putrefaction occasioned by moist Rheums and other indigested Moistures dedescending on them or Inflamations occasioned by Lumps Knots or Kernels under the Chaul proceeding from cold or immoderate labour and many times the Mourning of the Chine by a Horse's immoderate Leaping a Mare or over-straining himself in the action And this may likewise happen by his eating too much raw meat or drinking upon a suddain heat and many other ways which when I come to treat of Diseases I shall largely discourse on But first I shall proproceed to let you know how Horses ought to be used to prevent their contracting Diseases as much as in the superficial Schemes of Art the greatest Artists of this kind have allowed and the means are chiefly five as Cleansing Blood-letting Purging Sweating and Vomiting The first of these may be said to be twofold as outward and inward the first being by cleansing his external Parts by care and good dressing which ought the more diligently to be observed upon his being taken up from Grass and the time limited for that by the curious is Bartholomew-tide for then the heart of the Grass beginneth to decline And this may be done in the manner which I have often recited in what relates to Dressing nor is it at all inconsistent with Reason that the cleansing the Skin from dust and dirt and loosening it in every part by gentle rubbing should enliven the Horse and render him more sprightly so that Nature having her free course and progress without restraint may opperate in dispersing kind refreshment to every part and keep those gross humours from setling that are frequently the origiâ—al of Diseases and Grievances and if so it happen that your Horse be mirey and foul then may you use Fulling-earth Soap and other scowring Materials especially with warm Water but then having an especial care he catch not cold thereupon keeping him warm and well drying him till he be thorowly cold and in so doing you will prevent those moist Diseases wherewith he is otherwise afflicted And the better to effect this cut away all the superfluous hairs that any way anoy the body or other parts c. And so being shooed and neatly dressed I leave him to the Second Part which consists in the Internal cleansing and purging Directions for which in consideration of more immediate or particular Directions take in the following Chapter CHAP. XVII How a Horse ought to be used in general and particular as to his Physick Diet and Looking to for the preservation of him even to old Age. THough I have named what I intend to propose in the foregoing Pages yet let not the Reader considering the consequence and validity of what I shall here propose think it amiss that I select a Chapter for no other purpose and that the advantage may neither be delayed nor appear small in the Eyes of the Reader or Practitioner take a prospect of it in the following Directions As for inward Purging the measures ought to be taken from the temperature of the Horse's body and more especially in case of his retirement at such a time that no hard labour or immoderate exercise has been imposed on him And in this case if you find him costive or that in case of Evacuation nature help not as in usual cases let some one with a small Arm penetrate his Fundament and draw thence the Dung that obstructs or at least clogs the fluent or natural passage that so both the natural and artificial Motions and Causes proceeding from Drugs or composition of Purgation may opperate and perfect their intended design and may be best administred Clyster-wise But then consider the constitution of your Horse If he be fat and somewhat inclining to foulness it must be a strong potion that will effectually opperate but not so if the Horse be weak and melancholy But waving 'em here I shall speak more particularly of them in due place as also of Drinks which ought to be made and seasonably given for the preventing sickness and preservation of health and if you find the Blood coagulated which may be perceived by the trembling of the Veins and the working of it therein then it is requisite to let him Blood and give him a gentle Vomit to carry the foulness from off the stomach that may be the occasion of bad digestion and consequently of the naughtiness of the Blood Dieting him with Mashes and fine Provender from which may spring such wholsome nutriment as may create a thin and airy Blood rubbing and often anointing his Body with Hogs Lard or Ointment of Marshmallows And now to be satisfied what things mostly contribute to health take the following Opinions of the Learned viz. A good natural constitution good digestion good nourishment moderation in feeding and diet moderation in labour and sleeping moderation in leaping Mares Again wholsome Airs not laboured too soon after Grass to be kept from raw Meats not to drink nor eat being hot ever observing to walk him at the end of any Journey and not to Physick him unless you find occasion And these observances being the occasion of long life I shall endeavour for the better satisfaction of the Reader more fully to demonstrate them As for Nature good Digestion and sound Nutriment they ought to be consonant and indeed they are well proportioned when neither the moisture with its humidity is not so predominant as to quench and over-power the heat nor the extraordinary heat too suddainly consume the moisture though of necessity the latter must be of force above the former or else Digestion cannot be perfected as it ought and in that case seasonable nourishment must consequently fail Moderation in Eating is another main cause of long life as immoderate Eating is of a short one For as excess in Eating though the Provender be never so good and wholsome obstructs good digestion and contracts crudities with a bad habit of stomach so on the contrary spare Diet weakens and decays Nature and infeebles the natural powers and faculties of Life giving the heat by that means a power absolutely to subdue and conquer the Radical moisture and gives Diseases an opportunity to break in upon the infeebled body which prove many times too hard for the Farrier for in all Creatures observe that the weaker Nature is the stronger is the distemper Another cause of health and long life proceeds from moderate and kind labour for by indifferent motion digestion is much forwarded and the humours dispersed being by that means prevented from setling more than is requisite in any one place besides it is the cause that Excrements are sooner voided which by lying long in the body might occasion sickness And further observe that he be not laboured upon a full stomach so as by over-straining digestion may be hindred which should turn to nutriment and lay a foundation for Diseases by indigested Crudities being too suddainly drawn into the Veins and by that means dispersed into all parts of the Body
Another cause there is of the like nature that depends upon the moderateness of sleeping and waking for too much waking is an enemy to health by spending the vital spirits that should support and maintain life and a decaying that moisture that should refresh the several parts of the body causing thereby Leanness and Barrenness a dulling of the Brain and a defect in the Lungs and Liver whose offices it weakens by decaying the vigor in the performance and contrary to this excessive sleeping dozes the brain hinders digestion and obstructs nature in the performance of her offices contracting noxious vapours and a foulness of the stomach Another thing to be considered is that your Horse be not admitted to spend himself too much upon Mares because such immoderate exercise weakens the Brain Back and Eyes wastes the Vital Spirits and often shortens the days of many a brave Horse and therefore if you would have your Horse last long let him not cover above three or four Mares in a year at the most or if your conveniency will not at all times admit you to keep him from them then Geld him whilst young for it is ever observed that a Gelding lives longer naturally than a Stoned-horse and a Mule than them both because he is not subject to generation Wholsome Air above all things is to be chosen for that rarifies the blood helps digestion and comforteth the Vital spirits when-as gross Air or evil scents not only make the Horse loath his Provender but corrupt the Blood and subject the whole body to diseases Travelling after Grass too soon without purging and cleansing the Horse's body cause the bad humours to incorporate or by spreading themselves to afflict each part with pains and disorders reducing the Horse to a dullness of temper and disposition and so raw meats engender raw flegmatick humours afflicting the Stomach and Brain occasioning the Glaunders Coughs Catarrhs Stavers Yellows Anticors and Morfoundring not only disable the Horse but if neglected become incurable but by death Another cause there is and that not to be lightly regarded which is not to suffer your Horse to eat or drink when hot and to stand thereon for by so doing the Blood will corrupt and putrifie occasioning Surfeits Feavers Obstructions and many the like Maladies and Grievances frequently occasioning death But as soon as you bring him home in that condition put him into a warm Stable without washing Rub or cause him to be well rubbed down Cloath him well and let him have a sufficient quantity of warm Litter to stand on and if he be subject to eat it put on his Muzzle and so let him stand an hour or more till his grease be sufficiently cooled and you 'l find him in a fit condition to give him his Provender And lastly that he may be well breathed and sound winded thereby being enabled to hold out as occasion shall require you may at seasonable times mix with his Provender the Powder of these following Seeds and Drugs c. viz. Cummin and Anniseeds Powder of Licoris and Ellecampane-Roots Farberries Brimstone Flower and the Roots of white Lillies Hysop Horehound Savin Coltsfoot the Seeds of Marshmallows Rue and Polipodium of the Oak and any of the like quality that will occasion good Wind and prevent Infections purifie the Blood and help the Liver in the performance of its office that is to rarifie the nutriment by a good digestion but you must not mix over-much at a time especially when you first begin it least he take disgust at the scent or taste and so reject his Provender but increase the quantity by degrees not giving him any above twice a week and then let it be Morning and Evening CHAP. XVIII An exact Description of the Veins of a Horse how scituate in the Body as also of Blood-letting and how and upon what account of Sickness or other defect they are to be opened for the prevention of death or danger HAving thus far discoursed in Generals and Partiticulars of what relates to a good Horse or Mare of any sort or kind that thereby the Reader might instruct himself I shall proceed to what yet remains material to be known especially to Farriers and such who undertake the Cure of Horses which is to give an account of the several parts of the Body so as they may be distinguished as occasion shall require but especially of such parts as shall be found most usefull on immergent matters and the Veins being the pipes or conduits that carry off Blood and consequently nutriment to all parts of the Body I think it highly convenient to say something in the first place of them From the Liver note there ariseth one large Vein which like a conduit supplies the rest of the branches which are many in number and spread themselves throughout the Body like little Rivolets or streams And of these two material ones are found in the Palate of the Mouth above the first and third Barrs which ought to be opened by a discreet Farrier when the Horse is afflicted with any Malignant pain or disease in the Head or Stomach Two more there are that descending which from the lower part of the Eyes descend to the Nostrils and are best opened when the Eyes are afflicted with any distemper or grievance Two others there are above his Eyes which are called Temple-Veins because they run cross the Temples and these are generally opened for cold diseases in the Head. Two great ones there are likewise that run along the Wind-pipe by the sides of it from the uppermost Joynt of his Chaps to the Breast commonly called Neck-Veins and these are opened for sundry diseases being the most usual Veins that are opened There are two other Veins that arise from between the fore-legs and are called Breast-Veins because they end on the top of the Breast and these are opened in case of Surfeits Feavers or Heart-sickness Two others there are which ascend from the fore-legs but rise not so high as those before mentioned and these rest upon the foremost bough of the fore-leg and are generally called Plat-Veins and are opened in case of Foundering or any other grief or grievance in the Legs or Limbs Other two there are that pass from the Elbow of the fore-shoulder down along the inside of the fore-legs being known by the name of Shank-Veins which are generally opened in case of Splents Spavins Mallenders or Sallenders c. Then are there four Veins which run along the Fetlocks of the Horse known by the name of Shackle-Veins and these although they are small are yet important ones and by bleeding cure the stiffness of the Joynts and prevent Foundering Then are there four more about the Corronets in his Hoofs called Corronet-Veins and are opened for the Ring-bone and Surbating In the Hoof are four more which circle his Toes called Toe-Veins and are opened for fretting and foundering Two great Veins there are that descending from his Stones pass along the inside
CHAP. III. HOw to set a horse off for Sale to the best advantage by Trimming Washing c. As also directions for the Management of a horse in Hunting relating to his Leaping c. 200 How to make a Ball wherewith a horse being well Lathered and smoothed down shall look exceeding sleeâ— and comely 20â— How to Manage a Horse in Leaping taking a Hedgeâ— Gate Stile Ditch c. 20â— CHAP. IV. WHat the Stable to keep a good horse in ought to be and how he ought to be regarded the hoofs hoâ—â— to be corrected and minded in Shooing c. 20â— Critical Days and the Observation thereon 20â— Some further Considerations upon the Cause of Diseases aâ—â— how to Remove them c. 21â— The Spirits what they are with their Office c. 21â— A further Description of the External Parts c. 21â— The Gentlemans New Iockey or Farriers Approved Guid Impostume Falling Evill Head ach Staggers Eye Water Film in the eyes Diseases in the Eyes Pearl Pin or Web Bleeding at Nose Glanders Cold Canker in the Mouth or 〈◊〉 Horse â—ye Mouth diseases Kernells Stangles Pole Eril Crick in Neck Falling of the Cresst Mangines Stains in the Shoulder Windgall or Strains in the Shoulder Fistula Knobs old hard Pain in the Wither Back swancked Narell Gall Fundament or Moth fallen out Glister their use Itch in the Tail Lask or Bloody Flux Laxativeness or Loos Pitâ—ges Scowring Blood Spaâ—in Shacklegand Ringbone Tough hoof Brittle hoof Founder Frettize Back sinue Strain Cut or heweing Enterfaring Hurts in Cronet Quitter bone or Maltlong Stub or Hurt Prick in foot Surbated Sinnu Spraine Sprain Splinter Spaâ—in Facion Over reach Legs swelled Grease fallen Dropsy Scratches Founder Garget Belly ach Collick Pissing blood Burnt by a Mare Cod bruised or bitten Stiff in bone Reader the minde of this Cutt is readily to direct you to the 〈…〉 London printed for Nicholas Boddington in Duck Lane. THE Gentleman 's New Jockey OR FARRIER'S Approved Guide CHAP. I. Excellent Rules and Instructions highly necessary to be observed in the Election and Choice of good Breeders how and at what time c. a Mare ought to be Covered how ordered being with Foal and after Foaling With many other things of the like nature WHEN any Gentleman or other Person is desirous of a good Breed of Horses or Mares that may redound to his Pleasure and Profit the chief thing is to Elect a Stallion and Mare or Mares in whom Nature has not been defective but rather fitted and framed for Beauty and promising service of what kind soever shall be premeditated or proposed by the Master And in this â—ase Instructions how unerringly to chuse such as may â—nswer the largest expectation will not be amiss for â—s the Sire and Dam are such will the Colts prove Those that have been Curious in these matters generally agree That the Mare for breed ought to be about four years old altogether free from Diseases and Sorrances clear limbed and well proportioned her Eyes lively and sparkling standing somewhat out of her Head her Ears standing direct her Buttocks broad and well fleshed with a large Womb little Head well-set Shoulders and an Arched Neck her Legs even and her Neighing sharp and clear with fair Hoofs and large Ribs one that is not used to trip stumble interfere or given to any untowardly vice And to answer her The Stallion ought to have a little Head inclining to leanness a swelling Forehead full Ears with Eyes quick and standing out being somewhat speckled with Blood his Nose crookt or bending his Nostrils wide and Neck arch-wise with a large throple and curling Mane broad and well-set Shoulders large Knee-joynts and lean Legs a well-set Chest broad Back large Ribs a gaunt Belly Straits Fillets and good Pasterns well knit and well proportioned of Colour bright Bay or Cole black though in this case other Colours may prove good both as to the Mare and Stallion as will appear when I come to describe the Goodness by the Colour c. A good choice thus made it will be altogether convenient to feed your Stallion for a time in the Stable with heartning Provinder as Splent-beans Oats or sod Barley to render him lusty and mettlesome yet let him feed on good green Pasture at least a day before you suffer him to back your Mare for fear that by reason oâ— the stiffness of his Limbs and pursiveness he brake hiâ— Wind by over-straining himself in the Action If thâ— Mare who must be suffered to Run in good warm Pasture appear averse and by her striking or other way seeming-unwilling decline the company of the Stallion then will it be convenient to put some little Stone Nato woo her taking away the Stallion and when he haâ— brought her to a complyance take him away withouâ— suffering him to leap her and bring the Stallion to he again about Sun-rise the Ground being well fenced about and no doubt she will suffer her self to be Covered and if the Horse be very head-strong and unruly it will not be amiss if two strong Men lead him to her and manage him according to their discretion for fear he injure himself or the Mare Then let a third stand ready with a Bucket of Water to cast upon the Mares Shape with all his force so soon as the Horse dismounts her thereby to make her shrink up her Body and suddainly close the Womb for the better Retention of the Seed and in fifteen days after if you imagine she has not thorowly conceived which will appear by her turning her back-part to the Wind pricking up her Ears often scenting the Air and Neighing you may put the Horse to her again and order her in the like manner But if the Mare be notwithstanding defective in conception to remedy that fault occasioned mostly by two much Blood take a pint of Blood from either side her Neck four or five days before your Horse Covers her and the day after bleeding take a quart of warm Milk half a pint of the Juyce of Mugwort London-Treacle and sweet Butter of each two ounces dissolve them together and being well mixed give them to her in a Drenching-horn luke-warm and you will find the effects answer your expectation especially if twice or thrice repeated the succeeding mornings when she is fasting Now if she has conceived well her Belly within four or five days will appear gaunt her Hair more bright and shining her regard of Horses or noises will be little her Ears will flag and she will decrease in flesh Ways there are to oblige either Stallion or Mare in case of Aversness by rubbing a Spunge in the Mares Shape and â—ith it rubbing the Horses Noses as likewise by rubing the â—hape of the Mare with Aquavitae Cow-Itch Nettle-seed 〈◊〉 the like But these being vulgarly known I shall â—ave them and proceed to what is more material to â—e known Some are of opinion that knitting the right Stone of the
bathe therewith the Legs or Thighs from above the Knee and from the Cambrels downwards or for want of these Neats-foot Oyl after which chafe it in with your hands and in often so doing in all places where you see occasion you will wonderfully restore his Limbs rendring them supple and plyable There are many things to be observed from the Sweating of a Horse especially from that which proceeeds without External force occasioned by hard labour or the like for then is the Horse faint foul fed or wanteth Exercise to evaporate the abundance of watery humours which he hath contracted And especially this is to be noted when his Sweat is white and frothy like a Lather of Soap but in case of Heats and other considerable labour to create Sweat if it appear black and pearly like clear water then is the Horse in a good plight oâ— habit of Body especially if he be lively and brisk not in the least afflicted with any shaking or trembling for that infers the Sweat forced out by some Internal disorder rather than naturally evaporated And now seeing the Causes of Sickness are very material to be known that is from whence they arise that so the Skill in Curing may be the greater and the Remedies to be applied more powerfull and certain in their Operation as also the causes of health and long life Take for your better Experiment what you find in the subsequent Chapter CHAP. XVI Of the Elementary parts of a Horse's Body and of the Agreement of the Humours therewith A discourse of Corruption and Generation in which is set forth all things of that kind relating to Goodness or Badness Health or Sickness c. CErtain it is that no Man can truly pretend to Experience of this kind unless he duly weigh the Nature of Generation and Corruption for on them as on the Collumns of this Art stand what is material of this kind These two being ever consonant in the main though one Horse's body may differ in Constitution from the other for these being the Suparlative of Elementary subsistance or matter fail not to operate in their turns or as Nature disposes them in their places and degrees and therefore it will be highly convenient to discover them in their Parts and Particles As for the Body of a Horse it differs not in Elementary composition from that of a Man for of all the Elements it consists viz. Fire Air Earth and Water which are indeed the Generatives and Consumers of all Mortal things and beings And although these Elements are different in themselves yet are frequently agreeable in the Composition for the Fire though hot and dry in it self yet compounded with the other Elements in a Mortal frame or bodily composition diffuses a gentle heat to nourish and support life Though the Air is hot and moist but more participating of the latter yet does it temperate the heat of the former and gives a kind respiration and gentle breathing to refresh and exhilerate each Part and Particle The Earth though it is in it self gross and ponderous yet in this composition is it rarified and by its substantial matter composes the frame wherein the rest of the Elements cohabit and being cold and dry serves to temperate the hot and moist The Water though cold and moist in it self serves in this case to moisten and render plyable the Sublunar works of Nature and enabling them to subsist And of these four Mothers of Creation participate more immediately the four humours of which the Bodies of Animal and Rational Creatures are composed as Choler Blood Melancholy and Phlegm the first of Fire the second of Air the third of Earth and the fourth to Water And as these more or less operate so according to their qualities is the Body moved and exposed to heat cold moisture or dryness and consequently to the effects they produce for these have their principal Dominion in the Seats of Life and from thence extend their power and force to every part and member As thus Phlegm possesses the Brain Choler and Blood the Liver and Heart and Melancholy the Spleen which is the Recepticle and Conveyancer of the Excrements of the Liver all of them having distinctly and conjunctly their proper office assigned As thus the Blood is the principal nourisher of the natural frame Phlegm or Moisture renders the Members flexible and complyant in motion and use Choler causeth digestion by its Operative heat and Melancholy disposes to an Appetite and attracteth the grosser parts of Nutrimental Elements and occasioneth the disburthening of Nature It is generally agreed on by the Learned That every Organical-body is supported by four principal instrumental Members and these are held to be the Brain Heart Liver and Genitors these performing their particular offices and functions Por as the Sinews are supported by the Brain the seat of Animal Spirits the Arteries from the Heart or seat of Vital Spirits the Veins which are natural parts from the Liver so the Seminal Vessels are supported by the Genital Parts or Instruments of Generation and these conjoyntly operating are the Elementary Substitutes as participating of their Nature and consequently the Materials of Generation Thus having briefly discoursed of the Elementary parts of the Bodies of Creatures I now proceed from the four Humours Elements and Instrumental Members to the Natural faculties which in this case are the next things to be considered which are Eating Retaining Concocting and Expelling and though all the Humours are Instrumental in promoting these yet principally Nature serves her self but of only one to work upon and that is a wheyish kind of Blood generated in the Liver or attracted thereby from the purest part of such nutriment as has been concocted in the stomach and from thence conveying it self to the Liver and through the great Vein conveying nutriment into all its branches and consequently into all the parts of the Body by dispersing the Rarified blood into every part which by the help of the other Humours supports the frame of Nature As for the watery part of nourishment and that of the grosser substance the one is carried into the Bladder and the other passing into the Bowels are in the end cast out of the Body to make room for more of the like nature But moreover there are two Veins that conduct part of the purest and rarified matter into the Seminal Vessels where by the operation and contractions of the Generative parts it is refined by a gentle heat to a more spirituous quality and so in the end becomes Seed which according to the goodness or badness mixed in the Womb proves effectual or ineffectual for note that if the thin and subtil Blood be wanting to support the Seed and enliven it with heat it frequently fails in performing its office and the Horse becomes frigid and uncapable of performance and is often subject to moist diseases as the Glaunders often proceeding from the Liver and Lungs when they are infected with
hoof the narrow heels the flat hoof the broad frush and the crooked hoof and to these shooes must be purposely made and fitted and the paring be shaped accordingly The Particulars of which being uncertain or at least too tedious for this discourse I refer them to the Skilfull Farrier whose proper business it is to order and reduce them so as they may become practicable and usefull If the hoof be damaged by reason of any Nail that lurks therein not easily to be found it must by all means be looked after and taken thence and the place of its aboad or lodgment may be found by sundry means and ways but chiefly by the heat of that place more than any other or by the Horse's shrinking up his foot or strike thereon or pinch it with your Pincers The place being found pull off the shooe and open the foot gently with a Buttress or Drawing-knife and if you can come at it pull it out if not apply the Plaster I have mentioned for drawing out Thorns Stubs or Splinters Or for your more readiness this Having in the best manner laid open the Wound Take of Stone-pitch Tar Turpentine and Bees-wax of each an ounce and half a quarter of a pint of Juyce of Garlick make them over a gentle fire into a Plaster and apply them as hot as may be endured And sometimes it so happens that by long continuance the Nail in working breaks out above the hoof and in such a case apply Honey Burgundy-pitch and Powder of burnt Allom or a Poultis of Mallows Cammomoil and Groundsel fryed in Hog's Lard and beaten up with the Whites of Eggs and Rye-meal and applying it as hot as may be endured and in so often doing it will break the Skin so that the cause of the grievance may be removed but by the addition of half an ounce of Verdegrease it will bring away the Corruption and heal the Wound Critical Days and the Observation thereon AND now since it may not be amiss to say something of the Critical Days observed by many as to Health and Sickness which relate not only to humane Constitutions but those of all Creatures I shall here incert them These days are accounted such wherein are manifested Alterations in relation to Sickness or Health Life or Death And as for the Critick-day it is ever principally to be observed after the beginning of the sickness as the 3.5.7.9.11.14.17.21.28 In which days so cursarily to be observed no strong Medicines or Purgations ought to be given Nor is it convenient to let Blood unless great necessity require it And other days there are in which many Learned Men hold If Man or Beast fall sick he shall hardly escape and that not without much difficulty which are noted to be these viz. January 1.7 February 3.4 March 1.4 April 8.10 May 2.7 June 10.15 July 11.13 August 3.2 September 3.10 November 3.5 December 7.10 And many add that if any dangerous disease happen on the 10th of August 1st of December or 6th of April it will go very near to terminate in Death Now there are on the contrary other days held to be good days and that if a disease happen on them there is great hopes of recovery nay there is great hopes of succeeding in taking a Journey or any Labour wherein Man or Beast is concerned and these are held to be the 3d and 13th of January The 5th and 28th of February The 3d 22d and 30th of March. The 5th 22d and 29th of April The 4th and 28th of May. The 3d and 8th of June The 12th 13th and 15th of July The 12th of August The 1st 7th 24th and 28th of September The 4th and 15th of October The 13th and 19th of November The 23d and 26th of December And these indeed by the Antients were held in wonderfull esteem they generally taking their measures thereby as to what I have said in relation to them nor are they to be neglected or slighted by Practitioners in Physical or Chyrurgical matters either in relation to Man or Beast no nor in their undertaking relating to Labour or the like but have Some further Considerations upon the Cause of Diseases and how to Remove them Physically discussed c. The cause of a Disease proceeds principally from an effect against Nature and happens either External or Internal the External is that which is outwardly visible and consists generally of what comes by Strokes Bruises Wrenches Scalds Shot or any manner of Wound Those Internal are occult or hid within the body and consequently the less discernable and are divided into an Antecedent and Conjunction The Conjunction is that which is nearest and immediately causes the Disease and is generally held to be the Blood which causes the Phlegm nor is it reckoned the Antecedent doth actually cause the disease but procures matter and stirs it up almost to the creating a disease but between it and the disease are some Causes placed viz. abundance of humours and ill digestion and therefore these things ought to be chiefly considered before any one absolutely attempts to dispell the disease by reason diseases are first cured by removing the Cause Antecedent and after that the Cause Conjunct And as for the External diseases they ought to be known because they breed diseases Internal and very much change the blood and with much diligence are therefore to be sought out that so the Practitioner may be brought to the perfect knowledge of Internal diseases and these External diseases are not either to be avoided or amended but necessarily penetrate the body as Air infected Meat Drink Labour Sleep Watching or Wakefulness Repletion and Evacuation and some disorders that frequently happen or to be avoided as unnecessary as Bruises Strains Slips Wounds Strangling or the like As for the true cause of a disease it sometimes proceeds from corrupt matter whereof they are generated or when either the Sire or Dam is infected with any disease the corrupt quality of which flowing into the Seminal-vessels and transmitting the like to the creature generated making it hereditary and at other times it proceeds from bad usage bad feeding heats colds and many more which I have named in the first Part. And again as I have here hinted Internal diseases may proceed from External strokes bruises or the like And thus much for Physical Observations of this kind From whence I proceed to give an accurate relation of the Spirits by which the frame of Life is supported which take as followeth The Spirits what they are with their Office c. The Spirit is the Aerious and subtil substance of a Body generated of the most pure and thin Blood and is the Original mover and supporter of the Members giving them power to perform their office and is seated chiefly in the Brain and Heart from whence it delates it self by the means of the Nerves and Arteries into all parts of the body and is divided into three parts viz. Animal Vital and Natural the
necessary to be observed in the Election and Choice of gooâ— Breeders how and at what time c. a Marâ— ought to be Covered how ordered being with Foal and after Foaling With many other things of the like nature Page 〈◊〉 CHAP. II. HOw to Manage a good Colt to bring him to be 〈◊〉 excellent Horse and what is to be observed in thâ—â— timely knowledge of what he will be when come to Mâ—turity with the season of Weaning Cutting and 〈◊〉 c. p. â—â— CHAP. III. WHen and how to Break a Colt and render him tame and gentle with the Art of Management on that occasion And many other things necessary and requisite to be known p. 8 CHAP. IV. THe Art of Dressing in General and may serve upon all occasions for bringing a Horse to perfection and render a Groom or Horse-keeper acceptable to Persons of Quality c. p. 10 CHAP. V. HOw to render any tollerable good Horse an excellent Racer And how Running-Horses ought to be managed in Diet Physick and Exercise in order to their being capable of Running a Match with success c. p. 12 CHAP. VI. A Continuation of what is to be done to the Running or Race-horse relating to his Election Dressing Feeding and other Vsage c. p. 14 CHAP. VII HEats what they are and how to be managed to the best advantage in Racing and â—all other Recreatory undertakings p. 17 CHAP. VIII How to make the Bread of the first Make and what ought to be observed in the distribution thereof With many other things p. 19 CHAP. IX OTher things to be taken notice of in regard to the Running-Horse in the second Fortnights Dyet and Ordering p. 22 CHAP. X. THe Running-horse's third and fourth Fortnight and what is to be observed therein as to Diet Vsage and bringing the Horse to the Weighing-Post p. 23 CHAP. XI WHat the Rider ought to be and what by him is to be considered in order to Backing and good Management as also the Office and Duty of a Groom c. p. 26 CHAP. XII INfallible Rules for Buying a good Horse and how so well by sundry marks and tokens to distinguish good from bad as well in case of soundness as diseases as thereby to prevent being imposed on or cheated c. p. 30. CHAP. XIII EXact and Infallible Rules to know the Age of a Horse by the perfections or imperfections of his Teeth in alâ— their particular and general Marks as also by the Tail when the Mark is out of the Mouth c. p. 39 CHAP. XIV HOw exactly to know the state or condition of a Horse's Body relating to Fatness or Leanness Health or Sickness with many other things worthy of note p. 34 CHAP. XV. OBservations to be taken as to the state of a Horse's Body from the Privy-parts Limbs Feeding and many other Matters and Discourses worthy to be taken notice of by the Curious c. p. 47 CHAP. XVI OF the Elementary parts of a Horse's Body and of the Agreement of the Humours therewith A discourse of Corruption and Generation in which is set forth all things of that kind relating to Goodness or Badness Health or Sickness c. p. 49 CHAP. XVII HOw a Horse ought to be used in general and particular as to his Physick Diet and Looking to for the preservation of him even to old Age. p. 53 CHAP. XVIII AN exact Description of the Veins of a Horse how scituate in the Body as also of Blood-letting and how and upon what account of Sickness or other defect the Veins are to be opened for the prevention of death or danger p. 58 CHAP. XIX A Discourse of the Sinews and their Scituation together with their Vse and Office and what farther in that kind is to be observed as to the state of a horse's Body c. with the Description of the Bones c. p. 61 CHAP. XX. OF Blood-letting in general and how to know by sundry signs and tokens the state of a horse's Body when and where it is convenient to let him Blood for the preventing of sickness or recovery of health p. 64 CHAP. XXI A Description of Diseases Grievances or Sorrances incident to Horse's c. to foresee them by sundry signs and tekens and know whence they arise with the ways and methods of Preventing Redressing and Curing them by Approved Rules and Remedies according to the Practice of the best Farriers in all Ages c. p. 68 CHAP. XXII EXcellent Receipts for the Cure of Diseases c. in Horses or Mares according to the best Experience of skilfull Practitioners Many of which were never before made publick p. 70 The Glaunders from what it proceeds and how to Cure it p. 71 The Quinzey in a Horse c. what it is and how to Cure it ibid. A Horse's Bleeding at the Nose how to stay or prevent it p. 72 For Pains in the Teeth or Jaws ibid. The Canker in the Nose what it is and the Remedy p. 73 A Remedy for the Collick Belly-ach or Belly-binding ibid. The Lasks or Bloody-flux and its Remedy ibid. The Botts what they are and their Cure. p. 74 For the Shoulder-strain a good remedy ibid. Broken-wind what it is and to remedy it if not past Cure. p. 75 A Horse burnt by a Mare how to Cure. p. 76 For a dry Cough cold Pursiveness broken Wind or shortness of Breath an excellent Remedy ibid. To restore decayed and putrefied Lungs p. 77 A dry Consumption its Remedy c. ibid. The Breast-pain from whence it proceeds and how to Cure it p. 78 Heart-sickness or the Antecor whence it proceeds and how to remedy it p. 79 Foundering in the Body or Surfeiting how occasioned together with the Remedy ibid. The greedy Worm or hungry Evil what it is and how to be remedied or prevented p. 80 Yellow and Black Jaundice in a Horse the Cause and Cure c. p. 81 Constiveness from whence it proceeds amd its Remedy p. 82 The Cramp or Convulsion in the Nerves or Sinews how occasioned together with the Remedy c. p. 83 The Mourning of the Chine its Cause and the means to Cure it ibid. Irenzy or Madness its Original with the means to remedy it according to the Experienced way p. 84 The falling-Evil its Cause and Remedy p. 85 The sleeping-Evil what it is and the vvay to remedy it ibid. The Horse-Pestilence and its Cure. p. 86 For Chest-foundering the Remedy ibid. For an Obstruction in the Bladder or Windiness in the Bovvels c. p. 87 The Pole-Evil hovv to knovv and cure ibid. The Fistula hovv to discover and cure p. 88 Hard Kernels under the Throat hovv to remove p. 89 For the Navel-gall the Remedy ibid. For a Blovv Bruise or the like misfortune that causes a Svvelling or Tumour the Remedy ibid. The Scratches their Remedy p. 90 For Foot-foundering a Remedy ibid. For a Canker in the Head a Remedy p. 91 For the Mangey or dry Scurvey a Cure. p.
92 The Vives and their Remedy ibid. For swanking in the Back or a strain in the Kidnies caused by indiscreet Riding or over-burthening p. 93 For any pain or foulness in the Reins or Kidnies an excellent Scowring c. ibid. A present relief for an Attaint or Over-reach on the Heel or the like p. 94 A Cure for the Sorranee called the Ring-bone ibid. For the Water-Farcion a Remedy p. 95 For the Ives a Remedy ibid. To take off the Film or Skin from a horse's Eye p. 96 A Mallender the Remedy to cure it ibid. For the Palsey or Apoplexy a Remedy ibid. A Farcion in the Head and Neck to cure p. 97 A Linnament to cleanse a Wound new or old ibid. For Kib'd-heels commonly called the Mules a Remedy ibid. The Quitter-bone what it is with its Remedy p. 98 An excellent Cure for the Blood-spavin c. p. 99 For a Neather Attaint or Over-reach in the Pasterâ— Joynt ibid. For a putrefied Frush the Cure. ibid. To dissolve the Humours and thereby anticipate Diseases p. 100 To soften any hard swelling or contracted hardness ibid. For the Splint Wind-gall or Bladders of Gelly in or about any of the Joynts subject thereto p. 101 To cleanse any putrefied or other Sore the safest way ibid. A Horse Planet-struck how to Cure. ibid. For the Poze or excessive Cold a Remedy p. 102 To remedy or cure Hide-boundness in a Horse ibid. For a wet inward Cough a Remedy p. 103 For a dangerous Cough commonly called the dry Cough ibid. For the Yard of a Horse falling a Remedy p. 104 To prevent the Mattering of the Yard ibid. Of the Diseases incident mostly to Mares and known by the name of the Pestilent-consumption p. 105 How a Mare that is subject to cast her Foal ought to be used ibid. How to oblige a Mare to cast her Foal p. 106 Of the several Feavers in a Horse and how to Cure them c. ibid. For any disease and stoppage in the Liver p. 108 For a Botch or Sorrance in the Groin of a Horse a good Cure. p. 109 For a general Manginess the remedy ibid. The Barbs what they are and how removed p. 110 For Blood-shot Eyes an excellent Remedy ibid. For any Film Bite or Blow in the Eye a Remedy p. 111 To kill Lice or remove Flies from offending your Horse ibid. To rid a Horse from any foulness or disorder in the Body ibid. For an extraordinary Bruise or Bite ibid. For a Horse that is troubled with the Strangling a Cure. p. 112 To remedy the Swelling of a Horse upon having eaten any infectious thing in his Grass or Provender that may if not remedied prove dangerous ibid. For a Heart-burning or Wasting occasioned thereby p. 113 To prevent staling Blood a remedy ibid. Another excellent Remedy for the Farcy vulgarly called the Fashion ibid. An approved Cure for any Sinew-strain or Over-reach ibid. Diseases in the Hoof how to remedy c. p. 11â— Hoof-bound what it is and how to remedy it ibid. To soften or harden a hoof the best way p. 11â— To harden a hoof as occasion requires ibid. For any hurt or Cankerous sore in or on the hoof p. 11â— To oblige a horse to carry his Ears well c. ibid. For the grievance called the Frounce a Cure. p. 117 For a heat which sometimes occasions a breaking out in thâ— Mouth and Lips the Cure. ibid. Wolf-teeth what they are and how to ease their Pains thâ— ready way p. 118 To staunch any Bleeding a speedy way ibid. To supply the defect of the falling of the Crest c. ibid. To cure Manginess or the like disorder in the Crest p. 119 The Navel-gall what it is and its Remedy ibid. For a Sitfast or horney Excressence under the Saddle whereby the horse is disabled from carrying it in good order 〈◊〉 he ought p. 12â— For any Knob or Wen near the Saddle-skirt or the Sides 〈◊〉 the horse a Remedy ibid. For Weakness in the Back a strengthning remedy ibid. For the Swelling in the Cods of a horse naturally or occasioned by any Bruise c. p. 12â— For Burstenness or the Rupture in a horse ibid. The Art of discovering hidden Griefs or Ailments in a horse and from what they proceed p. 12â— The Bone-spavin what it is c. p. 12â— For a Haw in the Eye ibid. For the falling out of the fundament a remedy p. 12â— To preserve a hoof from decaying c. ibid. Interferring what it is and the remedy ibid. A false Quarter what it is p. 12â— The Melt on the heel ibid. An excellent remedy for any Strain or Swelling p. 12â— How to remedy the harm done a horse by unadvisedly and unskilfully letting Blood. ibid. For the Leprosie in horses a remedy with the cause ibid. For any disease in the Lungs an excellent remedy p. 12â— For the Swelling of the horse's Legs the Cure. p. 128 The flying Worm what it is and how to Cure it p. 129 Excellent Directions for the prevention of Diseases in horses at sundry times c. ibid. A Cure for a sore or defective Mouth p. 130 For the Mellet in the heels p. 131 The Stavers their signs cause and cure ibid. For the Stone a very good remedy p. 132 To take away a Wen in the Neck or any part of the horse's Body without danger ibid. The Crownet-Scab what it is together with the Cure. p. 133 To draw out a Thorn or Stump or any Iron or sharp thing gotten into the flesh ibid. For a Strain in the Coffin-joynt c. p. 134 For a horse that is perpetually sick or out of order ibid. For a Cold in the Summer c. p. 135 A Through-splint or Screw-pin what it is ibid. To render a brittle hoof firm and serviceable p. 136 To cure the Anbury ibid. To prevent a horse's pissing Blood. ibid. For a broken Knee ibid. For the Dropsey in a horse p. 137 To joyn a Sinew that is cut ibid. For a Wound or hurt in the Tongue p. 138 For the Itch in the Tail or any other part ibid. Another excellent Remedy for the Tetter ibid. For a hurt or Wring in the Withers ibid. Forms of any sort in the Body of a horse how to kill and remove them p. 139 An excellent Salve for any sort of Wound how to make and apply it ibid. â—n Imposthume to ripen and cure p. 140 For any Internal sickness c. ibid. For the Ach weakness or numb'dness of the Joynts p. 141 How to stay any violent Looseness ibid. â—he Lampas what it is and how to cure it p. 142 For the Fig in the foot of a horse ibid. For the Flanks a disease so called and the way to remedy it P. 143. The Shackle-gall and its cure ibid. A Horse that is Gravelled how to remedy P. 144 Of Cataplasms or Poultises P. 145 For any Swelling Aposthume Rankling Wound or broker Bone. ibid. For a Swelling in the Throat or under the Ears ibid.
To draw or break a Boyl or Vlcerous Sore c. ibid. An excellent Poultis to asswage any Pain or superate Tumour P. 146 A Poultis to break any Infectious Sore ibid. To disperse the Flux or Oppression of Blood in any part ibid. For an Imposthume or sudden Swelling in any part of the Body P. 147. In case of the Palsey in the head c. ibid. To heal and contract any Wound ibid. An inward Balm to destroy Worms and heal Internaâ— Bruises P. 148 An excellent Balm in case of any Sprain Internal Bruise Swelling Blasting old Sore or Gun-shot ibid. An excellent Balm to be given a Horse inward in case of a Consumption ibid. An excellent Red Water to cure Vlcers P. 149 An excellent Water to allay any Internal heat or feaverish Indispondency ibid. In case a Horse be troubled with the Stone an excellent Water ibid. For any disease in the Eyes c. P. 150 An excellent Purgation for Gravel in the Bladder or Kidnies ibid. For the Vlceration of the Yard an excellent Water ibid An excellent Powder for the falling-sickness or falling-eviâ— in a Horse P. 151 A Powder for the Ague which frequently happens especially to young Horses ibid. To purge Choler and Phlegm an excellent Powder ibid. An excellent Bath to allay any Swelling or such-like disorder especially diseases in the Legs occasioned by the descending of evil humours c. P. 152 A Bath to soften and mollifie the Skin ibid. To stanch Blood in any Vein or Artery ibid. An excellent Medicament to provoke a Horse to Vomit as also to purge his Belly P. 153 An excellent Purge good on sundry occasions ibid. or a Joynt-sickness ibid. For an Internal Vlcer ibid. An excellent Electuary for a dangerous Cough or ratling Cold. P. 154 CHAP. XXIII THE Symptoms of Diseases Sorrances Distempers Grievances or the like in general and particular how to foresee them and prevent them as also to know when they happen c. P. 155 CHAP. XXIV DIrections for making and preparing Oyntments Oyls Salves Waters Purgations Poultises Charges Supplements Pills Powders c. singular good in case of any Distemper or Sorrance c. P. 159 â—n Oyntment to search any Wound or Vlcerated Sore or any thing of the like nature ibid. â—n Oyntment excellent good in case of Botches Boils Scabs or the like Sorrances P. 160 〈◊〉 skin any Wound an excellent Oyntment ibid. 〈◊〉 mollifie and asswage any Swelling an excellent Oyntment ibid. An excellent Oyntment to cool and allay any Inflamation ibid. An excellent Oyntment or rather Balsom to be inwardâ— given a Horse for Obstructions Bruises and otheâ— Ailments and Grievances P. 16â— To make a green Oyntment proved by Experience morâ— effectual than what has formerly been published ibid. An excellent Remedy for the Staggers or any Pain thaâ— suddenly takes a Horse sometimes to the loss of hâ— life ibid. An excellent Salve for any Wound P. 16â— An approved Salve to draw any stub thorn or splinter 〈◊〉 Bone or Wood out of the flesh ibid. To fill a Wound Vlcer or the like with good flesh an excellent Plaster P. 16â— A Salve to draw Corruption from the bottom of aâ— Wound or to draw a Swelling or any such grievance to a head ibid. To ripen a Tumour or asswage any Swelling not abounâ—ing with extraordinary humours ibid. An excellent Poultis for a Tumour or Swelling ibid. A Charge to ease a pain in the Back or for any Sprain P. 16â— To mollifie any Chap or rough Sore ibid. For the Eyes of a Horse afflicted by any means an approved Water to cure or ease them ibid. A Water to Wash the Mouth in case of any Sorrance 〈◊〉 defect P. 16â— A Pill good for any Internal disorder c. ibid. A Supplement exceeding good for any strain or grief 〈◊〉 the Sinews c. ibid. A Vomit for a Horse that has a Queesy stomach there 〈◊〉 to render him a good Appetite ibid. To purge Melancholy P. 16â— To purge Phlegm ibid. CHAP. XXV CLysters how to make them and on what occasion they ought to be applied in order to their effectual working and bringing away bad humours P. 167 〈◊〉 case of any Pestilential disease occasioned by a cholerick or firey humour ibid. For any Internal distemper proceeding from Melancholy P. 168 For any distemper Internal occasioned by sanguine corrupt Blood or waâ—ry Humours by means of bad concoction or obstruction c. ibid. For Sickness in general an approved Clyster ibid. â—n case of Restringency or hard Binding P. 169 CHAP. XXVI Cordials Cordial-Powders Drinks and Drenches Purgations and Suppositories wonderfully conducing to the health and strength of a horse P. 170 Diapente an excellent Powder in case of any cold or Pestilential diseases ibid. An excellent Cordial-Ball to be given in case of any Internal distemper and especially to prevent the Consumption or wasting of any part c. ibid. An excellent Drench to cure any Internal distemper proceeding from any of the four Humours of the Body c. especially such as are Pestilential P. 171 â—uppositories and their Vse ibid. CHAP. XXVII PErfumes Baths and Purgations what they are and to what end they serve with the Manner how and under what Considerations they ought to be applied Page 173 Directions for Purging according to the estate and condition of Your House Page 174 CHAP. XXVIII COsticks Corrosives and Rowelling what they are for what causes and in what manner to be applied Page 176 Rowelling what it is and how to be performed Page 177 THE CONTENTS OF THE Second PART CHAP. I. THE Manner of Breaking a Horse the best way and perfecting him in his Paces c. and preserving him from danger c. Page 181 CHAP. II. HOW the Jockies made Old horses look young A lean horse artificially and naturally how fatned by Jockies A Remedy for Restiffness Neighing and the vice of Lying down in the Water The Art of making Stars Snips Blazes setting on false Ears Tails Manes c. Page 189 A Horse subject to lye down in the Water how to remedy it Page 190 A Tired or Restiff Horse to remedy Page 191 To prevent the Troublesomeness of a Horse's Neighing which may prove disadvantageous to the Master especially in time of War. ibid. If a Horse be dull and will not feel the Spur without much wounding c. Page p. 192 To make a lean Horse artificially far or to seem so to the Buyer ibid. To make a lean horse really fat the best and cheapest way Page 193 To make the hair of a Horse that stands rough and staring smooth and sleek 194 To make Hair come where it is thin or to take it away where it is thick ibid. Stars Blazes Snips what they are and how to make them for Ornament or Disguise in any part of the Horse where they may be conveniently scituate 195 To make a Black Star in a white horse 196 To make a Blaze-Royal 198 The loss of Ears how to supply 190
it an ounce of well-washed Alloes And observe in this case above all things to keep him warm The falling-Evil its Cause and Remedy This distemper is caused by a vapour that oppresses or anoys the Vital parts rendering the frame of the body for a time sensless and altogether unable to distinguish what befalls it and has its original from an evil habit of body and its approach is frequently known by the coldness of the Nose and Gristles thereabout The speedy at least the best Remedy is to let him Blood on both the Neck-veins in the Morning when he is fasting and then prepare a dose of the Powder of dried Berries of Misletoe and the Powder of Harts-horn each an ounce of the Oyl of Nutmeg and Pepper each a dram compound them in half a pint of Canary and give it the Horse when you perceive the grief to be coming on him as warm as may be The sleeping-Evil what it is and the way to remedy it This is a distemper frequently occasioned by the over-moistness of the Brain or rather a watery coldness contracted within the cells which chills and numbs the Brain whereby the Horse becomes dozed heavy and stupid ever desirous to sleep yet still troubled with restless dreams and disorders and owes its original to moist feeding in Marshey-grounds whereby abundance of phlegmatick and watery humours have been contracted And in this case likewise letting Blood in both the Neck-veins is much available But further to perfect the cure Take Cammomoil and Motherwort of each a like quantity boil them in a Gallon of Running-water with a pound of Treacle and a handfull of Bay-leaves and give the Horse a pint each Morning fasting as hot as he can endure it keeping him warm and fasting for the space of an hour after and then of Malt or scalded Bran make him a warm Mash The Horse-Pestilence and its Cure. The Pestilence in Horses is either contracted by bad feeding which occasions a corruption or inflamation of the Blood whereby the Heart is afflicted or it happens by being in foggy and infectious Airs or catched by contageon And in any of these cases Take Lavender a handfull the like quantity of Rue and Wormwood as also of Walnut-tree Leaves and an ounce of Alloes boil them in a quart of Water or three pints of Milk till half be consumed then add half a pound of fresh Butter or rather if you can get it half a pint of the sweetest Olive-oyl and straining out the liquid part give it the Horse fasting in the Morning blood-warm repeating a fresh dose every other Morning for the space of a week For Chest-foundering the Remedy To know whether your Horse be Chest-foundered or not observe him standing and if then he do as it were stand drawn up or crimpling with his body or stradling and covet much to lye down running sometimes backward in his going then is it apparent he is afflicted with this grievance To cure which Take Oyl of Peter half an ounce mix it with an ounce of the Oyl of Cammomoil and so proportionably a greater quantity as you see occasion and bathe the Breast with a hot Woollen cloth and when you have in that manner chafed it as well as you can run a hot Iron over it to make it sink into the Skin Do this twice or thrice and give the Horse a quarter of a pint of Salad-oyl and the like quantity of Aquavitae warmed and well mixed together over a gentle fire For an Obstruction in the Bladder or Windiness in the Bowels use this Approved Medicine Of Cake or Castle-soap take twelve ounces scrape it so that it may be rendered very small adding two ounces of Dialthaea Incorporate them well and make them up into balls as big as Pigeons Eggs and when you find your Horse afflicted as aforesaid dissolve one of them in a pint of Ale or Beer and give it him scalding-hot or so hot as he can take it without danger and it will force a passage for the Urin without much difficulty This is also good for the Stone or Gravel in the Kidneys The Pole-Evil how to know and Cure. The Pole-Evil is known by its growing bigger than ordinary on the top of the head where if you find it large take a hot Iron and sear it in a circle after the form of the Figure till the Skin become as it were of a yellowish colour then with a sharp Iron make holes in it one large one in the middle small ones circling it within the first Circle the form of the Iron which must not penetrate above half an Inch you have in the Margin The holes made as directed Take a piece of yellow Arsnick to the bigness of a Pea and divide that or a somewhat larger quantity that a part may be applied to every hole made as aforesaid and cover it over with black Soap then with Hog's Lard and Verdegrease anoint the rest of the place seared and cover it all over with a cloth dipped in the Oyl of Turpentine and so by the corrosive nature of the Arsnick the contracted swelling will be so loosened that with a little cutting or drawing off the bottom the core or cause of the grievance may be drawn out or taken away and this frequently especially according to the constitution of the Horse may be attempted in a week or ten days after the application and having washed the wound with Plantane-water wherein a small quantity of Allom has been dissolved anoint it with Oyl of Roses or Ointment of Tobacco and cover it up close from the Air anointing it once a day till the flesh fill up the hollowness and if proud flesh appear notwithstanding scald it with Salt and Butter The Fistula how to discover and cure A Fistula is the contraction and settlement of bad humours or infection into one place occasioning an Ulcerous Tumour and is best suppressed by Cauterizing in circling it round to prevent its further spreading and likewise to deny the humours that feed its access and when you have with a hot Iron circled it as the former prick it full of holes with a three-square sharp Instrument the Figure of which and of the Circle take notice of in the Margin and so use it in all respects as that of the Pole-Evil if you find it very corrupt but if it appear shallow mitigate the Corrosives to half the quantity and search it in a shorter time letting out the Corruption if it will come forth by applying Lenitives c. And when you find it begin to heal anoint it first with Oyl of Cammomoil and after that to take the effects of the fire quite away with Oyntment of Marshmallows beaten with the White of an Egg or Spermaceti Hard Kernels under the Throat how to remove Take half a pint of Brandy or Aquavitae put into it a quarter of a pound of common Soap boil them till they become thick as a Plaster and apply it Plaster-wise to the place
occasioned thereby Take the Juyce of Wood-sorrel or Field-sorrel a pint Allom-powder two ounces Hart's-horn an ounce the Seeds of Pomgranets two ounces and Spring-water a quart boil them well together and strain out the Liquid part give it the Horse as hot as may be To prevent staling Blood a Remedy Take of Ale a quart the Roes of two red Herrings and three or four Cloves of Garlick boil them together and give them the Horse Morning and Evening that is the Liquid part Another excellent Remedy for the Farcy vulgarly called the Fashion Take Rue Garlick and Cloves of each half a handfull bruise them well and boil them in half a pint of Aquavitae then dip Wool or Lint into the Liquid part and stop it into the Horse's Ears binding it in after that bruise the Bark of the Elder and making an incision in the Forehead and raise the Skin with your Pegging-horn and stop it in under the Skin being first dipped in Oyl of Rosemary then give the Horse a dose of the Juyce of Liverwort mixed with half a pint of Canary and after that warm Mashes An Approved Cure for any Sinew-strain or Over-reach Take Oyl of Bays an ounce Linseed-oyl two ounces put them into half a pint of Aquavitae and being well incorporated add Wine-Vinegar half a pint and boil them to the consumption of a third part then with your hand chafe it in or with a warm cloth swathing it afterward to the best advantage and in so doing you will soon find the effects Diseases in the Hoof how to remedy And first for a Horse that upon sundry occasions is apt to cast his Hoof. The cause of the Hoofs falling off is various for sometimes it proceeds from Gravel and another time from the pricking of an Nail and in these cases it cleaves downward as the humour settles but if it happen by any grievance on the top of the Hoof as the Quitter-bone and the like then must you look to the top of the Hoof and when you there perceive it begin to divide from the flesh or to open at any part then take off the Shooe open the Hoof and pare it as near as may be to the Sole after which steep the foot in Neatsfoot-oyl and the Juyce of Hemlock in which Allom has been dissolved then make an Oyntment after this manner Take of Virgins-Wax two ounces of Verdegrease an ounce of Per-rosin three ounces and Hog's Lard a quarter of a pound to these add the Juyce of green Tobacco a quarter of a pint make them into an Oyntment and pour it into the divided place which done bind it up close with a thick Linne-cloth and in so often doing the flesh will be obliged to cleave to the Hoof and render it firm unless it be too far gone before you attempt it Hoof-bound what it is and how to remedy it This grievance proceeds from some defect in the Hoof or harm taken in the Colt-age whilst it was tender or by the falling down of a humour and the Symptoms are the flesh growing over it more than usual the straitness or narrowness in disproportion â—o the Leg and the sound of hollowness being struck with a Hammer or other material Instrument which being well understood Take Hog's Lard a pound Soap the like quantity â—he Juyce of Baum a pound Bay-leaves a handfull â—he Juyce of Rue a quarter of a pint Incorporate or concoct them well over a gentle fire and steep â—he Hoof in the Liquid part for the space of an hour every morning then dip a cloth in the Oyl of Petrolum and bind it about it To soften or harden a Hoof the best way This Experiment is fitting to be known by all Farriers not only for the advantage of Shooing but for the Travel more or less of the Horse Wherefore in the first place if you perceive the Hoof to be hard and brittle standing out uncomly then try it with a Butress and if you find it brittle and not plyable to be pared or cut then Take of Lime unshaked an ounce Common Soap the like quantity dissolve these into a Lye made of Ashwood-ashes and having prepared a Cataplasm or Poultis of Groundsel Marshmallows Smallage Succory and Sallendine fryed in Neatsfoot-oyl after the Horse's hoofs have been steeped in the Lye for the space of an hour as warm as may well be endured clap the Poultis to them and stop the bottom of the foot well with Flax dipped in Tarr To harden a Hoof as occasion requires If by going in moist ground or moist feeding the Hoof happen to be softned so that it will not well bare a Shooe or be prejudicial in Travelling then to render it capable for either Take the Coles of burnt Leather a pound the water wherein Lime has been shaked and hot Flint-stones quenched two quarts add to them a quart of Lime-juyce and a pound of Bay-salt and in the Liquid part either let the Horse stand or with it bathe his Hoofs after which Take Oyl of Tartar or that of Brimstone and anoint them binding a cloth over them and suffer the Horse to stand dry And by thus often doing you will by experience find your expectation answered For any hurt or Cankerous sore in or on the Hoof. Take if the season permit a pound of black Snails if not other Snails of any kind may serve the purpose of Burdock-roots sliced the like quantity Oyl of Cammomoil four ounces and Olive-oyl a quart boil them together till they are plyable to be layed Plaster-wise to the place grieved To which after you have washed the Sorrance with water wherein Elder has been boiled apply them supplying those first layed with fresh every day till you find the effects To oblige a Horse to carry his Ears well the way This defect happens either for want of a true proportion or by a defect of the Nerves which refuse to administer so great a supply of strength as may support the Ears as they ought to stand for the sake of Ornament Now to strengthen the Nerves or Sinews to that degree Take of Bear 's Fat an ounce Comfry-juyce the like quantity Oyl of Amber a dram the Root of black Helebore beaten into Powder an ounce and with Bees-wax half an ounce and the Oyl of Roses half a pint make these into an Oyntment and anoint the roots of the Horse's Ears as hot as may be well endured repeating it for a week together For the grievance called the Frounce a Cure. This Sorrance is also called by some a Cameroy and is not other than small Knobs or Bladders on the roof of the Mouth or upon the Tongue and the cause for the most part is the Horse's feeding in wet or low Marshes in frosty weather or by eating unsavory Hay in which Vermin have pissed or dunged And further some hold it to proceed from the Horse's licking up unsavory things tending to a Venomous quality To remedy which Take Vinegar and Bay-salt with the Juyce
Sugar-candy or fine Sugar give it him blood-warm fasting and keep him warm with a cloth for the space of two hours after without Meat A Cure for a sore or defective Mouth The sores or disorders in the Mouth are occasioned either by bad blood or excessive colds creating rheums and noisome vapours that afflict the pallate for there they generally begin and from thence descending to the Jaws do in a great measure obstruct the feeding and hinder the shutting of the Mouth Now when it happens in the Palate only the best expedient is to let blood in the Mouth by cutting the third barr or as your discretion leads you The Horse being let blood Take of strong old Cheese four ounces and a Root of Garlick bruise them well and boil them in water wherein Plantane has been concocted and with the Liquid part wash the Mouth and Tongue of the Horse as hot as it may well be endured so continuing often to do till you find the grievances to decrease and if it be so far gone that this proves not effectual Take a pint of Verjuyce a handfull of Bay-salt a quarter of a pint of the Juyce of Housleek and a penyworth of Diascordium boil them well and having washed his Mouth with Savin-water or water wherein Savin has been concocted give him the before-mentioned potion to drink luke-warm For the Mellet in the Heels a Cure. Take three ounces of Casteel-soap a pound of English Honey Allom two ounces and of Lime-juyce or Verjuyce a quarter of a pint with half a handfull of Bean-flower incorporate them over a gentle fire and having reduced them to a convenient thickness bind a part of it with Leather or thick Linnen upon the place grieved suffering it without renewal to continue there for the space of five days and between each renewal wash the place well with Beef-broth keeping his Leg moist and roped up for some days after The Stavers their signs cause and cure This distemper is known by a dizziness in the Head a dullness of the Eyes and disorderly hanging of the Jaws and proceeds in chief from corrupt blood and infectious vapours that affect the brain and consequently put the whole frame out of order And this disease few Horses altogether escape The cure is to let him Blood in the Temple-veins or Neck-veins and having a potion made after this manner give it him hot viz. Take a handfull of Savin the like quantity of Rue an ounce of Ruburb and an ounce of Methridate give him these Ingredients the Liquid part well boiled in a quart of Spring-water sweetned with brown Sugar or Molossus For the Stone a very good Remedy This distemper is occasioned by gross humours which setling in the Reins or Bladder do in process of time by the help of heat and moisture grow to a hardness and so obstruct the passage of the Urin and by grating those tender parts cause exceeding pain and disorder to the creature so afflicted To dissolve or remove the Stone so contracted Take the Roots of Nettles Parsley Fennel and Sperage of each four ounces of Saxafrage and Dodder each a handfull bruise and boil them in a quart of White-wine and a pint of Vinegar untill a third part be wasted then add a handfull of Bay-salt and half a pint of Olive-oyl with half a pound of Honey and having strained out the thin part as hot as may be let him drink it fasting and so continue to to do for the space of a week together and you will find the pains will cease To take away a Wen in the Neck or any part of the Horse's Body without danger These Sorrances are generally caused by the assembling of bad humours to one place and their contracting into a Tumour To remove them therefore Take the Oyl of Bays Water of Tartar and Soap-boylers-Lees mix them well and being very hot dip a cloth therein and lay it upon the place grieved continuing often so to do and the humours thereby being dispersed the swelling will sink and disappear The Crownet-Scab what it is together with the Cure. This is a troublesome Sorrance being a Scab round the corners of the hoof very cankerous and dangerous and frequently comes by a Horse's running in wet and mirey ground especially in Winter-time whereby the cold has power to contract the gross and disordered humours and is known by the hairs standing up the unevenness of the Crownet and the watry humour that proceeds from thence Wherefore to cure it Take Verdegrease an ounce Rusty Bacon-fat two ounces Powder of Hart's-horn an ounce wash the place with Beef-broth and having made the before-mentioned materials into an Oyntment anoint the place hot as may be endured and continue so to do for a week together after which anoint it with Oyl of Bays or Rosemary To draw out a Thorn or Stump or any Iron or sharp thing gotten into the flesh If you cannot come at the cause of this kind of Sorrance so as to draw it out with your fingers or Pincers then mollifie the swelling or part where you conceive it to be and Take of Burgundy-pitch an ounce and of black Soap two ounces stamp the Roots of Water-lillys to the quantity of both the former and spreading them Plaster-wise lay them to the place a night and a day and thereby the swelling will not only be sunk or depressed but the head of the Thorn or Iron will appear to that degree that it may be easily taken out after which apply a Plaster of Diaculum or Oxicrotium to bring away the festered matter if any be found there and so heal it with green Oyntment For a Strain in the Coffin-Joynt or Socket of the Hoof. This Sorrance happens by a sudden short slip and is not thought of by many Farriers who are of the opinion That under the hoof there can be no slip or strain though the contrary appears and this is found out by taking up the foot and bowing the hoof from side to side and on that side you perceive the Horse to be pained in so doing on that side is the danger This being perceived Take of Beef-brine a pint and as much tried Suet set them on the fire and let them consume to a third part then add Wheat-meal and the Juyce of Alehoof or Ground-ivy half a pound or so much that they may be made up into the thickness of a Poultis when having pared the hoof at the bottom to the quick spread some of it very hot and stop it in with Flax and so renew it every other day till you perceive by your Horse's going the grief removed and the better to keep it on you may clap a cross stick under the shooe or cover the whole foot with a pitched cloth or a thick sole of Leather will do the same office but observe that during the cure you suffer him not to go in wet and dirty ground For a Horse that is perpetually sick or out of order by retaining a
circle and at other times where he began shifting likewise as you see convenient your hand and mending your pace obliging him upon a full stop to retire a pace or two backward and so from a Trot you may fall to the Gallop ever observing that Galloping to the right he leads with his left foot and so consequently Galloping to the left that he leads to the right and in so doing he will perform it with ease and delight when on the contrary if he carrys both his feet even leading with neither he must do it with pain and be apt sometimes to strike and this is ever best in case of a full speed upon a straight Course and so in using convenient Bitts and Furniture and keeping a steady hand you may stop him upon a full career and oblige him suddenly to retire if any imminent danger be apparent or sometimes for your pleasure and by such-like management you may bring him to the Turnings and strait Turns with little difficulty and indeed perfect him for any considerable Exercise in the performance of which he ought likewise to be considered more than what I have formerly mentioned When you intend your Horse for Travel Sport or the like more than what I have already given directions as to Managing that he may well endure and answer your expectation Observe to dress him over-night in the same manner as has been directed for the Running-horse and having by you Dog's-grease or Neatsfoot-oyl anoint him therewith especially his Joynts suppling it in with your warm hands or a warm cloth and in so comforting the Nerves and Sinews you will oblige the Horse to hold out much the better and in the morning give him three quarts of well-sifted Oats sweet and good with a quart of Beans split and the husks taken off and after them a quart of Ale And so being Accoutered to your mind Ride him forth a Racking-pace till you find his Joynts very plyable which will be within a Mile or two Riding then mend his pace and by degrees put him to either Amble Trot or Gallop as best shall please you till you come to your Inn. Being come to the end of your Stage if the Horse sweat take off his cloaths by degrees and with a piece of broken Sword Scithe or edged Lath scrape him all over and after that rub him with dry wisps or woollen cloths then pass your hand over him cleanse his Pasterns and Fetlocks from dirt and gravel pick his feet and cast a cloth over him and give him his potion of meat which must be a third part more at least than what his usual allowance is when he stands still and if you find him very hot within you may give him Water and Ale a like quantity both being a little warmed especially in Winter-time and anoint his Limbs with the same materials and in the same manner I have before mentioned and if you find his breath short give him an ounce of Hemp-seed well bruised in a glass of Canary or warm Ale ever forbearing to wash your Horse when he is hot that is to Ride him into a Pond or the like but rather if he be exceeding dirty warm a Pail full of Water and with wisps rub him gently clean or having first rubbed off the dirt with dry wisps you may cleanse the rest with a Brush And thus much I thought fit to lay down as a supplement to what has been formerly spoken not much different in the cases of Ordering and Management and so proceed to Particulars and Generals of another nature though tending to the same center CHAP. II. How the Jockies make old Horses look young A lean Horse artificially and naturally how fatned by Jockies A Remedy for Restiffness Neighing and the vice of Lying down in the Water the Art of making Stars Snips Blazes setting on false Ears Tails Manes c. with a discovery of many other secrets To make a Horse that is really old seem young RUb his Teeth with a Pumice-stone and the Powder of burnt Allom which rendring them white take a small Iron which being crook'd for the purpose burn in the tops of the two foremost Teeth small holes so big that a Wheat-corn may enter on each side the neither Jaw and on the Tushes do the like fining them with a Bodkin till the black Scale come off and the Teeth in that place look brighter than in another which done if the pits above the Eyes be hollow with a sharp Pen-knife or Lancet slit the skin being before raised and hollowing it as much as you can by the working of your fingers put into the slit a Duck or Crow-quill and blow them up one after another that the hollowness may fill with wind which entring into the Cavities of the skin will after having been stopped up for a time with a Plaster of Diaculum or Bees-wax fix there till by sweat or extraordinary labour it works out If the Temples are crooked which is a sign of Age lay to either of them a Poultis of Hemlock and Cammomoil fryed in Linseed-oyl and it will so far contract the blood to fill them that for many days they will appear strait And then for the Hoof which in case of Age will bâ— seamed or rugged Take a Rasp or File and havinâ— well smoothed it anoint it well with Oyl of Turpentine for a day or two and it will look very comely But in this case the Horse must be disposed of withiâ— a week at the farthest or else the defects will return A Horse subject to lye down in the Water how to remedy it In this case you must consider the Horse to be of 〈◊〉 hot constitution begotten or produced under the fire Signs of Leo or Scorpio or else much overflowed with Choler and therefore ever desirous to cool himself and thereby rendred in a manner unserviceable which Vice to remedy Ride him into a water up to his Knees and suffer him to lye down then having three or four lusty fellows ready with Boots on let them seize his head and hold it under water whilst another beats and belabours him And this do till you find the Horse almost stifled and in repeating it three or four times the terror of it will so work that the Horse will fly from the water more than ever he coveted it and hardly suffer himself to be watered unless in a Pail or Trough This likewise may be remedied by Bleeding and Purging your Horse Spring and Fall whereby the Humours that occasion the extraordinary heat and disorder may not be wanting whereon to feed or contract having the power and force of inflaming his body c. A Tired or Restiff Horse to remedy For the first of these being subject to Tire without â—ny extraordinary cause stamp a handfull of Nettles and pour the Juyce into either of his Ears and then take a couple of small peble-stones and put in after â—t tying or sewing up the Ears as advantageously
taken by the roots with Applications it being first clapped on with Glew or Pitch may be sewed to the Horse's skin in such a manner that the hairs of the one and the other rising over the seams it will hardly be discerned especially at a distance And thus have I laid down such things as I though convenient of this kind not to deceive the buyer but to the end that he knowing them may not be deceived And as a caveat bid him farther beware of Loging a lame Horse with Lead to make him go as if he was sound As also the Spring-saddle which by the Rider's leaning forward pricks the Horse so intollerably upon the bearing between the shoulders that if he be never so dull he will caper and jump as if it proceeded from his high mettle which hidden cause frequently deceives the unskilfull CHAP. III. How to set a Horse off for Sale to the best advantage by Trimming Washing c. as also directions for the Management of a Horse in Hunting relating to his Leaping c. with other things and matters worthy of note YOur Horse being repleat with hair on the Mane Tail and sometime especially if he be of the Dutch breed on the Legs or Pasterns so that thereby he appears rough or unseemly to the eye I say if it so happen whereby sometimes the unskilfull Buyer without a cause is discouraged having your Scissers Razor Comb Brush and Sponge in a readiness as also your Tweezers or Curling-iron comb well his Foretop Mane and Tail and with your Brush and Comb settle his Legs if occasion require it Then dust him over and do the like again after that beginning at the Foretop with your Razor shave away the short bristling hairs underneath it that cause it by the means of their stubbornness to brustle and stand staring as likewise those that grow unsightly about the roots of the Ears which done divide the Foretop into two equal parts and then clip it with your Scissers aslope between and so turn it waving up in two divisions with your Tweezers and fasten it with a Skewer and so do by his Mane and Tail clipping off the ends of those hairs that hung unseemly long or out of order so that in a short time they will appear comely in Waves or Ringlets and thus although the Mane falls two ways you may reduce it to one side c. As for the Legs having clipped away the superfluous hairs smooth them down with Oyl of Bays as hot as may be endured and in doing so two or three times you will afterward find the hair lye close How to make a Ball wherewith a Horse being well Lathered and smoothed down shall look exceeding sleek and comely Take of Cake-soap a pound of Fulling-earth four ounces the Lye of Wood-ashes a pint and Almond-flower two ounces boil them together over a gentle fire till they become a gellied thickness then suffering the Mass to cool make it up by drying it in an Oven or Stove into a Ball and with it make a Wash or Lather of new Wort if it may be had or else with warm Water and Lather him over with it being before well brushed down and so suffer him to stand till the frothy part sink of it self and then with your hand dipped in Water wherein Gum-arabick has been dissolved pass over his body and after that with a fine Woollen-cloth and then with your hand again till he be dry and he will not only appear wonderfull sleek but continue so for many days How to Manage a Horse in Leaping taking a Hedge Gate Stile Ditch c. Many have held this a difficult piece of Horsemanship as indeed it is for by ill management in this affair either the Horse or Man has been often spoiled and sometimes both of them together and such accidents fall out through the carelesness of the Rider or ill management of the Horse Wherefore to remedy it and prevent danger let the Rider observe that he not only sit fast himself upon the motion of Rise but that bearing somewhat forward to give the Horse the more sway he keep the Reins even and steady on either hand but not too hard least the Horse rising too high may happen to over-set or lose by such a motion the force of the spring of his hinder Legs and by that means be rendred less able to cant his body or draw them nimbly after him which frequently occasions a strain or slip especially at a Ditch And the best way on this occasion to hold your Rod or Whip is either between his Ears or somewhere out of sight least it cause him to boggle by inclining more to the one hand than to the other or for fear of being corrected force himself beyond his reach As for your Legs you ought to keep them moderately close to his Sides but not so close as to press his Ribs for that will oblige him to bate of his strength At a Gate or Stile ever observe your distance before you suffer your Horse to take it which ought to be somewhat more than a Man's pace from it least by the over-reaching of the fore-legs the hinder-legs either strike or stick in the barrs which through the sudden motion occasions an extraordinary bruise if not the Leg to snap short off As for a Ditch rather chuse to leap against a moderate rising bank than upon a decent or low place because in doing the latter the Horse comes down with so great a force that he will be either apt to stumble on his nose if not well supported by a steady hand or else to sprain or slip his shoulder As for the Hedge-leaping the greatest care required is to shun the Stakes and the like to be done by the sharp ends of Pails least the Horse by an Over-reach gore himself And in this case consider both the Bank and the Ditch if any there be least you force your Horse upon a thing too hard for him and by that means be both together left in the mire or in a worser condition Nor is it convenient in Hunting to ride a Horse in places where these things are required unless he be managed at leasure before hand for being upon full-speed your Horse seeing others who are managed undertake these matters of difficulty and thereby prompted to imitate them will in spite perhaps of your utmost endeavour to the contrary resolutely attempt to follow them for indeed no Creature desires more to Emulate his like than a generous Horse nor according to his understanding is more proud of winning praise and applause For as the Poet has it When to the Barrs the Foaming Steeds are lead They Prancing seem to scorn the Ground they tread And when the Signal 's given either flies Like Lightning Emulous to gain the Prize Whilst with their Thund'ring Hoofs the Earth does shake As when the strugling Winds a War within it make Nor less when loud the Bloody blast it sounds Do they