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A50701 A short view of the fravds, and abvses committed by apothecaries, as well in relation to patients, as physicians, and of the only remedy thereof by physicians making their own medicines by Christopher Merret ... Merret, Christopher, 1614-1695. 1670 (1670) Wing M1844; ESTC R650 40,249 81

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but one notorious instance of it and 't is this I having occasion to use some Seeds sent for them to a Seeds-man the Messenger desiring to have those of the same Year The Tradesman knowing him to live with me asked if they were for Physical use he replyed in the affirmative whereat he presently shewed him others which were of 6 or 7 years old as he confessed affirming them to be as good for that use as the newest which he sold only for sowing and that he kept the others though never so old for the Apothecaries only who still asked for them buying them though 20 years old not regarding if they were decayed and wholy effete for no Seed will preserve its vegetative faculty above 7 years much less its Physical so they could but have them cheap Besides their pretty knacks as they call them of making their Compounds fair to the eye more vendible but worse for use by restoring them to their colour and consistence that they may pass for good which perhaps 't is better to pass over in silence lest by confuting I should teach the younger Fry who may better be honestly ignorant of them Now for their substituting one thing for another and detracting where they please I shall add but one Story of an Apothecary who commanded his man who told him they had no good Rhabarb in the house that he should put in double quantity of what they had Nay I have known one simple of a quite different nature used for a whole composition Tenthly I shall conclude this ungrateful Discourse with saying that by reason more frauds may be committed by the Apothecaries then by any other Trade and by supposition that gain will tempt most men to dishonest actions especially where they may act undiscovered I say that this seems to be the cause why they have two Supervisors set over them more then any Company that I know of viz. the Censors of the College of Physicians and the Master and Wardens of their own Company The next thing is the inlarging and multiplying their Bills and Medicines First When in Chronical Diseases a Physician is consulted they go on of their own heads with the same prescription frequently enough to the Patients great disadvantage both of health and purse Secondly By giving and intermixing Medicines of their own Phancy with the Physicians prescriptions viz. some pleasing Medicine whereby too often the Physicians intention is quite crost and the effect made uncertain and hazardous Thirdly By giving Medicines themselves on small accounts and such as require only a good ordering and no more Fourthly By repeating long courses of Physic unadvisedly and needlesly when either nothing or very little is needful to be done Fifthly By creating diseases in easie mens Phansies and so decoying them into courses of Physic Sixthly Some of them get private and worthless receipts and sell them at what rate they please Mr. Delaune by one Pill alone though not a very safe one got some thousands of pounds Seventhly If one of them get a private receipt from a Physician called by the inventor his Nostrum if another Apothecary have occasion to use it he shall be sure to pay sawce for it Eighthly Another trick is when the Patient is cured and the Physician therefore hath given over his Visits then comes the Apothecary and insinuates by his words and passions either some danger of relapse or some other present distemper and repairs to the Physician for a Bill to cure the imaginary disease Ninthly But their principal Art of all is to cry up and bring in to Patients such Physicians who through design must comply with the Apothecaries Interest and such Practisers they extol and cry up for good Physicians which some of them call more expresly good Apothecaries Physicians and such without doubt the whole Company will endeavour to raise unto a fame and practice But such as write only for the good of the Patient and not at all for the benefit of the Apothecary as all honest men ought to do they will endeavour to prevent their calling in or to shuffle them out Now this good Apothecaries Physician they describe by his frequent though needless visits but especially by the multitude of his Bills by his visiting twice a day or oftner a very careful and painful Doctor and by still writing new Medicines when half the former or perhaps none of them have been taken making an Apothecaries Shop in the Patients House planting the Cupboards and Windows with Glasses and Gally-Pots and not a quarter of the whole made use of He prescribes a Medicine for every slight complaint and never goes away from the Patient or the Patient from him without a Bill for fear of the Apothecaries grumbling And from this burdening the sick with multiplicity of Medicines too often contrary to and destructive one of another it proceeds that in the Small Pox and Measles many are afraid to use Physicians and commit the care of the sick to Nurses and Old Women and perhaps sometimes not without cause for by continual multiplication of Medicines the humours of the body may be made or kept in too great a state of fluidity whence the Flox followeth Whereas a Medicine or two duly administred may suffice to bring them well forth and then there needs no more but good ordering unless perhaps some accident arise which may require further care And here as well as in other Cases the Patient is to be rectified who requires the Physicians Visits and yet dismisseth him without a reward unless he writes a Bill whereas it might have been better if nothing at all had been prescribed and the Physician left to his own judgment and hence it is that many enlarge their Bills that the Patient may think he hath enough for his money whereby the Apothecary is gratified who ought to commend the Medicines as necessary for the sick person and singular in themselves whereas in truth this great farcy proves ungrateful to the tast and stomach inconvenient to health by curing one disease but creating more and by this means keeping them continually in a way of Physic A third abuse of the Apothecaries relates to the prices of their Medicines first they put what rates they please on their Simples Compounds and Receipts and none are judges of them but those of their own Trade insomuch that they gain a 11 d. in the Shilling if they say true of themselves Whereas the Colleges of Physicians beyond Sea yearly set a tax upon the Simples and Compounds of the Shops So that the Customer can tell the price of what he hath occasion to use and not stand at the mercy of the Apothecary to rate them as he lists and to this purpose they put in print the prices of them every year Secondly Suppose a Physician hath prescribed a Pint of Juleb c. to be taken at four several times some Apothecaries carry not the whole pint at once but divide it into four
Drugs and some without any view at all others put in the Scrapings that ought to be thrown away and by these Arts they under-sell and ruine one another selling the Composition at a lower rate then good Ingredients cost them and with these complaints they daily mutiny amongst themselves Thirdly 'T is very common for them to load Medicines with Honey and other cheaper ingredients and to leave out in whole or in part those of greater value viz. Saffron in Ruffus Pills and in Oxycroceum Plaster which latter they colour of a Saffron colour with Turmeric Sanders c. Ambergrise in Alkermes Diascordium was found by the Censors in their search made only of Honey and Bole-Armeniac Which false composition was taken away by the then Master of the Company Such Chymists which sell preparations honestly made complain that few Apothecaries will go to the prices of them Whence it comes to pass that most of the preparations found in the Shops are sophisticated to the great abuse of City and Country These abuses daily increase since the Censors discouraged by the multitude of Empirics swarming in every Corner have omitted their wonted searches being to their loss of and expences out of their own Purses for the publick good only Now since the Chymical Oyls by reason of their great prices are most of them adulterated and very few of them right good and that nothing hath been published on this matter and to leave the buyers of them unexcusable I shall here add briefly yet sufficiently the ways to discover these Cheats First for sweet-scented Chymical Oyls viz. those of Cloves Cinnamon and Sassaphras Only drop a little of them into fair water and that part which is true good will sink under the water but the adulterated part will swim on the top of it Some others draw deep tinctures from the said Spices with Spirit of Wine highly rectified and sell them for the Oyls but these mix with the water throughout neither swimming nor sinking Others more craftily digest with the said tinctures some of the true Oyls which compound being put into water will for a time render it white Another way of sophisticating is with Oyl of Turpentine mixed in great quantity with that which is adulterated You may easily discover the Oyl of Turpentine by setting it on fire for it yields abundance of ill-scented smoak with very little savour of the Herb Flour or Seed c. and soon takes fire To correct the ill smell of the Turpentine they digest it with and distilit off with Spirit of Wine Those sophisticated with Turpentine fired in a Silver Spoon colour it and quickly diffuse themselves upon a Knife or Paper The best way to try by ●iring is to put a drop or two of these Oyls on the end of a broad pointed Knife which being first heated and then thrust into a lighted Candle presently take fire and break out into a flame with much dark smoak but if you will try them in a Spoon heat it first over a Candle and then blow the flame of lighted paper or of a Wax Candle on them To try the scent blow out the flame of the good Oyls and your smell will soon discover the ill scent of the Turpentine from that of the good Oyl But on the contrary all Oyls drawn from Plants by distillation hardly flame and the flame soon goes out and the smoak gives a full flavour of the Plant it self whereas those sophisticated as before differ from the true in both The same Oyls are also sophisticated with cheap ones drawn from decayed Oringes and Limons Your smell on firing will soon discover these mixtures A third way of sophisticating Chymical Oyls is by mixing with them such Oyls as are made by expression which are easily discovered by rubbing them on white paper which being held and dryed at the fire the Chymical part soon flyes away and leaves the paper transparent looking no otherwise then oyled paper but pure Chymical Oyls totally fly away leaving the paper white as 't was before and not transparent and in this way Oyl of sweet Almonds and Spike have a great share As for Oyls drawn by Retort they all of them smell so strong of the ●ire that neither smell nor tast can well discover any fraud in them Now for the fixed Salts most of them are made of the Ashes of Tobacco-stalks c. More might be said for the discovery of the Cheats of other Chymical preparations which shall be reserved to another opportunity and had Physicians just encouragement they would spend both their time and moneys on the like discoveries for the publick Utility Fifthly Add to the former though perhaps 't is an error of ignorance only that if such Simples are prescribed they know not they fetch from the Herb-women what they give them true or false for many of these Women give to very many Plants false names Now if the Apothecary be so careful to consult an Herbal which few have and fewer know how to make use of yet they too frequently mistake the thing by reason of several names given to the same thing or of one name to several things and many of them consult the common Dictionaries only which are most erroneous in the names of natural things insomuch that in my first practice being curious of these particulars I have found two or three mistakes in one prescription a Catalogue of which mistakes and names ill given I had collected but the late fire consumed it though many of them my memory hath reserved Sixthly Many of the London and most of the Country-Apothecaries buy of the whole-sale men who affirm of one another especially of such who gain great Estates in short time that they cannot sell their Medicines honestly made at so low a rate as they do Seventhly I shall need to say little of such distilled waters as discover themselves neither to smell nor tast but shall only recite a known Story of an Apothecary who chid his man for sending away a Customer that came for Plantan water telling him there was enough at the Pump Eighthly As for Ointments and Plasters they are sold by some at so low a price viz. 3 d. per l. for Ointments as I have been informed that 't is not possible to make them at and yet such however falsifyed maintain a trade amongst Country and low-priced City Apothecaries and the Chirurgeons profess they cannot effect their Cures with the Shop-Medicines and that this is the reason why they make their own Oyls Oyntments c. as the Apothecaries Charter allows them to do and why may not Physicians think this to be the cause why they sometimes fail in their Cures as well as Chirurgeons and also make their own Medicines as well as they especially since the Apothecary may as easily falsify and to greater profit in the one then in the other Ninthly As to their use of bad or decayed Drugs 't is so common a practice that I shall need to give
Thirdly He will avoid the trouble put upon him after he hath writ his Bill by the Apothecaries ignorance in not understanding it who to be informed came to the Doctor heretofore with their Hats off but now send their Boys who soon put theirs on Such respect do they give Physicians when they come to them as to their Masters to teach them Fourthly He will avoid the impertinent Visits of the Apothecaries and non-sensical troublesome and discouraging frightful discourses to the Patient of whom no man can expect more then the Common Proverb gives to Praters and impertinent Speakers That they talk like Apothecaries Fisthly He will avoid the mischiefs from their Visits who by their shrugs signs or words may diminish the Physicians reputation and good opinion whether in his skill or Medicines whereby good Medicines are neglected and the expectation of a good success upon the use of them taken away or at least causing an averseness to them which actings do exceedingly prejudice the Patient in reference to his Cure Sixthly He will avoid this inconvenience that some Apothecaries have attributed the Cure to some of their intermixed Medicines or alteration of the Doctors Bill Seventhly He will avoid that incivility of such of them who in the Physicians presence will feel the Pulse judg of the Urine discourse the Cause Nature what the Disease is and what will be the issue of it propose Medicines nay sometimes endeavour to advise with the Physician to contradict and dispute with him to compare and set himself above the Physician and to say truth these odious and intolerable Comparisons and intrusions daily complained of by my Collegues were a great cause of my departing from them Eighthly He will avoid those Scandals they have opportunity to raise that such a Physician is Covetous Proud Negligent and minds not his practice and the like without the least ground and are frequently by such Artifices the Cause of introducing another Physician knowing that thereby more Bills will come to their File and many times the former Medicines be layed aside and in this shuffling in and out of Physicians they have commonly a great share Ninthly Apothecaries being now Competitors with Physicians for practice and down-right Enemies to such as make their own Medicines why should not we suspect them of this false Play by telling the Patient the Doctors Medicine will not work which he knows well enough how to effect and then to tell him he will prepare him one of his own that will work when perhaps that he calls his own preparation was nothing but what the Doctor had prescribed before and by this Artifice to advance himself above the Physician Another mischief in sending Bills to the Apothecaries is that though the Apothecaries be honest and who can tell which of them is so yet the Servants neglect or ignorance to whom they commit the whole care of dispensing and are intruth the Apothecaries and not their Masters may mar all in their Masters absence who is visiting abroad or at his recreations And now I have done with the unpleasant task of raking into the faults of the Apothecaries and with discoursing how Physicians may save themselves from their devices I shall next shew the advantages that will come to the Patient the Physician and people by this way of remedy proposed As for the Patients they may hereby save most of the great charges of Apothecaries Bills which in long Cases amount to very great sums in a year although the Physician hath received very few Fees the Physician may so order his business as to take his Fee for his Visits only and at home such competent Fees for his advice alone as are usually given and in both Cases take nothing for his Medicines and so save the Patient the whole charge of the Apothecaries Bill which very seldom comes short and for the most part manifoldly exceeds the Physicians Fees And this he may very well do by making fewer less chargable more effectual and durable Medicines then the Shops afford and suffer nothing in the non-use or decay of his Medicines because he need make no more then will serve his own practice and I must here profess that which I intended not to have published that this is the course I have generally taken for the four Months last past since I made my own Medicines but that some Apothecaries have given out most falsly that I have sent in Bills to Patients for money but to convince such of their wonted lying I do hereby oblige my self to give 100 pound to any of them that shall produce such a Bill Secondly This way will not clog the Patient with more Medicines then are needful nor will omit any thing may conduce to his recovery for if he fails in either 't is to his prejudice either in spending more Medicines which cost him money or in not performing his Cure which loseth his practice But I do not propose this course of mine as a general rule to all Physicians but leave this to every mans private judgment Neither do I hereby bind my self to the same practice because some few Cases may fall out though to an equal advantage to the Patient may perswade me to the contrary For I find some persons of that perswasion as to think they have not given satisfaction unless they have payed for the Medicines but to such persons I have always allowed them to give me what they pleased themselves for the cure only to the full satisfaction of both parties Though I will not deny but some persons out of gratitude for their Cure have rewarded me beyond this proposal Some of my acquaintance have desired me to be more plain in this last Paragraph especially in that part of it where I say I do not bind my self to the said practice and to declare more fully the Cases that may perswade me to the contrary which are these and such as these First Where Patients of their own free offers will contract with the Physician● or have formerly too meanly rewarded him for his Cure in both which the Statutes of our College allow a contract to be made with Patients Another case is if a Physician be consulted once and for his Fee hath given Medicines gratis if the Patient frequently send for his Medicines without the least reward at all Or if the Patient living far in the Country having as before once consulted the Physician as in the last case and shall for weeks nay months send for the same Medicines Or if the Patients friend shall recommend a Medicine to another friend of his unknown to the Physician and where he gives no Counsel if a Physician in the Country shall desire some of his Medicines which are all the cases that occur at present I say in some of these the Physician must needs be payed for his Medicines but in other 't is rational he should be payed for his advice as he desireth new Medicines which charge will be far short
also of the Apothecaries Medicines whether repeated or prescribed upon new advice Now the great charge of Apothecaries Bills and nauseousness of their Medicines appears to be the cause why long habitual diseases as the Kings Evil Falling-Sickness Convulsions Melancholies and Winds in the Bowels Gouts c. become seldom relieved though they may with a constant facile way be perfectly cured where neither the great charge not unpleasantness of Medicines deterr them from a continued necessary use of Remedies And for the same reasons many will be kept from relapses who being tired out with taking variety of Medicines give over before the tone and strength of their parts is restored which is necessary to be done in all long Diseases He may so contrive his Medicines first That they may be taken in small quantity and be made more grateful to the tast and stomach and perform more then those of the Apothecaries commonly slovenly made and of themselves Fulsom Nauseous and Sluggish Secondly His Medicines made for particular persons may last Weeks Months nay Years whereas the Apothecaries Drinks especially in the Summer time must be renewed once or twice every day to the excessive charge of the Patient That his Medicines may be fewer is evident in Physicians that practise in the Country who ride far to Patients and carry in their Mans Cloak-bag Medicines enough not only for the person he is sent to but also for most other persons and Cases he meets with in his Travels and therefore his Closet needs contain but few yet noble and generous Medicines and such as may serve him upon all occasions supplying what 's defective from the Fields or Gardens He may avoid all pompous useless chargable Medicines of the Shops and substitute in their place cheaper and more conducible to health He may very well lay aside the precious Stones Saphir Emerals c. the high priced Magistrals of Coral and Pearl made worse by their preparatious or rather destroyed thereby in their Virtue as also Unicorns Horn and Bezoar all which are now rarely used alone but in the received Compositions He may also spare the charges of leaf-gold for guilding Pots Glasses Pills Electuaries Boles c. which serves only to raise the Bill He may teach the Patients facile and easie Remedies as to make a Clyster apply Blisters or Medicines to the feet where they are needful c. and in many Cases may cure by well ordering his Patient only without any Remedies at all or but very few being free to act for the Patients Health without the grumbling of the Apothecary and many other ways he may daily meet with very advantageous to the Patient He will have little use of Conserves Syrups Lohocks c. a greater part whereof Sugar makes up which doth more hurt to most persons then the other ingredients do good As for Infusions and Decoctions he will find by experiment how much liquor or Mensiruum will suffice to extract the full vertue of the ingredients and what are helps or hinderances thereunto and thereby neither suffer loss in the quantity or quality of them He will discover the inefficacy of many of the Syrups and other Medicines in the Shops made of such ingredients the qualities whereof what with boiling what with the great quantity of Sugar necessary to keep them are either made useless or opposite to the ends they are proposed for Especially in such Plants Seeds and Flowers which consist of fine volatil parts and even in drying and pounding or the least boiling exhale and evaporate and therefore in the common way of ordering them lose their whole vertue or most of their efficacy and alter in their properties From which by several methods known to some Physicians very generous and singular Medicines may be produced He need not use so large Compositions consisting of such confused and contrary ingredients and will find good reason to lay aside those unintelligible and unreasonable Compositions of Mithridate and Treacle and the so much magnified Treacle-water and will substitute better in their places of smaller charge and less trouble and this all Physicians I have conversed with and the College it self by their Book published for the common good in the year before the Plague and all those Physicians in this City who make or intend to make their own Medicines do confess But here Apothecaries open wide and cry out that the Physicians are great Cheats and envious persons for continuing such flat Medicines and not recommending to the World or rather their Shops our greater secrets The answer is easie that the Medicines in our Pharmacopaea are the best of any other Pharmacopaea in the World both for their goodness and well preparing of them whether they be Chymical or Galenical and therefore the same scandal will ly on all Pharmacopaea's whatsoever Secondly I say that within these few last experimental years the practical part of Physic hath been much improved as well as Anatomy especially by such as have put their hands to work and therefore till such improvement this could not be well amended Furthermore in making new Dispensatories a full consent must be had and 't were not fit to move where the motion were not like to take place for though private men invent new ways of compounding and preparing and using their own invented Medicines yet 't will require a long time to make them publickly known and brought into common use and till that be done 't is not possible to have them brought into a common Dispensatory besides no man would make a motion for such a reformation unless he were well furnished with specificks and then 't will be required of him to expose them to the whole World which how incongruous it will be every man may easily conceive hereto add that the Apothecaries think themselves able enough by this present Dispensatory to out-beard Physicians and do publickly profess as hath been said that they understand the practice of Physic as well as they how much more would they have said so if they had been made Masters of these secrets And here I shall admonish those of my own Faculty who have devoted their Studies Labours and Purses for the improvement of their Art to consider that as natural things have their bounds and limits and that there is no new Creation of them and besides that these things have their bounds also of improvement beyond which 't is impossible for man to go and that by a good method and industry that end may be attained though at present I must confess no Art is more capable of enlargement then ours I say let all consider and they will find what a vast encouragement they have to improve their knowledg so far that they shall not only be able to leave mankind destitute of no remedy Nature did ever produce but also restore and setle those Honours ignorant men would usurp upon the Learned Professors of this Science and I see no reason why Physicians should communicate
and actings against themselves who are the first aggressors in this division Which I profess to be the sole end of these present papers and heartily wish they may thrive and prosper as long as they conform themselves to the Laws of Honesty Reason and of the Land Besides why may not the Plaisterer more reasonably pretend the same to the Painter and many other Trades against one another as the Brick-layer to the Stone-Cutter c. that they understand the Trade and that truly too and that they cannot subsist without this incroachment And why should not Chirurgeons keep open Apothecaries Shops but that the same Law limits those Tradesmen as well as prohibits the Apothecary from the practice of Physic And surely the Law and State have no consideration of those persons subsistence who conform not to them and why should we have of those subordinate to us who against all good Conscience take away from us all that is our due and continually traduce and slander us very untruly and designingly The last objection and a strange one is that in this private way of giving Medicines Physicians may poyson their Patients But this is easily retorted upon the Apothecaries who may themselves or their Servants do the like as 't is known in the poysoning of Sir Thomas Overbury besides since it cannot be otherwise but that the Patient must trust somebody 't is better to trust one then many and if one better him whose education will teach him better Morality and who hath given his Faith equivalent to an Oath twice to the Body of the College viz. once at his admission as Candidate and a second time at his admission as Fellow whereby he promiseth in these words That he shall give nothing to cause miscarriage or to destroy or hinder Conception nor Poysons for of such good Medicines may be made to an evil purpose nay that he shall not even teach them where there is any suspicion of ill using of them Which promise is nothing else but the Oath proposed by Hippoc. to Physicians in the entrance to his Books then such as want these qualifications and this seems to be the reason why our Common Law makes it Felony for any person to have any one dy under his hand unless he were a lawful Physician More noble and generous was the opinion of Alexander the Great concerning his Physician who confidently drank off that Medicine which cured him though he was before informed by some friend that 't was poysoned Neither can History it self to my knowledg produce any example that ever any such foolish Villany was acted Though doubtless many lives might have been saved if the Apothecaries would have complyed with the College in their proposed Orders for selling Rats-bane In the next place I shall recite some few of their devices against those Physicians in particular that make their own Medicines as to tell the Patient that is averse to Chymical Medicines that the Doctor is Chymical and that because for sooth he makes his own Medicines but to those that affect Chymical that the Doctor is but a Galenist and useth only dull and ineffectual remedies as best suits to the sick mans Palat A second is that if this Physician be called into a Patient the Apothecary will pretend present danger and in his absence call in another or pretend he is abroad when he is not or else that the Case requires the counsel of two Physicians and what other devices they use I have not well learned Now briefly follow some small Scandals they cast upon the said Physicians as first that they do it for want of practice the falsity whereof is known by those few that do act this way already and shortly 't will be more apparent when many more of good practice singular parts and honesty will do the like and certainly nothing but lazyness ignorance or want of will to do the utmost good they are able for the sick can hinder them from so doing except age infirmity of body or want of convenience But suppose 't is so as they alledg doubtless every man may and ought to use all lawful means for his own subsistence and do not our adversaries say they are inforced to it affirming that unless they give Medicines of themselves their acquaintance will go to another Apothecary who will do it though one of their Company told me they had power by their Charter to restrain practice Whence if true it clearly follows that the whole Company allows it But those Physicians that for the reasons above cannot nor will not take this course are to be admonished to do here as the Physicians did in France for the good of people viz. to tell their Patients the prices of Medicines and to write their Bills in English that thereby the Patients may not pay too un reasonable for them I now conclude having performed this ungrateful task with as much brevity mildness of Spirit and language as the business would permit and what the prudent Statutes of our College require of each of their members that we shall by all honest and lawful ways and means prosecute all illiterate Mountebanks and Impostors c. and is no more then the Laws and Charters granted to us allow and what we twice faithfully promise as much an Oath as we can give viz. at our admission as Candidate and as Fellow being obliged to another work of greater difficulty and concern long since promised having been too long diverted with sitting my self for my intended practice and several other unavoidable Occasions Postscript REader There intervening so small a space from the publication of the first Edition of these Papers to this second I thought to have added nothing to it but to have put it out only more correct as the Title intimates but since some Sheets were printed off I have had the opportunity to be informed of some exceptions taken to them which being but few I shall give the Objectors full satisfaction in Though one answer might serve for all viz. that an Apothecary in the presence of two Physicians said that he had told me of all these Cheats and indeed they are so common that whosoever shall be conversant with them may observe most of these to be a great part of their discourse The First exception against Myrtle-leafs that they were not shewed the Censors for Sena a Binder for a Purger the time I have forgot the Censors then were Sir George Ent Dr. Goddard Dr. King and my Self the places Tut-hillstreet and some Shops in King-street Mr. Shellberry being then Master of the Company Secondly As for Mushrooms rubbed over with Chalk for Agaric this was found by the Censors in the Oid-Baily at the Shop of one now dead and therefore I shall say no further of it it being taken notice of by Mr. Evelyn as is intimated before p. 8. A Third is Diascordium made of Honey and Bole-Armeniac this was discovered in a Shop at the end of Drury-lane near Holborn