of_o the_o world_n which_o be_v contain_v within_o the_o hollow_a upper_a face_n of_o the_o moon_n orb_n and_o sphere_n in_o which_o be_v all_o corruptible_a body_n and_o thing_n harm_v by_o diverse_a alteration_n except_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v the_o contrary_a action_n of_o the_o first_o quality_n also_o the_o four_o element_n be_v simple_a body_n which_o into_o part_n of_o diverse_a form_n can_v be_v divide_v yet_o through_o the_o mutual_a commixion_n of_o these_o be_v diverse_a kind_n of_o body_n cause_v therefore_o whatsoever_o body_n be_v in_o the_o elementary_a region_n be_v either_o simple_a mix_v or_o compound_v body_n in_o that_o the_o mix_v body_n be_v all_o those_o which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n of_o diverse_a kind_n to_o these_o of_o the_o four_o element_n the_o next_o join_v within_o the_o hollow_a upper_a face_n of_o the_o moon_n orb_n be_v the_o most_o thin_a air_n be_v the_o light_a of_o the_o element_n kindle_v through_o the_o daily_o move_v about_o of_o the_o celestial_a circle_n which_o for_o this_o congruency_n with_o the_o fire_n name_v the_o elemental_a fire_n that_o be_v daily_o draw_v about_o by_o the_o orb_n compass_v it_o which_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o comette_n and_o other_o fiery_a kind_n engender_v in_o the_o same_o element_n of_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a vapoure_n that_o be_v likewise_o carry_v about_o the_o next_o within_o that_o do_v the_o air_n run_v be_v a_o heavy_a element_n than_o the_o fire_n yet_o light_a than_o the_o water_n which_o also_o be_v draw_v about_o by_o a_o like_a motion_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o cloud_n and_o other_o like_a impression_n engender_v in_o the_o same_o but_o to_o the_o nether_a region_n of_o the_o same_o consist_v the_o lateral_a motion_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v by_o the_o blow_n of_o the_o wind_n far_o vitellio_n in_o his_o ten_o book_n and_o 60._o chapter_n affirm_v that_o the_o cloud_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o upperface_n of_o the_o earth_n 25000._o pace_n or_o 13._o german_a mile_n but_o according_a to_o same_o writer_n they_o be_v unequal_o distant_a from_o the_o earth_n as_o somewhile_o further_o off_o and_o somewhile_o near_o to_o the_o earth_n for_o when_o the_o cloud_n be_v further_a distant_a from_o the_o earth_n they_o be_v but_o 772000._o pace_n and_o be_v near_a the_o earth_n be_v 288000._o pace_n distant_a to_o conclude_v this_o element_n compass_v and_o enclose_v both_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n by_o his_o largeness_n the_o next_o element_n to_o the_o air_n which_o move_v be_v the_o water_n for_o the_o same_o be_v move_v by_o a_o motion_n of_o flow_v and_o ebb_v which_o it_o make_v after_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o that_o it_o flow_v six_o hour_n and_o eb_v so_o many_o until_o the_o moon_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n have_v pass_v about_o all_o the_o quarter_n of_o heaven_n also_o the_o water_n have_v a_o motion_n and_o that_o downward_o into_o the_o earth_n so_o that_o these_o two_o joint_n lie_v annex_v make_v as_o it_o be_v one_o body_n yet_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o heavy_a element_n have_v a_o motion_n attribute_v as_o it_o be_v simple_o downwarde_a unto_o the_o middle_n notwithstanding_o agree_v of_o all_o man_n that_o the_o same_o be_v immovable_a and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n these_o four_o that_o be_v the_o fire_n air_n water_n and_o earth_n be_v name_v to_o be_v the_o four_o element_n and_o both_o the_o simple_a and_o original_a matter_n of_o which_o all_o mix_a body_n be_v compound_v and_o make_v the_o proof_n that_o there_o be_v only_o four_o element_n be_v this_o that_o to_o each_o element_n the_o two_o first_o quality_n agree_v and_o the_o combynation_n the_o like_a of_o the_o four_o quality_n as_o of_o heat_n and_o dri_v which_o consist_v in_o the_o fire_n of_o moisture_n and_o heat_n which_o rest_n in_o the_o air_n of_o coldness_n and_o moisture_n which_o be_v in_o the_o water_n of_o dryness_n &_o coldness_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o earth_n by_o these_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o there_o be_v but_o four_o element_n of_o which_o heat_n exceed_v in_o the_o fire_n moisture_n in_o the_o air_n coldness_n in_o the_o water_n and_o dryness_n in_o the_o earth_n to_o conclude_v it_o appear_v that_o heat_n with_o cold_a and_o moisture_n with_o dri_v can_v apt_o be_v join_v what_o the_o star_n be_v and_o that_o as_o to_o the_o motion_n of_o their_o orb_n they_o be_v carry_v about_o the_o ethereal_a region_n contain_v the_o star_n which_o be_v the_o thick_a part_n of_o their_o orb_n perfect_a round_n clear_a most_o pure_a and_o simple_a and_o free_a of_o any_o mixture_n except_o the_o moor_n which_o be_v dark_a than_o the_o other_o yea_o variable_a and_o shadow_v and_o these_o fasten_v to_o their_o orb_n by_o which_o in_o certain_a continual_a and_o appoint_a time_n and_o order_n be_v draw_v about_o and_o perform_v their_o return_n in_o the_o determinate_a space_n of_o time_n and_o those_o continual_o agree_v in_o themselves_o that_o they_o may_v so_o engender_v the_o difference_n and_o order_n of_o time_n and_o in_o the_o inferior_a nature_n prepare_v and_o cause_v the_o first_o quality_n and_o other_o effect_n the_o sun_n the_o fountain_n of_o light_n do_v not_o only_o give_v light_n and_o make_v shine_v clear_a the_o inferior_a body_n but_o the_o superior_a also_o by_o the_o brightness_n and_o light_n of_o his_o beam_n but_o the_o star_n see_v with_o a_o borrow_a light_n they_o shine_v which_o be_v far_o weak_a than_o the_o sun_n therefore_o with_o that_o strange_a light_n which_o they_o take_v proper_o of_o the_o sun_n do_v they_o shine_v although_o unlike_a to_o the_o sun_n for_o into_o all_o the_o star_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v round_o about_o thin_a and_o penetrable_a be_v the_o sun_n light_n equal_o shed_v and_o pierce_v and_o so_o fill_v all_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o no_o time_n of_o increase_a and_o decrease_v of_o light_n but_o the_o moon_n see_v it_o be_v a_o unperfit_a body_n and_o that_o it_o have_v the_o part_n some_o where_o thin_a &_o somewhere_o thick_a and_o better_a compact_n therefore_o do_v it_o not_o equal_o nor_o round_o about_o receive_v the_o sun_n light_n so_o that_o the_o th'inner_n part_n take_v more_o of_o the_o sun_n light_n and_o of_o the_o same_o do_v clear_a shine_n but_o the_o lesser_a shadow_a part_n which_o also_o be_v see_v appear_v dark_a as_o the_o spot_n in_o the_o moon_n do_v show_v that_o the_o body_n of_o the_o star_n be_v round_o do_v the_o round_a form_n in_o the_o eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n show_v yea_o in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o world_n those_o eclipse_n happen_v do_v the_o body_n also_o of_o the_o star_n at_o that_o time_n appear_v perfect_a round_o although_o the_o body_n of_o the_o star_n be_v know_v by_o sundry_a reason_n to_o be_v round_o as_o a_o bowl_n yet_o by_o their_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o earth_n appear_v to_o we_o as_o plain_v or_o flat_a nor_o the_o star_n be_v not_o move_v by_o their_o own_o proper_a motion_n but_o by_o the_o accydentary_a as_o unto_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o orb_n to_o which_o they_o hang_v as_o part_n unto_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o to_o every_o round_a body_n do_v two_o proper_a motion_n only_o belong_v as_o a_o moan_v to_o and_o fro_o and_o turn_v about_o therefore_o the_o star_n see_v they_o be_v round_o be_v by_o some_o proper_a and_o principal_a motion_n carry_v round_o but_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v not_o so_o move_v round_o in_o that_o they_o turn_v about_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o same_o face_n or_o body_n which_o they_o once_o turn_v and_o show_v to_o we_o but_o that_o the_o same_o shall_v of_o necessity_n happen_v like_a be_v turn_v round_o in_o one_o place_n about_o their_o exetrée_n with_o the_o other_o in_o the_o same_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o part_n far_o distant_a and_o the_o other_o then_o set_v and_o hide_v under_o the_o earth_n nor_o be_v they_o turn_v hither_o and_o thither_o in_o that_o they_o never_o change_v the_o stand_n and_o place_n which_o they_o have_v in_o their_o orb_n which_o to_o those_o carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o will_v happen_v therefore_o not_o by_o a_o proper_a and_o chief_a motion_n be_v they_o carry_v about_o but_o by_o a_o accidentary_a draw_v about_o of_o their_o orb_n which_o what_o the_o same_o be_v shall_v after_o appear_v that_o heaven_n be_v draw_v round_o the_o ethereal_a region_n do_v the_o philosopher_n also_o name_n quinta_fw-la essentia_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v a_o fifte_a body_n constitute_v above_o the_o four_o element_n be_v incorruptible_a &_o divine_a consist_v of_o the_o noble_a and_o pure_a part_n of_o the_o air_n which_o also_o be_v place_v above_o
body_n round_o but_o the_o hollow_a upper_a face_n be_v the_o inward_a compass_n about_o in_o the_o hollow_a orb_n or_o the_o body_n hollow_a a_o centre_n be_v the_o middle_a prick_n in_o a_o circle_n from_o which_o all_o right_a line_n draw_v unto_o the_o compass_n about_o the_o same_o be_v equal_a between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o also_o a_o centre_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v a_o middle_a prick_n in_o the_o sphere_n from_o which_o all_o right_a line_n draw_v unto_o the_o emboss_a upper_a face_n we_o agree_v in_o length_n the_o exe_n tree_n be_v a_o right_a line_n draw_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o â—e_a sphere_n and_o with_o both_o his_o end_n pierce_v unto_o the_o â—des_n of_o the_o emboss_a upper_a face_n about_o which_o the_o sphere_n 〈◊〉_d turn_v the_o pole_n be_v the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o exetrée_n appea_v on_o each_o side_n about_o which_o heaven_n be_v turn_v also_o the_o â—oles_n of_o the_o turn_n be_v name_v the_o end_n and_o top_n and_o name_v beside_o the_o end_a point_n of_o the_o exe-tree_n draw_v by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sphere_n about_o which_o the_o shere_n and_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v turn_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o sphere_n and_o circle_n describe_v in_o the_o sphere_n be_v point_n consist_v in_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o sphere_n from_o which_o all_o right_a line_n draw_v unto_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v equal_a although_o every_o great_a circle_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o world_n have_v his_o pole_n yet_o be_v often_o mention_v make_v of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n or_o equinoctial_a of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o horyzont_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n or_o equinoctial_a be_v the_o two_o extreme_a point_n and_o both_o end_n of_o the_o exe_n tree_n of_o the_o world_n about_o which_o the_o sphere_n be_v turn_v the_o one_o of_o the_o pole_n which_o elevate_v show_v to_o we_o dwell_v into_o the_o north_n and_o turn_v always_o about_o in_o our_o sight_n be_v name_v the_o boreall_n and_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n near_o to_o it_o which_o pole_n be_v continua_o see_v and_o know_v by_o the_o two_o star_n near_o to_o it_o of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v notable_a and_o clear_a of_o the_o third_o bigness_n stand_v at_o the_o end_n or_o top_n of_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n distant_a from_o the_o very_a pole_n 4._o degree_n and_o 9_o minute_n but_o the_o other_o dimmer_n of_o the_o four_o bigness_n not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o other_o star_n afore_o be_v come_v near_o and_o do_v scarce_o differ_v now_o 50._o minute_n from_o the_o place_n of_o the_o true_a and_o very_a pole_n if_o any_o will_v know_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n or_o pole_n star_n let_v he_o turn_v his_o face_n toward_o the_o north_n the_o sky_n then_o be_v clear_a leave_v the_o east_n on_o the_o right_a side_n and_o west_n on_o the_o left_a side_n and_o he_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o little_a bear_n seven_o star_n place_v like_o to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o star_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n which_o be_v bright_a of_o these_o star_n three_o do_v fashion_n the_o tail_n and_o that_o which_o be_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v name_v the_o pole_n star_n which_o decline_v in_o our_o time_n from_o the_o equatour_n 85_o degree_n and_o 5â—_n minute_n so_o that_o be_v no_o further_o off_o by_o this_o declination_n from_o 90_o degree_n the_o distance_n of_o it_o from_o the_o very_a pole_n shall_v remain_v and_o be_v 4._o degree_n and_o 7._o minute_n and_o this_o star_n also_o in_o process_n of_o time_n shall_v be_v join_v with_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o pole_n which_o through_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o earth_n be_v continual_o hide_v to_o we_o of_o the_o north_n be_v name_v the_o meridional_a or_o south_n pole_n right_a against_o as_o it_o be_v the_o north_n pole_n be_v evermore_o so_o low_o depress_v as_o the_o north_n pole_n raise_v in_o any_o country_n to_o the_o north_n above_o the_o horizont_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n be_v continual_o so_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n as_o be_v the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o in_o our_o time_n be_v find_v and_o note_v by_o observation_n to_o be_v of_o 23._o degree_n 28._o minute_n and_o 30._o second_n but_o the_o borcall_a or_o north_n pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n distant_a from_o the_o two_o dim_a star_n in_o the_o tryangle_n of_o the_o dragon_n be_v star_n of_o the_o sixth_o bigness_n which_o a_o right_a line_n by_o imagination_n draw_v from_o the_o three_o star_n in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o little_a bear_n unto_o that_o constellation_n name_v lyra_n express_v the_o same_o that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o little_o further_a distance_n than_o two_o degree_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o horizont_n be_v the_o twoe_o extreme_a point_n or_o end_n of_o the_o right_a line_n draw_v out_o of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n by_o the_o top_n over_o our_o head_n unto_o the_o opposite_a place_n of_o the_o dyametre_n of_o the_o merydyan_n of_o which_o the_o one_o direct_o over_o our_o head_n name_v the_o vertical_a point_n and_o of_o the_o arabian_n zenith_n the_o other_o right_n against_o name_v of_o they_o nadir_n and_o the_o pole_n of_o each_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n do_v differ_v from_o their_o circle_n 90._o degree_n or_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o other_o great_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n for_o by_o the_o 23._o proposition_n of_o theodosius_n of_o the_o sphere_n a_o right_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o pole_n of_o his_o circle_n unto_o the_o circumference_n be_v equal_a to_o each_o of_o the_o four_o quarter_n side_n describe_v within_o the_o same_o circle_n which_o four_o quarter_n side_n do_v divide_v the_o circle_n into_o four_o quarter_n yet_o be_v each_o great_a circle_n of_o a_o sphere_n equal_a between_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o but_o see_v the_o equal_a right_a line_n do_v take_v away_o the_o equal_a compass_n of_o the_o equal_a circle_n therefore_o shall_v a_o line_n draw_v from_o the_o pole_n unto_o the_o circumference_n of_o his_o circle_n take_v away_o of_o the_o great_a circle_n one_o quarter_n of_o the_o other_o circle_n draw_v by_o the_o pole_n even_o like_a as_o the_o side_n of_o a_o quarter_n describe_v within_o the_o circle_n by_o which_o appear_v that_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n do_v differ_v or_o be_v distant_a by_o a_o quarter_n from_o their_o circle_n as_o be_v above_o write_v what_o the_o world_n be_v and_o into_o how_o many_o part_n the_o same_o be_v divide_v with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a orb_n the_o world_n after_o orontius_n be_v define_v to_o be_v a_o perfitte_n and_o a_o entire_a composition_n of_o all_o thing_n a_o divine_a work_n but_o finite_a and_o continual_o to_o be_v meruel_v at_o adorn_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o form_n and_o shape_n of_o body_n that_o nature_n can_v make_v which_o in_o all_o part_n be_v procreate_v and_o appear_v and_o those_o first_o create_v by_o god_n so_o well_o in_o earth_n as_o in_o heaven_n by_o his_o only_a worâ—_n of_o nothing_o to_o end_n the_o same_o may_v be_v a_o proper_a mansion_n place_n for_o man_n in_o which_o he_o may_v daily_o behold_v and_o make_v know_v aristotle_n teach_v two_o definition_n of_o the_o world_n the_o one_o that_o it_o be_v a_o apt_a frame_n wrought_v consist_v both_o of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o of_o the_o celestial_a and_o inferior_a body_n apt_o distribute_v and_o of_o other_o natural_a thing_n in_o they_o contain_v the_o other_o definition_n be_v that_o the_o world_n be_v a_o perfect_a body_n and_o most_o perfect_a round_a form_n contain_v the_o ordinance_n and_o distribution_n of_o body_n create_v by_o god_n to_o tend_v unto_o a_o purpose_n which_o by_o god_n and_o through_o god_n be_v preserve_v the_o part_n or_o region_n of_o the_o world_n be_v two_o as_o the_o ethereal_a and_o elementary_a the_o etherial_a region_n be_v the_o high_a and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o enclose_v the_o elementary_a region_n be_v whole_o clear_a and_o the_o light_a perfitte_n and_o contain_v the_o orb_n of_o all_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o planet_n distinguish_v by_o a_o certain_a order_n free_a of_o all_o mixture_n and_o all_o strange_a quality_n nor_o harm_v by_o any_o alteration_n in_o which_o the_o celestial_a body_n be_v draw_v about_o by_o certain_a and_o continual_a order_n and_o time_n of_o the_o motion_n that_o they_o may_v so_o cause_v the_o diversity_n of_o time_n day_n year_n and_o month_n and_o as_o well_o in_o the_o elementary_a nature_n by_o his_o motion_n and_o light_n engender_v mix_v and_o temper_v together_o the_o first_o quality_n and_o prepare_v also_o other_o effect_n the_o elementary_a region_n be_v the_o nether_a part_n
the_o hollow_a upper_a face_n of_o the_o moon_n orb_n that_o reach_v unto_o the_o hollow_a upper_a face_n of_o the_o high_a heaven_n be_v most_o pure_a perfitte_a round_n continual_o carry_v about_o and_o bright_a appear_v this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n be_v the_o etherial_a region_n be_v name_v heaven_n which_o always_o draw_v about_o by_o a_o marvelous_a swiftness_n be_v divide_v into_o nine_o orb_n or_o sphere_n although_o sundry_a astronomer_n as_o alphonsus_n johannes_n de_fw-fr monte_fw-fr regio_fw-la purbachius_n and_o other_o have_v add_v a_o ten_o sphere_n through_o the_o three_o contrary_a motion_n find_v in_o the_o eight_o sphere_n name_v of_o thebit_n benchore_n the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o same_o motus_fw-la trepidationis_fw-la or_o the_o go_n and_o come_v of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n the_o first_o and_o uppermost_a orb_n be_v name_v the_o first_o mover_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o be_v name_v the_o nine_o sphere_n or_o crystalline_a heaven_n but_o of_o ptholomy_n name_v the_o firmament_n or_o orb_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o the_o third_o be_v that_o which_o of_o they_o name_v the_o eight_o sphere_n only_o add_v through_o that_o motion_n of_o the_o tremble_a or_o as_o it_o be_v a_o move_a forth_o and_o return_v of_o that_o eight_o sphere_n which_o proper_o be_v cause_v in_o the_o two_o small_a circle_n about_o the_o head_n or_o beginning_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n through_o which_o diverse_a motion_n of_o the_o eight_o sphere_n do_v the_o equinoctial_o and_o solstice_n come_v and_o begin_v soon_o by_o certain_a day_n and_o the_o sun_n great_a declination_n deminish_v and_o daily_o do_v to_o that_o in_o ptolemy_n and_o hipparcus_n time_n which_o then_o be_v 23._o degree_n and_o 52._o minute_n and_o 30._o second_n and_o for_o these_o have_v alphonsus_n and_o sundry_a other_o attribute_v diverse_a motion_n to_o the_o eight_o sphere_n add_v a_o nine_o and_o ten_o sphere_n to_o it_o that_o there_o be_v but_o eight_o celestial_a orb_n which_o may_v be_v see_v although_o ptholomy_n affirm_v that_o there_o be_v nine_o orb_n equal_o distant_a yet_o be_v there_o but_o eight_o which_o may_v perfect_o be_v see_v and_o decern_v with_o the_o eye_n both_o in_o the_o stand_n variety_n of_o motion_n and_o differ_v in_o the_o periode_n or_o course_n also_o they_o be_v in_o such_o order_n dispose_v that_o no_o orb_n hinder_v the_o motion_n of_o another_o near_a to_o it_o as_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o fix_a star_n and_o the_o seven_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o some_o of_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v draw_v by_o a_o swift_a motion_n and_o other_o by_o a_o slow_a motion_n and_o that_o the_o apogea_n or_o ascension_n also_o of_o the_o planet_n be_v change_v after_o the_o order_n of_o the_o sign_n the_o orb_n of_o the_o planet_n thus_o contain_v and_o compass_v one_o a_o other_o as_o first_o the_o sphere_n of_o saturn_n be_v nigh_a the_o firmament_n of_o which_o be_v compass_v do_v like_o contain_v jupiters_n sphere_n and_o jupiters_n do_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n enclose_v mars_n sphere_n and_o marses_n in_o like_a order_n the_o sun_n sphere_n next_o the_o sun_n do_v contain_v venus_n sphere_n which_o like_o do_v compass_v mercury_n sphere_n and_o mercuries_n do_v contain_v the_o moon_n sphere_n be_v the_o low_a and_o small_a sphere_n and_o every_o of_o these_o sphere_n have_v a_o star_n a_o piece_n name_v eractical_a star_n or_o planet_n which_o star_n have_v every_o one_o their_o proper_a orb_n several_a his_o motion_n several_a and_o unlike_a in_o time_n one_o to_o another_o in_o that_o they_o appear_v one_o while_o never_o together_o and_o another_o while_o be_v see_v far_o distant_a asunder_o by_o which_o it_o agree_v that_o their_o equal_a motion_n to_o appear_v to_o we_o unequal_a either_o through_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o circle_n diverse_a from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n about_o which_o they_o be_v turn_v as_o be_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n under_o which_o the_o eratical_a star_n be_v continual_o draw_v and_o move_v rather_o for_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o the_o centre_n of_o those_o orb_n by_o which_o the_o planet_n be_v carry_v and_o move_v about_o so_o that_o when_o we_o consider_v those_o move_n by_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o world_n then_o be_v cause_v that_o they_o seem_v to_o we_o as_o they_o be_v increase_v in_o a_o great_a bigness_n when_o as_o we_o behold_v and_o see_v they_o near_o hand_n and_o that_o lesser_a in_o bigness_n when_o we_o see_v they_o place_v far_o off_o even_o so_o in_o the_o equal_a circumference_n of_o the_o orb_n through_o the_o diverse_a distance_n of_o sight_n we_o like_v observe_v the_o unequal_a motion_n by_o the_o equal_a time_n yet_o indeed_o neither_o of_o these_o happen_v but_o that_o they_o be_v draw_v about_o by_o unchangeable_a space_n be_v a_o like_a distant_a and_o keep_v one_o manner_n of_o bigness_n for_o if_o this_o be_v than_o the_o sun_n or_o any_o other_o star_n be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o heaven_n shall_v seem_v or_o appear_v big_a which_o it_o do_v not_o then_o be_v in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n part_n and_o the_o contrary_n we_o sundry_a time_n see_v when_o as_o the_o sun_n or_o any_o other_o star_n appear_v big_a in_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n which_o be_v not_o cause_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o short_a distance_n but_o for_o that_o his_o beam_n in_o the_o vapour_n which_o do_v thick_a ascend_v both_o in_o the_o winter_n time_n and_o in_o rainy_a weather_n that_o hang_v in_o the_o air_n between_o our_o sight_n and_o the_o body_n of_o the_o star_n be_v then_o break_v which_o break_v of_o they_o do_v cause_n the_o star_n to_o appear_v far_o big_a to_o the_o eye_n then_o in_o deed_n the_o same_o be_v and_o that_o a_o ready_a and_o easy_a knowledge_n may_v be_v have_v after_o the_o mind_n of_o ptolemy_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n and_o celestial_a orb_n with_o the_o number_n of_o the_o circle_n and_o element_n enclose_v within_o the_o first_o mover_n conceive_v this_o figure_n here_o follow_v most_o apt_o draw_v and_o set_v out_o for_o thy_o further_a instruction_n this_o figure_n declare_v the_o number_n disposition_n and_o order_n of_o the_o celestial_a sphere_n about_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o there_o be_v two_o first_o motion_n of_o the_o celestial_a orbs._n although_o the_o celestial_a orb_n be_v several_o draw_v by_o proper_a and_o unlike_a motion_n yet_o be_v there_o two_o first_o motion_n that_o be_v manifest_a both_o by_o observation_n and_o judgement_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o one_o be_v of_o the_o first_o mover_n which_o ptholomy_n attribute_v to_o the_o nine_o sphere_n that_o be_v only_o draw_v about_o by_o a_o equal_a swiftness_n from_o the_o east_n into_o the_o west_n and_o from_o thence_o again_o into_o the_o east_n upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n or_o equatour_n in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o natural_a day_n or_o 24._o hour_n and_o this_o first_o mover_n draw_v with_o it_o all_o the_o other_o orb_n much_o like_o a_o ship_n which_o be_v at_o full_a sail_n do_v draw_v and_o carry_v all_o her_o man_n &_o other_o live_a thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o ship_n so_o that_o by_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n the_o nether_a orb_n which_o the_o first_o mover_n compass_v be_v draw_v once_o every_o natural_a day_n or_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o day_n and_o night_n about_o the_o earth_n also_o this_o first_o mover_n do_v not_o only_o describe_v and_o measure_v a_o natural_a day_n but_o cause_v time_n and_o diversity_n of_o day_n and_o night_n with_o the_o proper_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o it_o daily_o bring_v up_o star_n to_o be_v see_v and_o carry_v up_o to_o the_o high_a and_o after_o hide_v they_o again_o under_o our_o horizont_n in_o the_o west_n beside_o it_o be_v the_o common_a measure_n of_o all_o the_o other_o motion_n the_o other_o motion_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o eight_o sphere_n and_o to_o the_o orb_n of_o the_o seven_o planet_n in_o the_o which_o they_o be_v contrary_o carry_v to_o the_o first_o mover_n as_o from_o the_o west_n into_o the_o east_n in_o move_v under_o the_o zodiac_n and_o about_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o same_o and_o not_o in_o parallel_n from_o the_o equatour_n equal_o separate_v but_o be_v draw_v much_o slow_a yea_o and_o unlike_a as_o by_o a_o like_a example_n when_o a_o ship_n by_o a_o most_o swift_a course_n be_v carry_v into_o the_o west_n yet_o may_v the_o mariner_n and_o other_o in_o the_o ship_n walk_v forward_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n into_o the_o east_n even_o so_o be_v this_o second_o motion_n of_o all_o the_o other_o sphere_n under_o the_o zodiac_n upon_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a also_o by_o a_o swift_a motion_n
depress_v so_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o this_o appearance_n be_v only_o the_o swell_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v brief_a the_o beginning_n and_o space_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n and_o that_o in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v vary_v and_o yet_o follow_v in_o a_o manner_n one_o order_n but_o this_o variety_n can_v not_o happen_v if_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o spherical_a and_o all_o about_o equal_o round_o herein_o exclude_v both_o valley_n and_o the_o top_n of_o hill_n which_o apply_v unto_o the_o body_n of_o the_o earth_n cause_v no_o inequality_n or_o diversity_n at_o all_o for_o the_o swell_n of_o the_o earth_n cause_v that_o the_o star_n be_v not_o see_v together_o in_o all_o country_n but_o draw_v about_o by_o little_a and_o little_a by_o a_o certain_a succession_n and_o order_n that_o they_o so_o appear_v soon_o to_o they_o in_o the_o east_n part_n then_o to_o they_o in_o the_o west_n through_o the_o swell_a as_o yet_o not_o above_o carry_v which_o swell_a being_n high_a between_o both_o be_v a_o let_v and_o cause_n of_o the_o late_a appear_v of_o they_o to_o the_o west_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n also_o keep_v and_o hide_v the_o star_n the_o long_o from_o their_o sight_n so_o that_o by_o these_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o only_a cause_n be_v the_o swell_a of_o the_o earth_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v fashion_v with_o a_o deep_a hollowness_n and_o compass_v round_o about_o with_o a_o light_a enclosure_n then_o shall_v the_o star_n rise_v be_v soon_o see_v to_o they_o in_o the_o west_n part_n and_o much_o late_a appear_v to_o they_o in_o the_o east_n for_o that_o the_o high_a enclosure_n to_o the_o hollowness_n as_o a_o wall_n build_v about_o shall_v be_v a_o let_v and_o hindrance_n to_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o beholder_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o those_o star_n arise_v it_o shall_v hinder_v their_o sight_n if_o the_o earth_n be_v form_v with_o place_n stand_v in_o sharp_a pillar_n form_n or_o in_o right_a line_n up_o then_o shall_v the_o star_n appear_v set_v and_o be_v hide_v alike_o to_o those_o place_n and_o no_o difference_n of_o day_n shall_v be_v cause_v but_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v one_o like_o day_n and_o the_o sun_n also_o appear_v to_o that_o fide_fw-la which_o they_o show_v so_o that_o while_o the_o sun_n run_v and_o compass_v about_o the_o back_n part_n they_o shall_v be_v without_o light_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o shall_v remain_v all_o the_o time_n in_o shadow_n and_o darkness_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v have_v a_o cubic_n for_o i_o than_o shall_v they_o see_v the_o sun_n six_o hour_n and_o loose_a or_o be_v without_o light_n and_o sight_n of_o the_o sun_n other_o eighteen_o hour_n if_o in_o round_o piller-wise_a as_o if_o the_o hownde_n be_v plain_a unto_o both_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o hollow_a part_n shall_v decline_v unto_o the_o east_n and_o west_n then_o shall_v no_o star_n continual_o appear_v to_o they_o dwell_v in_o the_o hollow_a but_o that_o certain_a star_n shall_v arise_v up_o and_o set_v in_o the_o west_n and_o other_o certain_a star_n near_o to_o both_o the_o pole_n shall_v always_o be_v hide_v to_o conclude_v if_o the_o whole_a earth_n be_v frame_v with_o a_o equal_a playnesse_n throughout_o then_o shall_v the_o star_n appear_v at_o one_o moment_n to_o all_o country_n and_o set_v again_o shall_v hide_v the_o like_a out_o of_o sight_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n shall_v the_o day_n begin_v and_o end_v alike_o and_o no_o difference_n shall_v be_v observe_v to_o all_o such_o argument_n see_v experience_n only_o do_v repugn_v or_o contrary_v they_o it_o be_v therefore_o manifest_a that_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o west_n toward_o the_o east_n rise_v up_o into_o a_o equal_a swell_n if_o the_o earth_n also_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o east_n unto_o the_o west_n then_o shall_v the_o star_n arise_v so_o soon_o to_o they_o in_o the_o west_n as_o to_o those_o of_o the_o east_n which_o be_v a_o manifest_a error_n also_o if_o the_o earth_n wéere_o plain_a from_o the_o north_n unto_o the_o south_n and_o like_v from_o the_o south_n unto_o the_o north_n then_o the_o star_n which_o be_v to_o some_o of_o a_o continual_a appearance_n shall_v always_o see_v the_o fame_n and_o like_v which_o way_n or_o into_o what_o quarter_n soever_o a_o man_n go_v which_o also_o be_v untrue_a but_o the_o cause_n which_o make_v the_o earth_n see_v plain_a be_v through_o the_o over_o great_a quantity_n which_o cause_v it_o so_o to_o appear_v to_o every_o man_n sight_n but_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v round_o according_a to_o latitude_n the_o diverse_a elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o star_n either_o always_o in_o sight_n or_o continual_o hide_v do_v evident_o declare_v for_o from_o the_o equatour_n in_o go_v forth_o easy_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o that_o the_o pole_n arctic_n be_v high_o raise_v and_o the_o star_n near_o to_o the_o pole_n raise_v up_o then_o be_v the_o stare_v right_a against_o like_a depress_v and_o as_o they_o be_v out_o of_o sight_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o as_o they_o go_v further_o from_o the_o equatoure_n nor_o the_o northerly_a star_n never_o set_v but_o continual_o draw_v about_o in_o sight_n with_o heaven_n but_o the_o contrary_n happen_v by_o go_v from_o the_o say_a circle_n or_o equatoure_n unto_o the_o contrary_a part_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o great_a cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n than_o the_o swell_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o if_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v plain_a the_o star_n opposite_a or_o right_n against_o according_a to_o latitude_n about_o the_o pole_n shall_v offer_v and_o appear_v together_o to_o all_o country_n which_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o earth_n hinder_v to_o be_v see_v a_o instrument_n by_o which_o the_o round_a nesse_n of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o latitude_n may_v be_v prove_v and_o all_o those_o may_v easy_o be_v show_v which_o be_v teach_v of_o the_o day_n artificial_a that_o the_o water_n have_v a_o like_a swell_n and_o run_v round_o this_o by_o two_o reason_n be_v prove_v the_o first_o be_v most_o certain_a by_o a_o mark_n or_o mark_n stand_v on_o the_o sea_n bank_n like_v as_o a_o tower_n steeple_n or_o such_o like_a erect_v of_o purpose_n so_o that_o a_o ship_n sail_v into_o the_o deep_a and_o carry_v so_o far_o off_o that_o no_o more_o of_o the_o side_n or_o bottom_n can_v be_v discern_v save_v the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n which_o only_o appear_v to_o the_o sight_n or_o thus_o that_o a_o mark_v stand_v on_o the_o sea_n bank_n and_o a_o ship_n pass_v forth_o of_o the_o haven_n sail_v so_o far_o into_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o beholder_n be_v near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n can_v decern_v the_o mark_n the_o ship_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n stay_v or_o stand_v still_o so_o that_o his_o eye_n be_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n shall_v perfect_o see_v that_o mark_n but_o the_o other_o eye_n be_v near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mast_n shall_v rather_o better_v see_v the_o mark_n than_o he_o which_o be_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n as_o may_v more_o evident_o appear_v by_o line_n draw_v from_o either_o place_n unto_o the_o mark_n so_o that_o the_o manifest_a cause_n of_o this_o appear_v to_o be_v none_o other_o than_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o water_n but_o here_o be_v all_o other_o impediment_n exclude_v that_o may_v otherwise_o hinder_v as_o mist_n fog_n and_o such_o like_a vapour_n ascend_v also_o a_o like_a reason_n of_o the_o impediment_n of_o this_o above_o write_v be_v for_o that_o the_o water_n arise_v into_o a_o swell_a which_o hinder_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o bottom_n or_o side_n of_o the_o ship_n that_o be_v in_o a_o high_a place_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o sight_n of_o the_o same_o as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mast_n which_o either_o exceed_v or_o be_v equal_a with_o the_o swell_n of_o the_o water_n for_o man_n sail_v on_o the_o main_n sea_n see_v nothing_o round_o about_o but_o the_o sky_n and_o the_o sea_n but_o come_v near_o the_o bank_n do_v by_o little_a and_o little_o descry_v and_o see_v either_o high_a hill_n or_o cliff_n as_o if_o they_o be_v rise_v forth_o of_o the_o water_n also_o to_o those_o that_o dwell_v on_o a_o high_a ground_n the_o sun_n first_o arise_v and_o last_o set_v and_o to_o this_o agree_v that_o out_o of_o the_o high_a place_n both_o more_o and_o further_a may_v be_v see_v into_o the_o sea_n then_o in_o valley_n or_o low_a place_n by_o all_o these_o therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o water_n swell_v as_o by_o the_o example_n follow_v more_o plain_o shall_v appear_v but_o a_o other_o example_n of_o the_o same_o shall_v
equinoctial_a point_n be_v then_o imagine_v to_o be_v draw_v about_o with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n that_o have_v the_o same_o centre_n with_o the_o earth_n at_o that_o time_n by_o which_o the_o plain_n of_o the_o equatoure_n be_v then_o note_v to_o pass_v so_o that_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o pliny_n give_v that_o name_n to_o it_o see_v a_o like_a day_n and_o night_n be_v cause_v the_o sun_n then_o run_v under_o the_o equatoure_n throughout_o the_o earth_n as_o no_o man_n of_o skill_n make_v doubt_n of_o it_o be_v name_v the_o circle_n of_o the_o high_a solstice_n but_o this_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o reason_n of_o those_o which_o dwell_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o have_v four_o solstice_n as_o two_o on_o high_a &_o two_o below_o have_v four_o shadow_n in_o the_o year_n and_o the_o sun_n pass_v twice_o a_o year_n by_o the_o zenith_n right_a over_o their_o head_n as_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n and_o to_o they_o also_o dwell_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o winter_n and_o the_o heat_n be_v mighty_a and_o strong_a when_o the_o sun_n draw_v from_o they_o into_o the_o north_n or_o south_n yet_o do_v the_o sun_n always_o burn_v the_o earth_n right_a under_o it_o cause_v a_o burn_a zone_n and_o not_o part_v far_o from_o their_o head_n so_o that_o their_o winter_n be_v not_o perfect_o and_o simple_o name_v winter_n as_o with_o we_o which_o be_v cold_a season_n in_o deed_n but_o rather_o with_o they_o be_v a_o continual_a summer_n yet_o for_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o heat_n with_o they_o be_v not_o unformal_o and_o in_o a_o like_a manner_n always_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o approach_v equal_o the_o zenith_n of_o that_o part_n as_o the_o same_o be_v know_v to_o many_o whereof_o the_o heat_n to_o they_o be_v not_o unifourme_v and_o a_o like_a in_o burn_v but_o sometime_o hot_a and_o sometime_o slack_a and_o mean_a of_o heat_n so_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o zenith_n as_o in_o the_o beginning_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o their_o high_a solstice_n then_o be_v the_o heat_n most_o vehement_a with_o they_o yet_o not_o without_o the_o sun_n this_o heat_n can_v be_v call_v mighty_a but_o when_o as_o the_o sun_n be_v go_v from_o their_o zenith_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n where_o their_o low_a solstice_n be_v the_o heat_n be_v then_o slack_a that_o be_v less_o burn_n so_o that_o the_o weak_a heat_n happen_v in_o the_o low_a solstice_n may_v in_o a_o manner_n be_v name_v cold_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o most_o burn_a heat_n happen_v in_o the_o high_a solstice_n yet_o it_o have_v the_o nomination_n of_o winter_n although_o no_o cold_a may_v be_v feel_v what_o the_o office_n or_o utility_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o skilful_a practisioner_n take_v and_o use_v the_o equinoctial_a with_o the_o office_n which_o they_o attribute_v to_o it_o and_o the_o many_o fold_n use_v that_o it_o offer_v be_v herein_o declare_v 1_o it_o measure_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o and_o uppermost_a orb_n and_o show_v the_o same_o to_o be_v draw_v about_o by_o a_o continual_a and_o equal_a swiftness_n for_o that_o in_o every_o equal_a hour_n do_v fifteen_o of_o the_o three_o hundred_o and_o three_o score_n degree_n of_o the_o same_o arise_v and_o so_o many_o degree_n right_a against_o set_v and_o be_v hide_v under_o the_o horizont_n and_o that_o all_o the_o three_o hundred_o and_o three_o score_n degree_n in_o 24._o hour_n be_v turn_v about_o in_o the_o appoint_a time_n and_o in_o their_o period_n continual_o agree_v and_o as_o the_o equatour_n from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n about_o which_o the_o first_o mover_n be_v draw_v and_o be_v of_o either_o side_n distant_a by_o equal_a space_n nor_o the_o angle_n which_o be_v comprehend_v &_o fashion_v with_o the_o horizont_n do_v never_o change_v even_o so_o by_o the_o same_o order_n and_o like_a motion_n do_v the_o first_o heaven_n or_o mover_n evident_o show_v itself_o to_o be_v carry_v about_o for_o the_o equinoctial_a measure_v and_o determine_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n in_o declare_v his_o revolution_n and_o year_n which_o year_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n be_v the_o time_n of_o 24._o hour_n equal_a but_o by_o what_o mean_v the_o ancient_a astronomer_n first_o find_v that_o the_o equinoctial_a be_v draw_v about_o in_o so_o many_o hour_n and_o it_o be_v suppose_v they_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o by_o the_o office_n of_o some_o star_n either_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a or_o place_v near_o it_o they_o perceive_v the_o same_o as_o that_o the_o equinoctial_a from_o some_o note_n mark_v of_o they_o do_v return_v to_o it_o in_o such_o a_o certain_a space_n as_o afore_o show_v 2_o the_o diverse_a motion_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o happen_v to_o it_o through_o the_o twart_a stand_n or_o lie_v as_o a_o cannon_n or_o rule_n do_v direct_v and_o point_v out_o the_o beginning_n bound_n and_o time_n with_o the_o which_o each_o part_n or_o degree_n of_o the_o zodiac_n arise_v or_o do_v set_v and_o with_o which_o they_o touch_v these_o or_o those_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n for_o all_o the_o arcke_n of_o the_o equatoure_n be_v draw_v by_o a_o certain_a and_o agreeable_a motion_n continual_o the_o part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n draw_v thwart_o the_o equatoure_n do_v not_o vary_v or_o be_v distant_a by_o like_a space_n from_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n nor_o turn_v about_o he_o but_o the_o same_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o do_v differ_v by_o a_o long_a space_n from_o he_o and_o draw_v about_o by_o a_o most_o unlike_a motion_n and_o nothing_o at_o all_o agree_v in_o itself_o for_o that_o some_o part_n or_o degree_n be_v carry_v up_o soon_o or_o quick_a and_o other_o appear_v slow_a and_o late_a so_o that_o these_o use_v a_o more_o space_n of_o time_n in_o the_o rise_n slow_a and_o those_o other_o pass_v up_o by_o a_o short_a and_o quick_a space_n but_o see_v that_o in_o the_o zodiac_n the_o wander_a star_n or_o planet_n do_v wander_v continual_o hither_o and_o thither_o and_o from_o one_o side_n of_o it_o to_o another_o and_o that_o unto_o the_o middle_a circle_n of_o it_o or_o ecclipticke_a line_n the_o place_n of_o all_o the_o fix_a star_n be_v refer_v and_o apply_v therefore_o can_v the_o time_n of_o the_o rise_n or_o set_v of_o the_o star_n be_v know_v and_o note_v except_o they_o shall_v be_v guess_v and_o attain_v by_o the_o next_o ark_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a it_o also_o declare_v the_o equinoctialle_n which_o be_v cause_v in_o those_o proper_a day_n in_o which_o the_o sun_n happen_v to_o come_v into_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n for_o these_o be_v cause_v the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n in_o that_o the_o zodiac_n and_o equinoctial_a do_v cross_v each_o other_o in_o those_o place_n whereof_o manilius_n thus_o write_v that_o these_o sign_n aries_n and_o libra_n cause_n a_o right_n throughout_o the_o earth_n a_o like_a day_n and_o night_n 3._o it_o define_v and_o measure_v the_o space_n both_o of_o the_o natural_a and_o artificial_a day_n and_o although_o the_o sun_n which_o draw_v about_o with_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n and_o in_o the_o proper_a motion_n carry_v forth_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o force_n into_o the_o contrary_a when_o as_o he_o cause_v the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n so_o well_o as_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n move_v and_o run_v in_o the_o zodiac_n yet_o of_o his_o motion_n the_o day_n and_o night_n space_n can_v be_v gatherrd_v through_o the_o diversity_n and_o unlikeness_n of_o the_o ascend_a or_o arise_v of_o diverse_a part_n or_o degree_n of_o the_o zodiac_n but_o see_v the_o same_o motion_n be_v of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o equatoure_n therefore_o be_v the_o ascension_n of_o the_o arck_n of_o the_o zodiac_n carry_v up_o with_o the_o ascend_n of_o the_o nigh_a part_n of_o the_o equatour_n like_o arise_v so_o that_o both_o the_o day_n and_o hour_n by_o the_o equal_a motion_n of_o these_o be_v not_o find_v and_o distinguish_v by_o the_o unlike_a and_o unequal_a motion_n of_o they_o in_o that_o these_o ascension_n can_v be_v of_o these_o two_o circle_n the_o greek_n by_o no_o mean_n like_a of_o the_o same_o in_o that_o by_o a_o steadfast_a order_n they_o do_v mark_v the_o day_n and_o night_n time_n therefore_o they_o part_n and_o divide_v they_o into_o equal_a hour_n which_o they_o name_v time_n that_o from_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o zodiac_n they_o may_v distinguish_v they_o for_o every_o fifteen_o
one_o half_a of_o it_o decline_v unto_o the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o unto_o the_o south_n and_o see_v upon_o these_o it_o be_v thwart_o draw_v by_o the_o daily_a motion_n unto_o the_o move_n of_o the_o orb_n in_o which_o it_o be_v in_o this_o respect_n be_v the_o circle_n name_v thwart_v 3_o this_o circle_n be_v also_o call_v signifere_o of_o the_o 12._o sign_n carry_v in_o it_o with_o the_o which_o the_o zodiac_n be_v describe_v or_o for_o that_o this_o circle_n be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o equal_a part_n which_o be_v call_v sign_n and_o each_o have_v a_o name_n of_o some_o proper_a beast_n or_o for_o the_o dispose_n of_o star_n be_v in_o the_o sign_n or_o for_o some_o property_n common_a to_o the_o beast_n and_o sign_n which_o ptolemy_n name_v the_o orb_n of_o the_o sign_n pliny_n capella_n and_o sundry_a poet_n do_v name_n signifere_v but_o aristotle_n name_v a_o thwart_a circle_n in_o that_o it_o do_v thwart_o cross_a the_o equatour_n as_o witness_v proclus_n what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o thwartnesse_n of_o the_o zodiac_n 1_o there_o be_v two_o cause_n why_o the_o zodiac_n be_v thwart_v the_o one_o be_v that_o the_o nether_a sphere_n upon_o the_o other_o exetrée_n and_o pole_n may_v be_v carry_v contrary_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n 2_o the_o other_o be_v that_o there_o may_v be_v diversity_n of_o time_n and_o variety_n of_o quality_n and_o tempearance_n that_o the_o sun_n also_o may_v wander_v and_o go_v about_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n run_v in_o the_o thwart_a circle_n whereof_o aristotle_n write_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o proper_a motion_n in_o the_o zodiac_n be_v unlike_a to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n that_o it_o may_v thereby_o cause_v the_o variety_n of_o cresent_a or_o grow_a thing_n for_o if_o there_o be_v only_o one_o motion_n there_o shall_v no_o variety_n of_o grow_a thing_n be_v cause_v 3_o a_o like_a reason_n to_o this_o that_o of_o the_o same_o one_o part_n of_o it_o do_v draw_v nigh_o to_o the_o top_n and_o high_a over_o our_o head_n and_o the_o other_o that_o it_o be_v remove_v and_o distant_a from_o we_o do_v cause_n most_o common_o the_o diversity_n in_o effect_n which_o unto_o the_o life_n of_o thing_n be_v requisite_a as_o for_o example_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o northerly_a half_n of_o this_o circle_n and_o near_o the_o zenith_n and_o high_a over_o our_o head_n he_o do_v cause_v a_o strong_a and_o mighty_a heat_n on_o all_o thing_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o by_o trial_n we_o find_v and_o see_v in_o the_o summer_n if_o therefore_o the_o zodiac_n be_v not_o thwart_v but_o shall_v equal_o approach_v or_o draw_v nigh_o according_a to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o it_o than_o shall_v the_o sun_n be_v always_o a_o like_a near_o us._n and_o when_o in_o a_o short_a time_n of_o summer_n he_o shall_v cause_v such_o a_o heat_n that_o his_o heat_n undoubted_o shall_v be_v so_o mighty_a that_o nothing_o shall_v grow_v or_o be_v increase_v but_o that_o those_o thing_n already_o grow_v up_o and_o dry_v shall_v be_v consume_v and_o burn_v up_o wherefore_o the_o zodiac_n be_v thwart_o place_v that_o the_o sun_n move_v into_o the_o further_a half_o his_o heat_n may_v thereby_o be_v slake_v and_o weaken_v in_o which_o he_o be_v carry_v depart_v from_o our_o zenith_n and_o cold_a then_o take_v place_n as_o appeareth_z in_o the_o winter_n and_o if_o the_o sun_n shall_v continual_o run_v in_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n then_o through_o extremity_n of_o cold_a shall_v all_o thing_n be_v destroy_v in_o the_o north_n part_n and_o as_o neither_o heat_n nor_o cold_a be_v continual_a but_o successive_o as_o those_o which_o be_v engender_v and_o cause_v by_o heat_n and_o consume_v by_o cold_a so_o that_o the_o sun_n procure_v by_o come_v nigh_o and_o go_v from_o we_o in_o the_o zodiac_n that_o it_o behove_v the_o zodiac_n to_o be_v thwart_v also_o a_o diversity_n of_o the_o planet_n in_o the_o zodiac_n to_o conclude_v we_o see_v that_o by_o the_o come_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o we_o generation_n be_v cause_v &_o by_o his_o departure_n from_o we_o thing_n wither_v and_o dry_v this_o circle_n call_v the_o zodiac_n according_a to_o longitude_n be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o part_n or_o sign_n and_o neither_o more_o nor_o few_o and_o according_a to_o latitude_n or_o breadth_n into_o 12._o degree_n this_o circle_n divide_v into_o twelve_o sign_n in_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n it_o have_v be_v note_v that_o in_o every_o revolution_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o moon_n be_v twelve_o time_n change_v and_o new_a and_o so_o many_o time_n have_v he_o full_a light_n and_o that_o so_o many_o change_n and_o full_a moon_n do_v happen_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o year_n by_o which_o it_o please_v they_o to_o divide_v the_o zodiac_n into_o so_o many_o part_n according_a to_o length_n but_o the_o division_n of_o the_o breadth_n have_v another_o cause_n that_o be_v of_o the_o other_o planet_n except_o the_o sun_n diverse_o wander_v from_o the_o same_o circle_n to_o be_v brief_a this_o whole_a circle_n be_v divide_v into_o 360._o degree_n for_o the_o commodity_n of_o this_o number_n in_o that_o the_o day_n of_o the_o year_n exceed_v this_o number_n by_o certain_a part_n for_o the_o common_a year_n have_v 365._o day_n and_o 6._o hour_n there_o be_v a_o latitude_n atribute_v to_o the_o zodiac_n by_o which_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o circle_n in_o that_o they_o be_v describe_v with_o one_o simple_a compass_n that_o it_o may_v by_o the_o large_a space_n contain_v the_o wander_a of_o the_o planette_n on_o either_o side_n the_o ecclipticke_a line_n lest_o they_o shall_v excee_v the_o bond_n yet_o the_o sun_n keep_v one_o manner_n of_o way_n and_o journey_n continual_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o never_o decline_v from_o it_o neither_o unto_o the_o right_a nor_o left_a side_n but_o still_o keep_v his_o proper_a place_n immovable_a both_o in_o the_o rise_n and_o set_v in_o either_o quarter_n and_o be_v all_o alike_o in_o the_o winter_n and_o summer_n season_n the_o declination_n also_o of_o the_o sun_n do_v show_n and_o appear_v to_o be_v equal_a be_v on_o either_o side_n the_o equator_fw-la so_o these_o do_v witness_n that_o the_o sun_n continual_o 〈◊〉_d his_o yearly_a motion_n describe_v and_o keep_v under_o that_o line_n name_v the_o ecclipticke_a but_o the_o other_o planet_n do_v neither_o keep_v continual_o the_o sun_n way_n nor_o be_v draw_v in_o a_o right_a path_n like_o he_o but_o digress_v on_o either_o side_n the_o sun_n way_n do_v wander_v the_o zodiac_n by_o a_o crooked_a or_o bend_a course_n as_o one_o while_o move_v into_o the_o north_n and_o a_o otherwhiles_o into_o the_o south_n and_o from_o thence_o return_v unto_o the_o sun_n way_n as_o the_o like_a knowledge_n may_v be_v have_v and_o discern_v by_o the_o eye_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o learned_a practisioner_n describe_v the_o sun_n course_n in_o the_o middle_a place_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o imagine_v from_o it_o a_o latitude_n to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o zodiac_n which_o the_o ancient_a astronomer_n determine_v to_o be_v of_o either_o side_n 6._o degree_n but_o the_o late_a writer_n have_v increase_v the_o same_o by_o add_v twoe_o degree_n to_o either_o side_n through_o the_o digression_n of_o mars_n and_o venus_n from_o the_o sun_n way_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o note_v to_o digress_v and_o decline_v little_a less_o than_o eight_o degree_n so_o that_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o whole_a zodiac_n in_o our_o time_n be_v conclude_v and_o agree_v to_o be_v of_o 16._o degree_n and_o the_o latitude_n be_v reach_v on_o either_o side_n from_o the_o middle_a space_n of_o the_o sun_n circle_v toward_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n eight_o degree_n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o zodiac_n although_o in_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o circle_n neither_o the_o beginning_n nor_o end_n can_v be_v assign_v which_o bend_v or_o be_v draw_v perfect_o round_a into_o itself_o and_o both_o close_v and_o contain_v itself_o yet_o the_o practisioner_n have_v assign_v by_o the_o principal_a and_o most_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o godly_a father_n to_o be_v in_o the_o poiut_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a spring_n which_o be_v by_o the_o sun_n come_v unto_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n or_o true_a by_o the_o change_n of_o the_o moon_n that_o follow_v next_o the_o equinoctial_a spring_n be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v that_o the_o year_n then_o begin_v so_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o reckon_v the_o zodiac_n from_o that_o point_n where_o the_o motion_n and_o working_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o author_n and_o shower_n of_o the_o yearly_a space_n ensue_v which_o after_o the_o day_n and_o
of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o the_o other_o by_o the_o section_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o equatoure_n that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o equatour_n and_o zodiac_n do_v divide_v in_o two_o part_n each_o half_a circle_n as_o well_o of_o the_o equatour_n as_o the_o zodiac_n therefore_o the_o one_o condition_n of_o the_o colour_n go_v by_o the_o solsticiall_a point_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricorn_n and_o the_o further_a point_n from_o the_o equatour_n whereof_o it_o be_v name_v the_o solsticiall_a colour_n the_o other_o be_v name_v the_o equinoctial_a colour_n see_v it_o enter_v by_o the_o say_v equinoctial_a section_n which_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n that_o be_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n so_o that_o these_o colour_n divide_v aswell_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o the_o zodiac_n into_o four_o quarter_n in_o that_o they_o go_v by_o the_o four_o principal_a point_n of_o they_o the_o colour_n general_o be_v call_v all_o the_o great_a circle_n draw_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n which_o take_v their_o name_n thereof_o insomuch_o as_o they_o never_o be_v discern_v or_o see_v whole_a in_o the_o turn_n about_o of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o other_o circle_n but_o unperfect_a and_o lack_v for_o both_o the_o ark_n right_a against_o one_o another_o about_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o thwart_a sphere_n be_v not_o see_v both_o at_o once_o for_o they_o be_v either_o continual_o in_o sight_n to_o we_o and_o never_o draw_v away_o or_o hide_v like_o unto_o those_o which_o be_v near_o to_o the_o elevate_v pole_n or_o else_o they_o never_o appear_v in_o sight_n to_o we_o but_o be_v continual_o hide_v from_o we_o as_o those_o which_o be_v the_o opposite_n but_o the_o reach_a of_o the_o colour_n fasten_v in_o the_o two_o circle_n extend_v and_o pass_v by_o the_o four_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o ecclipticke_a as_o the_o equinoctial_o and_o solsticials_n which_o touch_v one_o another_o in_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n do_v in_o their_o cyrcumference_n make_v right_a angle_n and_o part_v the_o zodiac_n and_o equatoure_n into_o four_o equal_a quarter_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o equinoctial_o rest_v in_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n the_o other_o contain_v the_o solstiticiall_a point_n be_v call_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o solstice_n the_o colour_n of_o the_o equinoctial_o be_v a_o great_a circle_n movable_a and_o every_o where_o alike_o draw_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n or_o equatour_n and_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n as_o the_o beginning_n of_o aries_n and_o libra_n make_v with_o the_o equatour_n right_o spherical_a angle_n with_o the_o zodiac_n thwart_o angle_n for_o oftentimes_o the_o great_a circle_n by_o a_o mutual_a touch_v together_o do_v make_v right_a angle_n in_o the_o sphere_n as_o they_o cut_v in_o two_o part_n or_o into_o equal_a half_a circle_n and_o by_o the_o pole_n one_o another_o and_o contrariwaise_v when_o they_o cut_v one_o another_o by_o the_o pole_n then_o do_v they_o form_v and_o make_v right_a angle_n with_o their_o cyrcumference_n and_o part_v one_o the_o other_o into_o equal_a part_n as_o write_v theodosius_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr sphera_fw-la and_o in_o propositi_fw-la 18._o 19_o 20._o and_o 21._o or_o thus_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o equinoctial_o which_o be_v name_v the_o equinoctial_a colour_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o first_o point_n of_o aries_n &_o libra_n where_o the_o two_o equinoctial_a point_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o that_o the_o sun_n cause_v a_o like_a day_n and_o night_n in_o every_o place_n or_o for_o that_o these_o point_n be_v in_o the_o equator_fw-la whereof_o it_o be_v call_v the_o colour_n distinguish_v the_o equinoctial_o so_o that_o the_o two_o colour_n cross_v one_o another_o on_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n at_o right_a spericall_a angle_n it_o be_v call_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o equinoctial_o for_o that_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o equinoctial_a point_n as_o by_o the_o beginning_n of_o aries_n &_o libra_n which_o they_o call_v the_o equinoctial_a point_n for_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n happen_v into_o either_o of_o they_o the_o day_n and_o night_n be_v of_o equal_a length_n throughout_o the_o earth_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v twice_o in_o the_o year_n as_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o harvest_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v the_o equinoctial_a spring_n and_o at_o this_o day_n be_v about_o the_o eleven_o of_o march_n which_o be_v the_o day_n before_o gregory_n the_o other_o the_o harvest_n spring_n and_o happen_v in_o our_o time_n the_o 14._o of_o september_n that_o be_v three_o day_n afore_o lambert_n whereof_o arise_v this_o ancient_a verse_n lampert_n gregori_n nox_fw-la est_fw-la aequata_fw-la diei_fw-la the_o colour_n of_o the_o solstice_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n movable_a and_o every_o where_o alike_o draw_v by_o the_o solsticiall_a point_n or_o the_o beginning_n of_o cancer_n &_o capricornus_fw-la and_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n and_o equatoure_n make_v right_o spherical_a angle_n with_o both_o for_o of_o both_o be_v the_o pole_n comprehend_v and_o according_a to_o theodosius_n propo_fw-it lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr spera_n that_o by_o any_o twoe_o circle_n cross_v one_o the_o other_o when_o a_o third_o devide_v the_o part_n of_o both_o equal_o and_o in_o two_o part_n the_o same_o be_v the_o great_a circle_n and_o pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o both_o but_o that_o which_o pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o other_o circle_n do_v part_v it_o in_o two_o part_n and_o at_o right_a angle_n here_o may_v be_v demand_v why_o the_o other_o twoe_o be_v call_v the_o solsticiall_a point_n see_v the_o sun_n stay_v no_o where_o which_o be_v thus_o answer_v that_o the_o sun_n digress_v from_o either_o equinoctial_a point_n by_o his_o proper_a motion_n do_v daily_o depart_v from_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n till_o he_o come_v unto_o the_o solstitial_a point_n where_o he_o be_v further_a distant_a from_o the_o equatoure_n but_o immediate_o after_o he_o begin_v to_o return_v and_o come_v again_o unto_o the_o equatour_n till_o he_o come_v unto_o the_o other_o equinoctial_a point_n so_o that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o sun_n further_a distance_n which_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n or_o capricornus_fw-la and_o of_o the_o same_o call_v the_o solstice_n in_o that_o the_o sun_n stay_v there_o that_o be_v cease_v from_o his_o further_a go_v or_o departure_n and_o begin_v again_o to_o come_v to_o the_o equatoure_n for_o the_o sun_n after_o his_o come_n unto_o that_o point_n depart_v and_o come_v again_o to_o the_o equatour_n so_o that_o the_o end_n the_o departure_n and_o beginning_n of_o his_o come_n be_v the_o solstice_n therefore_o not_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n stay_v there_o be_v they_o call_v the_o solstice_n although_o about_o those_o point_n of_o the_o go_n and_o come_v of_o the_o sun_n it_o be_v so_o small_a that_o for_o four_o sire_n or_o more_o day_n after_o he_o seem_v in_o judgement_n as_o it_o be_v to_o stay_v in_o one_o declination_n and_o therefore_o for_o that_o cause_n may_v be_v name_v the_o solstitial_o these_o of_o sundry_a as_o of_o campanus_n be_v also_o call_v tropic_n point_n through_o the_o sun_n return_v and_o these_o may_v be_v call_v uerticiall_a or_o cardinal_a circle_n see_v they_o go_v by_o those_o top_n of_o the_o world_n and_o express_v or_o show_v the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o zodiac_n moreover_o see_v certain_a part_n of_o these_o circle_n be_v near_o the_o pole_n be_v hide_v and_o the_o other_o right_n against_o they_o nothing_o at_o all_o discern_v at_o any_o time_n therefore_o be_v it_o that_o they_o be_v call_v in_o greek_a kolouroi_n which_o be_v in_o english_a maim_v and_o unperfect_a as_o proclus_n diadochus_n mocrobius_fw-la and_o capella_n write_v but_o this_o agree_v not_o in_o the_o right_a horizont_n see_v there_o be_v no_o part_n of_o heaven_n which_o do_v always_o remain_v there_o hide_v but_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o astrolobie_n how_o large_a soever_o the_o same_o be_v yet_o only_o these_o circle_n appear_v continual_o unperfect_a yet_o further_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o solstice_n or_o the_o circle_n distinguish_v the_o solstice_n which_o also_o be_v call_v the_o solstitial_a circle_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n draw_v and_o pass_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o zodiac_n and_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o same_o and_o by_o the_o beginning_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricornus_fw-la it_o be_v call_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o solstice_n in_o that_o it_o pass_v by_o the_o solsticiall_a point_n as_o by_o the_o beginning_n of_o cancer_n and_o capricornus_fw-la which_o be_v name_v the_o solsticiall_a point_n for_o that_o in_o they_o the_o solstice_n be_v cause_v that_o be_v the_o sun_n come_v unto_o
north_n and_o south_n so_o that_o the_o foresay_a right_a section_n do_v part_v the_o horizont_n and_o cyrcumference_n of_o the_o same_o into_o four_o quarter_n the_o four_o principal_a wind_n of_o the_o common_a sort_n be_v thus_o call_v that_o which_o blow_v from_o the_o east_n the_o levant_n wind_n and_o that_o right_a against_o it_o the_o ponent_fw-la that_o from_o the_o north_n transmontanus_n and_o that_o right_a against_o it_o the_o meridional_a these_o four_o of_o late_a year_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o 32._o wind_n after_o the_o note_a line_n and_o point_n draw_v in_o the_o sailor_n card_n and_o other_o map_n every_o where_o to_o be_v see_v also_o the_o sailor_n compass_n do_v express_v so_o many_o wind_n direct_v by_o the_o adamant_n or_o lodestone_n which_o how_o the_o same_o do_v direct_a and_o show_v the_o wind_n need_v not_o here_o be_v show_v see_v the_o same_o be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o every_o sailor_n which_o by_o the_o guide_n of_o their_o compass_n direct_v their_o course_n in_o cloudy_a weather_n either_o by_o day_n or_o night_n in_o mark_v diligent_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n how_o they_o coast_n to_o return_v unto_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o meridiane_a the_o diversity_n of_o meridianes_n be_v no_o otherwise_o cause_v than_o the_o swell_a of_o the_o earth_n as_o in_o the_o first_o part_n i_o have_v sufficient_o write_v the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v that_o one_o like_o part_n of_o heaven_n can_v be_v the_o top_n or_o height_n of_o every_o place_n therefore_o one_o meridiane_n can_v serve_v all_o place_n but_o that_o in_o all_o place_n a_o proper_a meridiane_a be_v cause_v over_o the_o head_n the_o meridiane_n also_o be_v that_o which_o when_o the_o sun_n come_v unto_o the_o high_a over_o we_o foreshow_v by_o his_o work_n and_o heat_n the_o midday_n this_o meridiane_n be_v a_o great_a circle_n passing_z by_z y_z â—_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n and_o zenith_n or_o a_o direct_a point_n over_o the_o head_n abide_v immovable_a at_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sphere_n this_o circle_n be_v differ_v to_o every_o city_n and_o people_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n and_o be_v a_o proper_a meridiane_fw-la cause_v over_o the_o head_n for_o this_o be_v manifest_a that_o at_o the_o change_v of_o the_o verticiall_a point_n there_o be_v cause_v a_o other_o meridian_n through_o the_o swell_a and_o roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n also_o a_o man_n may_v of_o one_o meridian_n line_n describe_v many_o as_o write_v johannes_n a_o regio_fw-la monte_fw-fr for_o in_o that_o instant_n of_o the_o noonetide_n by_o let_v down_o right_a a_o plum_n line_n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o line_n cause_v a_o new_a meridiane_a line_n on_o the_o platform_n therefore_o these_o with_o the_o verticiall_a line_n in_o the_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o horizont_n cross_v one_o a_o other_o at_o right_a angle_n do_v indicate_v the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n as_o the_o meridian_n line_n the_o north_n and_o south_n the_o verticial_a line_n the_o east_n and_o west_n the_o horizont_n form_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n of_o which_o the_o one_o be_v call_v the_o east_n rise_v or_o easterly_a quarter_n or_o end_n the_o other_o call_v the_o west_n set_v and_o quarter_n of_o the_o west_n the_o meridiane_a define_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o low_a and_o high_a of_o heaven_n and_o the_o quarter_n or_o middle_a motion_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n time_n of_o which_o that_o consist_v the_o upper_a half_a sphere_n be_v name_v the_o high_a place_n and_o middle_n of_o heaven_n the_o other_o which_o contain_v the_o low_a place_n right_a against_o it_o call_v the_o bothom_n or_o low_a of_o heaven_n the_o meridiane_a be_v a_o great_a circle_n immovable_a not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o every_o where_n but_o to_o every_o place_n peculiar_a and_o proper_a draw_v by_o the_o top_n of_o the_o place_n and_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n unto_o which_o the_o sun_n carry_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n do_v in_o the_o day_n time_n cause_n high_a noon_n and_o in_o the_o night_n time_n draw_v right_a against_o it_o cause_v midnight_n if_o this_o circle_n be_v movable_a like_o other_o then_o at_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sphere_n will_v it_o depart_v from_o our_o zenith_n and_o so_o loose_a the_o name_n of_o the_o meridiane_a neither_o will_v it_o divide_v in_o proper_a place_n under_o it_o the_o artificial_a day_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n see_v by_o that_o motion_n the_o meridiane_a shall_v approach_v near_o to_o one_o part_n of_o the_o horizont_n then_o to_o the_o other_o part_n nor_o shall_v it_o stay_v the_o horizont_n at_o right_a angle_n of_o which_o it_o be_v number_v and_o account_v amongst_o the_o outward_a circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n the_o like_a affirm_v proclus_n write_v that_o the_o meridiane_a be_v none_o of_o those_o circle_n which_o be_v note_v and_o deck_v with_o star_n for_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o sphere_n be_v distinguish_v by_o star_n whereby_o those_o circle_n may_v more_o easy_o be_v know_v in_o heaven_n the_o meridiane_n be_v change_v by_o the_o continual_a change_v of_o place_n in_o the_o swell_a or_o emboss_v of_o the_o earth_n according_a to_o longitude_n for_o by_o go_v continual_o right_a forth_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o west_n it_o do_v purchase_v new_a meridianes_n as_o by_o go_v three_o mile_n forth_o then_o be_v a_o other_o point_n of_o heaven_n differ_v from_o the_o first_o over_o a_o man_n head_n and_o go_v further_o by_o four_o minute_n of_o a_o degree_n proclus_n affirm_v that_o 300._o furlong_n cause_v no_o sensible_a alteration_n to_o happen_v of_o the_o meridian_n and_o this_o be_v mean_v of_o those_o which_o be_v place_v under_o diverse_a meridianes_n and_o parallel_n for_o those_o which_o be_v place_v under_o one_o parallel_n and_o diverse_a meridianes_n perceive_v and_o see_v no_o alteration_n at_o all_o he_o which_o go_v straight_o from_o the_o north_n into_o the_o south_n or_o they_o which_o direct_o journey_n towards_o either_o of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n do_v continual_o travail_v under_o one_o meridiane_a in_o that_o all_o merdianes_n do_v go_v from_o one_o pole_n to_o another_o therefore_o no_o journey_n cause_v by_o this_o mean_v a_o other_o meridiane_n there_o be_v as_o many_o meridians_fw-la in_o number_n as_o there_o be_v difference_n of_o verticiall_a point_n right_a over_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o go_v towards_o the_o east_n and_o west_n the_o half_a of_o the_o equinoctial_a have_v 180._o degree_n whereof_o the_o cosmographer_n do_v assign_v and_o distinguish_v so_o many_o meridians_fw-la in_o such_o sort_n that_o each_o meridiane_a do_v pass_v by_o the_o twoe_o opposite_a degree_n of_o that_o equinoctial_a and_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n the_o longitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v the_o arcke_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a circle_n or_o of_o any_o parallel_n contain_v between_o two_o meridianes_n of_o which_o the_o one_o lie_v over_o the_o fortunate_a isle_n and_o the_o other_o streach_v over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o proper_a place_n note_v where_o the_o same_o distance_n of_o place_n be_v gather_v from_o the_o fortunate_a isle_n at_o the_o equinectiall_a or_o at_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n the_o fortunate_a isle_n be_v situate_v and_o lie_v in_o the_o sea_n call_v oceanus_n libicus_n beyond_o mauritania_n between_o the_o equatoure_n and_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n which_o in_o our_o time_n be_v call_v the_o isle_n of_o canary_n and_o lie_v further_o into_o the_o north_n from_o the_o equatour_n than_o ptolemy_n note_v or_o account_v they_o but_o the_o latitude_n they_o account_v to_o be_v a_o space_n of_o the_o earth_n lie_v between_o either_o pole_n account_v in_o the_o meridiane_a draw_v by_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n or_o a_o whole_a tract_n of_o the_o earth_n know_v and_o streach_v beyond_o and_o on_o this_o side_n the_o equatoure_n towards_o either_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n they_o establish_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o latitude_n in_o the_o equinoctial_a as_o in_o the_o middle_a circle_n exquisite_o between_o either_o pole_n and_o common_a bind_v to_o both_o the_o southerly_a and_o northerly_a place_n so_o that_o the_o latitude_n of_o a_o place_n be_v the_o ark_n of_o the_o meridiane_n between_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o parallel_n draw_v by_o the_o top_n of_o the_o place_n or_o it_o be_v the_o distance_n of_o a_o place_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a this_o always_o be_v account_v in_o that_o meridian_n which_o hang_v direct_o over_o the_o top_n of_o the_o place_n and_o to_o one_o degree_n of_o the_o same_o do_v 500_o surlong_n or_o 15._o german_a mile_n answer_v the_o ark_n of_o the_o latitude_n do_v not_o differ_v from_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o in_o the_o stand_n only_o for_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n
and_o orchades_n that_o be_v into_o the_o north_n and_o east_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o further_a bind_v of_o scotland_n but_o three_o day_n sail_v if_o prosperous_a wind_n be_v their_o help_n at_o this_o day_n man_n have_v find_v beyond_o thylen_n but_o somewhat_o into_o the_o east_n and_o most_o large_a bound_n stretch_v and_o find_v beyond_o the_o arctic_a or_o northerly_a circle_n &_o these_o be_v whole_a without_o break_v of_o any_o sea_n between_o and_o contain_v suetia_n norway_n iseland_n grunland_n and_o lapeland_n the_o kingdom_n of_o suetia_n appear_v most_o large_a and_o contain_v sundry_a nation_n and_o people_n among_o which_o they_o be_v of_o most_o account_n the_o east_n and_o west_n gutland_n people_n inhabit_v near_o to_o norway_n and_o under_o the_o king_n of_o suetia_n be_v the_o lapeland_n people_n as_o the_o finelapon_n and_o dikilapon_n where_o be_v a_o wild_a and_o fierce_a people_n dwell_v almost_o under_o the_o pole_n arctic_a especial_o the_o lapeland_n people_n to_o who_o the_o sun_n never_o set_v in_o the_o summer_n for_o 40._o day_n space_n above_o these_o inhabit_v a_o people_n of_o a_o cubite_fw-la long_a or_o high_a have_v small_a and_o crooked_a body_n name_v of_o some_o pygmalion_n that_o live_v under_o a_o very_a dark_a and_o bitter_a cold_a air_n or_o sky_n and_o above_o scania_n near_o to_o the_o west_n bound_n of_o suetia_n do_v norway_n stretch_v into_o the_o north_n who_o uttermost_a limit_n extend_v unto_o the_o 71._o degree_n almost_o of_o the_o northerly_a latitude_n above_o this_o be_v the_o country_n name_v iseland_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n and_o sea_n where_o throughout_o the_o year_n it_o so_o bitter_o freeze_v that_o through_o the_o icy_a sea_n there_o thick_o freeze_v it_o permit_v no_o ship_n to_o come_v unto_o they_o except_o in_o the_o three_o hot_a month_n of_o the_o year_n it_o abound_v with_o brimstone_n and_o burn_v in_o many_o place_n through_o the_o sulphur_n &_o brimstone_n vein_n pliny_n write_v that_o the_o ocean_n sea_n in_o north_n be_v very_o large_a which_o in_o these_o our_o day_n be_v well_o know_v this_o also_o be_v learn_v of_o certain_a skilful_a sailor_n which_o inhabit_v and_o very_o much_o have_v travale_v this_o coast_n that_o they_o know_v not_o the_o limit_n or_o bound_n of_o this_o sea_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o suppose_v that_o this_o sea_n do_v compass_v the_o whole_a earth_n by_o this_o sea_n dwell_v many_o and_o mighty_a people_n as_o the_o dane_n the_o swedens_n norway_n gotelande_n finelands_n russian_n and_o pruchenians_n and_o under_o the_o pole_n arctic_a the_o lapland_n the_o reason_n why_o in_o these_o place_n such_o force_n of_o moisture_n abound_v be_v for_o that_o a_o daily_a and_o continual_a cold_a of_o these_o place_n gather_v and_o thickn_v the_o air_n and_o by_o a_o continual_a work_n resolve_v into_o water_n for_o when_o the_o air_n be_v not_o thorough_o purge_v by_o the_o sun_n beam_n than_o the_o weakness_n of_o they_o and_o far_o distance_n of_o the_o sun_n from_o these_o place_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v continual_o thick_a and_o dark_a which_o afterwards_o yield_v and_o give_v plentiful_a flood_n by_o dew_n and_o reins_n albert_n make_fw-mi in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr natura_fw-la loci_fw-la and_o 8._o chapter_n assign_v a_o witty_a and_o laudable_a reason_n why_o the_o northerly_a be_v inhabitable_a the_o cause_n he_o set_v down_o in_o that_o sundry_a skilful_a mariner_n affirm_v that_o have_v many_o time_n sail_v into_o the_o northerly_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n sea_n that_o in_o those_o place_n be_v a_o continual_a darkness_n which_o when_o man_n see_v they_o return_v for_o fear_n suppose_v nay_o rather_o doubt_a that_o none_o can_v sail_v any_o further_a in_o that_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n through_o the_o darkness_n and_o thick_a mist_n which_o hinder_v the_o direction_n of_o their_o journey_n so_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o place_n can_v be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o we_o see_v no_o man_n as_o the_o learned_a report_n have_v attempt_v thither_o through_o extremity_n of_o cold_a their_o bear_a sway_n and_o for_o that_o exceed_a cold_n be_v a_o mortify_a quality_n therefore_o a_o man_n may_v conjecture_v that_o few_o live_a creature_n and_o beast_n can_v there_o live_v etc._n etc._n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o northerly_a ocean_n unto_o the_o easterly_a side_n be_v sufficient_o know_v to_o many_o traveller_n although_o the_o uttermost_a bound_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o whole_o know_v yet_o the_o near_a aprroach_v to_o they_o shall_v here_o be_v apply_v as_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earth_n distant_a between_o peru_n the_o realm_n of_o america_n and_o cathaya_n to_o express_v 315._o degree_n or_o if_o any_o mind_n to_o account_v the_o longitude_n from_o the_o fortunate_a isle_n they_o may_v by_o a_o whole_a circle_n contain_v they_o even_o as_o the_o whole_a orb_n about_o in_o a_o manner_n do_v partly_o give_v place_n to_o the_o water_n and_o be_v partly_o dwelling_n for_o man_n beast_n and_o other_o live_a creature_n although_o some_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o inhabit_v than_o other_o but_o as_o touch_v the_o latitude_n if_o toward_o the_o north_n in_o the_o country_n of_o lapous_a &_o the_o south_n towards_o the_o utmost_a coast_n of_o america_n shall_v end_v see_v y_fw-es â—_o utmost_a distance_n of_o the_o earth_n have_v very_o little_o be_v note_v of_o this_o shall_v small_a error_n be_v cause_v if_o two_o place_n offer_v or_o give_v be_v place_v under_o the_o equatour_n of_o which_o the_o space_n be_v seek_v than_o the_o ark_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o latitude_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o ark_n of_o the_o distance_n neither_o do_v the_o verticiall_a circle_n differ_v from_o the_o equatour_n for_o the_o equatour_n of_o either_o place_n do_v contain_v the_o verticiall_a point_n as_o may_v appear_v in_o this_o tryangle_n note_v with_o a._n b._n c._n of_o which_o if_o 15._o germane_a mile_n be_v wrought_v into_o part_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n and_o any_o scruple_n after_o remain_v divide_v those_o by_o 4._o for_o by_o so_o many_o minute_n of_o a_o degree_n do_v a_o german_a mile_n answer_n that_o the_o distance_n shall_v make_v as_o ptolemy_n write_v of_o the_o place_n under_o the_o equatour_n the_o high_a land_n or_o mountain_n of_o the_o satyr_n in_o the_o country_n of_o syna_n who_o longitude_n be_v of_o 175_o degree_n and_o no_o minute_n nor_o have_v any_o latitude_n myrica_fw-la a_o isle_n of_o ethiope_n under_o egypt_n who_o longitude_n be_v of_o 85._o degree_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n between_o the_o meridians_fw-la of_o these_o place_n be_v straight_o or_o right_o and_o contain_v a_o whole_a quarter_n or_o 60._o degree_n the_o like_a be_v these_o place_n stand_v under_o the_o equatour_n colipolis_n a_o city_n of_o india_n beyond_o the_o river_n ganges_n which_o have_v the_o longitude_n 194._o degree_n and_o 20._o minute_n &_o essina_fw-la the_o great_a mart-towne_n of_o aethiope_n under_o egypt_n who_o longitude_n be_v of_o 70._o degree_n and_o 3._o minute_n the_o angle_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n which_o the_o meridians_fw-la of_o these_o compass_n be_v blunt_a and_o contain_v 94._o degree_n and_o 17._o minute_n again_o the_o same_o or_o the_o like_o meridians_fw-la contain_v and_o make_v a_o sharp_a angle_n of_o 43_o degree_n as_o of_o the_o city_n nubarta_n of_o taprobane_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v sumatra_n and_o colipolis_n of_o ind_n beyond_o or_o above_o ganges_n for_o it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o west_n 122._o degree_n and_o 20._o minute_n and_o this_o contain_v 164._o degree_n and_o 20._o minute_n if_o two_o place_n be_v give_v the_o one_o stand_v under_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o other_o distant_a towards_o any_o other_o quarter_n from_o it_o the_o first_o that_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n be_v straight_o to_o these_o here_o place_v in_o that_o if_o two_o place_n give_v the_o one_o shall_v be_v under_o the_o equatoure_n but_o the_o other_o distant_a from_o the_o same_o towards_o some_o quarter_n they_o must_v the_o angle_n of_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n be_v consider_v if_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v right_a then_o shall_v the_o distance_n of_o either_o place_n be_v the_o quadrant_a of_o the_o great_a circle_n as_o in_o this_o tryangle_n a._n b._n c._n where_o the_o letter_n a._n represent_v the_o pole_n of_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o place_n give_v that_o the_o one_o be_v stand_v in_o the_o point_n b._n under_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o ark_n a._n b._n be_v the_o quadrant_a and_o that_o the_o other_o consist_v in_o the_o letter_n c._n the_o angle_n then_o of_o the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n be_v c._n a._n b._n be_v right_a by_o regio_n a_o montano_fw-la de_fw-fr trangulis_fw-la appear_v
one_o on_o the_o northerly_a and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o southerly_a side_n of_o it_o and_o the_o beginning_n of_o either_o be_v the_o hot_a the_o end_v cold_a the_o middle_a of_o they_o exquisite_o temperate_a in_o the_o other_o part_n do_v the_o heat_n either_o so_o much_o the_o more_o exceed_v or_o the_o bitter_a cold_a overcom_v and_o rule_v as_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v or_o come_v unto_o the_o burn_a zone_n or_o otherwise_o unto_o either_o of_o the_o extreme_a zone_n which_o continual_o cause_v a_o bitter_a and_o a_o extreme_a cold_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o diversity_n be_v through_o the_o sun_n beam_n for_o the_o sun_n continual_o move_v in_o the_o middle_a journey_n of_o heaven_n describe_v between_o the_o two_o tropic_n and_o digress_v or_o go_v beyond_o the_o prefix_a bound_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o show_v his_o beam_n unto_o diverse_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o one_o manner_n but_o unto_o the_o place_n right_a under_o and_o in_o the_o burn_a zone_n the_o tract_n or_o country_n contain_v under_o they_o do_v he_o send_v down_o right_a beam_n which_o stretch_v to_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n at_o right_a angle_n and_o unto_o the_o country_n of_o either_o temperate_a zone_n do_v the_o sun_n send_v down_o thwart_v or_o slope_v beam_n and_o unto_o the_o place_n under_o either_o cold_a zone_n do_v he_o stretch_n long_a beam_n on_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o earth_n even_o the_o like_a as_o be_v near_o to_o the_o horizone_n which_o neither_o reach_n unto_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n nor_o cause_n angle_n but_o keep_v a_o equal_a distance_n unto_o it_o do_v stretch_n forth_o infinite_o but_o those_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v neither_o give_v light_n nor_o heat_n but_o turn_v backward_o in_o that_o the_o property_n of_o the_o reflection_n which_o of_o the_o beam_n against_o a_o solider_fw-la resistance_n prohibit_v or_o let_v the_o penetration_n be_v a_o certain_a repercussion_n and_o reverberation_n that_o increase_v and_o double_v the_o force_n of_o the_o direct_a beam_n and_o by_o the_o reflexed_a beam_n to_o it_o adjoin_v or_o at_o the_o least_o by_o his_o virtue_n apply_v and_o communicate_v see_v this_o reflection_n be_v the_o especiall_a cause_n of_o the_o heat_n and_o that_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o reflection_n fall_v do_v continual_o make_v or_o be_v equal_a in_o the_o angle_n for_o that_o cause_n do_v they_o much_o unlike_a increase_n the_o force_n of_o the_o directe_v beam_n and_o their_o effect_n do_v notable_o vary_v so_o that_o in_o the_o burn_a zone_n the_o reflection_n stretch_v unto_o right_a angle_n see_v the_o straight_a or_o right_a beam_n be_v carry_v &_o lead_v into_o themselves_o in_o such_o sort_n that_o as_o direct_v and_o reâ—lexen_n they_o meet_v and_o be_v mix_v and_o in_o this_o double_v as_o it_o be_v the_o virtue_n and_o force_n of_o the_o direct_a beam_n be_v on_o such_o wise_a increase_v that_o it_o kindle_v burn_v and_o consume_v and_o in_o either_o temperate_a zone_n be_v the_o reflection_n cause_v at_o right_a angle_n in_o that_o the_o sun_n beam_n do_v thwart_o reach_v to_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o be_v turn_v and_o extend_v backward_o unto_o thwart_a angle_n which_o how_o much_o the_o near_o and_o like_a they_o be_v to_o the_o right_n so_o much_o the_o near_a do_v they_o join_v either_o beam_n together_o by_o which_o they_o procee_v and_o come_v into_o the_o near_a part_n of_o the_o burn_a zone_n but_o so_o much_o the_o blunt_a as_o they_o stretch_n so_o much_o the_o long_o do_v they_o separate_v either_o beam_n as_o how_o much_o the_o more_o they_o be_v extend_v unto_o the_o extreme_a or_o outmost_a bound_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n do_v they_o more_o heat_n than_o the_o fore_a part_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n who_o heat_n be_v a_o little_o gentle_a or_o mild_a than_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o burn_a zone_n and_o the_o beam_n a_o little_a further_o of_o who_o cold_a notwithstanding_o differ_v somewhat_o from_o the_o extreme_a or_o outmost_a untemperate_a zone_n and_o those_o which_o stretch_n and_o fall_n into_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o either_o temperate_a zone_n do_v cause_n a_o mean_a between_o the_o right_n and_o very_o sharp_a angle_n and_o yet_o not_o direct_o match_v or_o join_v nor_o do_v they_o by_o so_o near_o a_o space_n communicate_v their_o virtue_n as_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o neither_o by_o so_o large_a a_o distance_n as_o in_o the_o end_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n in_o a_o manner_n so_o that_o they_o cause_n and_o increase_v a_o temperate_a heat_n in_o the_o same_o zone_n but_o in_o the_o extreme_a or_o cold_a zone_n be_v no_o reflection_n of_o beam_n cause_v for_o those_o beam_n equal_o distant_a from_o the_o earth_n be_v streach_v forth_o infinite_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n do_v those_o neither_o give_v light_a nor_o move_v or_o procure_v heat_n neither_o do_v those_o zone_n at_o any_o time_n warm_a either_o perfect_o clear_a or_o appear_v bright_a but_o that_o they_o continual_o be_v foggy_a misty_a dark_a and_o bitter_a or_o extreme_a cold_a through_o the_o continual_a mist_n which_o more_o and_o more_o increase_n especial_o towards_o the_o northerly_a pole_n and_o yet_o many_o affirm_v a_o reasonable_a dwell_n in_o those_o place_n yea_o and_o under_o the_o northerly_a pole_n but_o far_o cold_a and_o bitter_a dwelling_n through_o the_o far_o be_v from_o the_o way_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o behold_v of_o the_o comfortable_a star_n for_o the_o sun_n through_o he_o over_o far_o distance_n can_v by_o his_o presence_n above_o the_o earth_n comfort_n and_o heat_n this_o now_o be_v the_o perfect_a cause_n of_o the_o diverse_a and_o universal_a coustitution_n of_o the_o air_n and_o chief_a quality_n in_o each_o zone_n so_o that_o of_o the_o particular_a constitution_n be_v other_o cause_n but_o to_o return_v unto_o the_o temperate_a zone_n the_o latitude_n of_o either_o temperate_a zone_n be_v of_o 43._o degree_n almost_o of_o german_a mile_n 645._o and_o of_o furlong_n 21500._o so_o that_o the_o boreallor_n northerly_a zone_n begin_v from_o the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n end_v at_o the_o arctic_a circle_n or_o at_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n 66._o and_o 31._o minute_n and_o the_o southerly_a from_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n be_v extend_v or_o reach_v unto_o the_o antarcticke_a circle_n or_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o southerly_a latitude_n 66._o and_o 32._o minute_n the_o untemperate_a cold_a zone_n that_o reach_v from_o either_o temperate_a unto_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n do_v move_v continual_a cold_a and_o frost_n so_o that_o the_o beam_n of_o the_o sun_n although_o they_o pierce_v and_o enter_v through_o yet_o see_v they_o extend_v not_o backward_o nor_o through_o the_o reflection_n or_o streach_v backward_o be_v strengthen_v and_o sharpen_v therefore_o can_v they_o not_o so_o heat_n that_o by_o the_o thaw_v they_o dissolve_v the_o earth_n and_o ice_n nor_o put_v away_o or_o void_a the_o mistress_n now_o the_o untemperate_a northerly_a zone_n begin_v from_o the_o 66._o degree_n and_o 31._o minute_n of_o the_o northerly_a latitude_n end_v at_o the_o pole_n arctic_a and_o the_o untemperate_a southerly_a zone_n begin_v from_o the_o same_o bind_v of_o the_o southerly_a latitude_n extend_v and_o end_v at_o the_o pole_n antarcticke_a those_o people_n which_o dwell_v under_o the_o burn_a zone_n be_v name_v of_o the_o greek_n amphiskioi_n amphiscij_fw-la in_o that_o the_o noon_n shadow_n at_o diverse_a time_n of_o the_o year_n go_v or_o be_v cast_v to_o they_o twoe_o way_n as_o towards_o the_o south_n or_o north._n and_o twice_o also_o in_o the_o year_n run_v the_o sun_n right_a over_o their_o head_n as_o be_v demonstrate_v in_o the_o second_o theorme_n of_o euclid_n so_o that_o at_o noon_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o they_o have_v almost_o no_o shadow_n for_o the_o sun_n be_v direct_a or_o in_o right_a line_n over_o their_o head_n at_o noon_n he_o than_o send_v down_o right_a beam_n which_o be_v cast_v or_o streach_v to_o the_o plain_a of_o the_o earth_n at_o right_a angle_n so_o that_o their_o shadow_n fall_v and_o be_v right_n under_o the_o foot_n and_o not_o on_o any_o side_n of_o they_o so_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n be_v without_o the_o vertical_a point_n the_o shadow_n at_o noon_n be_v one_o while_o cast_v into_o the_o south_n and_o another_o while_n into_o the_o north_n unto_o they_o even_o as_o the_o sun_n digress_v from_o their_o top_n or_o noonstéed_n be_v either_o carry_v into_o the_o north_n or_o otherwise_o decline_v into_o the_o south_n this_o sort_n of_o people_n which_o be_v under_o either_o temperate_a zone_n be_v call_v of_o the_o greek_a cosmographer_n eteroskioi_n heteroscij_fw-la in_o that_o they_o have_v a_o single_a
and_o reasonable_a well_o furnish_v of_o all_o thing_n needful_a for_o man_n life_n so_o that_o in_o the_o same_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o equatour_n it_o appear_v that_o through_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o night_n it_o do_v there_o temper_v sufficient_o the_o burn_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n beside_o these_o after_o the_o mind_n of_o hiero._n cardane_n in_o that_o saturn_n mercury_n and_o the_o moon_n which_o proper_o be_v cold_a and_o moist_a planet_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o region_n under_o this_o zone_n but_o especial_o the_o moon_n that_o work_v she_o most_o force_n there_o in_o the_o night_n time_n more_o than_o the_o other_o twoe_o and_o of_o this_o cause_n more_o temperatnesse_n in_o the_o day_n time_n beside_o these_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o those_o people_n have_v two_o summer_n and_o two_o winter_n in_o the_o year_n for_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1530._o at_o the_o will_n and_o charge_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o emperor_n a_o part_n of_o america_n westward_o be_v discover_v where_o peru_n among_o the_o rest_n be_v find_v rich_a both_o of_o gold_n and_o other_o rich_a thing_n and_o costly_a drug_n which_o be_v situate_v in_o longitude_n of_o 290._o degree_n from_o the_o west_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o be_v distant_a 5._o degree_n from_o the_o equatoure_n towards_o the_o south_n but_o what_o substance_n of_o gold_n and_o other_o rich_a thing_n have_v yearly_a be_v bring_v from_o this_o isle_n need_v not_o here_o any_o further_a rehearsal_n and_o the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o note_v of_o the_o other_o two_o zone_n contain_v between_o the_o polare_fw-la circle_n and_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n although_o albertus_n mag._n deni_v a_o commodious_a dwell_n for_o man_n in_o those_o place_n and_o confirm_v the_o same_o by_o probable_a reason_n yet_o experience_n reclaim_v and_o deni_v those_o opinion_n of_o he_o and_o other_o ancient_a writer_n in_o that_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o gothland_n norway_n russia_n lapeland_n groveland_n and_o diverse_a other_o country_n toward_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v inhabit_v and_o well_o people_v and_o galeottus_fw-la naruiensis_fw-la prove_v that_o man_n dwell_v under_o the_o north_n pole_n affirm_v the_o same_o not_o to_o be_v true_a that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o cold_a there_o be_v only_o the_o far_a distance_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o not_o of_o the_o heat_n by_o nearness_n of_o his_o come_n in_o that_o the_o sun_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sign_n in_o which_o he_o be_v either_o increase_v or_o diminish_v they_o with_o us._n beside_o he_o affirm_v that_o the_o cold_a be_v not_o so_o disperse_v round_o about_o as_o that_o it_o compass_v round_o after_o the_o form_n of_o a_o circle_n nor_o that_o the_o heat_n in_o like_a sort_n do_v run_v round_o about_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o earth_n further_o cardane_n write_v that_o under_o the_o pole_n there_o be_v no_o such_o coldness_n as_o some_o suppose_v in_o that_o the_o moon_n venus_n and_o mars_n have_v the_o great_a latitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o other_o beside_o for_o the_o moon_n have_v five_o degree_n to_o the_o north_n venus_n and_o mars_n excee_v unto_o eight_o degree_n northward_o but_o saturn_n which_o be_v the_o author_n of_o cold_a scarce_o perform_v three_o degree_n northward_o beside_o these_o the_o moon_n more_o avail_v northward_o and_o southward_o near_a to_o the_o pole_n than_o the_o sun_n in_o that_o she_o near_o approach_v those_o part_n for_o the_o moon_n as_o above_o say_v have_v five_a degree_n of_o latitude_n as_o well_o to_o the_o north_n as_o south_n so_o that_o when_o she_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o first_o degree_n of_o cancer_n with_o her_o great_a latitude_n northward_o that_o be_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o dragon_n she_o shall_v then_o be_v near_o by_o five_o degree_n to_o the_o northerly_a pole_n than_o the_o sun_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n when_o she_o be_v in_o the_o tail_n of_o the_o dragon_n at_o the_o entrance_n and_o beginning_n of_o capricorn_n she_o shall_v be_v near_o the_o pole_n antarcticke_a by_o five_o degree_n than_o the_o sun_n although_o in_o the_o winter_n the_o moon_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o capricorn_n with_o the_o southerly_a latitude_n of_o four_o or_o five_o degree_n yet_o may_v she_o work_v and_o cause_n more_o in_o the_o change_n of_o weather_n and_o shall_v cause_v more_o in_o scotland_n than_o the_o sun_n in_o that_o her_o power_n and_o virtue_n there_o be_v such_o but_o in_o brasilia_n and_o under_o the_o antarcticke_a pole_n for_o two_o cause_n the_o one_o in_o that_o she_o be_v there_o of_o such_o power_n and_o the_o other_o for_o that_o in_o her_o work_n she_o be_v near_a what_o the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o celestial_a zone_n be_v the_o longitude_n of_o zone_n begin_v from_o the_o west_n and_o be_v extend_v by_o the_o noonestéede_o into_o the_o east_n and_o from_o the_o east_n again_o by_o the_o midnight_n point_n into_o the_o west_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o zodiac_n and_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n do_v describe_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o zone_n for_o the_o sun_n motion_n or_o the_o zodiac_n do_v describe_v the_o burn_a zone_n see_v the_o sun_n on_o the_o one_o part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n go_v towards_o the_o north_n unto_o the_o elongation_n of_o 23._o degree_n 28._o minute_n and_o be_v by_o his_o daily_a motion_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o cancer_n do_v describe_v the_o tropic_a of_o cancer_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v of_o the_o two_o zone_n the_o burn_a zone_n and_o northerly_a temperate_a zone_n and_o on_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n do_v the_o sun_n go_v into_o the_o south_n unto_o the_o same_o elongation_n and_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o capricorn_n do_v likewise_o describe_v the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v of_o the_o other_o twoe_o zone_n in_o that_o it_o distinguish_v the_o burn_v from_o the_o southerly_a temperate_a zone_n and_o the_o space_n also_o include_v in_o these_o two_o circle_n use_v the_o middle_a place_n be_v call_v the_o burn_a zone_n and_o thus_o the_o burn_a zone_n do_v employ_v 46._o degree_n and_o 57_o minute_n the_o pole_n of_o the_o zodiac_n which_o be_v daily_o about_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n from_o which_o they_o differ_v 23._o degree_n and_o 28._o minute_n and_o be_v draw_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o first_o mover_n do_v describe_v two_o circle_n in_o the_o diverse_a part_n of_o heaven_n as_o the_o polare_fw-la circle_n which_o also_o be_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o zone_n that_o distinguish_v the_o twoe_o temperate_a from_o the_o cold_a zone_n so_o that_o the_o latitude_n of_o either_o cold_a zone_n unto_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o world_n be_v of_o 23._o degree_n and_o 28._o minute_n the_o other_o degree_n of_o the_o semicyrcle_n be_v atribute_v to_o the_o temperate_a zone_n so_o that_o either_o zone_n contain_v 43._o degree_n and_o 3._o minute_n what_o be_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o earthly_a zone_n the_o longitude_n of_o the_o earthly_a zone_n be_v like_a to_o the_o longitude_n of_o the_o celestial_a as_o from_o the_o west_n by_o the_o noon_n steed_n into_o the_o east_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o the_o midnight_n point_n again_o into_o the_o west_n and_o the_o latitude_n of_o they_o be_v like_a to_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o celestial_a zone_n for_o as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o celestial_a burn_a zone_n be_v unto_o the_o whole_a cyrcumference_n even_o so_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o earthly_a burn_a zone_n unto_o the_o compass_n about_o of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n that_o be_v as_o 47._o degree_n be_v unto_o 360._o and_o so_o likewise_o conceive_v of_o the_o other_o and_o that_o this_o may_v plain_o appear_v use_v the_o figure_n follow_v in_o which_o a_o l_o h_o e._n be_v the_o meridian_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o solstice_n e_fw-la x_o l._n the_o equatoure_n a_o x_o h._n the_o meridian_n s_z u_z p._n the_o earthly_a globe_n s_o n._n the_o earthly_a tropic_n of_o cancer_n k_o o._n the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n t_o u._n and_o q_o p._n the_o arctic_a circle_n to_o these_o answer_n f_o r_o o_o k_o b_o b._n and_o d_o s_o m_o c_o c._n also_o c_o ff_v b_o a_o g_o e_o e_o i._n the_o celestial_a circle_n and_o what_o the_o proportion_n f_o d._n be_v unto_o the_o whole_a compass_n d_o a_fw-fr k_o g_o f_o the_o same_n be_v as_o above_o write_v the_o proportion_n r_o s._n unto_o the_o whole_a cyrcumference_n of_o the_o earthly_a globe_n and_o on_o this_o wise_a conceive_v of_o the_o other_o circle_n the_o letter_n f_o d._n be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o celestial_a burn_a zone_n and_o r_o s._n of_o the_o earthly_a do_v c._n
and_o f_o g._n be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n in_o heaven_n and_o s_o t_o a_o c_o r_o q._n of_o they_o on_o earth_n the_o twoe_o outward_a zone_n to_o these_o here_o draw_v be_v by_o themselves_o note_v as_o well_o in_o heaven_n as_o on_o earth_n now_o that_o we_o have_v declare_v with_o the_o five_o circle_n the_o latitude_n either_o of_o the_o celestial_a or_o terestriall_a zone_n be_v define_v it_o shall_v therefore_o be_v necessary_a to_o write_v here_o of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o earthly_a zone_n in_o mile_n and_o that_o you_o may_v ready_o find_v the_o latitude_n in_o mile_n multiply_v the_o degree_n by_o 15._o in_o that_o so_o many_o german_a mile_n answer_v to_o one_o degree_n of_o the_o great_a circle_n in_o heaven_n as_o the_o 43._o degree_n of_o the_o burn_a zone_n be_v the_o sun_n great_a declination_n multiply_v by_o the_o 15._o mile_n do_v produce_v 705._o german_a mile_n which_o be_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o burn_a zone_n the_o latitude_n of_o either_o temperate_a zone_n contain_v 646._o german_a mile_n almost_o and_o from_o either_o tropic_n unto_o the_o point_n right_a under_o the_o pole_n do_v the_o space_n or_o distance_n contain_v 352._o german_a mile_n where_o be_v the_o beginning_n and_o end_n of_o every_o zone_n according_a to_o latitude_n and_o which_o place_n be_v in_o which_o zone_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o burn_a zone_n be_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n where_o either_o pole_n be_v in_o the_o horizon_n and_o both_o be_v his_o bound_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n aswell_o southerly_a as_o northerly_a be_v of_o 13._o degree_n and_o 28._o minute_n for_o either_o temperate_a zone_n do_v there_o begin_v and_o streach_v unto_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n be_v of_o 66._o degree_n and_o 30._o minute_n which_o place_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o cold_a zone_n by_o these_o now_o may_v a_o man_n easy_o conceive_v which_o place_n be_v in_o which_o zone_n for_o if_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n northerly_a be_v lesser_a than_o 23._o degree_n and_o 28._o minute_n this_o place_n than_o be_v in_o the_o burn_a zone_n as_o the_o inner_a libya_n aethiopia_n a_o part_n of_o arabia_n felix_n and_o india_n but_o if_o the_o elevation_n contain_v precise_o so_o many_o degree_n and_o minute_n the_o place_n than_o be_v in_o the_o bind_v of_o the_o burn_a and_o temperate_a zone_n as_o be_v see_z a_o city_n of_o egypt_n further_o if_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o northerly_a pole_n be_v great_a than_o 23._o degree_n and_o 28._o minute_n yet_o lesser_a than_o 66._o degree_n and_o 30._o minute_n this_o place_n they_o be_v in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n as_o greece_n italy_n spain_n germany_n france_n england_n etc._n etc._n but_o if_o the_o latitude_n be_v precise_o of_o 66_o degree_n and_o 30._o minute_n the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o bind_v of_o the_o temperate_a and_o cold_a zone_n as_o be_v almost_o lagenlaâ—us_a of_o suetia_n last_o if_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n exceed_v 66._o degree_n and_o 30._o minute_n the_o place_n be_v in_o the_o cold_a zone_n beyond_o which_o degree_n have_v nicolaus_n dovis_n a_o german_a add_v a_o table_n of_o noreway_n gothland_n iseland_n greenland_n fineland_n and_o lapeland_n etc._n etc._n how_o the_o zone_n and_o climate_n do_v differ_v the_o zone_n be_v a_o space_n or_o room_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o west_n into_o the_o east_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o the_o midnight_n point_n again_o into_o the_o west_n but_o the_o climate_n be_v a_o space_n of_o the_o earth_n who_o beginning_n be_v constitute_v in_o the_o west_n and_o end_n in_o the_o east_n a_o zone_n also_o be_v the_o space_n of_o earth_n between_o two_o circle_n equidistant_a but_o a_o climate_n be_v the_o only_a space_n or_o room_n of_o the_o habitable_a earth_n contain_v between_o two_o line_n equidistant_a what_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o zone_n be_v to_o the_o celestial_a zone_n be_v quality_n attribute_v not_o formal_o but_o only_o virtual_o that_o be_v the_o celestial_a zone_n be_v neither_o cold_a hot_a nor_o temperate_a but_o of_o this_o name_v cold_a burn_a and_o temperate_a through_o the_o sun_n which_o one_o while_n come_v into_o this_o and_o another_o while_n decline_v into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n doâ—th_v send_v down_o his_o beam_n to_o the_o earth_n in_o sundry_a manner_n as_o one_o while_o plum_n down_o right_o when_o the_o sun_n run_v under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o another_o while_n by_o a_o thwart_a manner_n as_o in_o the_o thwart_a sphere_n which_o beam_n beside_o how_o right_a angle_n they_o make_v on_o earth_n so_o much_o the_o great_a heat_n they_o cause_n and_o how_o thwarter_n angle_v they_o make_v somuch_o the_o weak_a heat_n they_o procure_v so_o that_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a the_o beam_n most_o right_o and_o down_o right_o fall_v do_v make_v right_a angle_n on_o the_o upper_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o through_o the_o same_o cause_v a_o most_o great_a heat_n also_o the_o beam_n fal_v towards_o either_o pole_n do_v cause_n thwarter_v angle_n and_o they_o make_v the_o angle_n more_o uneven_a or_o thwarter_n and_o thereof_o the_o same_o heat_n be_v the_o lesser_a and_o in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n especial_o in_o the_o summer_n the_o beam_n do_v make_v almost_o angle_v fall_v unto_o a_o rightness_n but_o in_o the_o winter_n unto_o a_o thwartnes_n so_o that_o in_o the_o same_o region_n be_v a_o commodious_a dwell_n but_o in_o the_o cold_a zone_n the_o angle_n be_v cause_v unlike_o or_o uneven_a &_o thwarte_v or_o slope_v as_o in_o the_o burn_a zone_n they_o be_v right_a and_o most_o downward_o in_o somuch_o that_o the_o cold_a zone_n even_o as_o the_o burn_a be_v commodious_a to_o dwell_v under_o for_o the_o beam_n fall_v and_o reflexed_a how_o much_o near_o they_o fall_v and_o be_v together_o somuch_o the_o strong_a and_o mighty_a they_o move_v and_o cause_v the_o heat_n as_o we_o daily_o see_v that_o the_o sun_n in_o the_o noonstéed_n be_v as_o in_o the_o summer_n to_o cast_v or_o stretch_n down_o almost_o perpendicular_a or_o down_o right_a beam_n which_o beam_n also_o be_v almost_o reflect_v into_o themselves_o of_o which_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o day_n than_o be_v cause_v and_o contrariwise_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o the_o east_n or_o west_n where_o you_o e_z beam_n streach_v downward_o and_o reflex_v be_v scatter_v and_o run_v abroad_o the_o effect_n be_v lesser_a and_o the_o heat_n much_o abate_v and_o feeble_a even_o so_o the_o beam_n in_o the_o burn_a zone_n be_v perpendicular_a or_o plum_n downright_a which_o reflex_v into_o themselves_o do_v cause_v a_o most_o great_a heat_n in_o the_o temperate_a zone_n do_v the_o beam_n bylitle_o and_o little_o fall_v sloper_n and_o sloper_n of_o which_o they_o cause_v there_o a_o temperate_a heat_n but_o in_o the_o cold_a zone_n the_o beam_n further_a decline_v or_o fall_v slope_v through_o which_o they_o procure_v no_o effect_n &_o of_o the_o consequent_a cause_n there_o a_o very_a weak_a heat_n what_o the_o utility_n of_o the_o zone_n be_v 1_o the_o ancient_a considerer_n of_o the_o star_n have_v thus_o institute_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o zone_n for_o two_o cause_n the_o one_o be_v that_o by_o this_o reason_n they_o may_v show_v to_o we_o which_o place_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v reasonable_o habitable_a &_o most_o commodious_a to_o dwell_v under_o 2_o the_o other_o be_v as_o we_o learn_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n and_o nature_n of_o place_n by_o they_o appear_v and_o be_v know_v in_o that_o the_o air_n compass_v we_o be_v a_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o temperatnes_n for_o the_o manner_n and_o condition_n of_o man_n as_o write_v galen_n do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n ensue_v the_o temperament_n of_o the_o body_n yea_o the_o nature_n of_o tree_n plant_n herb_n and_o beast_n do_v like_a ensue_v the_o temperament_n of_o air_n of_o which_o that_o we_o may_v be_v the_o sure_a and_o certain_a of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o foresay_a matter_n it_o please_v the_o ancient_a to_o divide_v they_o into_o five_o zone_n of_o which_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o body_n of_o man_n or_o people_n dwell_v under_o the_o burn_a zone_n as_o the_o moor_n be_v short_a of_o stature_n they_o those_o people_n dwell_v under_o the_o temperate_a zone_n wild_a and_o cruel_a also_o they_o be_v crafty_a and_o subtle_a of_o nature_n have_v beside_o wrinkle_a face_n thick_a crisp_a hair_n on_o the_o head_n and_o black_a scorch_a body_n and_o crooked_a of_o stature_n also_o all_o live_n and_o cresent_a thing_n be_v find_v to_o agree_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o air_n in_o that_o region_n further_o the_o people_n dwell_v under_o the_o northerly_a parallel_n or_o polare_fw-la circle_n