persuade_v the_o hedui_n diligent_o to_o make_v supply_n of_o necessary_a provision_n he_o send_v to_o the_o boii_n to_o advertise_v they_o of_o his_o come_n to_o encourage_v they_o to_o continue_v loyal_a and_o noble_o to_o resist_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o leave_v two_o legion_n with_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n at_o agendicum_n he_o march_v towards_o the_o boii_n the_o next_o day_n come_v to_o a_o town_n of_o the_o senones_n call_v vellaunodunum_n he_o determine_v to_o take_v it_o in_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v leave_v no_o enemy_n behind_o he_o which_o may_v hinder_v a_o speedy_a supply_n of_o victual_n and_o in_o two_o day_n he_o enclose_v it_o about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n the_o three_o day_n some_o be_v send_v out_o touch_v the_o give_v up_o of_o the_o town_n he_o command_v all_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o cattle_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o and_o six_o hundred_o pledge_n to_o be_v deliver_v leave_v c._n trebonius_n a_o legate_n to_o see_v it_o perform_v he_o himself_o make_v all_o speed_n towards_o genabum_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o man_n of_o chartres_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v of_o the_o take_n in_o of_o vellaunodunum_n persuade_v themselves_o the_o matter_n will_v not_o rest_v so_o they_o resolve_v to_o put_v a_o strong_a garrison_n into_o genabum_n thither_o come_v caesar_n within_o two_o day_n and_o encamp_v himself_o before_o the_o town_n the_o evening_n draw_v on_o he_o put_v off_o the_o assault_n unto_o the_o next_o day_n command_v the_o soldier_n to_o prepare_v in_o a_o readiness_n such_o thing_n as_o shall_v be_v necessary_a for_o that_o service_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o town_n of_o genabum_n have_v a_o bridge_n lead_v over_o the_o river_n loire_n he_o fear_v lest_o they_o of_o the_o town_n will_v steal_v away_o in_o the_o night_n for_o prevention_n whereof_o he_o command_v two_o legion_n to_o watch_v all_o night_n in_o arm_n the_o townsman_n a_o little_a before_o midnight_n go_v out_o quiet_o and_o begin_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n which_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o scout_n caesar_n with_o the_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v ready_a in_o arm_n burn_v the_o gate_n and_o enter_v the_o town_n take_v it_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v take_v and_o a_o very_a few_o escape_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o bridge_n and_o the_o way_n which_o shut_v in_o the_o multitude_n the_o town_n be_v sack_v and_o burn_v and_o give_v for_o a_o booty_n to_o the_o soldier_n he_o carry_v his_o army_n over_o the_o river_n loire_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o bituriges_n the_o first_o observation_n it_o be_v a_o know_v and_o a_o approve_a saying_n e_z malis_fw-la minimum_fw-la est_fw-la eligendum_fw-la of_o evil_n the_o least_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v but_o in_o a_o presentment_n of_o evil_n to_o be_v able_a to_o discern_v the_o difference_n and_o to_o choose_v the_o least_o hic_fw-la labour_n hoc_fw-la opus_fw-la here_o be_v all_o the_o skill_n and_o work_v vercingetorix_n besiege_v gergovia_n a_o stipendiary_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o hedui_n auvergne_n that_o of_o long_a time_n have_v serve_v the_o roman_a empire_n at_o such_o a_o time_n of_o the_o year_n as_o will_v not_o afford_v provision_n of_o victual_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o army_n but_o with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o inconvenience_n of_o carriage_n and_o convoy_n caesar_n be_v much_o perplex_v whether_o he_o shall_v forbear_v to_o succour_v the_o town_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n or_o undergo_v the_o hazard_n of_o long_a and_o tedious_a convoy_n a_o matter_n often_o fall_v into_o dispute_n although_o it_o be_v in_o other_o term_n whether_o honesty_n or_o honourable_a respect_n ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o private_a ease_n and_o particular_a commodity_n caesar_n have_v declare_v himself_o touch_v this_o point_n prefer_v the_o honour_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o the_o majesty_n of_o their_o empire_n and_o the_o reputation_n which_o they_o desire_v to_o hold_v touch_v assistance_n and_o protection_n of_o their_o friend_n before_o any_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o their_o army_n and_o not_o without_o good_a reason_n which_o may_v be_v draw_v as_o well_o from_o the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o from_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o duty_n of_o virtue_n and_o respect_n of_o honesty_n as_o the_o noble_a part_n of_o the_o mind_n do_v not_o only_o challenge_v the_o service_n of_o the_o inferior_a faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n but_o do_v also_o command_v the_o body_n and_o the_o casaulty_n thereof_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o be_v fit_v the_o excellency_n of_o their_o prerogative_n for_o otherwise_o virtue_n will_v find_v but_o bare_a attendance_n and_o may_v leave_v her_o sceptre_n for_o want_v of_o lawful_a authority_n and_o therefore_o caesar_n choose_v rather_o to_o adventure_v the_o army_n upon_o the_o casualty_n of_o hard_a provision_n then_o to_o blemish_v the_o roman_a name_n with_o the_o infamy_n of_o disloyalty_n which_o be_v less_o dangerous_a also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o where_o the_o bond_n be_v of_o value_n there_o the_o forfeiture_n be_v great_a and_o if_o that_o tie_n have_v be_v break_v and_o their_o opinion_n deceive_v touch_v the_o expectation_n of_o assistance_n and_o help_n all_o gallia_n may_v have_v have_v just_a cause_n of_o revolt_n and_o disclaim_v the_o roman_a government_n for_o non-protection_n to_o conclude_v then_o let_v no_o man_n deceive_v himself_o in_o the_o present_a benefit_n which_o private_a respect_n may_v bring_v upon_o the_o refusal_n of_o honest_a regard_n for_o the_o end_n will_v be_v a_o witness_n of_o the_o error_n and_o prove_v honesty_n to_o be_v best_a policy_n the_o second_o observation_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o some_o writer_n thing_n that_o caesar_n never_o undertake_v any_o action_n or_o at_o the_o least_o bring_v it_o not_o to_o trial_n but_o he_o first_o assure_v himself_o of_o these_o four_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v provision_n of_o victual_n as_o the_o very_a foundation_n of_o warlike_a expedition_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o treat_v in_o the_o first_o commentary_n the_o difficulty_n whereof_o make_v he_o so_o doubtful_a to_o undertake_v the_o relief_n of_o gergovia_n and_o doubtless_o whosoever_o go_v about_o any_o enterprise_n of_o war_n without_o certain_a mean_n of_o victual_n and_o provision_n must_v either_o carry_v a_o army_n of_o chameleon_n that_o may_v live_v by_o the_o air_n or_o intend_v nothing_o but_o to_o build_v castle_n in_o the_o air_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v be_v sure_a to_o find_v his_o enemy_n either_o in_o his_o bosom_n or_o as_o the_o proverb_n be_v in_o plutarch_n 〈◊〉_d to_o leap_v on_o his_o belly_n with_o both_o his_o foot_n the_o second_o thing_n be_v provision_n of_o all_o necessary_n which_o may_v be_v of_o use_n in_o that_o service_n wherewith_o he_o always_o so_o abound_v that_o there_o may_v rather_o want_v occasion_n to_o use_v they_o than_o he_o be_v want_v to_o answer_v occasion_n and_o these_o be_v the_o instrument_n whereby_o he_o make_v such_o admirable_a work_n such_o bridge_n such_o mount_n such_o trench_n such_o huge_a armada_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o sea-fight_n with_o the_o maritime_a city_n of_o gallia_n 3._o according_a to_o which_o his_o former_a custom_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o day_n be_v far_o spend_v before_o he_o come_v to_o genabum_n he_o command_v such_o thing_n to_o be_v sit_v and_o have_v in_o a_o readiness_n as_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o siege_n the_o next_o day_n the_o three_o thing_n be_v a_o army_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o old_a soldier_n who_o the_o roman_n call_v veteram_fw-la whereof_o he_o be_v likewise_o at_o this_o time_n provide_v for_o the_o two_o legion_n which_o be_v fresh_a and_o late_o inrole_v he_o leave_v at_o agendâ—cum_n with_o the_o carriage_n take_v only_o the_o old_a soldier_n for_o this_o service_n as_o know_v that_o in_o pugna_fw-la usum_fw-la amplius_fw-la prodesse_fw-la quam_fw-la vires_fw-la usefulness_n be_v more_o serviceable_a in_o war_n then_o number_n the_o four_o thing_n be_v the_o trial_n and_o experience_n of_o the_o enemy_n force_n which_o the_o former_a victory_n assure_v he_o to_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v always_o a_o rule_n in_o the_o roman_a discipline_n as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v â—_o by_o light_n and_o easy_a skirmish_n to_o acquaint_v the_o soldier_n with_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o enemy_n fight_v ne_o eos_fw-la novum_fw-la bellum_fw-la novus_fw-la hostess_fw-la terreret_fw-la lest_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o fight_n or_o enemy_n may_v affright_v they_o as_o lâ—vy_n say_v chap._n vi_o caesar_n take_v in_o noviodunum_n and_o beat_v the_o enemy_n come_v to_o rescue_v the_o town_n vercingetorix_n understanding_n of_o caesar_n come_n caesar_n leave_v the_o siege_n and_o go_v to_o meet_v he_o caesar_n resolve_v to_o take_v
novelty_n and_o contrariety_n of_o action_n continue_v the_o same_o unto_o these_o time_n in_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n notwithstanding_o the_o alteration_n of_o custom_n and_o people_n or_o what_o else_o so_o long_o a_o time_n have_v change_v which_o argue_v the_o unresistable_a power_n of_o celestial_a influence_n establish_v a_o uniformity_n of_o nature_n according_a as_o the_o site_n of_o the_o place_n lie_v capable_a of_o their_o powerful_a aspect_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o diversity_n in_o the_o temperature_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v difference_v by_o north_n and_o south_n be_v not_o without_o apparent_a cause_n attribute_v to_o their_o propinquity_n or_o distance_n from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o distinguish_v by_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o northern_a and_o southern_a climate_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o separate_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o by_o the_o dominion_n of_o their_o active_a quality_n but_o the_o reason_n why_o two_o nation_n which_o be_v both_o in_o the_o same_o climate_n and_o under_o the_o same_o parallel_n receive_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n by_o the_o same_o downfall_n and_o rebound_n of_o their_o beam_n be_v difference_v only_o by_o east_n and_o west_n be_v so_o much_o disunite_v in_o nature_n and_o so_o unlike_a in_o disposition_n be_v not_o so_o apparent_a whether_o it_o be_v as_o some_o have_v imagine_v forasmuch_o as_o the_o all-inclosing_a sphere_n which_o remain_v quiet_a and_o immovable_a above_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o first_o motor_n have_v his_o part_n diverse_o distinguish_v with_o variety_n of_o property_n which_o by_o continual_a reference_n and_o mutual_a aspect_n be_v imprint_v in_o the_o correspondent_a quarter_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o keep_v a_o perpetual_a residency_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o quality_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n and_o make_v also_o the_o variety_n of_o fashion_n in_o such_o part_n as_o otherwise_o be_v equal_a favourite_n of_o the_o heaven_n majesty_n by_o receive_v a_o equal_a measure_n of_o light_n heat_n and_o virtue_n or_o whether_o the_o say_v quarter_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o themselves_o diverse_o note_v with_o several_a quality_n which_o appropriate_a the_o selfsame_a influence_n to_o their_o particular_a nature_n and_o so_o alter_v it_o into_o many_o fashion_n or_o whether_o there_o be_v some_o other_o unknown_a cause_n i_o will_v leave_v every_o man_n to_o satisfy_v himself_o with_o that_o which_o seem_v most_o probable_a unto_o he_o and_o proceed_v to_o the_o discovery_n of_o this_o choleric_a passion_n wherein_o i_o will_v endeavour_v to_o show_v how_o impatiency_n sudden_a resolution_n and_o desire_v of_o novelty_n be_v natural_a adjunct_n of_o this_o humour_n and_o if_o caesar_n make_v use_v of_o this_o philosophy_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o that_o war_n let_v it_o not_o be_v think_v impertinent_a to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o general_n to_o enter_v into_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o learning_n wherein_o first_o i_o must_v lay_v for_o a_o maxim_n that_o which_o long_a experience_n have_v make_v authentical_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v either_o quick_a or_o slow_a according_a as_o the_o complexion_n be_v temper_v either_o with_o heat_n or_o cold_a for_o as_o the_o phlegmatical_a humour_n be_v of_o a_o moist_a cold_a and_o heavy_a nature_n beget_v weak_a and_o gross_a spirit_n and_o benumb_a the_o instrument_n with_o a_o liveless_a disability_n so_o be_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o internal_a faculty_n proceed_v likewise_o after_o a_o slow_a manner_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o instrument_n whereby_o it_o move_v and_o therefore_o man_n of_o this_o waterish_a constitution_n be_v no_o way_n apt_a to_o receive_v a_o impression_n nor_o to_o entertain_v any_o sensible_a apprehension_n unless_o it_o be_v beat_v into_o they_o with_o often_o and_o strong_a repetition_n and_o then_o also_o they_o proceed_v as_o slow_o in_o discourse_v of_o the_o consequence_n and_o linger_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o their_o resolution_n on_o the_o contrary_a part_n this_o flava_fw-la bilis_fw-la be_v of_o a_o hot_a pierce_a nature_n and_o resemble_v the_o active_a virtue_n of_o the_o fire_n do_v so_o purify_v the_o instrument_n of_o sense_n and_o quicken_v the_o spirit_n with_o the_o vivacity_n of_o motion_n that_o they_o take_v the_o first_o impression_n as_o perfect_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v oftentimes_o present_v unto_o they_o with_o many_o strong_a circumstance_n and_o thence_o it_o happen_v that_o inasmuch_o as_o the_o species_n be_v so_o ready_o receive_v and_o possess_v the_o apprehend_v faculty_n with_o such_o facility_n of_o entrance_n that_o it_o move_v the_o other_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n with_o as_o great_a efficacy_n at_o the_o first_o conception_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v bring_v in_o with_o troop_n of_o probability_n and_o strengthen_v with_o manifest_a argument_n of_o undoubted_a truth_n it_o follow_v therefore_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o subtle_a and_o fit_a disposition_n of_o the_o instrument_n which_o proceed_v from_o heat_n the_o chief_a quality_n in_o choler_n that_o the_o object_n be_v at_o the_o first_o moment_n so_o strong_o settle_v in_o the_o first_o receive_v faculty_n that_o the_o other_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n with_o as_o great_a speed_n manifest_v their_o office_n concern_v the_o apprehension_n and_o deliver_v a_o sentence_n answerable_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o first_o conception_n which_o make_v they_o so_o impatient_a of_o delay_n and_o so_o sudden_o to_o alter_v their_o former_a resolution_n not_o suffer_v the_o discursive_a power_n to_o examine_v the_o substance_n thereof_o by_o conference_n of_o circumstance_n nor_o to_o give_v judgement_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o our_o intellectual_a court_n it_o behove_v therefore_o every_o man_n in_o that_o unsteady_a disposition_n especial_o in_o matter_n of_o moment_n to_o be_v suspicious_a of_o his_o own_o credulity_n and_o not_o to_o give_v place_n to_o resolution_n before_o his_o judgement_n be_v inform_v by_o discourse_n of_o the_o strength_n or_o weakness_n of_o the_o conceive_a opinion_n but_o to_o leave_v these_o speculative_a meditation_n to_o philosopher_n of_o learned_a conceit_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o right_a use_n of_o passion_n be_v either_o true_a wisdom_n or_o come_v near_a to_o the_o same_o i_o will_v only_o touch_v in_o a_o word_n what_o degree_n of_o choler_n best_o befit_v a_o soldier_n or_o how_o it_o avail_v or_o disadvantage_v in_o matter_n of_o war_n and_o first_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v that_o there_o be_v almost_o no_o passion_n that_o do_v more_o eclipse_v the_o light_n of_o reason_n or_o soon_o corrupt_v the_o sincerity_n of_o a_o good_a judgement_n than_o this_o of_o anger_n which_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o motion_n that_o more_o please_v itself_o in_o his_o own_o action_n or_o follow_v they_o with_o great_a heat_n in_o the_o execution_n and_o if_o the_o truth_n chance_n to_o show_v itself_o and_o convince_v a_o false_a pretend_a cause_n as_o the_o author_n of_o that_o passion_n it_o oftentimes_o redouble_v the_o rage_n even_o against_o truth_n and_o innocency_n piso_n condemn_v a_o soldier_n for_o return_v from_o forage_v without_o his_o companion_n be_v persuade_v that_o he_o have_v slay_v he_o but_o at_o the_o instant_n of_o the_o execution_n the_o other_o that_o be_v miss_v return_v and_o with_o great_a joy_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n they_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o general_n think_v to_o have_v much_o gratify_v he_o with_o the_o manifestation_n of_o the_o truth_n but_o he_o through_o shame_n and_o despite_n be_v yet_o in_o the_o torture_n of_o his_o wrath_n redouble_v his_o anger_n and_o by_o a_o subtlety_n which_o his_o passion_n furnish_v he_o withal_o he_o make_v three_o culpable_a for_o that_o he_o find_v one_o innocent_a the_o first_o because_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n be_v pass_v against_o he_o and_o be_v not_o to_o be_v recall_v without_o the_o breach_n of_o law_n the_o second_o for_o that_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o companion_n and_o three_o the_o executioner_n for_o not_o obey_v his_o commandment_n concern_v matter_n of_o war_n as_o it_o consist_v of_o difference_v part_n so_o have_v choler_n divers_a effect_n in_o case_n of_o discourse_n and_o consultation_n whenas_o the_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n ought_v to_o be_v clear_a of_o all_o violent_a affection_n it_o great_o darken_v the_o understanding_n and_o trouble_v the_o sincerity_n of_o a_o good_a judgement_n as_o caesar_n note_v in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o senate_n concern_v catiline_n sallust_n and_o therefore_o a_o commander_n must_v by_o all_o mean_n endeavour_v to_o avoid_v even_o the_o least_o motion_n of_o so_o hurtful_a a_o passion_n and_o season_v his_o affection_n with_o that_o gravity_n and_o constancy_n of_o spirit_n that_o no_o turbulent_a disposition_n may_v either_o hinder_v his_o understanding_n or_o withhold_v his_o will_n from_o follow_v
flight_n yet_o have_v some_o thirty_o horse_n which_o comius_n of_o arras_n have_v carry_v with_o he_o at_o his_o come_n into_o brittany_n he_o imbattel_v his_o legion_n before_o his_o camp_n and_o so_o give_v they_o battle_n the_o enemy_n not_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v the_o assault_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n turn_v their_o back_n and_o flee_v the_o roman_n follow_v they_o as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v by_o run_v on_o foot_n and_o after_o a_o great_a slaughter_n with_o the_o burn_a of_o their_o town_n far_o and_o near_o they_o return_v to_o their_o camp_n the_o same_o day_n the_o britan_n send_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n who_o he_o command_v to_o double_v their_o number_n of_o hostage_n which_o he_o command_v to_o be_v carry_v into_o gallia_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o aequinoctium_n be_v at_o hand_n he_o think_v it_o not_o safe_a to_o put_v himself_o to_o the_o sea_n in_o winter_n with_o such_o weak_a ship_n and_o therefore_o have_v get_v a_o convenient_a time_n he_o hoist_a sail_n a_o little_a after_o midnight_n and_o bring_v all_o his_o ship_n safe_a unto_o the_o continent_n two_o of_o these_o ship_n of_o burden_n not_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v the_o same_o haven_n put_v in_o somewhat_o low_a into_o the_o land_n the_o soldier_n that_o be_v in_o they_o which_o be_v about_o three_o hundred_o be_v set_v on_o shore_n and_o march_v towards_o their_o camp_n the_o morini_n with_o who_o caesar_n at_o his_o go_v into_o brittany_n have_v make_v peace_n in_o hope_n of_o a_o booty_n first_o with_o a_o few_o of_o their_o man_n stand_v about_o they_o command_v they_o upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o lay_v down_o their_o weapon_n and_o as_o the_o roman_n by_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o orb_n begin_v to_o make_v defence_n at_o the_o noise_n and_o clamour_n among_o they_o there_o be_v sudden_o gather_v together_o about_o six_o thousand_o of_o the_o enemy_n which_o thing_n be_v know_v caesar_n send_v out_o all_o the_o horseman_n to_o relieve_v they_o in_o the_o meantime_n the_o roman_n sustain_v the_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o fight_v valiant_o about_o the_o space_n of_o four_o hour_n and_o receive_v themselves_o only_o some_o few_o wound_n they_o slay_v many_o of_o the_o enemy_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_a horseman_n come_v in_o sight_n the_o enemy_n cast_v away_o their_o weapon_n and_o flee_v and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o fall_v by_o the_o horseman_n observation_n of_o all_o the_o figure_n which_o the_o tactici_fw-la have_v choose_v to_o make_v use_n of_o in_o military_a affair_n the_o circle_n have_v ever_o be_v take_v for_o the_o fit_a to_o be_v apply_v in_o the_o defensive_a part_n as_o enclose_v with_o a_o equal_a circuit_n on_o all_o part_n whatsoever_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o circumference_n of_o that_o area_n and_o therefore_o geometry_n term_v a_o circumference_n a_o simple_a line_n forasmuch_o as_o if_o you_o alter_v the_o site_n of_o the_o part_n and_o transport_v one_o arch_n into_o the_o place_n of_o another_o the_o figure_n notwithstanding_o will_v remain_v the_o same_o because_o of_o the_o equal_a bend_n of_o the_o line_n throughout_o the_o whole_a circumference_n which_o property_n as_o it_o prove_v a_o uniformity_n of_o strength_n in_o the_o whole_a circuit_n so_o that_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n or_o this_o be_v the_o end_n this_o be_v front_n or_o this_o be_v flank_n so_o do_v that_o which_o euclid_n do_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o element_n concern_v the_o small_a affinity_n between_o a_o right_a line_n and_o a_o circle_n which_o be_v draw_v to_o touch_v the_o circumference_n do_v touch_v it_o but_o in_o a_o point_n only_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o this_o strength_n in_o regard_n of_o any_o other_o line_n by_o which_o it_o may_v be_v break_v which_o howsoever_o they_o seem_v as_o speculative_a quality_n conceive_v rather_o by_o intellectual_a discourse_n then_o manifest_v to_o sensible_a apprehension_n yet_o forasmuch_o as_o experience_n have_v prove_v the_o strength_n of_o this_o figure_n in_o a_o defensive_a part_n above_o any_o other_o manner_n of_o imbattel_v let_v we_o not_o neglect_v the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o natural_a property_n which_o discover_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o effect_n neither_o let_v we_o neglect_v this_o part_n of_o military_a knowledge_n be_v so_o strong_a a_o mean_n to_o maintain_v valour_n and_o the_o sinew_n of_o all_o our_o ability_n for_o order_v correspondent_a to_o circumstance_n be_v the_o whole_a strength_n and_o power_n of_o a_o army_n neither_o aught_o there_o any_o action_n in_o a_o wel-ordered_n discipline_n to_o be_v irregular_a or_o void_a of_o order_n and_o therefore_o the_o roman_n do_v neither_o eat_v nor_o sleep_v without_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o consul_n or_o chief_a commander_n otherwise_o their_o valour_n may_v rather_o have_v be_v term_v fury_n then_o virtue_n but_o when_o their_o courage_n be_v range_v with_o order_n and_o dispose_v according_a to_o the_o occurrence_n of_o the_o time_n it_o never_o fail_v as_o long_o as_o the_o say_a order_n continue_v perfect_a it_o appear_v therefore_o how_o important_a it_o be_v for_o a_o commander_n to_o look_v into_o the_o diversity_n of_o order_n for_o imbattel_v and_o to_o weigh_v the_o nature_n thereof_o that_o he_o may_v with_o knowledge_n apply_v they_o to_o the_o quality_n of_o any_o occasion_n the_o roman_n term_v this_o figure_n orbis_n which_o signify_v a_o round_a body_n both_o with_o a_o concave_n and_o a_o convex_a surface_n in_o resemblance_n whereof_o i_o understand_v this_o orb_n of_o man_n imbattel_v to_o be_v so_o name_v which_o may_v peradventure_o consist_v of_o five_o or_o more_o or_o few_o rank_n enclose_v one_o another_o after_o the_o nature_n of_o so_o many_o circle_n describe_v about_o one_o centre_n so_o that_o either_o the_o midst_n thereof_o remain_v void_a or_o otherwise_o contain_v such_o carriage_n and_o impediment_n as_o they_o have_v with_o they_o in_o their_o march_n this_o form_n of_o imbattel_v be_v never_o use_v but_o in_o great_a extremity_n for_o as_o it_o be_v the_o safe_a of_o all_o other_o so_o it_o give_v suspicion_n to_o the_o soldier_n of_o exceed_a danger_n which_o abate_v much_o of_o their_o heat_n in_o battle_n as_o will_n hereafter_o appear_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o caesar_n himself_o in_o the_o five_o commentary_n upon_o the_o occasion_n which_o happen_v unto_o sabinus_n and_o cotta_n chap._n xiiii_o the_o next_o day_n caesar_n send_v titus_n labienus_n a_o legate_n caesar_n with_o those_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o brittany_n against_o the_o revolt_a morini_n who_o have_v no_o place_n of_o refuge_n because_o their_o bog_n and_o fen_n be_v dry_v up_o where_o they_o have_v shelter_v themselves_o the_o year_n before_o they_o all_o fall_v under_o the_o power_n of_o his_o mercy_n q._n titurius_n and_o a._n cotta_n the_o legate_n who_o have_v lead_v the_o legion_n against_o the_o menapii_n after_o they_o have_v waste_v their_o field_n cut_v up_o their_o corn_n burn_v their_o house_n for_o the_o menapii_n be_v all_o hide_v in_o thick_a wood_n return_v to_o caesar_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o end_v caesar_n place_v the_o winter_v camp_n of_o all_o his_o legion_n among_o the_o belgae_n to_o which_o place_n two_o only_a of_o all_o the_o city_n in_o brittany_n send_v hostage_n unto_o he_o the_o rest_n neglect_v it_o these_o war_n be_v thus_o end_v upon_o the_o relation_n of_o caesar_n letter_n the_o senate_n decree_v a_o supplication_n for_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n observation_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o second_o commentary_n we_o read_v of_o a_o supplication_n grant_v by_o the_o senate_n for_o fifteen_o day_n which_o be_v never_o grant_v to_o any_o man_n before_o that_o time_n since_o the_o first_o building_n of_o the_o city_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o in_o this_o four_o year_n of_o the_o war_n in_o gallia_n it_o be_v augment_v from_o fifteen_o unto_o twenty_o day_n i_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o refer_v the_o handle_n thereof_o unto_o this_o place_n we_o be_v therefore_o to_o understand_v that_o whensoever_o a_o roman_a general_n have_v carry_v himself_o well_o in_o the_o war_n by_o gain_v a_o victory_n or_o enlarge_n the_o bound_n of_o their_o empire_n that_o then_o the_o senate_n do_v decree_v a_o supplication_n to_o the_o god_n in_o the_o name_n of_o that_o captain_n and_o this_o dignity_n be_v much_o seek_v after_o not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a honour_n that_o in_o their_o name_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o god_n shall_v be_v open_v and_o their_o victory_n acknowledge_v with_o the_o concourse_n and_o gratulation_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n but_o also_o because_o a_o supplication_n be_v common_o the_o forerunner_n of_o a_o triumph_n which_o be_v the_o great_a honour_n in_o the_o roman_a
the_o enemy_n be_v aware_a with_o a_o ship-engine_n and_o roler_n put_v under_o it_o they_o bring_v it_o so_o near_o a_o tower_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o it_o join_v to_o the_o wall_n thereof_o the_o townsman_n be_v upon_o a_o sudden_a appall_v thereat_o bring_v the_o great_a stone_n they_o can_v get_v and_o with_o lever_n tumble_v they_o down_o from_o the_o wall_n upon_o the_o mouse_n but_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o work_n dâ—d_v not_o shrink_v at_o the_o blow_n and_o whatsoever_o fall_v upon_o it_o slide_v down_o the_o slope_v of_o the_o roof_n which_o when_o they_o perceive_v they_o alter_v their_o purpose_n and_o get_v pot_n of_o rosin_n and_o pitch_n and_o set_v they_o on_o fire_n throw_v they_o dâ—wn_v upon_o the_o mouse_n which_o tumble_v down_o from_o the_o roof_n be_v remove_v away_o with_o long_a hook_n and_o pole_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o soldier_n that_o be_v within_o the_o mouse_n pull_v out_o the_o low_a stone_n that_o be_v in_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o tower_n this_o mouse_n or_o mantelet_n be_v defend_v by_o our_o man_n out_o of_o the_o brick_n tower_n with_o weapon_n and_o engine_n and_o by_o mean_n thereof_o the_o enemy_n be_v put_v from_o the_o wall_n &_o the_o turret_n so_o that_o they_o can_v not_o well_o defend_v the_o same_o many_o of_o the_o stone_n be_v sap_a out_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o tower_n part_v thereof_o sudden_o fall_v and_o the_o rest_n lean_v as_o though_o it_o will_v not_o stand_v long_o after_o observation_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o require_v the_o labour_n of_o a_o industrious_a pen_n to_o shadow_n out_o the_o effect_n of_o industry_n i_o will_v only_o produce_v the_o evidence_n of_o these_o work_n to_o show_v the_o power_n it_o have_v in_o humane_a action_n rather_o than_o by_o any_o maim_a or_o shallow_a discourse_n weaken_v the_o force_n of_o so_o great_a a_o engine_n wherein_o first_o it_o may_v be_v note_v how_o in_o â—â—ese_n and_o the_o like_o attempt_v endeavour_n one_o thing_n draw_v on_o another_o according_a as_o practice_n make_v overture_n to_o mastery_n for_o our_o understanding_n grow_v by_o degree_n have_v no_o intuitive_a faculty_n to_o discern_v perfection_n dies_fw-la but_o by_o little_a &_o little_o work_v out_o exactness_n make_v every_o morrow_n yesterday_n scholar_n as_o reason_n find_v mean_n of_o discourse_n from_o cause_n to_o effect_n or_o from_o effect_n to_o cause_n and_o so_o this_o tower_n gellius_n make_v at_o first_o but_o for_o a_o retreat_n of_o defence_n give_v occasion_n to_o let_v they_o see_v the_o like_a or_o better_a use_n thereof_o in_o the_o offensive_a part_n if_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o a_o height_n convenient_a for_o the_o same_o which_o they_o perform_v with_o as_o much_o art_n as_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n can_v use_v in_o such_o a_o work_n for_o have_v make_v the_o first_o story_n they_o then_o make_v the_o roof_n for_o the_o shelter_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o scrue_v it_o up_o by_o little_a and_o little_a they_o build_v the_o side_n have_v fence_v the_o open_a space_n with_o net_n for_o avoid_v of_o danger_n arm_v it_o with_o brick_n and_o clay_n against_o fire_n and_o with_o matteress_n against_o stone_n and_o weight_n and_o then_o again_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o make_n of_o that_o mantelet_n or_o musculum_n which_o give_v they_o passage_n to_o the_o wall_n build_v it_o with_o strong_a or_o rather_o strange_a timber_n of_o two_o footsquare_n frame_v so_o artificial_o with_o brace_n and_o ridge_n rafter_n and_o those_o so_o fit_v as_o neither_o fire_n water_n weapon_n nor_o weight_n can_v prevail_v against_o it_o and_o thus_o they_o labour_v to_o gain_v their_o own_o end_n and_o buy_v fortune_n with_o immeasurabe_n endeavour_n chap._n v._n the_o marseillian_o get_v a_o truce_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o break_v it_o deceitful_o the_o enemy_n be_v then_o much_o appall_v at_o the_o sudden_a ruin_n and_o fall_v of_o the_o tower_n câ—sar_n and_o great_o perplex_v at_o so_o unexpected_a a_o mischief_n and_o withal_o strike_v with_o a_o fear_n of_o the_o wrath_n and_o indignation_n of_o the_o god_n and_o of_o the_o sack_n and_o spoil_v of_o their_o city_n they_o come_v all_o unarmed_a thong_v out_o of_o the_o gate_n wear_v holy_a attire_n upon_o their_o head_n infulis_fw-la and_o stretch_v out_o their_o submissive_a hand_n to_o the_o legate_n and_o the_o army_n upon_o which_o novelty_n all_o hostility_n cease_v for_o the_o time_n and_o the_o soldier_n withdraw_a themselves_o from_o the_o assault_n be_v carry_v with_o a_o desire_n of_o hear_v and_o understand_v what_o will_v pass_v at_o that_o time_n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o legate_n and_o to_o the_o army_n they_o cast_v themselves_o all_o down_o at_o their_o foot_n pray_v and_o beseech_v that_o thing_n may_v be_v suspend_v until_o casar_n arrival_n they_o see_v plain_o that_o their_o town_n be_v already_o take_v their_o work_n be_v perfect_v their_o own_o tower_n demolish_v and_o therefore_o they_o desist_v from_o make_v any_o further_a defence_n there_o can_v be_v no_o let_v to_o hinder_v they_o from_o present_a spoil_n and_o sack_n if_o upon_o caesar_n arrival_n they_o shall_v refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o mandate_n they_o show_v further_o that_o if_o their_o tower_n be_v absolute_o overthrow_v the_o soldier_n can_v not_o be_v keep_v from_o enter_v the_o town_n in_o hope_n of_o pillage_n and_o will_v thereby_o bring_v it_o to_o a_o final_a destruction_n these_o and_o many_o the_o like_a thing_n be_v utter_v by_o they_o very_o move_o as_o man_n learned_a and_o eloquent_a with_o great_a lamentation_n and_o much_o weep_a whereby_o the_o legate_n move_v with_o commiseration_n withdraw_v the_o soldier_n from_o the_o fortification_n put_v off_o the_o assault_n and_o leave_v a_o small_a guard_n to_o keep_v the_o work_n a_o kind_n of_o truce_n be_v through_o pity_n and_o commiseration_n thus_o make_v and_o conclude_v caesar_n come_n be_v expect_v no_o weapon_n be_v cast_v either_o from_o the_o town-wall_n or_o from_o our_o side_n insomuch_o as_o every_o man_n leave_v off_o his_o care_n and_o diligence_n as_o though_o all_o have_v be_v end_v for_o caesar_n have_v by_o letter_n give_v straight_o charge_n to_o trebonius_n not_o to_o suffer_v the_o town_n to_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n lest_o the_o soldier_n move_v through_o their_o rebellion_n and_o contempt_n together_o with_o the_o long_a travel_n they_o have_v sustain_v â—hould_v put_v all_o above_o fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n to_o the_o sword_n which_o they_o threaten_v to_o do_v and_o be_v then_o hardly_o keep_v from_o break_v into_o the_o town_n take_v the_o matter_n very_o grievous_o that_o trebonius_n seem_v to_o hinder_v they_o from_o effect_v their_o purpose_n but_o the_o enemy_n be_v people_n without_o faith_n do_v only_o watch_v for_o time_n and_o opportunity_n to_o put_v in_o practice_n their_o fraud_n and_o deceit_n the_o first_o observation_n it_o be_v a_o say_n of_o a_o ancient_a writer_n animum_fw-la that_o as_o our_o attire_n do_v cover_v the_o body_n so_o it_o do_v uncover_v the_o nakedness_n of_o the_o mind_n whereupon_o it_o be_v that_o man_n have_v find_v mean_n to_o suit_n themselves_o upon_o occasion_n according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o their_o inward_a affection_n as_o they_o be_v either_o dilate_v with_o joy_n or_o contract_v with_o sorrow_n lift_v up_o with_o weal_n or_o humble_v with_o affliction_n and_o according_o these_o marseillian_o in_o token_n of_o their_o humility_n and_o submission_n come_v out_o wearing_z a_o attire_n here_o call_v infula_fw-la aeneid_n which_o servius_n describe_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o coif_n make_v after_o the_o form_n of_o a_o diadem_n with_o two_o pendant_n on_o each_o side_n call_v vittae_fw-la those_o which_o the_o roman_n use_v of_o this_o kind_n be_v fashion_v like_o a_o pyramid_n the_o point_n whereof_o do_v signify_v the_o air_n element_n ascend_v upward_o in_o such_o a_o point_a fashion_n and_o by_o the_o two_o pendant_n or_o band_n be_v denote_v the_o water_n and_o the_o earth_n they_o be_v make_v whole_o of_o wool_n as_o festus_n write_v infulae_fw-la sunt_fw-la filamenta_fw-la lanea_fw-la quibus_fw-la sacerdotes_fw-la hostâ—ae_fw-la &_o templa_fw-la velabantur_fw-la infulae_fw-la be_v certain_a ornament_n and_o tappet_n make_v of_o wool_n wherewith_o the_o priest_n use_v to_o be_v clad_v the_o sacrifice_n to_o be_v cover_v and_o the_o temple_n to_o be_v hang_v to_o show_v humbleness_n and_o simplicity_n whereof_o wool_n be_v a_o hieroglyphic_n for_o no_o kind_n of_o beast_n have_v more_o need_n of_o aid_n and_o succour_v then_o sheep_n and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v that_o all_o suppliants_n be_v attire_v with_o tress_n of_o wool_n or_o otherwise_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o the_o habit_n of_o the_o petitioner_n may_v call_v to_o remembrance_n the_o flexible_a disposition_n which_o be_v well-beseeming_a those_o that_o
of_o they_o go_v out_o far_o off_o to_o get_v wood_n and_o to_o seek_v forage_v other_o rising_z hastily_z have_v leave_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o luggage_n behind_o they_o and_o induce_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o the_o last_o night_n lodging_n leave_v their_o arm_n and_o go_v back_o to_o fetch_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v behind_o insomuch_o as_o caesar_n see_v they_o thus_o scatter_v as_o before_o he_o have_v conceive_v how_o it_o will_v fall_v out_o about_o high_a noon_n give_v warning_n to_o depart_v and_o so_o lead_v out_o his_o army_n and_o double_v that_o day_n journey_n he_o go_v from_o that_o place_n about_o eight_o mile_n which_o pompey_n can_v not_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o absence_n of_o his_o soldier_n the_o next_o day_n caesar_n have_v in_o like_a manner_n send_v his_o carriage_n before_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o night_n set_v forward_o himself_o about_o the_o four_o watch_n that_o if_o there_o be_v any_o sudden_a necessity_n of_o fight_v he_o may_v at_o all_o occasion_n be_v ready_a with_o the_o whole_a army_n the_o like_a he_o do_v the_o day_n follow_v by_o which_o it_o happen_v that_o in_o his_o passage_n over_o great_a river_n and_o by_o difficult_a and_o cumbersome_a way_n he_o receive_v no_o detriment_n or_o loss_n at_o all_o for_o pompey_n be_v stay_v the_o first_o day_n and_o afterward_o strive_v in_o vain_a make_v great_a journey_n and_o yet_o not_o overtake_v we_o the_o four_o day_n give_v over_o follow_v and_o betake_v himself_o to_o another_o resolution_n caesar_n as_o well_o for_o the_o accommodate_v of_o his_o wound_a man_n as_o also_o for_o pay_v the_o army_n re-assuring_a his_o ally_n and_o confederate_n and_o leave_v garrison_n in_o the_o town_n be_v necessary_o to_o go_v to_o apollonia_n but_o he_o give_v no_o long_a time_n for_o the_o dispatch_n of_o these_o thing_n than_o can_v be_v spare_v by_o he_o that_o make_v haste_n for_o fear_v lest_o domitius_n shall_v be_v engage_v by_o pompey_n arrival_n he_o desire_v to_o make_v towards_o he_o with_o all_o possible_a celerity_n his_o whole_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n insist_v upon_o these_o reason_n that_o if_o pompey_n do_v follow_v after_o he_o he_o shall_v by_o that_o mean_n draw_v he_o from_o the_o seaside_n and_o from_o such_o provision_n of_o war_n as_o he_o have_v store_v up_o at_o dyrrachium_fw-la and_o so_o shall_v compel_v he_o to_o undertake_v the_o war_n upon_o equal_a condition_n if_o he_o go_v over_o into_o italy_n have_v join_v his_o army_n with_o domitius_n he_o will_v go_v to_o succour_n italy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o illyricum_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v go_v about_o to_o besiege_v apollonia_n or_o oricum_n and_o so_o exclude_v he_o from_o all_o the_o sea-coast_n he_o will_v then_o besiege_v scipio_n and_o force_n pompey_n to_o relieve_v he_o and_o therefore_o have_v write_v and_o send_v to_o cn._n domitius_n what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v leave_v four_o cohort_n to_o keep_v apollonia_n one_o at_o lissus_n and_o three_o at_o oricum_n and_o dispose_v such_o as_o be_v weak_a through_o their_o wound_n in_o epirus_n and_o acarnania_n he_o set_v forward_o observation_n confecto_fw-la justo_fw-la itinere_fw-la ejus_fw-la dici_fw-la have_v march_v a_o full_a day_n march_v or_o go_v a_o just_a day_n journey_n say_v the_o story_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o inquire_v how_o far_o this_o just_a day_n journey_n extend_v 14._o lipsius_n say_v it_o be_v twenty_o four_o mile_n allege_v that_o of_o vegetius_n militari_fw-la gradu_fw-la say_v he_o viginti_fw-la millia_fw-la passuum_fw-la horis_fw-la quinque_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la aestivis_fw-la conficienda_fw-la 1_o pleno_fw-la autem_fw-la gradu_fw-la qui_fw-la citatior_fw-la est_fw-la totidem_fw-la horis_fw-la viginti_fw-la quatuor_fw-la a_o soldier_n march_n do_v usual_o rid_v 20_o mile_n in_o five_o summer_n hour_n and_o if_o they_o march_v with_o speed_n 24_o mile_n in_o the_o same_o time_n understanding_n justum_fw-la iter_fw-la a_o just_a journey_n to_o be_v so_o much_o as_o be_v measure_v militari_fw-la gradu_fw-la by_o a_o soldier_n march_n but_o he_o that_o know_v the_o march_v of_o a_o army_n shall_v easy_o perceive_v the_o impossibility_n of_o march_v ordinary_o twenty_o four_o mile_n a_o day_n beside_o this_o place_n do_v plain_o confute_v it_o for_o first_o he_o say_v that_o he_o make_v a_o just_a day_n journey_n &_o then_o again_o rise_v about_o noon_n double_v that_o day_n journey_n and_o go_v eight_o mile_n which_o show_v that_o their_o justum_fw-la iter_fw-la be_v about_o eight_o mile_n and_o so_o suit_v the_o slow_a conveyance_n of_o a_o army_n with_o more_o probability_n than_o that_o of_o lipsius_n chap._n xxvii_o pompey_n haste_v to_o scipio_n domitius_n hear_v of_o the_o overthrow_n pompey_n also_o conjecture_v at_o caesar_n purpose_n caesar_n think_v it_o requisite_a for_o he_o to_o hasten_v to_o scipio_n that_o he_o may_v succour_v he_o if_o caesar_n shall_v chance_v to_o intend_v that_o way_n but_o if_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o he_o will_v not_o depart_v from_o the_o seashore_n and_o corcyra_n as_o expect_v the_o legion_n and_o cavalry_n to_o come_v out_o of_o italy_n he_o will_v then_o attack_v domitius_n for_o these_o cause_n both_o of_o they_o make_v haste_n as_o well_o to_o assist_v their_o party_n as_o to_o surprise_v their_o enemy_n if_o occasion_n be_v offer_v but_o caesar_n have_v turn_v out_o of_o the_o way_n to_o go_v to_o apollonia_n whereas_o pompey_n have_v a_o ready_a way_n into_o macedonia_n by_o candavia_n to_o which_o there_o happen_v another_o inconvenience_n that_o domitius_n who_o for_o many_o day_n together_o have_v lodge_v hard_o by_o scipio_n camp_n be_v now_o depart_v from_o thence_o to_o make_v provision_n of_o corn_n unto_o heraclea_n sentica_fw-la which_o be_v subject_a to_o candavia_n as_o though_o fortune_n will_v have_v thrust_v he_o upon_o pompey_n this_o caesar_n be_v at_o that_o time_n ignorant_a of_o moreover_o pompey_n have_v write_v to_o all_o the_o state_n and_o province_n of_o the_o overthrow_n at_o dyrrachium_fw-la in_o far_o great_a term_n than_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v and_o have_v noise_v it_o abroad_o that_o caesar_n be_v beat_v have_v lose_v all_o his_o force_n and_o flee_v away_o which_o report_v make_v the_o wale_n very_o hard_a and_o dangerous_a to_o our_o man_n and_o draw_v many_o state_n from_o caesar_n party_n whereby_o it_o happen_v that_o many_o messenger_n be_v send_v both_o from_o caesar_n to_o domitius_n and_o from_o domitius_n to_o caesar_n be_v force_v to_o turn_v back_o again_o and_o can_v not_o pass_v howbeit_o some_o of_o the_o follower_n of_o roscillus_n and_o aegus_n who_o as_o be_v before_o show_v have_v flee_v unto_o pompey_n meet_v on_o the_o way_n with_o domitius_n discoverer_n whether_o it_o be_v out_o of_o their_o old_a acquaintance_n have_v live_v together_o in_o the_o war_n of_o gallia_n or_o otherwise_o out_o of_o vainglory_n relate_v all_o what_o have_v happen_v not_o omit_v caesar_n departure_n or_o pompey_n come_v whereof_o domitius_n be_v inform_v and_o be_v but_o scarce_o four_o hour_n before_o he_o do_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o enemy_n avoid_v a_o most_o imminent_a danger_n and_o meet_v with_o caesar_n at_o aeginium_n which_o be_v a_o town_n situate_a upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o thessalia_n observation_n joy_n be_v a_o open_n and_o dilate_v motion_n and_o oftentimes_o open_v the_o body_n so_o wide_o as_o it_o let_v out_o the_o soul_n which_o return_v not_o again_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o such_o exsultation_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n spread_v themselves_o further_o than_o be_v requisite_a pompey_n have_v victory_n in_o hope_n 9_o rather_o than_o in_o hand_n boast_v as_o though_o all_o be_v he_o not_o consider_v that_o the_o happiness_n or_o disaster_n of_o humane_a action_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o the_o particular_n rise_v in_o the_o course_n thereof_o which_o be_v variable_a and_o divers_a but_o according_a as_o the_o event_n shall_v censure_v it_o whereupon_o the_o russes_z have_v a_o say_n in_o such_o case_n that_o he_o that_o laugh_v afterward_o laugh_v then_o too_o as_o caesar_n do_v chap._n xxviii_o caesar_n sack_v gomphi_n in_o thessalia_n caesar_n have_v join_v both_o army_n together_o caesar_n come_v to_o gomphi_n which_o be_v the_o first_o town_n of_o thessalia_n by_o the_o way_n lead_v out_o of_o epirus_n these_o people_n a_o few_o day_n before_o have_v of_o their_o own_o accord_n send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n offer_v all_o their_o mean_n and_o ability_n to_o be_v dispose_v at_o his_o pleasure_n require_v also_o a_o garrison_n of_o soldier_n from_o he_o but_o now_o they_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o overthrow_n at_o dyrrachiuml_n which_o be_v make_v so_o great_a and_o so_o prevail_v with_o they_o that_o androsthenes_n praetor_n of_o thessalia_n choose_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o partaker_n of_o pompey_n victory_n than_o a_o companion_n
begin_v and_o end_v both_o in_o a_o summer_n the_o first_o between_z caesar_z and_o the_o helvetii_n suitzer_n the_o second_o between_o he_o and_o arâ—ovistus_n king_n of_o the_o german_n the_o history_n of_o the_o helvetian_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o three_o principal_a head_n under_o the_o first_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o move_v the_o helvetian_o to_o entertain_v so_o desperate_a a_o expedition_n and_o the_o preparation_n which_o they_o make_v for_o the_o same_o the_o second_o contain_v their_o defeat_n by_o caesar_n and_o the_o three_o their_o return_n into_o their_o country_n that_o of_o ariovistus_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o give_v the_o cause_n that_o induce_v caesar_n to_o undertake_v that_o war_n the_o second_o intreat_v of_o the_o war_n itself_o and_o particular_o describe_v ariovistus_n overthrow_n chap._n i._n gallia_n describe_v the_o helvetian_o dislike_v their_o native_a seat_n and_o propound_v to_o themselves_o large_a territory_n in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n orgetorix_n see_v this_o humour_n for_o his_o own_o advantage_n gallia_n be_v all_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n whereof_o the_o belge_v do_v inhabit_v one_o the_o aquitane_n another_o and_o those_o which_o they_o call_v celtes_n and_o we_o gall_n a_o three_o all_o these_o do_v differ_v each_o from_o other_o in_o manner_n language_n and_o in_o law_n â—he_v river_n garun_n do_v separate_v the_o gall_n from_o the_o aquitan_n and_o marne_n and_o seine_n do_v bind_v they_o from_o the_o belge_v mâ—tronâ—_n of_o these_o the_o belge_v be_v most_o warlike_a sâ—quara_n as_o further_a off_o the_o civility_n and_o politure_n of_o the_o province_n and_o less_o frequent_v with_o merchant_n or_o acquaint_v with_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v by_o they_o import_v to_o effeminate_a man_n mind_n as_o likewise_o be_v site_v next_o to_o the_o german_n beyond_o the_o rhine_n with_o who_o they_o have_v continual_a war_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o the_o helvetian_o do_v excel_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o gall_n in_o deed_n of_o arm_n be_v in_o daily_a conflict_n with_o the_o german_n for_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o territory_n or_o by_o invade_v they_o the_o part_n inhabit_v by_o the_o gall_n begin_v at_o the_o river_n rhone_n and_o be_v bound_v with_o garun_n the_o ocean_n and_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o belge_v and_o reach_v also_o to_o the_o rhine_n as_o a_o limit_v from_o the_o sequans_n and_o helvetian_o it_o stretch_v northward_o the_o belge_v take_v their_o beginning_n at_o the_o extreme_a confine_n of_o gallia_n and_o inhabit_v the_o country_n which_o lie_v along_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o rhine_n trindle_v to_o the_o north_n and_o to_o the_o east_n aquitania_n spread_v itself_o between_o the_o river_n garun_n and_o the_o pyrenean_n hill_n and_o but_v upon_o the_o spanish_a ocean_n between_o the_o west_n and_o the_o north._n among_o the_o helvetian_o orgetorix_n do_v far_o exceed_v all_o other_o both_o for_o noble_a descent_n and_o store_n of_o treasure_n and_o when_o m._n messala_n and_o m._n piso_n be_v consul_n be_v stir_v up_o with_o the_o desire_n of_o a_o kingdom_n he_o move_v the_o nobility_n to_o a_o commotion_n persuade_v the_o state_n to_o go_v out_o of_o their_o confine_n with_o their_o whole_a power_n as_o a_o easy_a matter_n for_o they_o that_o excel_v all_o other_o in_o valour_n and_o prowess_n to_o seize_v upon_o the_o empire_n of_o all_o gallia_n to_o which_o he_o do_v the_o rather_o persuade_v they_o for_o that_o the_o helvetian_o be_v on_o every_o side_n shut_v up_o by_o the_o strength_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o dwell_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o river_n rhine_n which_o divide_v their_o country_n from_o the_o german_n on_o the_o other_o side_n with_o the_o high_a ridge_n of_o the_o hill_n jura_n which_o run_v between_o they_o and_o the_o sequans_n &_o on_o the_o three_o part_n they_o be_v flank_v with_o the_o lake_n â—_o lemanus_n and_o the_o river_n rhone_n part_v their_o territory_n from_o our_o province_n hence_o it_o happen_v that_o be_v thus_o straighten_v they_o can_v not_o easy_o enlarge_v themselves_o or_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o border_a country_n and_o thereupon_o be_v man_n whole_o bend_v to_o arm_n and_o war_n be_v much_o grieve_v as_o have_v too_o little_a elbow-room_n for_o their_o multitude_n of_o people_n and_o the_o renown_n they_o have_v get_v of_o their_o valour_n their_o whole_a country_n contain_v but_o 240_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o 180_o in_o breadth_n spur_v on_o with_o these_o inducement_n and_o move_v special_o with_o the_o authority_n of_o orgetorix_n they_o resolve_v to_o make_v provision_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o their_o expedition_n buy_v great_a number_n of_o car_n &_o horse_n for_o carriage_n sow_v much_o tillage_n that_o they_o may_v have_v plenty_n of_o corn_n in_o their_o journey_n make_v peace_n and_o amity_n with_o the_o confine_a country_n 〈◊〉_d for_o the_o perfect_a and_o supply_v of_o which_o thing_n they_o take_v two_o year_n to_o be_v sufficient_a and_o in_o the_o three_o enact_v their_o set_n forward_o by_o a_o solemn_a law_n assign_v orgetorix_n to_o give_v order_n for_o that_o which_o remain_v the_o first_o observation_n he_o that_o will_v examine_v this_o expedition_n of_o the_o helvetian_o by_o the_o transmigration_n and_o flitting_n of_o other_o nation_n shall_v find_v some_o unexampled_a particularity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o their_o proceed_n for_o first_o it_o have_v never_o be_v hear_v that_o any_o people_n utter_o abandon_v that_o country_n which_o nature_n or_o providence_n have_v allot_v they_o unless_o they_o be_v drive_v thereunto_o by_o a_o general_a calamity_n as_o the_o infection_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cruelty_n and_o oppression_n of_o a_o neighbour_n nation_n as_o be_v the_o suevian_o who_o think_v it_o great_a honour_n to_o suffer_v no_o man_n to_o border_n upon_o their_o confine_n or_o some_o other_o universal_a which_o make_v the_o place_n inhabitable_a and_o the_o people_n willing_a to_o undertake_v a_o voluntary_a exile_n but_o oftentimes_o we_o read_v that_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o country_n be_v so_o multiply_v that_o the_o place_n be_v overcharge_v with_o multitude_n of_o offspring_n and_o like_o a_o poor_a father_n have_v more_o child_n than_o it_o be_v able_a to_o sustain_v the_o abound_a surplus_n be_v send_v out_o to_o seek_v new_a fortune_n in_o foreign_a country_n and_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o a_o rest_a seat_n which_o may_v recompense_v the_o want_n of_o their_o native_a country_n with_o a_o plenteous_a revenue_n of_o necessary_a supplement_n and_o in_o this_o sort_n we_o read_v that_o rome_n send_v out_o many_o colony_n into_o divers_a part_n of_o her_o empire_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o ancient_a gall_n disourden_v themselves_o of_o their_o superfluity_n and_o send_v they_o into_o asia_n the_o goth_n come_v from_o the_o island_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o in_o silvius_n his_o time_n swarm_v over_o germany_n beside_o many_o other_o nation_n who_o transmigration_n be_v particular_o describe_v by_o lazius_n but_o among_o all_o these_o we_o find_v none_o that_o so_o forsake_v their_o country_n but_o there_o remain_v some_o behind_o to_o inhabit_v the_o same_o from_o whence_o as_o from_o a_o fountain_n succeed_a age_n may_v derive_v the_o stream_n of_o that_o overflow_a multitude_n and_o by_o they_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o cause_n which_o move_v they_o unto_o it_o for_o their_o manner_n be_v in_o all_o such_o expedition_n and_o send_v out_o of_o colony_n to_o divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o or_o three_o part_n equal_a both_o in_o equality_n and_o number_n for_o after_o they_o have_v part_v their_o common_a people_n into_o even_a company_n they_o divide_v their_o nobility_n with_o as_o great_a equality_n as_o they_o can_v among_o the_o former_a partition_n and_o then_o cast_v lot_n that_o part_n which_o go_v out_o to_o seek_v new_a adventure_n leave_v their_o land_n and_o possession_n to_o the_o rest_n that_o remain_v at_o home_n and_o so_o by_o industry_n they_o supply_v that_o defect_n which_o continuance_n of_o time_n have_v draw_v upon_o they_o and_o this_o be_v the_o mean_n which_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n find_v out_o after_o the_o flood_n to_o people_n the_o uninhabited_a place_n and_o to_o keep_v oft_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o scarcity_n and_o famine_n the_o second_o observation_n he_o that_o will_v prognosticate_v by_o the_o course_n of_o these_o several_a proceed_n whether_o of_o the_o two_o betoken_v better_a success_n have_v great_a reason_n to_o foretell_v happiness_n to_o these_o which_o i_o last_o speak_v of_o then_o to_o the_o helvetian_o unless_o their_o valour_n be_v the_o great_a and_o quit_v all_o difficulty_n which_o hatred_n and_o envy_n will_v cast_v upon_o they_o for_o a_o action_n which_o savour_v of_o necessity_n
therefore_o it_o be_v call_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la or_o a_o square_a march_n inasmuch_o as_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o disposition_n of_o part_n as_o be_v observe_v in_o quadrata_fw-la acie_n in_o a_o square_a body_n for_o that_o triple_a form_n of_o embattle_v which_o the_o roman_n general_o observe_v in_o their_o fight_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o distance_n between_o each_o battle_n contain_v almost_o a_o equal_a dimension_n of_o front_n and_o file_v and_o so_o it_o make_v aciem_fw-la quadratam_fw-la a_o square_a body_n and_o when_o it_o march_v agmen_fw-la quadratum_fw-la a_o square_a march_n polybius_n express_v the_o same_o in_o effect_n 6._o as_o often_o as_o the_o place_n require_v circumspection_n but_o alter_v it_o somewhat_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o carriage_n for_o he_o say_v that_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o where_o the_o country_n be_v plain_a and_o champain_n and_o give_v space_n and_o free_a scope_n to_o clear_v themselves_o upon_o any_o accident_n the_o roman_n march_v in_o a_o triple_a battle_n of_o equal_a distance_n one_o behind_o another_o every_o battle_n have_v his_o several_a carriage_n in_o front_n and_o if_o they_o be_v by_o chance_n attack_v by_o a_o enemy_n they_o turn_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o opportunity_n of_o the_o place_n either_o to_o the_o right_n of_o left_a hand_n and_o so_o place_v their_o carriage_n on_o the_o one_o side_n of_o their_o army_n they_o stand_v imbattel_v ready_a to_o receive_v the_o charge_n the_o contrary_a form_n of_o march_v where_o the_o place_n afford_v more_o security_n and_o give_v scope_n to_o conveniency_n longum_fw-la they_o name_v agmen_fw-la longum_fw-la a_o long_a march_n or_o train_n when_o almost_o every_o maniple_n or_o order_n have_v their_o several_a carriage_n attend_v upon_o they_o and_o strive_v to_o keep_v that_o way_n which_o they_o find_v most_o easy_a both_o for_o themselves_o and_o their_o impediment_n which_o order_n of_o march_n as_o it_o be_v more_o commodious_a than_o the_o former_a in_o regard_n of_o particularity_n so_o be_v it_o unsafe_a and_o dangerous_a where_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v gall._n and_o therefore_o caesar_n much_o blame_v sabinus_n and_o cotta_n for_o march_v when_o they_o be_v delude_v by_o ambiorix_n longissimo_fw-la agmine_fw-la in_o a_o very_a long_a train_n as_o though_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o advertisement_n from_o a_o friend_n and_o not_o from_o a_o enemy_n and_o albeit_o our_o modern_a war_n be_v far_o different_a in_o quality_n from_o they_o of_o ancient_a time_n war_n yet_o in_o this_o point_n of_o discipline_n they_o can_v have_v a_o more_o perfect_a direction_n then_o that_o which_o the_o roman_n observe_v as_o the_o two_o pole_n of_o their_o motion_n safety_n and_o conveniency_n whereof_o the_o first_o depend_v chief_o upon_o the_o provident_a disposition_n of_o the_o leader_n and_o the_o other_o will_v easy_o follow_v on_o as_o the_o commodity_n of_o every_o particular_a shall_v give_v occasion_n concern_v safety_n in_o place_n of_o danger_n what_o better_a course_n can_v be_v take_v then_o that_o manner_n of_o imbattel_v which_o shall_v be_v think_v most_o convenient_a if_o a_o enemy_n be_v present_a to_o confront_v they_o for_o a_o well-ordered_a march_n must_v either_o carry_v the_o perfect_a form_n of_o a_o battle_n or_o contain_v the_o distinct_a principle_n and_o element_n thereof_o that_o with_o little_a alteration_n it_o may_v receive_v that_o perfection_n of_o strength_n which_o the_o fit_a disposition_n can_v afford_v it_o first_o therefore_o a_o prudent_a and_o circumspect_a leader_n that_o desire_v to_o frame_v a_o strong_a and_o orderly_o march_v be_v diligent_o to_o observe_v the_o nature_n and_o use_n of_o each_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o may_v be_v place_v for_o great_a use_n and_o advantage_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o different_a and_o concur_v quality_n as_o also_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o be_v manage_v and_o this_o knowledge_n will_v consequent_o infer_v the_o best_a and_o exact_a disposition_n of_o imbattel_v as_o the_o say_a force_n be_v capable_a of_o which_o if_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o a_o march_n be_v no_o way_n to_o be_v alter_v but_o if_o this_o exactness_n of_o imbattel_v will_v not_o admit_v convenient_a carriage_n of_o such_o necessary_a adjunct_n as_o pertain_v to_o a_o army_n the_o inconvenience_n be_v to_o be_v relieve_v with_o as_o little_a alteration_n from_o that_o rule_n as_o in_o a_o wary_a judgement_n shall_v be_v find_v expedient_a that_o albeit_o the_o form_n be_v somewhat_o change_v yet_o the_o principle_n and_o ground_n wherein_o their_o strength_n and_o safety_n consist_v may_v still_o be_v retain_v neither_o can_v any_o man_n well_o descend_v to_o more_o particular_a precept_n in_o this_o point_n he_o may_v exemplify_v the_o practice_n of_o many_o great_a and_o experience_a commander_n what_o sort_n of_o weapon_n march_v in_o front_n and_o what_o in_o the_o rearward_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o army_n the_o munition_n march_v and_o where_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o carriage_n be_v bestow_v according_a as_o their_o several_a judgement_n think_v most_o expedient_a in_o the_o particular_a nature_n of_o their_o occurrence_n but_o the_o issue_n of_o all_o will_v fall_v out_o thus_o that_o he_o that_o observe_v this_o rule_n before_o prescribe_v do_v seldom_o miscarry_v through_o a_o unsafe_a march_n let_v a_o good_a martia_n list_v well_o know_v their_o proper_a use_n in_o that_o diversity_n of_o weapon_n in_o his_o army_n how_o they_o be_v serviceable_a or_o disadvantageous_a in_o this_o or_o that_o place_n against_o such_o or_o such_o a_o enemy_n and_o he_o will_v speedy_o order_v his_o battle_n dispose_v of_o his_o march_n and_o bestow_v his_o carriage_n as_o shall_v best_o fall_v out_o both_o for_o his_o safety_n and_o conveniency_n caesar_n custom_n be_v to_o send_v his_o cavalry_n and_o light-armed_n footman_n before_o the_o body_n of_o his_o army_n both_o to_o discover_v and_o impeach_v a_o enemy_n for_o these_o troop_n be_v nimble_a in_o motion_n and_o fit_a for_o such_o service_n but_o if_o the_o danger_n be_v great_a in_o the_o rearward_n then_o in_o the_o front_n the_o horseman_n march_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o army_n and_o give_v security_n where_o there_o be_v most_o cause_n of_o fear_n but_o if_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o be_v find_v unfit_a to_o make_v good_a the_o service_n in_o that_o place_n as_o oftentimes_o it_o fall_v out_o and_o especial_o in_o africa_n against_o the_o numidian_n he_o than_o remove_v they_o as_o he_o best_o find_v it_o convenient_a and_o bring_v his_o legionary_a soldier_n which_o be_v the_o sinew_n and_o strength_n of_o his_o force_n and_o march_v continual_o in_o the_o bulk_n of_o the_o army_n to_o make_v good_a that_o which_o his_o horseman_n can_v not_o perform_v and_o thus_o he_o alter_v the_o antique_a prescription_n and_o uniformity_n of_o custom_n according_a as_o he_o find_v himself_o best_a able_a to_o disadvantage_n a_o enemy_n or_o make_v way_n to_o victory_n chap._n ix_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o nervii_n caesar_n make_v haste_n to_o prepare_v his_o force_n to_o battle_n the_o roman_a horseman_n caesar_n with_o the_o slinger_n and_o archer_n pass_v over_o the_o river_n and_o encounter_v the_o cavalry_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o at_o first_o retire_v back_o to_o their_o company_n in_o the_o wood_n and_o from_o thence_o sally_v out_o again_o upon_o they_o but_o the_o roman_n dare_v not_o pursue_v they_o further_o than_o the_o plain_a and_o open_a ground_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o six_o legion_n that_o be_v in_o front_n have_v their_o work_n measure_v out_o unto_o they_o begin_v to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o neâ—vii_n perceive_v their_o former_a carriage_n to_o be_v come_v in_o sight_n which_o be_v the_o time_n appoint_v among_o they_o to_o give_v the_o charge_n as_o they_o stand_v imbattel_v within_o the_o thicket_n so_o they_o rush_v out_o with_o all_o their_o force_n and_o assault_v the_o roman_a horseman_n which_o be_v easy_o beat_v back_o the_o nervii_n run_v down_o to_o the_o river_n with_o such_o a_o incredible_a swiftness_n that_o they_o seem_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n of_o time_n to_o be_v in_o the_o wood_n at_o the_o river_n and_o charge_v the_o legion_n on_o the_o other_o side_n for_o with_o the_o same_o violence_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n they_o run_v up_o the_o hill_n to_o the_o roman_a camp_n where_o the_o soldier_n be_v busy_v in_o their_o entrenchment_n caesar_n have_v all_o part_n to_o play_v at_o one_o instant_a the_o flag_n to_o be_v hang_v out_o by_o which_o they_o give_v the_o soldier_n warning_n to_o take_v arm_n the_o battle_n to_o be_v proclaim_v by_o sound_n of_o trumpet_n the_o soldier_n to_o be_v recall_v from_o their_o work_n and_o such_o as_o be_v go_v far_o
and_o all_o that_o they_o have_v to_o caesar_n mercy_n desire_v one_o thing_n of_o he_o earnest_o which_o be_v that_o if_o his_o goodness_n and_o clemency_n which_o they_o have_v hear_v so_o high_a praise_n of_o have_v determine_v to_o save_v their_o life_n he_o will_v not_o take_v away_o their_o arm_n from_o they_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o their_o neighbour_n be_v enemy_n unto_o they_o and_o envy_v at_o their_o valour_n neither_o be_v they_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o if_o they_o shall_v deliver_v up_o their_o armour_n so_o that_o they_o have_v rather_o suffer_v any_o inconvenience_n by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n then_o to_o be_v butcherly_a murder_v by_o they_o who_o in_o former_a time_n they_o have_v hold_v subject_a to_o their_o command_n to_o this_o caesar_n answer_v that_o he_o will_v save_v the_o city_n rather_o of_o his_o own_o custom_n then_o for_o any_o desert_n of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o yield_v before_o the_o ram_n touch_v the_o wall_n but_o no_o condition_n of_o remedy_n shall_v be_v accept_v without_o present_a delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n for_o he_o will_v do_v by_o they_o as_o he_o have_v do_v by_o the_o nervii_n and_o give_v commandment_n to_o their_o neighbour_n that_o they_o shall_v offer_v no_o wrong_n to_o such_o as_o have_v commend_v their_o safety_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n this_o answer_n be_v return_v to_o the_o city_n they_o seem_v content_v to_o do_v whatsoever_o he_o command_v they_o and_o thereupon_o cast_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o armour_n over_o the_o wall_n into_o the_o ditch_n insomuch_o as_o they_o fill_v it_o almost_o to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rampire_n and_o yet_o as_o afterward_o be_v know_v conceal_v the_o three_o part_n they_o set_v open_v the_o gate_n and_o for_o that_o day_n carry_v themselves_o peaceable_o towards_o night_n caesar_n command_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v and_o the_o soldier_n to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o town_n lest_o in_o the_o night_n the_o townsman_n shall_v be_v any_o way_n injure_v by_o they_o but_o the_o aduatici_n have_v consult_v together_o before_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o believe_v that_o upon_o their_o submission_n the_o roman_n will_v either_o set_v no_o watch_n at_o all_o or_o at_o the_o least_o keep_v it_o very_o careless_o partly_o with_o such_o armour_n as_o they_o have_v retain_v and_o partly_o with_o target_n make_v of_o bark_n or_o wrought_v of_o wicker_n which_o upon_o the_o sudden_a they_o have_v cover_v over_o with_o leather_n about_o the_o three_o watch_n where_o the_o ascent_n to_o our_o fortification_n be_v easy_a they_o issue_v sudden_o out_o of_o the_o town_n with_o all_o their_o power_n but_o signification_n thereof_o be_v present_o give_v by_o fire_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v the_o roman_n haste_v speedy_o to_o that_o place_n the_o enemy_n fight_v very_o desperate_o as_o man_n in_o the_o last_o hope_n of_o their_o welfare_n incounter_v the_o roman_n in_o a_o place_n of_o disadvantage_n all_o their_o hope_n now_o lie_v upon_o their_o valour_n at_o length_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o four_o thousand_o the_o rest_n be_v drive_v back_o into_o the_o town_n the_o next_o day_n when_o caesar_n come_v to_o break_v open_a the_o gate_n and_o find_v no_o man_n at_o defence_n he_o send_v in_o the_o soldier_n and_o sell_v all_o the_o people_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o town_n the_o number_n of_o person_n in_o the_o town_n amount_v to_o fifty_o three_o thousand_o bondslave_n the_o first_o observation_n in_o the_o surprise_n attempt_v by_o the_o belgae_n upon_o bibract_n i_o set_v down_o the_o manner_n which_o both_o the_o gall_n and_o the_o roman_n use_v in_o their_o sudden_a surprise_v of_o a_o town_n whereof_o if_o they_o fail_v the_o place_n import_v any_o advantage_n in_o the_o course_n of_o war_n they_o then_o prepare_v for_o the_o siege_n in_o that_o manner_n as_o caesar_n have_v describe_v in_o this_o place_n they_o environ_v the_o town_n about_o with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n circumvallatio_n and_o fortify_v the_o say_a rampire_n with_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n erect_v in_o a_o convenient_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o and_o so_o they_o keep_v the_o town_n from_o any_o foreign_a succour_n or_o relief_n and_o withal_o secure_v themselves_o from_o sally_n or_o other_o stratagem_n which_o the_o townsman_n may_v practise_v against_o they_o and_o this_o manner_n of_o siege_n be_v call_v circumvallatio_fw-la commentary_n the_o particular_a description_n whereof_o i_o refer_v unto_o the_o history_n of_o alesia_n where_o i_o will_v handle_v it_o according_a to_o the_o particular_n there_o set_v down_o by_o caesar_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o ram_n ram._n which_o caesar_n here_o mention_v be_v of_o great_a note_n among_o all_o the_o roman_a engine_n and_o hold_v that_o place_n which_o the_o canon_n have_v in_o our_o war_n vitruvius_n do_v attribute_v the_o invention_n thereof_o to_o the_o carthaginian_n who_o at_o the_o take_n of_o cadiz_n cales_n want_v a_o fit_a instrument_n to_o raze_v and_o overthrow_v a_o castle_n they_o take_v a_o long_a beam_n or_o timber-tree_n and_o bear_v it_o upon_o their_o arm_n and_o shoulder_n with_o the_o one_o end_n thereof_o they_o first_o break_v down_o the_o uppermost_a rank_n of_o stone_n and_o so_o descend_v by_o degree_n they_o overthrow_v the_o whole_a tower_n the_o roman_n have_v two_o sort_n of_o ram_n the_o one_o be_v rude_a and_o plain_a the_o other_o artificial_a and_o compound_v simplex_fw-la the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o the_o carthaginian_n use_v at_o cadiz_n and_o be_v portray_v in_o the_o column_n of_o traâ—an_n at_o rome_n the_o compound_a ram_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o josephus_n composita_fw-la a_o ram_n say_v he_o be_v a_o mighty_a great_a beam_n like_v unto_o the_o mast_n of_o a_o ship_n and_o be_v strengthen_v at_o one_o end_n with_o a_o head_n of_o iron_n fashion_v like_o unto_o a_o ram_n and_o thereof_o it_o take_v the_o name_n this_o ram_n be_v hang_v by_o the_o midst_n with_o rope_n unto_o another_o beam_n which_o lie_v cross_v a_o couple_n of_o pillar_n and_o hang_v thus_o equal_o balance_v it_o be_v by_o force_n of_o man_n thrust_v forwar_n and_o recoil_v backward_o and_o so_o beat_v upon_o the_o wall_n with_o his_o iron_n head_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o tower_n so_o strong_a or_o wall_n so_o broad_a that_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v before_o it_o the_o length_n of_o this_o ram_n be_v of_o a_o large_a scantling_n for_o plutarch_n affirm_v that_o antony_n in_o the_o parthian_a war_n have_v a_o ram_n fourscore_o foot_n long_o and_o vitruvius_n say_v that_o the_o length_n of_o a_o ram_n be_v usual_o one_o hundred_o and_o six_o and_o sometime_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o and_o this_o length_n give_v great_a strength_n and_o force_n to_o the_o engine_n it_o be_v manage_v at_o one_o time_n with_o a_o whole_a century_n or_o order_n of_o soldier_n and_o their_o force_n be_v spend_v they_o be_v second_v with_o another_o century_n and_o so_o the_o ram_n play_v continual_o upon_o the_o wall_n without_o intermission_n josephus_n say_v that_o titus_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o jerusalem_n have_v a_o ram_n for_o every_o legion_n it_o be_v oftentimes_o cover_v with_o a_o vine_n that_o the_o man_n that_o manage_v it_o may_v be_v in_o more_o safety_n it_o appear_v by_o this_o place_n that_o if_o a_o town_n have_v continue_v out_o until_o the_o ram_n have_v touch_v the_o wall_n they_o can_v not_o presume_v of_o any_o acceptation_n of_o rendry_a forasmuch_o as_o by_o their_o obstinacy_n they_o have_v bring_v in_o peril_n the_o life_n of_o their_o enemy_n and_o be_v subdue_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n which_o afford_v such_o mercy_n as_o the_o victor_n please_v the_o three_o observation_n the_o aduatici_n as_o it_o seem_v be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o small_a security_n which_o one_o state_n can_v give_v unto_o another_o that_o commend_v their_o safety_n to_o be_v protect_v by_o it_o for_o as_o architas_n the_o pythagorean_n say_v a_o body_n a_o family_n and_o a_o army_n be_v then_o well_o govern_v when_o they_o contain_v within_o themselves_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o safety_n so_o we_o must_v not_o look_v for_o any_o security_n in_o a_o state_n when_o their_o safety_n depend_v upon_o a_o foreign_a protection_n for_o the_o old_a say_n be_v that_o neque_fw-la murus_fw-la neque_fw-la amicus_fw-la quisquam_fw-la teget_fw-la quem_fw-la propria_fw-la arma_fw-la non_fw-la texere_fw-la neither_o wall_n nor_o friend_n will_v save_v he_o who_o his_o own_o weapon_n do_v not_o defend_v although_o in_o this_o case_n the_o matter_n be_v well_o qualify_v by_o the_o majesty_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o late_a victory_n in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n whereof_o the_o hedui_n with_o their_o associate_n be_v very_o gainful_a witness_n but_o among_o kingdom_n that_o be_v better_o suit_v with_o equality_n of_o strength_n and_o
soon_o know_v but_o they_o levy_v great_a force_n both_o of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o with_o their_o horse_n in_o which_o their_o principal_a strength_n consist_v charge_v upon_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o march_n which_o be_v easy_o repel_v as_o we_o follow_v the_o retreat_n sudden_o the_o infantry_n of_o the_o gall_n show_v itself_o in_o a_o valley_n as_o it_o lay_v in_o ambush_n these_o set_n upon_o the_o roman_n renew_v the_o battle_n and_o there_o the_o fight_n continue_v hot_a a_o long_a time_n the_o sontiate_n be_v animate_v with_o the_o former_a victory_n see_v all_o the_o hope_n of_o aquitanie_n rely_v upon_o their_o virtue_n and_o the_o roman_n on_o the_o other_o side_n desire_v to_o show_v what_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v of_o themselves_o without_o their_o grand_a captain_n and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o young_a soldier_n at_o length_n the_o enemy_n overwage_v with_o prowess_n and_o weary_v with_o wound_n betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n of_o who_o the_o roman_n slay_v a_o great_a number_n and_o then_o march_v direct_o to_o the_o town_n of_o the_o sontiate_n and_o lay_v siege_n unto_o it_o the_o siege_n grow_v hot_a the_o roman_n approach_v the_o wall_n with_o vine_n turret_n and_o mount_v the_o townsman_n defend_v themselves_o sometime_o by_o sally_v out_o sometime_o by_o undermine_v the_o mount_n and_o fortification_n wherein_o the_o aquitani_n be_v very_o skilful_a but_o when_o they_o perceive_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o exceed_v all_o that_o they_o be_v able_a to_o do_v they_o entreat_v crassus_n to_o accept_v their_o rendry_n which_o be_v grant_v and_o all_o the_o army_n intend_v the_o delivery_n of_o their_o arm_n adcantuanus_n their_o chief_a magistrate_n flee_v out_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n at_o another_o port_n of_o the_o city_n with_o six_o hundred_o devote_a companion_n who_o they_o call_v soldurii_fw-la who_o manner_n be_v to_o enjoy_v all_o good_a thing_n in_o common_a with_o those_o who_o they_o have_v choose_v for_o their_o friend_n and_o if_o any_o misfortune_n befall_v they_o either_o to_o die_v with_o they_o or_o present_o kill_v themselves_o neither_o be_v it_o ever_o know_v in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n that_o any_o of_o they_o refuse_v to_o die_v when_o his_o friend_n be_v slay_v but_o as_o they_o attempt_v to_o escape_v the_o soldier_n that_o keep_v that_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n as_o they_o signify_v his_o evasion_n by_o a_o clamour_n and_o shout_n the_o rest_n betake_v themselves_o to_o arm_n and_o so_o after_o a_o sharp_a conflict_n repel_v he_o again_o into_o the_o town_n where_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o submissive_a multitude_n which_o be_v grant_v crassus_n have_v take_v hostage_n of_o they_o go_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o vocates_n and_o tarusates_n the_o first_o observation_n these_o skilful_a and_o experience_a man_n which_o crassus_n send_v for_o out_o of_o all_o the_o city_n in_o aquitaniâ—_n evocati_fw-la be_v those_o who_o the_o roman_n call_v evocati_fw-la such_o as_o be_v free_a from_o warfare_n and_o exempt_v by_o their_o law_n from_o give_v their_o name_n in_o muster_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o year_n or_o the_o magistracy_n which_o they_o have_v bear_v or_o for_o some_o other_o cause_n which_o give_v they_o that_o privilege_n and_o in_o that_o regard_n be_v send_v for_o by_o letter_n entreat_v their_o assistance_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o that_o war_n as_o man_n well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o such_o business_n their_o place_n be_v nothing_o inferior_a to_o the_o centurion_n for_o advise_v and_o direction_n although_o they_o have_v no_o part_n in_o command_n or_o authority_n the_o second_o observation_n in_o this_o fight_n we_o may_v further_o observe_v their_o manner_n of_o defence_n against_o mount_n and_o cavaliero_n which_o we_o find_v chief_o to_o be_v mine_n josephus_n in_o the_o jewish_a war_n say_v that_o the_o roman_n have_v raise_v a_o exceed_a high_a mount_n the_o jew_n undermine_v the_o same_o with_o such_o art_n that_o as_o they_o dig_v underneath_o they_o support_v the_o mount_n with_o huge_a prop_n and_o plank_n that_o it_o may_v not_o shrink_v and_o watch_v a_o time_n of_o great_a advantage_n they_o set_v all_o the_o timber-work_n which_o underprop_v the_o mount_n on_o fire_n which_o take_v fire_n with_o the_o help_n of_o brimstone_n and_o pitch_n the_o mount_n fall_v upon_o a_o sudden_a to_o the_o great_a terror_n &_o amazement_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o avaricum_n gall._n we_o find_v how_o the_o gall_n by_o undermine_v do_v take_v the_o earth_n from_o the_o mount_n as_o fast_o as_o it_o be_v carry_v unto_o it_o by_o the_o roman_n and_o so_o keep_v it_o from_o rise_v and_o make_v it_o uneffectual_a but_o if_o it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v of_o wood_n or_o other_o combustible_a matter_n they_o seek_v then_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o burn_v it_o as_o it_o happen_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o massilia_n and_o oftentimes_o when_o both_o burn_a and_o undermine_v fail_v they_o confront_v it_o with_o another_o mount_n within_o the_o wall_n to_o disappoint_v the_o disadvantage_n by_o equal_a contest_v of_o it_o and_o so_o make_v it_o unprofitable_a concern_v mine_n thus_o much_o may_v i_o say_v without_o prejudice_n to_o that_o art_n that_o the_o chief_a point_n to_o be_v respect_v be_v these_o first_o the_o true_a distance_n to_o a_o design_a place_n which_o be_v best_a get_v by_o instrument_n and_o help_v of_o geometry_n where_o other_o mark_n of_o certainty_n be_v want_v second_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o mine_n that_o we_o may_v not_o err_v in_o our_o course_n which_o the_o compass_n afford_v three_o the_o strengthen_n of_o the_o mine_n with_o timber-work_n if_o need_v require_v last_o the_o countermine_v and_o crosse-meeting_n all_o which_o part_n have_v very_o many_o circumstance_n and_o require_v a_o large_a discourse_n than_o may_v be_v think_v pertinent_a for_o this_o place_n the_o three_o observation_n the_o strange_a contract_n between_o these_o soldurii_fw-la and_o their_o chieftain_n may_v well_o deserve_v a_o place_n among_o these_o observation_n especial_o consider_v the_o obligatory_a condition_n which_o either_o party_n stand_v bind_v to_o observe_v for_o the_o captain_n be_v to_o make_v his_o soldurii_fw-la partaker_n of_o all_o his_o happiness_n in_o this_o life_n in_o regard_n whereof_o they_o be_v to_o take_v â—arâ—_n of_o whatsoever_o ill_a chance_n or_o disaster_n shall_v happen_v to_o befall_v he_o if_o death_n which_o be_v the_o last_o end_n of_o all_o sensual_a misery_n take_v hold_v of_o their_o head_n these_o devote_a be_v tie_v voluntary_o to_o follow_v he_o the_o selfsame_a way_n neither_o in_o any_o memory_n be_v there_o say_v he_o ever_o man_n find_v that_o refuse_v to_o die_v if_o he_o to_o who_o he_o be_v devote_v chance_v to_o be_v slay_v which_o bloody_a league_n of_o amity_n as_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n multiply_v particular_a destiny_n to_o a_o general_a calamity_n so_o be_v it_o dangerous_a in_o a_o wel-ordered_n state_n if_o the_o ringleader_n be_v either_o ambitious_a or_o seek_v to_o practise_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o good_a government_n for_o he_o himself_o will_v presume_v much_o upon_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o soldurii_fw-la and_o they_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v needs_o wish_v well_o to_o his_o attempt_n that_o be_v so_o interest_v in_o his_o life_n and_o death_n chap._n x._o the_o gall_n raise_v new_a force_n against_o crassus_n the_o barbarous_a gall_n be_v much_o trouble_v caesar_n that_o a_o town_n of_o that_o strength_n both_o by_o nature_n and_o art_n shall_v so_o soon_o be_v take_v and_o therefore_o they_o send_v ambassador_n into_o all_o quarter_n conjure_v one_o with_o another_o confirm_v their_o covenant_n with_o mutual_a hostage_n and_o levy_v what_o power_n they_o be_v able_a to_o make_v send_v for_o aid_v out_o of_o spain_n and_o from_o other_o state_n that_o border_v upon_o aquitanie_n at_o the_o come_n of_o these_o force_n they_o begin_v to_o make_v war_n with_o a_o great_a power_n and_o with_o many_o soldier_n of_o great_a fame_n for_o they_o appoint_v such_o leader_n as_o have_v see_v the_o experience_n of_o sertorius_n his_o war_n and_o be_v great_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n for_o their_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o art_n military_a these_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n begin_v to_o take_v place_n of_o advantage_n to_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o to_o intercept_v the_o roman_n from_o free_a passage_n of_o convoy_n and_o necessary_a intercourse_n which_o when_o crassus_n perceive_v and_o consider_v withal_o that_o his_o own_o force_n be_v so_o few_o that_o he_o can_v not_o well_o dismember_v they_o upon_o any_o service_n or_o advantage_n and_o that_o the_o enemy_n go_v out_o
imperator_n upon_o a_o due_a and_o full_a victory_n chap._n xi_o the_o britan_n make_v peace_n with_o caesar_n but_o break_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o roman_a ship_v the_o britan_n be_v overthrow_v in_o this_o battle_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o they_o have_v recover_v their_o safety_n by_o flight_n they_o present_o dispatch_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o peace_n promise_v hostage_n and_o obedience_n in_o whatsoever_o he_o command_v and_o with_o these_o ambassador_n return_v comius_n of_o arras_n who_o caesar_n have_v send_v before_o into_o brittany_n and_o who_o the_o britan_n at_o his_o first_o land_n with_o caesar_n mandate_n have_v seize_v upon_o and_o throw_v into_o prison_n but_o after_o the_o battle_n they_o release_v he_o and_o become_v now_o suitor_n for_o peace_n throw_v all_o the_o blame_n thereof_o upon_o the_o multitude_n excuse_v themselves_o as_o ignorant_a of_o it_o and_o so_o desire_v to_o be_v pardon_v caesar_n complain_v that_o whereas_o they_o send_v unto_o he_o into_o gallia_n to_o desire_v peace_n notwithstanding_o at_o his_o come_n they_o make_v war_n against_o he_o without_o any_o cause_n or_o reason_n at_o all_o but_o excuse_v it_o by_o their_o ignorance_n he_o command_v hostage_n to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o which_o they_o present_o perform_v in_o part_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o be_v set_v further_o off_o they_o promise_v shall_v likewise_o be_v render_v within_o a_o short_a time_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o they_o command_v their_o people_n to_o return_v to_o their_o possession_n and_o their_o ruler_n and_o prince_n come_v out_o of_o all_o quarter_n to_o commend_v themselves_o and_o their_o state_n to_o caesar_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o conclude_v four_o day_n after_o that_o caesar_n come_v into_o brittany_n the_o eighteen_o ship_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o horseman_n put_v out_o to_o sea_n with_o a_o gentle_a wind_n and_o approach_v so_o near_o the_o coast_n of_o brittany_n that_o they_o be_v within_o view_n of_o the_o roman_a camp_n there_o arise_v such_o a_o sudden_a tempest_n that_o none_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v their_o course_n but_o some_o of_o they_o return_v to_o the_o port_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v other_o some_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o island_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o westward_o and_o there_o cast_v anchor_n take_v in_o so_o much_o water_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o commit_v themselves_o again_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o direct_v their_o course_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o gallia_n the_o same_o night_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v in_o the_o full_a the_o tide_n be_v very_o high_a in_o those_o sea_n whereof_o the_o roman_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a both_o the_o galley_n that_o transport_v the_o army_n which_o be_v draw_v up_o upon_o the_o shore_n be_v fill_v with_o the_o tide_n and_o the_o ship_n of_o burden_n that_o lie_v at_o anchor_n be_v shake_v with_o the_o tempest_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o help_n to_o be_v give_v unto_o they_o so_o that_o many_o of_o they_o be_v rend_v and_o split_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o rest_n lose_v both_o their_o anchour_n cable_n and_o other_o tackle_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v altogether_o unserviceable_a where_o at_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v exceed_o trouble_v for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o ship_v to_o recarry_v they_o back_o again_o neither_o have_v they_o any_o necessary_n to_o new_a furnish_v the_o old_a and_o every_o man_n know_v that_o they_o must_v needs_o winter_n in_o gallia_n forasmuch_o as_o there_o be_v no_o provision_n of_o corn_v those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v which_o thing_n be_v know_v to_o the_o prince_n of_o brittany_n that_o be_v assemble_v to_o confer_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o caesar_n have_v command_v they_o to_o perform_v when_o they_o understand_v that_o the_o roman_n want_v both_o their_o horseman_n ship_v and_o provision_n of_o corn_n and_o conjecture_v of_o the_o paucity_n of_o their_o force_n by_o the_o small_a circuit_n of_o their_o camp_n that_o which_o make_v it_o of_o less_o compass_n then_o usual_a be_v that_o caâ—sar_n have_v transport_v his_o soldier_n without_o such_o necessary_a carriage_n as_o they_o use_v to_o take_v with_o they_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o rebel_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roman_n from_o corn_n and_o convoy_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o prolong_v the_o matter_n until_o winter_n come_v on_o for_o they_o think_v that_o if_o these_o be_v once_o overthrow_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o return_v into_o gallia_n never_o any_o man_n will_v afterward_o adventure_v to_o bring_v a_o army_n into_o brittany_n therefore_o they_o conspire_v again_o the_o second_o time_n and_o convey_v themselves_o by_o stealth_n out_o of_o the_o camp_n and_o get_v their_o man_n privy_o out_o of_o the_o field_n to_o make_v head_n in_o some_o convenient_a place_n against_o the_o roman_n the_o first_o observation_n concern_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o cause_n thereof_o it_o have_v already_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o second_o book_n to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v thus_o much_o as_o may_v serve_v to_o show_v how_o the_o roman_n become_v so_o ignorant_a of_o the_o springtide_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o full_a and_o new_a of_o the_o moon_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o watery_a element_n be_v altogether_o direct_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n wherein_o she_o exercise_v her_o regency_n according_a as_o she_o find_v the_o matter_n qualify_v for_o her_o influence_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o all_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o such_o gulf_n as_o be_v enclose_v in_o sinâ—es_n and_o bosom_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v both_o abridge_v of_o the_o liberty_n of_o their_o course_n and_o through_o the_o smallnesse_n of_o their_o quantity_n be_v not_o so_o capable_a of_o celestial_a power_n as_o the_o ocean_n itself_o it_o consequent_o follow_v that_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n wherewith_o the_o roman_n be_v chief_o acquaint_v be_v not_o so_o answerable_a in_o effect_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o moon_n as_o the_o main_a sea_n who_o bound_n be_v range_v in_o a_o more_o spacious_a circuit_n and_o through_o the_o plenteous_a abundance_n of_o his_o part_n better_a answer_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o moon_n the_o ocean_n therefore_o be_v thus_o obedient_a to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o celestial_a body_n take_v her_o course_n of_o slow_v from_o the_o north_n fall_v with_o such_o a_o current_n between_o the_o orcades_n and_o the_o main_a of_o norvegia_n that_o she_o fill_v our_o channel_n between_o england_n and_o france_n with_o great_a swell_a tide_n and_o make_v her_o motion_n more_o eminent_a in_o these_o quarter_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o hence_o it_o happen_v that_o our_o river_n of_o thames_n lie_v with_o her_o mouth_n so_o ready_a to_o receive_v the_o tide_n as_o it_o come_v and_o have_v withal_o a_o plain_a level_v belly_n and_o a_o very_a small_a fresh_a current_n take_v the_o tide_n as_o far_o into_o the_o land_n as_o any_o other_o know_v river_n of_o europe_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o springtide_n in_o the_o full_a of_o the_o moon_n the_o second_o observation_n such_o as_o either_o by_o their_o own_o experience_n or_o otherwise_o by_o observation_n of_o that_o which_o history_n record_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o government_n of_o commonweal_n be_v not_o ignorant_a with_o what_o difficulty_n a_o nation_n that_o either_o have_v long_o live_v in_o liberty_n or_o be_v govern_v by_o commander_n of_o their_o own_o choose_n be_v make_v subject_n to_o the_o yoke_n of_o bondage_n or_o reduce_v under_o the_o obedience_n of_o a_o stranger_n for_o as_o we_o be_v apt_a by_o a_o natural_a inclination_n to_o civil_a society_n so_o by_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o desire_v a_o free_a disposition_n of_o ourselves_o and_o possession_n as_o the_o chief_a end_n of_o the_o say_a society_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o subdue_a state_n what_o loss_n or_o disadvantage_n happen_v to_o the_o victor_n or_o how_o indirect_o soever_o it_o concern_v the_o bond_n of_o their_o thraldom_n the_o captive_a people_n behold_v it_o as_o a_o part_n of_o their_o adversary_n overthrow_v and_o conceive_v thereupon_o such_o spirit_n as_o answer_v the_o greatness_n of_o their_o hope_n and_o sort_n with_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o will_n which_o always_o make_v that_o seem_v easy_a to_o be_v effect_v which_o it_o desire_v and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o britan_n alter_v their_o resolution_n of_o peace_n upon_o the_o loss_n which_o the_o roman_n have_v receive_v in_o their_o ship_n chap._n xii_o caesar_n new_a triâ—ameth_v his_o late_a shake_a navy_n the_o britan_n set_v upon_o the_o roman_n as_o they_o harve_v but_o be_v put_v off_o by_o caesar_n
each_o other_o life_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v which_o of_o they_o deserve_v great_a honour_n observation_n caesar_n insert_v this_o accident_n of_o the_o two_o centurion_n as_o worthy_a to_o be_v relate_v among_o the_o deed_n of_o arm_n contain_v in_o these_o commentary_n wherein_o we_o be_v first_o to_o observe_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o quarrel_n which_o be_v their_o continual_a strife_n for_o place_n of_o preferment_n which_o they_o seek_v after_o by_o show_v their_o valour_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o approve_v their_o worth_n by_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o desert_n a_o contention_n worthy_a the_o roman_a discipline_n &_o may_v serve_v for_o a_o pattern_n of_o true_a honour_n full_a of_o courage_n accomplish_v with_o virtue_n for_o these_o simultates_fw-la which_o desire_v of_o honour_n have_v cast_v between_o they_o bring_v forth_o emulation_n which_o be_v the_o spurr_n of_o virtue_n far_o from_o enmity_n or_o hateful_a contention_n for_o the_o difference_n between_o these_o two_o quality_n be_v that_o enmity_n hunt_v after_o destruction_n &_o only_o rejoice_v in_o that_o which_o bring_v to_o our_o adversary_n utter_v ruin_n dishonour_n or_o ill_a achievement_n but_o emulation_n contend_v only_o by_o well_o deserve_v to_o gain_v the_o advantage_n of_o another_o man_n fame_n that_o use_v the_o same_o â—eans_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o like_a end_n and_o be_v always_o mix_v with_o love_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o affinity_n of_o their_o affection_n and_o the_o sympathy_n of_o their_o desire_n not_o seek_v the_o overthrow_n of_o their_o competitour_n but_o succour_v he_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o defend_v he_o from_o foul_a and_o unfortunate_a calamity_n that_o he_o may_v still_o continue_v to_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o his_o worth_n by_o the_o opposition_n of_o inferior_a action_n which_o be_v as_o a_o lesser_a scantling_n of_o desert_n to_o measure_v the_o estimation_n of_o the_o other_o honour_n a_o virtue_n rare_a and_o unknown_a in_o these_o day_n and_o will_v hardly_o find_v subject_n to_o be_v resident_a in_o if_o she_o shall_v offer_v she_o help_v in_o the_o course_n of_o our_o affair_n or_o sue_v to_o be_v entertain_v by_o the_o crooked_a disposition_n of_o our_o time_n for_o we_o can_v no_o soon_o conceive_v the_o thought_n that_o breed_v emulation_n but_o it_o turn_v present_o to_o hatred_n which_o be_v follow_v to_o the_o uttermost_a of_o our_o malice_n and_o rest_v better_a satisfy_v with_o the_o miserable_a end_n of_o our_o oppose_a partner_n then_o with_o thousand_o of_o trophy_n deserve_o erect_v to_o our_o honour_n which_o make_v i_o wonder_v when_o i_o look_v into_o the_o difference_n of_o these_o and_o those_o age_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o discipline_n of_o that_o time_n which_o bring_v forth_o such_o honest_a effect_n of_o virtue_n to_o their_o glory_n and_o our_o ignominy_n have_v learn_v better_a rule_n than_o be_v know_v unto_o they_o or_o whether_o the_o world_n weaken_v with_o age_n want_v strength_n in_o these_o time_n to_o bring_v forth_o her_o creature_n in_o that_o perfection_n as_o it_o do_v in_o those_o day_n or_o what_o other_o cause_n have_v make_v our_o worst_a affection_n so_o violent_a and_o our_o better_a faculty_n so_o remiss_a and_o negligent_a that_o virtue_n have_v no_o part_n in_o we_o but_o word_n of_o praise_n our_o whole_a practice_n be_v consecrate_v to_o action_n of_o reproach_n the_o injury_n murder_n scandalous_a carriage_n of_o one_o towards_o another_o which_o in_o these_o day_n be_v so_o ready_o offer_v and_o so_o impatient_o digest_v will_v admit_v no_o satisfaction_n but_o private_a combat_n which_o in_o the_o first_o monarchy_n be_v grant_v only_o against_o stranger_n &_o foreign_a enemy_n as_o the_o only_a object_n of_o arm_n and_o wrath_n and_o capable_a of_o that_o justice_n which_o the_o private_a sword_n shall_v execute_v for_o they_o well_o perceive_v that_o these_o single_a battle_n be_v as_o sparkle_v of_o civil_a discord_n and_o intestine_a war_n although_o not_o so_o apparent_a in_o the_o general_a view_n of_o their_o state_n yet_o as_o odious_a in_o particular_a and_o as_o dishonourable_a to_o good_a government_n and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o true_a record_n of_o such_o as_o have_v be_v either_o slay_v or_o wound_v within_o these_o forty_o year_n either_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o in_o france_n or_o in_o germany_n by_o this_o licentious_a and_o brutish_a custom_n i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o they_o will_v amount_v to_o a_o number_n capable_a of_o that_o fearful_a stile_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o civil_a war_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o law_n how_o rigorous_a or_o hard_a soever_o that_o can_v give_v relief_n to_o this_o disorder_n but_o the_o restraint_n will_v draw_v on_o as_o great_a enormity_n and_o as_o intolerable_a in_o a_o good_a government_n 〈◊〉_d king_n of_o the_o lumbards_n forâ—ade_n his_o subject_n this_o manner_n of_o combat_n but_o short_o after_o he_o be_v constrain_v to_o recall_v the_o edict_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o great_a evil_n although_o he_o protest_v the_o thing_n to_o be_v both_o inhuman_a and_o barbarous_a the_o like_a edict_n be_v publish_v in_o france_n by_o philip_n the_o fair_a but_o be_v within_o two_o year_n revoke_v again_o at_o the_o instant_a request_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o murder_n and_o assasinat_n commit_v in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o only_a remedy_n that_o i_o find_v to_o take_v effect_n in_o this_o case_n be_v that_o of_o late_a time_n which_o the_o prince_n of_o melphe_n in_o piâ—moâ—t_n invent_v to_o prevent_v this_o evil_a for_o perceive_v how_o ordinary_a quarrel_n and_o bloodshed_n be_v in_o his_o camp_n he_o assign_v a_o place_n between_o two_o bridge_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o duâ—ilum_fw-la with_o this_o charge_n that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o wâ—â—st_n shall_v always_o be_v slay_v &_o cast_v from_o the_o bridge_n into_o the_o water_n the_o danger_n join_v with_o dishonour_n which_o by_o this_o decree_n attend_v such_o as_o undertake_v private_a combat_n make_v the_o soldier_n wise_a in_o their_o carriage_n and_o put_v a_o end_n to_o their_o sedition_n and_o civil_a discord_n but_o that_o which_o be_v yet_o worst_a of_o all_o be_v that_o custom_n have_v now_o make_v it_o so_o familiar_a that_o every_o 〈◊〉_d seem_v sufficient_a to_o call_v the_o matter_n to_o a_o private_a combat_n a_o cross_a look_n call_v another_o man_n honour_n in_o question_n but_o the_o word_n lye_n be_v of_o as_o great_a consequence_n as_o any_o stab_n or_o villainy_n whatsoever_o whereat_o we_o may_v well_o wonder_v how_o it_o happen_v that_o we_o feel_v ourselves_o so_o much_o exasperate_v at_o the_o reproach_n of_o that_o vice_n which_o we_o so_o ordinary_o commit_v for_o in_o the_o custom_n of_o these_o time_n to_o cast_v upon_o we_o the_o lie_n be_v the_o great_a in_o jury_n that_o word_n can_v do_v unto_o we_o and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o frequent_a in_o our_o mouth_n it_o may_v be_v a_o property_n in_o our_o nature_n to_o stand_v chief_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o that_o corruption_n unto_o which_o we_o be_v most_o subject_a i_o speak_v not_o this_o to_o qualify_v the_o foulness_n of_o this_o vice_n for_o i_o hold_v a_o liar_n to_o be_v a_o monster_n in_o nature_n one_o that_o contemn_v god_n and_o fear_v man_n as_o a_o ancient_a father_n say_v but_o to_o show_v the_o crookedness_n of_o our_o disposition_n in_o disdain_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o fault_n which_o we_o so_o common_o commit_v but_o i_o will_v fain_o learn_v when_o honour_n first_o come_v to_o be_v measure_v with_o word_n for_o from_o the_o beginning_n it_o be_v not_o so_o caesar_n be_v often_o call_v to_o his_o face_n thief_n and_o drunkard_n without_o any_o further_a matter_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o invective_n which_o great_a personage_n use_v one_o against_o another_o as_o it_o begin_v so_o it_o end_v with_o word_n and_o so_o i_o think_v our_o lie_n may_v too_o for_o i_o take_v he_o that_o return_v the_o lie_n and_o so_o let_v it_o rest_n until_o further_a proof_n to_o have_v as_o great_a advantage_n in_o the_o reputation_n of_o honour_n as_o the_o former_a that_o first_o give_v the_o disgrace_n chap._n xxi_o ciâ—â—ro_n find_v mean_n to_o advertise_v caesar_n of_o this_o accident_n who_o haste_v raise_v the_o siege_n and_o put_v the_o enemy_n to_o a_o great_a â—laughter_n as_o the_o siege_n grow_v daily_o hot_a aâ—d_o sharp_a caesar_n and_o special_o for_o that_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v lay_v up_o with_o wound_n and_o the_o matter_n bring_v into_o a_o few_o man_n hand_n that_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o defence_n so_o they_o send_v out_o letter_n and_o messenger_n the_o more_o often_o to_o caesar_n of_o who_o some_o be_v take_v and_o in_o the_o sight_n of_o our_o soldier_n torture_v to_o death_n there_o
to_o the_o extraordinary_a labour_n of_o his_o soldier_n reward_v fore_o whereas_o they_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o their_o wintering-camp_n before_o winter_n be_v end_v and_o be_v carry_v unreasonable_o upon_o a_o service_n he_o reward_v they_o with_o the_o booty_n and_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o roman_a warfare_n which_o reserve_v either_o all_o or_o the_o most_o part_n thereof_o for_o the_o public_a treasury_n and_o leave_v the_o soldier_n to_o his_o stipendiary_a entertainment_n which_o be_v a_o point_n very_o observable_a in_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o war_n wherein_o be_v require_v as_o well_o eminent_a and_o extraordinary_a attempt_n as_o common_a and_o usual_a duty_n and_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o a_o wise_a commander_n be_v think_v worthy_a their_o answerable_a reward_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o gergovia_n as_o it_o follow_v in_o the_o seven_o commentary_n l._n fabius_n a_o centurion_n tell_v his_o companion_n that_o the_o booty_n and_o pillage_n which_o he_o have_v get_v at_o the_o take_n of_o avaricum_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o man_n to_o get_v up_o upon_o the_o wall_n before_o himself_o and_o so_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o honourable_a attempt_n be_v honourable_o reward_v do_v as_o seed_v sow_v in_o good_a ground_n multiply_v the_o increase_n of_o like_a virtuous_a action_n and_o this_o be_v one_o principal_a mean_n which_o he_o use_v to_o give_v courage_n and_o valour_n to_o his_o soldier_n as_o when_o he_o go_v to_o get_v spain_n from_o pompey_n and_o that_o faction_n bell_n he_o borrow_a money_n of_o the_o tribune_n &_o centurion_n &_o give_v it_o in_o largess_n to_o the_o soldier_n whereby_o he_o gain_v as_o he_o say_v two_o advantage_n quod_fw-la pignore_fw-la animos_fw-la centurionum_fw-la devinxit_fw-la &_o largitione_n redemit_fw-la militum_fw-la voluntates_fw-la for_o he_o engage_v the_o centurion_n to_o he_o whilst_o he_o have_v this_o pledge_n from_o they_o and_o by_o his_o largesse_n purchase_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o soldier_n chap._n iii_o caesar_n summon_v a_o general_a council_n and_o carry_v his_o army_n against_o the_o senones_n a_o general_n councillor_n meet_v of_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n be_v summon_v caesar_n according_a to_o his_o first_o resolution_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o spring_n whereas_o all_o the_o rest_n save_v the_o senones_n carnutes_n and_o treviri_n make_v their_o appearance_n he_o conceive_v of_o it_o as_o the_o begin_n of_o war_n and_o defection_n and_o thereupon_o set_v all_o other_o thing_n aside_o he_o transfer_v the_o council_n to_o the_o city_n of_o paris_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o senones_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o father_n have_v unite_v their_o state_n unto_o they_o but_o be_v hold_v clear_a of_o this_o confederacy_n this_o thing_n be_v publish_v from_o the_o tribunal_n the_o same_o day_n he_o carry_v the_o legion_n against_o the_o senones_n and_o by_o great_a journey_n come_v into_o their_o country_n his_o come_v be_v know_v acco_n the_o chief_a author_n of_o that_o rebellion_n command_v the_o multitude_n to_o go_v into_o city_n and_o town_n of_o defence_n but_o as_o they_o endeavour_v before_o it_o can_v be_v accomplish_v news_n be_v bring_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v already_o come_v whereby_o they_o necessary_o leave_v off_o their_o purpose_n and_o send_v ambassador_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v for_o favour_n they_o use_v the_o mediation_n of_o the_o hedui_n who_o state_n have_v of_o old_a time_n be_v in_o faith_n and_o league_n with_o the_o roman_n caesar_n at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o hedui_n do_v willing_o afford_v they_o pardon_v and_o accept_v their_o excuse_n forasmuch_o as_o he_o judge_v the_o summer_n time_n fit_a to_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o war_n which_o be_v come_v on_o he_o rather_o than_o in_o matter_n of_o question_n and_o judgement_n and_o have_v command_v a_o hundred_o pledge_n he_o deliver_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o hedui_n the_o carnutes_n likewise_o send_v messenger_n and_o pledge_n and_o by_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n who_o client_n they_o be_v receive_v the_o same_o answer_n caesar_n end_v the_o council_n and_o command_v horseman_n to_o be_v send_v he_o from_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n the_o first_o observation_n it_o shall_v not_o seem_v impertinent_a to_o the_o reader_n that_o i_o take_v occasion_n here_o to_o say_v somewhat_o touch_v the_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o this_o parliament_n or_o councell-generall_a parliament_n wherein_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n or_o at_o the_o least_o such_o as_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o roman_a sovereignty_n present_v their_o fealty_n and_o be_v mutual_a witness_n of_o each_o other_o allegiance_n concern_v which_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v that_o as_o all_o natural_a body_n have_v a_o transitory_a be_v depend_v upon_o motion_n and_o function_n of_o part_n so_o special_o state_n and_o commonweal_n as_o sympathize_v with_o natural_a cause_n have_v no_o certain_a continuance_n in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o be_v but_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n and_o fortune_n and_o do_v pass_v the_o age_n of_o a_o natural_a life_n from_o infancy_n grow_v to_o better_a strength_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o best_a perfection_n which_o year_n can_v afford_v it_o and_o then_o decay_v again_o by_o like_a degree_n even_o to_o the_o period_n and_o death_n of_o that_o policy_n for_o remedy_v whereof_o and_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o any_o weaken_a disease_n which_o may_v infect_v either_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o body_n or_o so_o possess_v any_o part_n thereof_o as_o it_o may_v thereby_o prove_v either_o dangerous_a or_o unprofitable_a among_o other_o help_n these_o counsel_n and_o meeting_n have_v be_v think_v necessary_a wherein_o every_o particular_a state_n and_o city_n have_v some_o of_o their_o society_n present_a as_o well_o to_o open_v their_o grievance_n if_o any_o be_v and_o to_o seek_v ease_n and_o relief_n by_o way_n of_o treaty_n and_o dispute_n as_o also_o to_o receive_v such_o direction_n and_o mandate_n as_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o prince_n shall_v think_v meet_a for_o their_o government_n for_o as_o this_o common_a council_n or_o general_a assembly_n may_v well_o be_v term_v the_o pulse_n of_o a_o politic_a body_n whereby_o the_o true_a state_n and_o temperature_n thereof_o be_v discern_v so_o be_v it_o also_o as_o a_o treaty_n or_o parley_n and_o a_o renew_n of_o the_o condition_n of_o peace_n between_o the_o head_n and_o the_o member_n where_o sovereignty_n and_o obedience_n be_v mutual_o propound_v do_v concur_v in_o the_o establish_n of_o true_a and_o perfect_a government_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o politician_n of_o late_a time_n do_v in_o their_o write_n call_v the_o reduce_n of_o a_o common-weal_n to_o the_o first_o beginning_n for_o the_o noisome_a and_o superfluous_a humour_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v purge_v and_o abate_v the_o body_n of_o the_o public_a weal_n be_v refine_v into_o such_o true_a and_o natural_a element_n and_o settle_v in_o that_o disposition_n of_o health_n as_o may_v give_v great_a hope_n of_o long_a continuance_n beside_o this_o use_n and_o benefit_n of_o these_o assembly_n there_o be_v many_o necessary_a business_n conclude_v and_o many_o thing_n agree_v unto_o serve_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o war_n against_o party_n and_o faction_n as_o namely_o the_o leviâ—s_n and_o supply_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n grant_v by_o this_o council_n as_o a_o subsidy_n which_o in_o the_o roman_a army_n receive_v stipend_n and_o pay_v by_o the_o name_n of_o auxiliary_a or_o associate_v force_n whereof_o we_o read_v in_o many_o place_n of_o these_o commentary_n and_o particular_o in_o this_o book_n but_o the_o roman_n use_v special_o the_o service_n of_o their_o horseman_n as_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o strength_n and_o far_o exceed_v their_o foot_n company_n in_o execution_n of_o arm_n and_o use_n of_o war_n wherein_o the_o gall_n have_v ever_o challenge_v a_o preeminence_n before_o other_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o have_v continue_v the_o same_o reputation_n even_o unto_o this_o time_n footman_n whether_o it_o be_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o nimble_a and_o quick_a motion_n of_o their_o spirit_n which_o be_v better_o suit_v with_o the_o swift_a and_o speedy_a execution_n of_o horse_n then_o with_o any_o readiness_n which_o their_o own_o strength_n can_v afford_v they_o or_o what_o other_o cause_n it_o have_v i_o know_v not_o but_o this_o i_o be_o sure_a of_o that_o as_o the_o world_n take_v notice_n of_o their_o hot_a fantasy_n so_o will_v the_o french_a be_v reckon_v the_o best_a horseman_n of_o any_o other_o nation_n the_o last_o say_n which_o i_o observe_v concern_v this_o council_n be_v the_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v summon_v which_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n rather_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o
and_o thereupon_o divitiacus_n go_v unto_o rome_n to_o seek_v aid_n of_o the_o senate_n but_o return_v without_o effect_v any_o thing_n caesar_n come_v into_o gallia_n bring_v a_o alteration_n of_o these_o thing_n for_o the_o pledge_n be_v restore_v back_o again_o to_o the_o hedui_n and_o their_o old_a follower_n and_o client_n do_v likewise_o return_v to_o their_o protection_n beside_o other_o new_a follower_n which_o by_o caesar_n mean_n do_v cleave_v unto_o they_o for_o they_o see_v that_o those_o which_o enter_v into_o friendship_n with_o they_o be_v in_o a_o better_a condition_n and_o more_o fair_o deal_v with_o whereby_o their_o nobleness_n and_o dignity_n be_v so_o amplify_v and_o enlarge_v that_o the_o sequani_n lose_v their_o authority_n who_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n succeed_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o world_n take_v notice_n that_o they_o be_v no_o less_o favour_v of_o caesar_n then_o the_o hedui_n such_o as_o by_o reason_n of_o former_a enmity_n can_v not_o endure_v to_o join_v with_o the_o hedui_n put_v themselves_o into_o the_o clientele_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n and_o find_v respective_a protection_n from_o that_o state_n which_o cause_v a_o new_a and_o sudden_a raise_v authority_n of_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n so_o that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o hedui_n go_v far_o beyond_o all_o the_o other_o state_n of_o gallia_n in_o power_n and_o authority_n and_o next_o unto_o they_o be_v the_o man_n of_o rheims_n observation_n faction_n be_v general_o the_o rent_n of_o a_o state_n party_n and_o a_o disjoint_v of_o those_o part_n which_o common_a unity_n have_v knit_v together_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o good_a government_n but_o the_o gall_n maintain_v side_n and_o party_n throughout_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o their_o continent_n and_o find_v it_o necessary_a for_o the_o uphold_v of_o their_o policy_n at_o home_n and_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o course_n of_o these_o war_n rather_o a_o help_n then_o otherwise_o in_o their_o general_a defence_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o former_a benefit_n be_v ground_v upon_o two_o cause_n as_o caesar_n note_v the_o one_o proceed_v from_o the_o oppression_n use_v by_o the_o rich_a and_o mighty_a man_n towards_o the_o poor_a and_o mean_a people_n and_o the_o other_o from_o the_o impatiency_n of_o those_o of_o inferior_a condition_n refuse_v to_o acknowledge_v any_o authority_n or_o preeminency_n at_o all_o rather_o than_o to_o endure_v the_o wrong_n and_o contumely_n of_o the_o mighty_a and_o therefore_o to_o prevent_v the_o licentious_a might_n of_o the_o great_a one_o and_o to_o give_v countenance_n and_o respect_n to_o the_o low_a sort_n these_o faction_n and_o side_n be_v devise_v wherein_o the_o foot_n have_v always_o a_o head_n sensible_a of_o the_o wrong_n which_o be_v do_v unto_o it_o thing_n of_o great_a condition_n be_v always_o injurious_a to_o lesser_a nature_n and_o can_v endure_v any_o competency_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o comparison_n or_o by_o way_n of_o relation_n in_o thing_n without_o life_n the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o mountain_n do_v swallow_v up_o the_o lesser_a rise_n of_o the_o down_n and_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o down_n the_o unevenness_n of_o the_o molehill_n the_o star_n be_v dim_v at_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o moon_n lose_v both_o her_o light_n and_o her_o beauty_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n so_o among_o bruit_n beast_n and_o fish_n the_o great_a do_v always_o devour_v the_o less_o and_o take_v they_o as_o their_o due_n by_o the_o appointment_n of_o nature_n and_o man_n more_o injurious_a in_o this_o point_n than_o either_o mountain_n or_o brute_n beast_n inasmuch_o as_o they_o do_v always_o overvalue_v themselves_o beyond_o their_o own_o greatness_n have_v in_o all_o age_n verify_v the_o old_a proverb_n homo_fw-la homini_fw-la lupus_fw-la one_o man_n be_v a_o wolf_n to_o another_o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o nature_n make_v nothing_o in_o vain_a but_o have_v give_v a_o be_v to_o the_o least_o of_o her_o creature_n so_o do_v they_o endeavour_v not_o to_o be_v annul_v but_o to_o keep_v themselves_o in_o be_v and_o continuance_n habet_fw-la &_o musca_fw-la splenem_fw-la the_o very_a fly_n have_v her_o spleen_n say_v the_o poet_n and_o the_o pismire_n and_o bee_n have_v their_o commonweal_n though_o not_o equal_a to_o a_o monarch_n and_o therefore_o that_o the_o mighty_a and_o great_a man_n of_o gallia_n may_v not_o devour_v the_o low_a of_o the_o people_n but_o that_o every_o man_n may_v stand_v in_o his_o own_o condition_n and_o by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o rowland_n live_v by_o a_o oliver_n and_o again_o that_o the_o poor_a sort_n may_v give_v as_o a_o tribute_n for_o their_o protection_n that_o respect_n and_o obedience_n to_o their_o superior_n as_o belong_v to_o such_o high_a calling_n these_o faction_n and_o bandy_v be_v ordain_v whereby_o the_o noble_n be_v restrain_v from_o oppress_v the_o poor_a and_o the_o poor_a compel_v to_o obey_v the_o nobility_n which_o be_v the_o best_a end_n that_o may_v be_v make_v of_o any_o faction_n concern_v the_o advantage_n which_o the_o gall_n receive_v by_o these_o faction_n against_o foreign_a enemy_n it_o be_v rather_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o state_n and_o common-weal_n which_o be_v in_o the_o continent_n of_o gallia_n then_o otherwise_o for_o it_o manifest_o appear_v that_o their_o faction_n and_o contention_n for_o sovereign_a authority_n cause_v one_o party_n to_o bring_v in_o ariovistus_n and_o the_o german_n and_o the_o other_o party_n the_o roman_n to_o make_v good_a their_o bandy_n but_o forasmuch_o as_o gallia_n have_v many_o division_n and_o contain_v many_o several_a state_n rely_v chief_o upon_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o esteem_v the_o subversion_n of_o their_o neighbour_n city_n 2._o as_o a_o calamity_n befalling_a their_o neighbour_n from_o which_o the_o rest_n stand_v as_o yet_o free_a it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o conquer_v as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v all_o but_o one_o kingdom_n the_o battle_n which_o caesar_n have_v with_o the_o nervij_n which_o be_v fight_v so_o hard_o that_o of_o threescore_o thousand_o man_n there_o be_v leave_v but_o five_o hundred_o nor_o of_o six_o hundred_o senator_n above_o three_o nor_o again_o the_o sell_v of_o three_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o gall_n for_o bondslave_n at_o one_o time_n do_v not_o so_o much_o advantage_v the_o conquest_n of_o gallia_n as_o the_o battle_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o or_o that_o of_o henry_n the_o five_o our_o two_o english_a caesar_n in_o the_o former_a whereof_o be_v slay_v at_o cressie_n thirty_o thousand_o of_o the_o french_a and_o in_o the_o latter_a at_o agincourt_n but_o ten_o thousand_o the_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o the_o former_a loss_n though_o far_o great_a concern_v but_o particular_a state_n whereas_o these_o latter_a overthrow_n extend_v to_o the_o member_n and_o branch_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n chap._n viii_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n in_o gallia_n druid_n and_o equites_fw-la throughout_o all_o gallia_n there_o be_v but_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n that_o be_v of_o any_o reckon_n or_o account_n caesar_n for_o the_o common_a people_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o servant_n and_o of_o no_o worth_n of_o themselves_o nor_o admit_v to_o any_o parliament_n but_o be_v keep_v under_o either_o by_o debt_n or_o by_o great_a tribute_n necis_fw-la or_o by_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o mighty_a do_v put_v themselves_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o authority_n which_o the_o master_n have_v over_o his_o bondslave_n of_o these_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o be_v druid_n and_o the_o other_o equites_fw-la or_o gentleman_n the_o druid_n which_o be_v always_o present_a at_o their_o holy_a duty_n do_v give_v order_n for_o their_o public_a and_o private_a sacrifice_n and_o expound_v their_o religion_n to_o the_o druid_n great_a number_n of_o the_o youth_n do_v resort_n for_o learning_n saâ—e_v and_o have_v they_o in_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n for_o they_o do_v determine_v almost_o of_o all_o controversy_n both_o public_a and_o private_a for_o if_o any_o offence_n be_v commit_v as_o murder_v or_o manslaughter_n or_o any_o controversy_n arise_v touch_v their_o land_n or_o inheritance_n they_o sentence_v it_o reward_v the_o virtuous_a and_o punish_v the_o wicked_a if_o any_o private_a man_n or_o state_n do_v not_o obey_v their_o decree_n they_o interdâ—d_v he_o from_o holy_a duty_n which_o be_v the_o great_a punishment_n that_o be_v among_o they_o such_o as_o be_v thus_o interdict_v be_v repute_v in_o the_o number_n of_o impious_a and_o wicked_a man_n every_o man_n leave_v their_o company_n and_o do_v avoid_v to_o meet_v they_o or_o speak_v with_o they_o lest_o they_o shall_v receive_v any_o hurt_n by_o their_o contagion_n neither_o have_v they_o law_n or_o justice_n when_o they_o require_v it_o nor_o
any_o respect_n or_o honour_n that_o do_v belong_v unto_o they_o over_o all_o the_o druid_n there_o be_v one_o primate_n that_o have_v authority_n of_o the_o rest_n at_o his_o decease_n if_o any_o one_o do_v excel_v the_o rest_n in_o dignity_n he_o succee_v if_o many_o equal_n be_v find_v they_o go_v to_o election_n and_o sometime_o they_o contend_v about_o the_o primacy_n with_o force_n and_o arm_n they_o meet_v at_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o carnutes_n which_o be_v the_o middle_a part_n of_o all_o gallia_n and_o there_o they_o sit_v in_o a_o sacred_a place_n thither_o they_o resort_v from_o all_o part_n that_o have_v controversy_n and_o do_v obey_v their_o order_n and_o judgement_n england_n the_o art_n and_o learning_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v first_o find_v out_o in_o brittany_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v think_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o gallia_n and_o at_o this_o time_n such_o as_o will_v attain_v to_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o that_o discipline_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n travel_v thither_o to_o learn_v it_o the_o druid_n be_v exempt_a from_o warfare_n and_o payment_n and_o have_v a_o immunity_n from_o all_o other_o duty_n whereby_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o many_o do_v be_v take_v themselves_o to_o that_o profession_n of_o their_o own_o free_a will_n and_o divers_a other_o be_v send_v to_o that_o school_n by_o their_o parent_n and_o friend_n they_o be_v say_v to_o learn_v many_o verse_n and_o that_o some_o do_v study_v therein_o twenty_o year_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o they_o to_o commit_v any_o thing_n to_o writing_n beside_o that_o in_o other_o public_a and_o private_a business_n they_o only_o use_v the_o greek_a tongue_n and_o that_o as_o i_o take_v it_o for_o two_o cause_n first_o for_o that_o their_o learning_n may_v not_o become_v common_a and_o vulgar_a second_o that_o scholar_n may_v not_o trust_v so_o much_o to_o their_o write_n as_o to_o their_o memory_n as_o it_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o man_n rely_v upon_o the_o trust_n of_o book_n and_o paper_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n omit_v the_o benefit_n of_o good_a remembrance_n they_o endeavour_v chief_o to_o teach_v man_n that_o their_o soul_n do_v not_o die_v but_o that_o they_o do_v remove_v out_o of_o one_o body_n into_o another_o after_o death_n and_o this_o they_o think_v to_o be_v very_o important_a to_o stir_v man_n up_o to_o virtue_n neglect_v the_o fear_n of_o death_n they_o dispute_v further_o and_o give_v many_o tradition_n to_o the_o youth_n touch_v the_o star_n and_o their_o motion_n the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o world_n the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o the_o might_n and_o power_n of_o the_o go_n observation_n the_o quality_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o druid_n be_v in_o this_o place_n very_o particular_o describe_v by_o caesar_n druid_n and_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o head_n first_o their_o office_n extend_v both_o to_o thing_n divine_a and_o thing_n temporal_a whereby_o they_o execute_v the_o place_n both_o of_o priest_n and_o of_o judge_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n there_o be_v one_o know_v place_n appoint_v where_o they_o sit_v in_o judgement_n and_o as_o i_o understand_v it_o there_o be_v but_o one_o term_n in_o the_o year_n which_o both_o begin_v and_o end_v their_o suit_n in_o law_n the_o second_o thing_n be_v their_o authority_n have_v power_n to_o reward_v virtue_n and_o to_o punish_v vice_n three_o their_o privilege_n and_o immunity_n be_v free_a from_o contribution_n from_o warfare_n and_o all_o other_o burden_n of_o the_o state_n four_o their_o doctrine_n and_o learning_n which_o be_v partly_o theological_a concern_v the_o might_n and_o power_n of_o the_o god_n the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o partly_o philosophical_a touch_v the_o star_n and_o their_o motion_n the_o earth_n and_o the_o magnitude_n thereof_o and_o last_o their_o manner_n of_o learning_n which_o be_v altogether_o pythagorical_a refuse_v the_o help_n of_o letter_n and_o book_n and_o commit_v their_o doctrine_n to_o the_o tradition_n of_o their_o elder_n but_o that_o which_o be_v special_o to_o be_v observe_v england_n be_v that_o this_o learning_n be_v not_o only_o find_v out_o here_o in_o brittany_n but_o such_o as_o will_v perfect_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o come_v into_o england_n to_o study_v the_o same_o contrary_a to_o the_o experience_n which_o heretofore_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o the_o northern_a and_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o as_o the_o south_n give_v a_o temper_n to_o the_o body_n fit_a for_o the_o science_n and_o contemplation_n of_o art_n whereby_o the_o mind_n be_v enlarge_v and_o purify_v in_o her_o faculty_n do_v dive_v into_o the_o secret_a depth_n of_o all_o learning_n and_o censure_v the_o hide_a mystery_n thereof_o so_o the_o northern_a climate_n do_v bind_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o soul_n and_o restrain_v all_o her_o virtue_n to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o body_n whereby_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v animam_fw-la in_o digitis_fw-la work_n their_o soul_n in_o their_o finger_n not_o afford_v she_o that_o delight_n and_o contentment_n which_o be_v usual_o receive_v by_o speculation_n and_o thence_o it_o happen_v that_o all_o speculative_a art_n and_o science_n and_o what_o else_o soever_o concern_v the_o inward_a contemplation_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v find_v out_o and_o perfect_v by_o such_o as_o border_v upon_o the_o south_n and_o from_o they_o it_o be_v bring_v by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o the_o northern_a region_n and_o such_o as_o will_v be_v master_n in_o the_o art_n they_o profess_v go_v always_o southward_o for_o the_o attain_n thereof_o but_o here_o the_o south_n be_v behold_v to_o the_o north_n as_o well_o for_o their_o principle_n of_o divinity_n as_o for_o their_o philosophy_n and_o moral_a learning_n be_v as_o pure_a as_o that_o which_o any_o heathen_a people_n ever_o drink_v of_o which_o prove_v a_o ancient_a singularity_n in_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n touch_v the_o study_n of_o art_n and_o matter_n of_o learning_n and_o may_v with_o like_a evidence_n be_v prove_v from_o age_n to_o age_n even_o to_o this_o time_n in_o witness_v whereof_o i_o appeal_v to_o the_o two_o university_n of_o this_o land_n cambridge_n as_o a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o love_n which_o our_o nation_n have_v ever_o bear_v to_o learning_n be_v two_o such_o magazine_n of_o art_n and_o science_n so_o beautify_v with_o curious_a building_n and_o supply_v with_o endowment_n for_o the_o liberal_a maintenance_n of_o the_o muse_n enrich_v with_o library_n of_o learned_a work_n adorn_v with_o pleasant_a place_n for_o the_o refresh_n of_o weary_a spirit_n garden_n grove_n walk_n river_n and_o arboret_n as_o the_o like_o such_o athens_n be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n chap._n ix_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o man_n in_o gallia_n call_v the_o equites_fw-la in_o caesar_n time_n the_o other_o sort_n of_o people_n be_v equites_fw-la or_o gentleman_n caesar_n these_o when_o there_o be_v occasion_n or_o when_o any_o war_n happen_v as_o before_o caesar_n his_o come_n be_v usual_a every_o year_n that_o either_o they_o do_v offer_v injury_n or_o resist_v injury_n be_v always_o party_n therein_o and_o as_o every_o man_n excel_v other_o in_o birth_n or_o wealth_n so_o be_v he_o attend_v with_o client_n and_o follower_n and_o this_o they_o take_v to_o be_v the_o only_a note_n of_o nobility_n and_o greatness_n the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o gall_n be_v much_o addict_v to_o religion_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n such_o as_o be_v either_o grievous_o disease_v or_o conversant_a continual_o in_o the_o danger_n of_o war_n do_v either_o sacrifice_v man_n for_o a_o oblation_n or_o vow_v the_o oblation_n of_o themselves_o use_v in_o such_o sacrifice_n the_o ministry_n of_o the_o druid_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o immortal_a deity_n can_v be_v please_v but_o by_o gâ—ving_v the_o life_n of_o one_o man_n for_o the_o life_n of_o another_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n they_o have_v public_a sacrifice_n appoint_v other_o have_v image_n of_o a_o monstrous_a magnitude_n who_o limb_n and_o part_n be_v make_v of_o osier_n be_v fill_v with_o live_a man_n and_o be_v set_v one_o fire_n the_o man_n be_v burn_v to_o death_n the_o execution_n of_o such_o as_o be_v take_v in_o theft_n or_o robbery_n or_o any_o other_o crime_n they_o think_v to_o be_v best_a please_v to_o the_o god_n but_o want_v such_o they_o spare_v not_o the_o innocent_a they_o worship_v chief_o the_o god_n mercury_n and_o have_v many_o of_o his_o image_n among_o they_o he_o they_o adore_v as_o the_o inventor_n of_o all_o art_n the_o conductor_n and_o guide_n in_o all_o voyage_n and_o journey_n and_o they_o think_v he_o to_o have_v great_a power_n in_o all_o
discomfit_v until_o he_o have_v take_v their_o camp_n and_o defeat_v they_o of_o their_o chief_a help_n which_o pompey_n feel_v to_o his_o utter_a overthrow_n for_o the_o same_o day_n he_o rout_v he_o at_o pharsalia_n he_o take_v his_o camp_n and_o enclose_v a_o hill_n with_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampler_n where_o 25000._o roman_n be_v flee_v for_o their_o safety_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o and_o so_o make_v use_n as_o he_o say_v of_o the_o benefit_n of_o fortune_n and_o the_o terror_n and_o amazement_n of_o the_o enemy_n he_o perform_v three_o notable_a service_n in_o one_o day_n and_o this_o he_o use_v with_o such_o dexterity_n and_o depth_n of_o wisdom_n that_o common_o the_o first_o victory_n end_v the_o war_n as_o by_o this_o at_o pharsalia_n he_o make_v himself_o commander_n of_o the_o east_n and_o by_o that_o at_o â—apso_fw-la he_o make_v himself_o lord_n of_o africa_n and_o by_o the_o battle_n at_o monda_n he_o get_v all_o spain_n to_o conclude_v this_o point_n i_o may_v not_o forget_v the_o like_a speed_n and_o expedition_n in_o his_o work_n in_o fifteen_o day_n he_o cast_v a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n of_o fifteen_o foot_n in_o height_n between_o the_o lake_n at_o geneva_n and_o s._n claude_v hill_n civil_a contain_v nineteen_o mile_n he_o make_v his_o bridge_n over_o the_o rhine_n in_o ten_o day_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o marseilles_n he_o make_v twelve_o galley_n and_o furnish_v they_o out_o to_o sea_n within_o thirty_o day_n after_o the_o timber_n be_v cut_v down_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o work_n with_o the_o like_a expedition_n chap._n xii_o cativulcus_n poison_v himself_o caesar_n divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n now_o whether_o ambiorix_n do_v not_o make_v head_n and_o assemble_v his_o â—orces_n of_o purpose_n caesar_n for_o that_o he_o determine_v not_o to_o fight_v or_o whether_o he_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o time_n and_o the_o suaden_a come_n of_o the_o horseman_n think_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n have_v follow_v after_o it_o remain_v doubtful_a but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o he_o send_v privy_a messenger_n about_o the_o country_n command_v every_o man_n to_o shift_v for_o himself_o and_o so_o some_o â—led_v into_o the_o forest_n arduenna_n other_o into_o since_o and_o bog_n and_o such_o as_o be_v near_o the_o ocean_n do_v hiae_fw-la themselves_z in_o such_o island_n as_o the_o tide_n do_v common_o make_v many_o forsake_v their_o country_n and_o commit_v themselves_o to_o their_o fortune_n to_o more_o stranger_n and_o unknown_a people_n cativulcus_n the_o king_n of_o the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o ebuâ—ones_n who_o be_v a_o party_n with_o ambiorix_n in_o this_o matter_n be_v now_o grow_v 〈◊〉_d and_o unable_a to_o undergo_v the_o labour_n either_o of_o war_n or_o of_o sly_v detest_a ambiorix_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o exceration_n as_o the_o author_n of_o that_o matter_n drink_v the_o juice_n of_o yew_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a store_n in_o gallia_n and_o germany_n and_o so_o die_v the_o segni_n and_o condrusi_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o number_n of_o the_o german_n that_o dwell_v between_o the_o eburones_n and_o the_o treviri_n send_v messenger_n to_o caesar_n to_o entreat_v he_o not_o to_o take_v they_o in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o that_o he_o will_v not_o adjudge_v all_o the_o german_n dwell_v on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o rhine_n to_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o cause_n for_o their_o part_n they_o never_o so_o much_o as_o think_v of_o war_n nor_o give_v any_o do_v to_o ambiorix_n caesar_n have_v examine_v the_o matter_n by_o the_o torture_n of_o the_o captive_n command_v they_o that_o if_o any_o of_o the_o eburones_n shall_v fly_v unto_o they_o to_o bring_v they_o unto_o he_o and_o in_o so_o do_v he_o will_v spare_v their_o country_n then_o divide_v his_o force_n into_o three_o part_n he_o leave_v the_o baggage_n of_o the_o whole_a army_n at_o vatuca_n a_o castle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o eburones_n where_o titurius_n and_o aurunculeius_n be_v lodge_v he_o make_v choice_n of_o this_o place_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o the_o fortification_n make_v the_o year_n before_o continue_v perfect_a and_o good_a to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v ease_v the_o soldier_n of_o some_o labour_n and_o there_o leave_v the_o fourteen_o legion_n for_o a_o guard_n to_o the_o carriage_n be_v one_o of_o the_o three_o which_o he_o have_v last_o enroll_v in_o italy_n make_v q._n tullius_n cicero_n their_o commander_n and_o with_o he_o he_o leave_v two_o hundred_o horse_n the_o army_n be_v thus_o divide_v he_o command_v titus_n labienus_n to_o carry_v three_o legion_n towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n coast_n which_o border_v upon_o the_o menapii_n and_o send_v trebonius_n with_o the_o like_a number_n of_o legion_n to_o wâ—â—â—t_n and_o harry_v that_o country_n which_o confine_v the_o aduatici_n he_o himself_o with_o the_o other_o three_o determine_v to_o go_v to_o the_o river_n scaldis_n which_o run_v into_o the_o maze_n and_o to_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o wood_n arduenna_n for_o that_o he_o understand_v that_o ambiorix_n with_o a_o few_o horseman_n be_v flee_v to_o those_o part_n at_o his_o departure_n he_o assure_v they_o that_o he_o will_v return_v after_o the_o seven_o day_n absence_n for_o at_o that_o day_n he_o know_v that_o corn_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o that_o legion_n which_o he_o have_v there_o leave_v in_o garrison_n he_o counsel_v labienus_n and_o trebonius_n to_o return_v likewise_o by_o that_o day_n if_o they_o convenient_o can_v to_o the_o end_n that_o after_o communication_n of_o their_o discovery_n and_o intelligence_n of_o the_o project_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o may_v think_v upon_o a_o new_a beginning_n of_o war_n observation_n this_o sudden_a surprise_n upon_o ambiorix_n and_o the_o treviri_n prevent_v as_o i_o have_v already_o note_v their_o make_a head_n together_o and_o put_v the_o enemy_n to_o such_o shift_n for_o their_o safety_n as_o occasion_n or_o opportunity_n will_v afford_v they_o in_o particular_a and_o albeit_o the_o treviri_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v disperse_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o overthrow_v nor_o utter_o vanquish_v but_o continue_v still_o in_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o a_o enemy_n although_o they_o be_v by_o this_o occasion_n defeat_v of_o their_o chief_a mean_n and_o therefore_o the_o better_a to_o prosecute_v they_o in_o their_o particular_a slight_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o disjoin_v he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n and_o make_v three_o several_a inroad_n upon_o their_o country_n hope_v thereby_o to_o meet_v with_o some_o new_a occasion_n which_o may_v give_v a_o overture_n of_o a_o more_o absolute_a conquest_n for_o diversity_n of_o motion_n do_v breed_v diversity_n of_o occasion_n whereof_o some_o may_v happy_o he_o such_o as_o be_v well_o manage_v may_v bring_v a_o man_n to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o desire_n but_o herein_o let_v we_o not_o forget_v to_o observe_v the_o manner_n he_o use_v in_o this_o service_n for_o first_o he_o leave_v a_o rendezvous_fw-fr where_fw-mi all_o the_o carriage_n of_o the_o army_n be_v bestow_v with_o a_o competent_a garrison_n for_o the_o safe_a keep_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n the_o soldier_n may_v be_v assure_v of_o a_o retreat_n what_o difficulty_n soever_o may_v befall_v they_o in_o that_o action_n according_a to_o that_o of_o sertorius_n sertorius_n that_o a_o good_a captain_n shall_v rather_o look_v behind_o he_o then_o before_o he_o and_o appoint_v withal_o a_o certain_a day_n when_o all_o the_o troop_n shall_v meet_v there_o again_o â—t_a rursus_fw-la as_o he_o say_v communicato_fw-la consilio_fw-la exploratisque_fw-la hostium_fw-la rationibus_fw-la aliud_fw-la in_o 〈◊〉_d belli_fw-la capere_fw-la possint_fw-la that_o after_o communication_n of_o their_o discovery_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xiii_o caesar_n send_v messenger_n to_o the_o border_a state_n to_o come_v out_o and_o sack_v the_o eburones_n there_o be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v no_o certain_a band_n or_o troup_n of_o the_o enemy_n caesar_n no_o garrison_n or_o town_n to_o stand_v out_o in_o arm_n but_o the_o multitude_n be_v disperse_v into_o all_o part_n and_o every_o man_n lie_v hide_v either_o in_o some_o secret_a and_o unknown_a valley_n or_o in_o some_o rough_a and_o woody_a place_n or_o in_o some_o bog_n or_o in_o such_o other_o place_n as_o give_v they_o hope_n of_o shelter_n or_o safety_n which_o place_n be_v well_o know_v to_o the_o state_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o matter_n require_v great_a diligence_n and_o circumspection_n not_o so_o much_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o general_a safety_n of_o the_o army_n for_o there_o can_v no_o danger_n happen_v unto_o they_o the_o enemy_n be_v all_o terrify_a and_o flee_v as_o in_o preserve_v every_o particular_a soldier_n which_o notwithstanding_o dâ—d_v in_o part_n concern_v
soldier_n to_o be_v send_v he_o with_o all_o speed_n he_o rate_v every_o city_n what_o proportion_n of_o arm_n they_o shall_v have_v ready_a and_o special_o he_o labour_v to_o raise_v great_a store_n of_o horse_n to_o extraordinary_a diligence_n he_o add_v extraordinary_a severity_n compel_v such_o as_o stand_v doubtful_a by_o hard_a and_o severe_a punishment_n for_o such_o as_o have_v commit_v a_o great_a offence_n he_o put_v to_o death_n by_o fire_n and_o torture_n lesser_a fault_n he_o punish_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o nose_n or_o their_o eye_n and_o so_o send_v they_o home_o that_o by_o their_o example_n other_o may_v be_v terrify_v by_o these_o practice_n and_o severity_n have_v speedy_o raise_v a_o great_a army_n he_o send_v lucterius_n of_o cahors_n a_o man_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o boldness_n with_o part_n of_o the_o force_n towards_o the_o rutheni_n and_o he_o himself_o make_v towards_o the_o bituriges_n upon_o his_o come_v the_o bituriges_n send_v to_o the_o hedui_n in_o who_o protection_n they_o be_v in_o require_v aid_n against_o vercingetorix_n the_o hedui_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o legate_n which_o caesar_n have_v leave_v with_o the_o army_n send_v force_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o the_o bituriges_n who_o come_v to_o the_o river_n loire_n which_o divide_v the_o bituriges_n from_o the_o hedui_n after_o a_o few_o day_n stay_v not_o dare_v to_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n return_v home_o again_o bring_v word_n to_o our_o legate_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o bituriges_n and_o so_o return_v for_o they_o know_v that_o if_o they_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o river_n the_o bituriges_n have_v inciose_v they_o in_o on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o arverni_n on_o the_o other_o but_o whether_o they_o do_v return_v upon_o that_o occasion_n or_o through_o perfidious_a treachery_n it_o remain_v doubtful_a the_o bituriges_n upon_o their_o departure_n do_v present_o join_v themseleves_fw-la with_o the_o arverni_n observation_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o such_o as_o be_v acquaint_v with_o matter_n of_o government_n soldier_n that_o there_o ought_v to_o be_v always_o a_o proportion_n of_o quality_n between_o he_o that_o command_v and_o they_o that_o obey_v for_o if_o a_o man_n of_o sardanapalus_n condition_n shall_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o charge_n of_o marius_n army_n it_o be_v like_a to_o take_v no_o better_a effect_n then_o if_o manlius_n have_v the_o lead_n of_o lascivious_a cinaedes_fw-la mariani_n and_o as_o we_o may_v observe_v in_o economical_a policy_n a_o dissolute_a master_n may_v as_o soon_o command_v hair_n to_o grow_v on_o the_o palm_n of_o his_o hand_n servant_n as_o to_o make_v a_o virtuous_a servant_n but_o the_o respect_n of_o duty_n between_o such_o relative_n do_v likewise_o infer_v the_o like_a respect_n of_o quality_n so_o in_o all_o sort_n and_o condition_n of_o command_n there_o must_v be_v sympathize_v mean_n to_o unite_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o part_n in_o the_o happy_a end_n of_o perfect_a government_n in_o this_o new_a empire_n which_o befall_v vercingetorix_n we_o may_v observe_v a_o double_a proportion_n between_o he_o and_o his_o people_n the_o first_o of_o strength_n and_o ability_n and_o the_o other_o of_o quality_n and_o resemblance_n of_o affection_n upon_o the_o assurance_n of_o which_o proportion_n he_o ground_v the_o austerity_n of_o his_o command_n for_o it_o appear_v that_o his_o first_o beginning_n be_v by_o persuasion_n and_o entreaty_n and_o will_v endure_v no_o direction_n but_o that_o which_o be_v guide_v by_o a_o loose_a and_o easy_a rein_n hold_v it_o neither_o safe_a nor_o seemly_a but_o rather_o a_o strain_n of_o extreme_a madness_n first_o to_o punish_v or_o threaten_v and_o then_o to_o want_v power_n to_o make_v good_a his_o judgement_n but_o be_v strengthen_v by_o authority_n from_o themselves_o and_o back_v with_o a_o army_n able_a to_o control_v their_o disobedience_n he_o then_o add_v punishment_n as_o the_o ensign_n of_o magistracy_n and_o confirm_v his_o power_n by_o rigorous_a command_n which_o be_v as_o necessary_a a_o demonstration_n of_o a_o well-settled_n government_n as_o any_o circumstance_n belong_v thereunto_o touch_v the_o resemblance_n and_o proportion_n of_o their_o quality_n it_o be_v manifest_o show_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n that_o every_o man_n desire_v to_o redeem_v the_o common_a liberty_n of_o their_o country_n in_o that_o measure_n of_o endeavour_n as_o be_v fit_v so_o great_a a_o cause_n among_o who_o vercingetorix_n be_v their_o chief_a commander_n summae_fw-la diligentiae_fw-la as_o the_o story_n say_v add_v summam_fw-la severitatem_fw-la liâ—ie_n to_o great_a diligence_n great_a severity_n as_o well_o assure_v that_o the_o great_a part_n will_v approve_v his_o justice_n and_o condemn_v the_o uncertainty_n of_o doubtful_a resolution_n desire_v no_o further_a service_n at_o their_o hand_n then_o that_o wherein_o himself_o will_v be_v the_o foremost_a in_o imitation_n of_o valerius_n corvinus_n factamea_n non_fw-la dicta_fw-la vos_fw-la milites_fw-la sequi_fw-la volo_fw-la nec_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la modo_fw-la sed_fw-la exemplum_fw-la etiam_fw-la à _fw-la i_o petere_fw-la i_o will_v have_v you_o o_o my_o soldier_n do_v as_o i_o do_v and_o not_o so_o much_o mind_n what_o i_o say_v and_o to_o take_v not_o your_o discipline_n only_o but_o your_o pattern_n also_o from_o i_o and_o therefore_o the_o party_n be_v like_a to_o be_v well_o uphold_v forasmuch_o as_o both_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o people_n be_v so_o far_o engage_v in_o the_o matter_n intend_v as_o by_o the_o resemblance_n of_o a_o earnest_a desire_n may_v answer_v the_o measure_n of_o due_a proportion_n chap._n iu._n caesar_n come_v into_o gallia_n and_o by_o a_o device_n get_v to_o his_o army_n these_o thing_n be_v tell_v caesar_n in_o italy_n caesar_n assoon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o matter_n in_o the_o city_n be_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o pompey_n bring_v into_o better_a state_n he_o take_v his_o journey_n into_o gallia_n and_o be_v come_v thither_o he_o be_v much_o trouble_v how_o to_o get_v to_o his_o army_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v send_v for_o the_o legion_n into_o the_o province_n he_o understand_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v certain_o fight_v withal_o by_o the_o way_n in_o his_o absence_n if_o he_o himself_o shall_v go_v unto_o they_o he_o doubt_v how_o he_o may_v safe_o commit_v his_o person_n to_o any_o although_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v yet_o in_o peace_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n lucterius_n of_o cahors_n be_v send_v against_o the_o rutheni_n do_v easy_o unite_v that_o state_n to_o the_o arverni_n and_o proceed_v further_o against_o the_o nitiobrige_n and_o the_o gabali_n he_o receive_v hostage_n of_o both_o of_o they_o and_o have_v raise_v a_o great_a power_n he_o labour_v to_o break_v into_o the_o province_n and_o to_o make_v towards_o narbo_n which_o be_v know_v caesar_n resolve_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o put_v he_o by_o that_o purpose_n and_o go_v himself_o to_o narbo_n at_o his_o come_n he_o encourage_v such_o as_o stand_v doubtful_a or_o timorous_a and_o place_v garrison_n among_o the_o rutheni_n the_o volsci_n and_o about_o narbo_n which_o be_v frontier_n place_n and_o near_o unto_o the_o enemy_n and_o command_v part_n of_o the_o force_n which_o be_v in_o the_o province_n together_o with_o those_o supply_n which_o he_o have_v bring_v out_o of_o italy_n to_o go_v against_o the_o helvii_n which_o be_v adjoin_v upon_o the_o arverni_n thing_n be_v thus_o order_v lucterius_n be_v now_o suppress_v and_o remove_v hold_v it_o to_o be_v dangerous_a to_o enter_v among_o the_o garrison_n he_o himself_o go_v towards_o the_o helvii_n and_o albeit_o the_o hill_n gebenna_n which_o divide_v the_o arverni_n from_o the_o helvii_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o hard_a time_n of_o winter_n and_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o snow_n do_v hinder_v their_o passage_n yet_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o soldier_n make_v way_n through_o snow_n of_o six_o foot_n deep_a they_o come_v into_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o arverni_n who_o be_v sudden_o and_o unaware_o suppress_v little_o mistrust_v a_o invasion_n over_o the_o hill_n gebenna_n which_o enclose_v they_o in_o as_o a_o wall_n and_o at_o that_o time_n of_o the_o year_n do_v not_o afford_v a_o path_n to_o a_o single_a man_n alone_o he_o command_v the_o horseman_n to_o scatter_v themselves_o far_o and_o near_o to_o make_v the_o enemy_n the_o more_o afraid_a these_o thing_n be_v speedy_o carry_v to_o vercingetorix_n all_o the_o arverni_n full_a of_o fear_n and_o amazement_n flock_v about_o he_o beseech_v he_o to_o have_v a_o care_n of_o their_o state_n and_o not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v sack_v by_o the_o enemy_n especial_o now_o at_o this_o time_n when_o as_o all_o the_o war_n be_v transfer_v upon_o they_o upon_o their_o instant_a entreaty_n he_o remove_v his_o camp_n out_o of_o the_o territory_n
a_o knowl_n exceed_o fortify_v and_o hard_o to_o be_v come_v unto_o on_o all_o side_n which_o if_o our_o man_n can_v get_v they_o be_v in_o hope_n to_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n both_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o water_n and_o also_o from_o free_a forage_n but_o the_o place_n be_v keep_v with_o a_o strong_a garrison_n notwithstanding_o caesar_n go_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n in_o the_o silence_n of_o the_o night_n and_o before_o any_o help_n can_v come_v out_o of_o the_o town_n he_o put_v by_o the_o garrison_n possess_v himself_o of_o the_o place_n leave_v two_o legion_n there_o to_o defend_v it_o and_o draw_v a_o double_a trench_n of_o twelve_o foot_n in_o breadth_n from_o the_o great_a camp_n to_o the_o less_o that_o single_a man_n may_v go_v safe_a to_o and_o fro_o from_o any_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o the_o enemy_n observation_n first_o we_o may_v observe_v his_o manner_n of_o pass_v over_o the_o river_n elaver_n elaver_n without_o any_o impediment_n from_o the_o enemy_n notwithstanding_o the_o care_n which_o vercingetorix_n have_v to_o hinder_v his_o passage_n which_o be_v plot_v with_o as_o great_a dexterity_n as_o can_v be_v devise_v in_o such_o a_o matter_n and_o to_o shadow_v his_o purpose_n the_o better_a that_o the_o number_n of_o legion_n march_v up_o the_o river_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v the_o same_o he_o take_v the_o four_o part_n of_o every_o cohort_n which_o in_o the_o whole_a amount_v to_o two_o legion_n cohortibus_fw-la for_o as_o i_o have_v already_o deliver_v in_o my_o former_a observation_n a_o legion_n consist_v of_o ten_o cohort_n and_o every_o cohort_n contain_v three_o maniple_n and_o every_o maniple_n have_v two_o company_n which_o they_o call_v order_n so_o that_o every_o cohort_n have_v six_o company_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o cohort_n be_v a_o company_n and_o a_o half_a and_o in_o a_o legion_n come_v to_o fifteen_o company_n and_o in_o eight_o legion_n to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o company_n which_o be_v reduce_v make_v threescore_o maniple_n which_o be_v equal_a to_o two_o legion_n and_o prove_v that_o which_o i_o have_v already_o note_v the_o fit_a and_o convenient_a disposition_n of_o their_o troop_n to_o take_v out_o at_o all_o time_n competent_a force_n for_o any_o service_n without_o seem_v to_o lessen_v any_o part_n second_o i_o observe_v the_o phrase_n which_o he_o use_v in_o this_o place_n quintis_n castris_fw-la gergoviam_fw-la pervenit_fw-la he_o come_v to_o gergovia_n at_o five_o encamp_n which_o imply_v their_o infallible_a custom_n of_o encamp_v every_o night_n within_o a_o ditch_n and_o a_o rampire_n for_o as_o we_o usual_o say_v that_o to_o such_o a_o place_n be_v so_o many_o day_n journey_n because_o a_o ordinary_a traveller_n make_v so_o many_o journey_n before_o he_o come_v thither_o so_o the_o roman_n reckon_v their_o journey_n with_o their_o army_n by_o their_o encamp_n which_o be_v as_o due_o keep_v as_o their_o journey_n and_o be_v the_o most_o signal_n part_v of_o their_o day_n journey_n chap._n xviii_o convictolitanis_n move_v the_o hedui_n to_o a_o revolt_n whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v a_o do_v at_o gergovia_n caesar_n convictolitanis_n the_o heduan_n to_o who_o the_o magistracy_n be_v adjudge_v by_o caesar_n be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o the_o arverni_n with_o money_n break_v the_o matter_n to_o certain_a young_a man_n among_o who_o litavicus_n be_v chief_a and_o his_o brethren_n be_v youth_n of_o a_o great_a house_n with_o they_o he_o treat_v at_o first_o and_o wish_v they_o to_o remember_v that_o they_o be_v not_o only_o bear_v freeman_n but_o also_o to_o empire_n and_o government_n the_o hedui_n be_v the_o only_a state_n which_o keep_v gallia_n from_o a_o most_o assure_a victory_n for_o by_o their_o authority_n and_o example_n the_o rest_n will_v be_v conclude_v which_o be_v fetch_v over_o there_o will_v be_v no_o place_n in_o gallia_n for_o the_o roman_n to_o abide_v in_o touch_v himself_o he_o have_v receive_v a_o good_a turn_n from_o caesar_n but_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o he_o have_v but_o his_o right_n but_o he_o owe_v more_o to_o the_o common_a liberty_n for_o why_o shall_v the_o hedui_n rather_o dispute_v of_o their_o custom_n and_o law_n before_o caesar_n than_o the_o roman_n come_v before_o the_o hedui_n these_o young_a man_n be_v quick_o persuade_v as_o well_o by_o the_o speech_n of_o the_o magistrate_n as_o by_o reward_n insomuch_o as_o they_o offer_v themselves_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o that_o counsel_n but_o now_o the_o mean_n be_v to_o be_v think_v on_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o state_n will_v not_o easy_o be_v draw_v to_o undertake_v that_o war_n they_o determine_v at_o last_o that_o litavicus_n shall_v have_v the_o lead_n of_o those_o ten_o thousand_o man_n that_o be_v to_o be_v send_v to_o caesar_n and_o that_o his_o brethren_n shall_v be_v send_v before_o to_o caesar_n and_o conclude_v likewise_o in_o what_o sort_n they_o will_v have_v other_o thing_n carry_v litavicus_n have_v receive_v the_o army_n when_o he_o be_v about_o thirty_o mile_n from_o gergovia_n call_v the_o soldier_n sudden_o together_o and_o weep_v whither_o do_v we_o go_v say_v he_o fellow_n soldier_n all_o our_o horseman_n and_o our_o nobility_n be_v slay_v the_o prince_n of_o our_o state_n eporedorix_n and_o viridomarus_n be_v false_o accuse_v of_o treason_n be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o roman_n without_o call_v they_o to_o their_o answer_n understand_v these_o thing_n from_o they_o that_o be_v escape_v from_o the_o slaughter_n for_o i_o myself_o my_o brethren_n and_o kinsman_n be_v slay_v be_o hinder_v with_o grief_n from_o tell_v you_o what_o have_v happen_v present_o those_o be_v bring_v forth_o who_o he_o have_v teach_v beforehand_o what_o he_o will_v have_v say_v who_o verify_v to_o the_o multitude_n those_o thing_n which_o litavicus_n have_v speak_v that_o all_o the_o horseman_n of_o the_o hedui_n be_v slay_v forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v speech_n with_o the_o arverni_n for_o themselves_o they_o be_v hide_v among_o the_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n and_o be_v escape_v out_o of_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o slaughter_n the_o hedui_n cry_v out_o all_o together_o and_o do_v beseech_v litavicus_n to_o look_v to_o himself_o and_o to_o they_o also_o as_o though_o say_v he_o the_o matter_n need_v any_o advice_n or_o counsel_n and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o we_o to_o go_v direct_o to_o gergovia_n and_o to_o join_v ourselves_o with_o the_o arverni_n for_o do_v we_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v begin_v so_o wicked_o will_v run_v present_o upon_o we_o to_o take_v away_o our_o life_n and_o therefore_o if_o there_o be_v any_o courage_n at_o all_o in_o we_o let_v we_o persecute_v their_o death_n that_o have_v perish_v so_o undeserved_o and_o let_v we_o kill_v these_o thief_n he_o show_v they_o divers_a roman_a citizen_n that_o be_v in_o the_o troop_n for_o safety_n of_o convoy_n and_o forthwith_o he_o seize_v upon_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n and_o other_o provision_n and_o torture_v they_o cruel_o to_o death_n he_o send_v out_o messenger_n throughout_o all_o the_o state_n of_o the_o hedui_n continue_v the_o same_o false_a suggestion_n touch_v the_o slaughter_n of_o the_o horseman_n and_o the_o prince_n persuade_v they_o to_o revenge_v their_o injury_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o he_o have_v do_v the_o first_o observation_n this_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o convictolitanis_n who_o a_o little_a before_o as_o we_o may_v remember_v have_v receive_v so_o great_a a_o benefit_n from_o caesar_n prove_v true_a the_o say_n of_o cornel._n tacitus_n that_o man_n be_v ready_a to_o revenge_v a_o injury_n then_o to_o requite_v a_o good_a turn_n habetur_fw-la forasmuch_o as_o gratia_n oneri_fw-la ultio_fw-la in_o quaestu_fw-la habetur_fw-la a_o good_a turn_n be_v as_o a_o burden_n and_o a_o debt_n to_o a_o man_n whereas_o revenge_n be_v reckon_v a_o gain_n the_o debt_n of_o loyalty_n and_o good_a affection_n wherein_o convictolitanis_n stand_v engage_v to_o caesar_n for_o confirm_v that_o right_a unto_o he_o which_o civil_a dissension_n have_v make_v doubtful_a together_o with_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o general_a cause_n make_v he_o so_o willing_a to_o revolt_v from_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o lieu_n of_o thankful_a acknowledgement_n to_o requite_v he_o with_o hostility_n a_o part_n so_o odious_a and_o detestable_a that_o virtue_n grieve_v to_o think_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o such_o wickedness_n or_o be_v stain_v with_o the_o infamy_n of_o so_o horrible_a a_o crime_n other_o vice_n be_v fault_n in_o special_a and_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o several_a mark_n of_o ignominy_n but_o ingratitude_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o body_n of_o evil_a and_o do_v countervail_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o hateful_a affection_n seneca_n according_a to_o that_o of_o the_o
of_o thesweetness_n of_o peace_n &_o the_o benefit_n of_o a_o civil_a life_n chap._n xxi_o caesar_n spy_v a_o occasion_n to_o advance_v the_o service_n at_o gergovia_n caesar_n suspect_v a_o great_a revolt_n of_o the_o gall_n caesar_n lest_o he_o may_v be_v hem_v in_o with_o the_o strength_n of_o all_o the_o state_n of_o gallia_n he_o enter_v into_o deliberation_n how_o he_o may_v leave_v gergovia_n and_o get_v all_o his_o army_n together_o again_o that_o his_o departure_n may_v not_o seem_v to_o rise_v from_o the_o fear_n of_o their_o revolt_n and_o thereby_o be_v think_v â—â—string_n away_o and_o as_o he_o think_v upon_o these_o thing_n he_o seem_v to_o spy_v a_o occasion_n of_o do_v somewhat_o to_o purpose_n for_o come_v into_o the_o lesser_a camp_n to_o view_v the_o work_n he_o observe_v a_o knoll_n which_o be_v keep_v by_o the_o enemy_n to_o be_v bare_a of_o man_n which_o the_o day_n before_o can_v scarce_o be_v discern_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n and_o wonder_v at_o it_o be_v inquire_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o runaway_n which_o come_v daily_o in_o great_a number_n unto_o he_o they_o all_o agree_v of_o that_o which_o caesar_n have_v before_o understand_v by_o the_o discoverer_n that_o the_o back_n of_o that_o hill_n be_v almost_o level_v but_o narrow_a and_o woody_a where_o it_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o town_n the_o gall_n do_v much_o fear_n that_o place_n for_o the_o roman_n have_v take_v one_o knoll_n if_o they_o shall_v possess_v themselves_o of_o another_o the_o gall_n be_v almost_o block_n in_o round_a about_o and_o cut_v off_o from_o forage_v or_o any_o other_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o town_n and_o therefore_o vercingetorix_n have_v call_v they_o all_o to_o fortify_v that_o place_n this_o be_v know_v caesar_n send_v many_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o that_o place_n about_o midnight_n command_v they_o to_o ride_v up_o and_o down_o all_o thereabouts_o somewhat_o tumultuous_o and_o early_o in_o the_o morning_n he_o cause_v many_o horse_n and_o mule_n for_o carriage_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o camp_n with_o horse-keeper_n upon_o they_o have_v cask_n upon_o their_o head_n the_o better_a to_o resemble_v horseman_n and_o to_o be_v carry_v round_o about_o the_o hill_n and_o to_o they_o he_o add_v a_o few_o horseman_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v spur_v out_o the_o more_o free_o and_o so_o make_v a_o better_a show_n command_v they_o all_o to_o go_v to_o the_o same_o place_n by_o a_o long_a circuit_n â—bout_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o view_n of_o the_o town_n for_o gergovia_n so_o stand_v that_o they_o may_v from_o thence_o see_v into_o the_o camp_n but_o yet_o in_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n they_o can_v not_o certain_o perceive_v what_o be_v do_v he_o send_v likewise_o one_o legion_n to_o the_o same_o hill_n and_o appoint_v they_o to_o go_v a_o little_a way_n and_o then_o to_o make_v a_o stand_n in_o a_o dale_n and_o to_o hide_v themselves_o in_o the_o wood_n the_o gall_n begin_v more_o to_o suspect_v that_o place_n and_o all_o their_o force_n be_v draw_v thither_o for_o the_o strengthen_n of_o it_o caesar_n perceive_v the_o enemy_n camp_n to_o be_v void_a of_o man_n hide_v his_o ensign_n and_o colour_n he_o draw_v the_o soldier_n by_o little_a and_o little_a out_o of_o the_o great_a into_o the_o lesser_a camp_n and_o acquaint_v the_o legate_n to_o who_o he_o have_v give_v the_o several_a legion_n in_o charge_n what_o he_o will_v have_v do_v warn_v they_o especial_o to_o keep_v in_o the_o soldier_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v out_o either_o with_o a_o desire_n of_o sight_v or_o in_o hope_n of_o booty_n he_o propound_v unto_o they_o the_o incommodity_n of_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o place_n which_o must_v only_o be_v avoid_v by_o expedition_n the_o matter_n consist_v rather_o in_o occasion_n and_o opportunity_n râ—edit_n then_o in_o fight_v the_o first_o observation_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o begin_v a_o business_n and_o to_o make_v work_n for_o many_o hand_n but_o to_o put_v it_o off_o again_o and_o to_o quit_v it_o without_o prejudice_n of_o other_o important_a respect_n be_v no_o small_a labour_n caesar_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o siege_n of_o gergovia_n and_o fear_v a_o general_a revolt_n throughout_o all_o gallia_n be_v not_o a_o little_a trouble_v how_o he_o may_v clear_v himself_o of_o that_o business_n without_o suspicion_n of_o fear_n or_o flight_n and_o gather_v all_o his_o force_n into_o one_o body_n again_o which_o he_o have_v before_o divide_v into_o two_o army_n livy_n for_o as_o marcellus_n say_v to_o fabius_n touch_v the_o siege_n of_o casselium_n multa_fw-la magnis_fw-la ducibus_fw-la sicut_fw-la non_fw-la aggredâ—enda_fw-la ita_fw-la semel_fw-la aggressis_fw-la non_fw-la dimittenda_fw-la esse_fw-la quia_fw-la magna_fw-la famae_fw-la momenta_fw-la in_o utramque_fw-la partem_fw-la fiunt_fw-la many_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v attempt_v by_o great_a captain_n so_o when_o they_o be_v once_o attempt_v they_o must_v not_o be_v leave_v unatchieve_v for_o in_o either_o their_o reputation_n be_v much_o concern_v a_o enemy_n will_v conceive_v great_a hope_n from_o such_o a_o retreat_n then_o from_o a_o great_a advantage_n and_o therefore_o a_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v as_o special_a a_o regard_n to_o the_o opinion_n which_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v hold_v of_o his_o proceed_n as_o of_o any_o part_n belong_v to_o his_o charge_n for_o fame_n be_v the_o spirit_n of_o great_a action_n and_o make_v they_o memorable_a or_o unworthy_a by_o report_n caeteris_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la in_o coâ—stare_fw-la consilia_fw-la quid_fw-la sibi_fw-la conducere_fw-la putent_fw-la principum_fw-la say_v tacitus_n diversam_fw-la esse_fw-la sortem_fw-la quibus_fw-la praecipua_fw-la rerum_fw-la ad_fw-la famam_fw-la dirigenda_fw-la other_o man_n consultation_n tend_v only_o to_o what_o may_v most_o advantage_n themselves_o prince_n have_v more_o to_o do_v to_o look_v in_o their_o management_n of_o thing_n principal_o at_o their_o honour_n and_o reputation_n wherein_o there_o can_v be_v a_o better_a rule_n for_o the_o avoid_n of_o that_o inconvenience_n then_o that_o which_o lucretius_n observe_v of_o who_o livy_n say_v id_fw-la prudenter_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o temere_fw-la suscepta_fw-la re_fw-la romanus_n fecit_fw-la quod_fw-la circumspectis_fw-la difficultatibus_fw-la ne_fw-la frustra_fw-la rempus_fw-la tereret_fw-la celeriter_fw-la abstitit_fw-la incepto_fw-la he_o do_v thus_o far_o prudent_o in_o a_o business_n rash_o undertake_v that_o when_o he_o see_v what_o difficulty_n attend_v the_o enterprise_n rather_o than_o spend_v time_n in_o vain_a he_o forthwith_o desist_v from_o his_o purpose_n for_o the_o speedy_a leave_v of_o any_o such_o enterprise_n do_v excuse_v the_o rashness_n which_o may_v be_v impute_v to_o the_o beginning_n and_o man_n be_v not_o so_o much_o blame_v for_o make_v trial_n of_o a_o ill-digested_a project_n as_o they_o be_v for_o obstinate_a continue_v in_o the_o same_o the_o second_o observation_n some_o service_n say_v caesar_n be_v res_fw-la occasionis_fw-la praelii_fw-la non_fw-la praelii_fw-la business_n of_o opportunity_n not_o of_o war_n whereof_o i_o have_v already_o dispute_v notwithstanding_o give_v i_o leave_v to_o add_v the_o mistake_n which_o often_o fall_v out_o in_o matter_n of_o opportunity_n for_o in_o view_v the_o occurrence_n of_o the_o war_n of_o these_o late_a time_n we_o may_v find_v that_o some_o hotspur_n commander_n have_v taste_v of_o the_o good_a success_n when_o occasion_n afford_v have_v think_v of_o nothing_o but_o of_o service_n asside_v with_o opportunity_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o at_o length_n they_o forget_v that_o occasion_n come_v but_o seldom_o and_o carry_v their_o man_n upon_o such_o desperate_a attempt_n as_o prove_v the_o business_n to_o be_v a_o matter_n scarce_o afford_v mean_n to_o fight_v for_o their_o life_n but_o be_v often_o swallow_v up_o with_o devour_a danger_n wherein_o they_o do_v mistake_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o service_n and_o fall_v short_a of_o caesar_n example_n for_o albeit_o he_o send_v out_o his_o man_n to_o struggle_v with_o the_o height_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o well-fortified_n camp_n yet_o he_o know_v they_o shall_v find_v little_a resistance_n by_o the_o enemy_n be_v draw_v away_o upon_o other_o occasion_n if_o they_o make_v that_o expedition_n as_o be_v requisite_a in_o this_o service_n whereby_o he_o leave_v they_o not_o without_o mean_n to_o overâ—way_o those_o difficulty_n and_o so_o make_v it_o rem_fw-la occasionis_fw-la non_fw-la praelii_fw-la a_o business_n of_o opportunity_n not_o of_o war_n chap._n xxii_o the_o roman_n make_v a_o assault_n upon_o gergovia_n these_o thing_n be_v deliver_v caesar_n he_o give_v the_o soldier_n the_o sign_n to_o begin_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o send_v out_o the_o hedui_n by_o another_o ascent_n on_o the_o right_a side_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n be_v distant_a by_o a_o right_a
safe_a into_o their_o camp_n those_o of_o the_o town_n behold_v the_o slaughter_n and_o flight_n of_o their_o friend_n be_v out_o of_o all_o hope_n draw_v back_o their_o force_n from_o the_o work_n this_o be_v know_v the_o gall_n flee_v present_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n and_o if_o the_o soldier_n have_v not_o be_v weary_v with_o that_o day_n labour_n they_o may_v easy_o have_v destroy_v all_o their_o enemy_n about_o midnight_n the_o horse_n be_v send_v out_o to_o fall_v upon_o the_o rearward_n a_o great_a number_n be_v take_v and_o slay_v the_o rest_n escape_v into_o their_o country_n observation_n it_o be_v a_o old_a say_n of_o a_o hungry_a man_n that_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o fill_v his_o belly_n then_o his_o eye_n which_o be_v as_o true_a in_o other_o case_n wherein_o our_o desire_n be_v oftentimes_o so_o great_a that_o we_o think_v no_o mean_n sufficient_a to_o accomplish_v the_o same_o but_o when_o we_o shall_v come_v to_o put_v it_o in_o trial_n and_o suffer_v every_o man_n to_o be_v measure_v with_o his_o own_o foot_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o our_o desire_n be_v better_o apply_v to_o the_o infinity_n of_o the_o mind_n then_o to_o the_o necessary_a occasion_n of_o our_o life_n vercingetorix_n be_v so_o far_o interest_v in_o the_o success_n of_o this_o war_n that_o he_o think_v all_o the_o able_a man_n of_o gallia_n not_o enough_o to_o make_v it_o happy_a unto_o he_o but_o the_o other_o prince_n that_o be_v not_o so_o deep_o touch_v and_o yet_o stand_v as_o well_o affect_v to_o the_o cause_n refuse_v to_o enroll_v all_o that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n but_o think_v two_o hundred_o forty_o and_o eight_o thousand_o man_n to_o be_v a_o competent_a force_n for_o this_o service_n but_o come_v to_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o business_n they_o employ_v only_o sixty_o thousand_o and_o when_o they_o fail_v of_o their_o endeavour_n and_o be_v rout_v and_o overthrow_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o rest_n stay_v no_o long_o to_o dispute_v the_o matter_n but_o sle_z all_o away_o by_o night_n which_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o affection_n which_o be_v forerunner_n of_o a_o cause_n and_o such_o as_o grow_v and_o increase_v with_o a_o business_n and_o be_v not_o common_o find_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o subject_n in_o their_o great_a strength_n for_o these_o antecedent_n desire_n be_v like_o woman_n long_n longing_n strong_a and_o violent_a at_o first_o but_o decay_v as_o fast_o again_o before_o they_o come_v to_o any_o ripeness_n whereas_o such_o affection_n as_o rise_v from_o the_o carriage_n of_o a_o business_n and_o grow_v from_o the_o occurrence_n of_o that_o proceed_n be_v not_o so_o easy_o abate_v but_o do_v hold_v out_o strong_a either_o for_o constancy_n or_o obstinacy_n chap._n xxxvi_o vercingetorix_n yield_v himself_o and_o the_o town_n to_o caesar_n the_o next_o day_n vercingetorix_n have_v call_v a_o council_n caesar_n tell_v they_o that_o he_o have_v not_o undertake_v that_o war_n for_o his_o own_o occasion_n but_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o common_a liberty_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v necessary_o to_o yield_v to_o fortune_n he_o make_v offer_v of_o himself_o unto_o they_o either_o to_o satisfy_v the_o roman_n with_o his_o death_n or_o to_o be_v deliver_v unto_o they_o alive_a ambassador_n be_v send_v to_o caesar_n touch_v that_o point_n he_o command_v their_o arm_n to_o be_v deliver_v and_o the_o prince_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o he_o himself_o sit_v in_o the_o fortification_n before_o the_o camp_n thither_o the_o captain_n be_v bring_v vercingetorix_n be_v deliver_v their_o weapon_n be_v cast_v out_o the_o hedui_n and_o the_o arverni_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v recover_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o state_n by_o they_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o captive_n he_o give_v throughout_o all_o the_o army_n to_o every_o man_n a_o prisoner_n by_o the_o name_n of_o a_o booty_n these_o thing_n be_v end_v he_o go_v to_o the_o heduâ—_n and_o receive_v in_o the_o state_n thither_o do_v the_o arverni_n send_v ambassador_n unto_o he_o promise_v to_o obey_v whatsoever_o he_o command_v he_o demand_v a_o great_a number_n of_o hostage_n and_o send_v the_o legion_n into_o their_o winter_v camp_n he_o send_v home_o twenty_o thousand_o captive_n to_o the_o hedui_n and_o the_o arverni_n he_o send_v t._n labienus_n with_o two_o legion_n and_o the_o horse_n into_o the_o sequani_n and_o give_v he_o m._n sempronius_n rutilius_n to_o assist_v he_o he_o lodge_v c._n fabius_n and_o lucius_n minutius_n basilius_n with_o two_o legion_n among_o the_o man_n of_o rheims_n lest_o they_o shall_v receive_v any_o damage_n by_o the_o near_a border_a bellovaci_n he_o send_v c._n antistius_n reginus_n to_o the_o ambivareti_n and_o t._n sextius_n to_o the_o bituriges_n and_o c._n caninius_n rebilus_n to_o the_o rutheni_n with_o each_o of_o they_o a_o legion_n he_o placed_z q._n tullius_n cicero_n and_o p._n sulpitius_n at_o cavillonis_n and_o matiscona_n of_o the_o hedui_n upon_o the_o river_n arar_n for_o provision_n of_o corn_n he_o himself_o determine_v to_o winter_n at_o bibract_n these_o year_n service_n be_v know_v at_o rome_n there_o be_v a_o feast_n of_o thanksgiving_n appoint_v for_o twenty_o day_n together_o observation_n vercingetorix_n notwithstanding_o a_o hard_a fortune_n entertain_v a_o noble_a resolution_n for_o have_v first_o acquaint_v the_o gall_n that_o he_o have_v not_o undertake_v that_o war_n for_o any_o respect_n to_o himself_o but_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o gallia_n and_o the_o ancient_a liberty_n of_o that_o continent_n he_o make_v offer_v to_o satisfy_v the_o angry_a roman_n with_o his_o body_n dead_a or_o alive_a plutarch_n recite_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o delivery_n to_o be_v in_o this_o sort_n caesar_n be_v arm_v at_o all_o part_n &_o mount_v on_o a_o horse_n furnish_v with_o a_o rich_a caparison_n he_o come_v to_o caesar_n &_o ride_v round_o about_o he_o as_o he_o sit_v in_o his_o chair_n of_o estate_n then_o light_v off_o his_o horse_n he_o take_v off_o his_o caparison_n and_o furniture_n and_o unarm_v himself_o and_o lay_v all_o on_o the_o ground_n and_o go_v and_o sit_v down_o at_o caesar_n foot_n and_o say_v never_o a_o word_n caesar_n at_o length_n commit_v he_o as_o a_o prisoner_n take_v in_o the_o war_n to_o be_v lead_v afterward_o in_o his_o triumph_n at_o rome_n but_o the_o civil_a war_n do_v cut_v off_o that_o solemnity_n if_o it_o be_v demand_v what_o become_v of_o these_o great_a prince_n and_o personage_n after_o the_o triumph_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o they_o do_v not_o stroke_v their_o head_n or_o make_v more_o of_o they_o then_o of_o miserable_a captive_n for_o paulus_n aemilius_n aemilius_n after_o the_o noble_a triumph_n for_o king_n perseus_n pity_v his_o fortune_n and_o desire_v to_o help_v he_o can_v never_o obtain_v other_o grace_n for_o he_o then_o only_o to_o remove_v he_o from_o the_o common_a prison_n which_o they_o call_v carcer_fw-la into_o a_o more_o cleanly_a and_o sweet_a house_n where_o be_v straight_o guard_v he_o die_v either_o by_o abstinence_n or_o be_v keep_v from_o sleep_n by_o the_o soldier_n two_o of_o his_o son_n die_v also_o but_o the_o three_o become_v a_o excellent_a turner_n or_o joyner_n and_o can_v write_v the_o roman_a tongue_n so_o well_o that_o he_o afterward_o become_v chancellor_n to_o the_o magistrate_n of_o rome_n and_o thus_o the_o roman_n deal_v with_o their_o captive_a prince_n make_v they_o example_n of_o fortune_n unconstancy_n and_o turn_v their_o diadem_n into_o shackle_n of_o iron_n and_o thus_o far_o do_v caesar_n comment_v himself_o upon_o the_o war_n he_o make_v against_o the_o gall_n be_v a_o noble_a and_o a_o worthy_a people_n and_o breed_v in_o a_o large_a and_o fertile_a continent_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o have_v in_o all_o age_n even_o to_o these_o time_n challenge_v a_o eminency_n both_o for_o politic_a government_n and_o martial_a prowess_n among_o the_o western_a kingdom_n of_o the_o world_n their_o action_n and_o carriage_n from_o time_n to_o time_n deserve_v as_o honourable_a memory_n as_o these_o war_n record_v by_o caesar_n own_o hand_n whereof_o paulus_n aemilius_n philip_n commine_v and_o of_o late_a john_n de_fw-fr seres_n be_v very_o pregnant_a witness_n they_o continue_v under_o the_o roman_a government_n four_o hundred_o forty_o and_o one_o year_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n make_v by_o john_n tillius_n reckon_v from_o the_o last_o victory_n in_o caesar_n proconsulship_n to_o the_o time_n of_o marcomerus_fw-la a_o general_n of_o the_o french_a by_o who_o prowess_n and_o mean_n they_o deny_v to_o pay_v that_o homage_n and_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n valentinianus_n which_o vercingetorix_n have_v lose_v to_o caesar_n the_o next_o summer_n service_n compile_v by_o hirtius_n i_o have_v purposely_o omit_v as_o intend_v no_o further_a matter_n
congratulation_n of_o they_o that_o have_v escape_v such_o imminent_a danger_n and_o of_o we_o that_o seem_v to_o have_v effect_v such_o great_a matter_n without_o bloodshed_n insomuch_o as_o caesar_n in_o all_o man_n judgement_n reap_v great_a fruit_n of_o his_o accustom_a clemency_n and_o mildness_n and_o his_o counsel_n be_v general_o approve_v of_o by_o all_o man_n the_o observation_n this_o chapter_n contain_v a_o passage_n of_o that_o note_n and_o eminency_n as_o the_o like_a be_v not_o read_v in_o any_o story_n for_o if_o we_o search_v the_o record_n of_o all_o nation_n lucan_n from_o the_o very_a birth_n of_o bellona_n unto_o time_n of_o late_a memory_n it_o will_v no_o where_o else_o appear_v that_o a_o general_n spare_v a_o advantage_n to_o purchase_v a_o victorious_a name_n by_o the_o bloodshed_n and_o ruin_n of_o his_o enemy_n especial_o contrary_a to_o the_o will_n and_o desire_v of_o his_o army_n that_o have_v undergo_v such_o difficulty_n and_o hazard_n to_o give_v a_o end_n to_o that_o war_n contrary_a to_o his_o knowledge_n and_o late_a experience_n of_o the_o mutability_n and_o change_n of_o time_n and_o fortune_n contrary_a to_o the_o sure_a rule_n of_o war_n dolus_fw-la a_o virtus_fw-la quis_fw-la in_o host_n requirit_fw-la valour_n or_o craft_n who_o care_v which_o in_o a_o foe_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n which_o be_v always_o bend_v against_o a_o enemy_n to_o subdue_v he_o this_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o that_o other_o part_n of_o military_a knowledge_n which_o man_n do_v rather_o admire_v then_o attain_v unto_o no_o less_o concern_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o commander_n gladio_fw-la consilio_fw-la superare_fw-la quam_fw-la gladio_fw-la to_o overcome_v by_o counsel_n and_o good_a direction_n rather_o than_o by_o the_o sword_n and_o be_v a_o main_a step_n to_o raise_v he_o to_o the_o empire_n for_o howsoever_o the_o soldier_n to_o prevent_v further_a labour_n stand_v hard_o for_o blood_n gal._n not_o respect_v that_o of_o the_o funuâ—â—â—_n comic_a omnia_fw-la prius_fw-la experiri_fw-la verbis_fw-la quam_fw-la armis_fw-la sapientem_fw-la decet_fw-la a_o wise_a man_n shall_v try_v all_o fair_a word_n before_o he_o bring_v the_o business_n to_o blow_n yet_o if_o caesar_n have_v be_v so_o injurious_a to_o nature_n niâ—â—tas_fw-la as_o to_o have_v leave_v they_o to_o their_o own_o desire_n and_o suffer_v their_o fury_n to_o have_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o humanity_n more_o than_o be_v requisite_a for_o victory_n they_o will_v afterward_o have_v loathe_v themselves_o and_o curse_a their_o sword_n for_o such_o unseasonable_a execution_n and_o may_v be_v doubt_v will_v have_v revenge_v it_o upon_o his_o head_n before_o the_o time_n come_v to_o strike_v the_o fatal_a stroke_n of_o the_o eversion_n of_o that_o state_n caesar_n esteem_v it_o also_o a_o part_n of_o divine_a power_n to_o save_v man_n by_o troop_n according_a to_o that_o of_o seneca_n 26._o haec_fw-la divina_fw-la potentia_fw-la est_fw-la gregatim_fw-la ac_fw-la publicae_fw-la seruare_fw-la it_o be_v a_o divine_a power_n that_o save_v man_n by_o troop_n and_o all_o at_o once_o and_o therefore_o he_o choose_v rather_o to_o displease_v the_o soldier_n for_o the_o present_a 〈◊〉_d then_o to_o lose_v that_o honour_n which_o attend_v the_o spare_n of_o homebred_a blood_n whereof_o foreign_a enemy_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o capable_a chap._n xxiv_o petreius_n break_v off_o the_o treaty_n and_o new_a swear_v the_o soldier_n to_o the_o party_n afranius_n be_v advertise_v of_o these_o passage_n caesâ—r_n leave_v the_o work_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v and_o withdraw_v himself_o into_o the_o camp_n prepare_v as_o it_o seem_v to_o take_v patient_o whatsoever_o shall_v befall_v he_o but_o petreius_n be_v no_o way_n dismay_v thereat_o for_o have_v arm_v his_o household_n family_n he_o go_v fly_v with_o they_o and_o a_o pratorian_a cohort_n of_o buckler-bearer_n together_o with_o some_o few_o stipendiary_a horse_n of_o the_o barbarous_a people_n who_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v about_o he_o as_o a_o guard_n to_o his_o person_n and_o come_v sudden_o and_o unlooked_a for_o to_o the_o rampire_n luc._n break_v off_o the_o soldier_n treaty_n thrust_v our_o man_n off_o from_o the_o camp_n kill_v such_o as_o he_o can_v apprehend_v the_o rest_n get_v together_o and_o affright_v at_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o danger_n wrap_v their_o coat_n about_o their_o left_a arm_n and_o with_o their_o sword_n draw_v defend_v themselves_o from_o the_o buckler-bearer_n and_o horseman_n and_o trust_v to_o the_o nearness_n and_o propinquity_n of_o their_o camp_n they_o take_v courage_n and_o get_v safe_o thither_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o cohort_n that_o have_v the_o guard_n at_o the_o camp_n gate_n this_o be_v do_v petreius_n weep_v about_o to_o the_o maniple_n call_v the_o soldier_n and_o beseech_v they_o not_o to_o leave_v &_o forsake_v he_o nor_o yet_o pompey_n their_o general_n that_o be_v absent_a nor_o to_o deliver_v they_o over_o to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o adversary_n present_o thereupon_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o soldier_n be_v about_o the_o praetory_n require_v that_o every_o man_n may_v take_v a_o oath_n not_o to_o abandon_v or_o betray_v the_o army_n or_o their_o general_n nor_o yet_o to_o enter_v into_o private_a consultation_n thereof_o without_o consent_n of_o the_o rest_n he_o himself_o first_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o this_o effect_n and_o cause_v afranius_n to_o take_v the_o same_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n follow_v in_o order_n and_o after_o they_o the_o soldier_n be_v bring_v out_o according_a to_o their_o century_n and_o be_v swear_v the_o same_o oath_n they_o cause_v it_o also_o to_o be_v proclaim_v 4._o that_o whosoever_o have_v any_o of_o caesar_n soldier_n shall_v cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v out_o and_o be_v bring_v forth_o they_o â—lew_v they_o public_o before_o the_o praetorian_a pavilion_n but_o most_o man_n conceal_v such_o as_o be_v with_o they_o and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n send_v they_o out_o over_o the_o rampire_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o terror_n wherewith_o the_o general_n have_v affright_v they_o the_o cruelty_n they_o have_v show_v in_o punishment_n together_o with_o the_o vain_a religion_n of_o the_o new_a oath_n have_v take_v away_o all_o hope_n of_o yield_v for_o the_o present_a and_o quite_o change_v the_o soldier_n mind_n have_v reduce_v the_o matter_n to_o the_o former_a course_n of_o war_n caesar_n for_o his_o part_n 4._o cause_v diligent_a inquiry_n to_o be_v make_v of_o such_o soldier_n as_o come_v into_o his_o camp_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o treaty_n and_o send_v they_o away_o in_o safety_n but_o of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o centurion_n many_o of_o their_o voluntary_a accord_n remain_v with_o he_o who_o afterward_o he_o hold_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o advance_v the_o centurion_n and_o such_o roman_a knight_n as_o be_v of_o the_o better_a rank_n to_o the_o place_n and_o dignity_n of_o tribune_n the_o afranians_n be_v sore_o lay_v unto_o in_o their_o forage_n and_o water_v likewise_o with_o great_a difficulty_n many_o of_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n have_v store_n of_o corn_n be_v command_v to_o take_v provision_n with_o they_o from_o herda_n for_o twenty_o two_o day_n but_o the_o buckler-bearer_n and_o auxiliary_a force_n have_v none_o at_o all_o have_v but_o small_a mean_n to_o provide_v and_o furnish_v themselves_o and_o their_o body_n not_o be_v use_v to_o carry_v burden_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o great_a number_n flee_v daily_o to_o caesar_n the_o first_o observation_n that_o every_o man_n be_v the_o maker_n of_o his_o own_o fortune_n be_v evident_o see_v in_o the_o several_a carriage_n of_o these_o two_o general_n for_o afranius_n give_v way_n to_o the_o soldier_n treaty_n and_o resolve_v to_o suffer_v whatsoever_o that_o transaction_n shall_v cast_v upon_o he_o but_o petreius_n oppose_v himself_o to_o their_o desire_n raise_v new_a trouble_n have_v further_a design_n and_o another_o fortune_n wherein_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o event_n of_o thing_n rise_v according_a as_o they_o be_v first_o direct_v either_o by_o weak_a or_o strong_a resolution_n it_o better_o suit_v the_o temper_n of_o soldier_n howsoever_o the_o success_n fall_v out_o with_o our_o desire_n rather_o to_o be_v stiff_o in_o what_o he_o wish_v then_o to_o make_v his_o own_o easiness_n the_o ready_a mean_n of_o his_o adversary_n happiness_n the_o second_o observation_n virtue_n at_o all_o time_n have_v have_v this_o privilege_n in_o the_o difference_n and_o degree_n of_o state_n and_o condition_n to_o make_v a_o noble_a man_n word_n equal_a to_o a_o common_a man_n oath_n but_o the_o integrity_n of_o former_a age_n have_v a_o more_o general_a prerogative_n avouch_v every_o man_n promise_n for_o the_o strictness_n a_o oath_n 538._o hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o roman_n upon_o their_o inrollment_n for_o a_o war_n give_v but_o their_o promise_n to_o
abhor_v the_o name_n of_o peace_n and_o have_v not_o keep_v the_o law_n either_o of_o treaty_n or_o truce_n for_o they_o have_v cause_v many_o simple_a man_n to_o be_v massacre_v and_o slay_v that_o be_v deceive_v by_o a_o show_n of_o treaty_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v befall_v they_o as_o it_o happen_v for_o the_o most_o part_n to_o perverse_a and_o arrogant_a person_n to_o seek_v and_o earnest_o to_o desire_v that_o which_o a_o little_a before_o they_o have_v foolish_o contemn_v neither_o will_v he_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o their_o submission_n or_o of_o any_o other_o opportunity_n of_o time_n either_o to_o augment_v his_o power_n or_o to_o strengthen_v his_o party_n but_o he_o only_o require_v that_o those_o army_n may_v be_v discharge_v which_o for_o many_o year_n together_o have_v be_v maintain_v against_o he_o for_o neither_o be_v those_o six_o legion_n for_o any_o other_o cause_n send_v into_o spain_n nor_o the_o seven_o enrol_v there_o nor_o so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a navy_n prepare_v nor_o such_o experience_a and_o skilful_a commander_n select_v and_o appoint_v for_o none_o of_o these_o need_v to_o keep_v spain_n in_o quiet_a nothing_o hereof_o be_v prepare_v for_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o province_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o long_a continuance_n of_o peace_n need_v not_o any_o such_o assistance_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v long_o ago_o provide_v in_o a_o readiness_n against_o he_o new_a form_n of_o government_n be_v make_v and_o ordain_v against_o he_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n shall_v be_v resident_a at_o the_o gate_n of_o rome_n have_v the_o whole_a superintendency_n and_o direction_n of_o the_o city_n business_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o hold_v two_o warlike_a province_n for_o so_o many_o year_n together_o be_v absent_a from_o both_o of_o they_o against_o he_o and_o for_o his_o ruin_n be_v change_v the_o ancient_a right_n and_o custom_n of_o magistracy_n in_o send_v man_n at_o the_o end_n of_o their_o praetorship_n or_o consulship_n to_o the_o government_n of_o province_n as_o be_v always_o accustom_v but_o in_o lieu_n of_o they_o be_v choose_v some_o that_o be_v allow_v and_o authorise_v by_o a_o few_o against_o he_o the_o prerogative_n of_o age_n do_v nothing_o prevail_v but_o whosoever_o they_o be_v that_o in_o former_a war_n have_v make_v good_a proof_n of_o their_o valour_n be_v now_o call_v out_o to_o command_v army_n to_o he_o only_o be_v deny_v that_o which_o be_v grant_v to_o all_o other_o general_n that_o when_o they_o have_v happy_o bring_v thing_n to_o a_o end_n they_o may_v dismiss_v their_o army_n and_o return_v home_o with_o honour_n or_o at_o the_o least_o without_o dishonour_n all_o which_o thing_n he_o notwithstanding_o both_o have_v and_o will_v suffer_v patient_o neither_o do_v he_o now_o go_v about_o to_o take_v their_o army_n from_o they_o and_o retain_v they_o in_o pay_n for_o himself_o which_o he_o may_v easy_o do_v but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v mean_n to_o make_v head_n against_o he_o and_o therefore_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o they_o shall_v go_v out_o of_o the_o province_n and_o discharge_v their_o army_n if_o they_o do_v so_o he_o will_v hurt_v no_o man_n but_o that_o be_v the_o only_a and_o last_o mean_n of_o peace_n observation_n there_o be_v not_o any_o one_o virtue_n that_o can_v challenge_v a_o great_a measure_n of_o honour_n or_o have_v more_o prerogative_n either_o among_o friend_n or_o enemy_n than_o fidelity_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o man_n be_v more_o strict_a in_o matter_n commit_v to_o their_o trust_n for_o the_o behoof_n of_o other_o laeliâ—s_n than_o they_o can_v well_o be_v if_o the_o same_o thing_n concern_v themselves_o and_o yet_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v a_o quatenus_fw-la in_o all_o endeavour_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v limit_v with_o such_o apparency_n as_o true_a affection_n may_v make_v of_o a_o good_a meaning_n and_o be_v the_o ground_n which_o afranius_n take_v to_o move_v caesar_n for_o a_o pardon_n non_fw-fr esse_fw-la aut_fw-la ipsis_fw-la aut_fw-la militibus_fw-la succensendum_fw-la quod_fw-la fidem_fw-la erga_fw-la imperatorem_fw-la cn._n pompeium_n conservare_fw-la voluerint_fw-la sed_fw-la satis_fw-la jam_fw-la fecisse_fw-la officio_fw-la satisque_fw-la supplicii_fw-la tulisse_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v angry_a either_o with_o he_o or_o the_o soldiery_n for_o be_v faithful_a to_o their_o general_n cn._n pompeius_n but_o that_o now_o they_o have_v sufficient_o do_v their_o duty_n and_o as_o thorough_o smart_v for_o the_o same_o etc._n etc._n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o a_o stile_n suit_v his_o fortune_n for_o as_o cominaeus_n have_v observe_v plut._n man_n in_o fear_n give_v reverend_a and_o humble_a word_n and_o the_o tongue_n be_v ever_o condition_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a witness_n of_o our_o fortune_n on_o the_o other_o side_n caesar_n produce_v nothing_o for_o his_o part_n but_o such_o wrong_n as_o may_v seem_v valuable_a to_o make_v good_a those_o course_n which_o he_o prosecute_v as_o first_o injury_n do_v by_o they_o and_o that_o in_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o blame_n against_o his_o soldier_n that_o go_v but_o to_o seek_v for_o peace_n injury_n do_v by_o their_o general_n in_o such_o a_o fashion_n as_o spare_v not_o to_o evert_v the_o fundamental_a right_n of_o the_o state_n to_o bring_v he_o to_o ruin_n and_o confusion_n whereby_o he_o be_v move_v to_o endeavour_v that_o which_o nature_n tie_v every_o man_n unto_o propellere_fw-la injuriam_fw-la to_o repel_v a_o injury_n from_o himself_o and_o have_v bring_v it_o to_o these_o term_n wherein_o it_o now_o stand_v offici_fw-la he_o will_v give_v assurance_n to_o the_o world_n by_o the_o revenge_n he_o there_o take_v that_o he_o enter_v into_o that_o war_n for_o his_o only_a end_n that_o he_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n and_o so_o require_v no_o more_o but_o that_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v dismiss_v chap._n xxviii_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o article_n agree_v upon_o the_o condition_n propound_v be_v most_o acceptable_a and_o please_a to_o the_o soldier_n câ—sar_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o they_o for_o be_v in_o the_o condition_n of_o vanquish_a person_n and_o thereupon_o expect_v a_o hard_a measure_n of_o fortune_n to_o be_v reward_v with_o liberty_n and_o exemption_n of_o arm_n be_v more_o than_o they_o can_v expect_v insomuch_o as_o where_o there_o grow_v a_o controversy_n of_o the_o time_n and_o place_n of_o their_o dismission_n they_o all_o general_o stand_v upon_o the_o rampire_n signify_v both_o by_o their_o speech_n and_o by_o their_o hand_n that_o their_o desire_n be_v it_o may_v be_v do_v instant_o for_o it_o can_v not_o be_v provide_v by_o any_o assurance_n that_o it_o will_v continue_v firm_a if_o it_o be_v defer_v until_o another_o time_n after_o some_o dispute_n on_o each_o side_n the_o matter_n be_v in_o the_o end_n bring_v to_o this_o issue_n that_o such_o as_o have_v house_n and_o possession_n in_o spain_n shall_v be_v discharge_v present_o and_o the_o rest_n at_o the_o river_n varus_n luc._n it_o be_v condition_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v injury_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v force_v against_o his_o will_n to_o be_v swear_v under_o caesar_n command_n caesar_n promise_v to_o furnish_v they_o with_o corn_n until_o they_o come_v to_o the_o river_n varus_n add_v withal_o that_o what_o soever_o any_o one_o have_v lose_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n which_o shall_v be_v find_v with_o any_o of_o his_o soldier_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o such_o as_o lose_v it_o and_o to_o his_o soldier_n he_o pay_v the_o value_n thereof_o in_o money_n if_o any_o controversy_n afterward_o grow_v among_o the_o soldier_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o bring_v the_o matter_n from_o time_n to_o time_n before_o caesar_n as_o when_o the_o soldier_n grow_v almost_o into_o a_o mutiny_n for_o want_v of_o pay_n the_o commander_n affirm_v the_o payday_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v petreius_n and_o afranius_n require_v that_o caesar_n may_v understand_v the_o cause_n and_o both_o party_n be_v content_v with_o his_o arbitrement_n a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o army_n be_v dismiss_v in_o those_o two_o day_n he_o command_v two_o of_o his_o legion_n to_o march_v before_o their_o army_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o follow_v after_o and_o continual_o to_o incamp_v themselves_o not_o far_o from_o they_o and_o appoint_v q._n fusius_fw-la calenus_n a_o legate_n to_o take_v the_o charge_n of_o that_o business_n this_o course_n be_v take_v they_o march_v out_o of_o spain_n to_o the_o river_n varus_n and_o there_o dismiss_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o army_n observation_n the_o river_n varus_n divide_v gallia_n narbonensis_n from_o italy_n and_o be_v think_v a_o indifferent_a place_n to_o discharge_v the_o army_n whereby_o there_o may_v be_v a_o end_n make_v of_o that_o war_n wherein_o if_o any_o man_n
desire_v to_o see_v a_o parallel_n draw_v between_o caesar_n and_o the_o other_o leader_n for_o matter_n of_o war_n it_o shall_v suffice_v to_o take_v the_o issue_n for_o a_o square_a of_o their_o direction_n civil_a be_v draw_v to_o this_o head_n within_o forty_o day_n after_o caesar_n come_v within_o sight_n of_o the_o enemy_n as_o curio_n note_v in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o soldier_n cato_n see_v the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o caesar_n against_o pompey_n say_v their_o be_v a_o great_a uncertainty_n in_o the_o government_n of_o their_o god_n allude_v peradventure_o to_o that_o of_o plato_n in_o his_o politic_n where_o he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v age_n wherein_o the_o god_n do_v govern_v the_o world_n in_o their_o own_o person_n and_o there_o be_v other_o time_n wherein_o they_o altogether_o neglect_v the_o same_o the_o world_n take_v a_o course_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o the_o god_n direct_v but_o lucan_n speak_v from_o a_o sure_a ground_n where_o he_o say_v victrix_n causa_fw-la diis_fw-la placuit_fw-la sed_fw-la victa_fw-la catoni_fw-la the_o conquer_a cause_n please_v jove_n the_o conquer_a cato_n and_o thus_o end_v the_o first_o commentary_n the_o second_o commentary_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n the_o argument_n this_o commentary_n have_v three_o special_a part_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o siege_n of_o marseilles_n the_o strange_a work_n and_o extreme_a endeavour_n to_o take_v and_o to_o keep_v the_o town_n the_o second_o express_v the_o vain_a labour_n which_o pompey_n lieutenant_n undertake_v after_o that_o afranius_n and_o petreius_n be_v defeat_v to_o keep_v the_o province_n of_o andaluzia_n out_o of_o caesar_n power_n and_o command_v and_o the_o three_o part_n consist_v of_o the_o expedition_n curio_n make_v into_o africa_n and_o end_v with_o his_o overthrow_n chap._n i._n the_o preparation_n for_o the_o siege_n as_o well_o within_o as_o without_o the_o town_n whilst_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o spain_n câ—sar_n c._n trebonius_n the_o legate_n be_v leave_v to_o besiege_v marseilles_n have_v begin_v in_o two_o place_n to_o raise_v mount_n to_o make_v mantelet_n and_o tower_n against_o the_o town_n one_o next_o unto_o the_o port_n where_o the_o ship_n lay_v and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o way_n lead_v from_o gallia_n and_o spain_n into_o the_o town_n just_a upon_o the_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o unto_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o rhosne_fw-fr for_o three_o part_n of_o marseilles_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n wash_v with_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o give_v passage_n by_o land_n whereof_o that_o part_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o castle_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o place_n and_o fortify_v with_o a_o deep_a ditch_n will_v require_v a_o long_a and_o difficult_a siege_n for_o the_o perfect_a of_o those_o work_n trebonius_n have_v command_v out_o of_o all_o the_o province_n great_a store_n of_o horse_n for_o carriage_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n require_v they_o to_o bring_v rod_n to_o make_v hurdle_n and_o other_o material_n for_o the_o work_n which_o be_v prepare_v &_o bring_v together_o he_o raise_v a_o mount_n of_o fourscore_o foot_n high_a but_o such_o be_v the_o provision_n which_o of_o ancient_a time_n they_o have_v store_v up_o in_o the_o town_n of_o all_o equipage_n and_o necessary_n for_o the_o war_n with_o such_o provision_n of_o munition_n and_o engine_n that_o no_o hurdle_n make_v of_o rod_n or_o osier_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v out_o the_o force_n thereof_o for_o out_o of_o their_o great_a balistae_fw-la they_o shoot_v beam_n of_o twelve_o foot_n long_o point_v with_o iron_n with_o such_o force_n as_o they_o will_v pierce_v through_o four_o course_n of_o hurdle_n and_o stick_v in_o the_o earth_n whereby_o they_o be_v force_v to_o roof_n their_o porticuâ—_fw-la gallery_n with_o timber_n of_o a_o foot_n square_a and_o to_o bring_v matter_n that_o way_n by_o hand_n to_o make_v the_o testudo_fw-la mount_n a_o testudo_fw-la of_o sixty_o foot_n in_o length_n be_v always_o carry_v before_o for_o the_o level_n of_o the_o ground_n make_v of_o mighty_a strong_a timber_n cover_v and_o arm_v with_o all_o thing_n which_o may_v defend_v it_o from_o fire_n and_o stone_n or_o what_o else_o shall_v be_v cast_v upon_o it_o but_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o work_n the_o height_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o tower_n together_o with_o the_o multitude_n of_o engine_n do_v retard_v and_o hinder_v the_o proceed_n thereof_o moreover_o the_o albici_n do_v make_v often_o sally_v out_o of_o the_o town_n set_v fire_n to_o the_o mount_v and_o to_o the_o turret_n which_o be_v keep_v by_o our_o soldier_n with_o great_a facility_n and_o ease_n force_v such_o as_o sally_v out_o to_o return_v with_o great_a loss_n observation_n have_v describe_v in_o the_o former_a commentary_n these_o engine_n and_o work_n here_o mention_v the_o reader_n may_v please_v for_o his_o better_a satisfaction_n to_o review_v those_o place_n as_o also_o far_o to_o note_v telum_fw-la that_o the_o word_n artillery_n be_v bring_v down_o to_o these_o age_n from_o the_o use_n of_o ancient_a engine_n which_o consist_v of_o those_o two_o primitives_n arcus_n and_o telum_fw-la and_o according_a as_o diversity_n of_o art_n and_o wit_n find_v mean_n to_o fit_v these_o to_o use_v and_o occasion_n so_o have_v they_o several_a and_o distinct_a name_n whereof_o i_o find_v chief_o these_o balistae_fw-la catapultae_n tolenones_n scorpiones_fw-la onagri_fw-la of_o each_o of_o which_o there_o be_v divers_a and_o several_a sort_n as_o first_o of_o the_o balistae_fw-la some_o be_v call_v centenariae_fw-la other_o talentariae_fw-la according_a to_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o bullet_n or_o weapon_n they_o shoot_v of_o the_o rate_n and_o proportion_n whereof_o vitruvius_n and_o his_o learned_a interpreter_n daniel_n barbarus_fw-la 17._o have_v make_v accurate_a description_n again_o some_o be_v make_v to_o shoot_v stone_n as_o appear_z by_o that_o of_o tacitus_n petrariae_fw-la magnitudine_fw-la eximia_fw-la quartaedecimae_fw-la legionis_fw-la balista_n ingentibus_fw-la saxis_fw-la hostilem_fw-la aciem_fw-la proruebat_fw-la the_o balista_n of_o the_o fourteen_o legion_n be_v a_o exceed_o great_a one_o beat_v down_o the_o army_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o huge_a stone_n and_o other_o to_o shoot_v dart_n and_o pile_n of_o timber_n head_v with_o iron_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_v by_o this_o place_n moreover_o the_o manner_n of_o bend_v of_o these_o engine_n make_v a_o difference_n some_o be_v draw_v up_o with_o a_o wrinch_n or_o screw_n and_o some_o with_o a_o wheel_n some_o have_v long_a arm_n and_o other_o have_v short_a but_o the_o string_n be_v general_o either_o all_o of_o sinew_n or_o of_o woman_n hair_n as_o strong_a and_o sure_a of_o any_o other_o kind_n 29._o of_o these_o vegetius_n prefer_v the_o balistae_fw-la and_o the_o onagri_fw-la as_o unresistable_a when_o they_o be_v skilful_o handle_v the_o word_n onagri_fw-la as_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n note_v be_v of_o a_o late_a stamp_n and_o impose_v upon_o those_o engine_n which_o former_a time_n call_v scorpiones_fw-la and_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o wild_a ass_n that_o be_v say_v to_o cast_v stone_n backward_o with_o their_o foot_n at_o the_o hunter_n with_o such_o violence_n that_o oftentimes_o they_o dash_v out_o their_o brain_n in_o the_o time_n of_o barbarism_n all_o these_o engine_n be_v general_o call_v mangonella_n as_o appear_v by_o viginâ—rius_n in_o his_o annotation_n upon_o onosander_n which_o be_v likewise_o show_v by_o that_o which_o mr._n camden_n have_v insert_v in_o the_o description_n of_o bedfordshire_n concern_v the_o siege_n of_o bedford_n castle_n in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o out_o of_o a_o author_n that_o be_v present_a mangle_v exit_fw-la parte_fw-la orientali_fw-la fuit_fw-la una_fw-la petraria_fw-la &_o duo_fw-la mangonella_n quae_fw-la quotidie_fw-la turrim_fw-la infestabant_fw-la &_o ex_fw-la parte_fw-la occidentis_fw-la duo_fw-la mangonella_n quae_fw-la turrim_fw-la veterem_fw-la contriverunt_fw-la &_o unum_fw-la mangonellum_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la australi_fw-la etc._n etc._n on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v place_v one_o engine_n to_o cast_v stone_n and_o two_o mangonel_n which_o continual_o play_v upon_o the_o tower_n and_o on_o the_o west_n side_n two_o mangonel_n which_o beat_v down_o the_o old_a tower_n and_o one_o mangonel_n on_o the_o south_n side_n etc._n etc._n but_o our_o powder_n have_v blow_v all_o these_o out_o of_o use_n it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o insist_v long_o upon_o they_o chap._n ii_o the_o marseillian_o prepare_v themselves_o for_o a_o sea-fight_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n caesar_n l._n nasidius_n be_v send_v by_o cn._n pompeius_n with_o a_o navy_n of_o sixteen_o ship_n among_o which_o some_o few_o have_v their_o beak-head_n of_o iron_n to_o the_o succour_n and_o supply_v of_o l._n domitius_n and_o the_o marseillian_o he_o pass_v the_o straits_n of_o sicily_n messinâ—_n before_o curio_n have_v intelligence_n thereof_o and_o put_v
multitude_n run_v out_o to_o hear_v the_o news_n which_o be_v once_o know_v there_o be_v such_o a_o general_a mourning_n and_o desolation_n as_o though_o the_o town_n be_v instant_o to_o be_v take_v by_o the_o enemy_n notwithstanding_o they_o leave_v not_o off_o to_o make_v ready_a such_o necessary_n as_o be_v requisite_a for_o defence_n of_o the_o same_o observation_n the_o benefit_n a_o town_n besiege_v receive_v from_o a_o open_a inlet_n by_o sea_n can_v be_v better_a manifest_v then_o by_o the_o siege_n of_o ostend_n for_o by_o that_o occasion_n special_o it_o endure_v the_o most_o famous_a siege_n that_o be_v in_o christendom_n these_o many_o year_n this_o l._n nasidius_n be_v rather_o a_o constant_a friend_n to_o the_o cause_n than_o a_o fortunate_a admiral_n for_o afterward_o he_o refuse_v not_o to_o take_v the_o like_a overthrow_n for_o pompey_n the_o son_n cassius_n at_o leucades_n as_o he_o do_v now_o for_o the_o father_n and_o sure_o it_o fall_v out_o whether_o it_o be_v through_o the_o uncertainty_n of_o seafaring_a matter_n mare_fw-la or_o that_o man_n have_v fair_a pretence_n at_o sea_n to_o avoid_v occasion_n of_o hazard_n then_o be_v find_v at_o land_n or_o that_o pauca_fw-la digna_fw-la nascuntur_fw-la in_o mari_n annal._n few_o thing_n of_o value_n come_v from_o the_o sea_n according_a to_o the_o proverb_n or_o for_o what_o other_o cause_n i_o know_v not_o that_o there_o be_v few_o of_o those_o which_o seek_v honour_n in_o this_o kind_n who_o have_v attain_v the_o least_o part_n of_o their_o desire_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o some_o there_o be_v of_o famous_a memory_n as_o soliman_n barbarussa_n a_o terror_n of_o the_o levant_n sea_n andrea_n auria_n of_o genua_n renown_v for_o his_o great_a exploit_n upon_o the_o turk_n together_o with_o divers_a of_o our_o own_o nation_n as_o namely_o sir_n francis_n drake_n who_o for_o skill_n and_o fortune_n at_o sea_n be_v hold_v matchable_a with_o any_o other_o whatsoever_o beside_o mr._n candish_n for_o voyage_n to_o the_o south_n and_o sir_n martin_n frobisher_n for_o discovery_n to_o the_o north._n howbeit_o these_o late_a time_n have_v advantage_n without_o comparison_n of_o former_a age_n through_o the_o invention_n of_o the_o sea-compass_n with_o the_o needle_n which_o be_v find_v out_o little_o more_o than_o three_o hundred_o year_n ago_o by_o one_o flavus_n bear_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n without_o which_o no_o ship_n can_v shape_v a_o course_n in_o the_o ocean_n and_o to_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v more_o than_o to_o find_v a_o perfect_a and_o ready_a direction_n for_o longitude_n chap._n four_o the_o work_n which_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n make_v against_o the_o town_n it_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o legionary_a soldier_n caesar_n that_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o right_a part_n of_o the_o work_n that_o it_o will_v much_o advantage_v they_o against_o the_o often_o eruption_n and_o sally_n of_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o build_v a_o tower_n of_o brick_n under_o the_o town_n wall_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o hold_v or_o receptacle_n which_o at_o first_o they_o make_v low_a and_o little_a only_o for_o the_o repel_v of_o sudden_a assault_n thither_o they_o usual_o retreat_v and_o from_o thence_o if_o they_o be_v overcharge_v they_o make_v defence_n either_o by_o beat_v back_o or_o prosecute_a a_o enemy_n this_o tower_n be_v thirty_o foot_n square_a and_o the_o wall_n thereof_o five_o foot_n thick_a but_o afterward_o as_o use_n and_o experience_n be_v the_o master_n of_o all_o thing_n it_o be_v find_v by_o insight_n and_o industry_n of_o man_n that_o this_o tower_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n if_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o any_o height_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v in_o this_o fashion_n when_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o story_n they_o so_o frame_v the_o floor_n that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foist_n do_v not_o â—ittâ—e_v out_o beyond_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tower_n lest_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v thrust_v out_o on_o which_o the_o fire_n which_o the_o enemy_n shall_v cast_v may_v take_v hold_v and_o then_o pave_v that_o floor_n with_o as_o much_o brick_n as_o the_o mantelet_n and_o gabion_n will_v suffer_v to_o be_v lay_v upon_o this_o terrace_n thus_o make_v they_o lay_v cross_a beam_n along_o the_o side_n as_o a_o foundation_n to_o a_o upper_a story_n for_o the_o top_n and_o cover_v of_o the_o tower_n and_o upon_o these_o beam_n they_o raise_v cross_a timber_n thwart_v each_o other_o for_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o couple_v they_o at_o the_o top_n with_o side_n beam_n these_o cross_a timber_n be_v long_o and_o bare_a further_o out_o then_o the_o square_a of_o the_o tower_n that_o there_o may_v be_v mean_n to_o fasten_v cover_n and_o defence_n against_o the_o blow_n and_o dart_n of_o the_o enemy_n while_o the_o workman_n be_v finish_v the_o wall_n and_o side_n of_o that_o build_n the_o top_n or_o upper_a story_n of_o this_o tower_n they_o likewise_o pave_v with_o brick_n and_o clay_n that_o no_o fire_n may_v fasten_v on_o it_o and_o lay_v matteress_n on_o the_o top_n thereof_o to_o the_o end_n the_o floor_n may_v not_o be_v break_v with_o any_o weapon_n shoot_v out_o of_o engine_n nor_o the_o pavement_n shiver_v in_o piece_n with_o stone_n cast_v out_o of_o catapult_n moreover_o they_o make_v three_o netting_n or_o mat_n of_o hawser_n equal_a in_o length_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o four_o foot_n in_o breadth_n and_o upon_o those_o three_o side_n which_o confront_v the_o enemy_n they_o fasten_v they_o upon_o pole_n to_o hang_v before_o the_o tower_n which_o kind_n of_o defence_n they_o have_v in_o other_o place_n try_v to_o bâ—_n of_o proof_n and_o not_o to_o be_v pierce_v with_o any_o weapon_n or_o engine_n and_o as_o one_o part_n of_o the_o tower_n come_v to_o be_v cover_v finish_v and_o fortify_v against_o any_o violence_n of_o the_o enemy_n they_o carry_v their_o mantelet_n and_o defence_n to_o the_o rest_n unfinished_a the_o top_n of_o which_o tower_n they_o frame_v upon_o the_o first_o story_n and_o then_o raise_v it_o up_o with_o wrinche_z or_o screw_n as_o far_o as_o the_o close_a net_n will_v serve_v they_o for_o a_o defence_n and_o so_o cover_v with_o these_o shelter_n and_o safeguard_n they_o build_v up_o the_o side_n with_o brick_n and_o then_o again_o scrue_v up_o the_o top_n high_o they_o fit_v the_o place_n to_o build_v the_o side_n high_a and_o as_o they_o come_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o story_n they_o lay_v the_o joyst_n of_o the_o floor_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o end_n thereof_o be_v hide_v and_o cover_v with_o the_o wall_n or_o side_n that_o be_v of_o brick_n and_o so_o from_o that_o story_n they_o proceed_v to_o another_o by_o scrue_v up_o the_o top_n and_o raise_v their_o net_n by_o which_o mean_v they_o build_v very_o safe_o six_o story_n without_o any_o wound_n or_o other_o danger_n at_o all_o and_o leave_v window_n and_o loophole_n in_o the_o side_n for_o the_o put_v out_o of_o engine_n in_o such_o place_n as_o they_o think_v convenient_a when_o by_o mean_n of_o that_o tower_n they_o be_v in_o hope_n to_o defend_v the_o work_n near_o about_o it_o they_o then_o make_v a_o musculum_n or_o mouse_n of_o sixty_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o of_o two_o foot_n timber_n square_a to_o convey_v they_o safe_o from_o this_o tower_n of_o brick_n to_o another_o of_o the_o enemy_n and_o to_o the_o town_n wall_n whereof_o this_o be_v the_o form_n they_o cut_v two_o side_n groundsil_n of_o equal_a length_n and_o make_v the_o space_n between_o they_o to_o contain_v four_o foot_n upon_o they_o they_o erect_v little_a column_n of_o five_o foot_n high_a and_o join_v they_o together_o put_v brace_n of_o a_o easy_a slope_v in_o such_o distance_n as_o the_o rafter_n be_v to_o be_v place_v to_o bear_v up_o the_o roof_n and_o upon_o those_o brace_n they_o lay_v rafter_n of_o two_o foot_n square_a fasten_v they_o both_o at_o the_o ridge_n and_o at_o the_o eaving_n with_o plate_n and_o bolt_n of_o iron_n they_o lathe_v the_o roof_n with_o lath_n of_o four_o finger_n broad_a and_o so_o the_o building_n be_v make_v with_o a_o gable-ridge_n handsome_o fashion_v the_o top_n be_v lay_v all_o over_o with_o clay_n to_o keep_v the_o mouse_n from_o burn_v and_o then_o cover_v with_o tile_n which_o be_v fence_v with_o leather_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v not_o be_v wash_v away_o with_o pipe_n or_o gutter_n of_o water_n which_o may_v be_v lay_v to_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o lest_o those_o hide_n shall_v be_v spoil_v either_o with_o fire_n or_o great_a stone_n they_o lay_v matteress_n upon_o they_o this_o work_n be_v whole_o finish_v near_o unto_o the_o tower_n through_o the_o help_n and_o mean_n of_o defensive_a mantelet_n &_o gabions_z suddenly_z before_z
few_o day_n labour_v re-edify_v and_o finish_v whereby_o there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v to_o practice_v deceit_n or_o to_o sally_v out_o with_o advantage_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o mean_n leave_v by_o which_o they_o can_v prevail_v either_o by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o hurt_v our_o soldier_n or_o by_o fire_n to_o consume_v our_o work_n and_o understand_v likewise_o that_o by_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o fortification_n all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o town_n which_o have_v passage_n and_o access_n from_o the_o firm_a land_n may_v be_v encompass_v with_o a_o wall_n and_o with_o tower_n that_o their_o soldier_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o stand_v upon_o their_o work_n and_o perceive_v withal_o that_o our_o army_n have_v raise_v a_o counter-mure_n against_o the_o wall_n of_o their_o town_n and_o that_o weapon_n may_v be_v cast_v by_o hand_n unto_o they_o that_o the_o use_n of_o their_o engine_n wherein_o they_o much_o trust_v be_v by_o the_o nearness_n of_o space_n quite_o take_v away_o and_o last_o that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o confront_v our_o man_n upon_o equal_a term_n from_o their_o wall_n and_o from_o their_o turret_n they_o descend_v to_o the_o same_o article_n of_o rendry_a and_o submission_n as_o be_v former_o agree_v upon_o the_o first_o observation_n hence_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o a_o general_n can_v be_v too_o secure_a of_o a_o enemy_n that_o stand_v upon_o term_n to_o render_v up_o a_o place_n for_o the_o action_n be_v but_o voluntary_a by_o constraint_n if_o haply_o the_o constrain_a force_n be_v remove_v then_o that_o do_v cease_v which_o be_v voluntary_a and_o so_o it_o come_v by_o consequent_a to_o a_o refusal_n as_o appear_v by_o this_o passage_n of_o the_o marseillian_o who_o be_v bring_v into_o hard_a term_n as_o well_o by_o their_o two_o overthrow_n at_o sea_n whence_o they_o expect_v no_o further_a succour_n as_o also_o by_o the_o siege_n lay_v so_o close_o by_o land_n where_o they_o be_v so_o violent_o assault_v that_o their_o tower_n of_o defence_n make_v passage_n for_o the_o roman_n to_o enter_v upon_o they_o do_v nevertheless_o upon_o cessation_n of_o those_o enforcement_n alter_v their_o purpose_n and_o entertain_v new_a hope_n which_o make_v good_a that_o say_n timâ—o_n danaos_n &_o dona_fw-la ferentes_fw-la i_o fear_v the_o greek_n even_o when_o they_o bring_v their_o gift_n the_o second_o observation_n second_o 〈◊〉_d we_o may_v observe_v that_o a_o will_n forward_o to_o undergo_v labour_n do_v never_o stick_v at_o any_o difficulty_n nor_o be_v at_o all_o dismay_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o any_o pain_n but_o be_v rather_o redouble_v in_o courage_n and_o industry_n especial_o be_v edge_v on_o with_o a_o desire_n of_o revenge_n polyaenus_n which_o if_o homer_n may_v have_v credit_n do_v always_o add_v a_o three_o part_n to_o a_o man_n strength_n as_o appear_v by_o diomedes_n 5._o be_v hurt_v in_o the_o shoulder_n with_o one_o of_o pindarus_n arrow_n for_o revenge_n whereof_o he_o exceed_v himself_o in_o a_o sesquiterce_n proportion_n of_o valour_n and_o slay_v more_o trojan_n by_o a_o three_o part_n then_o otherwise_o he_o can_v howsoever_o possit_fw-la as_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o hard_a but_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o mind_n so_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o easy_a as_o to_o dispossess_v ourselves_o of_o that_o intent_n care_v which_o be_v requisite_a in_o these_o employment_n for_o these_o roman_n that_o through_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o spirit_n have_v make_v such_o first_o and_o second_o work_n hispanico_fw-la as_o the_o memory_n thereof_o will_v last_v with_o the_o world_n be_v surprise_v when_o they_o lie_v in_o the_o interim_n as_o it_o be_v unbend_v in_o as_o great_a remissness_n and_o neglect_n howsoever_o draw_v unto_o it_o by_o deceit_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v able_a to_o do_v no_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v here_o report_v and_o therefore_o it_o behove_v a_o commander_n to_o keep_v his_o army_n always_o season_v with_o labour_n vegetius_n forasmuch_o as_o exercitus_fw-la labour_v proficit_fw-la otio_fw-la consenescit_fw-la a_o army_n thrive_v by_o employment_n but_o grow_v old_a by_o idleness_n chap._n vii_o varro_n raise_v great_a troop_n to_o maintain_v pompey_n party_n in_o spain_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n marcus_z varro_z caesar_n in_o the_o further_a province_n of_o spain_n have_v from_o the_o beginning_n understand_v how_o thing_n have_v pass_v in_o italy_n and_o distrust_v how_o matter_n will_v succeed_v with_o pompey_n do_v oftentimes_o give_v out_o very_o friendly_a speech_n of_o caesar_n that_o pompey_n have_v by_o way_n of_o prevention_n gain_v he_o to_o his_o party_n and_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o lieutenancie_n whereby_o he_o be_v oblige_v in_o duty_n to_o he_o howbeit_o in_o his_o particular_a disposition_n he_o stand_v no_o less_o affect_v to_o caesar_n neither_o be_v he_o ignorant_a of_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o legate_n to_o who_o trust_n and_o fidelity_n the_o government_n of_o the_o province_n be_v leave_v obtinebat_fw-la as_o in_o deposito_fw-la upon_o condition_n to_o be_v render_v up_o at_o all_o time_n and_o season_n as_o he_o that_o command_v in_o chief_a shall_v require_v it_o he_o likewise_o know_v very_o well_o what_o his_o own_o force_n be_v and_o what_o be_v the_o affection_n and_o disposition_n of_o all_o the_o country_n towards_o câ—sar_n this_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o all_o his_o speech_n without_o any_o show_n of_o incline_v either_o to_o the_o one_o or_o to_o the_o other_o but_o afterward_o when_o he_o hear_v that_o caesar_n be_v engage_v at_o marscille_n that_o petreius_n force_n be_v join_v with_o afranius_n army_n that_o great_a aide_n be_v come_v unto_o they_o that_o every_o man_n be_v in_o great_a hope_n and_o expectation_n of_o good_a success_n and_o that_o all_o the_o hither_o province_n have_v agree_v together_o to_o undertake_v pompey_n cause_n as_o also_o what_o have_v after_o happen_v concern_v the_o want_n of_o victual_n at_o ileâ—da_n all_o which_o thing_n be_v write_v with_o advantage_n unto_o he_o by_o afranius_n he_o then_o upon_o that_o alteration_n change_v his_o mind_n according_a to_o the_o time_n and_o levy_v soldier_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o province_n and_o have_v raise_v two_o complete_a legion_n he_o add_v unto_o they_o some_o thirty_o cohort_n of_o the_o country_n soldier_n to_o serve_v for_o wing_n to_o the_o army_n and_o gather_v together_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n as_o well_o for_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o marsâ—illians_n as_o for_o the_o provision_n of_o petreius_n and_o afranius_n moreover_o he_o command_v they_o of_o gades_n to_o build_v and_o provide_v ten_o galley_n and_o order_v further_o that_o many_o other_o shall_v be_v make_v at_o hispalis_n he_o take_v all_o the_o money_n and_o the_o ornament_n out_o of_o hercules_n temple_n and_o bring_v the_o same_o into_o the_o town_n of_o gades_n and_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o send_v six_o cohort_n out_o of_o the_o province_n to_o keep_v the_o temple_n he_o make_v caius_n gallonius_n a_o roman_a knight_n and_o a_o familiar_a friend_n of_o domitius_n and_o send_v by_o he_o thither_o to_o recover_v some_o matter_n of_o inheritance_n governor_n of_o the_o town_n all_o the_o army_n as_o well_o private_a as_o public_a be_v bring_v into_o gallonius_n house_n he_o himself_o make_v many_o bitter_a invective_n against_o caesar_n affirm_v in_o public_a that_o caesar_n have_v be_v several_a time_n worsted_n and_o that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v revolt_v from_o he_o and_o be_v come_v to_o afranius_n which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o certain_a and_o approve_a messenger_n the_o roman_a citizen_n reside_v in_o that_o province_n be_v much_o perplex_a and_o affright_v thereat_o be_v thereupon_o constrain_v to_o promise_v he_o 190_o thousand_o sesterce_n in_o ready_a money_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o commonweal_n beside_o twenty_o thousand_o weight_n of_o silver_n together_o with_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o bushel_n of_o wheat_n upon_o those_o city_n and_o state_n which_o favour_v caesar_n party_n he_o lay_v great_a imposition_n for_o such_o as_o have_v let_v fall_v speech_n or_o declare_v themselves_o against_o the_o commonweal_n he_o confiscate_v all_o their_o good_n and_o put_v a_o garrison_n upon_o they_o give_v judgement_n himself_o upon_o private_a person_n and_o constrain_a all_o the_o province_n to_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o to_o pompey_n and_o be_v in_o the_o end_n advertise_v what_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o hither_o province_n he_o prepare_v for_o war_n with_o a_o purpose_n to_o dispose_v thereof_o in_o this_o manner_n his_o resolution_n be_v to_o keep_v two_o legion_n with_o he_o at_o gades_n with_o all_o the_o ship_n and_o the_o corn_n for_o know_v that_o the_o whole_a province_n do_v entire_o affect_v caesar_n cause_n he_o think_v it_o best_a and_o easy_a for_o he_o have_v make_v good_a provision_n
of_o the_o reason_n hear_v express_v by_o caesar_n which_o be_v the_o true_a motive_n of_o undertake_v a_o siege_n the_o first_o be_v draw_v either_o from_o the_o weakness_n of_o a_o enemy_n or_o as_o he_o be_v daunt_v with_o fear_n or_o overcome_v in_o battle_n for_o have_v thereupon_o no_o confidence_n in_o his_o own_o power_n he_o rest_v himself_o in_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n which_o he_o hold_v and_o possess_v which_o give_v his_o adversary_n occasion_n to_o lay_v siege_n unto_o his_o hold_n and_o either_o to_o force_v they_o or_o shut_v they_o up_o like_o woman_n the_o second_o be_v when_o one_o state_n have_v offer_v injury_n to_o another_o which_o always_o import_v loss_n beyond_o that_o which_o stand_v with_o the_o course_n of_o respect_n former_o hold_v between_o they_o for_o revenge_v whereof_o the_o other_o side_n lay_v siege_n to_o some_o of_o their_o town_n to_o repair_v themselves_o by_o take_v in_o the_o same_o and_o three_o the_o final_a cause_n of_o all_o siege_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o enemy_n from_o victual_n and_o other_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o so_o to_o take_v they_o by_o the_o belly_n when_o they_o can_v take_v they_o by_o the_o ear_n which_o be_v a_o part_n so_o violent_a in_o require_v that_o which_o be_v due_a to_o nature_n as_o it_o have_v make_v the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n fall_v out_o for_o a_o mouse_n as_o it_o happen_v at_o athens_n plâ—taâ—ch_n besiege_v by_o demetrius_n the_o second_o observation_n the_o second_o thing_n worthy_a our_o consideration_n be_v the_o patience_n and_o deportment_n of_o caesar_n soldier_n in_o their_o so_o great_a want_n and_o necessity_n as_o first_o in_o help_v themselves_o with_o this_o root_n call_v chara_n 59_o describe_v by_o dioscorides_n to_o be_v a_o little_a seed_n taste_v somewhat_o like_o anise-seed_n good_a to_o help_v digestion_n and_o have_v such_o a_o root_n as_o a_o caret_fw-la which_o be_v boil_v be_v very_o good_a meat_n and_o be_v the_o same_o which_o our_o physician_n call_v caraway-seed_n est_fw-la wherewith_o they_o serve_v their_o turn_n with_o such_o contentment_n as_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v train_v up_o in_o the_o school_n of_o frugality_n a_o virtue_n worthy_a of_o all_o regard_n and_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o make_v easy_a the_o difficulty_n of_o war_n justin_n be_v as_o necessary_a for_o a_o soldier_n water_n as_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v aim_v at_o in_o the_o answer_n of_o cyrus_n to_o show_v the_o service_n in_o a_o soldier_n diet_n forbeing_n demand_v xenophon_n what_o he_o will_v have_v make_v ready_a for_o supper_n bread_n say_v he_o for_o we_o will_v sup_v at_o the_o fountain_n neither_o have_v it_o be_v thought_n fit_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o natural_a looseness_n of_o the_o stomach_n appetite_n upon_o any_o occasion_n but_o to_o use_v the_o like_a moderation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o plenty_n for_o zeno_n take_v the_o answer_n of_o they_o that_o will_v excuse_v their_o liberal_a expense_n by_o their_o ability_n of_o mean_n for_o no_o better_a paâ—ment_n than_o they_o themselves_o will_v have_v take_v the_o excuse_n of_o their_o cook_n for_o put_v too_o much_o salt_n on_o their_o meat_n because_o they_o have_v salt_n enough_o caesar_n punish_v his_o baker_n for_o give_v he_o better_a bread_n than_o his_o soldier_n have_v and_o scipio_n cashier_v a_o couple_n of_o roman_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o carthage_n for_o feast_v a_o friend_n in_o their_o tent_n during_o a_o assault_n which_o austerity_n of_o life_n raise_v the_o roman_n to_o that_o height_n of_o honour_n and_o make_v they_o master_n of_o the_o world_n from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o western_a ocean_n second_o as_o a_o consequent_a of_o this_o contentment_n we_o may_v note_v their_o resolution_n to_o hold_v on_o their_o course_n of_o siege_n purpose_v rather_o to_o eat_v the_o bark_n of_o tree_n agapâ—tus_fw-la then_o to_o suffer_v pompey_n to_o escape_v their_o hand_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a point_n in_o a_o general_n to_o keep_v himself_o from_o irresolution_n be_v a_o weakness_n of_o ill_a consequence_n and_o not_o unlike_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o stagger_n variable_a uncertain_a and_o without_o bottom_n or_o bind_v whereas_o constancy_n to_o purpose_n produce_v noble_a and_o worthy_a end_n a_o instance_n whereof_o be_v fabius_n maximus_n who_o notwithstanding_o the_o reproach_n and_o scandal_n cast_v upon_o he_o enn._n continue_v firm_a in_o his_o determination_n to_o the_o save_n of_o his_o country_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o well_o beseem_v a_o leader_n it_o be_v of_o much_o more_o regard_n in_o the_o soldier_n especial_o consider_v that_o of_o xenophon_n non_fw-la facile_fw-la in_o officio_fw-la potest_fw-la mile_n contineri_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la qui_fw-la necessaria_fw-la non_fw-la subministrat_fw-la he_o can_v easy_o keep_v his_o soldier_n in_o obedience_n which_o do_v not_o provide_v they_o necessary_n cyropaed_n for_o as_o the_o same_o author_n observe_v in_o another_o place_n nullus_fw-la est_fw-la adâ—o_fw-la fortis_fw-la aut_fw-la validus_fw-la qui_fw-la possit_fw-la adversus_fw-la famem_fw-la aut_fw-la frigus_fw-la pugnando_fw-la militare_fw-la there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o stout_a and_o valorous_a that_o can_v fight_v against_o cold_a and_o hunger_n the_o three_o observation_n among_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n their_o watch_n deserve_v a_o particular_a description_n supply_v in_o the_o army_n the_o office_n of_o the_o natural_a eye_n in_o the_o body_n which_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o any_o approach_a danger_n for_o the_o prevent_n of_o the_o same_o polybius_n have_v leave_v it_o to_o posterity_n in_o this_o manner_n of_o each_o sort_n of_o the_o legionary_a foot_n as_o namely_o the_o hastati_fw-la principes_fw-la and_o triarii_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o horse_n there_o be_v choose_v one_o out_o of_o the_o ten_o and_o last_o maniple_n that_o be_v make_v free_a from_o watch_n and_o ward_n this_o party_n as_o the_o sun_n begin_v to_o decline_v come_v daily_o to_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o tribune_n and_o there_o have_v give_v he_o a_o little_a tablet_n wherein_o the_o watchword_n be_v write_v which_o tablet_n they_o call_v tessera_fw-la and_o then_o return_v to_o his_o company_n deliver_v it_o to_o the_o centurion_n of_o the_o next_o maniple_n and_o that_o centurion_n to_o the_o next_o and_o so_o in_o order_n until_o it_o come_v to_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a company_n which_o be_v lodge_v next_o unto_o the_o tribune_n and_o by_o the_o centurion_n thereof_o be_v return_v to_o the_o tribune_n before_o sunsetting_a and_o if_o all_o the_o tablet_n be_v bring_v in_o than_o do_v the_o tribune_n know_v the_o word_n be_v give_v to_o all_o if_o any_o want_v they_o make_v inquiry_n and_o by_o the_o note_n of_o inscription_n find_v which_o be_v miss_v they_o punish_v the_o default_n as_o they_o see_v cause_n and_o this_o be_v their_o watchword_n by_o which_o their_o party_n be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o enemy_n and_o in_o likelihood_n for_o polybius_n do_v not_o affirm_v so_o much_o be_v by_o the_o centurion_n give_v to_o such_o of_o his_o maniple_n as_o be_v to_o watch_v that_o night_n their_o night-watche_n be_v thus_o order_v a_o maniple_n or_o company_n be_v always_o appoint_v to_o watch_v at_o the_o general_n pavilion_n the_o treasurer_n have_v three_o watch_n and_o every_o legate_n two_o a_o watch_n consist_v of_o four_o man_n according_a to_o the_o general_a division_n of_o their_o night_n into_o four_o part_n each_o of_o those_o four_o have_v his_o turn_n appoint_v he_o by_o lot_n for_o the_o first_o second_o three_o or_o four_o watch_n and_o the_o rest_n sit_v by_o the_o velite_n keep_v watch_v without_o the_o camp_n and_o the_o decury_n of_o horse_n at_o the_o gate_n beside_o every_o maniple_n have_v private_a watch_n within_o itself_o of_o those_o that_o be_v appoint_v to_o watch_v a_o lieutenant_n of_o each_o maniple_n do_v bring_v to_o the_o tribune_n in_o the_o evening_n such_o as_o be_v to_o keep_v the_o first_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n and_o to_o they_o be_v deliver_v lesser_a tablet_n than_o be_v give_v out_o at_o first_o call_v tesserulae_n appropriate_v to_o every_o particular_a watch_n one_o for_o himself_o and_o three_o other_o for_o his_o fellow_n the_o trust_n of_o giong_a the_o round_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o horseman_n for_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o first_o commander_n of_o horse_n in_o each_o legion_n to_o give_v order_n to_o his_o lieutenant_n to_o appoint_v before_o dinner_n four_o young_a man_n of_o his_o troup_n to_o go_v the_o round_a the_o next_o night_n and_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o acquaint_v the_o next_o commander_n to_o appoint_v rounder_n for_o the_o night_n follow_v these_o horseman_n be_v thus_o appoint_v do_v cast_v lot_n for_o the_o first_o second_o three_o and_o four_o watch_n and_o then_o repair_v to_o the_o tribune_n of_o who_o they_o have_v order_n
legion_n that_o have_v lose_v many_o centurion_n and_o be_v very_o weak_a in_o soldier_n towards_o pompey_n legion_n and_o the_o lesser_a camp_n in_o a_o double_a battle_n neither_o do_v his_o opinion_n deceive_v he_o for_o he_o come_v thither_o before_o pompey_n can_v perceive_v it_o and_o albeit_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o camp_n be_v great_a yet_o assault_v it_o speedy_o with_o the_o left_a cornet_n wherein_o he_o himself_o be_v he_o drive_v pompey_n soldier_n from_o the_o rampire_n there_o stand_v a_o eâ—itius_n turn-pike_n in_o the_o gate_n which_o give_v occasion_n of_o resistance_n for_o a_o while_n and_o as_o our_o man_n will_v have_v enter_v they_o valiant_o defend_v the_o camp_n t._n pulcio_n by_o who_o mean_n c._n antonius_n army_n be_v betray_v as_o we_o have_v former_o declare_v fight_v there_o most_o valiant_o yet_o nevertheless_o our_o man_n overcome_v they_o by_o valour_n and_o cut_v up_o the_o turn-pike_n enter_v first_o into_o the_o great_a camp_n and_o afterward_o into_o the_o castle_n and_o slay_v many_o that_o resist_v of_o the_o legion_n that_o be_v force_v thither_o but_o fortune_n that_o can_v do_v much_o in_o all_o thing_n and_o special_o in_o war_n do_v in_o a_o small_a moment_n of_o time_n bring_v great_a alteration_n as_o it_o then_o happen_v for_o the_o cohort_n of_o caesar_n right_a cornet_n ignorant_a of_o the_o place_n follow_v the_o rampire_n which_o go_v along_o from_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o river_n seek_v after_o the_o gate_n and_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o rampire_n of_o the_o camp_n but_o when_o they_o perceive_v that_o it_o join_v to_o the_o river_n they_o present_o get_v over_o it_o no_o man_n resist_v they_o and_o all_o the_o cavalry_n follow_v after_o those_o cohort_n observation_n pompey_n have_v clear_v his_o army_n of_o that_o siege_n it_o boot_v not_o caesar_n to_o prosecute_v his_o purpose_n any_o long_o for_o when_o the_o end_n be_v miss_v for_o which_o any_o course_n be_v undertake_v it_o be_v folly_n to_o seek_v it_o by_o that_o mean_n we_o must_v rather_o choose_v new_a way_n that_o may_v lead_v we_o to_o the_o end_n of_o our_o hope_n then_o follow_v the_o old_a tract_n which_o sort_v to_o no_o effect_n and_o yet_o nevertheless_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o the_o general_n be_v no_o way_n disable_v for_o 〈…〉_z albeit_o a_o wise_a man_n do_v not_o always_o keep_v one_o pace_n yet_o still_o he_o hold_v one_o and_o the_o same_o way_n second_o that_o of_o xerxes_n appear_v to_o be_v true_a that_o great_a attempt_n be_v always_o make_v with_o great_a difficulty_n and_o danger_n wherein_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o heathen_a world_n ascribe_v all_o to_o fortune_n herodot_n as_o the_o sole_a cause_n of_o all_o remarkable_a event_n 7._o and_o that_o which_o fill_v up_o both_o the_o page_n of_o all_o the_o book_n wherein_o man_n note_v the_o course_n of_o thing_n clades_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la acceptae_fw-la non_fw-la semper_fw-la ignaviae_fw-la sed_fw-la aliquando_fw-la fortunae_fw-la temeritati_fw-la sunt_fw-la imputandae_fw-la loss_n receive_v in_o war_n be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v impute_v to_o slothful_a carriage_n but_o oftentimes_o to_o the_o temerity_n of_o fortune_n say_v archidamus_n and_o be_v that_o which_o be_v aim_v at_o by_o caesar_n chap._n xxiiii_o the_o â—ight_n continue_v and_o caesar_n lose_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n pompey_n caesar_n after_o so_o long_a a_o respite_n of_o time_n have_v notice_n thereof_o take_v the_o first_o legion_n from_o their_o work_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o succour_v their_o fellow_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o cavalry_n do_v approach_v near_o our_o horseman_n and_o our_o man_n that_o possess_v the_o camp_n do_v discover_v a_o army_n imbattel_v come_v against_o they_o and_o all_o thing_n be_v sudden_o change_v for_o pompey_n legion_n assure_v with_o a_o speedy_a hope_n of_o succour_n begin_v to_o make_v resistance_n at_o the_o decumane_a gate_n and_o voluntary_o charge_v our_o man_n caesar_n cavalry_n be_v get_v over_o the_o rampire_n into_o a_o narrow_a passage_n fear_v how_o they_o may_v retreat_v in_o safety_n begin_v to_o fly_v away_o the_o right_a cornet_n seclude_v and_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o left_a perceive_v the_o terror_n of_o the_o horseman_n lest_o they_o may_v be_v endanger_v within_o the_o fortification_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o other_o side_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v and_o most_o of_o they_o lest_o they_o shall_v be_v surprise_v in_o the_o straits_n cast_v themselves_o over_o work_n of_o ten_o foot_n high_a into_o the_o ditch_n and_o such_o as_o first_o get_v over_o be_v tread_v under_o foot_n by_o such_o as_o follow_v after_o the_o rest_n save_v themselves_o in_o pass_v over_o their_o body_n the_o soldier_n of_o the_o left_a cornet_n perceive_v from_o the_o rampire_n that_o pompey_n be_v at_o hand_n and_o that_o their_o own_o side_n flee_v away_o fear_v lest_o they_o shall_v be_v shut_v up_o in_o those_o straits_n have_v the_o enemy_n both_o without_o and_o within_o they_o think_v it_o their_o best_a course_n to_o return_v back_o the_o same_o way_n they_o come_v whereby_o there_o happen_v nothing_o but_o tumult_n fear_n and_o flight_n insomuch_o as_o when_o caesar_n catch_v hold_v with_o his_o hand_n of_o the_o ensign_n of_o they_o that_o sle_z and_o command_v they_o to_o stand_v some_o for_o fear_v leave_v their_o ensign_n behind_o they_o other_o forsake_v their_o horse_n keep_v on_o their_o course_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o one_o of_o they_o that_o will_v stand_v notwithstanding_o in_o this_o so_o great_a a_o calamity_n and_o mishap_n these_o help_n fall_v out_o to_o relieve_v we_o when_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o that_o pompey_n fear_v some_o treachery_n for_o that_o as_o i_o think_v it_o happen_v beyond_o his_o expectation_n who_o a_o little_a before_o see_v his_o man_n fly_v out_o of_o his_o camp_n dare_v not_o for_o a_o good_a while_n approach_n near_o the_o fortification_n and_o our_o man_n possess_v the_o narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o port_n do_v hinder_v the_o horseman_n from_o follow_v after_o and_o so_o a_o small_a matter_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n in_o the_o carriage_n of_o that_o accident_n on_o either_o side_n for_o the_o rampire_n which_o be_v carry_v from_o the_o camp_n to_o the_o river_n pompey_n camp_n be_v already_o take_v be_v the_o only_a hindrance_n of_o caesar_n expedite_a and_o easy_a victory_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n hinder_v the_o speedy_a follow_v of_o their_o horseman_n be_v the_o only_a safety_n and_o help_n of_o our_o man_n in_o those_o two_o fight_n there_o be_v want_v of_o caesar_n man_n nine_o hundred_o and_o threescore_o and_o horseman_n of_o note_n r._n felginas_fw-la tuticanus_n gallus_n a_o senator_n son_n c._n felginas_fw-la of_o placentia_n agravius_n of_o puteolis_n sacrativirus_n of_o capua_n ten_o tribune_n of_o the_o soldier_n and_o thirty_o centurion_n but_o the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o perish_v in_o the_o trench_n in_o the_o fortification_n and_o on_o the_o river_n bank_n press_v to_o death_n with_o the_o fear_n and_o â—light_n of_o their_o fellow_n without_o any_o blow_n or_o wound_v give_v they_o there_o be_v lose_v at_o that_o time_n thirty_o two_o military_a ensign_n pompey_n upon_o that_o sight_n be_v salute_v by_o the_o name_n of_o imperator_n which_o title_n he_o then_o obtain_v and_o so_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v style_v afterward_o howbeit_o he_o use_v it_o not_o in_o any_o of_o his_o missive_n nor_o yet_o wear_v any_o laurel_n in_o the_o bundle_n of_o rod_n carry_v before_o he_o labienus_n have_v beg_v all_o the_o captive_n cause_v they_o for_o great_a ostentation_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o in_o public_a and_o to_o give_v the_o more_o assurance_n to_o such_o as_o be_v flee_v thither_o from_o caesar_n party_n call_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o fellow-soldier_n in_o great_a derision_n ask_v they_o whether_o old_a soldier_n be_v wont_a to_o fly_v and_o so_o cause_v they_o all_o to_o be_v slay_v pompey_n party_n take_v such_o a_o assurance_n and_o spirit_n upon_o these_o thing_n that_o they_o think_v no_o far_o of_o the_o course_n of_o war_n but_o carry_v themselves_o as_o though_o they_o be_v already_o victor_n not_o respect_v as_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o this_o the_o paucity_n of_o our_o man_n nor_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o straightness_n thereof_o the_o camp_n be_v possess_v and_o the_o doubtful_a terror_n both_o within_o and_o without_o the_o work_n not_o yet_o the_o army_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v able_a to_o help_v or_o succour_v the_o other_o neither_o yet_o do_v they_o add_v to_o this_o that_o the_o fight_n be_v not_o make_v by_o any_o valiant_a encounter_n or_o in_o form_n of_o battle_n but_o that_o they_o receive_v more_o hurt_n from_o the_o