the minister hath done that let Nature worke that which she will worke well and if any desire to sée if it will be so in effect ye may see by a dogge for if he hath a great wound vpon his body he healeth it without any medicine onely with dyeâ— and keeping if cloane with his tongue and this is most true that those which doe helpe wounds by inchantment doe nothing but keepe the wound cleane and cause the patient keepe a dyet and so nature worketh as well on man a on a dog the refore let none maruell of this authoritie of a dog although I approue the like of a Christian But for so much as it would be good to helpe Nature that it might
Aromatico and annoint them with our Magno licore and he shall be perfectly helpt in short space There are other kinds of scabbes that come through great cold and those are healed onely with annointing them with oyle of Frankensence three or foure times To helpe the Mal di formica THose be certeine vlcers which goe creeping in the vpper part of the fiesh and haue many orifices or mouths and these are caused of the Poxe being inueterated the which are cured in that order that the Poxe is and that is thus First purge the body with our Electuario Angelica the which purgeth away grose and maligne humours and euacuateth the stomacke of cholar and fleagme this being done cause the patient to sweat for that will asubtiliate the humors and cause them to come forth that being done take our Cerote magistrale and strew thereon Precipitate and then annoint it with our Magno licore and lay it vpon the sere and there let it lye 24. hours before ye change it then make it cleane and lay it on againe for that Plaster may serue foure dayes making it cleane euery 24. houres and when the Plaster will draw no more matter you shall vse our Voguento magno the which will helpe it in short time But if it doe happen that this order doe not curs them then it would be necessary for them to be annointed with the vnction for the Poxe and to annoint them so long till the mouth be sore and when that signe doth appeare annoint them no more for he will spit or vaper at the mouth for twelue or fifteene dayes and as soone as he vapoureth make a Bath and wash him welt and wash the mouth with wine an without all doubt it shal helpe him Goe willing now hereafter I will write of certeine things which are vsed of common Chyrurgians with a briefe discourse vpon them Of the Towe which is laid vpon wounds by common Chyrurgions THe pledgits of Towe which is laid vpon wounds when they are first stitches is made in this order Rec. The white of an Egge Salt and Rose-water and beate them together and when the wound is stitched then lay it thereon because the blood should stint and the wound remains shut so that it may be helpt with more ease Now touching this I will show the reason why they vse it in their first cure ye shall vnder stand that euery like desireth his like to succour him or keepe company with him and therefore the Antient our Antient professors of Arte willed the white of an Egge to be occupied in wounds because it is a substance of flesh like unto the other flesh and to declare the truth I will prone it by naturall reason for ye shall vnderstand that the white of the Egge is that part which ingendreth the flesh the skinne and the fathers of the Henne and the yolke ingendreth onely the guts and other entrailes of the animall then séeing the white is that which ingendreth the flesh onely it is like vnto flesh as it is said before then the salt is a materiall which preserueth all things from putrifaction as is séene by experience dayly and for that consideration it was put in this composition to preserue the flesh the Rose water by nature is cold and dry and by his coldenesss defendeth the inflamation and by his driness is repercussiue and mitigateth so that these are the reasons why the said Tow is laid vpon wounds but I would to God that such things were vsed as by their excellent operations would helpe and heale from the beginning to the latter ending and to leaue off such trifling orders Of the disgestiue with the which they dresse wounds after the aforesaid Tow. AFter that the Tow is taken away from the wound they dresse it with a composition called digestiue because it digesteth the wound although this medicine be some what scrupulsus and against science and the reason is this yee shall vnderstand that when a man is wounded the place before was sound and therefore being wounded our true dutie is to helpe the same wound and not to digest or rotte it as commonly all Chyrurgions doe for by rotting it in that order it is perillous and more dangerous to be cured as is daily séene by experience and this no man can deny But now I will follow our regiment in shewing what this digestiue is the which is made thus Rec. The youlke of two Egges Terpentine washed ounc 1. Oyle of Roses ounc sem mixe them in an Vnguent and this is the digestiue wherewith they dresse it vntill the sore haue made quitter or matter enough and then they vse to dresse it with medicines much differing from the same but I maruell much at the diuersitie of this matter that this digestiue being applyed to a putrified vlcer worketh diuers effects for it healeth it diuinely and moreouâ—â— ye shall vnderstand that if it be applyed vnto when they be incarnated it will cicatrise them maruailously for truely these are things worthis to be knowne and he that vnderstandeth the reason I accompt him wise for if this digestiue be laid on fresh wounds it putrifieth and rotteth them againe being laid on a filthie sore it doth mundifie and heale and then if it be applyed on a wound incarnated it scicatriseth it and healeth for this haue I done diuers and sundry times the which is to be wondred of Of the mundification vnguent wherewith they dresse the wounds after they are digested to mundifie them VVHen wounds are come to digestion and that they purge alwayes they change vnguents and they apply vnguents that haue vertue to mundifie the wound and make it cleans so that it may be the better incarnate and that vnguent is called properly a mundificatiue the which is made of Barly flower and hunny or hunny of Roses and oyle of Roses and this is the mundificatiue they vse 8. or 10. dayes together for if the wound were not well mundified it would neuer incarnate well so that this vnguent is most necessary in that operation in respect of the ingredience Of their incarnatiue where with they dresse the wound after it is mundified VVHen that the wound is mundified so that thereunto commeth small quantitie of matter than it is necessary to apply vnguents that incarnate so that they may scicatrize with more ease and this kinde of incarnatiue is in the most vse among the coÌ„mon Chyrurgions the which is made of Terpentine Waxe Frankenscence and a little oyle of Roses mixt on the fire and this is their incarnatiue A rare secret the which this Author did send vnto a very friend of his being in the warres in Africa the which helpeth all wounds either by cut thrust galling with arrowes or hargabush shotte or otherwise THe first thing that ye shall doe is to wash the wound very cleane with vrine than dry it very well then put therein our Quintessence of wine and presently ioyne the parts close together
and vpon the wound I dressed it with Magno licore and Balsamo and made a gentle legature with a piece of stike and sent him home to his lodging and wilâ— him to come againe the next day about the same houre and those that were about me fell a laughing at my wordes and said that he would dye of that wound because I let him goe forth in the ayre to which I answered that he might safely goe forth and so the next day he came againe and I took off the ligament but not the cloth and thereon I put of our Quintessence Balme and in thrée daies after I touched it not then I tooke off the ligament againe and dressed it vpon the cloth and let it remaine vntill the 8. day and then I opened it and tooke away the cloth and found the wound so healed that you could scarfe perceiue any scarre and many said it was vnpossible to be healed for it would come to impostumation neuertheles it remayned perfectly whole for 5. or 6. monthes that he remayned in the Citie in which time I cured a great number in the same order that were wounded in the head to the great wonder of those that dwelt in Naples for they count all wounds in the head to be mortall because the ayre is so pestilentiall for as soone as it toucheth the scull it corrupteth the wound But vsing our order thou maist safely help them so that the wound be not mortall for by kéeping it close shut it is preserued A very strange thing that hapned in the aforesaid yeare THere was a certaine yong Mariner of the age of 26. yeares the which was called Francisco di Giouanni Raguseo of the I le of Mezo the which being in fight fell downe and the other that fought with him cut him ouer the side and backe a handfull long in so much that a péece of the Milt was cut ouerth wart then he was carryed to a Chyrurgion and he stitched him vp then the next day I was called and there I found the wound not well stitched the which I ripped vp againe and found the belly full of blood and when I saw that I caused diuers to make water and therewith I washed him and with taking forth of the blood there came a péece of the Milts that was cut the which I washed and gaue it to a Mariner that stood by and the Patrone of the ship tooke it from him and carryed it away then I stitched him vp againe and left a little hole or orifice beneath where the matter might come forth and dressed him with our Quintessence with Balsamo and Magno licore and in the space of 22. dayes he was whole perfectly The cure of a Fistolae in the lower parts IN the yeare 1552. in the month of March I was brought vnto a man of the age of 40. yeares of complection cholericke and melancholicke the which had a Fistolae in the lower parts the which was of this nature that it had alterated the Coddes the member and all the parts there about with xj holes infistolated at the which xj he made water with great burning and intollerable paine and which are accidents of a feuer in manner continuall the which Patient had béene taken in hand of diuers and none could doe him pleasure Than the first thing that I did I gaue him our Aromatico that being done I gaue him xij dayes together our Quint essencia solutiuo that being â—one I gaue himâ—â— quantitie of our Electuario Angelica and then he vsed one of my secrets the which I will not write in this place that being done I caused him to spit with one of my confections written hereafter and so by these meanes he was perfectly whole Of many that I cured in Naples IN that time that I remained in the famous Cittie of Naples vntill the yeare 1555. in the month of Februarie and then I thought it good to goe to Rome whereat this time I cured a number of persons and haue helpt so many by the help of God the which if I should record them it would be sufficient to fill a great volume for there came such a number to my dore that the people wondred thereat and with 4. medicines compounded by me I helpt in manner all of euery disease and the medicines were these one Pill made with our Petra Philosophale Elebore negro Olio di sulpho Olio di melle mixed with marchpane and made in Pills The second remedie was soluble Pills made with Aloe hepatico Coloquintida Siena and oyle of Vitrioll made in paste with sugar and common honey The third remedie was an vnction made with Sage Rosemary Wormewood Rew Muit Nutmegs Cloues Ciuamon Masticke Frankeâ—â—â—nse Terpentine and Waxe with common oyle The 4. remedie was our Quintessence and these 4. remedius I gaue vnto those people to helpe their griefes and I wiâ—â—â— them that tooke these medicines to eate well and of good meates and so always they praises these medicines the which was not without great reason because the Pills â—â—râ—t euacuate the stomacke of all impediments and leaueth nature â—ased the second Pills euacuate the body of the corruption The Vnction comforteth the stomacke and helpeth digestion and mitigateth the paine The Quintessence comforteth the stomacke causeth good disgestion purifieth the blood and comforteth the head so that by these aforesaid reasons ye may vnderstand that these foure remedies may helpe against all indispositions inwardly and for cause of these remedies those people honour me like a Prophet and alwayes haue had me in great reuerence as long as I remained among them A Cure of Vlcera putrida which was in the Arme. IN the year aforesaid and in the month of August there came to my hand a Gentleman of the Embassadors of Portingall that was called Il Signor Iari being of the age of 32. yeares of complection melancholike who had a putrified vlcer about the left shoulder which he had caried above 3. years was as big as a haÌ„d and very déep which could not be healed of the common Chyrurgians nor yet be eased of his paine than I reasoning with this Gentleman tolde him that the cause of that sore was corrupt and putrified blood and by that meanes the Liuer receiued euill qualities and that if he would be helpt the cause must be remoued the which was hard to be done because the blood must be euacuated a little and then the stomacke must be euacuated of moist matter that offendeth it and hindereth digestion of the meate and will not suffer good blood to ingender then it will be also necessary to euacuate the body downewards that the corruption sendeth not vp his vapors to the vpper parts of the body and hinder the cure of the Vlcer all this being done it were necessarie to euacuate the humor betwéene the skinne and the flesh by sweat so that all the parts of the body may remaine purified and so by these meanes the Vlcer may easily mundifie
for that disease as for other such like and the order to make it is thus Rec. A young Hen that hath not yet laid Egges and pull her quicke and then take forth her guts onely and stamp her in a stone morter and put thereto as much â—rum of white bread as the flesh doth weigh and stamp them together and put thereto a handfull of fresh sâ—abious and as many leaues of gold as weigheth a french Crowne then put thereto as much water of Mortella as all the aforesaid matter doth weigh and so leaue it one night and then distill it in an vrinall of glasse with 3. pound of strong wine in Balneo Marie vntill the fesses remaine drye and then it is ended Then for euery pound of this distillation put thereunto 1. ounc of water of Honey made according to our order and kéepâ— it in a glasse vnstopt that the strong sauor may gOe away and the order to vse it in the Feuer Etike I haue written in this Chapter this serueth also for those inward causes the which are most troublesome and for theâ—e that haue a burning feauer also for women that haue a â—eauer in their childbirth Our vigitable Sirop the which is miraculous and diuine THis Sirop is one of my â— secrets with the which I haue done many 〈◊〉 many times in 〈◊〉 operations on many 〈◊〉 and haue béene so tharie of it that I ment 〈◊〉 to set it forth in my lifetime but yet I considering what great benefite it might be vnto the world I thought good to set it forth that euery one might be serued according to his pleasure and the like I will doe of many other seâ—ers of great importance the which shall be dispearceâ— among my bookes and the order to make this Sitop is thus Rec. Lignum â—oes Râ—opontico Eupatorio red Sanders of each 2. ounc deaâ—e them and make thereof a decoction in good forme and with 4. pound of this decoction make a sirop and put thereto these things following whiles it is hot Saâ—â—rane 1. sruple Ginger 1. drame Muske 2. carrets the solution of our Petra vigitabile 3. ounc Cloues 〈◊〉 of each 〈◊〉 sruple and a halfe than keepe it in a glasse close shut and this is our vigitable sirop the which worketh miracles in diuers infirmities for by his nature it purifieth the blood mundifieth the Liuer comforteth the heart preserueth the stomacke prouoketh vrine dissolueth graâ—ell in the reines it helpeth the cough and helpeth digestion and quieteth all the humors in the sicke person with diuers other vertues the which I will leaue till another time This may 〈◊〉 with broth with distilled waters or with any decoction or medicine fasting the quantitie is from 1. 〈◊〉 2. 〈◊〉 and happy shall they be which shall vse it An 〈…〉 helpeth the Cough with great 〈◊〉 and ease THe Cough 〈…〉 of a 〈◊〉 humor and coldnesse in the 〈◊〉 and therefore iâ— ye will helpe it it were necessary to haue a remedy that doth ripen the cattarre and mollifie the stomacke and the order to make it is thus Rec. Enula campana 4. ounc Marsh Mallowes 12. ounc Quinces 16. ounc but if ye cannot get Quinces ye may take Marmilade ready made and boyle it in faire water with the said rootes vntill they be dry then stamp them in a morter and straine them through a strainer then take for euery pound of that matter 2. pound of white Honey and boyle them together but boyle them not too much then take it from the fire and put thereunto for euery pound of the aforesaid matter one scruple of Saffran and 1. dram of Cinamon and 2. ounces of Sulphur and 1. scruple of Licorice and then incorporate them well together and aromatise it with muske and Rose-water and this ye shall vse morning and euening for this is of so great vertue that it is to be wondred at because the Mallowes doe molifie the Enula campana doth warme and causeth digestion and comforteth the stomacke the Quinces are cordiall warme the Sulphur is a great dryer the which destroyéth the euill humors of the body the Saffran comforteth the heart the Cinamon is stomacall the Licorice is molificatiue and digesteth the matter so that of force this Electuary must helpe any kinde of Cough except it come of the Poxe for then it will doe small pleasure as I haue proued Electuario benedicto Leonardi the which purgeth the body without any griefe and is miraculous in his operation THis Electuario benedicto is compound of our inuention many yeares agoe and is so called because of his meruellous operation and the order to make it is thus Rec. Of a certaine kinde of fruite called of some Spina merula of others Spini ceruino with his berry they make a kinde of say gréene take of these berries when they be ripe and stamp them and take thereof the iuyce and straine it by a filter and for euery pound of the aforesaid iuyce ye shall put therein these things Sinamond Safrane Cloues 〈◊〉 Ginger ana 1. dram Sena Aloâ—â—â—â—â— 3. dram mixe them well together and set it in the 〈…〉 it be dryed like a pasâ—e and then make it liquid againe with these following Rec. Rosewater our Quintessence ana 2. ounc for a pound Muske 2. carrets for a pound Mirrha 1. dram for a pound incorporate all the aforesaid things together and set it in the Sunne vntill it be through drye and may be made in pounder of the which ye shall take what quantity ye wil and mixe it with as much Honey purified and that is 〈◊〉 Electuario bâ—nedicto the which purgeth the body without pains and preserueth the stomacke purgeth the head and helpeth putrified feâ—ers with diuers other things the which I will not write at this time Ye may kéepe this mixture 6. months after it is mixt with Honey the dose is from halfe an ounce to a whole ounce Ye may take them in Pilles in broth in a Lectuarie or in Wine or how ye will and alwayes they shall 〈◊〉 his effect well An Electuarle against the euill disposition of the Liueâ— and Stomacke THe 〈…〉 with diuers 〈◊〉 causes but for the 〈◊〉 part it is of heate For the heate showeth some outward signe as is séene by experience for their Face and Nose 〈◊〉 they haue heate in their Legs châ—ps in the palme of their hand and séete It ingendreth Fluxes in the body burning of Vrine running of the Raines and such like effects And the order to 〈◊〉 them is thus Rec. Citraca Sâ—olopendria Epâ—â—les Eupâ—â—erlo ana 3. ounces beate them in 〈◊〉 pâ—wâ—â—r Lignum aloes thrée drams 〈◊〉 2. 〈◊〉 Cinamon 2. 〈◊〉 white 〈…〉 and a halâ— mixe them and incorporate them together without fire then take thereof morning and euening 1. ounce at a time but afore ye begin to take this electuary ye shall take a quantitie of our Electuario Angelica and then in short time they shall be holpe as thou maist well sée by the